NEA/DB/DOC(2014) - khs
Contents
1. In this example only the files U238NF in and PU240SF in are treated General description of fission GEF code OECD 2014 21 Parallel computing GEF supports starting several processes in parallel which calculate the systems given in the input file in parallel in a coordinated way This enables making efficient use of modern multiprocessor machines Before starting a new sequence of calculations the files ctl done ctl and ctl thread ctl must be deleted 15 Deterministic version of GEF as a subroutine A deterministic version of the GEF code provides pre neutron fission fragment nuclide distributions and excitation energies It is written as a subroutine that is called with a specific compound nucleus its excitation energy and its angular momentum on input Only first chance fission is calculated The subroutine is available in FreeBASIC and in FORTRAN Compilation with the GNU Fortran 95 compiler was tested Computational structure e Read tables Macroscopic masses Thomas Fermi masses Evaluated masses from 2012 mass table Shell effects from P Moller et al Nuclear spectroscopic data from JEFF3 decay file e Calculate parameters of distributions e Calculate distributions Fission fragment yields Z and A for each fission channel Spin distribution per fragment Z and A and fission channel Excitation energy per fragment Z and A and fission channel e Fill output arrays of pre neutron fragment2. the neutron separation energy Input Z A inititial excitation energy E Function p_gamma_high Random generator of gamma energy for gamma emission above the neutron separation energy Input Z A inititial excitation energy E Function u_ired The function u_ired returns a reduction factor for the momentum of inertia at the yrast line due to shell effect and pairing correlations Input Z A Function u_alev_ld The function u_alev_Id returns the macroscopic level density parameter of the Fermi gas formula according to Ignatyuk Input Z A Function u_temp The function u_temp returns the nuclear temperature parameter from the modified com posite level density formula of Schmidt and Jurado with the influence of shells and pairing correlations optional Input Z A E Function gggtot The function gggtot returns the probability to emit a gamma of energy E in competition with neutron emission Input Atomic number Z of emitting nucleus 14 General description of fission GEF model OECD 2014 Subroutines Mass number A of emitting nucleus Excitation energy E of the emitting nucleus Energy E of the emitted gamma Function bftf The function bftf returns the height of the fission barrier with shell effects and pairing correlations considered optional Input Z A Function bftfa The function bftfa returns the height of the inner fission barrier with shell ef
3. to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document but changing it is not allowed 0 Definitions This License refers to version 3 of the GNU General Public License Copyright also means copyright like laws that apply to other kinds of works such as semiconductor masks The Program refers to any copyrightable work licensed under this License Each licensee is addressed as you Licensees and recipients may be individuals or organizations To modify a work means to copy from or adapt all or part of the work in a fashion requiring copyright permission other than the making of an exact copy The resulting work is called a modified version of the earlier work or a work based on the earlier work A covered work means either the unmodified Program or a work based on the Program To propagate a work means to do anything with it that without permission would make you directly or secondarily liable for infringement under applicable copyright law except executing it ona computer or modifying a private copy Propagation includes copying distribution with or without modification making available to the public and in some countries other activities as well To convey a work means any kind of propagation that enables other parties to make or receive copies Mere interaction with a user through a computer network with no transfer of a copy is not conveying An interactive user interface displays Appr
4. within the Sixth Framework Programme through EFNUDAT project No 036434 and within the Seventh Framework Programme through Fission 2010 ERINDA project No 269499 and by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency Special thanks go to Mr E Dupont who incited the work on this report and followed it with much interest and many helpful remarks 4 General description of fission GEF model OECD 2014 Table of contents Table of contents 8 9 Name of the program Description of the program Method of solution Computational structure Subroutines Typical running time Related and auxiliary programs Hardware requirements Programming language s used 10 Operating system under which the program is executed 11 Other programming or operating information or restrictions 12 Names and adresses of authors 13 Material available 14 Practical hints 15 Deterministic version of GEF as a subroutine 16 Terms and conditions References General description of fission GEF code OECD 2014 10 16 16 16 16 16 17 17 17 17 22 23 32 1 Name of the program GEF Version 2014 2 1 The official GEF websites are http www khs erzhausen de and http www cenbg in2p3 fr GEF 2 Description of the program GEF is a computer code for the simulation of the nuclear fission process The GEF code calculates pre neutron and post neutron fission fragment nuclide yields angular momentum distributi
5. 5 145 93 144 2 5 4 5 2 1 169 95 167 33 3 17 0 86 238 5 0 79 0 09 229 2 4 94 0 89 65 8 52 109 131 109 130 7 5 6 5 O 1 192 70 192 04 1 95 0 94 214 2 56 95 145 94 144 2 5 6 5 1 1 182 00 180 35 1 06 0 97 27 6 2 11 0 91 208 2 56 94 146 93 143 1 0 14 0 1 3 161 87 159 52 1 86 0 86 4 4 1 01 0 94 134 6 1 10 0 66 347 2 1 76 0 43 104 0 0 22 2 45 1 44 53 103 137 99 135 5 5 4 5 4 2 166 08 161 36 5 51 0 94 340 3 5 15 1 00 338 3 1 44 0 69 108 4 0 58 0 43 318 0 0 69 0 15 290 4 0 83 0 83 33 6 3 33 1 84 0 76 0 87 54 101 139 100 138 1 5 3 5 1 1 194 31 192 61 1 24 0 99 167 3 0 47 0 31 338 9 54 101 139 99 138 0 5 1 5 2 1 190 43 187 67 2 34 0 79 221 5 1 94 0 75 172 7 1 17 0 95 66 9 Advanced options Uncertainties Uncertainty analysis from calculations with perturbed parameters is available These calculations are also used to determine covariances between different observables as given by the model As an option also the multi variant distributions of fission fragment yields can be obtained Energy distribution Instead of a single energy also a distribution of excitation energies above the ground state at fission may be provided in a file on input The file name is fixed Espectrum in Example 3 9 0 1 4 0 0 2 4 1 0 4 4 2 0 7 Each line gives an energy in MeV and a weight Energy steps of about 100 keV are recommended The spectrum may be un normalized The corresponding option is chosen by the GUI under WINDOWS or by the option
6. EFECTIVE YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING REPAIR OR CORRECTION 16 Limitation of Liability IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND OR CONVEYS THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES INCLUDING ANY GENERAL SPECIAL INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES 17 Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16 If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the Program unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a copy of the Program in return for a fee General description of fission GEF code OECD 2014 31 References References 32 1 Experimental evidence for the separability of compound nucleus and fragment prop erties in fission K H Schmidt A Kelic M V Ricciardi Europh Lett 83 2008 32001 Nuclear fission studies with relativistic s
7. ES under LINUX Note that GEF calculates only first chance fission for this option Input list GEF supports reading an input list from file This option is chosen if the file file in is found 20 General description of fission GEF model OECD 2014 Instructions 1 Create a file with the following information First line Statistical enhancement factor default 1 corresponds to 10 events per system A larger factor increases the number of calculated events accordingly Second line Energy value or list of energy values For neutron induced fission List of energy values in ascending order For spontaneous fission Energy value Only one value is allowed Following lines Specification of the fissioning system Zc N AcN kind of fission Example for spontaneous fission 10 0 98 250 GS 98 252 GS Example for neutron induced fission 2 0 0253E 6 0 4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 92 234 EN 92 236 EN In the case of neutron induced fission a sequence of calculations is performed with the energies given in the second line of the input file Example for fission from a shape isomer The isomers must be listed in the file NucProp bas 100 0 94 241 ISi 94 242 IS1i 2 Create the file file in The file file in contains the names of the input files one per line Comments are supported Example U238NF in gt CF2525F in PU240SF in
8. NEA Data Bank NEA DB DOC 2014 2 General description of fission observables GEF code Supplement to JEFF Report 24 Karl Heinz Schmidt Beatriz Jurado CENBG CNRS IN2P3 Gradignan France Charlotte Amourouz CEA DSM Saclay France June 2014 Foreword Foreword The Joint Evaluated Fission and Fusion JEFF Project is a collaborative effort among the member countries of the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency NEA Data Bank to develop a reference nuclear data library The JEFF library contains sets of evaluated nuclear data mainly for fission and fusion applications it contains a number of different data types including neutron and proton interaction data radioactive decay data fission yield data and thermal scattering law data The General fission GEF model is based on novel theoretical concepts and ideas developed to model low energy nuclear fission The GEF code calculates fission fragment yields and associated quantities e g prompt neutron and gamma for a large range of nuclei and excitation energy This opens up the possibility of a qualitative step forward to improve further the JEFF fission yields sub library This supplement to JEFF Report 24 provides technical information on the GEF code and subroutines as well as examples and practical hints General description of fission GEF code OECD 2014 3 Acknowledgements Acknowledgements Developments for the GEF code have been supported by the European Commission
9. UI on WINDOWS Output Quantities available on output of GEF e Contributions of fission chances e Relative yields of fission channels e Element yield distribution FBIDE is available from http fbide freebasic net with no cost GEANY is available from http www geany org with no cost 18 General description of fission GEF model OECD 2014 e Isotonic yield distribution pre and post neutron e Isobaric yield distribution e Mass chain yields pre and post neutron e Fragment kinetic energies e Fragment angular momentum distributions for every nuclide e Relative independent isomeric yields e Prompt gamma spectrum e Prompt neutron spectrum e Neutron multiplicity distribution e Energies and directions of prompt neutrons pre and post scission Including uncertainties and covariances Many more quantities are internally calculated and may be listed List mode output The optional list mode output comprises many properties of the fission fragments and the prompt neutrons on an event by event basis A sample is listed below Sample Z1 Z2 Alpre A2pre Alpost A2post I1pre I2pre ni n2 TKEpre TKEpost Z1 Atomic number of first fragment Z2 Atomic number of second fragment Aipre Pre neutron mass number of first fragment A2pre Pre neutron mass number of second fragment Aipost Post neutron mass number of first fragment A2post Post neutron mass number of second fragment Iip
10. ariant distributions e Output of nominal results tables and list mode optional e End loop over systems and energies of input file The calculations are detailed in the next section General description of fission GEF code OECD 2014 T Flow of calculations e Begin Monte Carlo event loop multi chance fission Start with target Z A entrance channel e Begin Monte Carlo event loop pre fission decay e Calculate pre equilibrium emission for n induced reaction e Calculate neutron and proton decay widths compound Calculate fission decay width Chose decay at random fission or particle emission e In case of particle emission Determine particle energy at random e In case of fission Build table of fissioning nuclei Zoey Acn E yn e End Monte Carlo event loop pre fission decay In case of fission or end of particle cascade next event End Monte Carlo event loop multi chance fission Ordering of multi chance table Zoy Acn EGy at fission e Begin multi chance loop Pick up next Zon Acn EGy from multi chance table e Calculate parameters of distributions for sampling in MC loop e Begin Monte Carlo loop sample all distributions e Sample fission channel e Sample A and A fragments Sample Z and Z fragments e Sample deformation energies of final fragments Sample intrinsic excitation energies at scission Sam
11. d Z systems Neutron evaporation from the fragments is calculated with a Monte Carlo statistical code using level densities from empirical systematics 8 and binding energies with theoretical shell effects with gamma competition included Model uncertainties and covariances are determined by a series of calculations with perturbed parameters Multi chance fission is supported General description of fission GEF model OECD 2014 e Pre compound emission is considered for neutron induced fission 3 Method of solution The Monte Carlo method is used Uncertainties and co variances are deduced from per turbed calculations 4 Computational structure Gross structure e User input Input is provided by dialogue GUI or by file e Read tables Macroscopic masses Thomas Fermi masses Evaluated masses from 2012 mass table Shell effects from P M ller et al Nuclear spectroscopic data from JEFF3 decay file e Begin loop over systems and energies of input file Synchronize parallel calculations e Begin loop of perturbed calculations optional Sample all model parameters within their uncertainty range e Perform calculations with perturbed parameters e Establish multi variant distributions Output of perturbed results tables and list mode optional e End loop of perturbed calculations e Perform calculations with nominal parameters e Uncertainties and covariances from multi v
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14. e statistical uncertainties are already smaller than the model uncertainties in most cases Higher statistics may be useful to compare different systems to study systematic trends and to determine reliable covariances 12 Names and adresses of authors K H Schmidt Rheinstr 4 64390 Erzhausen Germany B Jurado CENBG CNRS IN2 P3 Chemin du Solarium B P 120 F 33175 Gradignan France 13 Material available FreeBASIC source files JustBasic executable and run time library Executables for WINDOWS and LINUX ReadMe file with technical instructions 14 Practical hints Installing and running GEF Please keep the sub folder structure of GEF zip Sub folders that are needed by the code are created automatically if they do not exist GEF does not overwrite or delete the output files Files in the folders out tmp and dmp that are not needed any more should be deleted out contains the main output as ASCII tables tmp contains more specific or internal information as ASCII tables dmp contains spectra in SATAN analyser format ctl contains control files for parallel computing On WINDOWS The file GEF zip provides an executable of the main programm GEF exe and in the sub folder GUI a graphical user interface GEF is started by General description of fission GEF code OECD 2014 Le running GEF bat in a command window All user input must be entered b
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16. econdary beams analysis of fission chan nels C B ckstiegel et al Nucl Phys A 802 2008 12 Shell effects in the symmetric modal fission of pre actinide nuclei S I Mulgin K H Schmidt A Grewe S V Zhdanov Nucl Phys A 640 1998 375 Entropy driven excitation energy sorting in superfluid fission dynamics K H Schmidt B Jurado Phys Rev Lett 104 2010 212501 New insight into superfluid nuclear dynamics from the even odd effect in fission K H Schmidt B Jurado arXiv 1007 0741v1 nucl th Thermodynamics of nuclei in thermal contact K H Schmidt B Jurado Phys Rev C 82 2011 014607 Final excitation energy of fission fragments K H Schmidt B Jurado Phys Rev C 83 2011 061601 R Inconsistencies in the description of pairing effects in nuclear level densities K H Schmidt B Jurado Phys Rev C 86 2012 044322 General description of fission GEF model OECD 2014
17. ecuted a WINDOWS XP or newer b Any LINUX distribution Eventually some additional packages need to be installed e g the X11 developer tools 1 FreeBASIC is available from http www freebasic net with no cost 2 WINDOWS is either a registered trademark or a trademark of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and or other countries 3 JustBasic is available from http www justbasic com with no cost 4 WINE is a windows compatibility layer for LINUX http www winehq org 16 General description of fission GEF model OECD 2014 11 Other programming or operating information or restrictions Multi chance fission is supported except when a distribution of excitation energies at fission is provided on input The results on neutron emission prior to fission and prompt neutron emission from the fragments are given separately GEF provides all results event by event in a list mode file on demand The sequence of the events in the list mode output is sorted by energy at fission in the case of multi chance fission in order to save computing time Therefore the event sequence in the list mode output should be randomly sampled if the GEF code is to be used as a realistic generator for fission events An optional enhancement factor may be specified A value gt 1 increases the statistics of the Monte Carlo calculation and hence reduces the statistical uncertainties of the results Default value is 10 events With this value th
18. emperature nuclear level density formula of Egidy et al Input Mass number Shell effect Function t_rusanov The function t_ returns the temperature of the Fermi gas nuclear level density formula of Rusanov et al Input Excitation energy Mass number 10 General description of fission GEF model OECD 2014 Subroutines Function lymass The function lymass returns the nuclear mass according to the liquid drop model of Myers and Swiatecki Input Atomic number Z Nuclear mass number A Deformation parameter 8 Function lypair The function lypair returns the pairing fluctuation energy according to the liquid drop model of Myers and Swiatecki Input Atomic number Z Nuclear mass number A Function fedefolys The function fedefolys returns the nuclear deformation energy according to the liquid drop model of Myers and Swiatecki Input Atomic number Z Nuclear mass number A Deformation parameter 8 Function ldmass The function ldmass returns the macroscopic nuclear mass according to the Thomas Fermi model of Myers and Swiatecki Input Atomic number Z Nuclear mass number A Deformation parameter 6 Function ame2012 The function ame2012 returns the nuclear mass from the 2003 mass evaluation Input Atomic number Z Nuclear mass number A General description of fission GEF code OECD 2014 11 Subroutines Function u_s
19. fects and pairing correlations considered optional Input Z A Function bftfb The function bftfb returns the height of the outer fission barrier with shell effects and pairing correlations considered optional Input Z A General description of fission GEF code OECD 2014 15 6 Typical running time A typical calculation with 100 000 events takes about 5 seconds on one processor of an Intel i7 CPU 2 80GHz Calculations with perturbed parameters and calculations at higher excitation energies where multi chance fission occurs require somewhat more time 7 Related and auxiliary programs The main routines are written in FreeBASIC FreeBASIC produces compiled binary code that uses the C run time library Graphics output is based on the X11 library A graphical user interface is provided for WINDOWS written in JustBasic which has a specific run time library The WINDOWS version of GEF runs also under WINE on LINUX 8 Hardware requirements Computing time can be important for calculations with high statistics or for a large number of systems Parallel computing e g with a multi core CPU is supported and can be beneficial Memory minimum 100 MByte Disc minimum 500 kByte for 1 calculation eventually more depending on the option 9 Programming language s used Computer language on LINUX FreeBASIC on WINDOWS FreeBASIC and Just Basic 10 Operating system under which the program is ex
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22. hell The function u_shell returns the ground state shell effect from the Strutinsky type model calculation of Moller et al Input Atomic number Z Nuclear mass number A Function u_shell_exp The function u_shell_exp returns the ground state shell effect from the difference of em pirical mass and Thomas Fermi mass without even odd fluctuations Input Atomic number Z Nuclear mass number A Function u_shell_eO_exp The function u_shell_e0_exp returns the difference of the empirical mass and the Thomas Fermi mass It includes shell effect and pairing fluctuation Input Atomic number Z Nuclear mass number A Function u_mass The function u_mass returns the Thomas Fermi macroscopic mass plus the ground state shell correction of Moller et al Input Atomic number Z Nuclear mass number A Function ecoul The function ecoul returns the Coulomb repulsion between two nuclei in the tip tip con figuration Input Z Ay Pi Z2 Ao B2 tip distance d Function beta_light The function beta_light returns the mean deformation of the light fragment of the 2 fission channel 12 General description of fission GEF model OECD 2014 Subroutines Input Atomic number Z of light fragment Function beta_heavy The function beta_light returns the mean deformation of the heavy fragment of the 2 fission channel Input Atomic number Z of heavy fragment Function z_eq
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31. oduct doubtful cases shall be resolved in favor of coverage For a particular 26 General description of fission GEF model OECD 2014 Terms and conditions product received by a particular user normally used refers to a typical or common use of that class of product regardless of the status of the particular user or of the way in which the particular user actually uses or expects or is expected to use the product A product is a consumer product regardless of whether the product has substantial commercial industrial or non consumer uses unless such uses represent the only significant mode of use of the product Installation Information for a User Product means any methods procedures authorization keys or other information required to install and execute modified versions of a covered work in that User Product from a modified version of its Corresponding Source The information must suffice to ensure that the continued functioning of the modified object code is in no case prevented or interfered with solely because modification has been made If you convey an object code work under this section in or with or specifically for use in a User Product and the conveying occurs as part of a transaction in which the right of possession and use of the User Product is transferred to the recipient in perpetuity or for a fixed term regardless of how the transaction is characterized the Corresponding Source conveyed under this sect
32. ons isomeric yields prompt neutron yields and prompt neutron spectra prompt gamma spectra and several other quantities for a wide range of fis sioning nuclei from polonium to seaborgium in spontaneous fission and neutron induced fission Multi chance fission fission after emission of neutrons is included For neutron induced fission the pre compound emission of neutrons is considered Output is provided as tables and as parameters of fission observables on an event by event basis Specific features of the GEF code The mass division and the charge polarisation are calculated assuming a statistical population of states in the fission valleys at freeze out The freeze out time considers the influence of fission dynamics and is not the same for the different collective variables The separability principle 1 governs the interplay of macroscopic and microscopic effects Five fission channels are considered The strengths of the shells in the fission valleys are identical for all fissioning systems The mean positions of the heavy fragments in the asymmetric fission channels are essentially constant in atomic number as suggested by experimental data 2 The stiffness of the macroscopic potential with respect to mass asymmetry is de duced from the widths of measured mass distributions 3 The excitation energy sorting mechanism 4 7 determines the prompt neutron yields and the odd even effect in fission fragment yields of even Z and od
33. opriate Legal Notices to the extent that it includes a convenient and prominently visible feature that 1 displays an appropriate copyright notice and 2 tells the user that there is no warranty for the work except to the extent that warranties are provided that licensees may convey the work under this License and how to view a copy of this License If the interface presents a list of user commands or options such as a General description of fission GEF code OECD 2014 23 Terms and conditions menu a prominent item in the list meets this criterion 1 Source Code The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for making modifications to it Object code means any non source form of a work A Standard Interface means an interface that either is an official standard defined by a recognized standards body or in the case of interfaces specified for a particular programming language one that is widely used among developers working in that language The System Libraries of an executable work include anything other than the work as a whole that a is included in the normal form of packaging a Major Component but which is not part of that Major Component and b serves only to enable use of the work with that Major Component or to implement a Standard Interface for which an implementation is available to the public in source code form A Major Component in this context means a major essential co
34. ple collective excitation energies at scission Sum up to Ef and EF of fully accelerated fragments e Calculate Q value Deduce TKE from energy conservation TKE Q Ej E gt e Sample angular momenta of fragments 8 General description of fission GEF model OECD 2014 e Prompt neutron and prompt gamma emission from fragments Calculate post neutron Z4 Z5 A A5 TKE Determine relative yields of isomeric states e End Monte Carlo loop sample all distributions e End multi chance loop General description of fission GEF code OECD 2014 Subroutines 5 Subroutines Function getyield The function getyield returns the unnormalized yield of a fission channel Input Excitation energy relative to the outer barrier height Temperature above the barrier constant temperature regime Effective temperature below the barrier for tunneling Function masscurv The function masscurv returns the curvature of the macroscopic potential for mass asymmetric distortions according to the systematics of Rusanov et al Input Z of fissioning nucleus A of fissioning nucleus Function d_e_saddle_scission The function d_e_saddle_scission returns the potential energy gain from fission barrier to scission according to Asghar and Hasse Input Z A of fissioning nucleus Function t_egidy The function t_egidy returns the temperature parameter of the constant t
35. properties Nuclide yields Y Z A Spin distribution P J Z A Excitation energy distribution P E Z A In contrast to the Monte Carlo version correlations between the fission observables cannot be provided due to the deterministic structure of the computations 22 General description of fission GEF model OECD 2014 Terms and conditions 16 Terms and conditions Authors of the GEF code General description of fission observables are 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Dr Karl Heinz Schmidt Rheinstrasse 4 64390 Erzhausen Ger many and Dr Beatriz Jurado Centre d Etudes Nucl aires de Bordeaux Gradignan Chemin du Solarium Le Haut Vigneau BP 120 33175 Gradignan Cedex France This program is free software you can redistribute it and or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation either version 3 of the License or at your option any later version This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PUR POSE See the GNU General Public License http www gnu org licenses for more details The precise terms and conditions for copying distribution and modification follow GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE Version 3 29 June 2007 Copyright C 2007 Free Software Foundation Inc lt http fsf org gt Everyone is permitted
36. re Spin of first fragment after scission I2pre Spin of second fragment after scission ni Prompt neutrons emitted from first fragment n2 Primpt neutrons emitted from second fragment TKEpre Pre neutron total kinetic energy MeV TKEpost Post neutron total kinetic energy MeV ee HK KH HK HK HK In separate lines Prompt post scission neutrons including acceleration phase 0 E1 cos thetal phil E2 cos theta2 phi2 E3 cos theta3 phi3 Energies MeV in lab frame and angles vs direction of light fragment of all post scission neutrons 1 Eil E21 E31 Energies MeV of neutrons emitted from light fragment in frame of light fragment 2 Elh E2h E3h Energies MeV of neutrons emitted from heavy fragment in frane of heavy fragment Calculation with nominal model parameters 40 54 98 142 96 140 4 0 3 0 2 2 172 58 169 51 0 2 85 0 75 182 2 0 80 0 96 240 7 2 80 0 50 323 4 0 58 0 54 72 3 0 09 2 12 1 66 61 83 157 82 156 1 5 4 5 1 1 167 69 166 00 2 77 0 50 84 3 0 03 0 69 237 3 a w 3 N n 3 19 0 54 257 4 1 90 0 55 106 7 D 52 103 137 103 135 6 5 8 5 0 2 192 03 190 83 1 2 3 0 1 2 39 55 98 142 97 141 4 0 7 0 1 1 177 58 176 00 0 1 2 2 0 1 52 0 96 55 5 0 29 0 77 159 2 General description of fission GEF code OECD 2014 19 52 104 136 101 134 5 0 6 0 3 2 176 48 172 47 2 04 0 76 33 3 0 66 0 10 334 8 0 84 0 70 323 8 0 00 0 81 266 0 0 63 0 27 125 1 0 88 1 48 0 55 55 9
37. ricting circumvention of such measures When you convey a covered work you waive any legal power to forbid circumvention of technological measures to the extent such circumvention is effected by exercising rights under this License with respect to the covered work and you disclaim any intention to limit operation or modification of the work as a means of enforcing against the work s users your or third parties legal rights to forbid circumvention of technological measures 4 Conveying Verbatim Copies You may convey verbatim copies of the Program s source code as you receive it in any medium provided that you conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice keep intact all notices stating that this License and any non permissive terms added in accord with section 7 apply to the code keep intact all notices of the absence of any warranty and give all recipients a copy of this License along with the Program You may charge any price or no price for each copy that you convey and you may offer support or warranty protection for a fee 5 Conveying Modified Source Versions You may convey a work based on the Program or the modifications to produce it from the Program in the form of source code under the terms of section 4 provided that you also meet all of these conditions a The work must carry prominent notices stating that you modified it and giving a relevant date b The work m
38. se permissions but the entire Program remains governed by this License without regard to the additional permissions When you convey a copy of a covered work you may at your option remove any additional permissions from that copy or from any part of it Additional permissions may be written to require their own removal in certain cases when you modify the work You may place additional permissions on material added by you to a covered work for which you have or can give appropriate copyright permission Notwithstanding any other provision of this License for material you add to a covered work you may if authorized by the copyright holders of that material supplement the terms of this License with terms a Disclaiming warranty or limiting liability differently from the General description of fission GEF code OECD 2014 2 Terms and conditions terms of sections 15 and 16 of this License or b Requiring preservation of specified reasonable legal notices or author attributions in that material or in the Appropriate Legal Notices displayed by works containing it or c Prohibiting misrepresentation of the origin of that material or requiring that modified versions of such material be marked in reasonable ways as different from the original version or d Limiting the use for publicity purposes of names of licensors or authors of the material or e Declining to grant rights under trademark law for use of some tra
39. ui The function z_equi determines the charge polarisation and returns Z in a configuration of two deformed nuclei Z1 Ai 1 Z2 A2 62 in tip tip configuration with a tip distance d by minimising the total potential energy Input ZN A Ao 61 betas d Subroutine beta opt light The subroutine beta_opt_light determines the optimum deformation 6 gt of the light frag ment when the deformation 6 of the heavy fragment is imposed in a tip tip configuration Input Aj Ao Zi Z2 d Bo Subroutine beta_equi The subroutine beta_equi determines the optimum deformation parameters of two de formed nuclei in a tip tip configuration Input Ay Ao 21 Z2 tip distance d Subroutine eva The subroutine eva is a simple evaporation code used for the fragment de excitation cascade It considers neutron evaporation and statistical E1 gamma emission The sub routine eva returns for neutron evaporation the times after scission and the kinetic energies of the neutrons for gamma emission the energies of the photons and the composition Z and A and the excitation energy of the residual nucleus Function u_accel The function u_accel returns the velocity of the fragment 1 at time Tn after scission in units of E MeV A General description of fission GEF code OECD 2014 13 Subroutines Input Ay 2 Ao Z2 pre scission TKE Function p_gamma_low Random generator of gamma energy for gamma emission below
40. ust carry prominent notices stating that it is released under this License and any conditions added under section 7 This requirement modifies the requirement in section 4 to keep intact all notices c You must license the entire work as a whole under this License to anyone who comes into possession of a copy This License will therefore apply along with any applicable section 7 additional terms to the whole of the work and all its parts regardless of how they are packaged This License gives no permission to license the work in any other way but it does not invalidate such permission if you have separately received it d If the work has interactive user interfaces each must display Appropriate Legal Notices however if the Program has interactive interfaces that do not display Appropriate Legal Notices your work need not make them do so A compilation of a covered work with other separate and independent works which are not by their nature extensions of the covered work and which are not combined with it such as to form a larger program General description of fission GEF code OECD 2014 25 Terms and conditions in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium is called an aggregate if the compilation and its resulting copyright are not used to limit the access or legal rights of the compilation s users beyond what the individual works permit Inclusion of a covered work in an aggregate does not cause t
41. y the GUI window If you want to apply any changes use an IDE e g FBIDE for editing any of the source files bas Compile the main routine GEF bas under FreeBASIC The other files are automatically included in the compilation process The GUI is written in JustBasic On LINUX The file GEF zip provides an executable GEF that runs directly in a terminal by entering GEF Do not forget to set the file properties to execute as a program The GUI that is provided in the WINDOWS version may also be used under LINUX by running the WINDOWS version of GEF under WINE without any loss of perfor mance If you want to make any changes to GEF prepare an executable using an IDE e g GEANY with the FreeBASIC compiler GEF bas is the main routine The other files are automatically included in the compilation process Remark Installation of additional packages may be required See http www freebasic net gt Documentation gt User Manual gt Using the FreeBASIC Compiler gt Installing FreeBASIC E g the graphics output requires the installation of the X11 library If the graphics does not work you may suppress it by commenting the following line in GEF bas Include Once DCLPlotting bas Input Required input of GEF e Z and A of fissioning nucleus or target e Excitation mode and excitation energy The user is guided through additional input options by the input dialogue on LINUX or by the G
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