H-20 Fuel Cell Stack User Manual
Contents
1. Number of cells 13 Rated Power 20W 7 8V 2 64 Purging valve voltage os Blower voltage aa External temperature 5 to 302C Max stack temperature 552C 0 45 0 55bar 99 995 dry H2 Humidification self humidified Air integrated cooling fan Weight with fan amp casing 275 grams 30 grams Controller 90 grams 10 grams 7 5cmX4 7cmX7 0cm Flow rate at max output 0 23 min Start up time 30S at ambient temperature Efficiency of stack 40 at full power The flow rate may change with the power output The Specification is subject to change without notice 11 5 System Power Curves H 20 U I Curve H20 H2 flow H 20 P I Curve 12 6 System Set Up 6 1 Operating Instructions PLEASE READ CAREFULLY BEFORE STARTING WARNINGS 1 The tube between the hydrogen pressure regulator and the fuel cell gas input is required to be less than 30cm The inner diameter of the hydrogen supply tube is required to be more than 2mm The input pressure to the stack is required to be 0 45 0 55Bar 2 Using the fuel cell stack with water inside can irreparably damage it 3 Disconnect the hydrogen supply completely within 5 minutes after the fuel cell stack is shut down Since hydrogen gas can leak into the fuel cell and destroy the stack 4 The stack must be standing on the clear plastic feet 5 Make sure the dry Hydrogen gas to be used must be 99 995 purity 6 Please make sure you have purged the wate2. Controller Hydrogen input Purging Valve Z0W Fuel Cell Stack WARNING Disconnect the hydrogen supply completely within 5 minutes after the fuel cell stack is shut down Since hydrogen gas can leak into the fuel cell and destroy the stack 6 2 Simplified Drawings of HFCT Measurement Stand LOAD A Fuel Cell Controller Hydrogen input Purging Valve 20W Fuel Cell Stack Power V x A 15 7 Storage and Re Use When finished operating the stack place it back in the air tight container and keep it in an enclosed area for storage to keep the stack from getting too dry The stack should be stored at room temperature If the stack is un used for a long period of time more than 4 weeks and the performance goes down 50 to the rated power at 7 8V we recommend do the following steps Note Generally injecting water into the stack it is not recommended Only if the performance of the stack decreases 50 is it recommended to inject water into the stack to activate the stack before operation Rejuvenate by injecting water into the stack ils Connect a short section of hosing to the gas port marked H2 in 2 Fill a syringe with water distilled or purified Make sure there is no air in the syringe And then connect it to the hose attached to the H2 in port 3 Inject distilled or purified water into the stack until you see water coming out of the H2 out port Keep the water inside the stack for about 2 m
3. follow all local safety requirements related to the handling of hydrogen and compressed gases Ensure that your facility conforms to all local regulatory requirements including building codes and recommendations The fuel cell system has built in safeguards and is designed to shut down automatically if any out of range operating condition occurs Possible situations include low cell voltage high current high temperature low fuel pressure e Do not operate the stack on a grade of more than 65 C e Do not connect or disconnect power cables when the fuel cell stack is energised e Do not dismantle the system Contact Horizon if you have any concerns about operation 1 2 Using Hydrogen WARNING FIRE OR EXPLOSION Keep all sources of ignition away from hydrogen This unit uses hydrogen fuel Hydrogen is a colourless odourless and flammable substance It is highly combustible in the presence of oxygen and burns with a colourless flame Leaking gas may be hot and pose a burn danger Stop the flow of gas if you are not in danger and use water to cool the area If fire occurs do not attempt to extinguish flames allow the fire to burn out Prevent overexposure to hydrogen Hydrogen is non toxic but can act as a simple asphyxiant by displacing the oxygen in the air There are no warnings before unconsciousness results When operating the stack in an enclosure e Ensure ventilation slots are clear and unobstructed at all times during
4. O Horizon Fuel Cell Technologies H 20 Fuel Cell Stack User Manual Updated 20 May 2011 H 20_UM_V2 2_EN Disclaimer This manual incorporates safety guidelines and recommendations However it is not intended to cover all situations It is the responsibility of the customer to meet all local safety requirements and to ensure safety during operation maintenance and storage of the H 20 stack Although all efforts have been made to ensure the accuracy and completeness of the information contained in this document Horizon reserves the right to change the information at any time and assumes no liability for its accuracy Actions that will void the fuel cell and controller warranty Attempt under any circumstance to disassemble or inappropriately tamper with the fuel cell o Operate the fuel cell with a controller not designed and built by Horizon for the specific fuel cell o Operate the fuel cell with valves and blowers that are not provided by Horizon for the specified fuel cell and controller Disassemble the fuel cell Disassemble the controller Operate the fuel cell stack and controller that is not in the setup and or specified in the user manual provide for the specific product e Operate the fuel cell stack without the controller produced by Horizon or with the controller not produced by Horizon Do not attempt under any circumstance to disassemble or inappropriately tamper with the fuel cell There will be n
5. e fuel cell stack or components that convey process or cooling air WARNING Avoid contact with the fuel cell stack or components that convey process or cooling air 2 Terminology PEM fuel cell a PEM Proton Exchange Membrane fuel cell is a device that converts Hydrogen and oxygen into water and electricity Reactants reactant is a material used to start a chemical reaction In the fuel cell the reactants are air and Hydrogen by which the electricity will be generated Humidification humidity that the fuel cells need for running Blower supply air to the fuel cells and meanwhile decrease the temperature in the stack Mass flow per minute the total amount of the Hydrogen flow to the fuel cell every minute which the Hydrogen supply can be calculated HFCT Horizon Fuel Cell Technologies 1 Stack It includes a plurality of plate like fuel cells arranged along an axis generally parallel to cell thickness with electrically conductive separator plates between each pair of cells 3 Controller It controls the purging and short circuiting of the stack 3 Stack and System Component Information 2 Tube It is used for connecting the pressure regulator to the stack the stack to the purge valve and the purge valve to a place away from the stack 4 Purge valve It controls the purging time for purging water and redundant Hydrogen from the fuel cells 4 Technical Specification Type of fuel cell
6. inutes Now disconnect the syringe with the tube and leave the water in the stack 4 Purged the water out of the stack thoroughly before use see picture A below for reference Connect a short tube to the H2 out port And connect the H2 supply 0 45 0 55Bar to the stack without a load attached and purge the stack thoroughly i e letting hydrogen flow through the stack to remove water and other contaminants Using a fuel cell stack with water inside can irreparably damage it Please see picture B below for reference Make sure the hydrogen supply pressure is 0 45 0 55Bar SS ny a ae 0 45 0 55Bar WARNING 1 Please make sure you have purged the water out of the stack thoroughly before use 2 Using the fuel cell stack with water inside can irreparably damage it 3 Disconnect the hydrogen supply completely within 5 minutes after the fuel cell stack is shut down Since hydrogen gas can leak into the fuel cell and destroy the stack 16 8 Trouble Shooting Make sure the dry Hydrogen gas to be used must be 299 995 purity The tube between the hydrogen pressure regulator and the fuel cell gas input is required to be less than 30cm The inner diameter of the hydrogen supply tube is required to be more than 2mm The input pressure to the stack is required to be 0 45 0 55Bar If the system shuts down by itself check the following details Make sure you have connected all wires according to the diagram on page 15 Make su
7. kings present potential leakage or permeation sites Furthermore hydrogen s small molecule size results in high buoyancy and diffusivity so leaked hydrogen will rise and become diluted quickly Constant exposure to hydrogen causes hydrogen embrittlement in many materials The mechanisms that cause hydrogen embrittlement effects are not well defined Factors known to influence the rate and severity of hydrogen embrittlement include hydrogen concentration hydrogen pressure temperature hydrogen purity type of impurity stress level stress rate metal composition metal tensile strength grain size microstructure and heat treatment history Moisture content in the hydrogen gas may lead to metal embrittlement through the acceleration of the formation of fatigue cracks Hydrogen embrittlement can lead to leakage or catastrophic failures in metal and non metallic components As a preventative measure the stack must be operated in a well ventilated area in order to inhibit potential hydrogen accumulation WARNING Always operate the stack in a well ventilated area and ensure that ventilation slots are unobstructed 1 5 Flammability and volatility Hydrogen is flammable over concentrations of 4 75 by volume in air and is explosive over concentrations of 15 59 As a result even small leaks of hydrogen have the potential to burn or explode Leaked hydrogen can concentrate in an enclosed environment thereby increasing the risk of comb
8. may result eventually leading to convulsions coma and death At concentrations below 12 immediate unconsciousness may occur with no prior warning symptoms WARNING Lack of oxygen can lead to unconsciousness and asphyxiation As a preventative measure the stack must be operated in a well ventilated area in order to compensate for the oxygen used within the fuel cells WARNING Always operate the stack in a well ventilated area 1 7 Electrical Safety WARNING Avoid contact with an exposed fuel cell stack Electrical shock can cause personal injury or death e Do not touch fuel cell plates or any electrical components at any time A running fuel cell stack is a potential electrical hazard that can cause burns or electrical shock e Do not wear metallic jewellery rings bracelets watchbands or necklaces when you are close to an exposed fuel cell stack e Minimise static discharge If possible ground all equipment e Minimise conductivity Avoid contact with surfaces that are in contact with water or gases Do not operate or store in wet or damp conditions e Never use damaged extension cords The stack generates up to 13 VDC open circuit voltage This voltage decreases as current is drawn from the stack The stack produces 7 8V at maximum power This voltage is exposed at the output power connections These low voltages may constitute a shock hazard and can damage electronic components if shorted Therefore do not to
9. o returns refunds or exchanges should disassembly or tampering occur If you have questions or need help with regards to the fuel cell and its technology contact support horizontuelcell com IMPORTANT In order for the warranty to come into effect the stack must be registered on the Horizon Warranty Page at www horizonfuelcell com warranty htm Table of Contents 1 Safely secereesinew nunua AEAEE 4 2 LEMMINOIOGY sparkanh kasak aa aaa 9 3 Stack and System Component Information ss 22222222522222222 5 10 4 Technical Specification s 22222222222222222222222222222222220 20 5 11 5 System Performance CuUrvesS sssnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnne 12 6 System SO t UD esse ain esasrncidoonrestueisaruadivewetnnseonssiieaueucuiawolweccdueeuwesunene 13 Gs TAQ eral NS CLIC IOINS casvsaeresestsenescewsscersecensus E EEEE EE ETEEN E E Eaa 13 6 2 Simplified Drawings of HFCT Measurement Stand ccccccscccccccccccccccceeessees 15 7 Storage and Re USe wsseennnennneenee eee 16 8 Trouble Shooting w ssseennnnnnenmenneen nee 17 1 Safety Please read all instructions carefully prior to product use and keep this manual for future reference The safety guidelines included here may not cover every situation Use common sense 1 1 General information For this unit to generate electrical power a supply of hydrogen fuel is necessary It is important for any operator to be aware of understand and
10. operation e Operate within the temperatures limits stated in the manual e Never operate if an alarm condition exists Note We highly recommend customer use a hydrogen sensor not provided to detect the hydrogen leakage 1 3 Handling Compressed Gas Cylinders WARNING Do not handle compressed hydrogen gas cylinders without training or experience e Use a pressure regulator to control the fuel inlet pressure to the system e Do not alter the fitting on a regulator Ask experienced personnel for help e Do not attempt to force gas cylinder threads e Never transport a gas cylinder with regulators attached Ensure cylinder caps are in place Always use a cylinder cart with a safety strap or chain e Secure a high pressure cylinder to a bench post or fixed object to avoid accidental contact e Avoid unnecessary contact with On Off valves They can easily move to On by accident 1 4 Hydrogen Leakage Hydrogen is colourless odourless and tasteless Hydrogen is non toxic but can act as a simple asphyxiant by displacing the oxygen in the air There are no warning symptoms before unconsciousness results WARNING Inhaling hydrogen can lead to unconsciousness and asphyxiation Hydrogen molecules are smaller than any other gas making hydrogen more difficult to contain It can diffuse through many materials considered airtight Fuel lines non welded connections and non metal seals such as gaskets O rings pipe thread compounds and pac
11. r out of the stack thoroughly before operation if you injected water into the stack 7 Do not vibrate the stack when it is in operation 8 Keep the stack in ventilation when it is in operation 9 The tube between stack output and purging valve is required to be less than 20cm The tube connected to the purging valve output is required to be less than 30cm The inner diameter of the tube is required to be more than 2mm Step 7 Use the tube to connect the Hydrogen 0 45 0 55 Bar to the fuel cell gas input either port is ok Connect the controller to the fuel cell and also connect the controller to the purging valve Fuel Cell Controller Warning The tube between the hydrogen pressure regulator and the fuel cell gas input is required to be less than 30cm Hydrogen input Purging Valve Z0W Fuel Cell Stack 13 Step 2 After the low pressure hydrogen 0 45 0 55 Bar is supplied to the fuel cell the fan blower should start to operate The red light on the controller should be on for a short time and then it will go off Fuel Cell Controller Hydrogen input Purging Valve 20W Fuel Cell Stack Step 3 To obtain higher efficiency and better water management please connect the H2 outlet to the purging valve with a tube Fue Cel Controller Hydrogen input Purging Valve 20W Fuel Cell Stack 14 Step 4 The fuel cell system is now ready for use Please connect the load to the fuel cell system LOAD i Fuel Cell
12. re you have a hydrogen input supply at 0 45 0 55Bar to the stack Make sure the load is below 20W because the controller will protect the stack from drawing too much current The blower does not run after the stack was connected according to the System set up and hydrogen was supplied Contact Horizon Fuel Cell Technologies for support The open voltage no load stack voltage is less than 9 1V 1 Inject water into the stack see Storage and re use for details And then re test open voltage Note Make sure you have purged the water out of the stack thoroughly before use Connect a load 5 6W to the stack And then note the voltage and current to check if they comply with our power curve If not inject water and run the stack again If the voltage and current from the 5 6W load comply with the power curve increase the load till 20W If the voltage and current from the high power load does not comply with the power curve check the hydrogen pressure to the stack and the flowrate Meanwhile purge the stack and then observe the stack Run the stack at 7 8V for 30minutes but its performance refuse to go up Contact Horizon Fuel Cell Technologies for support The light on the controller keeps on flashing red Reduce the demand of the load on the fuel cell stack 17
13. uch individual fuel cells cell voltage monitoring equipment or electrical components WARNING Do not touch fuel cells cell voltage monitoring equipment or electrical components Electronic components can also be damaged as the result of static discharge To minimise this ground all equipment in contact with the stack Never use damaged extension cords Minimise conductivity by avoiding surfaces in contact with water hands and clothes must be dry Do not operate or store the stack in wet or damp conditions WARNING Minimise static discharge Ground all equipment Residual reactants within the stack can develop a charge in a matter of minutes when turned off A reading of zero volts across the entire stack does not guarantee that all fuel cells are uncharged WARNING Always assume that the fuel cell stack is charged Jewellery such as rings necklaces bracelets and watches may concentrate an electric current when it comes into contact with charged components or when a shock passes through the human body Accordingly no jewellery should be worn near the stack WARNING Do not wear jewellery near the stack 1 8 High Temperature The fuel cell stack is designed to operate at 65 C At this operating temperature the air exhaust stream temperature can reach 55 C and the cooling air stream can reach 17 C above ambient conditions These temperatures are sufficient to cause burns or severe discomfort Accordingly avoid contact with th
14. ustion and explosion Hydrogen flames are pale blue and are almost invisible in daylight due to the absence of soot Due to its high buoyancy and diffusivity burning hydrogen rises unlike gasoline which spreads laterally A flammable or explosive hydrogen mixture is easily ignited by a spark or even a hot surface The auto ignition temperature of hydrogen is 500 C 932 F The energy of a hydrogen gas explosion is 2 4 times that of gasoline or methane for an equal volume Hydrogen gas explosions are therefore more destructive and carry further WARNING A mixture of hydrogen and air is potentially flammable and explosive and can be ignited by a spark or a hot surface As in the presence of any fuel all sources of ignition including smoking are not permitted in the vicinity of the stack WARNING Keep all sources of ignition away Smoking is not permitted in the vicinity of the stack 1 6 Oxygen Depletion Oxygen is a colourless odourless non toxic and tasteless gas Oxygen is essential for life in appropriate concentrations Ambient air contains up to 21 oxygen Oxygen levels below 19 5 are biologically inactive and may act as simple asphyxiants Effects of oxygen deficiency may include rapid breathing diminished mental alertness impaired muscular coordination faulty judgement depression of all sensations emotional instability and fatigue As asphyxiation progresses nausea vomiting prostration and loss of consciousness
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