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1. September 2006 910 261D minimum thickness capability is less important than penetration and scatter echoes are not a problem Initial Gain may simply be set equal to Max Gain 9 7 4 Main Bang Blank Main Bang Blank creates a blank or dead zone up to 18 microseconds from the excitation pulse where it is not possible to detect echoes The blank is used to prevent detection of the trailing edge of the excitation pulse as if it were a backwall or interface echo In Modes 2 and 3 the setting of the Main Bang Blank is not critical it merely needs to be set at some point between the end of excitation pulse ringdown and the interface echo In Mode 1 however the length of the Main Bang Blank determines the minimum thickness that can be measured and it must be positioned with care after selecting the Initial Gain level If the Main Bang Blank is too short then the gage will hang up on the excitation pulse and readings will not be possible If the Main Bang Blank is too long then the minimum measurable thickness will be unnecessarily restricted In general set the Main Bang Blank just beyond the point where the gage hangs up and test with the transducer both coupled to and uncoupled from the test material to ensure accurate measurements 9 7 5 Echo Window The Echo Window is the time interval in each main bang period during which the gage is enabled to detect echoes The Echo Window interval begins at the end of the Main Bang Blank The en
2. 0 6 mm min DEFMI MT06 MIOG Steel 0 080 20 2 00 508 mm Plastic 0 050 min 1 25 mm min DEFMI MI0I6 MIOIG Steer 0 030 1 5 0 76 38 mm Plastic 0 010 min 0 25 mm min IDEFM1 M1036 1036 Steel 0 080 25 2 00 635 imm Plastic 0 050 min 1 25 mm DEFM3 M208 M208 0 008 0 200 0 2 5 mm DEF2P M208 M208 Plastic 0 005 0 2 0 12 5 mm DEFM3 M202 M202 Steel 0 010 0 500 0 25 12 5 imm DEFM2 M202 M202 Steel 0 020 0 750 0 5 19 imm IDEFP2 M202 M202 Plastic 0 025 0 25 0 6 6 mm IDEFM3 V 260 VZ60 Steel 0 010 0 200 0 25 5 imm DEFM2 V260 260 Steel 0 020 0 400 0 5 10 imm DEFP2 V260 Plastic 0 010 0 120 0 25 3 imm DEFM2 M201 M201 Steel 0 030 0 750 0 75 19 imm DEFP2 M201 M201 Plastic 0 020 0 500 0 50 12 5 mm DEFM2 M206 M206 Steel 0 050 1 00 1 25 25 mm Page 7 2 Model 35 Series September 2006 910 261D IDEFP2 M206 M206 Plastic 040 0 500 1 0 12 5 Imm IDEFM2 M207 M207 Steel 0 080 1 00 2 0 25 mm DEFP2 M207 M207 Plastic 0 080 0 500 2 0 12 5 imm Note Exact thickness range depends on material and application Model 35HP and 35DLHP Application Setup Name Application Setup Name Probe Type DEFMI MITO MIIO Steel 0 040 15 1 00 380 imm Plastic 0 025 min 0 6 mm min DEFMI MT09 109 Steel 0 050 2
3. If the alarm is set and triggered at an ID location a single asterisk indicates a YELLOW alarm condition and a double asterisk indicates a RED alarm condition 01 0 503 0 0 02 0 503 0 0 03 0 402 0 0 04 0 401 0 0 05 0 301 24 7 06 0 301 24 7 07 0 202 49 5 08 0 202 49 6 09 0 103 74 34 10 0 103 74 34 4 5 2 Protocol Two sets of remote commands can be used to communicate with 35 Series gages Normally communication between the 35 Series gages and 35pcscope or Gageview is done using the Multi Char command set The Single Char command set is used for communication with custom software and external devices like digital calipers RS 232 printers and RS 232 bar code readers 4 5 3 Connector 35 Series gages are standardly supplied with a USB communication port only An optional RS 232 port is available for communication with RS 232 base equipment Normally the connector should be set to USB and should be set to RS 232 only when the option has been installed and you are communicating via RS 232 protocol When RS 232 is selected the user can also configure the device printer terminal bar code or caliper In addition the user can set the Model 35 Series Page 4 23 910 261D September 2006 baud rate when printer and terminal are selected The baud rate can be set to1200 2400 4800 9600 or 19200 Additional RS 232 parameters at fixed at Word Length Fixed at 8 bits Parity Fixed at None Stop Bits F
4. Refer to Table 9 1 or consult the company for details 9 6 Cable Lengths Model 35 Series gages should normally be used with transducer cables no longer than approximately 3 feet or 1 meter The maximum length of cable that can be used in a specific case will depend on the type of transducer and minimum thickness to be measured Generally very long cables are not recommended except in certain specialized cases usually involving low frequency transducers Particular attention must be paid to the problems of electrically matching the transducer to the cable accounting for attenuation of the signal in the cable and compensating for pulse transit time through the cable Consult the company for further information Page 9 10 Model 35 Series September 2006 910 261D 9 7 Pulser Receiver and Gating Adjustments In addition to providing programmed standard transducer setups the Model 35 Series permits the user to create custom setups by changing a series of pulser receiver and gating parameters Custom setups are used when the measurement requirements of a particular application are not optimally met by one of the standard setups In some cases a Model 35 Series will be shipped from the factory pre programmed with one or more custom setups to meet special customer requirements In any case users may wish to create custom setups of their own The adjustments described in this section should be made only by a qualified technician who is fami
5. Setup to display the Setup tabs Use the 4 keys to select the Waveform tab Press the v1 Or to scroll to Enable Press or to choose On or Off Press y or ENTER to scroll to Zoom Model 35 Series Page 4 35 910 261D September 2006 Step 6 Press or to choose On or Off Step 7 Press or ENTER to scroll to Save Key Models 35DL and 35DLHP only Step 8 Press 4 to choose THK ONLY or THK WF Step 9 Press MEAS RESET Note When the waveform has been enabled and the Zoom fea ture is turned off the user can adjust the range and delay of the waveform by using y or 4 keys changes the range to the next higher or lower range set point or gt keys increases or decreases the waveform delay 5 TA su pes 11 4 9 1 Transducer Setup Adjust Mode The Transducer Setup Adjust Mode feature allows the user to make transducer setup adjustments Note These adjustments can affect the measurement capabil ity of the instrument and should be undertaken only by a person with extensive knowledge of ultrasonic theory Page 4 36 Model 35 Series September 2006 910 261D This mode can be activated while the optional waveform is enabled or while in standard thickness display mode Adjusting the transducer setup should only be done while viewing the live ultrasonic waveform If your unit does not have the optional live waveform then the gage can be connected to t
6. Step 2 Use the amp keys to highlight the Reset tab Step 3 Use the y key to highlight Master Reset and press ENTER Step 4 Use the gt keys to highlight Reset or Cancel and press ENTER Step 5 Press MEAS to return to the Measure Mode 4 11 3 Database Reset Model 35DL and 35DLHP Only Database Reset resets and clears the entire database Note Caution should be used when performing a Database Reset because it will cause the gage to delete all stored thickness readings Once a database reset has been per formed the thickness data cannot be retrieved Model 35 Series Page 4 43 910 261D September 2006 To perform Database Resets Step 1 Press 2 1 y Setup to display the setup tabs Step 2 Use the keys to highlight the Reset tab Step 3 Use the 4 key to highlight Database Reset and press ENTER Step 4 Use the amp keys to highlight Reset or Cancel and press ENTER Step 5 Press MEAS to return to the Measure Mode 4 12 B scan B scan converts thickness readings to cross sectional image profiles The B scan function is used to scan over an area and look at how the cross sectional thickness is changing The B scan DB Grid and Optional Waveform are mutually exclusive features Only one of these functions can be active at a time Activation of one of these functions will automatically deactivate any of the others You can save these images datalogg
7. To do the Zero Calibration a calibration block of the material to be measured must be used The block should be approximately as thin as the thinnest section to be measured If the surface of the material to be inspected is rough the surface of the calibration block may be roughened to simulate the actual surface to be measured Rough surfaces generally reduce the accuracy of measurements but simulating actual surface conditions on the calibration block can help to improve results The exact thickness of the sample must be known Step 1 Couple the transducer to the standard Step 2 Press the CAL ZERO key Step 3 When the thickness reading is stable press the ENTER key The ENTER key will not be accepted if the LOS display flag is on Page 3 10 Model 35 Series September 2006 910 261D Step 4 Uncouple the transducer and use the 4 y E and gt slewing keys to enter the known thickness Step 5 Press the MEAS key to complete the calibration and return to the Measure Mode Note If the gage is turned off before the MEAS key is pressed the Zero value will not be updated to the new value but instead will retain the previous value If the gage sounds a long beep before returning to the Measure Mode an error has been made in the calibration proce dure and the Zero value has not been changed The most likely cause is that the entered thickness was not correct The model 35 series is now calibrated for the transduce
8. to choose Delete or Cancel Press ENTER Press MEAS to return to Measurement Mode SEND DELETE STATS DELETE FILE SELECT FILE HONAMEDO 01 01 04 Delete all IDs in a file or current file ID ranse d ENTER B SELECT FILE HONAMEDO 21 01 04 DELETE CANCEL to select entry then ENTER when done B ENTER ande 1 Model 35 Series Page 5 21 910 261D September 2006 5 8 3 Delete Stored Value You may erase the current stored value at a specified ID location by overwriting the value with new data or a LOS value You may enable ID Overwrite and the gage will display a message that states whether data already exists at an ID location To enable ID Overwrite Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5 Press 2nd Flly SETUP to go to the Setup Tabs Press y to enter the MEAS tab Press 4 or ly to scroll to ID Overwrite Use or to choose ON or OFF Press MEAS to end MEAS SYSTEM ALARM MIN MAX HOLD BLANK MEASURE RATE CAL LOCK ID OVERWRITER to make selection then ENTER or 4 ENTER MEAS Page 5 22 Model 35 Series September 2006 910 261D ID OVERWRITE Overwrite current ID Overwrite Protection is ON e ENTER MEAS IL 5 8 4 Quick Clear Contents of the Active File 35DL and 35DLHP Only The 35DL and 35DLHP allow the user to quickly clear the contents of the active file without de
9. 24 Model 35 Series September 2006 910 261D computer must have setup information Data downloaded to the Model 35DL and 35DLHP gage must be in the same format in which data is transmitted We recommend using the GageView Interface Program to manage all functions of interfacing storing and creating Model 35DL and 35DLHP data 5 9 2 Using the Optional GageView Interface Program GageView is the interface program for the Model 35DL and 35DLHP Gage View is a Windows based program compatible with Windows 2000 and XP It can create inspection database files load data files and generate reports GageView is compatible with Model 35DL and 35DLHP data files and offers advanced ODBC compatibility and enhanced OLE features For more information on GageView refer to the Gage View Instruction Manual 5 10 Statistics Reports The Model 35DL and 35DLHP can generate statistic reports from within the gage without having to connect to a computer 5 10 1 Statistics Report for an Entire File Step 1 Press 2nd F 4 FILE to go to the File tabs Step 2 Press gt to scroll to Stats tab Step 3 Press ly to enter the Stats tab Model 35 Series Page 5 25 910 261D September 2006 Step 4 Step 5 Step 6 Step 7 Step 8 Step 9 Page 5 26 Press 4 or to select Report on File Press ENTER Use A and y to scroll to files Press ENTER to select the file Use 4 or to choose Report or Canc
10. 2D Grid Press ENTER Step 5 Use the and gt keys to select Thickness Velocity or Time of Flight TOF Press ENTER Thickness is for storing thickness data in the file Velocity is for storing velocity data in the file TOF is for storing TOF Time of Flight data in the file Step 6 Use the amp and keys to select Continue Press ENTER Step 7 Use the gt key to enter the Start COL using the 4 Y editing function Press ENTER Step 8 Use the key to enter the End COL using 4 Y Page 5 14 Model 35 Series September 2006 910 261D Step 9 Step 10 Step 11 Step 12 5 4 editing function Press ENTER Use the key to enter the Start ROW using the 4 s editing function Press ENTER Use the key to enter the END ROW using the 4 y editing function Press ENTER Use the amp and keys to select to increment first by Row or Column Press ENTER Use the and keys to select Done or Cancel Press ENTER Opening a File Use the File Open function to retrieve a file stored in the datalogger and mark it as the active file in the Measure Mode To open a File follow these steps Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5 Step 6 Step 7 Press 22d F 4 FILE to go to the File Tabs Press 4 and to scroll to the Open tab Press ly to enter the Open tab Use 4 or y to scrol
11. 35 Series Page 4 3 910 261D September 2006 To adjust the display contrast for the Model 35 and Model 35HP Step 1 From Measure Mode press 2nd F Light Bulb LCD ADJ Step 2 Use the 4 or ly key to adjust contrast Step 3 Press ENTER to exit Contrast Adjust Mode To adjust the Display Contrast for the Model 35DL and 35DLHP Step 1 From Measure Mode press 2nd F FREEZE LIGHT LCD to turn on the back light and begin contrast adjustment Step 2 Use the 4 or y key to adjust contrast Step 3 Press ENTER to exit Contrast Adjust Mode Step 4 Press 2nd F FREEZE LIGHT LCD to turn the back light off 4 2 Freeze Mode The freeze function allows the operator to freeze the thickness display when the FREEZE key is pressed The display is returned to an active status by pressing FREEZE a second time or by pressing MEAS This function is useful in a situation when the user wishes to hold a displayed thickness reading This is helpful for high temperature thickness measurement applications to limit the transducer contact time The freeze can also be used in combination with the Min Max function Page 4 4 Model 35 Series September 2006 910 261D 4 3 Measurement Setup The measurement setup menu allows the user to turn on off many of the additional measurement features of the Model 35 Series gages Measurement setup features include Meas Option Thickness Velocity or Time of Flight Units Res
12. 35DL and 35DLHP only Page 5 2 Model 35 Series September 2006 910 261D 5 2 Organizing the Datalogger The Model 35DL and 35DLHP datalogger is a flexible file based system Every measurement stored in the datalogger is tagged with a file name and identification number ID number The file name and ID number may be thought of as the place in the gage memory where the measurement data is stored This description usually corresponds to the physical location numbers of each measurement point in the actual application When stored data is loaded into a computer and later recalled back to the gage each measurement is always uniquely identified by the file name and ID number where it was initially stored 5 2 1 File Name Structure File names consist of up to eight 8 alphanumeric characters Allowable characters are as follows 0123456789 ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ space The total number of files is limited by the number of ID numbers 5 2 2 Identifier ID Number Structure ID numbers consist of up to 10 alphanumeric characters Allowable characters are as follows 0123456789 ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ space Model 35 Series Page 5 3 910 261D September 2006 The allowable number of ID numbers within a file depends on the total number of identifiers in the datalogger There are no restrictions on the use of any allowed character at any position in an ID number except that you cannot use a space as eith
13. 8 5 3 3 2 Press 2 4 File to display the File Tabs Use the amp and keys to select the Create Tab Use the y key to highlight the file name and press gt to enter a file name using the y 4 gt editing function Press ENTER Use the amp and keys to select Incremental Press ENTER Use the amp and keys to select Thickness Velocity or Time of Flight TOF and press ENTER Thickness is for storing thickness data in the file Velocity is for storing velocity data in the file TOF is for storing TOF Time of Flight data in the file Use the amp and keys to select Continue and then press ENTER Use the key to enter the start ID number using the editing function keys 4 y Press ENTER Use the 4 amp gt to select Done or Cancel Press ENTER Sequential A Sequential File is defined by a starting and an ending ID number The resulting file is inclusive of the starting and ending points and all points in between Page 5 10 Model 35 Series September 2006 Example Example 910 261D Start ID ABC123 End ID ABC135 The resulting file would contain the following list of ID numbers ABC123 ABC124 ABC125 ABC135 Start ID XY GY End ID XY IB The resulting file would contain the following list of ID numbers XY GY XY GZ XY HA XY IB To create a Sequential File follow these steps Step 1 P
14. Diagram of the Model 35 Model 35 Series Page 8 3 910 261D September 2006 The pulser under the control of the microprocessor provides a unidirectional broadband spike voltage impulse to a heavily damped broadband ultrasonic transducer The broadband ultrasonic pulse generated by the transducer is coupled to the test piece by means of liquid couplant Echoes returning from the back or inside surface of the test piece are received by the transducer and converted to electrical signals which in turn are fed to the receiver AGC amplifier The microprocessor based control and timing logic circuits both synchronize the pulser and select the appropriate echo signals that will be used for the time interval measurement If echoes are not detected during a given measurement period the gage will shut down to save power until a new measurement cycle is required If echoes are detected the timing circuit will precisely measure an interval appropriate for the selected measurement mode and then repeat this process a number of times to obtain a stable averaged reading The microprocessor then uses this time interval measurement along with sound velocity and zero offset information stored in the Random Access Memory RAM to calculate thickness Finally the thickness is shown on the Liquid Crystal Display LCD and updated at a selected rate Page 8 4 Model 35 Series September 2006 910 261D 9 APPLICATION NOTES Model 35 Ultrasonic Thickness
15. Gages can be used in a variety of applications when proper technique is employed This section discusses advanced gage usability and measurement techniques to assist in challenging applications To take maximum advantage of the gages versatility the user should be familiar with the basic principles of ultrasonic nondestructive testing There are several textbooks that discuss this subject in detail as well as classroom training opportunities Consult the company for further information 9 1 Measurement Mode Model 35 Series gages are capable of operating in three measurement modes representing three alternate ways of timing echoes Mode selection is usually based on the requirements of a particular application as described below Mode 1 Measurements are made between an excitation pulse and the first back wall echo from the test piece using contact type transducers Mode 1 is a general purpose test mode and is normally recommended for use unless one of the conditions described under Modes 2 or 3 is present Mode 2 Measurements are made between an interface echo representing the near surface of the test piece and the first back wall echo using delay line or immersion transducers Mode 2 is most often used for high temperature measurements with high temperature delay line transducers measurements on sharp concave or convex radii in confined spaces with delay line or immersion transducers and for on Model 35 Series Page 9 1
16. Grid Is Active Step 1 From Measure mode press the 2nd F gt D key The gage displays the ID REVIEW screen A ELFE FE 0 350 Step2 Use 4 to move to a new grid or ID location For incremental or sequential files only the y keys be used Note The user can jump to the beginning of the file by press Model 35 Series Page 4 53 910 261D September 2006 ing 2nd F y or to the end of the file by pressing 2nd 4 Step 3 Press the MEAS key to go back to the Measure mode at the new ID location The gage increments from this new ID location 4 13 4 Editing and Moving Directly to Any ID Location in the Active File Step 1 From Measure mode press the 2nd F gt D key The gage displays the ID REVIEW screen Step 2 Press the 22d gt 10 again to enter the ID EDIT screen A cursor appears in the current ID and the 4 Y keys can be used to edit to any location in the active file A 8 235 0 520 0 1393 8 235 0 520 0 19 AE 9 133 0 550 0 580 6 520 9 550 520 ID EDIT Step 3 Press the Measure key to return to the Measure screen at the new ID location or press 2nd gt ID to go back to Review mode at the edited ID location Page 4 54 Model 35 Series September 2006 910 261D 4 13 5 Inserted ID Location in Grid Files ID locations can b
17. Step 6 Press Mode Button twice to display UNIT active for three 3 seconds Step 7 Press Set Button to toggle between Inch and MM Step 8 Set the 35 Series gage for Velocity Measurement see Section 3 1 Step 9 With the 35DL or 35DLHP press 2nd ly Setup and use gt to highlight the COMM tab and then use the Model 35 Series Page 3 13 910 261D September 2006 y and slewing keys to set the connector to RS 232 and the device to Caliper SEND FORMAT PROTOCOL CONNECTOR to make selection Then Press ENTER or e ENTER MEAS Step 10 Use the digital caliper to measure the thickness of the material and then press Set Button The displayed thickness value will be transferred to the 35DL or 35DLHP gage and be displayed in the REF THK box 3 6 Calibration and Measurements Two Point Calibration Time of Flight Measurement Mode Two point calibration requires two samples of the same material velocity and known thickness The velocity value does not need to be known Step 1 Activate the Time of Flight Measurement Mode as described in Section 3 1 Step2 Couple to a thick sample and press CAL VEL The gage will display a thickness reading Page 3 14 Model 35 Series September 2006 910 261D Step 3 Step 4 Step 5 Step 6 Step 7 Step 8 When the thickness reading is steady press ENTER Use the 4 Y 4 and slewing keys to enter the kno
18. Velocities of Various Materials Longitudinal Wave Velocity 910 261D Material V in usec V m sec Silicone 0 058 1485 Steel 1020 0 232 5890 Steel 4340 0 230 5850 Steel 302 austenitic stain 0 223 5660 less Steel 347 austenitic stain 0 226 5740 less Tin 0 131 3320 Titanium Ti 150A 0 240 6100 Tungsten 0 204 5180 Water 20 C 0 0580 1480 Zinc 0 164 4170 Zirconium 0 183 4650 References 1 W P Mason Physical Acoustics and the Properties of Solids D Van Nostrand Co New York 1958 2 E P Papadakis Panametrics unpublished notes 1972 3 J R Fredericks Ultrasonic Engineering John Wiley amp Sons Inc New York 1965 Model 35 Series Page I 3 910 261D September 2006 4 D L Folds Experimental Determination of Ultrasonic Wave Velocities in Plastics Elastomers and Syntactic Foam as a Function of Temperature Naval Research and Development Laboratory Panama City Florida 1971 5 Handbook of Chemistry and Physics Chemical Rubber Co Cleveland Ohio 1963 Page 4 Model 35 Series
19. and Gating Adjustments 9 11 9 7 1 Pulser PoWer 9 12 9 7 2 Maximum Gain eee 9 12 97 3 Initial Gain e ees 9 12 9 7 4 Main Bang Blank 9 13 9 7 5 Echo 9 13 9 7 6 Detect Mode 9 14 9 7 7 Echo 1 Detect Echo 2 Detect 9 15 9 7 8 Interface Blank 9 15 9 7 9 Mode 3 Echo Blank 9 16 977 10 TDG 9 17 10 Maintenance and Troubleshooting 10 1 10 1 Routine Care and Maintenance 10 1 19 2 ia 10 1 10 3 Error Messages i 10 2 10 4 Turn On and Low Battery Problems 10 2 10 5 Self Diagnostics OO Test Model 35 Series September 2006 910 261D 10 7 Repair Service balzi luni lane 10 5 10 8 Replacement Parts and Options 10 6 Appendix I Sound Velocities Model 35 Series 910 261D September 2006 Model 35 Series September 2006 910 261D Preface Model 35 Series Ultrasonic Gages are designed and manufactured as precision instruments Under normal working conditions they will provide long trouble free service Damage in transit Inspect the unit thoroughly immediately upon receipt for evidence of external or internal damage th
20. gage calculates and displays the material thickness based on a time of flight measurement calibrated material velocity In Velocity mode the gage can directly display velocity based on a time of flight measurement and user entered Ref Value Thickness The 35 series can also operate in a Time of Flight mode to display total time of flight To Select Measurement Mode Stepl Press 2nd Setup Step2 While the MEAS Tab is Highlighted use the y key to highlight MEAS OPTION Step3 Use the amp and keys to change between Thickness Velocity or TOF Time of Flight Step4 Press MEAS to return to the Measurement Mode using the new settings Model 35 Series Page 3 1 910 261D September 2006 3 2 Choosing a Default or User Defined Setup The 35 Series gages can use a variety of transducers through the Auto Application Recall feature Stored within the gage are twenty one 21 default setups 35 and 35DL and seventeen 17 default setups 35HP and 35DLHP as well as twenty 20 user defined application setups 35DI and 35 DLHP and ten 10 user defined application setups 35 and 35HP that provide maximum flexibility for a wide range of applications The Pre Defined setups always remain in the gage as defaults and cannot be removed This section describes how to choose an appropriate stored transducer setup and how to calibrate the 35 Series gages for a specific application To setup a 35 Series
21. information on specific transducer recommendations consult the company Note For best results only recommended Panametrics NDT transducers should be used with Model 35 Series gages insuring suitable electrical impedance bandwidth sensi tivity and main bang recovery characteristics While the gage may work with transducers from other manufac turers the company cannot guarantee performance Additionally transducers must be maintained in good condition Broken or cracked wearplates worn delay lines and thermal damage will all degrade performance and affect measurements Model 35 Series Page 9 3 910 261D September 2006 9 3 Factors Affecting Performance and Accuracy 1 Calibration The accuracy of any ultrasonic measurement is only as good as the accuracy and care with which the gage has been calibrated Model 35 Series gages are shipped from the factory with standard setups for a number of transducers and applications In some cases it may be desirable to optimize these setups for specific measurement situations as described in Section 3 In all cases it is essential that the velocity and zero calibrations also described in Section 3 are performed whenever the test material or transducer is changed Periodic checks with samples of known thickness are recommended to verify that the gage is operating properly 2 Surface Roughness of the Test Piece The best measurement accuracy is obtained when both the front and back sur
22. select Done and press ENTER Step 6 Press ENTER to accept Step 7 Power the unit Off then On again to complete the Live Waveform activation 4 9 Optional Waveform An optional live waveform available for all 35 Series gages allows the user to view the live ultrasonic waveform to help align the transducer for difficult applications When this feature is added the user can change between the standard thickness display and the optional live waveform display The user can also select an automatic tracking zoom for the waveform so that measurement echoes will always be displayed on screen A Save Key designation is also set in the waveform setup tab 35DL and 35DLHP to allow the user to define the function of the Save Key Setting the Save Key to THK ONLY will save only the thickness value when the Save Key is pressed and setting the Save Key to THK WF will save the thickness and waveform when the Save Key is pressed Note This tab is available only if the Waveform option is acti vated on the gage Please contact the company for more information concerning activating the optional Wave form feature Note The 35DL and 35DLHP can save approximately 8000 thickness readings or 350 waveforms with thickness Page 4 34 Model 35 Series September 2006 910 261D readings A Mi MAX 2001 2 44MM To activate the optional waveform Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5 Press 2ndF y
23. the gage double beeps before returning to the Measure Mode then an error has been made in the calibration procedure and the velocity has not been changed The most likely problem is that the thickness value entered was not correct In order to read and record the material velocity for this particular material 2ndF CAL VEL VEL may be pressed following Velocity Calibration or at any time from the Measure Mode This velocity may be entered by means of the slewing keys in the future when measuring this material without using the block Note Sound velocity in all materials changes with tempera ture For maximum accuracy the calibration block should be at approximately the same temperature as the samples to be measured Model 35 Series Page 3 9 910 261D September 2006 3 3 3 When Material Sound Velocity Is Known When preparing to measure a different material of known sound velocity the velocity may be entered directly without doing the CAL VEL procedure discussed above Step 1 From the Measure mode press 2ndF CAL VEL VEL The current velocity will be displayed Step 2 This number may then be changed to the desired value using the 4 y and slewing keys Step 3 Press MEAS to complete the entry and return to the Measure mode If the gage is turned off before the MEAS key is pressed the velocity will not be updated to the new value but instead will retain the previous value 3 4 Zero Calibration
24. trans TU character alphanu ducer setup Imeric Probe Type Transducer type One of the 13 trans ducer types from default setup list for 35 and 35DL of the 14 trans ducer types from default setup list for 35HP and 35DLHP Matl Vel Ultrasonic sound 0 030 0 5511 usec velocity of material 0 762 13 999 mm usec to be measured Zero Zero calibration 999 99 factor Pulser Pwr Pulser power 30 60 or 110 Volts Max Gain Maximum receiver 0 80 0 dB in 0 3 dB gain steps nit Gain Initial T V G gain D Max Gain in 0 3 dB steps TDG Slope Time Varied Gain 0 26 52 dB s in 0 1 dB us steps Blank Main Bang Blank 57 16 nsec to 225 usec in 0 1 nsec steps Model 35 Series Page 7 5 910 261D September 2006 Echo Win Echo window b5 ns to 200 s in 0 014 ns steps EchIDtect Detection polarity or lof first echo EchZDtect Detection polarity or lof second echo Blank after Inter 0 999 99 ns face echo 1 00 20 00 us IM3EchBInk Blank after first 0 20 01 us in 0 01 us measured backwall steps echo in Mode 3 Page 7 6 Model 35 Series September 2006 910 261D 8 THEORY OF OPERATION Panametrics NDT Model 35 Ultrasonic Thickness Gages operate on the Pulse Echo principle This principle works by precisely timing the reflection of high frequency sound waves from the transducer to the far wall of a test piece This technique derived from s
25. 0 1 25 508 imm Plastic 0 025 min 0 6 mm min DEFMI MI06 106 Steel 0 080 207 2 00 508 imm Plastic 0 050 min 1 25 mm min DEFMI MIO36 036 Steel 0 100 25 2 50 635 imm Plastic 0 080 min 2 00 mm Model 35 Series Page 7 3 910 261D September 2006 IDEFMI MIUI MIOI Steel 0 5 25 12 635 mm Plastic 0 20 5 0 5 127 mm DEFMI MT02 102 0 200 25 5 635 mm Plastic 0 1 3 0 2 5 75 mm DEFMI M103 MIO3 Steel 0 1 25 2 5 635 mm Plastic 0 100 3 0 2 5 75 mm DEFM2 M201 M201 teel 0 050 1 00 1 25 25 imm DEFP2 M201 M201 Plastic 0 050 0 400 1 25 10 imm DEFM2 M206 M206 teel 0 050 1 00 1 25 25 imm IDEFP2 M206 M206 Plastic 0 040 0 500 1 0 127 Imm IDEFM2 M207 M207 Steel 0 080 1 00 2 0 25 mm IDEFP2 M207 M207 Plastic 0 080 0 500 2 0 127 Imm DEFP1 M2008 2008 Smooth Fiberglass 0 2 3 0 5 0 75 mm IDEFM1 V153 Steel 0 500 10 00 12 400 imm IDEFM1 V 154 Steel 0 150 3 0 3 75 75 mm IDEFM1 V156 Steel 0 050 0 75 1 25 19 mm Note Exact thickness range depends on material and application Page 7 4 Model 35 Series September 2006 910 261D TRANSDUCER SETUP PARAMETERS Name Description Units Resolutions Range Det Mode Echo Detect Mode l 2 or 3 Setup Name Name Tor
26. 02 DEFM3 V260 DEFM2 V260 DEFP2 V260 Page 3 4 Model 35 Series September 2006 910 261D Table 3 1 35 and 35DL DEFM2 M201 DEFP2 M201 DEFM2 M206 DEFP2 M206 DEFM2 M207 DEFP2 M207 USER 1 SER 2 SER 3 SER 4 SER 5 USER 10 or 20 Model 35 Series Page 3 5 910 261D September 2006 Table 3 2 35HP and 35DLHP DEFMI M110 DEFMI M106 DEFM1 M1036 DEFM1 M101 DEFM1 M102 DEFM1 M103 DEFM1 M109 DEFM2 M201 DEFP2 M201 DEFM2 M206 DEFP2 M206 DEFM2 M207 DEFP2 M207 DEFP1 M2008 DEFM1 V153 DEFM1 V154 Page 3 6 Model 35 Series September 2006 910 261D Table 3 2 35HP and 35DLHP DEFM1 V156 USER 1 SER 2 SER 3 SER 4 SER 5 USER 10 or 20 Note The setups listed as USER 1 through USER XX may be renamed for special applications For a complete description see Section 9 Application Notes Note Ten 10 user defined setups can be stored in the 35 and 35HP Twenty 20 user defined setups can be stored in the 35DL and 35DLHP Model 35 Series Page 3 7 910 261D September 2006 3 3 Calibration and Measurements Thickness Measurement Mode 3 3 1 Velocity and Zero Calibration The Material Velocity and Zero Calibration procedures may be combined using a thick and a thin calibration block of the
27. 4 4 6 Save Key Function 4 16 4 4 7 File Mode 35DL and 35DLHP Only 4 17 4 5 Communication ii 4 17 4 5 1 Send Format sss 4 18 4 52 Protocol 5e 4 23 4 5 3 Connector tiri 4 23 4 5 4 Continuous Output eee 4 24 4 6 Normal Diff and Reduction Rate 4 26 4 7 High Low Alarms eere 4 28 4 8 Activating Waveform 4 32 4 9 Optional Waveform sse 4 34 4 9 1 Transducer Setup Adjust Mode 4 36 4 9 2 Saving Custom Transducer Setups 4 38 4 9 3 35PCScope 4 10 Clock Setup 4 riot RS lingua 4 11 1 Measurement Reset 4 11 2 Master Reset 4 11 3 Database AAD Bo CM ana ia 4 12 1 Using the B scan Function Model 35 Series September 2006 910 261D 4 12 2 B scan Freeze eee 4 12 3 Saving B scan sees 4 13 DB Grid DL Models Only 4 13 1 Using the DB Grid Function 4 13 2 Saving Data sss 4 13 3 Reviewing Stored Thickness Data 4 53 4 13 4 Editing and Moving Directly 4 54 4 13 5 Inserted ID Location in Grid Files 4 55 5 Datalogger and Data Transmission 5 1 5 1 Datalogger Overview 5 2 Organizing the Datalogger 5 2 1 File Name Structu
28. 6 NOU 2 Where x the thickness of the material V the velocity of sound in the material t the measured round trip transit time of the pulse t0 the zero offset factor to correct for transducer wearplate delay cable delay and other fixed delays Model 35 Series gages can employ any of three measurement modes to calculate pulse transit time The selection of the proper mode for a given application is dependent on a number of factors discussed in detail in Application Notes Mode 1 is employed with contact transducers In this mode measurement is made from the initial excitation pulse to the first returning echo from the back wall of the test piece The MTI marker indicates the Measured Time Interval Mode 2 is employed with delay line and immersion transducers In this mode measurement is made between an interface echo marking the time the sound wave enters the test piece and the first backwall echo The MTI marker indicates the Measured Time Interval Mode 3 is also employed with delay line and immersion transducers In this mode measurement is made between two successive back wall echoes that follow an interface echo The MTI marker indicates the Measured Time Interval Page 8 2 Model 35 Series September 2006 910 261D Poner ROM RAM Butwy 4 gt Say 4 gt D AGC Control aed Measure Puser D tnt Oeo ty 4 Keyboard Traraducer Charger RS 232 Output Figure 8 1 Block
29. 61D and the percentage difference between the current thickness and the reference thickness The user can select to show either the thickness value or the reduction rate in large font NONAMEOO Mi 16Hz EEJI fh THK IN REDUCTION 1 6 0 295 NONAMEOO Mi 16Hz 8 295 1 6 To activate Diff Mode Step 1 Press 2ndF y Setup to display the setup tabs Step 2 Use the 4 amp keys to highlight the Diff tab Step3 Use the ly key to highlight Enable and amp to select On or Off Step 4 Press the y key to highlight Diff Type and use the Model 35 Series Page 4 27 910 261D September 2006 4 gt keys to select Normal or Reduction Rate Step 5 Press the ly key or ENTER Step 6 Press the key to highlight the former value and use A y gt to edit the value Step 7 Press ENTER Step 8 Press 4 to select large font Thickness or Reduction RT Step 9 Press MEAS to return to the Measure Mode 4 7 High Low Alarms The High Low alarm allows the user to establish high and low alarm set points When a thickness is displayed below the Low Alarm set point or above the High Alarm set point an audio beep is sounded and an alarm flag is displayed When the alarm is active but not above or below set points the gage displays an A The gage displays an L to indicate a Low Alarm condi
30. 9 REPEAT to select button then ENTER or L z ENTER Page 5 28 Model 35 Series September 2006 910 261D 6 SPECIFICATIONS THICKNESS MEASUREMENT RANGE VELOCITY MEASUREMENT RANGE TIME OF FLIGHT MEASUREMENT RANGE THICKNESS DISPLAY RESOLUTION Model 35 Series 0 0040 to 25 000 inches or 0 100 to 635 0 mm depending on material and application 0 0200 0 7362 in usec 0 5080 18 699 mm usec 0 0 109 5 usec 35 AND 35DL e Standard 0 001 in 0 01 mm Low 0 01 in 0 1 mm High 0 0001 in 0 001 mm 35HP and 35DLHP Standard 0 001 in 0 01 mm Low 0 01 in 0 1 mm Page 6 1 910 261D September 2006 VELOCITY 35 AND 35DL RESOLUTION Standard 0 0001 in usec 0 001 mm usec Low 0 001 in usec 0 01 mm usec e High 0 0001 in usec 0 001 mm usec 35HP and 35DLHP Standard 0 0001 in usec 0 001 mm usec Low 0 001 in usec 0 01 mm usec TIME OF FLIGHT Model 35 35DL 35HP and 35DLHP RESOLUTION Fixed at 000 01 usec MEASUREMENT Selectable 4 8 16 or MAX RATE measurements per second Note MAX is between 16 and 20 measurements per second and is dependent on measurement mode and application Page 6 2 Model 35 Series September 2006 910 261D MEASUREMENT Echo Detection Methods selected MODE as part of the application setup Mode 1 Time between excita tion pulse and first echo fol lowing blank period using co
31. 910 261D September 2006 line measurement of moving material with immersion transducers Mode 3 Measurements are made between two successive back wall echoes using delay line or immersion transducers This mode may be employed only when clean multiple backwall echoes appear which typically limits its use to materials of relatively low attenuation and high acoustic impedance such as fine grained metals glass and ceramics Mode 3 typically offers the highest measurement accuracy and the best minimum thickness resolution in a given application at the expense of penetration and it is used when accuracy and or resolution requirements cannot be met in Mode 1 or Mode 2 Ultrasonic thickness measurements using contact transducers in Mode 1 are generally the simplest to implement and may be used in the majority of applications For most material the contact method of measurement provides the highest coupling efficiency of ultrasound from the transducer to the test piece Mode 1 contact measurements can generally be used with the Model 35 Series when minimum material thickness does not fall below approximately 0 005 0 12 mm of plastic or 0 010 0 25 mm of metal precision required is not better than 0 0005 12 5 microns test material is at room temperature and geometry permits contact coupling Mode 2 and Mode 3 measurements with delay line and immersion transducers are as noted above generally recommended when application requirements pre
32. A transducer resurfacing procedure can be performed to improve performance of worn transducers Contact the company for details 10 3 Error Messages During the normal operation of the gage certain special error messages may be displayed Usually these indicate a problem with the operating procedure but some may indicate a physical problem with the gage itself Consult the company for further information 10 4 Turn On And Low Battery Problems The bars on the batteries symbol show operating time remaining If the gage turns off immediately after turn on or if it does not turn on at all then the battery is probably completely discharged The batteries should be replaced If after replacing the batteries the unit still does not turn on there has probably been a component failure within the gage which should be serviced 10 5 Self Diagnostics Model 35 Series thickness gages include two self diagnostic screens that permit the user to identify hardware or software problems To view the Diagnostic 1 screen and see internal self test results Page 10 2 Model 35 Series September 2006 910 261D Step 1 Press 2ndF y Setup to display the setup tabs Step 2 Use the 4 keys to highlight the DIAGI tab The following results are displayed Gain Internal Calibration BLK DET SMP Internal Blank Detector and Sampler Test Thresh Cal Threshold Calibration Test RCVR1 Receiver 1 Thresh Cal Threshold Calibration Test
33. AS to return to the Measure Mode 4 3 7 Averaging Mode In the Averaging Mode the displays shows the average value of the ten 10 most recent readings The Q Bar quality bar is an indicator of measurement stability a longer Q Bar indicates more stable readings that is readings that do not vary from one another Averaging and Q Bar are available for all measure rate settings Three options for the Averaging setting are available ON OFF and Q Bar To change Measure Rate Step 1 Press 2ndF y Setup to display the setup tabs Step 2 Use the v key to enter the MEAS tab Step 3 Press 4 or ly to scroll to AVERAGING Page 4 10 Model 35 Series September 2006 910 261D Step 4 Press 4 to choose On Off or Q Bar Step 5 Press MEAS RESET 4 3 8 CAL Lock CAL Lock allows the user to lock the calibration so that it cannot be changed while CAL Lock is enabled If the user tries to change the calibration while the lock is activated the gage displays a CAL Lock message To activate CAL Lock Step 1 Press 2ndF y Setup to display the setup tabs Step 2 Use the 4 keys to highlight the MEAS tab Step 3 Use the y key to highlight CAL Lock and 4 0 to select between Off and On Step 4 Press MEAS to return to the Measure Mode 4 3 9 Quick Setup When activated the Quick Setup feature permits the user to quickly recall the first four 4 user defined setups by the use of a simpl
34. Advanced Test Equipment Rentals ished 1981 www atecorp com 800 404 ATEG 2882 USER S MANUAL Model 35 35DL 35HP 35DLHP Ultrasonic Precision Thickness Gages Part No 910 261D September 2006 FS PANAMETRICS NDT Nondestructive Testing Products In accordance with European Directive 2002 96 EC on Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment this symbol indicates that the product must not be dis posed of as unsorted municipal waste but should be collected separately Refer to your local Olympus distributor for return and or collection systems available in your country Copyright 2006 by Olympus NDT All rights reserved No part of this manual may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical including photocopying recording or by any information storage and retrieval system without the written permission of Olympus NDT except where permitted by law For information contact us at pana olympusNDT com Other product names mentioned in this document may be trademarks of their respective companies and are mentioned for identification purposes only Printed in the United States of America September 2006 910 261D Table of Contents 1 General 1 eee ee 1 1 2 Basic 20 2 1 2 InitiabSetup id 2 1 2 2 Making Measurements e
35. RCVR2 Receiver 2 Table 10 1 DIAG1 Results Note Highlighted parameters indicate that the specific self test failed based on the expected values To view the Diagnostic 2 screen which shows information about your Model 35 series gage Step 1 Press 2ndF y Setup to display the setup tabs Step 2 Use the t gt keys to highlight the DIAG2 tab Model 35 Series Page 10 3 910 261D September 2006 The following results are displayed SW REV Reports software version 1 00 1 00G Battery Indicates current battery volt age Probe Indicates current attached probe PR TX Indicates the time of flight for the transmit delay line PR RX Indicates the time of flight for the receiver delay line Table 10 2 DIA G2 Results Note If PR TX displays N A then either the cable is broken or there is a problem with the transducer 10 6 Tests The Model 35 DL gage tests include KEYPAD Tests keypad keys VIDEO Tests to assure that pixel locations are functional 10 6 1 KEYPAD TEST The Keypad test tests to assure that keypad keys are functional The KEYPAD test displays each functional keypad key The gage display Page 10 4 Model 35 Series September 2006 910 261D during the test should match the keypad Where mismatches occur keys are not functional To test the keypad use the following procedure Step 1 From the Main screen press 2ndF y and use the gt arrow to move across the top of t
36. a 35 Series gage The unit ships from the factory containing default conditions for the transducer s you have purchased Parameters may be changed after you become familiar with the more sophisticated gage features 2 1 Initial Setup Follow the initial setup procedure when operating the gage for the first time in addition to using the default settings and test block included with the gage To begin the initial setup Step 1 Plug the transducer cable into the transducer connector located on the top panel of the 35 Series Step 2 Connect the transducer to the other end of the cable Step 3 Press the ON OFF key to turn the gage on Ensure that the probe type shown in the initial startup screen matches the transducer you have attached to the gage This part number is engraved on the back or side of the transducer Note If the probe type does not match the transducer please refer to Section 3 2 of this manual Step 4 Approximately three 3 seconds after the gage is turned on the following screen will appear current units are indicated on the right side of the display Model 35 Series Page 2 1 910 261CD September 2006 EA SA Figure 2 1 Zero Screen To alternate measurement units between inches IN and millimeters mm Step 1 Press 2ndF y Setup Step 2 Use the y in the measurement Tab to select Units and then use the or key to select English or Metric Step 3 Press MEAS Key T
37. a File e Receiving Files and Using the Gage View Interface Program e Statistics Reports 5 1 Datalogger Overview The Model 35DL and 35DLHP datalogger have a built in file and data management system Each thickness reading is stored and tagged with an alphanumeric identification number and file name with descriptive fields A complete description of the measurement type gage calibration and setup parameters is stored along with each reading Datalogger functions include Model 35 Series Page 5 1 910 261D September 2006 Storethickness measurements or optionally thicknesses with waveforms Recall stored data to the gage displays Receive previously transmitted thickness data back from a computer e View current datalogger settings while simultaneously taking measurements Youcan store thickness measurements When each measurement is stored the gage also stores a complete description of the measurement conditions The additional data stored with each thickness value includes File Name Identifier Units in or mm e LOS Loss of Signal Differential Mode Differential Reference Value Alarm Mode Alarm Status Alarm Set Points Minimum or Maximum Mode Minimum or Maximum Reading e Velocity Resolution Transducer Setup Number Information You can store a maximum of 8 000 thickness or optionally 350 waveforms with thicknesses velocity or time of flight values at any one time Models
38. alues are Material Velocity 0 2260 in usec Measure Option Thickness Unit Inches Resolution Standard Min Max Off Hold Blank Blank Measure Rate 4 Hz Model 35 Series Page 4 41 910 261D September 2006 Averaging Off CAL Lock Off Quick Setup Off D Overwrite Off Model 35DL and 35DLHP only Beeper On nactive Time On Language English Radix Period Backlight Mode Normal Battery Type Alkaline Alarm Off Default Values Low 0 000 High 25 000 Diff Off Default Value 0 000 To perform Measurement Resets Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5 Press 28414 Setup to display the setup tabs Use the keys to highlight the Reset tab Use the y key to highlight Measurement Reset and press ENTER Use the amp keys to highlight Reset or Cancel and press ENTER Press MEAS to return to the Measure Mode Page 4 42 Model 35 Series September 2006 910 261D 4 11 2 Master Reset Master Reset resets the entire instrument to its default values and also deletes the database on the Model 35DL and 35DLHP Note Caution should be used when performing a Master Reset because it will cause the gage to delete all stored thickness readings Once a master reset has been per formed the thickness data cannot be retrieved To perform Master Resets Step 1 Press 2414 Setup to display the setup tabs
39. ank The function of Mode 3 Echo Blank in Mode 3 is analogous to that of Interface Blank in Mode 2 or Main Bang Blank in Mode 1 This function creates a blank or dead zone up to twenty 20 microseconds long following the leading edge of the first detected backwall echo to prevent detection of trailing lobes or cycles of that echo and the resulting gage hang up Because Mode 3 Echo Blank limits minimum measurable thickness set the controls as short as possible seldom longer than a few hundred nanoseconds Special cases may occur where mode conversion effects on curved samples cause significant spurious signals between legitimate echo peaks In such cases set the Mode 3 Echo Blank as long as necessary to prevent detection of the Page 9 16 Model 35 Series September 2006 910 261D spurious signals 9 7 10 TDG Slope The Time Dependent Gain TDG Slope function controls the rate receiver gain slopes up from the Initial Gain level to the Max Gain level The Slope may be set from 0 0 to 26 5 dB per microsecond Generally TDG Slope should be set as high as possible to reach maximum gain as quickly as possible without having the gage hang up on spurious signals Model 35 Series Page 9 17 910 261D September 2006 Page 9 18 Model 35 Series September 2006 910 261D 10 MAINTENANCE AND TROUBLESHOOTING 10 1 Routine Care And Maintenance The Model 35 Series case is sealed to prevent intrusion of environmental liquids and dust Howev
40. any row or column in the grid file The following are definitions of the available DB Grid options and parameters Enable Allows the user to turn the DB Grid function On or Off Transpose Grid Allows the user to switch the position of the Row and Columns of a 2D Grid file This parameter has no affect on incremental or sequential files 4 13 1 Using the DB Grid Function To activate the DB Grid feature Model 35 Series Page 4 51 910 261D September 2006 Step 1 Press the 214 F y SETUP key to display the Setup Tabs Step 2 Use the key to highlight the DB GRID Tab Step 3 Use the v Key to enter the DB GRID Setup menu Step 4 Use the ly and 4 to select a parameter and the and 4 to adjust the setting Step 5 Press the MEAS key to return to the Measure mode and save the adjusted settings TRANSPOSE GRIDH to make selection Then Press ENTER or 6 gt ENTER MEAS Lon 4 13 2 Saving Data While DB Grid Is Active Once DB Grid is activated press the Save key to store the current thickness reading in the Current ID location Page 4 52 Model 35 Series September 2006 910 261D LUE RI Row 0 298 0 389 0 153 Column E EIA 0 199 Header Merto esee Header 05 0 380 0 580 06 0 330 0 550 Live 0 2991 Thickness fore TT Current Location 4 13 3 Reviewing Stored Thickness Data While DB
41. asonic thickness measurements Sound Scattering In materials such as cast stainless steel cast iron fiberglass and composites sound energy will scatter from individual crystallites in the casting or boundaries of dissimilar materials within the fiberglass or composite Porosity in any material can have the same effect Gage sensitivity must be adjusted to prevent detection of these spurious scatter echoes This compensation can in turn limit the ability to dis criminate a valid return echo from the backside of the material thereby restricting measurement range Sound Attenuation or Absorption In many organic materials such as low density plastics and rubbers sound energy is attenuated very rapidly at the frequen cies used for ultrasonic gaging This attenuation typi cally increases with temperature The maximum thickness that can be measured in these materials will often be limited by attenuation Velocity Variations An ultrasonic thickness measure ment will be accurate only to the degree that material sound velocity is consistent with gage calibration Some materials exhibit significant variations in sound velocity from point to point This happens in certain cast metals Model 35 Series September 2006 910 261D due to the changes in grain structure that result from varied cooling rates and the anisotropy of sound veloc ity with respect to grain structure Fiberglass can show localized velocity variations due to cha
42. at may have occurred during shipment Notify the carrier making the delivery immediately of any damage since the carrier is normally liable for damage in shipment Preserve packing materials waybills and other shipping documentation in order to establish damage claims After notifying the carrier contact Olympus NDT so that we may assist you in the damage claims and provide replacement equipment if necessary Warranty Olympus NDT guarantees Model 35 Series Ultrasonic Gages to be free from defects in materials and workmanship for a period of two years twenty four months from date of shipment The warranty covers only equipment that has been used in a proper manner as described in this instruction manual and has not been subject to excessive abuse unauthorized repair or modification DURING THIS WARRANTY PERIOD OLYMPUS NDT LIABILITY IS STRICTLY LIMITED TO REPAIR OR REPLACEMENT OF A DEFECTIVE UNIT AT ITS OPTION Olympus NDT does not warrant Model 35 Series Ultrasonic Gages to be suitable for intended use and assumes no responsibility for unsuitability for intended use Olympus NDT accepts no liability for consequential or incidental damages including damage to property and or personal injury This warranty does not include the transducer transducer cable Model 35 Series 910 261D September 2006 charger or battery The customer will pay shipping expense to the Olympus NDT plant for warranty repair Olympus NDT will pay for the r
43. been purchased with a new 35 Page 4 32 Model 35 Series September 2006 910 261D Series gage then the optional software will already be loaded and activated on the unit When this feature is activated a waveform tab will be placed in the Setup menu See Section 4 9 for more information on using the optional Live Waveform If the Live Waveform software was purchased after the unit was initially supplied then the Waveform option must be activated using a unique license name and license name code system Each 35 Series gage will generate a unique license name To activate the internal Live Waveform feature the user must enter a valid license code Contact Panametrics NDT or our local Panametrics NDT representative to obtain a valid license code for the license name This license code is not valid for any other 35 Series unit Activate the Live Waveform software through the following procedure Step 1 Press 2ndF y SETUP Step 2 Use the key to select the License Tab Step 3 Press ENTER twice The gage displays a License Name OPTION Provide license name to surFort to obtain code LICENSE HAMESJANEOS356 LICENSE COCER hiel e Move ENTER DONe CALVEL D 1 CALZERO Ins fi ENTER gt C20NdF 1 Model 35 Series Page 4 33 910 261D September 2006 Step 4 Enter the License Code provided by Panametrics NDT using the keys and then press ENTER Step 5 Use the keys to
44. ble and Statistics Identifier Thickness Units Flags SU 001 1 091 IN MI 2 002 1 091 IN MI 2 003 1 091 IN MI 2 004 1 091 IN MI 2 005 1 091 IN MI 2 OK SU VEL uS DIFF Lo ALM HI ALM UNITS BASE MEAS SETUP 2 0 22600 0 000 0 000 25 000 In DEFMI M110 OK STATISTICS OF THK 9 MEAN 1 091 MEDIAN 1 091 RANGE 0 000 STD DEV 0 000 OF HIGH ALARM 0 OF HIGH ALARM 0 OF LOW ALARM 0 OF LOW ALARM 0 IDENTIFIER MINIMUM THK Model 35 Series Page 4 19 910 261D 001 002 003 004 005 IDENTIFIER 001 002 003 004 005 OK 091 091 091 091 091 MAXIMUM 091 1 091 091 091 1 091 September 2006 Format Sends the ID Thickness Table Setup Table and Transducer Setup Table Identifier Thickness Units Flags 001 1 091 IN MI 002 1 091 IN MI 003 1 091 IN MI 004 1 091 IN MI 005 1 091 IN MI OK SU VEL uS DIFF Lo ALM Hi ALM 2 0 22600 0 000 0 000 25 000 OK Setup Name DEFM1 M110 Probe Type M110 Material Velocity 0 22600 us Zero 220 0 Pulser Voltage 110 V Maximum Gain 55 1 dB Initial Gain 26 1 dB TVG Slope 4 97 dB us Main Bang Blank 500 15 ns Echo Window 199 50 us Mode 1 1 Detection slope Page 4 20 UNITS In NNNNNQ BASE MEAS SETUP DEFMI M110 Model 35 Series September 2006 Echo2 Detection Interface Blank 2 N A N A Mode3 Echo Blank OK 910 261D F4 Format a or Sign and Thick
45. can image and the thickness at the position of the review marker The user can move the review marker to any location on the frozen B scan 4 13 DB Grid DL Models Only The DB Grid feature allows the user to view the open data file in a Grid or Expanded Liner format 2D Grid files display the rows and columns of the grid file This allows the user to easily see the thickness data being saved to the grid file at the current position Incremental and Sequential files are displayed in an Expanded Liner format showing the last six 6 ID locations in a linear file list DB Grid B scan and the Optional Waveform are mutually exclusive features and cannot be used at the same time Turning one of these functions on will turn any of the other functions off A c 09 235 0 3501 0 1393 09 238 0 3501 0 193 a 2153 0 19 ces WITI DB Grid of a 2D Grid type File DB Grid of a 2D Grid Type File Page 4 50 Model 35 Series September 2006 910 261D THICKNESS 0 1991n DB Grid of an incremental file DB Grid of Incremental File DB Grid allows the user to easily navigate through grids by simultaneously displaying the grid positions with the current thickness reading This gives the user the ability to move in any direction on the grid file rather than following a pre set list of ID s Instead of automatically incrementing to the next ID location the user may press the ID key and use the arrow keys to move to
46. clude use of Mode 1 9 2 Transducer Selection The selection of the appropriate transducer for a given application is based on the range and resolution of the thickness measurement required the acoustic properties of the test material and part geometry Choose the best mode by experimenting with test standards representing the desired range of measurement Page 9 2 Model 35 Series September 2006 910 261D Generally the highest frequency and smallest diameter transducers that give acceptable results over the required range are recommended Small diameter transducers are easily coupled to test material and permit the thinnest couplant layer at a given contact pressure Furthermore higher frequency transducers produce echo signals of faster rise time and thereby enhance the precision of thickness measurements On the other hand the acoustic properties or surface condition of the test material may require larger low frequency transducers to overcome poor coupling or signal losses due to scattering or attenuation The Model 35 Series gages are programmed with many different internal setups for use with a wide variety of transducers Many additional custom setups may be created for special applications not measurable by any of the standard internal setups In some applications optimum performance will entail the use of more than one transducer See Chapter 7 for lists of some common transducers and typical measurement ranges For further
47. d of the Echo Window depends on the Dtect Mode and Echo Win parameters Model 35 Series Page 9 13 910 261D September 2006 as shown in Table 9 2 DtectMode 1 DtectMode 2 or 3 Echo Window At the end of Main At the end of Main Starts Bang Blank Bang Blank Echo Window EndsEchoWindow EchoWindow xpsec xusec following following the Main Bang detected interface echo Note xusec where x is the parameter set by the user Table 9 2 Echo Window In Mode 1 the Echo Window may usually be set to any value greater than the round trip pulse transit time in the thickest or slowest piece of material to be measured The exact setting is not critical as long as it is long enough to include the farthest echo of interest In Modes 2 and 3 the Echo Window is limited to the time interval between successive interface echoes The end of the Echo Window must be set ahead of the second interface echo to prevent detection of that echo which in turn will determine a maximum measurable thickness for Mode 2 and Mode 3 setups In applications involving Mode 2 and Mode 3 immersion measurements this condition must apply throughout the range of water paths to be used 9 7 6 Detect Mode The Detect Mode function selects Mode 1 Mode 2 or Mode 3 measurements See Table 9 2 for further explanation Page 9 14 Model 35 Series September 2006 910 261D 9 7 7 Echo 1 Detect Echo 2 Detect Echo 1 Detect and Echo 2 Detect select posi
48. d the stored value will be deleted When deleting a range of ID s in a sequential or 2 D grid file only the thickness values will be deleted The ID structure will remain Model 35 Series Page 5 19 910 261D September 2006 Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5 Step 6 Step 7 Step 8 Step 9 Press 2nd F 4 FILE to go to the File Tabs Press gt to scroll to the Delete tab Press y to enter the Delete tab Press or to select ID Range Press ly to select the starting ID Use to edit the Start ID using the A y 4 editing function keys Press ENTER Press to edit the End ID number using the 4 7 gt editing function keys Press ENTER Use 4 or to choose Delete or Cancel Press ENTER Press MEAS to return to Measurement Mode SEND J DELETE STATS START ID END ID DELETE CANCEL Delete all IDs in a file or current file ID ranse gt ENTER 5 8 2 Delete Selected File Step 1 Press 214 F 4 FILE to go to the File Tabs Page 5 20 Model 35 Series September 2006 910 261D Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5 Step 6 Step 7 Step 8 Step 9 Press to scroll to the Delete tab Press ly to enter the Delete tab Press 4 or to select Delete File Press ENTER Press 4 or y to highlight the file Press ENTER to select the file for deletion Use or 9
49. e keypad shortcut To activate Quick Setup Step 1 Press 2ndF y Setup to display the setup tabs Step 2 Use the y key to highlight the MEAS tab Step 3 Press the 4 or v to scroll to Quick Setup Model 35 Series Page 4 11 910 261D September 2006 Step 4 Press the 4 or to choose On or Off Step 5 Press MEAS RESET Once Quick Setup is activated Press ENTER 4 to recall the first user defined transducer setup Press ENTER gt to recall the second user defined transducer setup Press ENTER y to recall the third user defined transducer setup Press ENTER to recall the fourth user defined transducer setup 4 3 10 ID Overwrite Model 35DL and 35DLHP Only ID Overwrite allows the user to lock ID locations so that once thickness reading is saved at the ID location users will be prompted with a message asking if they wish to overwrite the stored thickness value when attempting to overwrite stored readings To activate ID Overwrite Step 1 Press 2ndF Setup to display the setup tabs Step 2 Use the 4 keys to highlight the MEAS tab Step 3 Use the y key to highlight ID Overwrite and 4 gt to select between Off and On Step 4 Press MEAS to return to the Measure Mode Page 4 12 Model 35 Series September 2006 910 261D 4 4 System Setup The System Setup menu allows the user to turn on off many Model 35 Series gage configurat
50. e inserted into or appended to 2D Grid files If the user adds an additional ID location in a grid file the Row and Column cell is displayed in reverse video indicating that there are additional ID s stored at the current Row and Column locations Inserted points in incremental or sequential files are shown as added ID s in the current file list 09 235 0 3501 0 153 0 298 0 3501 0 122 9 550 a 5860 0 350 0 550 x IN 105 cos CU TT TT To view the inserted or appended ID location in a file enter the ID Review screen by pressing 274 ID Use the A y gt keys to highlight the reverse video cell Press ENTER The grid will be displayed in an Expanded Linear format and the inserted ID can be viewed Press Enter again to switch back to the normal DB Gird view THICKNESS Inserted IN IDs essa LIII TI Model 35 Series Page 4 55 910 261D September 2006 Page 4 56 Model 35 Series September 2006 910 261D 5 DATALOGGER and Data Transmission for Models 35DL and 35DLHP Two important features of the Model 35DL and 35DLHP are the internal datalogger and USB communication The operation of the datalogger and data transmission are described in this section Topics include e Datalogger Overview e Organizing the Datalogger e Creating Data Files e Opening a File e Saving Data e Using ID Review Mode e Using ID Edit Mode Deleting
51. ed The unit displays the thickness and the location of the minimum Pressing 4 and gt moves the Review Marker to the left or the right of the scan During review the gage always displays the thickness at the Review Marker location Tip Set the B scan to Freeze Min if you wishes to recall the Minimum thickness to the center of the B scan screen even if the minimum value moved off the B scan screen Page 4 48 Model 35 Series September 2006 910 261D pr Bscan Review 0 199 n Marker Fim Tm Roi Location Thickness at Bscan marker B scan Review Screen 4 12 3 Saving B scan to the Internal Datalogger DL Mod els Only B scan images can be saved to the internal datalogger and recalled to the screen or uploaded to the optional GageView interface program Only one thickness value is saved with the B scan image This value can be the current thickness minimum thickness or the thickness at the Review Marker on a frozen B scan The Datalogger can store a maximum of 350 B scan images To save the B scan image to the internal datalogger Step 1 In the B scan setup tab set the Save Key option to THK B scan Step 2 Press the Save key A Pressing the Save key while the B scan is live currently scrolling saves the B scan image and the thickness at Model 35 Series Page 4 49 910 261D September 2006 the current update position B Pressing the Save key on a frozen B scan saves the B s
52. el Press ENTER Press ENTER again to view the next screen REPORT ONE SELECT FILE HONAMEDO 81 01 04 Rerort all IDs in a file or current file ID ranse ENTER B DELETE SELECT FILER HONAMEDO ait REPORT CANCEL to select entry then ENTER when done 8 ENTER C 2hdF 21 Model 35 Series September 2006 910 261D 5 10 2 Statistics Report for a Range of ID s in a File Use the following procedure to read statistics for a range of ID s in a file Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5 Step 6 Step 7 Step 8 Step 9 Press 22d F 4 FILE to go to the File tabs Press gt to scroll to the Stats tab Press ly to enter the Stats tab From Report On press 4 or to select Report on ID Range Press ENTER Use 2 to edit Start ID using the Ay gt editing function keys Press ENTER Use gt to edit the ID using the A y gt editing function keys Press ENTER Use or gt to choose Report or Cancel Press ENTER Press ENTER again to view the next screen Model 35 Series Page 5 27 910 261D September 2006 DELETE REPORT ONE START ID END ID REPORT CANCEL Rerort all IDs in a file or current file ID range 4 lt gt ENTER Tr yl DELETE STATS EXIT REPEAT to select button then ENTER or L z ENTER DELETE STATS E o AA 9 00
53. ents Measurements at elevated temperatures higher than approximately 125 F or 50 C represent a special category Standard contact transducers will be damaged or destroyed by exposure to temperatures higher than this limit because of the varying thermal expansion coefficients of the materials used to construct them which will cause disbonding at elevated temperatures Contact transducers should never be used on a surface that is too hot to comfortably touch with bare fingers High temperature measurements with the Model 35 will always be done in Mode 2 or Mode 3 with either a delay line transducer using an appropriate high temperature delay line or an Model 35 Series Page 9 9 910 261D September 2006 immersion transducer Consult the company for further information on specific transducer selection Sound velocity in all materials changes with temperature normally increasing as the material gets colder and decreasing as it gets hotter with abrupt changes at freezing or melting points This effect is much greater in plastics and rubber than it is in metals or ceramics For maximum accuracy the gage sound velocity setting should be calibrated at the same temperature at which measurements will be made Measurement of hot materials with a gage set to room temperature sound velocity will often lead to significant error Finally at temperatures greater than approximately 200 F or 100 C special high temperature couplants are recommended
54. er it is not completely waterproof Therefore the unit should never be immersed in any fluid The case keypad and display window may be cleaned with a damp cloth and mild detergent if necessary Do not use strong solvents or abrasives 10 2 Transducers The ultrasonic transducers or probes used with the Model 35 Series are rugged devices that need little care They are not indestructible however and a little attention to the following items will result in the longest transducer life The cables can be damaged by cutting pinching or pulling Care must be taken to prevent mechanical abuse to the cables Never leave a transducer where a heavy object can be placed on the cable Never remove a transducer from the gage by pulling on the cable Pull on the molded connector housing only Never tie a knot in a transducer cable Do not twist or pull the cable at the point where it connects to the transducer These precautions are particularly important for all transducers other than the models that have field replaceable cables Model 35 Series Page 10 1 910 261D September 2006 Transducer performance will be degraded by excessive wear at the tip To minimize wear do not scrape or drag the transducer across rough surfaces When a transducer tip becomes too rough concave or otherwise non flat operation may become erratic or impossible Although some wear is normal in corrosion gaging applications severe wear will limit transducer life
55. er at the cursor position do the following Press CAL ZERO The character at the cursor and all those to the right move one position to the right making a space for a new character To delete the character at the cursor position do the following Press CAL VELI The character at the cursor is deleted and any characters to the right moves left one position to fill in the empty space 5 3 2 Create Files From a Computer Using GageView See the GageView Interface Program Instruction Manual 5 3 3 Create Files from the Model 35DL To create files from the Model 35DL and 35DLHP follow these steps Step 1 Press 2 4F J FILE The File Tab menu opens Step 2 Press and to highlight the Create option Step 3 Press v 5 3 3 4 Incremental After a starting ID number up to 10 alphanumeric characters has been entered the gage automatically increments to the subsequent ID numbers using the following incrementing rules Page 5 6 Model 35 Series September 2006 910 261D Only that portion of an ID number consisting of digits and letters no punctuation marks beginning with the right most character and extending leftward to the first punctuation mark or to the left most character whichever is first can increment Digits are cycled 0 1 2 9 The 9 to 0 transition is done only after incrementing the character to the left Letters are cycled A B C Z A etc The Z to A transition is done only a
56. er the first or last character of the ID number 5 3 Creating Data Files You can create data files for the Model 35DL and 35DLHP datalogger from within the gage Throughout this section there are references to the use of the Model 35DL and 35DLHP Standard Editing Commands These commands are described in the section below 5 3 1 Standard Editing Commands To enter a character or a symbol at any character location follow these steps Step 1 Press 4 or y to select a letter number or punctuation mark Step 2 Press and quickly release a slewing key to change the character by one value Hold down an arrow key to continuously cycle through the letters numbers and punctuation marks until the desired character is displayed The 4 key moves forward from A to Z then blank 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 A and so forth The v key moves backward from 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Z to A blank and so forth After selecting an alpha character press or to move the cursor position to another character Page 5 4 Model 35 Series September 2006 910 261D J K L M G 0 fe 0 D chi R BeginatA with alphabetic character U Character 0 Cycle 1 X 2 Y 3 7 IN 5 6 7 Begin at with 85 y numeric i Figure 5 1 Organization of Character Cycle Model 35 Series Page 5 5 910 261D September 2006 To insert a charact
57. er versions only in the gage internal datalogger in order to review them later or download them to a computer GageView or printer at a later time A maximum of 350 B scan images can be stored to the internal datalogger Page 4 44 Model 35 Series September 2006 910 261D Di 0 198 4 I LIS The follow are definitions of the available B Scan options and parameters Enable Allows the user to turn the function On or Off B Scan Direction Determines the direction in which data is updated or drawn on the screen Choose the B Scan direction based on the direction of transducer movement Left to right Causes the data to start at the right of the screen and scroll to the left and produces a B Scan that is properly orientated based on transducer movement Right to left Causes the data to start at the left of the screen and scroll to the right and produces a B Scan that is properly orientated based on transducer movement Save Key Determines what gets saved when the Save key is pressed Saving B scan images can only be done with the Datalogger version DL of the gages THK ONLY Will save only the current thickness reading when the Save key is pressed THK B scan Will Save the Thickness and the B scan image Model 35 Series Page 4 45 910 261D September 2006 when the Save key is pressed B Scan Freeze Mode Determines which thickness readings are displayed when the FREEZE key is pressed during a scan e Sh
58. etup Models 35DL 35DLHP Only The clock is used to set the internal date and time for the Model 35DL and 35DLHP so that a time date stamp indicating when data was last stored in a file can be given to a data file To set the internal date and clock Step 1 Press 2ndF y Setup to display the setup tabs Step 2 Use the amp keys to highlight the Clock tab Step3 Use the y key to highlight Hour and amp to set the hour Step4 Press the y key to highlight Minute and use the keys to set the minute Step 5 Press the y key to highlight Year and use the 4 gt Page 4 40 Model 35 Series September 2006 910 261D keys to set the year Step 6 Press the y key to highlight Month and use the 4 keys to set the month Step 7 Press the y key to highlight Day and use the 4 gt keys to set the day Step 8 Press the y key to highlight Set Cancel and use the gt keys to select Set or Cancel Step 9 Press Enter when Set is highlighted to set the clock and then press MEAS to return to the Measure Mode 4 11 Resets Resets restore Model 35 Series operating software to factory default settings Three resets can be performed Measurement Master and Database Model 35DL and 35DLHP only 4 11 1 Measurement Reset Measurement Reset resets the measurement parameters to their default values The parameters that are reset and their reset v
59. eturn of the repaired equipment For instruments not under warranty the customer will pay shipping expenses both ways Olympus NDT offers an optional third year warranty coverage at an additional cost under the same terms at the time of purchase Olympus NDT reserves the right to modify all products without incurring responsibility for modifying previously manufactured products Olympus NDT does not assume liability for the results of particular installations as these circumstances are not within our control Model 35 Series September 2006 910 261D 1 GENERAL INFORMATION The Panametrics NDT 35 Series of hand held ultrasonic thickness gages includes precision microprocessor based instruments that use pulse echo techniques to measure material thickness when both sides of the test material are not easily accessible Four 35 Series models described in this manual include Model 35 Basic precision thickness gage using transducers in the frequency range of 2 25 30 0 MHz Model 35DL Thickness gage with file based alphanumeric Datalogger using transducers in the frequency range of 2 25 30 0 MHz Model 35HP Basic high penetration precision thickness gage using transducers in the frequency range of 0 5 5 0 MHz Model 35DLHP Precision high penetration precision thickness gage with file based alphanumeric Datalogger gage using transducers in the frequency range of 0 5 5 0 MHz The gages also measure sound veloci
60. eys to enter the known thickness and then press MEAS Step2 Couple to the sample The calculated velocity will be displayed Note When coupling to samples with the same mechanical thickness it is not necessary to re enter the Reference Thickness A new reference thickness must be enter when the mechanical thickness of the material to be tested changes Page 3 12 Model 35 Series September 2006 910 261D The company offers a digital caliper that can be used to measure mechanical thickness and automatically input the Reference Thickness directly into the gages To use the digital caliper the 35 Series Gage requires an optional RS 232 communication port a special digital caliper and a communication cable For more information please contact the company 3 5 2 Optional HPV C Digital Caliper Step 1 Cable Connection Remove the RS 232 environmental plug from the caliper located in the RS 232 port above the Fowler Sylvac label Step 2 Insert the HPV CC cable into the caliper s RS 232 slot with the words OPTO RS232 facing down Step 3 Plug the other end of the 35HPV CC cable into the optional RS 232 port of the 35 Series gage Step 4 When setting up the Units on the HPV C digital caliper press the Set Button or Mode Button to turn ON the digital caliper To turn OFF the caliper press and hold the Set Button for two 2 seconds Step 5 Press the Mode Button SET displays active for three 3 seconds
61. f Signal readings are ignored in the average calculation Output 0 092 lt CR gt lt LF gt Format 0 095 lt CR gt lt LF gt 0 097 lt CR gt lt LF gt 0 093 lt CR gt lt LF gt 0 091 lt CR gt lt LF gt 0 095 lt CR gt lt LF gt 0 090 lt CR gt lt LF gt 0 092 lt CR gt lt LF gt To change the continuous output mode for 35DLand 35DLHP and optional RS 232 output Model 35 Series Page 4 25 910 261D September 2006 Step 1 Press EJ y Setup to display the setup tabs Step 2 Use the amp keys to highlight the Communication tab Step 3 Use the y key to highlight CONT OUTPUT and gt to select among OFF 5 SEC AVG and 10 SEC AVG Step 4 Press MEAS to return to Measure Mode 4 6 Normal Differential and Reduction Rate Diff Mode Differential Diff Mode allows the user to set a differential set point When Diff Mode is activated the gage displays the difference between the Diff set point and the actual thickness value The gage displays a D to indicate that Diff Mode is active HNONAMEDO D Mi 16Hz Reduction Rate Diff Mode is used metal bending or applications which the user needs to track the percentage of wall thinning that has occurred during a metal bending process The user enters the original wall thickness in the gage which then displays the actual thickness Page 4 26 Model 35 Series September 2006 910 2
62. faces of the test piece are smooth If the contact surface is rough then the minimum thickness that can be measured will be increased because of sound reverberating in the increased thickness of the couplant layer Additionally if either test piece surface is rough it may cause distortion in the returning echo due to the slightly different multiple sound paths seen by the transducer resulting in measurement inaccuracies 3 Coupling Technique In Mode 1 contact transducer measurements the couplant layer thickness is part of the measurement and is compensated by a portion of the zero offset If maximum accuracy is to be achieved then the Page 9 4 Model 35 Series September 2006 910 261D coupling technique must be consistent In order to accomplish consistent measurements use a couplant of reasonably low viscosity employ only enough couplant to achieve a reasonable reading and apply the transducer with uniform pressure Practice will show the degree of moderate to firm pressure that produces repeatable readings In general smaller diameter transducers require less coupling force to squeeze out the excess couplant than larger diameter transducers In all modes tilting the transducer distorts echoes and causes inaccurate readings as noted below 4 Curvature of the Test Piece A related issue to this section involves the alignment of the transducer with respect to the test piece When measuring on curved surfaces it is importan
63. fter incrementing the character to the left In either case if there is no character to the left or if the character to the left is a punctuation mark then the ID number cannot increment If an ID number cannot increment after a reading is saved a long error beep sounds and the momentary message CANNOT INCREMENT is shown on the display Note To make the gage increment through a range of numbers several digits wide while beginning with a single digit ID number the maximum number of digit positions must be entered initially using leading zeroes Some examples of automatically generated incremented ID number series include Table 5 1 Five Examples of Automatically Generated Incremented ID Number Series 1 Initial 1 Limit 9 N Model 35 Series Page 5 7 910 261D September 2006 Table 5 1 Five Examples of Automatically Generated Incremented ID Number Series 2 Initial ABC ABD ABE ABZ ACA ACB Limit ZZZ 3 Initial ABC 12 34 ABC 12 35 ABC 12 36 Limit ABC 12 99 4 Initial 001 002 003 009 010 Limit 999 Page 5 8 Model 35 Series September 2006 910 261D Table 5 1 Five Examples of Automatically Generated Incremented ID Number Series Initial 1 Limit 97 Model 35 Series Page 5 9 910 261D September 2006 To create an Incremental File follow these steps Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5 Step 6 Step 7 Step
64. g up on transducer noise or other spurious signals If it is set too low returning echoes may not be boosted high enough for detection In general for a given application the Max Gain should be set high enough that all echoes of interest are detected but a steady LOS prompt is displayed when the transducer is not coupled to a test piece 9 7 3 Initial Gain Initial Gain and TDG Slope are part of a Time Dependent Gain system that may be used to optimize near surface resolution while providing a higher maximum gain for thicker samples Initial Gain may be adjusted from 0 dB to the maximum defined by the Max Gain setting This parameter sets an upper limit on receiver gain in the vicinity of the excitation pulse Mode 1 or interface echo Modes 2 and 3 By effectively making the excitation pulse or interface echo smaller the TDG system permits detection of echoes occurring close to pulse or echo in time The TDG system is also used in measurements of highly scattering materials such as cast metals and fiberglass to minimize detection of scatter echoes occurring ahead of the backwall From the initial gain level receiver gain slopes up to the maximum gain level at the rate determined by the TDG Slope setting Initial Gain setting is most critical in applications where minimum thickness measurement must be optimized and should always be set with the aid of a reference standard representing that minimum In cases where Page 9 12 Model 35 Series
65. gage Step 1 Select a transducer for the desired application and connect it to the gage Note To determine an appropriate transducer please refer to Section 7 1 Use the table as a guideline only exact thick ness ranges will vary depending on the application Step 2 While the gage is in the Measure mode press 2nd F RECALL SETUP Page 3 2 Model 35 Series September 2006 910 261D The following screen appears SELECT RECAL lt DEFMS Mz 82 gt to select 2ndF to to active or user setups J ENTER MEAS SAVE Step 3 Use the 4 or v keys to scroll through the available stored setups until the correct setup for the application is highlighted Note During the time that the list of transducer setups is dis played pressing 2nd F y will jump to the first custom transducer setup and pressing 2nd F 4 will jump to the first default transducer setup Step 4 Once the correct setup is highlighted press MEAS This action automatically recalls the setup parameters for the chosen setup and brings the user back to the measure screen Begin taking measurements Model 35 Series Page 3 3 910 261D September 2006 Available SETUP choices include Table 3 1 35 and 35DL ACTIVE DEFMI M116 DEFM1 M112 DEFM1 M110 DEFMI M106 DEFMI M109 DEFMI M1016 DEFMI M1036 DEFM3 M208 DEF2P M208 DEFM3 M202 DEFM2 M202 DEFP2 M2
66. gage displays the Save Recall Setup screen Page 4 38 Model 35 Series September 2006 Step 4 Step 5 Step 6 Step 7 Step 8 910 261D SAVE RECALL SU sei IMEFMI MiI1Z Mz az USER 16 t 5el Move ENTER Done CRLUEL Del CALZERO Ins t e ENTER C2endF 1 Use the gt v A keys to edit enter a new file name Press ENTER Use the y keys to select a location in which to store the file and press ENTER Note that locations labeled Userl through UserXX are blank locations If you chose location that has a setup already stored in it the old setup will be overwritten SAVE RECALL SAVE AS to select entry Then Press ENTER C2ndF 1 Press ENTER while SAVE is highlighted to save the custom transducer setup or use the lt keys to highlight CANCEL and press ENTER to cancel the setup save Press MEAS to return to Measurement Mode Model 35 Series Page 4 39 910 261D September 2006 4 9 3 35PCScope 35PCScope is an optional interface program that allows the user to view the live waveform and transducer setup parameters for all 35 Series gages This program allows the user to View live waveforms and make transducer setup adjustments Upload down load custom transducers setups Print the waveform screen Save recall waveform screens For more information concerning 35PCScope contact the company 4 10 Clock S
67. gative side In such cases set Echo 2 positive 9 7 8 Interface Blank Use Interface Blank in Modes 2 and 3 only Interface Blank represents Model 35 Series Page 9 15 910 261D September 2006 a blank or dead zone up to twenty 20 microseconds in length that follows the leading edge of the interface echo In Mode 2 the Interface Blank prevents detection of trailing lobes or cycles of the interface echo which might otherwise be detected as backwall echoes resulting in a hang up condition The Interface Blank should be set as short as possible to avoid unnecessarily restricting minimum measurable thickness The Initial Gain function will often help reduce interface echo amplitude and permit use of a shorter interface blank Check Interface Blank settings with the transducer both coupled to and uncoupled from the test material In Mode 3 the Interface Blank selects which pair of backwall echoes will be measured In most conditions the Interface Blank would be set just short of the first backwall echo However as a practical matter the first backwall echo from thin materials is often distorted or lost in the interface ringdown and with some challenging geometries such as tight radii later pairs of backwall echoes may be cleaner than early ones In these cases the Interface Blank should be set to a length that insures detection of a clean and well defined pair of backwall echoes even if they are not the first two 9 7 9 Mode 3 Echo Bl
68. he gage is now ready to make measurements based on the default settings and the included test block Page 2 2 Model 35 Series September 2006 910 261D 2 2 Making Measurements Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Note Apply couplant to the test block or material at the spot to be measured In general the smoother the material surface the thinner the couplant may be Rough surfaces require more viscous couplant such as gel or grease Special couplants are required for high temperature applications Press the tip of the transducer to the surface of the material to be measured Use moderate to firm pressure and keep the transducer as flat as possible on the material surface Read the material thickness on the gage display For highest accuracy both a velocity and zero calibration must be done 2 3 Low Battery The gage will operate for at least 150 hours on one set of three 3 AA alkaline batteries under normal conditions not in FAST mode and with backlight off The battery symbol in the bottom right corner of the display indicates remaining battery life Model 35 Series Page 2 3 910 261CD September 2006 Page 2 4 Model 35 Series September 2006 910 261D 3 CALIBRATION AND MEASUREMENT 3 1 Measurement Mode Selection Thickness Velocity or Time of Flight The 35 Series ultrasonic gages can operate in either a Velocity Thickness or Time of Flight mode In Thickness mode which is the default measurement mode the
69. he optional 35PCScope program for viewing and adjusting transducer setups To activating Transducer Setup Adjust Mode Step 1 Make sure that the proper default transducer or custom transducer setup has been recalled Refer to section 3 2 for information concerning recalling stored transducer setups Step 2 Press 2ndF Setup Recall and press Enter Step 3 Press 2ndF again to enter Transducer Adjust Mode Step 4 Press y or 4 to select the transducer setup parameter and press to adjust the value Note A complete list of setup parameters and their definitions appears in Chapter 9 to make selection Then ENTER or SAVE e ENTER SAVE Model 35 Series Page 4 37 910 261D September 2006 0 1921 fabes Note When in Setup Adjust Mode with live waveform range and delay parameters are displayed in the Setup Param eter list 4 9 2 Saving Custom Transducer Setups Once the proper adjustments are made you can store the settings as a custom transducer setup file The 35 Series gages can store multiple setups in its internal memory The 35 and 35HP can store 10 custom transducer setup files The 35DL and 3DLHP can store 20 custom transducer setup files To save setup parameters follow these steps Step 1 Make the appropriate changes to the setup parameters Step 2 Press 27 F amp RECALL SETUP Step 3 Press SAVE The
70. he screen to the TESTS tab Step 2 Press the ly arrow to select KEYPAD TEST and then press ENTER or 2ndF 4 to abort the test Determine visually that the keypad keys are functional Step 3 Press ENTER to Exit to the TESTS screen 10 6 2 VIDEO TEST The Video test tests to assure that pixel locations are functional Non functional pixel locations display in white when the VIDEO test is run To test the video display use the following procedure Step 1 From the Main screen press 2ndF y and use the arrow to move across the top of the screen to the TESTS tab Step 2 Press the ly arrow to select VIDEO TEST and then press ENTER or 2ndF 4 to abort the test Determine visually that video pixels are functional by observing if white spots occur in the screen test display Step 3 Press ENTER to Exit to the TESTS screen 10 7 Repair Service The company will repair any Model 35 gage at its Waltham Massachusetts USA factory In addition some local Panametrics NDT dealers can perform repairs Model 35 Series Page 10 5 910 261D September 2006 10 8 Replacement Parts And Optional Parts And Equipment Replacement parts for the Model 35 Series as well as additional related equipment are available from the company Page 10 6 Model 35 Series September 2006 910 261D APPENDIX I SOUND VELOCITIES The following table presents a tabulation of the ultrasonic velocity in a variety of common materials It is
71. ht is turned on it will stay on while a thickness measurement is being displayed and automatically turn off five 5 seconds after a LOS Loss of Signal has occurred To Change Backlight Mode Step 1 Press 2ndF y Setup to display the setup tabs Model 35 Series Page 4 15 910 261D September 2006 Step 2 Use the gt keys to highlight the System tab Step 3 Use the y key to highlight Backlight Mode and 4 to select between Normal and Auto Step 4 Press MEAS to return to the Measure Mode 4 4 6 Save Key Function The Save key on the 35DL and 35DLHP units can be programmed to initiate a Save or Send function When the Save key is set to SAVE pressing the SAVE key will save the current thickness reading to the internal datalogger When the Save key is set to SEND pressing the SAVE key will send the reading through the optional RS 232 port Note The 35DL and 35DLHP cannot single send thickness data through the USB port The ability to program the Save key is helpful when using the optional RS 232 output or the remote foot switch options Pressing the remote foot switch acts in the same way as pressing the Save key so that programming the Save key function allows the remote foot switch to initiate a Save or Send function To change the Save key function Step 1 Press 2ndF y Setup to display the setup tabs Step 2 Use the keys to highlight the System tab Ste
72. ile the other dimension value stays constant At this Page 5 12 Model 35 Series September 2006 910 261D point the other dimension increments from its first to its last value This continues until the ID number that refers to the last column and last row is reached Note Either the columns or the rows can be selected to incre ment first Refer to the following figure FIRST ROW LAST ROW 6 LAST ROW 5 LAST ROW 4 LAST ROW 3 LAST ROW 2 LAST ROW 1 LAST ROW TEE TEE Figure 2 General Grid Database Model 35 Series Page 5 13 910 261D September 2006 Howisa grid used A grid structure may associate one dimension of the grid for example the columns with the physical parts whose wall thickness is to be measured The particular measurement points on each part are then associated with the other dimension of the grid that is the rows Alternatively the rows and columns of a grid may refer to a two dimensional map of measurement points on the surface of one part In this case a different grid is made for each part To create a 2 D Grid file follow these steps Step 1 Press pe EJA File to display the File Tabs Step 2 Use the and keys to select the Create Tab Step 3 Use the y key to highlight the file name Press to enter a file name using the 4 gt editing function Press ENTER Step 4 Use the lt 4 and keys to select
73. ill display flag for reduction rates that are greater than or equal to the Red Alarm high Page 4 30 Model 35 Series September 2006 910 261D Y flag for reduction rates that are between the Yellow Alarm low and Red Alarm high set points flag for reduction rates that are less than the Yellow Alarm low set point NONAMEOA H G Mi MAX REDUCTION 1 5 0 295 NONAMESS H Y EEN REDUCTION 33 77 0 199 Model 35 Series Page 4 31 910 261D September 2006 HNONAMESO H R Mi MAX 001 REDUCTION 66 8 0 102 To activate the High Low Alarm when Reduction Rate is active Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5 Step 6 Step 7 4 8 Press 2ndF y Setup to display the setup tabs Use the keys to highlight the Alarm tab Use the y key to highlight Enable and 4 gt to select On or Off Press the ly key to Red Alarm high and use the key and the 4 4 gt keys to edit the alarm value set point Press ENTER Press the key to highlight Yellow Alarm low and use the y 4 keys to edit to the alarm set point Press MEAS to return to the Measure Mode Activating Waveform Option An optional Live Waveform can be added to any of the 35 Series gages If the Live Waveform option has
74. ion grid DATALOGGER Save Reading at ID FEATURES Review Stored Contents of Data Frase a File Move to specific ID s in a file Communications with USB 2 0 Full Speed Environmental IP 65 Compliant Tested to IP 65 Gasket sealed case protected against water and dust ingress Impact resistant Model 35 Series Page 6 7 910 261D September 2006 Page 6 8 Model 35 Series September 2006 910 261D 7 APPLICATION SETUPS Application Setups are sets of stored configurations of the gage parameters for various measurement applications Setups are optimized for application features such as material thickness range and required accuracy or resolution When the gage is turned on the last setup used is automatically selected and the gage is ready to make similar measurements If the application has changed choose an Application Setup name based on the new application Model 35 and 35DL Application Setup Name Application Setup Name Probe Type DEFMI MIT6 MITO teel 0 020 1 5 0 500 38 imm Plastic 0 010 min 0 25 mm min DEFMI MIT2 MIIZ Steel 0 030 I0 0 75 254 imm Plastic 0 010 min 0 25 mm min DEFMI MIIO MITO Steel 0 040 15 1 00 380 mm Plastic 0 025 min 0 6 mm min Model 35 Series Page 7 1 910 261D September 2006 DEFMI M109 109 Steel 0 050 20 1 25 508 imm Plastic 0 025 min
75. ions Features include Beeper nactive Time Language Radix Backlight Mode Save Key Function File Mode 4 4 1 Beeper Beeper allows the user to turn the audio beeper of the Model 35 Series gages on and off The Beeper is set to On by default and will generate an audio beep when any key is pressed or when an alarm condition has been detected Step 1 Press 2ndF y KSetup to display the setup tabs Step 2 Use the keys to highlight the System tab Step3 Use the key to highlight Beeper and 4 gt 1 select between Off and On Step 4 Press MEAS to return to the Measure Mode Model 35 Series Page 4 13 910 261D September 2006 4 4 2 Inactive Time Inactive Time allows the user to set the Auto Power Off feature to either On or Off When Inactive Time is set to On the Model 35 Series gage powers off after approximately six 6 minutes during which no thickness measurements or key presses have occurred When Inactive Time is set to Off the Model 35 Series unit remains powered up until the user turns the unit Off or the battery voltage becomes low To change Inactive Time Step 1 Press 2ndF y Setup to display the setup tabs Step 2 Use the keys to highlight the System tab Step 3 Use the ly key to highlight Inactive Time and to select between Off and On Step 4 Press MEAS to return to the Measure Mode 4 4 3 Language The default la
76. ith the material and the first thickness reading is displayed The B scan will continue to draw while displaying the live thickness at the transducer location until one of the following events occurs The gage encounters a LOS condition Loss of Signal no thickness value When an LOS occurs the B scan stops updating and will start up again if a new thickness reading is acquired A vertical blank line will be inserted into the B scan image to indicate that a LOS condition has occurred The user presses the Freeze key and stops the B scan update The gage will either recall the minimum thickness Freeze Min or freeze at the current location Freeze Current This will also display the B scan Review screen The user can use the gt keys to review the thickness readings on the frozen B scan A triangle marks the location of the minimum thickness in the B scan The user presses the MEAS key The B scan is reset and blanked out allowing the user to start another scan Model 35 Series Page 4 47 910 261D September 2006 LOS Location Live B scan Screen 4 12 2 B scan Freeze Freezing the B scan allows the user to review all the thickness values of the current B scan When the FREEZE key is pressed a vertical line Review Marker appears to indicate the location of the displayed thickness This is either the Minimum or Current thickness location of the B scan depending on the Freeze option select
77. ixed at 1 To change the communication settings Step 1 Press 2ndF y Setup to display the setup tabs Step 2 Use the gt keys to highlight the Comm tab Step 3 Use the y key to highlight the parameter and 4 gt to select settings Step 4 Press MEAS to return to the Measure Mode 4 5 4 Continuous Output Optional RS 232 Out put Only The 35DL and 35DLHP can send continuous thickness data via the optional RS 232 port This allows the 35DL and 35DLHP to be integrated into custom systems that require the continuous monitoring of thickness readings Continuous Output Configuration OFF Continuous output is turned off Page 4 24 Model 35 Series September 2006 910 261D Continuous Output Configuration ON Continuous thickness at the measurement update rate selectable in Measure tab 4 8 16 or Max approximately 20 Hz 5 SEC Average thickness reading every five 5 seconds AVG The output is the average of every thickness value since the last output interval approximately 100 readings Data is collected at the maximum measure rate approximately 20 Hz LOS Loss of Signal readings are ignored in the average calculation 10 SEC Average thickness reading every ten 10 seconds AVG The output is the average of every thickness value since the last output interval approximately 200 readings Data is collected at the maximum measure rate approximately 20 Hz LOS Loss o
78. l files Press ENTER to select the file Use or gt to choose Open or Cancel Press ENTER Model 35 Series Page 5 15 910 261D September 2006 SELECT FILE HONAMEDO 01701704 CANCEL to select entry then ENTER when done gt ENTER C2ndF 1 Lon 5 5 Saving Data To store displayed thickness values the datalogger press SAVE appropriate calibration and setup parameters are also stored simultaneously If a measurement is already stored at the current ID number pressing SA VE overwrites the old thickness reading with the current thickness reading unless ID Overwrite Protection is enabled in Meas Setup If you do not want to save a measurement at a specific ID press SAVE while no measurement is taken The gage will store an LOS condition and at the specific ID number To save a thickness reading do the following While the thickness value is being displayed press SAVE An audible beep indicates that the reading is saved The displayed thickness value and setup information is stored at the current ID number in the current file If the thickness display is blank when SAVE is pressed then issavedin place of a value Note When saving data with the optional Live Waveform you must select Save Thickness and Waveform in the Wave form Setup tab to save the waveform with thickness If Page 5 16 Model 35 Series September 2006 910 261D the Save key is se
79. leting the file or any of the 10 in the file This feature is useful for applications that require the user to store and download data repeatedly using the same exact file format The user can save the data in the file download it and quickly clear the file and start again When using this function it is not necessary to build a new file each time To quickly clear the content of the active file Step 1 Press 2 and press and hold the 4 FILE key The File Clear screen will be displayed Model 35 Series Page 5 23 910 261D September 2006 FILE CLEAR clear all IDs in current file Press 5 to CANCEL ENTER MEAS Step 2 Press ENTER while Clear is highlighted to clear the data in the file or press MEAS to cancel the quick clear 5 9 Receiving Files and Using the GageView Interface Program 5 9 1 Receiving Downloading Files From a Computer Datalogger information can be downloaded from a computer into the gage This has two benefits 1 Thickness survey data previously saved with ID s and stored in a computer file may be retrieved to the gage at a later date to guide you through the measurement sequence using ID s or to compare current values with previous thickness values 2 You may create ID sequences in a computer and then download them to the gage This externally created sequence can guide you through the prescribed measurement location path The ID sequence created in the Page 5
80. liar with the basic theory of ultrasonic gaging and the interpretation of ultrasonic waveforms Many of these adjustments are interactive and all of them have an effect on the measurement range and or measurement accuracy of the Model 35 In most cases adjustments should not be attempted without monitoring waveforms via the 35PCScope option Additionally when establishing a custom setup for a specific application it is essential to verify performance on reference standards representing the material s and thickness range to be measured 9 7 1 Pulser Power Excitation pulse main bang voltage may be adjusted in three steps of 30 60 and 110 Volts Higher voltages may provide greater penetration at the expense of near surface resolution especially in Mode 1 while lower voltages may provide better near surface resolution at the expense of penetration For most applications the 110 Volt setting provides the best signal to noise ratio for returning echoes Model 35 Series Page 9 11 910 261D September 2006 9 7 2 Maximum Gain Maximum available receiver gain may be adjusted from 0 0 dB to 79 6d B The Model 35 uses Automatic Gain Control AGC and Time Dependent Gain TDG functions to automatically adjust receiver gain to an optimum level when an echo is detected When no echo is being detected LOS prompt gain will rise to the maximum level set by Initial Gain Slope and Maximum Gain If maximum gain is set too high the gage may han
81. mber 2006 memory until new minimum thickness values replace them or until the Meas key is pressed to reset the minimum When Min Mode is selected the Model 35 Series gage automatically changes to MAX update mode Max Mode displays live thickness value and recalls the maximum thickness when a LOS loss of signal occurs Live thickness values are displayed in filled in form and recalled max values are displayed in outlined form The maximum value is retained in a temporary memory until a new maximum thickness value replaces it or until the Meas key is pressed to reset the maximum When Max Mode is selected the Model 35 Series gage automatically changes to MAX MEAS Rate up to 20 Hz To select Min Max Step 1 Press 2ndF y Setup to display the setup tabs Step 2 Use the amp keys to highlight the MEAS tab Step 3 Use the key to highlight Min Max and the gt keys to select among Off Min or Max Step 4 Press MEAS to return to the Measure Mode Note The Freeze key can be used with the Min Max feature to prevent the gage from reading false signals while the transducer is being removed from the surface of the material While in Min or Max Mode scan the area of interest and then press the Freeze key Uncouple the transducer from the material and press the Freeze key again to recall Min or Max Page 4 8 Model 35 Series September 2006 910 261D 4 3 5 Hold Blank Hold Blank controls H
82. n 2 3 2 3 Low B ttery a cose eerte rre 2 3 3 Calibration Measurement eere eee eene 3 1 3 1 Measurement Mode Selection 3 1 3 2 Choosing a Default or User Defined Setup 3 2 3 3 Calibration and Measurements 3 3 1 Velocity and Zero Calibration 3 3 2 Material Sound Velocity Unknown 3 8 3 3 3 Material Sound Velocity Known 3 10 3 4 Zero Calibration eene 3 10 3 5 Calibration and Measurement Velocity Measurement Mod iaia eed et e e ERI 3 11 3 5 1 Two Point Calibration 3 11 3 5 2 Optional HPV C Digital Caliper 3 13 3 6 Calibration and Measurement Two Point 3 14 4 Additional Model 35 Gaging Features 4 1 4T Back Light epe bs 42 aint 4 3 Measurement Setup 4 3 1 Meas Option 43 2 irrita 4 3 3 Resolution iii 4 3 4 Min Max esee 4 3 5 Hold Blank seen Model 35 Series 910 261D September 2006 4 3 6 Measure 4 9 4 3 7 Averaging 4 10 4 3 8 CAL Lock 4 3 9 Quick Setup 4 3 10 ID Overwrite 4 4 System Setup 44 ec evene 4 4 2 Inactive Time AA 13 ein 4 4 4 Radix 4 4 5 Backlight Mode
83. n Max Hold Blank Measure Rate CAL Lock Beeper nactivity time Radix Backlight mode LCD Contrast adjust Resets Diagnostics Alarms Differential Mode 4 1 Back Light The display backlight feature internally illuminates the liquid crystal display with a bright uniform light This allows the display which has excellent visibility in normal to high ambient light conditions to be viewed in low to zero ambient light conditions Page 4 2 Model 35 Series September 2006 910 261D To switch Backlight On Off Model 35 and Model 35HP Press the Light Bulb key Model 35DL and 35DLHP Press 274 F Freeze LIGHT LCD Additionally when the backlight is switched on you may select a power saver Auto Backlight mode which turns the backlight on only when a reading is being made and turns it off five seconds after LOS of signal To select Auto Backlight Step 1 Press 2nd F y KSETUP Step 2 Use to select the System Tab Step3 Use the y key to highlight Backlight Mode Step 4 Use the lt and keys to change between Normal and Auto Step 5 Press MEAS to return to the measure mode with the new settings Note The next time the backlight is turned on it will function in the as set Normal mode To adjust Contrast The Contrast adjustment feature allows the Model 35 Series thickness gages to adjust the contrast light or dark of the display Model
84. n lockout function prevents accidental change to calibration or measurement mode Optional live waveform for all models Page 1 2 Model 35 Series September 2006 910 261D In addition special prompts inform the user of instrument conditions such as active transducer type and setup low battery loss of signal calibration mode alarms and differential mode Panametrics NDT gages can use a variety of broadband contact delay line and immersion transducers to permit optimum application on most engineering materials For applications assistance please consult the company or refer to Chapter 7 of this manual for a list of Default Transducer Setups and approximate thickness ranges Table 1 Model 35 Series Features 35 35HP 35DL 35DLHP Mode 1 2 3 Measure ments Transducer Frequency e e 0 050 5 0 MHz Transducer Frequency e e 2 25 30 0 MHz Application Setup Recall e e e e Thickness Display Reso e e lution to 0 0001 0 001 mm Model 35 Series Page 1 3 910 261D September 2006 Table 1 Model 35 Series Features 35 35HP 35DL 35DLHP Thickness Display Reso lution to 0 001 0 01 mm Electroluminescent Dis e e play Back Lighting Fast Measurement Rate e e e e Up to 20 per second Fast Minimum Mode e e e e Freeze Mode e e e e Display Hold Blank e e e e Inches Millimeter e e e e Low Batte
85. ness Table No ID s 1 091 1 091 1 091 1 091 1 091 F5 Format Sends the ID Thickness Table Setup Table Transducer Setup Table and Statistics Identifier 001 002 003 004 005 006 OK SU 2 OK Table continues on the following page Model 35 Ser Thickness 1 091 1 091 1 091 1 091 1 091 VEL uS 0 22600 les Units IN IN IN IN IN IN DIFF Lo ALM 0 000 0 000 Flags MI MI MI MI MI LI HI ALM 25 000 UNITS In t2 P2 JO 2 T2 F2 D BASE MEAS SETUP DEFMI M110 Page 4 21 910 261D Setup Name Probe Type Material Vel Zero Pulser Voltage Maximum Gain Initial Gain TVG Slope Main Bang Blank Echo Window Mode 1 Detection Echo2 Detection Interface Blank Mode3 Echo Blank OK Statistics OF THK MEAN MEDIAN RANGE STD DEVIATION OF HIGH ALARM OF HIGH ALARM OF LOW ALARM OF LOW ALARM IDENTIFIER OK Page 4 22 September 2006 DEFM1 M110 M110 0 22600 us 220 0 110 V 55 1 dB 26 1 dB 4 97 dB us 500 15 ns 199 50 us 1 slope N A N A N A 5 1 091 1 091 0 000 0 000 0 0 0 0 MINIMUM 1 091 1 091 1 091 1 091 1 091 MAXIMUM 1 091 1 091 1 091 1 091 1 091 Model 35 Series September 2006 910 261D F6 Format Used with the Reduction Rate function to output both the thickness and the Reduction Rate along with an alarm indicator
86. nges in the resin fiber ratio Many plastics and rubbers show a rapid change in sound velocity with temperature requiring that velocity calibration be performed at the temperature where measurements are made 7 Phase Reversal or Phase Distortion The phase or polarity of a returning echo is determined by the relative acoustic impedances density x velocity of the boundary materials The Model 35 Series assumes the customary situation where the test piece is backed by air or a liquid both of which have a lower acoustic impedance than metals ceramics or plastics However in some specialized cases such as measurement of glass or plastic liners over metal or copper cladding over steel this impedance relationship is reversed and the echo appears phase reversed In these cases it is necessary to change the appropriate Echo Detection polarity in order to maintain accuracy A more complex situation can occur in anisotropic or in homogeneous materials such as coarse grain metal castings or certain composites where material conditions result in the existence of multiple sound paths within the beam area In these cases phase distortion can create an echo that is neither cleanly positive nor negative Careful experimentation with reference standards is necessary in these cases to determine effects on measurement accuracy Model 35 Series Page 9 7 910 261D 9 4 Couplants September 2006 A wide variety of couplants may be used in ultraso
87. nguage for the 35 Series gages is English but the gages can add a custom language so that text will be shown in the custom programmed language This feature will be added to the 35 Series gages in early 2006 Please contact the company for more information To activate Custom Language Step 1 Press 2ndF y Setup to display the setup tabs Step 2 Use the amp gt keys to select the System tab Step 3 Press the 4 or v to scroll to Language Page 4 14 Model 35 Series September 2006 910 261D Step 4 Press 4 gt to choose English or Custom Step 5 Press MEAS RESET 4 4 4 Radix Radix allows the user to select the display of the radix character the character that separates the whole and decimal part of the thickness value In the United States the period is used as radix Example 0 123 In many other countries the comma is used Example 1 25 mm To change radix Step 1 Press 2ndF y Setup to display the setup tabs Step 2 Use the gt keys to highlight the System tab Step 3 Use the v key to highlight Radix and amp to select between Period and Comma Step 4 Press MEAS to return to the Measure Mode 4 4 5 Backlight Mode Backlight Mode allows the user to determine how the backlight works once it has been turned on When Backlight Mode is set to Normal the backlight will stay on until it is turned off When Backlight Mode is set to Auto and the backlig
88. nic gaging We have found that propylene glycol Couplant A is suitable for most applications For a list of other suitable couplants typical for thickness measurements please refer to Table 9 1 below Couplant Purpose Description Temperature A Propylene Smooth sur General pur 200 F Glycol faces pose non cor 90 rosive washes off with water B Glycerin Rough sur General pur 200 F faces highly pose slightly 90 attenuated viscous high materials acoustic imped ance D Gel Rough sur Slides across Max 200 F faces sand cast wide surfaces 90 C metals fiber glass lay ups weld inspec tions overhead surfaces and vertical walls does not drip or run Note For more information refer to the Ultrasonic Transducer catalog or call your local representative Table 9 1 Couplants Page 9 8 Model 35 Series September 2006 910 261D Couplant Purpose Description Temperature E 2 High Temp Test materials Remains stable 500 1000 F at elevated tem liquid or paste 260 540 C peratures without boiling off when used at intended temperatures F 2 Medium Easy removal at 32 540 F Temp high tempera 0 280 C tures G 2 Medium Non toxic bio 0 600 F Temp degradable 12 315 C Note For more information refer to the Ultrasonic Transducer catalog or call your local representative Table 9 1 Couplants 9 5 High Temperature Measurem
89. nits via the keypad ge BATTERY Three 3 AA alkaline batteries or three 3 AA NiMH batteries BATTERY LIFE 150 hours minimum Mode 1 4 Hz Meas Rate Backlight Off 20 hours minimum Backlight On Model 35 Series Page 6 5 910 261D OPERATING TEMP RANGE ELECTRONICS SIZE WEIGHT TRANSDUCERS OPERATION September 2006 10 C to 50 C 14 F to 122 F 6 0 L x 3 31 W x 1 50 H 152mm L x 84mm W x 38mm 8 5 oz 0 24 Kg 35 and 35DL can use single element direct contact delay or immersion transducer in the frequency range of 2 25 MHz 30 MHz 35HP and 35DLHP can use single element direct contact delay or immersion transducer in the frequency range of 0 50 MHz 5 0 MHz DATALOGGER Model 35DL and 35DLHP Only STORAGE CAPACITY 8000 thickness measurements Page 6 6 Waveform option 350 waveforms with thickness Model 35 Series September 2006 910 261D INFORMATION ID Number File Name Thickness STORED Value Units LOS Condition Differential Mode Differential Reference Value Alarm Mode High Alarm Setpoint Low Alarm Setpoint Minimum Reading Flag Gain Mode Velocity Value Transducer Setup Information DATALOGGER FILES 8 alphanumeric file names IDENTIFICATION 10 alphanumeric characters NUMBERS character set A Z 0 9 and the special characters FILE FORMATS Incremental sequential 2 dimens
90. ntact transducers Mode 2 Time between the interface echo and the first backwall echo Normally used with delay line or immersion transducers Mode 3 Time between a pair of backwall echoes following the interface echo Normally used with delay line or immer sion transducers DISPLAY 5 digit Liquid Crystal Display LCD 0 425 10 8 mm numerals 160X100 pixel resolution Model 35 Series Page 6 3 910 261D September 2006 DISPLAY UNITS SYMBOLS and FLAGS SUN 1 tA File Name 35DL and 35DLHP Freeze Flag F _ Min Max Flags m Diff Alarm Flags D A L Y R ZOOM Z _ Waveform W _ Measure Mode Flags 1 2 M3 Measure Rate 4 Hz 8 Hz 16 Hz MAX 9 Stored Thickness 35DL and 35DLHP 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Units IN LOS Flag LOS _ Help Text Battery Life Indicator Key Press Guide 254 Function Key Press Indicator DIE Current Measurement Box Reference thickness Velocity Mode Reduction Reduction Rate ID Box 35DL and 35DLHP DN Flag DN 35DL and 35DLHP Note See diagram on following Page 6 4 page Model 35 Series September 2006 910 261D BOTTLES Mi MAX cos 0 060IN REF THK 8 388iN Couple to thick standard Then Press ENTER IZNOF ENTER MEAS ES METRIC ENGLISH Allows selection between English MODES and metric u
91. old The gage holds the last measurement when no measurements LOS are being made Blank The display blanks out the thickness value when no measurements LOS are being made The Model 35 Series is set by default to blank out the measurement display when no measurements are being made When Hold mode is selected live active thickness readings are displayed with filled in numbers and held measurements are displayed with outlined numbers To change Hold Blank Step 1 Press 2ndF y Setup to display the setup tabs Step 2 Use the gt to highlight the MEAS tab Step 3 Use the y key to highlight Hold Blank and to select between Blank and Hold Step 4 Press MEAS to return to the Measure Mode 4 3 6 Measure Rate Measure Rate allows the user to display the measurement update rate The user can select among update rates of 4 Hz 8 Hz 16 Hz and MAX MAX rate is within a range of 16 20 Hz dependent on the measurement mode and the application Note Changing to the MAX update rate will greatly affect the battery life of the Model 35 Series thickness gages Model 35 Series Page 4 9 910 261D September 2006 To change Measure Rate Step 1 Press 2ndF y Setup to display the setup tabs Step2 Use the t gt keys to highlight the MEAS tab Step3 Use the key to highlight Measure Rate and the keys to select among 4 Hz 8 Hz 16 Hz and MAX Step 4 Press ME
92. olution Min Max Hold Blank Measure rate Averaging CalLock Quick Setup ID Overwrite Model 35DL and 35DLHP only 4 3 1 Meas Option The Meas Option allows the user to select the measurement type The 35 Series gages can measure and display thickness velocity or round trip time of flight See Sections 3 2 3 4 and 3 5 for details To activate the Meas Option Step 1 Press 2ndF y Setup to display the setup tabs Step2 Use 4 to highlight the MEAS tab Step3 Use the y key to highlight Meas Option and to select Thickness Velocity or TOF Time of Flight Model 35 Series Page 4 5 910 261D September 2006 Step 4 Press MEAS to return to the Measure Mode 4 3 2 Units Changing units allows the user to change from inch measurement units to millimeter measurement units To change units Step 1 Press 2ndF y Setup to display the setup tabs Step 2 Use the 4 keys to highlight the MEAS tab Step 3 Use the key to highlight Units and the amp keys to select English in or metric mm Step 4 Press MEAS to return to the Measure Mode 4 3 3 Resolution Resolution allows the user to change the number of decimal points displayed in the thickness display To changing resolution Step 1 Press 2ndF y Setup to display the setup tabs Use the gt keys to highlight the MEAS tab Step 2 Use the y key to highlight Resolu
93. onar has been widely applied to nondestructive testing because it permits accurate measurement of material thickness even though access may be available from only one side The 35 Series gages use a variety of piezoelectric transducers that generate bursts of mechanical vibrations or sound waves when excited by short electrical pulses The frequency of these sound waves is far beyond the limit of human hearing from one million to twenty million cycles per second versus a typical limit of less than twenty thousand cycles per second for the human ear Sound at these very high frequencies does not travel well through air so a coupling medium such as a drop of liquid usually propylene glycol glycerin water or oil is used between the transducer and the test piece The sound waves generated by the transducer are coupled into the test piece and reflected back from the opposite side The same transducer then receives the reflected sound waves and converts them to electrical pulses The gage amplifies the received signal digitizes a selected portion of the wave train and then very precisely measures a time interval corresponding to one round trip of the sound waves in the test piece This measurement is made in one of three modes as described below The gage which has been calibrated to the speed of sound in the test material computes the thickness of the test material using the relationship Model 35 Series Page 8 1 910 261D September 200
94. ow Minimum Will recall the minimum thickness in the scan to the center of the screen even if the minimum has scrolled off the current B scan screen Show Current Will stop the B scan at its current position when the FREEZE key is pressed Max Thickness Allows the user to set the thickness range for the B scan image This should be set slightly larger than the maximum thickness that will be encountered The maximum value for Max Thickness is 25 00 635 00 mm 4 12 1 Using the B scan Function To activate the B scan feature Step 1 Press the 2nd F SETUP key to display the Setup Tabs Step 2 Use the key to highlight the B scan Tab Step 3 Use the v Key to enter the B scan Setup menu Step 4 Use ly and A to select a parameter and and to adjust the setting Step 5 When the Max thickness is highlighted press 4 or to adjust the Max thickness range for the B scan value with the ly 4 keys and then press ENTER Step 6 Press the MEAS key to return to the Measure mode and Page 4 46 Model 35 Series September 2006 910 261D save the adjusted settings WAVEFORM B SCAN ENABLER ON LEFT TO RIGHT B SCAN FREEZE MODE MIN MAX THICKNESS 8 6800 IN to make selection Then Press ENTER or 8 64 ENTER MEAS Once the B scan function has been enabled the B scan starts drawing the cross sectional thickness when the transducer make contact w
95. p 3 Use the ly key to highlight Save and gt to select between SAVE and SEND Step 4 Press MEAS to return to the Measure Mode Page 4 16 Model 35 Series September 2006 910 261D 4 4 7 File Mode 35DL and 35DLHP Only When creating data files in the 35DL 35DLHP it is necessary to designate the type of data that will be stored in the file The File Mode parameter in the System Setup tab allows the user to set the default file mode This sets the default file type that is designated when a new file is created The user can change this during the file creation The file Modes are Normal For saving standard thickness measurements Velocity For saving velocity measurements Time of Flight For saving time of flight measurements Reduction Rate For saving both Thickness and Reduction Rate measurements To Change the default File mode Step 1 Press 2nd Fl ly Setup to display the setup tabs Step 2 Use the 4 keys to highlight the System tab Step 3 Use the y key to highlight File Mode and to select among Normal Velocity Time of FLT and Reduction RT Step 4 Press MEAS to return to the Measure Mode 4 5 Communication The 35 Series gages are supplied with a standard USB communication port This port is used to e Communicate with the optional 35PCSCOPE program for Model 35 Series Page 4 17 910 261D September 2006 creating custom transducer
96. provided only as a guide The actual velocity in these materials may vary significantly for a variety of reasons such as composition preferred crystallographic orientation porosity and temperature Therefore for maximum accuracy establish the sound velocity in a given material by first testing a sample of the material Table I 1 Sound Velocities of Various Materials Longitudinal Wave Velocity Material V in usec V m sec Acrylic resin Perspex 2730 Aluminum 0 249 6320 Beryllium 0 508 12900 Brass naval 0 174 4430 Copper 0 183 4660 Diamond 0 709 18000 Glycerin 0 076 1920 Inconel 0 229 5820 Iron Cast slow 0 138 3500 Model 35 Series Page I 1 910 261D September 2006 Table I 1 cont Sound Velocities of Various Materials Longitudinal Wave Velocity Material V in usec V m sec Iron Cast fast 0 220 5600 Iron oxide magnetite 0 232 5890 Lead 0 085 2160 Lucite 0 106 2680 Molybdenum 0 246 6250 Motor oil SAE 20 30 0 069 1740 Nickel pure 0 222 5630 Polyamide slow 0 087 2200 Nylon fast 0 102 2600 Polyethylene high density 0 097 2460 HDPE Polyethylene low density 0 082 2080 LDPE Polystyrene 0 092 2340 Polyvinylchloride PVC 0 094 2395 hard Rubber polybutadiene 0 063 1610 Silicon 0 379 9620 Page I 2 Model 35 Series September 2006 Table I 1 cont Sound
97. r and material and is ready to make thickness measurements on samples of the material that was used for calibration that have unknown mechanical thickness Simple couple the transducer to the material and the Gage will display the Thickness 3 5 Calibration and Measurements Velocity Measurement Mode 3 5 1 Two Point Calibration Velocity Mea surement Mode Two Point Calibration requires two samples of the same material velocity and known thickness The velocity value does not need to be known Step 1 Activate the Velocity Measurement Mode as described in Section 3 1 Model 35 Series Page 3 11 910 261D September 2006 Step 2 Couple to a thick sample and press CAL VEL The gage will display a thickness reading Step 3 When the thickness reading is steady press ENTER Step 4 Use the 4 y and slewing keys to enter the known thickness Step 5 Couple the transducer to a thin sample and press CAL Zero The gage will display a thickness reading Step 6 When the thickness reading is steady press ENTER Step 7 Use the 4 y and slewing keys to enter the known thickness Step 8 Press the MEAS key to complete the calibration The Model 35 Series gage is now calibrated for the transducer and is ready to make velocity measurements on a sample with know mechanical thickness To make a velocity measurement Step 1 Press 2nd ENTER REF VALUE and use the A v and slewing k
98. r2ndF Note In ID Review Mode the user can jump to the beginning of a file by pressing 2ndF y or to the end of a file by pressing 2ndF 4 5 7 Using Edit ID Mode The ID Edit mode is generally used for one of two purposes Tochange the current ID Location to a different ID Location already in the database This mode is useful when you are using a large data file and it would take too long to locate the desired ID by pressing 4 y 1 Tochange the current ID Location to a new ID which does not yet exist in the database This mode is useful when you want to include additional measurement points to the active file Additional ID locations can be added anywhere in the file Note No stored data is shown while in ID Edit Mode and no measurements can be made To use the ID Edit mode follow these steps Page 5 18 Model 35 Series September 2006 910 261D Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 5 8 5 8 1 Note Note Press 22d F ID Press 22d F gt D again Use the 4 keys to make changes to the current ID Press 2 dE gt ID to view the content of the new ID or press MEAS to return to Measure mode at the new ID location Ee I Hash 5el e Moue ENTER Done CALVEL De1 CALZERO Ins 34 ENTER C2hdF_ MM Delete Delete a Range of ID s in a File When deleting a range of ID s in incremental file both the ID an
99. re 5 3 5 2 2 Identifier Structure 5 3 5 3 Creating Data Files sees 5 4 5 3 1 Standard Editing Commands 5 4 5 3 2 Creating Files From a Computer 5 6 5 3 3 Creating Files From the Model 35DL 5 6 5 4 Opening a File ie 5 15 5 9 Saving Data tope ettet reos 5 16 5 6 Using the Review ID Mode 5 17 5 7 Using Edit ID Mode sees 5 18 5 0 Delete oso E EA 5 19 5 8 1 Deleting a Range of ID s in a File 5 19 5 8 2 Deleting Selected Files 5 8 3 Deleting Stored Value 5 8 4 Quick Clear 35DL and DLHP Only 5 23 5 9 Receiving Files and Using GageView M 5 24 5 9 1 Receiving Files From a Computer 5 24 5 9 2 Using GageView 5 25 5 10 Statistics Reports ii 5 25 Model 35 Series 910 261D September 2006 6 Specifications eere 6 1 7 Application 42 7 1 8 Theory of Operation 2 8 1 9 Application 2044 4 9 1 Measurement Mode ine 9 2 Transducer Selection 9 3 Factors Affecting Performance and Accuracy 9 9 4 Coupl nts rte 9 5 High Temperature Measurements 9 6 Cable Eengths om ptos 9 7 Pulser Receiver
100. ress pe EJA File to display the File Tabs Step 2 Use the and keys to select the Create Tab Step 3 Use the ly key to highlight the file name Press the Model 35 Series Page 5 11 910 261D September 2006 key to enter a file name using the 4 y editing function Press ENTER Step 4 Use the amp and keys to select Sequential Press ENTER Step 5 Use the amp and keys to select Thickness Velocity or Time of Flight TOF Press ENTER Thickness is for storing thickness data in the file Velocity is for storing velocity data in the file TOF is for storing TOF Time of Flight data in the file Step 6 Use the 4 amp and keys to select Continue Press ENTER Step 7 Use the key to enter the Start ID using the 4 y lt gt editing function Press ENTER Step 8 Use the key to enter the End ID using the y editing function Press ENTER Step 9 Use the and gt keys to select Done or Cancel Press ENTER 5 3 3 3 2 Grid File A 2 D grid is a sequence of ID numbers arranged to describe a path through a two dimensional matrix Each part of the ID number corresponds to a particular matrix dimension A 2 D two dimensional sequence begins with the ID number that refers to the first column and the first row Then the column or row increments one value at a time until the sequence reaches the last column or row value wh
101. ry Indicator e e e e 150 Hour Battery Operat e e e e ing Time Battery Saver e e e e Page 1 4 Model 35 Series September 2006 910 261D Table 1 Model 35 Series Features 35 35HP 35DL 35DLHP Two Year Limited War e e ranty Differential Mode e e e e Hi Low Alarm e e e e Internal Datalogger e e Optional Live Waveform e e e e USB e e e e Note The USB port on the Model 35 and Model 35 HP is used for internal software upgrade only and transducer communications Optional RS 232 Port e e The gages employ a full range of user controlled display functions to measure the thickness of materials from one side only A full line of transducers is available to measure materials between 0 004 0 08 mm and 25 635 mm thickness Model 35 Series Page 1 5 910 261D September 2006 The Model 35 series makes full use of its microprocessor to offer selectable advanced measurement features The Model 35DL and 35DLHP built in datalogger allows a simple method for recording thickness readings and for labeling each point with an identification code The Model 35DL and 35DLHP can store up to 8000 thickness readings or 350 waveforms with thickness readings Waveform Option providing an alternative to the manual recording of data Page 1 6 Model 35 Series September 2006 910 261D 2 BASIC OPERATION This section demonstrates how to create basic thickness measurements with
102. same material Step 1 Couple the transducer to the thick calibration block Step 2 Press CAL VEL Step 3 When the thickness reading is stable press ENTER Step 4 Uncouple the transducer from the block and use the 4 v and slewing keys to enter the thickness of the thick block Step 5 Couple the transducer to the thin block and press the CAL ZERO key Step 6 When the reading is stable press the ENTER key Step 7 Uncouple the transducer from the block and use the 4 v and slewing keys to enter the thickness of the thin block Step 8 Press the MEAS key to complete the calibration and go to the Measure Mode 3 3 2 Material Velocity Calibration When Material Sound Velocity Is Unknown To do the Material Velocity Calibration a calibration block made from the material to be measured must be used The block should be Page 3 8 Model 35 Series September 2006 910 261D approximately as thick as the thickest section to be measured and have flat smooth and parallel front and back surfaces The thickness of the block must be known exactly Step 1 Couple the transducer to the block Step 2 Press the CAL VEL key Step 3 When the thickness reading is stable press ENTER Step 4 Uncouple the transducer and use the and gt slewing keys to enter the thickness of the standard Step 5 Press MEAS to complete the calibration and return to Measure Mode If
103. setups Upgrade gage operating software Communicate with the Panametrics NDT Gageview interface program 35 and 35HP gages can send and receive Custom Transducer setups 35DL and35DLHP can send and receive Thickness Velocity and Time of Flight data as well as Custom Transducer setups An optional unit must be returned to the company for modification RS 232 port is available for the 35DL and 35DLHP for use with Serial port printers RS 232 serial communication programs RS 232 digital caliper supplied Bar code reader supplied 4 5 1 Send Format The Send format selects the format of the data being sent from 35 Series gages It is set by default to F1 and should be changed only when communicating with custom software Contact the company for information concerning additional Send formats Single sending can only be done using the optional RS 232 output Send can only be done with the thickness reading Formats F1 F5 are used when performing File Sends or Range Sends to external software or printers Page 4 18 Model 35 Series September 2006 910 261D F1 Format Sends ID Thickness Table and Setups Table Identifier Thickness Units Flags SU 001 1 091 IN MI 2 002 1 091 IN MI 2 003 1 091 IN MI 2 004 1 091 IN MI 2 005 1 091 IN MI 2 OK SU VEL uS DIFF Lo ALM Hi ALM UNITS BASE MEAS SETUP 2 0 22600 0 000 0 000 25 000 In DEFMI M110 OK F2 Format Sends ID Thickness Table Setup Ta
104. t that the transducer be placed approximately on the centerline of the part and held as steadily to the surface as possible In some cases a spring loaded V block holder may be helpful for maintaining this alignment In general as the radius of curvature decreases the size of the transducer should be reduced and the more critical transducer alignment will become For very small radii an immersion approach will be necessary In some cases it may be useful to observe the waveform display via the PCScope option as an aid in maintaining optimum alignment Practice the best way to hold a transducer with the aid of a waveform display On curved surfaces it is important to use only enough couplant to obtain a reading Excess couplant will form a fillet between the transducer and the test surface where sound will reverberate and possibly create spurious signals that may trigger false readings 5 or eccentricity If the contact surface or back surface of the test piece is tapered or eccentric with respect to the Model 35 Series Page 9 5 910 261D Page 9 6 September 2006 other the return echo will be distorted due to the variation in sound path across the width of the beam Accuracy of measurement will be reduced In severe cases no measurement will be possible Acoustic Properties of the Test Material There are several conditions found in certain engineering materials that can potentially limit the accuracy and range of ultr
105. t to Thickness Only only the thickness value will be saved The ID number is automatically updated to the next ID number in the sequence The new ID number is indicated on the display If the ID number cannot be updated a long beep sounds and the gage displays a message explaining why the ID was unable to update In this case the ID number on the display remains unchanged Some of the special features of the Model 35DL and 35DLHP allow the gage to store more than one thickness value at an ID location For this reason the gage has four file forms for saving data Thickness Standard one thickness saved e Velocity One velocity reading saved TOF One time of flight reading saved Reduction Rate One thickness and one reduction rate saved Note The gage cannot store different file type data in a single file 5 6 Using the Review ID Mode The review ID mode has two purposes Review datalogger contents by scanning through stored ID locations in the active file Move within the file and change the current ID location to any location that already exists in the file To review stored thickness values or move to an existing ID location follow these steps Step 1 Press 22d F gt D Model 35 Series Page 5 17 910 261D September 2006 Step 2 Use 4 or y to change ID Step 3 Press the MEAS key to return to Measure Mode at the new ID location to review 2 to edit ID L2ndF 1
106. tion and an H to indicate a High Alarm condition only when set points have been violated Page 4 28 Model 35 Series September 2006 910 261D a ma aHz 1 __ honamesa L m3 aHz i TH 1H Note The Alarm Mode and the Diff Mode are mutually exclu Model 35 Series Page 4 29 910 261D September 2006 sive cannot be used at the same time except when Reduction Rate is selected If one of these functions is activated it will be automatically turned off when the other function is turned on 4 7 1 Activate the High Low Alarm When Reduc tion Rate Is Inactive To activate the High Low Alarm when Reduction Rate is inactive Step 1 Press 2ndF y Setup to display the setup tabs Step 2 Use the 4 keys to highlight the Alarm tab Step 3 Use the ly key to highlight Enable and to select On or Off Step 4 Press the y key to highlight Lo Alarm and use the gt keys to slew to the low alarm set point Step 5 Press the y key to highlight Hi Alarm and use the gt keys to slew to the high alarm set point Step 6 Press MEAS to return to the Measure Mode 4 7 2 Activate the High Low Alarm When Reduc tion Rate Is Active High and low Reduction Rate alarms can be set when the Reduction Rate differential mode is activated The user will set a high RED and Low YELLOW reduction percentage and the gage w
107. tion and the gt keys to select Standard Low or High Note High resolution is available only for the Models 35 and 35DL Step 3 Press MEAS to return to the Measure Mode Page 4 6 Model 35 Series September 2006 910 261D 4 3 3 1 Resolution Thickness Mode For Models 35 and 35DL the user can select among Standard 0 001 or 0 01 mm Low 0 01 or 0 1 mm and High 0 0001 or 0 001 mm For Models 35HP and 35DLHP the user can select between Standard 0 001 or 0 01 mm and Low 0 01 or 0 1 mm 4 3 3 2 Resolution Velocity Mode For Models 35 and 35DL the user can select between Standard 0 0001 in usec or 0 001 mm usec and Low 0 001in usec or 0 01 mm usec For Models 35HP and 35DLHP the user can select between Standard 0 0001in usec or 0 001 mm usec Low 0 001 in usec or 0 01 mm usec 4 3 3 3 Resolution Time of Flight Mode The resolution for the Time of Flight Mode is fixed at 0 01 usec 4 3 4 Min Max Min Max allows the user to put the gage in Min or Max scanning mode This feature allows the user to scan over an area and quickly determine the minimum or maximum thickness Min Mode displays live thickness values and recalls the minimum thickness when a LOS loss of signal occurs Live thickness values are displayed in filled in form and recalled min values are displayed in outlined form The minimum values are retained in a temporary Model 35 Series Page 4 7 910 261D Septe
108. tive or negative polarity echo detection as determined by application requirements Selection is dependant on the mode of measurement and the type of test material Note that positive and negative polarity refer to processed echoes displayed on the PCScope Mode 1 In Mode 1 with contact transducers Echo 1 is the back wall echo and Echo 2 is not applicable Echo 1 is normally nega tive An exception occurs in measurement of a material of low acoustic impedance bonded to a material of high impedance such as plastic or rubber over metal where the echo is phase reversed and positive detection for Echo 1 is appropriate Mode 2 In Mode 2 with delay line or immersion transducers Echo 1 is the interface echo and Echo 2 is the backwall echo Echo 1 is normally positive for high impedance materials such as metals and ceramics and negative for low impedance materials such as most plastics Echo 2 is normally negative unless the back wall echo represents the sort of low to high impedance boundary described above Mode 3 In Mode 3 measurements with delay line or immersion transducers Echo 1 is the interface echo and Echo 2 represents the backwall echoes Since Mode 3 generally involves measurement of high impedance materials the general rule is to set Echo 1 pos itive and Echo 2 negative In some special cases involving diffi cult geometries phase distortion may cause the positive side of the backwall echoes to be better defined than the ne
109. ty and pulse transit time in most solids and liquids 35 Series gages use three 3 modes of operation with contact delay line and immersion transducers and include an Application Auto Recall feature which allows both Standard Default and Custom Stored Application Setups In general one of the Default Transducer Setups is adequate for most applications However if your application requires a specialized setup the 35 Series offers ten 35 and 35HP and twenty 35DL and 35DLHP custom setup locations that may be programmed by the user or by the company Model 35 Series Page 1 1 910 261D September 2006 The 35 Series is equipped with a USB port for connecting the gage to the GageView interface program or to 35PCScope software The PCScope program allows users to make adjustments to transducer setups while viewing RF waveforms This can also be done using the optional waveform feature Other 35 Series features include Thickness range 0 004 25 000 0 100 635 mm dependent on material and transducer type Backlit display High Low alarm functions Differential Mode Maximum resolution of 0 0001 0 001 mm Display HOLD BLANK mode Long battery life Measurement in inches or millimeters MIN MAX Mode RF Waveform output for optional 35PCScope interface program Rugged case and sealed color coded keypad for tactile and audio feedback Semi automatic keyboard calibration nternal self test modes Calibratio
110. wn thickness Couple the transducer to a thin sample and press CAL Zero The gage displays a thickness reading When the thickness reading is steady press ENTER Use the Y and gt slewing keys to enter the known thickness Press the MEAS key to complete the calibration The model 35 Series gage is now calibrated for the transducer and is ready to make round trip time measurements To make a time of flight measurement couple to the sample and the gage displays the round trip time of flight Model 35 Series Page 3 15 910 261D September 2006 Page 3 16 Model 35 Series September 2006 910 261D 4 ADDITIONAL Model 35 SERIES GAGING FEATURES Model 35 Series thickness gages have several additional convenient features The use of these features is not required for basic operation However they make the gages more versatile instruments The following additional features may be accessed directly from the keypad Tables 4 1A amp 4 1B Model 35 Model 35HP Model 35DL Model 35DL and Model and Model 35DHP 35DLHP Backlight Datalogger Freeze Additional features may be accessed in the setup mode To access or change any of these functions press 2nd F v JI SETUP Model 35 Series Page 4 1 910 261D September 2006 These features include the following functions Model 35 35HP 35DL and 35DLHP Series Gages nches Millimeters Conversion Resolution Mi

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