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User`s Manual for the LISST-100X covering

1. 00 Sec 50 The left hand display is the volume distribution in units of micro liters liter in each size class The right hand display is the Cumulative Concentration Only a single sample is displayed at a time By using the buttons on the bottom of the display it is possible to manually or automatically step through the datafile The Timer button will step through the datafile by updating the display at a fixed rate The rate is set by the slider bar next to the Timer button LISST 100X User s Guide 36 Additional information is stored in the processed datafile The Auxiliary parameter window displays these values for the current sample They will update as the Volume distribution is changed The window is opened by selecting Show Auxiliary Parameters Frame from the DataFrames menu An example of this window is shown below Auxiliary Parameters x Laser Power o mwatts Battery fi 7 5 volts External Instrument 0 003 volts Laser Reference 8 943 mwatts Depth p meters Temperature os deg C Aux 1 B CS Aux 2 io Transmission o Warning Water too turbid Sample Number n Show raw data The scale of the Volume Distribution plot can be changed by using the Scale button After selecting the button a display similar to the one shown below will prompt you for the maximum concentration for the Y axis of the plot
2. Description The SP command sets the stop condition to be used when collecting data The stop condition options are 1 Depth Stop 2 Time Date Stop 3 Mechanical Switch Stop 4 Digital Input Stop LISST 100X User s Guide 54 5 Fixed Number of Samples Stop 6 Maximum memory or Low Battery Stop If no value follows command prompts will be displayed for the value Example input SP 5 PD Set Start Condition Data Syntax PD x or pd x where x is the start condition data Description The PD command sets the start condition data to be used when the collection data The stop condition data is used with the Stop Condition setting For example if the Stop Condition is Depth Stop option 1 the input will be stop depth in meters If the stop condition is set to Time Date Stop option 2 the input for TD will be the stop date and time If the Stop Condition is Fixed Number Stop option 5 the input will be the number of samples to collect before stopping The TD setting is ignored for Mechanical Switch Stop option 3 or Digital Input Stop option 4 Example input PD 12 31 05 23 59 59 or PD 3600 SB Set Samples per Burst Syntax SB x or sb x where x is the number of samples per burst Each sample it taken at the sample interval set by the SI command If no value follows command prompts will be displayed for the value Example input SB 10 SC Set Clock wi
3. Measurements per Average is 10 Higher values can be used but the updating of the display will be reduced The Start and Stop conditions will not be used and therefore their settings are not relevant NOTE It is recommended that if extended Real Time sessions are going to be done that external power and not battery power be used The batteries will be used up fairly quickly during a Real Time session When exiting the Real Time session the power should automatically shut off Pressing the Stop button on the toolbar or the Terminal window will turn off the power Pressing these buttons when the instrument is already off will have no ill effects To open the Real Time session choose Open Real Time Session from the File menu or press the button Choose a background file to use when processing the data Choose an output PSD file A display very similar to the View Processed datafile will be displayed li Lisst Instrument File DataFrames LISST Communication Window Help JZ 21400 za 8 85 3 E Instrument DI x Laser In Situ Scattering and Transmissometry LISST Particle Size Distribution Cumulative Concentration 5 100 1 17 250 1 17 microns microns Sample Number 0 Mean 0 00 Std Dev 0 00 Total Vol Conc 0 00 Sequoia Scientific Inc Sequoia Scientific Inc Tmeorr gt Scale D Interval Sec 5 0 Save Single Sample Use the Timer button to start and stop data collection The slider b
4. Instrument Specific Files The downloaded install file contains some generic instrument specific files These files will need to be replaced with files from the folder containing the previous version of the LISST software Copy the RingArea_Ixxx ASC file and the Factory 25 1xxx ASC files from the previous version s folder or the floppy disk sent with the instrument to the LISST SOP install folder The xxx should be replaced with the serial number of the instrument For example for unit 1001 the files should have the following names RingArea_1001 ASC file and Factory ZSC 1001 ASC Some older versions of the software did not use this naming convention If there are no files with serial numbers in the name copy the RingArea_B ASC or RingArea_C ASC for type C instruments to the new folder and rename it using the serial number naming convention as shown above Similarly copy and rename the Factory ZSC ASC file If multiple instruments are to be used with the LISST SOP copy a RingArea and Factory zsc file for each instrument to the new folder The example files for instruments 1004 and 1005 can be deleted if desired Step 3 Edit InstrumentData txt The InstrumentData Txt file contains a listing of a few basic properties of each instrument to be used with the LISST SOP software Open the file using any text editor such as Notepad The file contains five comma delimited columns of numbers The first column is the four digit serial number of the
5. TP2 Voltage must be present 9 If there is still no connection contact your local distributor or Sequoia directly at info sequoiasci com Be sure to include your full contact info as well as instrument serial number It is also useful for us to know when was the last time you talked to the instrument and what the instrument has been doing since last time you talked to it e g in storage deployed in the field shipped to another location etc Also let us know the results of each of the tests above Q When I try to program the instrument I get this error note Instrument1335 will change depending on the serial number of your instrument A Could not find Instrument1335 section in LISST INI OK LISST 100X User s Guide 88 A Go to your C WINDOWS folder and search for the LISST INI file Open it up in Notepad or a similar text editor Make sure that the section containing your instrument calibration constants are located in the file It not copy them from the LISST INI file that was included on the ship disk for your instrument Then re save the edited LISST INI file in C WINDOWS 89 LISST 100X User s Guide Warranty STATEMENT OF LIMITED EXTENDED WARRANTY This Statement of Limited Extended Warranty applies to the products Products being purchased by Customer from Sequoia Scientific Inc SEQUOIA pursuant to PO the Order The Products include but are not necessarily limited to the followin
6. The table below shows the lower and upper limit of each size bin in microns together with the median size also in microns for each size bin for type B and C instruments Type B Type C Size bin Ring Lower Upper Median Lower Upper Median 1 32 1 25 1 48 1 36 2 50 2 95 2 72 2 31 1 48 1 74 1 60 2 95 3 48 3 20 3 30 1 74 2 05 1 89 3 48 4 11 3 78 4 29 2 05 2 42 2 23 4 11 4 85 4 46 5 28 2 42 2 86 2 63 4 85 S 5 27 6 27 2 86 3 38 3 11 5 72 6 75 6 21 7 26 3 38 3 98 3 67 6 75 7 97 71 33 8 25 3 08 4 70 4 33 7 97 9 40 8 65 9 24 4 70 5 55 5 11 9 40 11 1 10 2 10 23 5 55 6 55 6 03 11 1 13 1 12 1 11 22 6 55 7 72 7 11 13 1 15 4 14 2 12 21 7 72 9 12 8 39 15 4 18 2 16 8 13 20 9 12 10 8 9 90 18 2 DIES 19 8 14 19 10 8 12 7 11 7 21 5 25 4 23 4 15 18 12 7 15 0 13 8 25 4 30 0 21 6 16 17 15 0 17 7 16 3 30 0 35 4 32 5 17 16 17 7 20 9 19 2 35 4 41 7 38 4 18 15 20 9 24 6 22 7 41 7 49 2 45 3 19 14 24 6 29 1 26 7 49 2 58 1 53 5 20 13 29 1 34 3 31 6 58 1 68 6 63 1 21 12 34 3 40 5 SU 68 6 80 9 74 5 22 11 40 5 47 7 43 9 80 9 95 5 87 9 23 10 47 7 56 3 51 9 95 5 113 104 24 9 56 3 66 5 61 2 113 133 122 25 8 66 5 78 4 722 133 157 144 26 T 78 4 92 6 85 2 157 185 170 27 6 92 6 109 101 185 218 201 28 5 109 129 119 218 258 237 29 4 129 152 140 258 304 280 30 3 152 180 165 304 359 331 31 2 180 212 195 359 424 390 32 1 212 250 230 424 500 460 LISST 100X User s Guide 70 The following lines of code in MATLAB will compute the lower upper and median size i
7. WARRANTIES EXPRESS OR IMPLIED SEQUOIA DISCLAIMS ANY AND ALL WARRANTIES EXPRESS OR IMPLIED INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY ARISING FROM COURSE OF PERFORMANCE COURSE OF DEALING OR USAGE OF TRADE OTHER THAN THOSE SPECIFICALLY SET FORTH IN PARAGRAPH 1 5 Exclusive Remedies CUSTOMER S RIGHTS AND REMEDIES SET FORTH IN PARAGRAPHS 2 AND 3 ABOVE ARE EXCLUSIVE AND IN LIEU OF ANY AND ALL OTHER RIGHTS AND REMEDIES FOR ANY BREACH OF OR OTHER FAILURE TO COMPLY WITH ANY WARRANTY WITH REGARD TO ANY PRODUCT 6 No Consequential Damages SEQUOIA will not be liable for any indirect incidental special or consequential damages any cover or any loss of revenue profit data or use 7 Limitations of Liability LISST 100X User s Guide 90 SEQUOIA s liability whether in contract tort or otherwise and notwithstanding any fault negligence strict liability or product liability with regard to any Product including but not limited to any breach of or default under the Order by SEQUOIA will in no event exceed the purchase price paid by Customer to SEQUOIA for such Product Further SEQUOIA will not be liable for or be in breach of or default under the Order on account of any delay or failure to perform as a result of any cause condition or circumstance beyond SEQUOIA s reasonable control 8 Statute of Limitations Customer will not commence
8. any action based on breach of warranty with respect to any Product more than 18 months after SEQUOIA s delivery of such Product 9 Software The Products may include or be delivered with certain computer programs databases or other software that is proprietary to SEQUOIA SEQUOIA hereby grants Customer a nonexclusive license to use such software solely for the purpose of operating Products Customer will not use any such software for any other purpose modify adapt translate or create derivative works based on any such software or disassemble decompile or reverse engineer any such software No title to or ownership of any software or intellectual property rights are transferred to Customer 10 U S Government Restricted Rights Notice All software data technical information and written materials provided by SEQUOIA are provided with restricted rights Use duplication or disclosure by the government is subject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph c 1 ii of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause at 48 C F R 252 227 7013 or in subparagraph c 2 of the Commercial Computer Software Restricted Rights clause at 48 C F R 52 227 19 as applicable Portions of these items may be unpublished SEQUOIA reserves all rights under applicable copyright laws 11 Controlling Document In the event of any conflict or inconsistency between any provision of this Statement of Limited Warranty and any other provision o
9. bien iem ERI PAM 10 replacement sese 65 BioBlock battery replacement sese 86 CODfIgUFIDB ee nennt 85 installation a Rete itera 83 Operating nein eee teres 85 Connectors diagr ms eet ettet 76 Corrosion u 2a ei BER 62 Data deleting from LISST 100X 31 offloading cite cene oom 30 Data Processing Raw data innen een 32 real MMC ws sete Decet o e eter dre 39 Data Storage Format asc estere ite RC E RE riore thane 39 na eric et DRE Rn ides 39 processed data u 75 PS 39 LAW sieh 74 Error Messages could not find Instrumentxxxx 88 no valid query response 87 External I O Ports analog BR huahua hie eee 10 dental sauer phe 10 48 49 External Power Supply 10 Laser Power NOW aa see RB 16 29 low transmitted eene 60 Laser Reference J aayqa yaaa 60 Laser Transmission 74 75 Maintenance eire He 64 Misalignment esee 29 60 LISST 100X User s Guide Mountings a eee es DD unire 62 Operating Mode esee 18 42 E E 43 Fixed sample rate uensenseenneenneenneennennnn 43 real timete ee Een
10. connector both the male bulkhead connector and the cable end see Appendix C Make sure that the cable is connected to the serial port of the PC and proceed as follows Check the voltage between pins 1 and 2 on the communication cable You may need the paperclips to extend the measuring pins of the voltmeter to make a proper contact inside the cable The voltage should read 12 V If it does not the cable may be defect Short the female pins 4 and 5 on the communication cable using one or both paperclips Type some characters into MOTOCROSS They should appear on the screen If they do not the cable may be defect Measure the voltage between pins 3 and 4 of the male bulkhead 5 pin connector on the LISST 100X The voltage will be 0 most of the time and should spike to between 5 to 9V every 2 minutes for about 2 seconds It can be challenging to maintain contact for 2 minutes so take care to ensure constant contact and then watch the voltmeter continuously 6 Remove the end cap and disconnect the main battery Measure the battery voltage on the main battery It should be above 6V and close to 9V for a new battery If it is below 6V replace the battery and try again 7 Locate the test point TP2 minus and P12 plus on the connector endcap board Measure the voltage between the 2 test points This voltage should be the same as for the battery 8 Locate the right hand side of D2 and measure the voltage between the right side of D2 and
11. distribution PSD also called volume distribution in this manual This section describes the principle of operation of your instrument The laser diffraction method for sizing particles was invented in the 1970 s and rapidly became the most widely used optical method for determining size distribution for the simple reason that for laser diffraction the composition or refractive index of the particles is not important This method determines size distribution of an ensemble of particles as opposed to counting type devices that size one particle at a time The reason that laser diffraction is unaffected by composition of particles is that the scattering of laser light is observed at multiple small forward angles At these small angles light scattering is determined almost entirely by light diffracted by the particle The light transmitted through the particle makes only a weak contribution to the measured scattering Since only the light transmitted through the particle would experience the composition of the particle i e its refractive index and since it makes only a weak contribution to the observed scattering the method of laser diffraction is mostly independent of particle composition In the aquatic sciences particle refractive index is poorly known because particles are often a mixture of mineral grains and living and dead particles of biological origin Thus except for shape effects laser diffraction offers an excellent method
12. is a Digital Input Start the program will return to checking the start condition For all other Start conditions the program will stop and return to the L100X prompt Fixed Number of Samples The program will acquire a fixed number of samples before stopping For the Fixed Sample Rate mode the number of samples saved is checked after each sample is saved In the Burst mode the number of samples is checked only after each burst Therefore it may be possible to save more samples than specified When the number of sample to be saved LISST 100X User s Guide has been reached the program will stop and return to the L100X gt prompt Maximum Memory or Low Battery The Maximum Memory or Low Battery Stop condition will continue to sample until the memory capacity has been reached or when the battery voltage has dropped to less than 6 volts The program will continue to sample until one of these conditions is met It will then return to the L100X gt prompt LISST 100X User s Guide 50 L ISST 100X Command Summary Display Commands DD Display current Disk Directory IDS Display current status information D Display Current Battery Voltage Display general help messages and command list pM Setup Commands Set samples per average equal to x SC mm dd yy hh mm ss Set Clock with time and date where mm month dd day yy year hh hour 24 format mm minute ss seconds Example ST 01 05 2005 21 05 03 Set Sam
13. low power sleep mode choose Put LISST to Sleep from the LISST menu There are also two new buttons on the toolbar for putting the instrument to sleep and waking it up To get the lowest power consumption the Communications cable must be disconnected from the instrument The above steps are meant to give a brief introduction to most of the procedures that are required to operate the LISST 100X Most of these steps are covered in detailed Step by Step instructions in the following sections LISST 100X User s Guide 26 Step by Step procedures The following topics are covered with Step by Step instructions Recording and Recording a background scatter file is the first step in acquiring storing a data This step by step describes the proper procedure to record Background and download a background scatter file and save it for later Scatterfile zscat processing Information on interpreting the Background Scatter file file is also provided Downloading raw Each data collection sequence is stored to a separate datafile on the data files and compact flash memory Files can be offloaded to the PC using the Deleting Raw files Download data function of the LISST SOP software After downloading the data files can be deleted from memory This step by step procedure covers offloading and deleting files Process raw data Data that has been downloaded from the datalogger is in a raw binary file DAT extension It must be processed into par
14. obtained by inverting the above equation To test whether the estimated solution is a good one one may compute the prediction of a scattered energy estimate E as E I Ne If the measurements E are consistent with E the estimates of N can be considered good Included with the LISST 100X instrument we have provided software that obtains the inverted volume distribution Ny We have also provided the matrix K for your instrument in ASCII and MATLAB formats in order for you to test your results gt The volume distribution is related to the number distribution via Ny a n a It represents the volume concentration of particles of particles in the size range a to a da The results from the LISST instruments provide the volume concentration of particles in each of 32 size classes The size classes are log spaced from the range 1 25 250 microns Type B instruments or 2 5 500 Type C See Appendix B for further details LISST 100X User s Guide 8 General Description The LISST 100X instrument is a laser diffraction device It consists of optics for producing a collimated laser beam a specially constructed detector array electronics for signal pre amplification and processing a data storage and scheduling computer and a battery system The instrument is capable of autonomous operation For such operation software is provided to program the instrument for a specific sampling schedule The primary measurements del
15. of the LISST 100X On older versions of the LISST 100X it will also be necessary to remove the endcap ring and standoffs on the optics endcap Remove the three screws on the ring and then unscrew the standoffs Remove the Spacer and push the Slider into toward the center of the chamber Step 2 Carefully insert the Chamber into the optical path of the LISST 100X Be careful not to touch the o rings to either glass windows The Slider should mate to the cone shape of the transmit optics By reaching in from the top of the chamber push the Slider out until the chamber is up against the optics endcap The o ring in the slider should just be starting to engage with the wall of the chamber It may be necessary to press on the top bottom and sides of the Slider to get it to slide out with out binding Step 3 Once the slider is positioned such that the O ring is engaging in the wall of the chamber the Spacer can be inserted between the outside wall of the chamber and the lip of the Slider The tapered side of the spacer should go against the Slider lip This will cause compression of the o rings and seal the chamber Step 4 The chamber can now be filled with clean water It is highly recommended to do a background scatterfile after assembly to make sure that the windows are still clean It is NOT necessary to have water around the chamber only IN the chamber LISST 100X User s Guide 82 Appendix G BioBlock Installation and
16. temperature capacity of 42 A hr When the instrument is in stand by mode i e displaying the L100X gt prompt the current drain is 8 5 mA In Low Power Sleep mode the current drain drops to 120 uA For profiling applications where the instrument is sampling continuously the battery pack has about 60 hours of On time Powering down the instrument between samples can greatly extend the deployment times An EXCEL spreadsheet is included with the software that can estimate the battery consumption The spreadsheet can also be downloaded from Sequoia s website www SequoiaSci com click Library then Downloads For laboratory or tethered usage a connector is provided on the endcap to draw power from an external source The voltages required from the external power supply are 49 V Cables up to 50 meters can be provided to supply external power and communication with the instrument This can allow real time observation of the size distributions When not in use use the Low Power Sleep mode of the instrument to reduce battery drain to about 10 uA This can be done from the provided software LISST 100X User s Guide 10 Auxiliary The instrument is shipped pre aligned and tested A chamber is Equipment provided for obtaining measurements of background scattered light from optical surfaces This background is subtracted from actual particle scattering measurements to obtain the true particulate scattering Additionally sm
17. the list 3 e Choose the files to be offloaded by clicking on the Files selected and path set file name on the list Multiple files can be selected by hold down the CTRL key while clicking on files Use the SHIFT key to select a range of files Select Files on Datalogger Highlighting to select files on datalogger from the following list then press OK Name Size Modified L1051628 DAT 04 14 04 4 28p 04 14 04 4 37p 04 16 04 10 48a 04 16 04 11 06a 04 17 04 11 47a 04 17 04 11 48a 04 17 04 11 51a 04 17 04 1 01p 04 17 04 1 10p 04 19 04 8 47a 04 19 04 8 48a 04 19 04 8 43a 04 19 04 8 50a 04 19 04 8 51a 04 19 04 3 12a 04 19 04 4 55p 04 19 04 6 35p 04 19 04 6 50p L1101806 DAT 04 19 04 7 07p Cancel e Press the OK button to accept the current selection A dialog box with a path for storing the downloaded data will appear Edit the path or press on the Browse button to select a new path The files names will remain the same as on the compact flash The file creation date and time will not be preserved Press OK to begin the offloading Data File Location Directory location for storing offloaded files SequoiaServerkchuck Products LISST 100 Engi Browse LISST 100X User s Guide 30 A Status bar will be displayed for each file offloaded Text in the lower left corner will display the current file being offloaded Offloading files from memory to the PC Deleti
18. the water motion is slow When working in rivers or towed application the orientation is not as critical The center section of the main pressure case has a slightly smaller diameter than the ends The smaller diameter section is the suggest mounting area The U shaped mounting block provided with the instrument fit this diameter and can be used for mounting the instrument Clamps for mounting the instrument are also available from Sequoia See the accessories page on our website xx insert acc page here To reduce the corrosion of the aluminum parts a zinc anode is attached to the Connector endcap This anode must be exposed to the water for it to be effective When mounting the instrument be sure to electrically isolate the instrument from all other metal Any contact with other metal can greatly increase the rate of corrosion Isolate the instrument with rubber or plastic to keep the LISST 100X from being the sacrificial anode for the mounting hardware A set of stainless steel clamps with rubberized interiors ships as part of the instrument package Use these or the plastic clamps for mounting and make sure that no metal is in direct contact with the pressure housing or other components of the instrument If you lose the spare clamps replacement clamps are available for purchase from Sequoia LISST 100X User s Guide 62 Storage notes Again it must be emphasized that the LISST 100X is a sensitive instrument When n
19. toluene Also do not use any abrasive cleaners or wipes Treat the windows as you would an expensive camera lens Remove the Communications cable from the shipping crate It is the cable with the 9 pin DB 9 connector on one end and the 5 pin underwater connector on the other Remove the underwater cap from the Communications connector The connectors will all look similar The Communication connector is the only 5 pin connector If the unit LISST 100X User s Guide Step 4 Install the Horizontal test chamber Step 5 Install the provided software Step 6 Start LISST SOP program Step 7 Wake up instrument from Sleep mode is rotated so that the metal zinc anode is located at the top or North the Communications connector will be on the left or West After removing the cap install the cable making sure that the proper alignment is maintained Remove the Small Volume Horizontal test chamber from the shipping case if not already installed on to the instrument Attach the flexible tubing and tubing stop clamp This chamber is designed to slip between the optical windows of the instrument such that the optic can be submerged for testing or calibration For more information on installing the chamber see Appendix F We can now fill the chamber with clean filtered water We use steam distilled bottled water filtered through a 0 2 micron filter Tap water may contain too many particles and may also contain dissolved gas that ca
20. 0 04 09 22 00 Stop Condition Fixed Number Stop at 1 samples Measurements per Average 10 Sample Interval 1 Burst Interval 1 Samples per Burst 0 Battery Voltage is 8 90 Current Date Time Wednesday March 10 2004 10 18 49 input DS 1 output LISST 100X Current Status and Settings SN 1004 LISST 100X User s Guide 52 OM 2 ST 2 TD 03 10 04 09 22 00 SP 5 PD 1 MA 10 SI 1 BI 1 SB 0 BB 0 CT 0 IC 0 Current Time 03 10 04 10 18 49 Battery 890 Switch 0 Memory 15005640 HE Display general help messages and command list Syntax HE or he Description Displays the list of command to the screen Example input HE output LISST 100X Commands followed by 30 lines of text Setup Commands OM Set Operating Mode Syntax OM x orom x Description Sets the Operating Mode to one of the following types 1 Real Time Mode 2 Burst Mode 3 Fixed Rate Mode OM command only without a parameter will initiate a prompt for the Operating mode Example input OM 3 output MA Set measurements per average Syntax MAx ormax 53 LISST 100X User s Guide Where x number of samples per average Description Each recorded or displayed measurement is based on an average of measurements The number of measurements per average is set using the SA command If no value f
21. 1 12 17 11 20 5 16 6 09 5 60 30 3 12 17 14 36 13 22 6 09 7 18 6 61 31 2 14 36 16 95 15 60 7 18 8 47 7 80 32 1 16 95 20 00 18 41 8 47 10 00 9 21 LISST 100X User s Guide 72 Angles in water Angles in Degrees for the VSF measurement in water are shown in the table below See also Sequoia s homepage http www sequoiasci com Articles ArticlePage aspx pageld 178 Type B Type C Ring Size bin Lower Upper Median Lower Upper Median 1 32 0 075 0 089 0 082 0 038 0 044 0 041 2 31 0 089 0 105 0 096 0 044 0 052 0 048 3 30 0 105 0 124 0 114 0 052 0 062 0 057 4 29 0 124 0 146 0 134 0 062 0 073 0 067 5 28 0 146 0 172 0 158 0 073 0 086 0 079 6 27 0 172 0 203 0 187 0 086 0 102 0 093 7 26 0 203 0 240 0 221 0 102 0 120 0 110 8 25 0 240 0 283 0 260 0 120 0 141 0 130 9 24 0 283 0 334 0 307 0 141 0 167 0 154 10 23 0 334 0 394 0 362 0 167 0 197 0 181 11 22 0 394 0 465 0 428 0 197 0 232 0 214 12 21 0 465 0 548 0 505 0 232 0 274 0 252 13 20 0 548 0 647 0 596 0 274 0 324 0 298 14 19 0 647 0 764 0 703 0 324 0 382 0 351 15 18 0 764 0 901 0 829 0 382 0 451 0 415 16 17 0 901 1 063 0 979 0 451 0 532 0 489 17 16 1 063 1 255 1155 0 532 0 627 0 578 18 15 1 255 1 481 1 363 0 627 0 740 0 682 19 14 1 481 1 747 1 609 0 740 0 874 0 804 20 13 1 747 2 062 1 898 0 874 1 031 0 949 21 12 2 062 2 433 2 240 1 031 1 217 1 120 22 11 2 433 2 871 2 643 1 217 1 436 1 322 23 10 2 871 3 389 3 119 1 436 1 694 1 560 24 9 3 389 3 999 3 681 1 694 1 999 1
22. 39 43 Path Reduction Module See PRM Pr cautions a n a beet 12 Pressure Sensor eee 9 PRM head aite lere 75 Scattering Angles COMPUNE ree eei terere eee dn 71 ICI MN E 72 ID War evite ce Ite S S 73 Size Ranges ien a eese enum 67 70 COMPUNE anne has Yl 71 Sleep Mode put to sleep xa ecco 28 26 Wake Up secat iii 14 Software installation seen 14 Specifications nie nie eet 67 Standard Particles sss 64 Start Conditions nisse nsen 44 Ce pth Start aya usa eins E E 48 external digital input sese 48 external mechanical switch 48 time delay e ete cR ORI eU eue 48 TIME start ERR OE e 48 Stop Conditions sse 45 depth stop ERE Horis 49 external digital input sess 49 external mechanical switch 49 fixed number of samples 49 low battety e meters 49 maximum memory a s 49 time stOp ie nieto tiere es 49 MJ prp ER 63 Sunlight onere RICE eu 59 Temperature Sensor eee 9 Troubleshooting cannot connect seinere isesi irtis 87 68 Appendix A Instrument Specific Documentation Instrument Model Number Instrument Serial Number Instrument Manufacture Date Instrume
23. 841 25 8 3 999 4 719 4 344 1 999 2 359 2 172 26 7 4 719 5 568 5 126 2 359 2 784 2 563 27 6 5 568 6 571 6 049 2 784 3 286 3 025 28 5 6 571 7 754 7 138 3 286 3 877 3 569 29 4 7 754 9 151 8 424 3 877 4 575 4 212 30 3 9 151 10 80 9 941 4 575 5 399 4 970 31 2 10 80 12 74 11 73 5 399 6 371 5 865 32 1 12 74 15 04 13 84 6 371 7 519 6 921 73 LISST 100X User s Guide Raw Data Storage The values in the raw data file DAT extension are stored in the Format order shown in the table below Temperature in units of 100ths of degrees C Day 100 Hour at which data taken Minutes 100 Seconds at which data taken LISST 100X User s Guide 74 Processed Data Storage Format 75 The values in the processed data file ASC extension are stored in the order shown in the table below Each sample is stored in one row 1 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 Parameter Volume concentration in u1 for size class 1 through 32 NOTE The volume concentration is computed under the assumption that the volume conversion constant was measured over a 5 cm path length If you are using a path reduction module PRM the concentrations in columns 1 through 32 will not be correct However you can correct it simply by multiplying the volume concentration by a factor of 2 5 or 10 for data obtained with 50 80 and 90 PRM s respectively Beam attenuation c m NOTE The beam attenuation is computed under
24. BioBlock will be commanded to open before each sample is collected After the sample is recorded the time until the next sample is computed If the time remaining is less than 30 seconds the BioBlock will remain open If the time is greater than 30 seconds the BioBlock will close and then reopen two seconds before the next sample When using the Real Time mode of the LISST SOP software the BioBlock will not be commanded to open at the beginning of sampling Therefore it must be manually opened using the BB 11 command To issue the BB command open the Terminal window on the standard LISST SOP Windows software At the L100X gt gt prompt type BB followed by the input option Pressing Enter will set the BioBlock connection and issue any open or close commands If a Display Status DS command is now issued the listing of the instrument status will now include a message that the BioBlock is now connected The BioBlock uses two standard alkaline D batteries for power The electronics inside the BioBlock includes a battery monitor If the voltage of the battery is too low a signal will be sent to the LISST 100X If LISST 100X sees that the BioBlock battery is low it will command the BioBlock to remain open By monitoring the battery the BioBlock can be left in the open position before the battery voltage is too low 85 LISST 100X User s Guide BioBlock Battery replacement The BioBlock uses two standard Alkaline D cells to power its operation
25. C Fixed Number of Samples Number of Samples to store fi C Maximum Memory Battery If the Stop Condition is Depth External Mechanical Switch or External Digital Input and the Start Condition is also one of these three options the Base Program on the instrument will return to waiting for the Start condition For example if the start and stop conditions were set to External Mechanical Switch then multiple sampling sessions can be obtained by flipping the switch on and off This is useful when doing profiles It eliminates the need to communicate with the instrument between profiles 45 LISST 100X User s Guide e Select Apply or OK buttons to configure the instrument with the current settings If the Apply button is pressed the program will return to the current window Returning to the Instrument Status window will display a summary of the current settings If the OK button is pressed when the configuration is complete the user will be prompted to open the Terminal window to start the program The program on the instrument is configured but not running To start the program and have it start looking for the Start conditions press the Run button on the Terminal window The Run button is equivalent to typing RUN and pressing Enter from any terminal program The Base Program will display text to the screen as it is running to confirm that it is running and to indicate where it is in the sampling cycle Once the prog
26. It will continue checking the status of the digital input until voltage exceeds 2 volts or until the program is stopped WARNING The maximum input voltage on the digital inputs is 3 3 volts Time Delay Start The time delay start condition will cause the program to wait the specified number of seconds before continuing on to the data collection routine The LISST SOP software can configure the Base program with one of six Stop conditions Depth Time External Mechanical Switch External Digital Input Fixed number of samples and Maximum Memory or Low Battery The details of each condition are described below LISST 100X User s Guide 48 Stop Condition 49 The LISST SOP software can configure the Base program with one of six Stop conditions Depth Time External Mechanical Switch External Digital Input Fixed number of samples and Maximum Memory or Low Battery When storing data in the Fixed Sample Rate mode the Stop conditions are checked after each averaged sample has been saved When storing data in the Burst mode the Stop conditions are only checked after a full Burst has been completed The Start and Stop conditions have no effect on the Real time sampling mode The details of each condition are described below Depth Stop The built in depth sensor of the LISST 100X is used to check the current depth to determine if it is less than the desired Stop depth The averaged depth from the last sample acquired is used as the
27. LISST 100X Particle Size Analyzer User s Manual Version 4 65 SEQUOIA 2700 Richards Road Suite 107 Bellevue WA 98005 4200 Tel 425 641 0944 Fax 425 643 0595 SEWU O IA This document is copyrighted by SEQUOIA SCIENTFIC INC LISST 100X User s Guide Welcome to the LISST 100X Particle Size Analyzer Using this manual This manual is divided into two sections Section One contains an introduction to the LISST 100X instrument and the principles of its operation Section Two provides a detailed set of instructions for using and caring for the instrument Instrument specifications For a listing of instrument specific constants as used in the software for data processing refer to Appendix A Technical assistance For technical assistance please contact your local Distributor or a Sequoia Technical Service Representative listed below Please be sure to include the instrument serial number with any correspondence IMPORTANT Please read APPENDIX H TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE BEFORE you call or Factory Technical Service Representatives Please read APPENDIX H TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE BEFORE you call or email Chuck Pottsmith pottsmith sequoiasci com 425 641 0944 ext 107 Doug Keir keir sequoiasci com 425 641 0944 ext 104 Table of Contents SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION TO THE LISST 100X 6 INTRODUCTION 545 Er n
28. Maximum Scale Setting Ea Maximum Scale Value Cancel Other options are also available for customizing the display such as changing the header and footer text or adding lines to show the mean and standard deviation These features are located on the Display tab of the Settings window as shown below Display setting modified 37 LISST 100X User s Guide LISST Settings Sequoia Scientific Inc 8 e The current display can be sent to the printer by choosing Display printed Print from the File menu e Print Preview and Print Setup are also available 9 e When finished viewing the processed data close the window Viewing of data complete Notes LISST 100X User s Guide 38 STEP BY STEP PROCEDURE REAL TIME DATA PROCESSING Connect the instrument to the PC and start the LISST SOP program Program started Open the Operating Modes Window and choose the Real Time Instrument Operating Mode configured for Real Time data collection Before starting a Real Time session the output file options must Output file type be set This must be done before selecting Open Real Time selected Session Select Output from the Options menu The window below will appear Display View Rings Serial Port Output File Locations Aux Pars Realtime Instrument Data Processing Existing Raw Data File jina Build an ASCII raw data file log JV Build a binary particle size f
29. Mechanical Switch ON signal Step 17 Collecting When the start conditions are met the instrument will start sampling The Data green LED on the connector endcap will illuminate each time a sample is acquired For our example we can move the white plastic lever on the endcap to the position Sampling will start If the Terminal window is still open text will be displayed as the instrument acquires data Data collection will continue until the Stop Conditions are met In our case until the switch lever is returned to the 0 position If the Start and Stop Conditions are set to Depth External Mechanical Switch or External Digital Input the program will return to checking for the Start Condition This will only be true if the Start and Stop conditions LISST 100X User s Guide 20 Step 18 Downloading data Step 19 Processing Raw Data 21 match For example Depth Start and Depth Stop For all other Start Conditions the program will terminate and return to the L100X prompt To stop a running program use the Stop button on the Terminal window or the button on the tool bar The instrument has now stored data in the on board Compact Flash card Pressing the Instrument Query Button will display the instrument status including the number of samples saved To offload the data select Offload from the LISST menu or choose the button from the toolbar A list of files will appear Choose the files to offload by cl
30. Save Summary to LOP button The setting must have first been sent to the instrument using the Apply button The Summary section will only update after the settings have been applied to the instrument By selecting the Operating Mode Tab at the top of the main Operating Mode window the screen below appears This screen is used to set the set type of sampling RealTime Burst or Continuous You can also select the samples per average and sample rates on this screen LISST Instrument Operation Instrument Status Operating Mode Start Condition Stop Condition Realtime Sample to be Average of fi measurements Time to get average 1 Sec Burst Sample to be Average of fi measurements Time to get average 1 Sec Sample Interval fi Sec in m m u Samples Per Burst Burst Interval fl Sec a n m u Sample to be Average of fi measurements Time to get average 1 Sec Sample Interval 1 Sec 1111 Cancel Apply Help e The RealTime mode is used for real time size distribution displays This mode sends the raw data to the LISST SOP software for conversion to Size Distribution and displaying on the screen No data 1s saved in the datafile The Burst and Fixed sample rate modes are used to save data in the on board datafile The icons next to the various values give a better understanding of their meaning The software automatically checks the values entered to make sure that ther
31. Select Last will set the end point for processing Use the Next and Previous buttons scroll through the complete datafile The Select First and Select Last points do not need to be on the same displayed plot After selecting the range to process press the Process File button The display will show the processing progress and the Process File button text will change to Finished when the processing is complete The window can now be closed Range to process selected Processing Completed LISST 100X User s Guide STEP BY STEP PROCEDURE VIEW PROCESSED DATAFILE Step Action Result 1 Start LISST SOP program Program started Select Open Particle Distribution File from the File menu Open Particle Distribution File selected Select the processed data file from the file selection window Double click the file or type the file name and press Open Processed datafile selected After selecting the processed file a window similar to the one shown below will appear ha Lisst test OF x File DataFrames LISST Communication Window Help 5 0 oo Sa 8 SiuS olx Laser In Situ Scattering and Transmissometry LISST 5 Particle Size Distribution Cumulative Concentration 17 250 1 microns microns Mean Sample Number 1 Std Dey Total Vol Conc 0 00 Sequoia Scientific Inc Sequoia Scientific Inc Timer OFF 4 E gt First Last lt Scala
32. T 100X User s Guide 76 Auxiliary Input Connector 6 pin connector Connector Manufacturer Impulse Enterprise Inc San Diego CA USA Connector Part Number Bulkhead MCBH WB 6 MP Stainless Steel Mating Cable Part Number MCIL 6 FS Connector Pin Use 1 Digital Ground Digital In 1 Digital In 2 No Connection Analog In 0 to 2 50V max WN Nn Analog Ground Bulkhead Endview Cable Endview BioBlock Connector 3 pin connector Connector Manufacturer Impulse Enterprise Inc San Diego CA USA Connector Part Number Bulkhead MCBH WB 3 MP Stainless Steel Mating Cable Part Number MCIL 3 FS Connector Pin Use 1 Signal Ground 2 Signal Open Closed 3 Battery Sense Bulkhead Endview 77 Cable Endview LISST 100X User s Guide Appendix D LISST SOP Software Button Description Button Label Description Runs the instrument for Real Time operation E Open Real Time Note instrument must be already configured for real time sampling and Session be running i e not hibernating To wake from hibernation choose Wake Up LISST from LISST menu Open Open raw or processed file Depending on extension of file requested to open the appropriate procedure is started Queries the instrument for its current configuration and displays the Query Instrument information to the screen mm q Offload Offloa
33. The Depth sensor is a 500 psi strain gauge sensor The stainless steel fitting on the Connector endcap is used for testing this sensor It is not required for normal operation However when not used for testing this fitting helps keep contamination out of the pressure sensor The temperature is measured using a high precision thermistor imbedded into the Connector end cap Both values are stored automatically in the standard format LISST 100X data file 9 LISST 100X User s Guide External I O Ports Battery Life The LISST 100X is also equipped with an external ANALOG IN port for recording the output of one other analog instrument Additionally 2 DIGITAL VO ports are provided for communicating with up to two instruments The I O ports can be used for synchronization of the LISST 100X with two other instruments e g the LISST 100X may provide a timing pulse to a CTD or it may provide a start sample pulse to another LISST 100X The same ports can be used to receive similar commands Contact Sequoia Scientific for more information on interfacing the LISST 100X with other instruments These ports are available on the 6 pin underwater connector on the Connector end cap Appendix C shows the connector pin outs The instrument can be configured to use the Digital I O ports as a trigger to start and stop sampling The primary power source for the LISST 100X is a custom alkaline D cell battery pack The pack outputs 9 V It has a room
34. The following procedure can be used to replace the batteries It is recommended that the batteries be replaced before each extended deployment and that the procedure is carried out indoor on a workbench The following tools are needed Screwdriver 2 Alkaline replacement D cells O ring grease if O ring needs greasing Spare O ring is O ring needs to be replaced spare O rings ship with each BioBlock Step 1 Disconnect the cable attaching the BioBlock to the LISST 100X at the BioBlock The BioBlock can remain connected to the LISST 100X if desired Step 2 Remove the three screws holding the connector endcap to the main body of the BioBlock These screws are 4 40UNC socket head cap screws that are 5 8 inches long Step 3 Carefully remove the endcap from the main body by gently pulling on the endcap with a slight twisting motion Be careful not to pull the assembly out too far Wires connect this endcap to the internal circuitry and therefore the travel is limited Step 4 The two batteries are held in place by a battery mount attached to the connector endcap Remove the batteries and replace with fresh alkaline batteries If desired wrap each battery with electrical tape to keep it in place during installation Please note that the battery mount is flexible and when inserted in to the housing the squeeze on the batteries will increase to insure a good connection Make sure that the tape does not impede the batteries from sliding and makin
35. The timer will automatically acquire data at a pressed and samples fixed rate Note that this rate is limited to about 1 Hz due to the updating processing of the raw data into Volume distributions The slide automatically button next to the Timer button controls the sample speed If it is set too fast it will automatically reset to the maximum allowed rate The Auxiliary parameter window can be opened to display the Auxiliary Parameter current values of the auxiliary parameters such as pressure and window opened temperature Open the window by selecting the Show Auxiliary Parameter Frame from the DataFrames menu The scale of the Volume Distribution plot can be changed by Display setting using the Scale button After selecting the button a display modified similar to the one shown below will prompt you for the maximum concentration for the Y axis of the plot Maximum Scale Setting x Maximum Scale Value Cancel Other options are also available for customizing the display such as changing the header and footer text or adding lines to show the mean and standard deviation These features are located on the Display tab of the Settings window as shown below LISST Settings x Display View Rings Serial Port Output File Locations Aux Pars Header Text IEEE La eie ES E E ES Footer Text Sequoia Scientific Inc Maximum ordinate value 5 Animation frame interval 500 millisec Show mean on
36. UMENTATION 69 APPENDIX B DATA STORAGE FORMAT AND SIZE RANGES 70 APPENDIX C CONNECTOR PINOUTS FOR LISST 100X 76 APPENDIX D LISST SOP SOFTWARE BUTTON DESCRIPTION 78 APPENDIX E SOFTWARE UPGRADE INSTALLATION PROCEDURE 79 APPENDIX F HORIZONTAL CHAMBER INSTALLATION PROCEDURE 82 APPENDIX G BIOBLOCK INSTALLATION AND USE 83 APPENDIX H TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE amp TROUBLESHOOTING 87 WARRANTY A 90 5 LISST 100X User s Guide Section 1 Introduction to the LISST 100X Introduction Principle of Operation A collimated laser beam enters water light is scattered by particles and sensed by a multi ring detector behind a receiving lens A photodiode placed behind a centered hole measures optical transmission The product name LISST is derived from the term that describes its operation Laser In Situ Scattering and Transmissometry LISST is a Trademark of Sequoia Scientific Inc The LISST 100X instrument uses the technique of laser diffraction to obtain particle size
37. Use The BioBlock Anti Biofouling Shutter system is a bolt on option that is available for the LISST 25X LISST 100 and LISST 100X Copper disks are placed very near the optical widows The copper discourages any biology from growing on the optical windows The BioBlock is self contained with its own battery pack It uses a 5V logic signal from the dedicated BioBlock connector on the LISST 100X connector endcap This appendix is separated into three parts The first section covers the installation of the BioBlock onto the LISST 100X The second section discusses configuring the firmware in the instrument to recognize the BioBlock and use it during data collection The third section discusses general maintenance such as cleaning and battery replacement Please note that the installation and maintenance of the BioBlock on the older LISST 100 instruments is very similar to the procedures described here for the LISST 100X However the BioBlock configuration in the firmware is very different If you are using an older version LISST 100 please contact your authorized Sequoia representative for a more correct procedure for using the BioBlock with the LISST 100 The figure on the left shows the fully assembled BioBlock on the LISST 100X Installation Instructions for the LISST 100X Step 1 The BioBlock for the LISST 100X is shipped fully assembled and ready to mount onto the LISST 100X Please note that the main body of the BioBlock can be us
38. a file log N JV Build a binary particle size file psd The ASC type isa spaced Build a binary particle size file psd Build an ASCII particle size file asc delimited file containing all Build an ASCII particle size file asc the processed data The LOG file is a space delimited file containing the eres Ereb Io Gate rouse arend open raw data from the datalogger 2 e Select Open Raw Data File from the File menu Begins process of specifying raw data file and all information needed for data processing 3 e Choose the serial number of the instrument that Instrument serial number collected the data to be processed selected Select Instrument Ea Serial Number fos Only the serial numbers of the instruments loaded into the InstrumentData Txt file and have the calibration values loaded into the LISST INI file in the Windows directory can be used 4 e Select the background scatter data file from the file Background scatterfile selection window Double click the file or type the file name and press Open selected LISST 100X User s Guide 32 Select the output data file name The default file name shown is the same as the raw data name but with a different extension You can change this name if you wish Provide the file name and press Save If other output types are selected they will have the same base name with different extensions Note file types other than the default PSD file must have bee
39. acterization 4 128 133 1987 The main conclusions are that the information content of the data is most stably retrieved by use of ring type detectors with each ring measuring the scattering over a sub range of angles and that the resolution is limited to relatively few size classes depending on the noise in the data For example for the dynamic range in scattering angles of 200 1 that is built into the LISST systems typically only 12 14 truly independent size classes can be resolved Simpler descriptions of principles and practice are offered in a separate study by Agrawal et al 1991 A more up to date description of the technology and its application is provided by Agrawal amp Pottsmith 2000 Agrawal Y C LN McCave and J B Riley 1991 Laser diffraction size analysis in Principles methods and applications of particle size analysis J P M Syvitski editor Cambridge University Press pp 119 128 Agrawal Y C and H C Pottsmith 2000 Instruments for Particle Size and Settling Velocity Observations in Sediment Transport Marine Geology 168 pp 89 114 7 LISST 100X User s Guide We explain the inversion process as follows Let E be the 32 element data vector that contains the angular scattering energy sensed by the 32 silicon rings It is related to the volume distribution via E KNv where K is the scattering property kernel matrix and Ny is the volume distribution The volume distribution is
40. al on the inside diameter of the case The compression of the O ring seal contributes to the effort required to remove the end cap The end cap should remain parallel to the end of the case Tipping of the end cap can cause binding Do Not Pry the End Cap Off WARNING The endcap and battery cable assembly will still be connected to the main electronics The assembly can only be removed a few inches from the end of the pressure case 7 To expose the battery and battery cable connectors remove the Battery is visible Velcro wrap remove the battery release the Velcro wrap and loosen the nuts Battery removed and on the threaded rods Remove the plate Do not remove the replaced threaded rods Disconnect the power cord from the battery and remove it from its place between the rods Before removing the battery make note of its orientation so that the replacement battery can be positioned similarly 65 LISST 100X User s Guide e Insert the new battery in exactly the same orientation as the old battery Tighten the nuts on the threaded rods to finger tightness Re apply wrap allowing for access to the power connectors Make sure that the battery does not overhang the edge of the end cap diameter If the battery is offset the end cap may not seat properly making installation difficult Re Connect the white female 2 pin connector to the white male 2 Power on pin connector Connecting these connectors will apply powe
41. all tools used to open endcaps spare batteries and communication cable is supplied so that a user need only provide a PC running Windows Software is provided to communicate with the instrument schedule an experiment offload the data and invert the measurements to obtain particle size distribution and volume concentration For laboratory use or for monitoring the progress of an experiment the software can be used for real time processing For extended laboratory applications an optional Full Path Mixing Chamber is available This chamber mounts to the optics of the LISST 100X and seals around the windows of the instrument The sample can then be added to the chamber and the built in mixer will keep the sample mixed with the measurements are being made The picture below shows the chamber being installed onto the LISST 100X 11 LISST 100X User s Guide Section 2 Section Organization General Precautions Operation Section 2 is divided in to two main sections The first section is the Getting Started section This section will walk the user through using the instrument from opening the shipping case through processing downloaded data Reading the Getting Started section will give most users enough information to starting using the instrument Following the Getting Started section are detailed instructions for performing various procedures LISST 100X is a sensitive optical instrument Please handle it gen
42. ar controls the data acquisition time The Scale Button adjusts the Particle Size Distribution scale The LISST 100X User s Guide 24 25 Save Single Sample button records a single sample to an ASCII file Note The main power and laser will be on until this window is closed or until the Stop button is pressed Significant loss of battery life can occur if the instrument is left powered up for an extended period of time The Auxiliary Parameters window can be opened during the Real Time session so that the values of various parameters such as depth and transmission can be monitored The raw scattering values on the detector rings can also be viewed by selecting View Rings from the DataFrames menu A typical display is shown below 100 Transmission Raw Ring Count Background Scatter Laser Power 0 Factory Laser Power fi 500 The view rings display is also available when processing a Raw Data file However it is not available when viewing a processed Size Distribution file LISST 100X User s Guide Step 22 Put instrument back to sleep After finishing with the instrument it should be put back into its low power sleep mode In this mode with the communication cable disconnected the drain on the battery is only about 0 08 ma The sleep mode can be used for extended periods However it is recommended that for long term storage that the Main battery be disconnected To put the instrument in to
43. choosing Operating Modes from the L SST menu or by pressing the button on the toolbar LISST Instrument Operation Instrument Status Operating Mode Start Condition Stop Condition Instrument Status Displayed Serial Number fi 004 LISST Operating Procedure LOP File Ready Browse Running m Summary Sleeping Realtime Operating Mode Start at depth of 0 1 meters Samples Stored o Stop at depth of 0 1 meters Samples Remaining e650 Battery Voltage fi 7 86 External Switch on Date 0815 02 Time 40 57 Clock Comments Save Summary to LOP Send Base Program When first opening the Operating Modes window the LISST SOP program will send a Ctrl C to the LISST 100X If a program is Clock set running it will be stopped This is required so that the LISST SOP program can get the status information from the LISST 100X To set the LISST 100X data logger clock to the computer clock press the Set Clock button Press the Query Instrument button to refresh the display LISST 100X User s Guide 42 43 To load a pre saved LISST Operating Procedure file LOP enter the file name in the file box or click on the Browse button to navigate to the correct file After the file is selected the appropriate settings will be made To apply these settings to the instrument press the Apply or OK buttons LISST Operating Procedure files can be saved by clicking the
44. ctivated Pressing the button will send the current display to the printer LISST 100X User s Guide 78 Appendix E Software Upgrade Installation Procedure The following procedure describes the installation of the LISST SOP Version 4 65 software for users who have previously received an instrument with Version 3 xx software Instruments shipped after August 19 2002 were shipped with a version of the SOP software and do not require the following procedures Step 1 Download Install file The LISST SOP Version 4 65 is available from the Sequoia Scientific web site http www sequoiasci com library downloads login aspx The file downloads are restricted to registered web site users only You can register for download by filling out the form on the website Future visits to the download page can be accessed by entering the email and password selected at the time of registration Choose the file labeled LISST 100X SOP version 4 65 installer Save this file to disk The LISST SOP Install EXE file is a self extracting Zip file that contains the files required to install the LISST SOP software This will include SETUPA65 EXE LISST1004 TTB InstrumentData txt and some instrument specific files for the example instruments 1004 and 1005 Run the program and press OK to extract the files into a temporary folder of your choice Before running the SETUP465 EXE program there are a few tasks that must be performed Step 2 Configure
45. current depth If the depth is less than the threshold the sampling will stop If the depth is not less than the threshold the program will continue sampling as per the configuration If the Start Condition is a Depth Start the program will wait 30 seconds and then return to looking for the Depth Start Conditions The delay is to keep the instrument from starting and stopping too quickly as the instrument is moving up and down If the Start Condition is Depth Start the Base program will return to checking for the Start Conditions For all other Start Conditions the when the current depth is less than the threshold the program will stop and return to the L100X gt prompt Time Stop The program will check the current time after each sample or burst and compare it to the Start Time If the Start Time is equal to or later than the current time the program will stop and return to the L100X gt prompt External Mechanical Switch Stop After each sample or burst the status of the Switch lever is checked If the switch lever is in the off or 0 position sampling will stop If the Start Condition is a Switch Start the program will return to checking the start condition For all other Start conditions the program will stop and return to the L100X prompt External Digital Input Stop The status of the Dig 1 input is checked after each sample or burst If the voltage at the input is less than 0 7 volts the sampling will stop If the Start Condition
46. ds stored data to a file for later processing Pss Erases the datafile by resetting the datafile pointer variable D in former versions to zero Stop Sends a CTRL C to the instrument to stop a running program Also sends PCLR 10 to turn off main power Set Instrument Sets the internal instrument clock to match the currently connected Clock computer clock Operating Modes Opens the Instrument Sampling Configuration window where operating mode and sampling schemes can be configured Collect Background Opens the real time background collection windows where background scattering files can be collected in real time When the instrument communication has not been initialized the Connect Disconnect button will be a red light Pressing the button will Connect Disconnect toggle the communications status When the Connect Disconnect button is showing a green light the instrument communication has been initialized Pressing the button will disconnect the instrument 0 2 Open Terminal Pressing the Open Terminal button will bring up the terminal window for communication with the instrument including Start and Stop buttons E Program Settings The Program Settings button bring up the general settings windows for setting display parameters and other software settings such as File Output Com Port settings and Plot ao Print When viewing processed data the Print button will be a
47. e Program o OIA OK Cancel The window has four tabs Instrument Status Operating Mode Start Condition and Stop Condition The Instrument Status page gives information about the current instrument It also allows previously saved instrument configuration files to be loaded on to the instrument The ability to save the current settings to a file is also available The Summary window shows the current deployment configuration By selecting the Operating Mode Tab at the top of the main window the screen below appears This screen is used to set the type of sampling Realtime Burst or Fixed Sample Rate You can also select LISST 100X User s Guide Step 13 Setting Start Conditions the samples per average and sample rates on this screen LISST Instrument Operation x Instrument Status Operating Mode Start Condition Step Condition C Realtime Sample to be Average of fi measurements Time to get average 1 Sec C Burst Sample to be Average of fi measurements Time to get average 1 Sec Sample Interval fi Sec im m H Samples Per Burst fi m w wm H Burst Interval Sec HI HD Sample to be Average of 1 measurements Time to get average 1 Sec Sample Interval 1 Sec L 1 I I Cancel Apply Help The RealTime mode is used for real time size distribution displays This mode sends the raw data to the LISST SOP software for conversion to Size Distribution and di
48. e is no conflict For example when a Samples per Average value is entered the minimum sample interval is computed If this value is less than the minimum permitted the value will be changed to the minimum and the text will turn red A similar test is done on the Burst Interval setting LISST 100X User s Guide Select Start Conditions tab to configure when the instrument will begin sampling There are five options Depth Time External Mechanical Switch External Digital Input and Time Delay Select the mode by clicking on the button next to the its label Select the correct parameters as required LISST Instrument Operation x Instrument Status Operating Mode Start Condition Stop Condition C Depth Start when depth exceeds o meters C Time Start Date EB EN y 2000 Start Time Eu C Extemal Digital Input C Delay p Hours Minutes Cancel Apply Help LISST 100X User s Guide 44 e Choose the Stop Conditions Tab to select the conditions when sampling should stop The available stop conditions are Depth Time External Mechanical Switch External Digital Input Fixed number of samples and Maximum Memory or Low Battery LISST Instrument Operation x Instrument Status Operating Mode Start Condition Stop Condition Stop when depth less than po meters C Time Stop Date j2 ENE ETN Stop Time EE 5 p Extemal Mechanical Switch External Digital Input
49. e stainless steel screws can damage the place with the bolts threads of the aluminum case if over tightened The end cap has a radial O ring seal and is not dependent on the tightness of the screws for sealing LISST 100X User s Guide 66 Technical Specifications Parameters measured derived Particle Size distribution Total Volume Concentration Optical Transmission Depth Temperature An external analog input 0 2 5V Two external digital I O ports 5V logic Optical path length 5 cm standard 2 5 cm optional Optical transmission 12 bit resolution Particle size range Type B 1 25 250 micron diameter Type C 2 5 500 micron Resolution 32 size classes log spaced Data storage memory 128MB 1 6 million samples standard expandable to 1 GB Maximum sample speed size distributions per second standard Temperature sensor range 10 to 45 C resolution 0 01 C Depth Sensor range 0 to 300 m of H20 resolution 0 08 m of H2O External power input 12V nominal 6 to 15V Dimensions 13 33 cm 5 25 x 80 7 cm 31 75 L Weight in air 12 kg 25 Ib Weight in water 4 kg 8 5 Ib Depth rating 300 m standard Connector Endcap screws Socket head cap screws 8 32 3 4 long Endcap O ring Parker Part 2 244 67 LISST 100X User s Guide Index Alig m 8nt l 2 pede pee tiie 60 Background QCQUIFIDE a au S eee 16 27 28 Importance cepe dre benennen 16 Battery drains enr Ep 10
50. ed on the LISST 25X and LISST 100 in addition to the LISST 100X Therefore it is important to specify which type of instrument the BioBlock will be used with at the time the order is placed The photo on the right shows the assembled BioBlock next to the LISST 100X The BioBlock is shown in the Closed windows covered position This position is best for correctly positioning the unit during installation The BioBlock should be removed from the LISST 100X in the Closed position to facilitate re installing it at a later date The BioBlock may be commanded to go to the Closed position prior to installation by connecting it to the LISST 100X and using the LISST 100X software Do not manually rotate the crank arm that drives the shutter The BioBlock has two main parts The main cylindrical body contains the motor batteries and electronics Mounted to the end of the main body is the translating shutter assembly with copper plates The shutter assembly is attached to the rotating crank arm with a plastic arm 83 LISST 100X User s Guide Step 2 The figure above shows how the BioBlock is inserted between the triangular Crossbar Standoffs of the LISST 100X Before installing the BioBlock we must first remove one of the screws on the endcap Rotate the LISST 100X to match the photo The two endcap screws should be above the Crossbar Standoff on the left One is threaded into the endcap and the other is longer and threaded into the instru
51. eed the threshold the instrument will power down and wait 28 seconds before checking the depth again The program will continue checking until the depth is exceeded or until the program is stopped Time Start The program will check the current time every second and compare it to the Start Time If the Start Time is equal to or earlier than the current time the program will go directly to the data collection routine It will continue checking the time until the Start Time is reached or until the program is stopped External Mechanical Switch Start The LISST 100X has a white plastic lever on the endcap This lever has a magnet imbedded in it This magnet can activate a switch inside the pressure case The base program looks at the status of this switch once a second If the switch is in the on or 1 positions the program will go directly to the data collection routine It will continue checking the switch status until the switch is moved to the 0 position or until the program is stopped When in the 0 position the lever is up against the zinc anode External Digital Input Start The LISST 100X is equipped with auxiliary inputs on the 6 pin underwater connector Pin 2 of the 6 pin connector is the DIG 1 input The program will check the status of the digital input once a second If the voltage at the DIG 1 input is greater than 2 volts relative to Digital Ground Pin1 the program will go directly to the data collection routine
52. f the Order the provision of this Statement of Limited Warranty will control 12 Controlling Law This Statement of Limited Warranty will be governed by the laws of the State of Washington without reference to its rules relating to choice of law except to the extent preempted by the laws of the United States The U N Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods will not apply CUSTOMER Sequoia Scientific Inc By By Title Title 91 LISST 100X User s Guide
53. for size distribution estimation Shape effects are a matter of continuing research and no definite generalized guidelines are available to account for them by any method Consequently laser diffraction methods deliver the equivalent spheres size distribution By calibrating for concentration with ISO standard natural particles shape effects are empirically included LISST 100X User s Guide The LISST 100X records the scattering intensity over a range of small angles using a specially constructed multi ring detector shown in the graphic above This measurement is also known to optical scientists as the volume scattering function and can be used as such for studies of underwater image propagation and beam spread A growing number of publications of measurements using the LISST 100X instrument is available on our Website http www sequoiasci com library technical aspx SectionName library The conversion of the multi angle scattering to size distribution involves a mathematical inversion In this step a size distribution is found that would produce multi angle scattering that fits the observation There exists a vast literature on the subject of this inversion For the stout hearted user interested in learning all about it we recommend the most germane study of the subject Optimal scaling of the inverse Fraunhofer diffraction particle sizing problem The linear system produced by quadrature by E D Hirleman Particle Char
54. g LISST 100X Particle Size Analyzer Serial Number SEQUOIA and Customer agree as follows 1 Limited Warranty SEQUOIA warrants that upon delivery by SEQUOIA a the Products will be free from defects in materials and workmanship b the Products will perform substantially in accordance with SEQUOIA s applicable specifications and c any Products or components or parts thereof that are manufactured by SEQUOIA do not infringe any U S patent or copyright 2 Correction of Non Compliance If any Product does not comply with the warranties set forth in 1 a and 1 b above SEQUOIA will at its option either a repair the Product b replace the Product or c refund the purchase price paid by Customer to SEQUOIA for the Product provided that Customer gives SEQUOIA written notice of the noncompliance within one 1 year after SEQUOIA s delivery of the Product as the same may be extended for repaired or replacement Products as provided for herein the Warranty Period If Customer does not give SEQUOIA such written notice within the Warranty Period then such warranties will be satisfied in full Customer will cooperate with SEQUOIA s efforts to repair or replace any noncomplying Product Without limiting the generality of the foregoing Customer will comply with SEQUOIA s request for return of any such Product to SEQUOIA in which event SEQUOIA will pay for round trip shipment within the United States or for access to accomplish the
55. g for any cuts or marks and clean and lightly grease the O ring before installing the end cap Spare end cap O rings have been provided O rings are inexpensive items that provide an invaluable service replace them if in any doubt about their condition When replacing the O ring be sure to clean the O ring groove thoroughly with cotton swabs etc making sure that no fibers or particles of dirt are left after the cleaning 63 LISST 100X User s Guide Maintenance Notes Battery Power and Access The LISST 100X should not require any adjustment or calibrations The pressure and temperature sensors can be re calibrated if desired The performance of the instrument can be checked with the use of a sample of particles of a known size distribution Such samples ship as part of the instrument package Standard particles can be obtained from manufacturers of standard particles such as Whitehouse Scientific xx or PTI xx Comparison of the LISST 100X s performance with that of other particle size measuring devices that are not based on laser diffraction may result in inconsistencies because the instruments may measure different properties of the particles to interpret particle size The main battery is mounted to the connector end cap SEQUOIA supplies the custom 9V battery packs for use with the LISST 100X instrument The use of batteries other than these may void your warranty When using laboratory power supplies the user
56. g good contact Step 5 Check the O ring on the connector endcap The surface should be clean and free of cuts If needed add a very light coating of O ring grease to make assembly easier The O ring is a Parker O ring 2 133 Step 6 Carefully slide the battery assembly into the housing It should be possible to rotate the assembly after installation to line up the screw holes Step 7 Install the three screws holding the endcap in place Tighten the screws to just slightly tighter than finger tight The sealing of the endcap is NOT dependent on the tightness of the screws Since the metal screws are threaded into plastic it is easy to over tighten the screws and strip the threads in the housing Do not over tighten the screws Step 8 Reattach the cable to the LISST 100X and test the operation using the BB 11 and BB 10 commands The commands can be issues through the Terminal window of the LISST SOP software LISST 100X User s Guide 86 Appendix H Technical Assistance amp Troubleshooting Q I think that I have a problem with my data and or my data processing and would like you to have a look at them can you do that What data do I need to send to you A We ll be happy to look at your data and help you figure out what is going on We ALWAYS need the following from you 1 The raw data the file s with either a DAT or a extension 2 The zscat file you used for processing your data 3 The serial number of the instru
57. h a dark cloth during the acquisition of the background In general the background should be taken in conditions that match the deployment conditions as closely as possible The low concentration limit of LISST 100X is very sensitive to the quality of the background scatterfile For this reason when working in near surface or mid depth water it is very important that a good background file be obtained with very clean water As particle concentrations increase the relative signal to background noise ratio also increases thus reducing the importance of the background However Background Scatterfiles should always be done before an experiment Plastic bags Tupperware or clean containers of any kind can be used to acquire a background The instrument s optics end can be submerged in them vertically as long as the optics are completely submerged and there is no blockage of the windows by bubbles or other objects Backgrounds Scatterfiles should always be done before each data collection 59 LISST 100X User s Guide Optical Alignment The background scatterfile is the best source of information on the current health of the LISST 100X It provides information on the current functionality of all of the major systems including laser ring detector data collection electronics and optical alignment The LISST 100X is a sensitive optical device The laser must be aligned such that the focused spot is centered on the hole in the center of t
58. he instrument is still in the Low Power Sleep Mode it will print ZZZ to the screen every 30 seconds To wake the instrument from the Terminal window press the Stop button immediately after the ZZZ is displayed The instrument will only respond to the Stop button for 1 second after the ZZZ is displayed After the 1 second the instrument is LISST 100X User s Guide Step 9 Intro to the new Datalogger Step 10 Acquiring Background Scattering in a low power mode and will not respond to commands for another 30 seconds The datalogger inside the LISST 100X has recently been upgraded It is different from earlier versions of the LISST 100 New instruments using the new datalogger have been given the name LISST 100X Units using the previous version datalogger will be called LISST 100 The new datalogger of the LISST 100X uses removable Compact Flash cards Compact Flash Cards are available with up to 1Gb of memory The LISST 100X comes standard with 128Mb The Compact Flash Cards can be removed By using a PCMCIA adapter or USB card reader the data files can be directly transferred to the PC The standard procedure is to offload the files using the LISST SOP software at 115K baud The LISST 100X now has standard two letter commands that can be used for interfacing the instrument with other dataloggers and sensors The commands are similar to the commands used with the LISST 25X instrument A complete description of the commands is shown in
59. he ring detector If this alignment in not correct the instrument will not function correctly The background file can easily provide the user with information about the status of the alignment In order to check the status of an instrument you will need to open the most current background scatter file as well as the factory background scatter file factory_zsc_xxxx asc where XXXX is the instrument serial number The files are space separated and will easily open up in Excel or other spreadsheets Once you have opened the files you will see that they consist of 40 rows and 1 column of data The first indicator of an alignment problem is a severe drop in the currently transmitted laser power row 33 when compared to the factory laser power The laser power and laser reference values row 36 will change over time but they should track together If the value of the laser power laser reference ratio for your current background measurement is less than 50 of the laser power laser reference ratio from the factory background file misalignment may be occurring The second indictor of misalignment is high value on the inner rings The inner rings are shown on the left side of the background display The most important rings for misalignment indication are rings 1 4 in the background scatter file As the focused laser starts to move away from the center of the ring detector it will scatter more light onto the inner rings This will cause the inner
60. i Lisst test olx File DataFrames LISST Communication Window Help JZ e es oo Siw 8 Snl 155 Laser In Situ Scattering and Transmissometry LISST 5 Particle Size Distribution Cumulative Concentration 100 0 1 17 250 1 17 microns microns Mean 0 00 Sample Number 0 Std Dev 0 00 Total Vol Conc 0 00 E s Sequoia Scientific Inc Sequoia Scientific Inc Timer OFF gt I gt Firs lt Prev Last lt 1 Scale 0 0 50 m Interval Ser Ready To view the value of the auxiliary parameters such as time and depth select the View Auxiliary Parameter Frame from the DataFrames menu A display similar to the one below will appear showing the calibrated values Laser Power mwatts Battery volts Extemal Instrument volts Laser Reference mwatts Pressure meters Temperature ico deg C Aux 1 Aux 2 Transmission Warning Water too turbid Sample Number 0 LISST 100X User s Guide Step 21 Opening RealTime Session The LISST SOP software also supports the ability to acquire data process it and display it in Real time The Real time display of the processed data is very similar to the display of processed data The instrument can be configured for a Real Time session before data is collected but it is no longer required The current setting for Measurements per Average is used when acquiring the sample to display The recommend value for the
61. icking on them while hold down the CTRL key The Shift key can also be used to select a range of files Select OK and choose a location to save the files to The files will be saved with names in the following format Ldddhhmm dat where ddd is the day of the year hh is the hour and mm is the minute that the file was first written to As the data is downloading a Transfer Status window will appear The data is offloaded at 115K baud Transfer Status Ed PI We now have the data transferred from the datafile of the instrument to a file on the PC To process the data file choose Open Raw Datafile or press the button on the toolbar Select the instrument serial number raw data file to open and background scatter file to use when processing the data The software will automatically determine the Instrument Type A B or C using the Serial Number and the InstrumentData Txt file Unlike earlier versions of the software the RingArea file instrument detector calibration file is automatically selected based on the serial number A display similar to the one shown below will appear LISST 100X User s Guide Step 20 Viewing Processed Results val Lisst test Biel Es File DataFrames LISST Communication Window Help JZ ees u 8 Sml Data File Laser Power Battery Voltage Pressure 0 0 Auxiliary Parameters Sequoia Scientific Inc lt Prev Next gt Last lt Select Fist Select Las
62. ile psd IV Build a binary particle size file psd Build an ASCII particle size file asc Build an ASCII particle size file asc Selections do NOT apply to data sources already open Selections apply only to subsequent openings Note A binary PSD file must be selected before any other file type will be stored This is used to display the processed data to the screen The ASC type is a spaced delimited file containing all the processed data The LOG file is a space delimited file containing the raw data from the datalogger Rire aree ne SEHE BU PEOR LOG file otherwise troubleshooting the data will be very difficult if any problems or questions about the data quality should appear Select Open Real Time Session from the File menu or press on Open Instrument selected the button Choose the correct Background Scatter File and Select an Background and Output file Output file selected 39 LISST 100X User s Guide A display will appear on the screen It is similar to the main Sample saved window of the View Processed Data function By selecting the Next button the window will be updated with the current size distribution Note that if the water is clean the display may not show any volume distribution The Sample Number value displayed underneath the plots will increment each time a sample is saved The Timer button function is similar to its use in viewing Timer button processed data
63. instrument The serial number cannot contain any letters only numbers The second column is the instrument type A B or C Type A is the early 5 500 micron unit discontinued Type B is the 1 25 250 micron unit Type C is the 2 5 500 micron unit The third column is the memory size The options are either 529000 standard or 2102000 2Mb upgrade for the original LISST 100 For the LISST 100X instrument enter 2102000 The fourth column is the Volume Conversion Constant This value is instrument specific and can be found in the LISST INI file in the C Windows directory from the previous installation It can also be found by selecting Edit Calibration Constants in the previous versions The fifth column is an 79 LISST 100X User s Guide indicator for the LISST 100X type instruments Place an X in this column for the LISST 100X instruments and leave it blank for the LISST 100 instruments Save the changes to the InstrumentData Txt file If you have multiple instruments copy the numbers from these instrument s InstrumentData txt files to the same file Step 4 Edit LISST INI The LISST SOP software is designed to support the use of multiple instruments The LISST INI file contains the calibration values for the auxiliary parameters for each instrument to be used Before installing the LISST SOP rename the LISST INI file in the Windows folder to LISSTV3 INI and copy it to the temporary install directory Open the LISSTV3 INI file with No
64. ivered by the LISST 100X are the small angle scattering properties of particles in water the laser optical transmissivity depth and temperature An auxiliary Analog port is available for recording data from an external input After recovery of the instrument small angle scattering data are off loaded from the instrument and subsequently inverted mathematically on a PC to produce the particle size distribution The inversion function is included in the software The principal measurement angular scattering distribution is obtained over 32 ring detectors whose radii increase logarithmically from 102 to 20 000 microns The detector is placed in the focal plane of the receiving lens The rings cover an angular range from 0 0017 to 0 34 radians Type B or 0 00085 0 17 radians Type C This angular range corresponds respectively to size ranges from 1 2 to 250 microns Type B or 2 5 500 microns General layout This self contained instrument consists of the following parts a solid state laser operating at 670nm wavelength and fiber optically connected to a laser beam collimating system a beam manipulation and orienting system a scattered light receiving lens the specially designed 32 ring detector preamplifier electronics a ring selecting multiplexer circuitry and a data logger Depth and In addition to measuring the particle size and concentration the Temperature LISST 100X also has built in Depth and Temperature sensors
65. ment housing Remove the shorter screw such that the threaded screw hole is empty This is the most clockwise screw of the pair This threaded hole will be used to hold the BioBlock in place SS Ne Sa Step 3 Slowly slide the BioBlock shutter assembly straight down between the Crossbar Standoffs and the windows the LISST 100X sample volume taking care not to drag the copper plates across the windows The assembly is designed to fit snugly between the Crossbar Standoffs If the fit is too tight the plastic sides of the assembly may be lightly sanded until the parts fit together easily Holding the BioBlock body firmly against the LISST 100X and ensuring that the shutter assembly is centered in the LISST 100X sample volume install and tighten the mounting screw This screw is provided with the unit and is not the screw that was removed in Step 2 Step 4 Use large tie wraps to secure the BioBlock body to the LISST 100X as shown in the photo on the right The tie wraps should be placed over the bolts extending from the mounting brackets Trim excess ends of tie wraps Step 5 Connect the BioBlock cable to the LISST 100X Verify normal operation by cycling the system using the LISST EXE software The BioBlock shutter should position itself smoothly during cycling with no binding If necessary loosen the mounting screw slightly and adjust the position of the BioBlock slightly to improve operation and then re tighten the sc
66. ment you are using If you are returning data from more than one instrument please send them in separate emails with data from only one instrument in each email and the subject line clearly indicating instrument type and serial number Email the data to your local Sequoia distributor together with a detailed explanation of what you were doing and how the data were collected If you purchased the instrument directly from Sequoia email the data to info SequoiaSci com PLEASE NOTE We cannot use the psd or asc files produced by the LISST SOP for roubleshooting do not include these in your email We can only help you if you supply the nformation listed in 1 3 above Q When I try to query the instrument I get this error Check communication cable connections check batteries or power supply check serial port settings OK A In addition to checking the cable power and serial port settings make sure that the instrument is not running Open up the terminal window and confirm that no program is running If a program is running stop it by clikcing the stop button close the terminal window and try to query the instrument again A No valid query response received from instrument Q I cannot connect to my LISST 100X The communication cable is connected to my computer as well as my LISST 100X and the LISST SOP is running but I am unable to talk to the instrument A Check the following 1 First make sure that the inst
67. mmand and then goes back to sleep Therefore the wait could be as long as 32 seconds for the LISST 100X Upon wake up the instrument status will be displayed If the cable connections are not correct or if the battery is not installed a warning message will appear after the time expires The serial port settings can be checked by selecting Serial Port Settings from the Communication menu The default settings are COM1 9600 baud 8 data bits No parity 1 stop bit and no protocol LISST 100X User s Guide 14 Step 8 Open Terminal window 15 Wake Up Instrument x Waking up the instrument can take as long as 138 seconds 3 Seconds have passed The LISST SOP has a terminal window that allows the user to communicate directly with the instrument To open the Terminal window select Terminal Window from the Communications window or select the amp button form the tool bar A window similar to the one shown below will appear Instrument lt Send Port Stop Start If you do not see the L100x gt prompt click the Send button Commands can be typed into the box in the lower section of the window When the Enter key or the Send button is pressed the command will be sent to the instrument The Start button sends a GO command to the instrument to start the instrument sampling using the current settings The STOP button sends a CTRL C to stop the sampling and to turn off the main power If t
68. must exercise extreme caution in using correct polarities on the external 3 pin connector Reverse polarities or misconnection may damage the electronics the repair of which would not be covered under the warranty The step by step procedure for accessing and replacing the battery pack is described below LISST 100X User s Guide 64 STEP BY STEP PROCEDURE CHANGING THE BATTERY e Place the LISST 100X in a horizontal position U blocks have been provided for this purpose Disconnect all cables from the end cap Install caps on connectors to protect pins Caps installed on the Caps MUST be installed on connectors before submerging into water COnnectors e Remove the six recessed bolts from the end cap The recessed bolts Use the Allen wrench provided The threads of the bolts have been removed from the coated with an anti seize compound Spare bolts are included with end cap the LISST 100X 5 e Insert the three long bolts into the threaded holes next to the hold The three long bolts down screws are inserted e Next remove the end cap by gently threading the long bolts in End cap and battery evenly They will bottom out against the edge of the pressure removed from the housing and slowly force out the connector endcap When the O case ring becomes visible grasp the ring attached to the end cap with standoffs and pull gently away from the case Slight rotation will sometimes be helpful The end cap has an O ring se
69. n microns of each bin for both instrument types See also this article on Sequoia s homepage http www sequoiasci com Articles ArticlePage aspx pageid 150 rho 200 1 32 bins 1 1 25 rho 0 31 Slower limit for type B bins 1 25 rho 1 32 upper limit for type B bins sqrt bins 1 bins 2 mid point for type B bins 2 5 rho 0 31 Slower limit for type C bins 2 5 rho 1 32 upper limit for type C bins sqrt bins 4 bins 5 mid point for type C The following lines of code in MATLAB will compute the lower upper and median angles in degrees for the VSF measurement in air and water B all logspace 0 10910 200 33 0 1 Screate 33 logspaced angles over a 1 200 dynamic range starting at O 1degrees type B LISSE B_all B_all ANGLES O2 1 _ 11 1 32 lower limits are the first 32 of 33 ANGLES O2 2 B all 2 33 The upper limits are the last 32 of 33 ES_O2 3 t ANGLES O2 1 ANGLES O2 2 Midpoints logspace 0 10910 200 33 0 05 Screate 33 logspaced les over a 1 200 dynamic range starting at 0 05degrees type ES_O2 4 C all 1 32 The lower limits are the first 32 33 ES O2 5 C all 2 33 The upper limits are the last 32 33 ES_O2 6 ANGLES O2 4 ANGLES O2 5 Midpoints ES_H20 ANGLES O2 1 33 Create angles i
70. n selected before starting the Open Raw Data file command See step 1 Output data file name selected A display similar to the one shown below will appear i 4095 0 ba LISST C1039_03 Laser Power Battery Voltage Pressure 1039 035 Laser In Situ Scattering and Transmissometry LISST Data File The top portion of the display is a graphical representation of the raw data from the 32 rings The value of the 32 rings is represented as a vertical line with time moving from left to right The lower portion of the display shows the time history of some of the Auxiliary parameters This can be useful for determining when the instrument came out of the water when a particular profile was started or for determining what range of the datafile to process To change which Auxiliary parameters are displayed choose Auxiliary Parameter Display from the Options menu Note that only 400 samples of the Auxiliary Parameters are displayed at a time Use the Next and Previous buttons to move through the complete datafile The triangles on the lower edge of the upper display will indicate where in the complete datafile the currently displayed section is located The vertical cursor on the lower plot can be moved by clicking the mouse at the desired location Main data processing selection window displayed to the screen 33 LISST 100X User s Guide 7 e Additional information is stored in
71. n release and form small bubbles on the optical surfaces At this point instrument is ready to go Let s install the software that is required for operation of the instrument A software disk is included with each instrument In addition to the communication and processing program the disk also contains calibration files specific for your instrument Follow the installation instructions in the README TXT file on the disk to install the software Start the LISST SOP software by selecting it from the Start menu The name LISST SOP refers to the Standard Operating Procedure functionality of the program Users with experience on previous versions of the LISST 100 software may find the Appendix E Software Upgrade Installation Procedure a good introduction to the software Appendix D has a table describing the functions of each button It is highly recommended that existing users who are upgrading to Version 4 65 from earlier versions Versions 3 xx of the LISST software read Appendix D and E before continuing There are a number of steps that must be performed before the software will function correctly with older instruments The instrument is shipped in a low power Sleep mode to conserve battery power To wake up the instrument select Wake Up LISST from the LISST menu A dialog box will appear counting down the maximum time required for the instrument to wake up The instrument sleeps for 30 seconds wakes up for 1 second to look for a wake up co
72. n water using the refractive index of water 71 LISST 100X User s Guide Angles in air Angles in Degrees for the VSF measurement in air are shown in the table below See also Sequoia s homepage http www sequoiasci com Articles ArticlePage aspx pagelId 177 Type B Type C Ring Size bin Lower Upper Median Lower Upper Median 1 32 0 100 0 118 0 109 0 050 0 059 0 054 2 31 0 118 0 139 0 128 0 059 0 070 0 064 3 30 0 139 0 164 0 151 0 070 0 082 0 076 4 29 0 164 0 194 0 179 0 082 0 097 0 089 5 28 0 194 0 229 0 211 0 097 0 114 0 105 6 27 0 229 0 270 0 249 0 114 0 135 0 124 7 26 0 270 0 319 0 293 0 135 0 159 0 147 8 25 0 319 0 376 0 346 0 159 0 188 0 173 9 24 0 376 0 444 0 409 0 188 0 222 0 204 10 23 0 444 0 524 0 482 0 222 0 262 0 241 11 22 0 524 0 618 0 569 0 262 0 309 0 284 12 21 0 618 0 729 0 671 0 309 0 365 0 336 13 20 0 729 0 861 0 792 0 365 0 430 0 396 14 19 0 861 1 02 0 935 0 430 0 508 0 467 15 18 1 02 1 20 1 10 0 508 0 599 0 552 16 17 1 20 1 41 1 30 0 599 0 707 0 651 17 16 1 41 1 67 1 54 0 707 0 834 0 768 18 15 1 67 1 97 1 81 0 834 0 985 0 906 19 14 1 97 232 2 14 0 985 1 16 1 07 20 13 2 32 2 74 2 52 1 16 1 37 1 26 21 12 2 74 3 24 2 98 1 37 1 62 1 49 22 11 3 24 3 82 3 52 1 62 1 91 1 76 23 10 3 82 4 51 4 15 1 91 2 25 2 07 24 9 4 51 5 32 4 90 2 25 2 66 2 45 25 8 5 32 6 28 5 78 2 66 3 14 2 89 26 7 6 28 7 41 6 82 3 14 3 70 3 41 27 6 7 41 8 74 8 05 3 70 4 37 4 02 28 5 8 74 10 31 9 49 4 37 5 16 4 75 29 4 10 3
73. ng Files from memory After a file has been offloaded from memory is can be deleted from the compact flash memory Open the Terminal window by choosing Terminal Window from the Communication menu or by pressing on the Terminal Window button At the Terminal Window enter the command DD in the command box and press the send button The DD command Display Directory will list all the files in memory to the screen To delete a file enter the command DL filename ext where filename ext is the file to offload Wildcards such as or L dat can also be used WARNING Once a file has been deleted there is no way to recover the data Make sure that the file has been properly offloaded before deleting any files 31 LISST 100X User s Guide STEP BY STEP PROCEDURE PROCESSING RAW DATA Step Action Result 1 e Start LISST SOP program Program started e Select Settings from the File menu and click on the Output Tab The window below will appear prompting for the desired output to use for the future data processing Note this selection must be made BEFORE starting the processing command 2 Note A binary PSD file is always created when processing raw data This is isplay lew Rings For lI ocations used to display the processed Realtime Instrument Data p Processing Existing Raw Data File data to the screen Build an ASCII raw dat
74. nt Memory Capacity Instrument Accessories Instrument Owner Auxiliary Parameters The table below lists the auxiliary parameter labels and calibration constants These values are saved in the LISST INI file They can be viewed and or edited using the Edit Calibration Constants from the DataFrames menu Auxiliary Parameter Display Label Multiplier Offset Units Parameter 1 Laser Power mW Parameter 2 Battery 0 01 0 volts Parameter 3 External Instrument volts Parameter 4 Laser Reference mW Parameter 5 Depth 0 01 meters depth Parameter 6 Temperature 0 01 0 Deg C Parameter 7 Day 100 Hour 1 0 Parameter 8 Minutes 100 seconds 1 0 Volume Conversion Constant Constants for Firmware These constants are entered at the factory to be resident in the instrument firmware Parameter Number Parameter Multiplier Offset Parameter 1 Battery Volts Parameter 2 Depth Parameter 3 Temperature Instrument Reference Data Ring Values 1 Laser Power counts 1 5 2 Laser Reference Power counts counts 3 4 5 Verified by 69 LISST 100X User s Guide Appendix B Data Storage Format and Size Ranges Size Ranges Angles of Observation and Data Storage Format Size Ranges There are 32 size ranges logarithmically placed from 1 25 250 microns in diameter or 2 5 500 microns the upper size in each bin is 1 180 times the lower
75. o the screen as they are acquired After all 20 are collected the average will be displayed If the values are acceptable the values can be saved to a file Enter the filename in the box and press the Accept and Save button If there is a problem with the instrument or if the water or windows are not clean error messages will be displayed Dirty water or windows will generally cause higher values across the middle rings Large bubbles or particles in the water can cause higher values on the inner rings or left hand side of the display High values on the inner rings combined with a lower Laser power value can also be an indication of optical misalignment The heart and soul of the new LISST SOP software is the Operating Modes window This window is used to set all of the deployment parameters To open the window choose Operating Modes from the LISST menu or press the button on the tool bar A window similar to the one shown below will appear LISST Instrument Operation x Instrument Status Operating Mode Start Condition Stop Condition Bender fi 004 LISST Operating Procedure File Ready Browse Running r Summar C Sleeping Realtime Operating Start at depth of 0 1 meters Stop at depth of 0 1 meters Samples Stored Samples Remaining 5550 Battery Voltage fi 7 86 m Comments Extemal Switch oN Date o6 6 02 Time 134057 Set Clock Ez B Save Summary to LOP Send Bas
76. of the instrument This step should be repeated for each instrument LISST 100X User s Guide 80 Note Some instruments may have custom features such as the options Conductivity and Temperature sensor These instruments will require a custom Base program that has been modified to work with the instrument Contact Sequoia Scientific for more details at info SequoiaSci com After changing the serial number this program can then be loaded into the instrument Before installing the program into the instrument using the new LISST software connect the communications cable and establish a connection using the new Terminal window of the LISST software To open the terminal window choose Terminal Window from the Communications menu Make sure that no programs are running the OK gt prompt is displayed The clear any resident program by issuing a NEW command To install the new base program from the LISST SOP program select the Send Program option from the LISST menu A file selection dialog box should be displayed Choose the program that is to be loaded on to the instrument and select OK A transfer status display will appear as the program is loaded To confirm the loading issue a LIST command from the Terminal Window The software and instrument are now ready to use 81 LISST 100X User s Guide Appendix F Horizontal Chamber Installation Procedure Step 1 Before installing the Small Volume Horizontal Chamber first clean the windows
77. ollows command prompts will be displayed for the value Example input MA 10 Cautions None ST Set Start Condition Syntax ST x or st x where x is the start condition code Description The ST command sets the start condition to be used when the GO command is issued The start condition options are 1 Depth Start 2 Time Date Start 3 Mechanical Switch Start 4 Digital Input Start 5 Delay Start If no value follows command prompts will be displayed for the value Example input ST 5 TD Set Start Condition Data Syntax TD x or td x where x is the start condition data Description The TD command sets the start condition data to be used when the GO command is issued The start condition data is used with the Start Condition setting For example if the Start Condition is Depth Start option 1 the input will be start depth in meters If the start condition is set to Time Date Start option 2 the input for TD will be the start date and time If the Start Condition is Delay Start option 5 the input will be time delay in seconds The TD setting is ignored for Mechanical Switch Start option 3 or Digital Input Start option 4 If no value follows command prompts will be displayed for the value Example input TD 12 31 05 23 59 59 or TD 3600 SP Set Stop Condition Syntax SP x or sp x where x is the stop condition code
78. op as icon This will create an icon on the desktop for later use Note The Start In directory must be the same as the LISST EXE program Start the program by double clicking on the icon or choosing LISST from the Start menu From the File menu choose Settings Select the File Locations tab The directory shown should be the same as the installation directory If it is not use the Browse button to navigate to the correct directory The default directory is C Program Files Sequoia LISST100 Step 6 Configure and Install Base program 479041918 0 The LISST 100X no longer uses a Base Program The following description is for older style LISST 100 instrument that do require a Base Program The Base program is a combination of all of the previous TTB programs The LISST SOP program is used to choose the desired settings that are then used to command the Base program Before loading this program on to each LISST instrument we must first configure it with the correct serial number and memory size Open the LISST1004 TTB program with any text editor such as Notepad Change the serial number to match your instrument serial number at Line 1815 If the instrument is configured with a 2MB memory upgrade you will also need to change Lines 10010 and 13620 At these lines there are two lines of code One line has REM in front of it To switch lines move the REM from one to the other Save the file as LISSTxxxx TTB where xxxx is the serial number
79. ot in use the instrument should be stored in a well padded case For longer storage year or so the communication cable should be disconnected and the battery pack should be removed If you do not wish to remove the battery or disconnect it battery life can be prolonged with the use of the Low Power Sleep Mode In this mode the instrument will use no more than 10 of a typical battery life over a 6 month duration To put the instrument in to low power sleep mode choose Put LISST to Sleep from the LISST menu To get the lowest power consumption the Communications cable must be disconnected from the instrument and the Switch Lever on the endcap must be in the 1 position As has been noted earlier the condition of the windows is critical to the performance of the LISST 100X Care must be taken when cleaning the windows The windows and the instrument should 3 be rinsed thoroughly with fresh water after each deployment The windows should be cleaned with a soft cloth or lens tissue Liquid detergent soap and water may be used For removing grease spots finger prints etc alcohol may be used Do not use stronger solvents such as Acetone or Toluene Abrasive powders must never be used near the optics windows they will scratch the windows and degrade instrument performance O rings that seal the mating parts of the instrument must be maintained and inspected regularly Whenever the connector end cap is removed check the O rin
80. ples per Burst Acquisition Action Commands DL filename Grab sample and transmit it Start Data collection using current parameters Grab sample and transmit it YMODEM offload of file at 115K Baud Go into deep sleep mode minimum power consumption ZS Acquire 20 samples and transmit them Used by SOP Acquire Background 51 LISST 100X User s Guide LISST 100X Command Details Display Commands DB Display Battery Voltage Syntax DB or db Description The current battery voltage is displayed to the screen Example input DB output Current Battery voltage 8 90 volts DD Display Disk Directory Syntax DD or dd Description Display current disk directory in DOS type format Includes total bytes used and bytes available Example input DD results L100x gt dd LISST 100X Disk Directory Volume in drive C is NONAME Volume Serial Number is 778B 155F Directory of CA L040305 BIN L183705 BIN 4 136 03 05 04 6 30p 1 672 03 05 04 6 37p 2 file s L100x 5 808 bytes 0 dir s 15 933 440 bytes free DS Display current status information Syntax DS or ds Description The instrument settings and status are displayed to the screen Example input DS output LISST 100X Current Status and Settings Serial number 1004 Operating Mode Burst Mode Start Condition Time Start at 03 1
81. plot Save values as default LISST 100X User s Guide 40 e The raw scattering values can be graphically display by Value of rings for selecting the View Rings command from the File menu An current frame example of this display is shown below displayed Transmission 96 Raw Ring Count Background Scatter Laser Power 0 Factory Laser Power 500 e Asingle sample may be saved to a separate file by pressing the Averaged data Save Single Sample button acquired and stored to an ASCII file e When finished close the main window to stop communication Finished and with the LISST 100X shutdown CAUTION The laser and Main power are on continuously while in the Real Time Session The program will stop and the power will be turned off when the window is closed However if the window is left open the power will remain on potentially draining substantial life from the battery To turn off the power without exiting the Real Time session press the o button on the toolbar To start data collection again press the Next button The instrument will power up and store a sample This will take more time that a normal sample Once powered up the instrument will perform as usual 41 LISST 100X User s Guide STEP BY STEP PROCEDURE CONFIGURING DATA COLLECTION e Connect the instrument to the PC and start the LISST SOP LISST SOP open program and communicating with LISST 100X e Open the Operating Modes window by
82. r to the electronics module Once power is applied the instrument begin running and the L100X prompt will be displayed It may be necessary to put the instrument into low power sleep mode after the battery is reconnected Re wrap the battery with the Velcro wrap Adjust the position of the Battery wrapped up connectors to minimize the diameter of the assembly If the connectors are not arranged properly it will be difficult to insert the battery into the pressure case Before installing the end cap into the case clean and lightly grease O ring greased and the O ring You may want to remove it and inspect it for any cuts or inspected for any defects defects Use clean fingers to apply o ring grease Paper or cloth can leave fibers on the o ring which can cause the o ring to leak The inside diameter of the case should be similarly cleaned and lightly greased Install the end cap into the case by first lining up the holes in the end The end cap installed cap with the threaded holes in the case into the case and the A slight twisting motion will help the o ring obtain a good seal This case is now sealed will also allow the bolt holes to be lined up 14 e Applying uniform force push the end cap into the case After the End cap is back in end cap is inserted slightly rotate the end cap place 15 e Install the bolts tightening evenly until they are snug but not tight End cap is secured in Do not over tighten Th
83. ram is confirmed to be running and waiting for the correct start conditions the LISST SOP program can be closed and the communications cable can be disconnected Be sure to replace the connector cap before deployment LISST 100X User s Guide 46 Instrument Communication Serial Port Communication with the LISST 100X is via an RS 232C link A Settings cable that connects the instrument to a PC has been provided This cable connects the 4 pin underwater connector on the instrument to a DB 9 serial port connector If required DB 9 to DB 25 pin adapters are available The RS232 link communicates at 9600 baud 8 data bits No parity and 1 stop bit Data file transfer is done using a YMODEM transfer at 115K baud Using the Opening the Terminal Window or alternate terminal software Terminal Window such as MotoCross installs in the LISSTIOO folder during installation of the SOP with the proper COM port and communications settings will allow the user to communicate with the instrument The LISST 100X should respond by either displaying text from a running program or echoing an L100X gt prompt If the instrument is in the Deep Sleep Mode it will only wake up every 30 seconds Print ZZZ to the screen and then return to sleep The instrument firmware is retained in on board flash memory and will start executing when power is applied After a power up pressing the ENTER key will cause an echo of the L100X gt prompt The Stop button
84. re RP dee PR n atte stb day Pre pe aha eir i RARE 6 GENERAL DESCRIPTION RD D EDO DA e aqyapa aasan unay tends 9 SECTION 2 OPERATION 12 GETTING STARTED 13 STEP BY STEPPROCEDURES nie ER Miete oto etes iie eei t eI huku 27 Step by Step Procedure Record and Store Background Scatterfile ses 28 Step by Step Procedure Offloading Deleting Data eerte 30 Step by Step Procedure Processing raw data esee 32 Step by Step Procedure View processed datafile eee nennen 36 Step by Step Procedure Real time data processing eese nennen nens 39 Step by Step Procedure Configuring data collection esee 42 INSTRUMENT COMMUNICATION staunen URN UNE RR paiay a Reps 47 LISST 100X COMMAND SUMMARY s snn Poe ee inte etn 51 LISST 100X COMMAND DETAILS s eren REIR USE D eue e P Uo Em en ex S XD Ree 52 PERFORMANCE OPTIMIZATION ss E E ONE I esu sede nce io est ete peer PRESS ERR Pe Yee 58 INSTRUMENT MOUNTING STORAGE AND MAINTENANCE 62 Step by Step Procedure Changing the Battery eese nennen 65 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS aeriene ti a negro Ee RARO preteen eet er EO EEE 67 INDEX C 68 APPENDIX A INSTRUMENT SPECIFIC DOC
85. repair or replacement on Customer s premises As to any Product repaired or replaced by SEQUOIA the Warranty Period will end upon the later of one 1 year after SEQUOIA s delivery of the original Product or 90 days after SEQUOIA s delivery of the repaired or replacement Product Any Product component part or other item replaced by SEQUOIA becomes the property of SEQUOIA 3 Infringement Indemnification If any Product does not comply with the warranty set forth in 1 c above SEQUOIA will defend and indemnify Customer against any third party claim asserted in any proceeding against Customer based on this noncompliance provided that Customer gives SEQUOIA prompt written notice of the claim SEQUOIA has exclusive control over the defense and settlement of the claim Customer provides such assistance as SEQUOIA may request in connection with the defense and settlement of the claim in which event SEQUOIA will reimburse the reasonable out of pocket costs incurred by Customer to provide such assistance Customer does not settle the claim without the prior written consent of SEQUOIA and upon SEQUOIA s request Customer returns the Non Complying Product to SEQUOIA for modification replacement or a refund of the purchase price paid by Customer to SEQUOIA for the Non Complying Product less a reasonable allowance for Customer s use prior to return 4 Exclusive Warranties THE WARRANTIES SET FORTH IN PARAGRAPH 1 ABOVE ARE EXCLUSIVE AND IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER
86. rew LISST 100X User s Guide 84 Configuring and Operating the BioBlock on the LISST 100X The LISST 100X comes pre configured for use with the BioBlock There is a dedicated 3 pin BioBlock connector on the endcap and the firmware is designed to utilize the BioBlock shutter during sampling The only thing remaining is to inform the firmware that the BioBlock has been installed To do this a simple two letter command has been added to tell the instrument the BioBlock is attached The command is BB short for BioBlock The summary of the command is below BB BioBlock Configuration and Test Command Syntax BB or bb Description Configure the BioBlock Connection Setting and send test commands Example input BB 1 output BioBlock is now connected Input options 0 BioBlock is not connected 1 BioBlock is connected 10 BioBlock is connected and issues a command to close the BioBlock 11 BioBlock is connected and issues a command to open the BioBlock As shown in the shown in the table above the BB command has multiple input options In addition to telling the firmware that the BioBlock is connected the command can also be used for testing the operation of the BioBlock For example issuing a BB 10 command will enable the connection and send the command to close the BioBlock A BB 11 command will also enable the connection and send an open command During normal sampling the
87. ring values to be much higher than the factory values and is also the reason for the decrease in transmitted laser power It must be noted that low laser power or high inner rings may not always indicate misalignment Low laser power can also occur because the windows or water is dirty or if there are bubbles on the window Large particles or bubbles can cause the inner rings to be higher than factory values All of the other possibilities must be eliminated before the conclusion of misalignment can be reached The transmit optics on the LISST 100X do allow for the possibility of the user adjusting the alignment A written procedure can be provided for this procedure However it is highly recommended that the need for re alignment be discussed with a trained Sequoia Scientific technical service representative tore etter pte thts preesse 60 LISST 100X User s Guide 61 LISST 100X User s Guide Instrument Mounting Storage and Maintenance Mount the instrument Horizontal Isolate from all other metal This section contains information on mounting storing and maintaining the LISST 100X The LISST 100X measures scattered light to obtain particle size distributions Therefore it is important to keep particles from sticking to the window surface The first line of defense it to keep the window surface vertical by mount the instrument horizontally This is most critical when
88. rocedure File Comments can be entered before saving in the box below the summary Previously saved LOP file can be opened using the Browse button Press the Apply button to configure the instrument This will cause the settings to be transmitted to the instrument The configuration will take about 30 seconds Once the configuration is completed we can return to the Instrument Status page to see the summary of the settings and save them for future use if desired Press the OK button to complete the configuration A prompt will ask if we would like to open the Terminal window to start the instrument Choose OK Step 16 Starting The instrument is now configured for deployment however it is not yet the program running In order for the instrument to respond to the correct Start Condition the program must be started The configuration of the instrument can be checked by selecting Query Instrument from the LISST menu or by choosing the button from the tool bar A window will appear showing the current status and configuration To start the program press the Start button in the lower right section of the Terminal window The program will start and display text to the screen as it is running Depending upon the Start Conditions text will be displayed approximately every 30 seconds At this point the user will know that the instrument is running and is ready to be deployed For our example it will be displaying a message that reads Waiting for
89. rument is not already programmed and waiting for a start event to appear see the Q amp A immediately above this one 2 Do not use a netbook for connecting to a LISST 100X It will generally not work If you are using a netbook switch to a desktop a laptop or a notebook computer in that preferred order running the LISST SOP Note for DELL users It is known that some DELL computers have an error in their BIOS that makes it difficult to connect to the serial port either directly if it exists or via a USB serial adapter if no serial port exists If you are using DELL computer check on DELL s website www dell com if a BIOS upgrade is available for your particular model If an upgrade is available download and 87 LISST 100X User s Guide install it and try connecting again before proceeding further It is not known if this problem also exists for computers from other manufacturers 3 If possible connect directly to an actual serial port i e do not use a USB Serial adapter unless absolutely necessary and check if this makes a difference 4 Close the LISST SOP and open up the MOTOCROSS program This program is located in the LISST100 directory on your computer motocross exe Be sure that the selected communication port is correct and that its settings are correct 5 Check the connectivity of the communication cable You will need 2 paperclips and a voltmeter You also need to consult the connector diagram for the 5 pin
90. se for comparison the window will be displayed 1000 Output File Laser power is too low compared to factory value Current laser power Factory laser power 1500 Average ring values exceed factory by a factor of at least 2 0 for 13 ring s 20 frames collected Frame Num BEGIN Collect Accept and Save Cancel When the BEGIN Collect button is pressed 20 samples will be displayed to the screen as they are acquired After all 20 are collected the average will be displayed If the values are acceptable the values can be saved to a file Enter the filename in the box and press the Accept and Save button LISST 100X User s Guide 28 If there is a problem with the instrument or if the water or windows are not clean error messages will be displayed Dirty water or windows will generally cause higher values across the middle rings Large bubbles or particles in the water can cause higher values on the inner rings or left hand side of the display High values on the inner rings combined with a lower Laser power value can also be an indication of optical misalignment Notes 29 LISST 100X User s Guide STEP BY STEP PROCEDURE OFFLOADING DELETING DATA FILES Step Action Result 1 e Start LISST SOP program Program started 2 e Select Offload from the LISST menu or press on the Gets current directory of files Offload button from memory and displays
91. splaying on the screen No data is saved in the datafile when this mode is used The Burst and Fixed Sample Rate modes are used to save data in the on board datafile The icons next to the various values give a better understanding of their meaning The software automatically checks the values entered to make sure that there is no conflict For example when a Measurements per Average value is entered the minimum sample interval is computed If this value is less than the minimum permitted the value will be changed to the minimum and the text will turn red A similar test is done on the Burst Interval setting For this example let s set the instrument to sample in the Fixed Sample Rate mode at a Hz rate with 10 measurements per average After selecting the Operating mode the start and stop conditions can be selected Choose the Start Condition tab at the top of the window The Start Condition window shown below is used to select the mode in which sampling will be started LISST 100X User s Guide 18 LISST Instrument Operation x Instrument Status Operating Mode Start Condition Stop Condition C Depth Start when depth exceeds 0 meters C Time Start Date 7 2000 Start Time 3 8 fo h C Extemal Digital Input o Hous Minutes C Delay Cancel Apply Help There are five options Depth Time External Mechanical Switch External Digital Input and Time Delay Selec
92. steam distilled drinking water and filter it through 0 2um filter Another consideration when acquiring a background 15 outgassing causing small bubbles to form on the instrument and windows Bubbles on the windows will greatly modify the scattering pattern rendering the background useless Be sure to remove any bubbles from the windows before acquiring a background scatterfile Use a squirt bottle or pipette to blow the bubbles off the window A small volume horizontal chamber has been provided for submerging the optics while acquiring a background is inserted between the windows of the optics The instrument should be placed horizontally on the supplied white plastic supports Roughly 120 milli liters of water is needed to fill the chamber Because the area surrounding the windows is submerged it is important to thoroughly clean and rinse this part of the instrument before acquiring a background Toothbrush liquid soap and water works well for cleaning the optical end of the instrument do not use abrasive powders they will scratch optics and destroy instrument performance LISST 100X User s Guide 58 Avoid Direct Direct sunlight should also be avoided when obtaining a sunlight background The unit is relatively insensitive to sunlight however bright light can increase the noise in the measurement and give a false background scattering measurement It is recommended that the end of the instrument be shrouded wit
93. t ee Frame o fio The range of samples to process can be selected by entering values in the Select First and Select Last boxes The default selection is to process the complete file Press the Process File button to convert the raw file into processed size distributions For more details on the available options when this window is open please see the detailed Instruction for Processing Raw Datafiles For our example press the Process File button When the processing is complete the button label will change to read Finished Processed data files are stored as ASCII files and as binary files with a PSD extension The PSD files can be opened and viewed on the screen To open a processed Particle Size Distribution file choose Open Particle Distribution File or press the Ir button on the toolbar A display similar to the one below should open The left hand figure will display a bar chart showing the Volume concentration in each of the 32 log spaced size classes The right hand plot will be the Cumulative Concentration To view the samples as a movie press the Timer Off button The slider bar next to the button adjusts the refresh rate The First Prev Next and Last buttons allow you to step through the measurements one frame at a time When the last frame is reached the movie display will stop Use the First button to return to the first sample and press the Timer Off button to restart the display LISST 100X User s Guide 22 23 l
94. t the mode by clicking on the button next to its label Select the correct parameters as required For this example let s select the External Mechanical Switch Start Condition Step 14 Setting Similarly the Stop conditions can also be selected Click on the Stop Stop Conditions Condition Tab to open the Stop Condition window The available stop conditions are Depth Time External Mechanical Switch External Digital Input Fixed number of Samples and Maximum Memory Low Battery LISST Instrument Operation x Instrument Status Operating Mode Start Condition Stop Condition Stop when depth less than meters Time Stop Date 2 ZEN eo Stop Time EE x EJ p C Extemal Mechanical Switch Extemal Digital Input C Fixed Number of Samples Number of Samples to store fi C Maximum Memory Battery suom 19 LISST 100X User s Guide For this example choose the External Mechanical Switch as the Stop condition After selecting the Stop Conditions return to the Instrument Status page by clicking on the Instrument Status Tab Step 15 Saving Once the settings have been sent to the instrument the Instrument Status the settings for Page will display the summary of the settings that have been selected future use These setting can be saved for later use by selecting the Save Summary to LOP A file name will be prompted for The file will be given an LOP extension which will identify it as a LISST Operating P
95. t them on a flat working surface Remove the LISST 100X from the case and set it on the stands The LISST 100X has two distinct ends that we will refer to as the Optics endcap and the Connector endcap The connector endcap has three underwater connectors that are used for communication external power and connecting to optional accessories or instruments The battery pack is attached to the inside of this endcap The optics endcap contains the optical windows that the laser beam passes through to make a measurement The internal optics and electronics are mounted to the inside of this endcap At this time let s check the optical windows to make sure that they are clean There are two windows The receive window is mounted in the center of the optics endcap The transmit window is located in the crossbar suspended above the endcap The best way to check the windows is by using a flashlight By shining light from one side and viewing from the other the surface of the windows can be easily checked for cleanliness If there is dirt or fingerprints on the windows clean them first by rinsing them with lukewarm water and a mild soap solution e g mild hand soap liquid dish soap and then rinsing off all soap residue with clean particle free water such as deionized water MilliQ water or distilled water The windows can also be wiped clean with a soft cloth e g a lens cloth and alcohol It is not recommended to use stronger solvents such as acetone or
96. tepad Also open the L SST INI file in the temporary install directory In the new LISST INI file there will be two instrument specific sections labeled LISST1004 and LISST1005 these sections will need to be replaced with the correct calibration values for each instrument Each instrument will have its own section with a heading that is LISSTxxxx where xxxx is replace with the serial number of the instrument The previous version LISSTV3 INI will have a section labeled Instrument1 This section can be copied from the old LISST INI file for each instrument and placed into the new LISST INI file Save the changes to the new LISST INI file During the setup of the software this file will be copied to the Windows folder The existing LISST INI file will be renamed L SST old Step 5 Run Setup465 EXE and configure software Run the Setup465 exe program from the floppy drive From the Start menu select Run and enter A Setup465 exe A Welcome screen will appear Choose Next to continue to the Destination Directory screen The default directory is C Program Files Sequoia LISST100 Use the Browse button to choose a different directory Once a directory is chosen press Next Press Next again to start the install process When it is completed press OK to finish and exit the setup program From the Start menu navigate to Programs then Sequoia Scientific then LISST100 If a desktop icon is desired right click on LISST and choose Send To and then Deskt
97. th time and date Syntax SC mm dd yy hh mm ss or st mm dd yy hh mm ss Where mm month dd day yy year hh hour 24 format mm minute ss seconds If no values follow the SC or se command prompts for entering the time and date will be displayed Example input SC 01 05 2001 21 05 03 Acquisition Action commands DL Delete file from Compact Flash Module Syntax DL filename or dl filename where filename is the name of the file to be deleted Description DL command is used to delete file from the Compact flash module Wildcards such as can be used Example Input DL L159 dat Output Are you sure Y N 55 LISST 100X User s Guide Cautions WARNING Make sure that the file being delete has already been offloaded before deleting the file Once the file is delete it can not be recovered GO Start Data Collection using current Settings Syntax GO or go Description Starts Fixed Rate or Burst Mode Data collection using current settings Example Input GO Output Waiting for start conditions Cautions To stop acquisition before it is complete press the Stop button or CTRL C GX Grab sample and transmit it Syntax GX or gx Description Acquires single averaged sample and displays the result to the screen Example Input GX Output 32 ring values 8 A
98. the LISST 100X Command Summary section A new feature of the LISST SOP is the ability to acquire background scattering in real time The background scattering measurement is critical to good instrument performance It is especially critical for clean water applications where the optical transmission is greater than 80 over the 5cm path The background scattering will also check the overall health of the instrument It will verify that all of the systems are functioning and that the optics are still in alignment The current background will be acquired and displayed relative to the factory background scattering for the instrument The image below shows an example of this display It is opened by either selecting Collect Background Scatter Data from the LISST menu or by pressing the gl button on the toolbar After selecting the factory background scatter file to use for comparison the window will display Collect Background Scattering Data x 1000 Output File E Laser power is too low compared to factory value Current laser power 0 Factory laser power 1500 Average ring values exceed factory by a factor of at least 2 0 for 13 ringls 20 frames collected Frame Num BEGIN Collect Accept and Save Cancel LISST 100X User s Guide 16 Step 11 Configuring Instrument for Deployment Step 12 Setting Operating Mode 17 When the BEGIN Collect button is pressed 20 samples will be displayed t
99. the assumption that the path length is 50 mm 0 05 m If you are using a path reduction module PRM the beam attenuation will NOT be correct However the optical transmission is still correct so you can compute the beam attenuation using the following expressions c In optical transmission 1 0 025 m if you are using a 5096 PRM 25 mm path length c In optical transmission 1 0 01 m if you are using an 80 PRM 10 mm path length and c In optical transmission 1 0 005 m if you are using a 9096 PRM 5 mm path length An alternative option is to multiply the beam attenuation in column 42 with 2 5 and 10 for data obtained with 50 80 and 90 PRM s respectively LISST 100X User s Guide Appendix C Connector Pinouts for LISST 100X The LISST 100X has 3 separate underwater connectors A 5 pin a 6 pin and a 3 pin connector The photograph above shows the placement of each connector The text below describes detailed wiring for each connector Communications and Power Connector 5 pin connector Connector Manufacturer Impulse Enterprise Inc San Diego CA USA Connector Part Number Bulkhead MCBH WB 5 MP Stainless Steel Mating Cable Part Number MCIL 5 FS Connector Pin Use 1 Power Serial Ground 2 External Power In 9V nom 6 12V 3 Power Serial Ground 4 Serial Out to DB 9 Pin 2 5 Serial In to DB 9 Pin 3 4 3 2 5 5 2 1 1 Bulkhead Endview Cable Endview LISS
100. the processed Auxiliary parameter window datafile The Auxiliary parameter window displays displayed these values for the current sample pointed to by the vertical cursor They will update as the cursor is moved Selecting the Show Auxiliary Parameter Frame from the DataFrames menu opens the window An example of this window is shown below Auxiliary Parameters x Laser Power o mwatts Battery fi mb volts External Instrument m 003 volts Laser Reference fe 943 mwatts Depth p meters Temperature 5s deg Aux 1 289 Aux 2 o Transmission o Warning Water too turbid Sample Number n Show raw data 8 e The raw scattering values can be graphically Value of rings for current displayed by selecting the View Rings command frame displayed from the DataFrames menu An example of this display is shown below As with the Auxiliary Parameters the vertical cursor indicates the sample currently displayed 100 Transmission Raw Ring Count Background Scatter Laser Power Factory Laser Power 1500 LISST 100X User s Guide 34 10 Notes 35 To select the range of raw data to process position the cursor at the desired starting sample The display at the lower portion of the screen will show the current sample or frame Pressing the Select First button will set the current cursor position as the starting point for processing Similarly selecting
101. ticle size by the LISST SOP program The processing steps including optional displays and procedures View Particle After processing of the data into a Particle Size Distribution PSD size data extension file the data can be viewed to the screen This step by step procedure covers the viewing of data and optional displays Process data in Real time processing of data requires configuring the datalogger to Real time output the raw information to the LISST SOP program This step by step procedure covers the acquisition and storage of processed data Configuring The LISST SOP software allows the user to program the Data Collection instrument with a number of start and stop conditions This step by step procedure lists the available options and the unique features of each 27 LISST 100X User s Guide STEP BY STEP PROCEDURE RECORD AND STORE BACKGROUND SCATTERFILE Step Action Result 1 e Clean instrument and install Horizontal test chamber Optics submerged in water e Fill with clean filtered water 2 e Connect communications cable and run LISST SOP Communications program software started e If the data acquisition program is still running stop L100X gt prompt showing its execution with a lt CTRL C gt 3 e Open the Collect Background Scatter Data from Background collected and the LISST menu or by pressing the wl button on saved the toolbar After selecting the factory background scatter file to u
102. tings are not affected by the ZZ command 57 LISST 100X User s Guide Performance Optimization Background Scatterfile and its Importance Watch for outgassing Clean optics end before acquiring a background This section contains information on optimizing the performance of the LISST 100X As was discussed in earlier sections the LISST 100X uses a custom detector to measure light scattered at small angles from particles in water In order to measure only the scattered light contributed by the particles a measurement of the background scattering must be obtained This background scattering can come from a number of areas Scratches on the windows imperfections on the optics and other sources all contribute to the scattered light By subtracting this background scattering from the measured data a true measurement of the light scattered from the particles can be obtained The measurement of background scattering has come to be called a ZSCAT The name comes from the fact that the measurement is obtained using water with zero scatterers or particles It is very important that clean and bubble free water is used The water can be fresh or salt water For most applications it has been found that steam distilled water is sufficient Steam distilled water is typically available in one gallon containers We have found that this distilled water tends to be a bit cleaner than typical bottled or packaged water We buy
103. tly Critical alignments may be disturbed if the instrument is subjected to shock or rough handling Evidence of shock rough handling will void the warranty Whenever in transit store the instrument in the provided padded shipping case WARNING The LISST 100X uses a laser diode emitting a maximum of 1 mW of visible red light at a wavelength of 670nm The laser beam under normal circumstances is not a threat However if objects are placed in the path of the laser beam the light could be reflected into the eye causing permanent damage LISST 100X User s Guide 12 Getting Started Contents of shipping case Step 1 Remove Instrument from shipping case Step 2 Check for clean windows Step 3 Attach the Communications Cable 13 This section is designed to give the user a quick introduction to the operating procedures for the LISST 100X It gives step by step instructions to unpack load software and acquire data in the lab Following the introduction are details on each step of the process Let s assume that you are opening the LISST 100X shipping cases for the first time Inside you will find the following User s Manual with software disk LISST 100X instrument Plastic Instrument stands Small Volume Horizontal Test Chamber Communications cable test particles insulated stainless steel clamps External Power cable and Allen wrench set Start by removing the white plastic instrument stands and se
104. ux parameters Notes The GX command does not store the sample to a datafile YS YMODEM Offload Syntax YS filename or ys filename where filename is the name of the file to be offloaded Description Offloads file from Compact Flash Module to PC using YMODEM offload at 115 Kbaud Example Input YS L1391205 dat Output Starting Notes The YS will initiate the YMODEM offload on the instrument A YMODEM file transfer must be started on the PC to accept the data HyperTerminal can accept YMODEM file transfers at 115K baud ZS Grab 20 samples and transmit it Syntax ZS or zs Description Acquires 20 averaged sample and displays the result to the screen The ZS command is used by the LISST SOP program when acquiring a background Example Input ZS Output 32 ring values 8 Aux parameters repeat 20 times Notes The ZS command does not store the sample to a datafile LISST 100X User s Guide 56 ZZ Go into deep sleep mode minimum power consumption Syntax ZZ or ZZ Description Sends LISST 25X in to low power sleep mode Instrument will wake up every 10 seconds and wait for a response If there is no response with in 2 seconds the instrument will return to sleep mode Example Input ZZ Output Deep Sleep Enter zz to wake up Deep Sleep Enter zz to wake up Deep Sleep Enter zz to wake up Cautions The background scattering data and other set
105. will also send the commands to turn off the main power to the laser and electronics Pressing the Stop button when the instrument is not running will not hurt the instrument It is recommended to press the Stop button multiple times after stopping a running program to make sure that the main power is properly shut off Pressing the Start button will begin the collection of data using the current configuration Two Letter Under most situations the LISST SOP will be used to configure commands and operate the LISST 100X However there are times when the LISST 100X must interface to another datalogger or custom program For this purpose a set of two letter commands is available to operate the instrument See the following section for detailed descriptions of each command 47 LISST 100X User s Guide Start Condition Data Collection Routine The LISST SOP software or two letter commands can configure the LISST 100X with one of five Start conditions Depth Time External Mechanical Switch External Digital Input and Time Delay The details of each condition are described below Depth Start The built in depth sensor of the LISST 100X is used to check the current depth to determine if the desired start depth has been exceeded The instrument is powered up and 5 measurements of the depth are averaged over a two second period If the depth exceeds the threshold the program will proceed to the data collection routine If the depth does not exc

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