Janus Version 6.0 Tutorial. NPS-MA-97-007
Contents
1. i r side 1 side 2 You are now ready to issue initial orders to the units on the screen Further instructions for deployment assignment of sectors of fire establishment of routes etc will be covered in the next section of this tutorial 10 SCENARIO PREPARATION COMMANDS The following section describes the Janus interface panel It will explain how to input commands to battlefield units The scenario we are working with scenario 3 11 portrays an amphibious assault landing at Camp Pendleton CA The landing force side one is composed of several battlefield systems including Amphibious Assault Vehicles and LCACs each carrying an M1 tank The defending force side 2 consists of tanks air defense weapons and barriers positioned in a valley along the coast of Camp Pendleton Enlarge the side 2 Battlefield Graphics Window and familiarize yourself with the position of the forces Note that there are three entities in the upper left hand corner of the screen There is a T 80 tank an artillery piece and a Hind helicopter You will be experimenting with the Janus Interface Panel commands using these battlefield systems These instructions will guide you through each command and familiarize you with operating in the Janus environment You should read through section 1 administrative commands of the Interface Panel and then move on to section 2 maneuver plan where you will begin to input commands to the units on2. 34 A dd a S y NC s n AN r PAZEN M b ANN LISS Lo m Pd OP r xn ANM d ZY NY er t y l ee du i XN 4 eo os lt Enemy Suppressions and Losses Due to Artillery Lower Left Corner Enemy Suppressions and Losses Due to Fixed Wing Top Center and Rotary Wing Far Right Scenario Time 16 02 minutes Figure 5 3 i Ens Figure 6 Coordination of Friendly Forces as They Move Across Red Beach Scenario Time 28 12 minutes 36 M n Ma ing fir IM EN tet eens eric oaks Rea ee PN ess s Ie 2 etn DA MR igure 7 Enemy Losses as the Friendly Forces Move Across Red Beach Scenario Time 28 iZ minutes 16 37 Figure 8 Friendly Forcs Suppressions and Losses as They Move to the Objective Scenario Time 49 38 minutes 38 Distribution List Director Defense Technology Information Center 8725 John J Kingman Road STE 0944 Ft Belvoir V 22060 6218 Director of Research Administration Code 09 Naval Postgraduate School Monterey CA 93943 Library Code 013 Naval Postgraduate School Monterey CA 93943 Professor Bard Mansager Code MA Ma Naval Postgraduate School Monterey CA 93943 5216 Professor Wayne Hughes Code OR H1 Naval Postgraduate School Monterey CA 93943 5216 Chairman Code MA Department of Mathematics Naval Postgraduate School Monterey CA 93943 5216 Major Gerald M Pearman TRAC Monterey Monterey
3. NPS MA 97 007 NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL Monterey California 19980200 086 Janus Version 6 0 Tutorial by Bard K Mansager Gerald M Pearman Larry R Larimer Michael L Shenk 1 October 1996 30 September 1997 Approved for public release distribution is unlimited Prepared for Naval Postgraduate School Monterey California 93943 DTIC QUALITY INSPZOFED S Rear Admiral M J Evans Superintendent This report was prepared by Bard K Mansager Senior Lecturer of Mathematics shed A PD ae aR Larffner TRAC Ft Leavenworth Reviewed by WALTER M WOODS Chairman Department of Mathematics Reproduction of all or part of this report is authorized NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA 93943 R Elster Provost This report was prepared in conjunction with research conducted at the Naval Postgraduate School and fundedby Institute of Joint Warfare Analysis TRAC Monterey Michael L Shenk Mathematics Department Released by D W NETZER Associate Provost and Dean of Research REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE E OMB No 0704 0188 ublic reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response including the time for reviewing instructions searching existing data sources jathering and maintaining the data needed and completing and reviewing the collection of information Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of thi
4. CA 93943 5216 Major Larry R Larimer TRAC Ft Leavenworth Ft Leavenworth KS 66027 Captain P Michael L Shenk Naval Postgraduate School Monterey CA 93943 39 of copies 2 Ct be
5. area is a square that is subdivided into 360 000 600 x 600 grid cells The size of each grid cell is referred to as the resolution of the terrain Commonly used resolutions are 25 50 and 100 meters which correspond to an overall exercise area of 15 30 or 60 square kilometers respectively This research used 100 meter resolution Assigned to each grid cell are characteristics existing within its boundaries including elevation vegetation roads water and urban areas These characteristics are homogeneous throughout the cell For example if the elevation assigned is 100 meters then the entire cell is at an elevation of 100 meters Terrain impacts movement and LOS calculations within the model s algorithms A more detailed description of the model can be found in 1 SCENARIO A scenario employing land air and sea forces is used to stimulate the student s interest and to place him into a familiar operational environment The scenario consists of an am phibious assault at Red Beach Camp Pendelton California In the simulation the Blueforce friendly forces consists of both fixed and rotary wing aircraft ships for both transport and naval gunfire support landing craft and amphibious assault vehicles AAVs supported by tanks The Red force enemy forces consists of antiaircraft weapons barriers dismounted troops with antitank weapons personnel carriers artillery and tanks Appendix B contains Janus screens at various stages of th
6. deep helicopter strike to the south followed by an amphibious landing in the center supported by naval gunfire In the north rotary and fixed wing air assets will conduct a supporting attack Commanders and staffs can train for such a scenario using Janus a legacy simulation which possesses many proven features 2 JANUS OVERVIEW Janus is a high resolution interactive ground combat computer simulation It allows you to simulate the combat interaction of friendly and enemy forces Each element is viewed on the Janus screen as an icon The icon may represent one or more pieces of equipment For example one icon may represent one tank or it may represent a platoon of tanks This tutorial will show you how to tell the difference 3 TUTORIAL OVERVIEW This document is a tutorial for the beginning Janus user on the HP workstation We provide a step by step method to learn the fundamentals of Janus quickly The first time user should follow the tutorial in sequence The more experienced user can skip any section that is not relevant This document does not cover all functions of Janus We introduce the basic functional commands and features of the model that allow you to use Janus as a research tool 4 COMMANDS During the execution of Janus the primary input method for commands is a three key mouse The three key mouse and the keyboard provide four basic Janus command inputs 4 shift key any mouse key The 3 key mouse has
7. four control outputs Each key performs a separate control function Viewing the mouse from above the left key is the 1 key the center key is the 2 key the right key is the 3 key and any key together with the shift key on the keyboard is the 4 key The Janus users manual assigns colors to these mouse command functions 1 key white key 2 key yellow key 3 key blue key 4 key green key We will use the following commands and terms frequently in this tutorial left click center click right click shiftclick double click icon the most common control function press the 1 key press the 2 key press the 3 key press any key while holding the shift key down press the appropriate key twice rapidly a graphical representation of a piece of equipment The icon may represent one or more elements For example one icon may represent a platoon of tanks or only one tank icon window a fully reduced window looks like an icon We will often use the preceding control functions together with a reference to a specific icon command function or geographic feature For example left click an icon means to move the mouse on its pad until the screen cursor is positioned on an icon then press the left mouse key 5 OTHER COMMANDS There are two enter keys on the keyboard In Janus these keys have different functions We will refer to the enter
8. maneuver across Red Beach and secure an area for the following Landing Craft Air Cushion LCACs to land The LCACs unload an M1 tank on land and then return to the open ocean The Apache gunships join the attack force on the beach and together continue to attack into Las Pulgas Canyon toward Camp Pulgas A squad of AAVs move into an overwatch position in the high ground to the southwest of Las Pulgas Canyon 3 e 46 60 minutes Blue and Red forces located in the objective area begin to exchange fire The Blue force begins its final assault on the objective CONCLUSION This tutorial provides the student with an adequate introduction to the Janus 6 0 model It will familiarize him her with the basic mechanics of the model and allow the user to rapidly develop a simple combat scenario The goal is to start using the simulation quickly and in the most efficient manner REFERENCES 1 Department of the Army Software User s Manual version 6 3 UNIX Model Simu lation Training and Instrumentation Command Orlando Florida 2 Department of the Army Database Manager s Manual version 6 0 UNIX Model Simulation Training and Instrumentation Command Orlando Florida APPENDIX A JANUS TUTORIAL JANUS TUTORIAL 1 1 INTRODUCTION The amphibious task force commander clears his throat and everyone comes to order The commander begins Y ou ve all been briefed on the situation Make sure you understand my intent I want a
9. of UNIT prior to clicking on the unit icon c NBC If NBC is enabled V displayed the unit is in protective gear NBC status is enabled disabled similar to HF 22 ge BRE If BRE is enabled V displayed those units with breach capability will begin conducting breaching operations even if no minefield obstacle is in the vicinity of the enabled unit Breaching units move slower than non breaching units BRE status is enabled disabled similar to HF SPR If SPR is enabled V displayed those units are in a sprint mode and will move at maximum possible speed SPR does not affect flying units SPR status is enabled disabled similar to HF DEFL If DEFL is enabled V displayed those units are in full defilade When in full defilade the unit cannot engage enemy units except in self defense although they can see the enemy Units in full defilade are not visible until the enemy is within 50 meters Units in partial defilade white line displayed will engagethe enemy DEFL status is enabled disabled similar to HF REPORT KILLS Selecting KILLS displays original number of friendly systems by type remaining systems system losses and total losses Selecting KILLS with the center mouse key gives information for selected task force Selecting KILLS with the left key gives the same information for all forces assigned to the workstation Selecting KILLS with the right key gives the same information for the enti
10. point r ENGAREAS DELETE To delete an engagement area select DELETE then select the desired engagement area SECTION 4 ARTILLERY PLANNING This section describes the basics of how to plan artillery We will ignore most of the commands under artillery planning since they are beyond the scope ofthis tutorial For this simulation you will fire only HE no timed missions no priority targets and no converging sheafs You will use the Janus Battlefield Graphics window along with the Artillery Planning section of the interface panel Experiment with these commands using your artillery piece Note In order for your artillery piece to receive and fire missions it must be at a stop triangle see maneuver plan section and ensure your artillery piece is at a stop triangle before proceeding a PLAN Command This command allows you to set up fire missions 1 Left click on the PLAN command It should now be highlighted and artillery capable elements on the battlefield are highlighted with a white X as below 2 Left click on one of the artillery capable icons and two concentric circles will appear with the icon at the center The large circle represents the maximum range of the artillery piece for high explosive munitions The small circle represents the danger close distance an artillery piece will not fire within this small circle 3 Move the cursor away from the artillery piece Note that an orange line connects the cursor to the art
11. AL Run so type a 1 at the Select Run Type and press the return key as follows Select Run Type 1 return Now the xterm window will display lines indicating that files are being read by the HP system and a new menu will appear titled Janus RUNTIME SCREENS The window looks as follows 11 DEP Eoen Definitio Eeri 7 Termii at elect OUptiar This screen allows you to review information about friendly and enemy forces associated with this specific scenario allocate Janus workstations allocate obstacle resources to units and review some of the parameters Janus uses to operate Additionally we will start our Janus run from this screen For now we are only concerned with Janus work station assignments and starting the simulation Select SCREEN II Work Station Assignments option two letter code 22 enter the code by typing 22 at the Select Option prompt and press the enter key this is where we begin to use the numeric keypad enter key Select Option gt 22 enter The screen will now change to Janus SCREEN IT This screen allows the user to set the proper work station numbers so that the friendly and enemy forces in your scenario appear on your monitor Make your screen look as follows 12 Hl Mance 1 L4TE hist You must verify that the two work station numbers you were given are listed in the WS Number columns and that these two work station numbers cor
12. NING seyr Zi KEE e Administrative Screen Control ae dient f CLOCKS SECTION 1 ADMINISTRATIVE ven BH FoR 3a Ca Ia Pu Pu To TASK The five numbers to the right of TASK ri are the task force numbers of units on the RE screen Pick one of these numbers to display that task force number slightly above and to the E a dada bos i right ofthe unit symbol Try thiscommandby E c i nue choosing Task 1 or2 on either the side 1 or side E Acme gar Bus 2 window You should see small numbers appear by various icons on the map Wen RTI Far Mawr Mi MINE DENSITY The three options in this section are L for low 40 mines M for medium 80 mines and H for high 160 mines They refer to the density in a 50 000m2 area Mine density appliesto FASCAM and vehicle emplaced minefields but not to hand emplaced minefields FLIGHT MODE Flight mode 1 causes aircraft to fly low and slow and flight mode 2 causes aircraft to fly high and fast TIMER The TIMER function is used with other functions to plan future events such as prearranged artillery fire or scheduled unit movements ENG AREAS ON When enabled this function activates engagement areas for direct fire weapons Units will engage other units within engagement areas according to the firing criteria specified previously on Janus Screen IV 17 FLOOR The FLOOR function sets the current floor number for buildings This function is used in conjunction wi
13. U S Army TRADOC Analysis Center White Sands Missile Range New Mexico TRAC WSMR The model is fielded throughout the armed forces as a tool for trainers and analysts for testing research and combat development The model operates on the UNIX based Hewlett Packard work station Janus is capable of simulating water weather rotary and fixed wing aircraft day and night visibility and obstacles The model uses line of sight LOS algorithms to detect targets and makes provisions for several detection leaves e g detect recognize and classify A target must be within both LOS and a weapon s range in order for an engagement to occur Engagement outcomes are then determined from probability of hit Ph and probability of kill Pk tables in the database The Ph and Pk data used are representative of capabilities of actual weapons and are produced by TRAC WSMR and the Army Material Systems Analysis Activity AMSAA Distinct Phs and Pks are provided depending upon the posture of each force stationary moving exposed defilade and flank head on exposure The Janus terrain database is a digitized representation of real world terrain and was distributed by the National Imagery and Mapping Agency NIMA and the Waterways Experimentation Station WES Vicksburg MS The data is converted from a profile plot to a contour plot for use in the Janus model Within Janus the user can initialize the size of the exercise area based upon his needs The represented
14. al 16 CONCLUSIONS This tutorial is an adequate introductionto the Janus simulation It will accustom you to Janus and allow you to conduct a simple combat scenario As you become more familiar with Janus you may want to explorethe more complicated and realistic aspects of the system 29 APPENDIX B GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF JANUS SIMULATION 30 Figure 1 Friendly Forces at the Start of the Scenario Scenario Time 0 00 minutes 31 SS Fi AN TES We Wn WN ro i e a l MAN eser om AE NS aks Figure 2 Enemy Forces at the Start of the Scenario Scenario Time 0 00 minutes 32 Figure 3 Friendly Assault Forces at the Start of the Scenario Scenario Time 0 00 minutes 3 TS fe rS i mem AN 1 v A 2 n d MN RS mb EN sO P L P p RA M A S s DEM mu 5 s AN QM 4 i of i f e A nent A Ae S Xs t y a t 5 Y X A A Figure 4 Closer View of the Enemy Forces at the Start of the Scenario Scenario Time 6 00 minutesj
15. ation may be different Verify the scenario number assigned to the Camp Pendleton simulation with the system administrator Without loss of generality this tutorial will reference 311 as the appropriate scenario Enter the number of the scenario inside the square brackets and then push the return as follows Enter the Scenario Number for this run 1 999 311 return A new line will appear asking for a run number between 1 and 99 The run number is an administrative control that allows you to vary your scenario and capture output from different variations in separate output files For now the run number you select is not important We recommend run number 1 Enter the appropriate number in the square brackets and press the return key as follows Enter the Run Number for this run 1 99 01 return At this point there are two possible outcomes 1 Two new lines appear which read RUN number XXX has already been made Enter XX to stop or press RETURN to continue If this occurs a previous student has run the scenario using the same run number that you just inputted Simply press the return key to continue you will write over the previous student s output file but that s OK 2 Onenew line appears which reads Enter XX to stop or press RETURN to continue l If this occurs simply press the return key to continue Next a Janus Run Types Menu will appear which prompts you to select a run type We want a NORM
16. ck on the ALT Command This should highlight the command Left click on the icon whose route you wish to alter The icon s current route will be displayed in white You may now left click on and move any triangle except the one covering the icon Placethe triangle in the new location and center click 19 d DEL Command Allows you to delete a single leg from a previously entered route 1 Left click on the DEL Command 2 Left click on the icon whose route you want to alter The icon s current route will be displayed in white 3 Left click on the triangle you want to delete and it will disappear leaving that portion of the route that exists without the triangle you deleted e CAN Command If you want to cancel a route 1 Left click the task force number of the unit you wish to affect 2 Left click the CAN command The command should be highlighted 3 Left click on the icon whose route you want to delete The current route will apper in white Left click again and the route should be removed The unit becomes stationary f SHOW Command If you want to view the routes again 1 Left click the task force number of the unit whose route you want to see The number should be highlighted and task force numbers will appear over all units on the simulation screen that are part of that task force 2 Left click on the SHOW command The assigned routes for the task force you ve selected will b
17. combat models In an environment impacted by changing weapon systems doctrine and tactics modeling is the centerpiece for analysis High resolution modeling provides the warfare specialist an opportunity to examine the effects of new technologies on the joint battlefield long before the development of the actual system Additionally high resolution modeling provides a method to evaluate new doctrine and tactics and their impact on the battlefield A graduate of the joint warfare curriculum must have a firm grasp of the capabilities and limitations of models to make sound decisions for the 21st century force RESEARCH OBJECTIVES The goal of this research is to provide a methodology enabling a student to quickly become familiar with a combat model The main product of this research is a tutorial allowing a student to learn how Janus works Appendix A Although this familiarity is rudimentary the student can use this introduction to expand his knowledge of high resolution models as the need arises The Janus model version 6 0 is the model of choice for this study although the same methodology applies to other high resolution models BACKGROUND Janus is the premier high resolution model used by the U S Army It is named after the two faced Roman god who guards portals Janus is an interactive work station based war gaming simulation used for combat operations at brigade level and below Janus is developed maintained and distributed by the
18. d unit CLDS Janus can simulate smoke pots The user inputs smoke into the scenario using JANUS SCREEN 111 The smoke pot symbols are a square with a smoke insignia inside Smoke pots are deployed during the preparation phase of the scenario using the DEPLOY command The smoke pots must be activated after you start the simulation by clicking the SETOBS command and then clicking on the smoke pot symbol After clicking on the smoke pot symbol the symbol will disappear The CLDS command allows the user to turn the smoke display on and off When you activate CLDS all smoke clouds appear on the screen in the form of a circle When CLDS is off no smoke symbols appear on the screen but smoke is still in effect ROTATE VIEW FORM These functions allow the user to orient unit view fans and unit formations Selectthe desired function then select the unit icon to be adjusted Adjust the view or formation by positioning the cursor in the desired direction on the map and clicking the center mouse key BAR Janus can simulatethree different barriers obstacles They are road craters abatis and minefields The user inputs barriers obstacles into the scenario using JANUS SCREEN 111 Minefields are represented by rectangular with dimensions as set in the database Road craters are represented by two diagonal slashs inside a circle Abatis are represented by an upside down V with an attached line Barriers obstacles are deployed during the prepara
19. ded If you are not saving the run the frequency can be left blank Type frequency then return This completes the START process and the simulation begins You can now experiment with the Janus interface panel commands during the simulation run 15 STOP SIMULATION AND LOG OFF After the simulation run has begun you may stop the simulation and exit at any time Stop and exit the simulation by right clicking on the ADMIN command in section 5 of the Janus interface panel This will bring up a window that looks as follows 28 To end the simulation enter the two letter code EJ at the prompt at the bottom of the ADMIN window and press the enter key This will end the simulation run and bring you back to the Program Execution screen Place the mouse pointer anywhere on this Program Execution screen and right click Now you are returned to the Janus User Options menu Enter XX at the Enter Option prompt at the bottom of the screen and press return or enter You have now exited Janus and you should only see the HP desktop with an icon bar across the bottom of the screen In the extreme lower right corner of the icon bar is an icon key titled EXIT Left click on the EXIT key and a Logout Confirmation window will appear in the middle of the computer screen Left click on OK and the system will automatically log you off and return to prepared to log on status You have now successfully completed this tutori
20. e and Graph Tablets When all work station numbers are correct then press the enter key This will return you to the Janus RUNTIME SCREENS menu 13 8 PREPARATION FOR MAP ENVIRONMENT You are now ready to enter the map environment Find the two letter code for Begin Janus it should be JJ enter the code at the Select Option prompt and press the enter key Select Option gt JJ enter At this point you will seein the xterm window that Janus is reading the terrain files and setting up the Battlefield Graphics windows You will know that the setup is complete when the following two conditions are met a The text in the xterm window will read Scenario XXX Forces Arty DF Total Side Units Units Units 1 30 147 177 2 13 165 178 NOTE Your numbers may not match the above example they are scenario dependent b An icon window will appear for each of the sides you set up in the Janus Workstation menu For example if you are running a scenario with side 1 and side 2 and you set up Janus Screen TI Workstation menu to display both sides on your HP workstation then there should be two icon windows in the upper left corner of the screen labeled side 1 and side 2 2 HIGH RESOLUTION BATTLEFIELD GRAPHICS Note Janus uses digitized terrain developed by the Defanse Mapping Agency DMA The terrain appears in a form familiar to military users displaying elevation con
21. e battle The scenario s general time sequencing is as follows a 0 15 minutes The Red force conducts patrolling operations in the vicinity of Las Pulgas Canyon overlooking Red Beach and the areas surrounding Camp Pulgas Air defenses are in a layered defense beginning at Red Beach and ending in the hills northeast of Camp Pulgas Red artillery is positioned in the hills to the east of Camp Pulgas b 16 25 minutes The Red force observes the amphibious assault force approaching approximately four kilometers off shore moves into hasty defensive positions and calls for artillery support The Blue force uses naval gunfire to suppress enemy activity on the hills overlooking Red Beach AH 64 Apache helicopter gunships approach Camp Pendelton south of Red Beach and proceed inland following Santa Margarita River Fixed wing aircraft approach Camp Pulgas from the northwest along San Onofre Canyon Red air defense forces observe and fire on the Blue air assets The Apache helicopters engage Red artillery to neutralize their effectiveness prior to the forthcoming amphibious assault c 26 30 minutes Blue fixed wing aircraft engage Red air defense forces to the northeast of Camp Pulgas The AAVs begin their assault onto Red Beach firing at enemy positions overlooking the beach Naval gunfire shifts from the area of Red Beach to the Camp Pulgas objective area d 31 45 minutes Enemy forces hold their positions although incurring heavy losses The AAVs
22. e displayed in orange g XINL Command Allows you to give different icons the same route so that they follow behind one another not needed for this tutorial h XONL Command Allows you to give different icons the same route so that they move abreast not needed for this tutorial i STOP and GO Commands These commands allow you to stop an entire task force s movement or start an entire task force s movement 1 Left click on the task forces you want to effect 20 Left click on the GO command and the entire task force will initiate movement any current STOP triangles will change to GO triangles Left click on the STOP command and the entire task force will stop movement current GO triangles will changeto STOP triangles j LOS Command Displays an element s field of view and what it can see Line 1 Left click on the LOS command The command should now be highlighted Left click on the icon for the element you want to check A sector arc will appear that shows the line of sight in the field of view that was last assigned to that unit see section 3 View command The dashed white line indicates the center of the sector between left and right lateral limits The orange lines are areas where vision is unimpeded while deadspots areas the element cannot see are represented by missing segments in the orange radial lines The maximum visibile range of the element is represented by the far white arc The maximum
23. e model and be able to construct a simple scenario The tutorial is intended to be a first step which efficiently teaches the student basic model use SUBJECT TERMS 15 NUMBER o fo PES CODE Autonomous Legged Underwater Vehicle Crabs Mine Countermeasure E Janus 16 7 SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 18 SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 19 SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 20 LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT CF REPORT OF THIS PAGE OF ABSTRACT JNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED SN 7540 01 280 5500 Standard Form 298 Rev 2 89 Prescribed by ANSI Std 239 18 298 102 Janus Version 6 0 Tutorial Bard K Mansager Gerald M Pearman Mathematics Department TRAC Monterey Naval Postgraduate School Monterey CA 93943 Monterey CA 93943 Larry R Larimer Michael L Shenk TRAC Ft Leavenworth Mathematics Department Ft Leavenworth KS 66027 Naval Postgraduate School Monterey CA 93943 December 1997 Abstract A self paced tutorial is presented using the Janus version 6 0 high resolution com bat model Utilizing a scenario incorporating air sea and land forces in a coordinated amphibious landing the student is introduced to rudimentary use of the model The goal is to become quickly familiar with the model and be able to construct a simple scenario The tutorial is intended to be a first step which efficiently teaches the student basic model use INTRODUCTION Joint warfare analysis experts must have a sound background in the use of
24. illery icon Choose a target that is outside of the small danger close circle but inside of the large maximum range circle Left click on the target The orange line now disappears and a white dashed line appears in its place Additionally there is now a target reference point at the target location with a fire mission number next to it The artillery element you picked will fire this mission first when the simulation is started followed in sequence by any additional fire missions you add b CANCEL Command This command allows you to cancel a previously planned fire mission 1 Left click on the CANCEL command 2 Left click on the icon whose fire mission you want to cancel The white circles will appear along with the lines and target reference points which represent that artillery piece s fire missions 3 Identify the mission you want to cancel and left click on the target reference point which represents that mission The mission should disappear it is now cancelled c To exitthe artillery planning mode left click on any of the commands in the MANEUVER PLAN command group section 2 SECTION 5 ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS a ZOOM This function allows you to magnify portions ofthe map Selectthe desired magnification by clicking on the zoom scale then click on the map location to be magnified The counter next to ZOOM indicates the zoom scale b PREV NEXT These functions allow you to easily switch between the previo
25. key located in the main section of the keyboard usually just above the right shift key as the return key We will refer to the other enter key located in the expanded section of the keyboard on the numeric keypad at the far right as the enter key 6 LOGGINGON Each HP terminal in the computer lab is associated with a specified number of Janus workstations Before logging on you must know the workstation numbers for your terminal Make note of the workstation numbers because they will become important later in the tutorial Your workstation number is located in the XASSIGN DAT file in the HP file manager Note to first time UNM users If at any time while in an hpterm or xterm window these windows are described later and you are unable to make the screen respond to your commands the screen appears to freeze or you have generally lost control of the situation push the control key and the C key at the same time This will terminate any program that is currently running and allow you to start over from the beginning To log on With the mouse left click on the space provided for your username The blinking cursor should now appear in the leftmost area of the username space Type your username in the space provided and press the tab key on the keyboard The blinking cursor should now appear in the space provided for your password Type your password in the space provided and press the return key A
26. range of the primary weapon system is represented by the purple arc To check the LOS for a location with no icon move the cursor to the new position and click A full 360 degree field of view will appear If you find this position s LOS to be more favorable then deploy see para below Deploy command the unit to the center of the LOS circle and recheck the element s LOS to verify proper placement k MOUNT Command Allows you to mount one system on another for movement and protection infantrymento mount in fighting vehicles tanks to mount in LCACs etc This function will not be used in this tutorial l DISMOUNT Command Allows you to dismount one system from another m PREPOS Command Allows you to establish prepared positions that will increase your elements survivability and concealment Janus will allow you up to 600 prepared positions The positions are depicted on the graphics screen as Infantry Prepared Position Xj 21 23 EC Vehicle Prepared Position EM 4 A TN PA Helicopter Pop up Position OK j 1 To create a prepared position left click on the PREPOS command move to the location where you want to place the prepared position Left click to create an infantry prepared position Center click to create a vehicle prepared position Right click to create a helicopter pop up position If you place a prepared position on top of an icon the icon is now in a prepared position 2 To remove a prepared po
27. re inside of it Now type menu as shown below and press the return key hpl menu return This will start Janus and the following Janus User Options window will appear You are now logged on and ready to proceed in Janus 7 JANUS ADMINISTRATIVE COMMANDS This main Janus menu screen lists several command options two letter option codes and a user prompt at the bottom ofthe screen which reads Enter Option For this tutorial we will only be concerned with the Program Execution option which has the two letter code PE Type PE at the Enter Option prompt and press the return key as follows Enter Option PE return The following Program Execution screen will appear This screen allows you to edit and adjust many aspects of the scenario prior to a run For now we are only interested in the Janus Execution option two letter code TE Type JE at the Enter Option prompt and press the return key as follows Enter Option JE return The following line should appear in the xterm screen that you started earlier Enter the Scenario Number for this run 1 999 l Highlight the xterm screen by moving your mouse pointer anywhere on the xterm screen and left click once This tutorial was designed around scenario 3 11 an amphibious landing at Camp Pendleton CA so this is the scenario we recommend This scenario number is not specific to the Janus environment so the actual scenario number assigned to this simul
28. re side REPORT TF Selecting TF with the center mouse key displays a text report on the currently selected task force Selecting TF with any other mouse key displays the unit number of each unit in the selected task force on the map below the icon REPORT INFO Selecting INFO and selecting a specific icon with the center mouse key displays the same text report as TF for the selected icon Selecting an icon with the left key displays the unit s grid location Selecting an icon with the right key displays the unit s routes Selecting an icon with the shift click key displays the unit s ammunition status FRIENDS When the user plays fratricide Janus disables FRIENDS When the user does not play fratricide the FRIENDS report displays all same side units assigned to other workstations and all different side units that are not enemies if line of sight exists between them and a unit of your workstation ARTY Selecting ARTY with the left center or right mouse key displays currently planned artillery missions Selecting ARTY using shift click displays all target reference points INTEL Selecting INTEL with the center mouse key draws a line between the detecting units and all units they currently detect Selecting INTEL with the 23 left key displays the last 25 units detected within the last ten minutes which are no longer detected Selecting INTEL with the right key displays aggregation level and formation of each currently detecte
29. respond to Side 1 friendly forces and Side 2 enemy forces For example if your work station numbers are 1 and 5 then there should be a 1 and a 5 in the WS Number column with either a 1 or a 2 in the Side column for work station 1 and a 1 or a 2 whichever is not associated with work station 1 in the Side column for work station 5 If the workstation numbers do not match yours change them Janus is capable of playing up to six sides Ensure workstations are properly assigned when playing multiple sides Press the return key and the blue blinking cursor will cycle through the positions on the screen If you go too far you can use the backspace key to cycle backwards through the positions or you can move the mouse pointer over the location of the option you need to change and left click When the blue blinking cursor is over the number to be corrected type in the correct number NOTE You cannot assign two sides to one work station You should have at least two work station numbers and each of these numbers should be assigned a different side The Group Symb Size and Graph Tablets positions should be assigned the numbers 1 9 and I respectively just as you see in the screen representation above If they are not correct change them to the appropriate numbers See chapter 6 Software User s Manual Version 6 3 for descriptions of Group Symb Siz
30. s Use the ARTY PLAN command to plan all artillery fire missions This tutorial covers only HE immediate fire missions See chapter 7 Software User s Manual Version 6 3 for Artillery Planning involving converged sheafs timed targets and priority targets f Close Air Support Select desired FLIGHT MODE command Select desired aircraft icon and provide a suitable route using the EXT command Helicopters can be programmed to pop up at points along a route by using the POP command after the simulation begins See chapter 9 Software User s Manual Version 6 3 for POP command instructions 13 PLAN SAVE When you have accomplished all the scenario planning you may want to save the scenario positions Saving the prepared scenario is important if you want to play the same scenario repeatedly To savethe scenario click the ADMIN command then select Plan Save PS or NEW SCENARIO SAVE NS from the ADMIN menu Select desired save option and return Janus will return to the map window 14 START SIMULATION To start the simulation select the START command on the interface panel for all sides The xterm window will appear The screen will prompt you to type RR when ready Type RR then return The next prompt is whether you want to perform a PLAN SAVE now This is another method to save the scenario Type Y then return to save the plan The screen will then ask for the checkpoint frequency Frequency 3 is recommen
31. s ollection of information Includingsuggestions for reducing this burden te Washington Headquarters Services Directorate for Information Operations and Reports 1215 Jefferson Javis Highway Suite 1204 Arlington VA 222024302 and70 the Office of Managementand Budget Paperwork Reduction Project 0704 0188 Washington DC 20503 I AGENCY USE ONLY Leave blank E REPORT DATE 3 REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERE December 1997 Technical Report 1 Oct 1996 30 Sep 1997 V TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5 FUNDING NUMBERS Janus Version 6 0 Tutorial DFR 6 AUTHOR S Bard K Mansager Gerald M Pearman Larry R Larimer Michael L Shenk PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME S AND ADDRESS ES 8 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER Naval Postgraduate School Monterey CA 93943 5000 NPS MA 97 007 SPONSORING MONITORING AGENCY NAME S AND ADDRESS ES 10 SPONSORING MONITORING AGENCY REPORT NUMBER Institute of Joint Warfare Analysis Naval Postgraduate School Monterey CA 93943 1 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 2a DISTRIBUTION AVAILABILITY STATEMENT 12b DISTRIBUTION CODE Approved for public release distribution is unlimited 3 ABSTRACT Maximum 200 words A self paced tutorial is presented using the Janus version 6 0 high resolution combat model Utilizing a scenario incorporating air sea and land forces in a coordinated amphibious landing the student is introduced to rudimentary use of the model The goal is to become quickly familiar with th
32. sition left click on the PREPOS command then shift click on the prepared position you want to remove SECTION 3 STATUS This section allows you to change several of your units parameters review data concerning friendly forces adjust you units field of view and other functions a UNIT TASK BLDG The first commands under Status are the Unit Task Bldg commands These commands determine the scope of the changes you make in parameters For example if you left click on Unit then left click on NBC and then left click on one icon only that icon will be effected However if you left click first on Task task force then on NBC and then on an icon all the elements in that icon s task force will be effected Likewise if you first left click on Bldg any adjustments you make to an icon that is inside a building will also effect all other elements that are inside the building b HF This function changesthe hold fire status of aunit If a unit is in a HF status that unit will not engage enemy units until HF is disabled After left clicking the desired TASK number in section 1 UNIT in section 3 and HF the map will display the HF status of the correspondingunits There will be a white V under the icon of units that are in HF status and a white line under units that are not in HF status The user can change the HF status of a unit by clicking on the unit icon You can change an entire task forces HF status by highlighting TASK instead
33. ssumes that the user has already created the scenario forces in the force development editor See chapter 3 Software User s Manual Version 6 3 for force development a Pre deployment Locations When the user develops a new force the unit icons are initially placed in a line at the upper right or left corners of the map you saw this earlier with your three battlefield systems Janus places the new force icons there so the user can easily find and move them to the desired start pre deployment locations Move the units using the previously described DEPLOY command on the interface panel along the right side of the screen to tactically appropriate positions given your knowledge of the upcoming battle Repeat this process until all pre deployment locations are set Ensure each unit icon is oriented in the proper direction using the LOS and VIEW commands b Routes Assign routes to unit icons using the EXT command on the interface panel c Prepared Positions When preparing a defensive plan place desired units in prepared positions utilizing the PREPOS command Ensure these units have proper line of sight using the LOS and VIEW commands d Barrier Emplacement Deploy barriers similar to deploying units using the DEPLOY command Ensure that the barriers are oriented in the proper direction using the BAR command Note that abatis and craters are not obstacles until set after the simulation begins 27 e Artillery Fire Mission
34. t this point two different environments may be encountered depending upon the Janus configuration of the HP workstation If the Janus User Options window depicted on the following page does not appear immediately after log on then continue with the instructions listed below Following these instructions will produce the Janus User Options window A U S Government warning message should appear with an hourglass icon in the center of the screen followed shortly by an HP desktop screen At the extreme bottom of the desktop and just to the left of center there is a computer console icon looks like a computer Left click on this computer icon A window should appear with the word hpterm centered at the top this is called an hpterm window At the top of the hpterm window there is a prompt gt followed by a blinking cursor Type the word xterm no quotation marks and press the return key See below hpi xterm return Now a new window will appear labeled xterm this is an xterm window After the xterm window opens you may now minimize the hpterm window using the following procedure 1 Left clicking on the e at the upper right corner of the hpterm window next to the small box in the extreme upper right corner 2 The hpterm window should reduce to an icon window which is at the upper left corner of your screen labeled hpterm at the bottom Return to the xterm window by left clicking anywhe
35. te line connecting the two triangles In this way you can plot routes as a succession of straight line segments Atthe final checkpoint for the route center click This will end the route planning for that unit and the orange line that follows the cursor will be turned off Refer to the ALT and DEL commands Sections 2b and 2c respectively to alter or delete a route 18 When you are finished setting routes left click the CLEAR command in section 5 of the Interface Panel to clear the screen of all route lines Try creating routes for each your three battlefield systems on side 2 NOTE There are two different types of white triangles which form the corners of your routes 1 A GO triangle looks like the one shown here 2 A STOP triangle looks like this 3 STOP triangles are designedto hold unit atth stoplocationfor specific period of time before the unit is allowed to move to the next leg of its route Timed triangles are beyond the scope of this tutorial 4 To change a STOP triangleto a GO triangle or vice versa Left click on the EXT command Left click on the icon you wish to change This displays the icon s current route Right click on the triangle you want to change from a STOP to a GO triangle The triangle should change to a GO triangle The same procedure works for changing a GO triangle to a STOP triangle c ALT Command Allows you to alter a previously entered route 1 Left cli
36. th MOUNT DISMOUNT and LOS SECTION2 MANEUVER PLAN a DEPLOY Command The Deploy command allows you to reposition your forces prior to the start of the simulation Use the deploy command now to reposition the Tank Artillery Piece and Helicopter that are positioned in the upper left corner ofthe side 2 graphics display You can place them wherever you like for now Later you will want to deploy them tactically for inclusion in the simulation battle l 25 Left click on the Deploy command Left click on the icon you want to move NOTE the cursor cross disappears and the mouse freely moves the icon about the window Move the icon to the new position and left click The cursor cross now returns and the icon is located at the new position Do not forget to check the element s new field of view see VIEW command in the following section to ensure that the weapon system is oriented in the desired direction b EXT Command Routes can be entered prior to the start of the simulation and changed while the simulation is in progress To assign a route to a unit l Left click the EXT command in the Maneuver Plan function group This should highlight the command Left click on the icon whose route you are building A white triangle should appear overthe icon Wherever you move the cursor an orange line follows Move the orange line to the next checkpoint and left click A new triangle should appear where you clicked with a whi
37. the battlefield At this time you may want to run the Camp Pendleton scenario so that you can visualize what a complete Janus scenario run looks like In order to do this go to paragraph 14 Start Simulation on page 23 of this tutorial Follow the start steps and watch the complete amphibious assault When all the action is complete approximately simulation time 75 00 or when you have seen enough action stop the simulation using the procedure outlined in paragraph 15 Stop Simulation and Log Off on page 23 Paragraph 15 also outlines the correct log off procedure you will follow at the conclusion of your Janus session 11 JANUS INTERFACE PANEL Before beginning any scenario the user must take certain preliminary steps To enable the user to do so Janus i pre Deest M Fs displays options along the right side of the screen in the P Purser Mace EN form of the menu you see here the Janus Interface Panel f Ter ZZL Fina The commands are selected by moving the mouse cursor over the command and clicking the left mouse key This WE Anr Woe Cw Sum menu appears at the right of the terrain map for both side 1 E s xe Sree Ge and side 2 forces The menu has the five sections listed POLES Mua Dremomo below Duensv Papon a Administrative TASK MINE DENSITY FLIGHT Luc Task Sis HE Hac Em Cm Deun MODE TIMER Pisan fais FE nes b MANEUVER PLAN 3 farcunz Aare Tare Ens c STATUS mum riw Foxe ak d ARTY PLAN
38. tion phase of the scenario using the DEPLOY command Prior to deploying the barriers obstacles the user should set their orientation To set orientation first click the BAR command Notice the small white circle in the bottom right corner of the window The circle represents the barrier s radius and the white line represents the barrier s orientation Moving the cursor to any point on the circle and clicking on the circle changes the barrier s Orientation Now deploy the barrier obstacle by clicking DEPLOY and moving the cursor to the barrier obstacle you wish to deploy Click that barrier obstacle and move the cursor to the desired location on the map and click again The barrier is then deployed with the previously set orientation Both abatis and road craters must beactivated after you start the simulation by clicking the SETOBS command and then clicking on the abatis or road crater symbol Notice that both abatis and road crater turn from white to purple after activation GROUP RE ORG This function allows the user to change a unit s task l force number Select the desire TASK number select RE ORG then select the desired unit icon Janus will display the new task force number next to the 24 selected icon RE ORG may also be used to transfer units from one workstation to another q ENG AREAS CREATE To create an engagement area select CREATE and left click on the desired map locations to define the area Middle click on the final
39. tours roads rivers vegetation and urban areas The colors used in the model are slightly different than used on military topographic maps elevation contours are brown rivers and other bodies of water are blue roads are brown or gray with white outlines urban areas are yellow and vegetation is green Other features such as pipelines power lines railways and fences can also be portrayed Now double left click on the icon labeled side 1 The resulting window should look similar to the figure below The right side of the screen is an interface panel which you will use to control the forces displayed on the map 14 You can resize the battlefield graphics screen by moving the mouse pointer to the upper right comer of the screen until the pointer changes to a corner symbol When the comer symbol appears left click with the mouse hold the key down and move the mouse to the left and down to make the screen smaller We suggest you shrink the side 1 screento fit in the lower left corner of the monitor Now double left click on the icon labeled side 2 The resulting window displays the side 2 initial positionsjust like the side 1 screen You can also resize this screen in the same manner that you resized the side 1 screen We recommend you grasp the upper left hand comer of the side 2 screen and move it to the lower right corner of your monitor workspace Your computer monitor should now look like this
40. us PREV screen and the original NEXT screen c M This function corresponds to the standard military map scale of 1 50 000 Select M then click on the desired map location The resulting screen will be in the standard military map scale d CLEAR This function removes temporary text displays and graphics from the screen e GRID This function superimposes a UTM grid system on the screen f HELP When this function is selected before another menu option Janus will display a brief explanation of that option 26 g ADMIN Right clicking on the ADMIN function displays an administrative menu Menu options include saving the prepared plan increasing the scenario speed or ending the scenario h CAC This function allows the user to draw Command and Control graphics on the screen i START When this function is selected the Planning Phase ends and the Execution Phase begins All workstations must pick START before the Execution Phase may begin SECTION 6 CLOCKS This section displays the simulated time of day in 24 hour form and the elapsed time in minutes and seconds from the start of the simulation 12 SCENARIO PLANNING You are now ready to input your plan to the units on the screen This section ofthe tutorial includes basic scenario planning Scenario topics covered include pre deployment locations routes prepared positions barrier emplacement artillery fire missions and close air support This tutorial a
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