M2110 Hardware Reference Manual
Contents
1. 19 S OWEN SR S l BNP jr 22 5 Radios Sm MIN 24 ADIDAS mme 7 1 Radio Antenna Considerations 2 2 25 Flash Data Logger and Serial ID Chip sssseeeeccossssccecocccssssccecooocsssssecccocosssssccecocosssssssee ATMCSALZSLFUSE se LL MGE 29 O2 Vs UNPM 29 10 Sensor Boards Expansion Comme ctor ccccccccssssssssscccccssssssssssscccccssccsssssssscccoees 10 1 Sensor Board Compatibility via Expansion 30 USBPr srammins ee 11 1 31 11 2 Mote Programming Using the MIB520 enne 31 gt MPETRE 31 Hd SR NE 31 Table of Contents Doc 7430 0549 01 Rev Crossb w Page 1 Crossb w IRIS OEM Edition Hardware Reference Manual 31 32 12 Appendix A Warranty and Support eee eee eee e e eee ene 33 12 1 ENN pM e DAR ADD 33 12 2 Contact DIIG COPS det E mate nauem 33 12 9 FP 33 124 oss eio EE RO EO 34 Page 2 Doc 7430 0549 01 Rev A IRIS OEM Edition Hardware Reference Manual Crossb w About This Document The following annotations have been used to provide a2. 0 031 0 80 mE E 0 050 1 27 i 4 4 espere EE E ule 10 fait 0 925 23 5 mm m E 1 gt 2 LJ LJ 0 925 23 5 Figure 3 4 Recommended Land Pattern for OEM Edition Module Doc 7430 0549 01 Rev A Page 11 Crossb w IRIS OEM Edition Hardware Reference Manual 3 5 Pin out Description The 68 pin interface provides a user interface for power and ground power control of peripheral sensors ADC inputs for reading sensor outputs a UART interface and I2C interface general purpose digital IO and others Table 3 4 Pin out description for OEM Edition Module Pin Name Description Pin Name Description 2 4 PG2 GPIO 38 TC2 GPIO 7 2 I2C Bus Clock 41 NC Not Connected 1 2 i 14 NC 19 GPIO PWM LED3 Yellow LED 20 GPIO PWM LED Green LED 23 PWA GPIO PWM 57 6 GPIO Page 12 Doc 7430 0549 01 Rev A IRIS OEM Edition Hardware Reference Manual Crossb w NE EE lt lt lt lt 8 O dX Z ZO O Z gt 2 22 267 65 gt 51 35 34 GND 3e AVCC LED3 PB7 LED2 PA7 LED PE3 INT7 PE2 INT6 PB6 INT COMPONENT PBS INT4 SIDE PB4 ADC7 PW7 ADC6 PW6 ADCS PWS ADC4 PWA ADC3 PW3 ADC2 PW2 ADCI PWI ADCO PWO 68 GND E m 18
3. RF transmission power is programmable from 3 dBm to 17 2 dBm Lower transmission power can be advantageous by reducing interference and dropping radio power consumption Table 6 1 Atmel amp AT86RF230 Output Power Settings RF Power Power Register dBm code The RF received signal strength indication RSSI is read directly from the AT86RF230 Radio and sent with every radio packet received Page 24 Doc 7430 0549 01 Rev A IRIS OEM Edition Hardware Reference Manual Crossb w 7 Antennas 7 1 Radio Antenna Considerations An antenna facilitates the transfer the reception of RF energy to and from free space Care should be taken the antenna choice or design so it provides proper coverage for the environment expected Good antenna design 15 the most critical factor in obtaining good range and stable throughput in a wireless application This 1s especially true in ow power RF transceivers and compact antenna designs where antenna space 1 less than optimal However several compact cost efficient and very effective options exist for implementing integrated antennas To obtain the desired performance it 1s required that users have at least a basic knowledge about how antennas function and the design parameters involved These parameters include selecting the correct antenna antenna tuning matching gain loss and knowing the required radiation pattern Refer to the Antenna Design Considerations application note to
4. the Oscillator has a smaller output swing This reduces power consumption considerably This mode has a limited frequency range and it can not be used to drive other clock buffers and C2 should always be equal for both crystals and resonators The optimal value of the capacitors depends on the crystal or resonator in use the amount of stray capacitance and the electromagnetic noise of the environment XTAL2 L 1 XTALI GND Figure 4 3 Crystal Oscillator Connections The device has the following clock source options selectable by Flash fuse bits as shown in Table 4 1 The clock from the selected source is input to the AVR clock generator and routed to the appropriate modules Table 4 1 Device Clocking Options Selection Device Clocking Option CKSEL 3 0 Low Power Crystal Oscillator 1111 1000 Full Swing Crystal Oscillator 0111 0110 Calibrated Internal RC Oscillator some initial guidelines for choosing capacitors for use with crystals are given in Table 4 2 For ceramic resonators the capacitor values given by the manufacturer should be used Table 4 2 Low Power Crystal Oscillator Operating Modes Freq Range MHz Capacitor Range 0 9 3 0 12 22 pF ceramic resonators only 4 3 1 Internal RC Oscillator The Calibrated Internal RC Oscillator provides a default 8 0 MHz clock All frequencies are nominal values at 3V and 25 C This clock may be selected as the system clock by programming the CKSEL
5. 1 v 17 lt rs gt A Q T a sa dum ae E 28 o8 VUE a 2 AG AS N ao Re Sao 52 We S55 5B Figure 3 5 Pin out Diagram for OEM Edition Module Doc 7430 0549 01 Rev A Page 13 Crossb w IRIS OEM Edition Hardware Reference Manual 4 IRIS OEM Reference Board The IRIS OEM reference board is a carrier PCB with the same form factor and functionality as the IRIS family product It consists of a surface mount module consisting of a processor core and a two way radio high density digital interface connector RF coaxial antenna connector power supply connection battery pack connection power switch and mounting holes 4 1 Block Diagram The block diagram for OEM reference board 1 provided in Figure 4 1 The detailed schematics and Gerber files are provided in the CD ROM POWER CONNECTOR See EO DIGITAL Lo Figure 4 1 Block diagram of the OEM Reference Board 4 2 Layout Considerations The reference design requires specific support for the module I O pins used for communication with peripherals will require pull up resistors 10kQ such as the UART transmit and receive pins The RF out port must be connected to a 50 ohm trace to the antenna terminal A ground plane and proper impedance control must be observed for optimum function No additional RF filtering is necessary for the reference design A typical design should include a ground plane under the STAMP to provide a go
6. 4 4 Peak Temp 257C Ramp Ratez0 802deg C sec Temp C 0 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300 315 330 345 360 375 390 405 420 435 450 465 480 Time sec Figure 4 4 Recommended Temperature Profile for OEM Edition Module Page 18 Doc 7430 0549 01 Rev A IRIS OEM Edition Hardware Reference Manual Crossb w 4 5 Peripheral Interfaces on OEM Edition Module The ports available on the OEM Edition module consist of the following UARTO USARTI I2C bus SPI bus ONE WIRE ADC ports GPIO 4 5 1 UARTO The UARTO port is a dual function port It is used in conjunction with the RSTN active LOW and SPI CK lines to program the CPU The CPU 1 in program mode if the RSTN line 1 low and data 1s clocked in using the UARTO RX and SPI CK lines The RSTN line has an internal 10K pull up to bring it out of reset when power is applied When the device 1s not being programmed the UARTO port serves as the main communication port to a system controller An external 10 pull up resistor 1 recommended on the UARTO RX and UARTO RX ports to hold the lines 1n a known state during power up and reset The rates supported are a function of the system clock chosen EXAMPLE For standard crystal and resonator frequencies the most commonly used baud rates for asynchronous operation can be generated by using the UBRR settings as shown in Table 4 4 UBRR values which yield an actual baud rate diff
7. Johnson Components and Hirose Electric Ltd The mating connectors come in straight and right angle They also support two different standard varieties of coaxial cable RG178 U and RG 316 0 There are also other vendors who sell MMCX to SMA conversion cables Doc 7430 0549 01 Rev A Page 25 Crossb w IRIS OEM Edition Hardware Reference Manual Table 7 2 Hirose MMCX connectors Type Coax Digi Key PN Hirose PN Straight Plug RG178 U H3224 ND MMCX J 178B U Right Angle RG178 U H3221 ND MMCX LP 178B U Right Angle RG316 U H3222 ND MMCX LP 316 U Table 7 3 Johnson Components MMCX mating connectors Digi Key PN Johnson PN Straight Plug RG178 U J589 ND 135 3402 001 Straight Plug RG316 U J590 ND 135 3403 001 Right Angle RG178 U J593 ND 135 3402 101 Right Angle RG316 U J594 ND 135 3403 101 Right Angle RG 316 DS J595 ND 135 3404 101 These connectors require the following hand crimp and die set Digi Key part Johnson part a Hand crimp J572 ND 140 0000 952 b Die JD604 ND 140 0000 953 There are literally hundreds of antenna options offered by different vendors and some references are provided below e Linx Technologies http www linxtechnologies com e Nearson http www nearson com These antennas are terminated a coax pigtail and must have an appropriate connector installed They also function best with a ground plane installed as shown in Figure 7 1
8. Single point return service Web based support service e Same day troubleshooting assistance e Worldwide Crossbow representation e Onsite and factory training available e Preventative maintenance and repair programs e Installation assistance available 12 2 Contact Directory United States Phone 1 408 965 3300 8 AM to 5 PM PST Fax 1 408 324 4840 24 hours Email techsupport xbow com Non U S refer to website www xbow com 12 3 Return Procedure 12 3 1 Authorization Before returning any equipment please contact Crossbow to obtain a Returned Material Authorization number Be ready to provide the following information when requesting a RMA e Name Address e Telephone Fax Email e Equipment Model Number Equipment Serial Number e Installation Date e Failure Date e Fault Description Doc 7430 0549 01 Rev A Page 33 Crossb w IRIS OEM Edition Hardware Reference Manual 12 3 2 Identification and Protection If the equipment 15 to be shipped to Crossbow for service or repair please attach a tag TO THE EQUIPMENT as well as the shipping container s 1dentifying the owner Also indicate the service or repair required the problems encountered and other information considered valuable to the service facility such as the list of information provided to request the RMA number Place the equipment in the original shipping container s making sure there 15 adequate packing around all sides of the equipm
9. Type Size 3 1 Block Diagram and Schematics for the OEM Edition Module HH HH HH HH HR HH HHHH Analog I O Digital 1 0 HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH Figure 3 2 Block Diagram for the OEM Edition Module 3 2 Electrical Specifications The electrical specifications for the OEM Edition module are provided in Table 3 2 Table 3 2 M2110 Electrical Specifications Parameter Operating Value Power supply 2 7 to 3 6 Volts See Table 3 4 GPIO levels 0 VCC GPIO current source sink 10 mA max UART levels 0 VCC UART data rate Up to 115kB I2C rate 100 kbps max I2C levels 0 VCC Interrupt levels 0 VCC 50 ohm 3 3 Environmental Specifications The environmental specifications for the OEM Edition module are provided in Table 3 3 Doc 7430 0549 01 Rev A Page 9 Crossb w IRIS OEM Edition Hardware Reference Manual Table 3 3 M2110 Environmental Specifications Parameter Operating Value Storage Temperature 40 deg C to 85 deg C Operating Temperature 40 deg C to 85 deg C Humidity 0 to 90 RH 3 4 Mechanical Dimensions 0 161 TO 0 200 INCH W 0 944 TO 0 964 INCH e 0 050 INCH NO CONTACTS 68 THICKNESS 0 062 INCH COPLANARITY 0 003 INCH MATERIAL 4 Figure 3 3 Mechanical Outline Drawing of OEM Edition Module Page 10 Doc 7430 0549 01 Rev A IRIS OEM Edition Hardware Reference Manual Crossb w 0 083 2 10 UUdaadadaadadadduudud
10. energy needs of the motes and their required operating span Also make sure that the temperature range and associated capacity degradation are looked at prior to deployment Table 5 1 below provides some useful guidance on current consumption of various system components Table 5 1 Current Requirements for the Motes under Various Operation M2110 Current mA ATMega1281 V full operation 6 7 37 MHz ATMega1281V sleep 0 010 Operating Mode Radio sleep 0 001 Serial flash memory write ME Serial flash memory read Serial flash memory sleep 0 002 16 Radio transmit 1 mW power 17 15 4 Page 22 Doc 7430 0549 01 Rev A IRIS OEM Edition Hardware Reference Manual Crossb w The Table 5 2 below provides some useful guidance on how to predict battery life Table 5 2 Estimate of battery life operation for OEM Edition Module SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS Currents Example Duty Processor Cycle Current full operation Current sleep Current in receive 16 mA 0 75 Current transmit 17 mA 0 25 Current sleep 1 uA 99 Logger Memory 0 0 100 Sensor Board Current full operation 5 mA 1 Current sleep 5 uA 99 Computed mA hr used each hour Radio Logger Memory Sensor Board Total current mA hr used Computed battery life vs battery size Battery Capacity ma hr Patery Life 250 1 20 1000 4 78 3000 14 35 4 NOTE most applications the processor and radio run for brief period of time
11. followed by sleep cycle During sleep current consumption is in the micro amps as opposed to milli amps This results in very low current draw the majority of the time and short duration spikes while processing receiving and transmitting data This method extends battery life however due to the current surges it reduces specified battery capacity Battery capacity is typically specified by the manufacturer for a constant nominal current drawn Doc 7430 0549 01 Rev A Page 23 Crossb w IRIS OEM Edition Hardware Reference Manual 6 Radios 6 1 M2110 The radio used by the M2110 1 an IEEE 802 15 4 compliant RF transceiver designed for low power and low voltage wireless applications It uses Atmel s ATS6RF230 radio that employs O QPSK Offset Quadrature Phase Shift Keying with half sine pulse shaping The 802 15 4 radio includes a DSSS digital direct sequence spread spectrum baseband modem providing a spreading gain of 9 dB and an effective data rate of 250 kbps The radio 1s a highly integrated solution for wireless communication in the 2 4 GHz unlicensed ISM band It complies with worldwide regulations covered by ETSI EN 300 328 and EN 300 440 class 2 Europe FCC CFR47 Part 15 US and ARIB STD T66 Japan 6 1 1 Radio RF Channel Selection The M2110 s Atmel radio can be tuned within the IEEE 802 15 4 channels that are numbered from 11 2 405 GHz to 26 2 480 GHz each separated by 5 MHz 6 1 2 Radio Transmission Power
12. fuses as shown in Table 4 3 If selected 1t will operate with no external components Page 16 Doc 7430 0549 01 Rev A IRIS OEM Edition Hardware Reference Manual Crossb w Table 4 3 Internal Calibrated RC Oscillator Operating Modes CKSEL 3 0 Nominal Freq Range MHz 0010 7 3 8 1 4 3 2 System Clock Prescaler The processor has a system clock prescaler and the system clock can be divided by setting the Clock Prescale Register CLKPR as shown in Table 4 4 This feature can be used to reduce the system frequency and the power consumption when the requirement for processing power 15 minimized Table 4 4 Clock Prescaler Select wn ee _ 4 3 3 128 kHz Internal Oscillator The 128 kHz internal Oscillator 1s a low power Oscillator providing a clock of 128 kHz The frequency 1s nominal at and 25 This clock maybe selected as the system clock by programming the CKSEL fuses to 11 as show in Table 4 6 Table 4 5 128 kHz Internal Oscilator Operating Modes CKSEL 3 0 Nominal Freq kHz 0011 128 More information is available in the datasheet for Atmel s ATmega1281 processor 4 4 Solder Profile 4 4 1 Hand soldering Instructions for Hand Soldering of Crossbow OEM Module are provided below Method 1 1 Pre tin the surface mount pads on the board the OEM module will be soldered to Be careful to use an equal amount of solder on each pad Doc 7430 0549 01 Rev A Page 17 Crossb w IRIS OEM Edi
13. the fuse bits for the processor Choosing the JTAG active option will cause approximately 50k ohms to be applied from the ADC pin to VCC This setting can affect the accuracy of ADC readings from weak sources Table 4 5 JTAG Pin Definitions PORT ADCA ADC5 TMS ADC6 TDO ADC7 TDI RSTN RSTN The JTAG programming capability supports e Flash programming and verifying e EEPROM programming and verifying e Fuse programming and verifying e Lock bit programming and verifying 4 5 7 GPIO The remainder of the I O pins is available as GPIO under processor configuration control All GPIO ports have true Read Modify Write functionality when used as general digital I O ports This means that the direction of one port pin can be changed without unintentionally changing the direction of any other pin with the SBI and CBI instructions The same applies when changing drive value if configured as output or enabling disabling of pull up resistors 1f configured as input They can be left floating 1f not used or can be set as inputs with a weak pull up outputs set high or outputs set low Doc 7430 0549 01 Rev A Page 21 Crossb w IRIS OEM Edition Hardware Reference Manual 5 Power 5 1 Battery Power M2110 is designed for battery power Any battery combination AA AAA C D etc cells can be used provided that the output 1s between 2 7 VDC to 3 6 VDC Care should be used in selecting the battery and its capacity to match the
14. IRIS OEM Edition Hardware Reference Manual Table 11 1 Pin outs for USB Connection Pin No Name Description VBUS Powered Supply Pin USBDM USB Data Signal Minus USBDP USB Data Signaal Plus 000000 Data 0 USBData Signaal Plus 000000 Plus Ground Supply Pin Ground SupplyPin Pin 11 6 Programming Interface Hel The programming interface provided by MIB520 debug pod 15 via 10 pin connector The pin out details for this connector are provided in Table 11 2 YCC UART RXDO E UART TXDO HDR2X5 Table 11 2 Pin outs for programming connector PinNo 904 ADOG GND RSTN UART RXDO 6 SPLSCK 7 v 8 UART TXDO ADC5 ADC7 When OEM customers layout their boards it is a good idea to provide this 10 pin mating interface to facilitate the programming of OEM edition modules The part numbers for the mating header receptacle are shown in Table 11 3 These can be purchased from Digi Key Table 11 3 10 pin mating header receptacle Type Digi Key PN AMP PN The MIB520 debug pod is also provided with 10 pin to 51 pin adapter to facilitate the connectivity to Crossbow s MICA family processor radio and sensor boards Page 32 Doc 7430 0549 01 Rev A IRIS OEM Edition Hardware Reference Manual Crossb w 12 Appendix A Warranty and Support Information 12 1 Customer Service As Crossbow Technology customer you have access to product support services which include e
15. M2110 Hardware Reference Manual Revision A July 2007 7430 0549 01 www xbow com 2005 2007 Crossbow Technology Inc rights reserved Information in this document 1 subject to change without notice Crossbow MoteWorks IRIS MICA TrueMesh and XMesh are the trademarks of Crossbow Technology Inc Other product and trade names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders IRIS OEM Edition Hardware Reference Manual dumisiln sbeinisiee T EL JntrodUCUOIL niic tos capio ioa qaaa Rega arae a a NET NAE Re Des 2 Quick Start for the Kit Users eee eee eee eee eee ee eee eo e eese Zub ONE iieri 5 3 Product Me E 3 1 Block Diagram and Schematics for the OEM Edition Module 9 22 NEE 9 3 9 Environmental Specifications AP 9 Mechanical Dime HS IOHS A 10 D TOP 10 2 9 12 IRIS OEM Reference 41 Bok 14 AD 14 2 35 Circuit Desioen Considerations NSA 15 SE Pl 17 4 5 Peripheral Interfaces on OEM Edition 1 00
16. The ground plane can be a layer of aluminum or copper tape attached to the lid of a plastic enclosure or the lid of a metal enclosure NUT MAKES CONTACT WITH GROUND PLANE METALLIC GROUND PLANE Na 1 2 WAVELENGTH RECOMMENDED Figure 7 1 Illustration of an antenna option for the motes using a Linx antenna and ground plane Page 26 Doc 7430 0549 01 Rev A IRIS OEM Edition Hardware Reference Manual Crossb w The OEM Edition module 1 well suited for embedded antenna designs Proper must be taken in the design phase to account for packaging effects due to the enclosure metallic parts adjacent to the antenna and placement on the PCB In addition the final application and expected performance should be evaluated for suitable antenna choice For an example of embedded antenna design Refer to the application note on Antenna Design Considerations Doc 7430 0549 01 Rev A Page 27 Crossb w IRIS OEM Edition Hardware Reference Manual 8 Flash Data Logger and Serial I D Chip OEM Edition Modules feature a 512 serial flash for storing data measurements and other user defined information It is connected to one of the USART on the ATmegal281 V This chip is supported MoteWorks which uses this chip as micro file system The serial flash device supports over 100 000 measurement readings This chip is also used for XOtap Over the Air Programming services available in MoteWorks 4 NOTE This device consum
17. bed next 1 Start MoteView by double clicking the icon on the desktop 2 Open the Connection Wizard window from the menu File Connect Connect to WSN 3 Select the Mode tab check on Acquire Live Data as operation mode and Local as acquisition type and click on Next gt gt 4 n the Gateway tab select 520 as the interface board and change the Serial Port port to the higher of the two com numbers assigned to the MIB520 during the driver installation For example if the COM ports on the MIB520 are COM8 COMO then select in COMO from the Serial Port drop down box Select the 57600 for the Baud rate from drop down box and click on Next gt gt Page 6 Doc 7430 0549 01 Rev A IRIS OEM Edition Hardware Reference Manual Crossb w 5 In the Sensor Board tab for the Application Name select XMDA300 from the pull down menu 6 Click on the DONE button Soon after that it should display incoming data Click on the MoteView window to view data time plots of sensor values and topology of the Mote network 2 1 5 User Interfaces You should see nodes one two and three appear in the node list on the left hand side of the MoteView window MoteView has four main user interface sections which you can browse and usc Toolbar Menus Allows the user to specify actions and initiate command dialogs Node List Shows all known nodes in a deployment and health status summary e Visualization Tabs E
18. dditional information 4 NOTE Note provides additional information about the topic EXAMPLE Examples are given throughout the manual to help the reader understand the terminology gt IMPORTANT This symbol defines items that have significant meaning to the user A WARNING The user should pay particular attention to this symbol It means there 15 a chance that physical harm could happen to either the person or the equipment The following paragraph heading formatting 1s used in this manual 1 Heading 1 1 1 Heading 2 1 1 1 Heading 3 This document also uses different body text fonts listed Table 0 1 to help you distinguish between names of files commands to be typed and output coming from the computer Table 0 1 Font types used in this document Font Type Usage Sample code and screen output Commands to be typed by the user Times New Roman Italic TinyOS files names directory names Franklin Medium Condensed Text labels in GUIs Doc 7430 0549 01 Rev A Page 3 Crossb w IRIS OEM Edition Hardware Reference Manual 1 Introduction This User s Manual describes the hardware features of the OEM Edition M2110 modules Table 1 1 below lists the models covered this Manual Table 1 1 OEM Edition Models covered in the Reference Manual Model Number M2110 2 4GHz IRIS OEM module This Manual 1s not a software guide to programming the Motes using MoteWorks nor 1s it a guide to pre built softwa
19. ed on Crossbow s extensive Mote development and deployment e Flexible onboard hardware interface for both standard and custom sensing devices e Comprehensive software support including sensor board drivers and algorithms via Crossbow s industry leading MoteWorks software platform The M2110 OEM Edition module is the functional equivalent of Crossbow s newest generation IRIS family Mote in a postage stamp form factor This inherent design continuity makes the OEM Edition module an ideal solution for next generation mesh networking products and designs By utilizing open platform standards based interfaces the OEM Edition module offers users an attractive value proposition consisting of easily differentiated low power radio processor modules that can be rapidly designed and built 1 1 LLLLLLLLLLLLLIE Figure 3 1 Photo of the OEM Edition Module The Table 3 1 below summarizes the main features of OEM Edition modules Table 3 1 OEM Edition Module Product Summary Mote Hardware Platform Hardware puse MoteHarwarePlatorm O maw same Sensor Board Interface 10 Bit 0 V to 3 V input UART _ 2 Other interfaces DIO 2 Page 8 Doc 7430 0549 01 Rev A IRIS OEM Edition Hardware Reference Manual Crossb w RF Transceiver Radio ATB6RF230 Radio Frequency MHz 2400 TMax Data Rate kbits sec T 250 AT45DBO41D Flash Data Logger Memory Connection
20. ent If the original shipping containers were discarded use heavy boxes with adequate padding and protection 12 3 3 Sealing the Container seal the shipping container s with heavy tape or metal bands strong enough to handle the weight of the equipment and the container 12 3 4 Marking Please write the words FRAGILE DELICATE INSTRUMENT 1n several places on the outside of the shipping container s In all correspondence please refer to the equipment by the model number the serial number and the RMA number 12 3 5 Return Shipping Address Use the following address for all returned products Crossbow Technology Inc 4145 First Street san Jose CA 95134 Attn RMA Number XXXXXX 12 4 Warranty The Crossbow product warranty 15 one year from date of shipment Page 34 Doc 7430 0549 01 Rev A Crossb w Crossbow Technology Inc 4145 First Street San Jose CA 95134 Phone 408 965 3300 Fax 408 324 4840 Email info xbow com
21. er is the device you are using to interface to the Mote from a computer The current options are dapa for an MIB500 mib510 for a MIB510 and EPRB for a MIB600 Users can also edit the file called profile in the cygwin etc directory and enter an alias One example is this alias to disable the JT AG fuse alias fuse dis uisp dprog lt programmer gt wr fuse h 0xd9 Therefore when use dis andis entered into a Cygwin command line the script will be executed Doc 7430 0549 01 Rev A Page 29 Crossb w IRIS OEM Edition Hardware Reference Manual 10 Sensor Boards amp Expansion Connectors Crossbow supplies a variety of sensor and data acquisition boards for the Motes This Chapter describes the connectors and the functions of the pins for the MICA family sensor boards 10 1 Sensor Board Compatibility via Expansion Connector Connection to the MICA family sensor boards 15 made by a 51 pin connector see Figure 10 1 below 26 51 1 27 1 27 26 51 Figure 10 1 51 connector used on the MICA family sensor boards Left Female Right Male The expansion connector provides a user interface for sensor boards and base stations The connector includes interfaces for power and ground power control of peripheral sensors ADC inputs for reading sensor outputs UART interfaces and I2C interface general purpose digital IO and others The part numbers of the expansion connectors are shown in Table 10 1 These ca
22. ering less than 0 5 from the target baud rate are bold in the table Higher error ratings are acceptable but the receiver will have less noise resistance when the error ratings are high especially for large serial frames The error values are calculated using the following equation Error ad 100 BaudRate Table 4 4 Oscillator frequency 7 32826 MHz Doc 7430 0549 01 Rev A Page 19 Crossb w IRIS OEM Edition Hardware Reference Manual Baud Rate bps 14 4 0 0 0 0 28 8k 15 0 096 31 0 096 4 5 2 UARTI USART I is a shared interface used for communication with the on board serial flash as well as external serial peripherals Proper management of the chip select lines FLASH CS is required to avoid port contention The serial flash also has a reset line FLASH RSTN that can be asserted externally to place the serial flash in a known state The flash reset line has an internal 10K pull up resistor to enable the device after power on Additional pull up resistors may be required on the USART1 TX USARTI RX and USART CK lines to avoid unintentional communication with external peripherals during reset or power on 4 5 3 12 The I2C bus is a two wire interface that is meant to control I2C peripherals I2C peripherals usually require an external 5K pull up to supply power to the port and use an addressing scheme that 1s internal to the I2C peripheral Many of the I2C peripherals have an internal hard wired
23. es 15 mA of current when writing data The OEM Edition modules also have a 64 bit serial ID chip Page 28 Doc 7430 0549 01 Rev A IRIS OEM Edition Hardware Reference Manual Crossb w 9 Atmegal281 Fuses The ATMegal281V processor on OEM edition modules has many programmable fuses to control various parameters Refer to Atmel s technical information for the ATMegal281V for a complete discussion of the fuses There are two fuses that MoteWorks users should be aware of as setting these fuses incorrectly will cause the unit to not operate correctly 9 1 JTAG fuse This fuse enables users to use the Atmel JTAG pod for in circuit code debugging Units are shipped with JTAG enabled As discussed in the previous section on battery voltage monitoring if JT AG is enabled it will cause inaccurate measurements ADC channel 7 9 2 Using UISP to set fuses The UISP utility used to download code to the OEM edition modules via a programming board can also be used to set and unset fuses of the Atmel 1281 Table 9 1 UISP Commands for Setting the ATMega1281 s Fuses Action Command 02 Disable JTAG fuse uisp dprog lt programmer gt wr fuse h 0xd9 Enable JTAG fuse uisp dprog lt programmer gt wr fuse h 0x19 Enable native 128 mode uisp dprog lt programmer gt wr fuse e 0xff Use internal clock uisp dprog programmer wr fuse 1 0xc2 Use external clock uisp dprog programmer wr fuse l 0xff programm
24. ileges to write to Windows registry 4 NOTE Prior to installing MoteView it is highly recommended that you shut down all the programs running on your computer Follow these installation steps 1 Insert the WSN the computer s CD drive 2 Double click on MoteViewSetup lt version gt exe from MoteView folder 3 Select the desired installation directory the default installation directory is C Program Files Crossbow Mote View 4 Select all available installation tasks 5 InstallShield will guide you through the rest of the process and install the following e MoteView application e PostgreSQL 8 0 database service e PostgreSQL ODBC driver e Microsoft NET framework Doc 7430 0549 01 Rev A Page 5 Crossb w IRIS OEM Edition Hardware Reference Manual 2 1 2 Installing the USB drivers for the MIB520 Programming Pod When you plug an MIB520 into your PC for the first time Windows detects and reports it as new hardware Do the following steps 1 Connect one end of the USB extension cable to an available USB port on your PC Connect the other to the MIB520 s USB connector In a few moments your PC will identify the 520 as a new hardware 2 When the PC directs you to search for a suitable driver select Install from a list or specific location Advanced 3 Browse to 520 Drivers folder of the MoteWorks Support Tools 4 Follow the FTDI InstallShield Wizard through the res
25. input impedance 15 not 50 ahm CRYSTAL Figure 4 2 An example layout for OEM Edition Module 4 3 Circuit Design Considerations An external crystal is not required The unit can be configured to run on the internal RC oscillator leaving the crystal connections open If an external crystal 1s to be used place the crystal as close to the input pins as possible to reduce parasitics When selecting capacitors for the crystal take into account the stray capacitance from the board to the module and adjust accordingly If an external clock is used XTL1 PIN 6 should be used XTL2 PIN 5 should be left open For proper operation correct selection of clock fuse options 15 required and XTAL2 are input and output respectively of an inverting amplifier which can be configured for use as an On chip Oscillator as shown in Figure 4 3 Either a quartz crystal or a ceramic resonator may be used Normally 7 3728 MHz crystal is used for units requiring serial communication The CKOPT fuse selects between two different Oscillator Amplifier modes Doc 7430 0549 01 Rev A Page 15 Crossb w IRIS OEM Edition Hardware Reference Manual When CKOPT 1 programmed the Oscillator output will oscillate will a full rail to rail swing on the output This mode 15 suitable when operating in a very noisy environment or when the output from XTAL2 drives a second clock buffer This mode has a wide frequency range When 1 unprogrammed
26. n be purchased from Digi Key Table 10 1 51 pin expansion connectors Digi Key PN Hirose PN H2175 ND DF 51P 1V 54 1V 54 H2163 ND DF9 51S 1V Page 30 Doc 7430 0549 01 Rev IRIS OEM Edition Hardware Reference Manual Crossb w 11 USB Programming Pod The 520 based programming pod provides USB connectivity to the OEM Edition modules for communication and in system programming It supplies power to the devices through USB bus of the PC Figure 11 1 Picture of Programming Pod 11 1 ISP The MIB520 programming pod has an on board in system processor ISP to program the Motes Code is downloaded to the ISP through the USB port Next the ISP programs the code into the Mote 11 2 Mote Programming Using the MIB520 Programming the Motes requires having MoteWorks environment installed in your host PC The OEM Edition modules connect to the MIB520 via the 10 pin adapter that connects to USB port of the host PC 11 3 MIB520 USB Drivers 520 uses FTDI FT2232C to use USB port as virtual COM port Hence you need to install FT2232C VCP drivers These drivers are available the MoteWorks CD and instructions are provided in Section 2 1 2 11 4 Power The 520 is powered by the USB bus of the host 11 5 USB Interface The 520 offers two separate ports one dedicated to in system programming and second for data communication over USB Doc 7430 0549 01 Rev A Page 31 Crossb w
27. nables the user to view the sensor data in various ways e Server Messages Displays a log of server events and incoming messages Node List Room 667 Server Messages Id 4 voltage ii Lal Toolbar Menus Histogram Scatterplot Topology light accel x accel y rn FH OF ma Current Time Database localhost sample mts310 mag x 22 42 mga 105 2 mga 30 66 mga 30 12 mga 105 47 mg 105 47 mg 104 66 mg 105 61 mg 106 55 mg Figure 2 1 Screenshot of the MoteView GUI Visualization Tabs mag y 25 33 mga 104 8 mga 30 39 mga 30 12 mga 105 34 mg 105 51 mg 104 8 105 61 105 28 mg MIB510 COM1 57600 11 18 2005 6 12 25 AM 11 18 2005 6 12 02 AM 11 18 2005 6 10 46 AM 11 18 2005 6 10 19 AM 11 18 2005 6 10 33 AM 11 18 2005 6 10 08 AM 11 18 2005 6 09 51 AM 11 18 2005 6 11 06 AM 11 18 2005 6 12 32 AM More information about MoteView and its features can be found in the MoteView User s manual Doc 7430 0549 01 Rev A Page 7 Crossb w IRIS OEM Edition Hardware Reference Manual 3 Product Overview Crossbow s M2110 OEM Edition module provides users with high level functional integration designed to optimize the addition of wireless mesh networking technology to a wide variety of both new and existing custom sensing applications Powerful new design features include e Optimized processor radio module integration bas
28. od transition between the 50 ohm RF port and the mating board Connecting the grounds on both sides of the RF pad is strongly recommended Using a trace that has almost the same width as the RF pin will also help to minimize impedance mismatch as the RF connection transitions from the module to the board Provide a ground flood on the surface of the board from the RF ground terminals to the antenna connector where possible using regularly spaced vias to the ground plane in the area of the copper flood Provide a clearance region between the flood and the 50 ohm trace that is at least equal to the width of the trace A good value for the trace width is 37 mils with a dielectric thickness of 20 mils between the trace and the ground plane for FR4 material Page 14 Doc 7430 0549 01 Rev A IRIS OEM Edition Hardware Reference Manual Crossb w The RF output port is 50 ohm and can be connected directly to a 50 ohm microstrip or 50 ohm coaxial cable A PI Matching network 15 recommended for antenna matching especially when using inner antennas If the antenna s input impedance 1 not 50 ohm please contact antenna vendor and ask for matching network value An example of a typical layout 1s shown in Figure 4 2 RF TRACE TO CONNECTOR EDGE LAUNCH OEM Module LL TI When antenna s CRYSTAL Input impedance is 50 ohm RF TRACE TO CONHECTOR ELTE EDGE LAUNCH OEM Module matching Network Needed when antenna s
29. portion of their address along with some external address decode lines in the event multiple devices of the same kind are attached to the bus See the individual vendor datasheets for details 4 5 4 SPI The SPI bus is a bidirectional synchronous bus common to many devices available As it is applied in the OEM Edition module the SPI bus 15 dedicated to the radio data interface and cannot be used for other peripherals The SPI CK line is made available to facilitate reprogramming the processor and should be left in a high impedance state when not in programming mode 4 5 5 One Wire The One Wire bus 1s a single wire bidirectional bus used to communicate with the Dallas Maxim series of One Wire peripherals These devices require a 5k resistor to VCC to bias the pin and accurate timing of signals on the bus for proper communication WARNING The choice of system clock is critical to making this interface work 4 5 6 ADC Ports The OEM Edition module features 10 bit successive approximation ADC The ADC 15 connected to an 8 channel Analog Multiplexer which allows 8 single ended voltage inputs The Page 20 Doc 7430 0549 01 Rev A IRIS OEM Edition Hardware Reference Manual Crossb w single ended voltage inputs are reference to GND The ADC ports are high impedance inputs to the ADC used for voltage sampling The uppermost bits ADC 4 7 also support the JT AG interface The JTAG port can be enabled by choosing that option in
30. re packages that run on top of the Motes The following resources are available regarding software MoteWorks Getting Started Guide by Crossbow Technology Inc Q XMesh User s Manual by Crossbow Technology Inc MoteView User s Manual by Crossbow Technology Inc MoteConfig User s Manual by Crossbow Technology Inc Page 4 Doc 7430 0549 01 Rev A IRIS OEM Edition Hardware Reference Manual Crossb w 2 Quick Start for the OEM Kit Users gt IMPORTANT This section is intended for the Standard OEM Edition module kit users only If you did not purchase the complete pre programmed kit but only stand alone boards then skip to Chapter 3 2 1 Out of the Box Demo This section will step you through the process of setting up a simple Mote sensor network demonstration The four main steps are to 1 Install MoteView on your Windows PC 2 Install the USB drivers for the MIB520 programming pod 3 Setup OEM reference Motes with the MDA300 sensor boards 4 start MoteView and log sensor data from the wireless network 2 1 1 Installing MoteView on a Windows Before you can use MoteView you have to install it on a PC The requirements necessary to properly install MoteView are below l A PC with one of the following operating systems e Windows Home Professional e Windows 2000 with SP4 2 An NTFS file system 3 Screen resolution must be at least 800 x 600 or the interface will require scrollbars 4 Administrative priv
31. t of the installation process Up to four different installations will take place When the drivers are installed you will see two serial ports associated with the 520 Before programming or listening to Motes using the 520 you need to see which ports were assigned to the MIB520 To find out do the following 5 Click on Start gt Control Panel gt System gt Hardware gt Device Manager gt Ports COM amp LPT 6 Make a note of the assigned COM port numbers 4 NOTE The two virtual serial ports for 520 are com lt x gt lt 1 gt com lt x gt is for Mote programming and com lt x 1 gt is for Mote communication 2 1 3 Setting up the OEM Reference Motes with the XMDA300 Board 1 The OEM reference Motes are numbered from 0 to 3 Identify the Motes labeled one 1 through three 3 Attach the MDA300 boards to each of these to Motes via the mating 51 pin connectors Turn the Motes on by putting the switch at SW2 to ON Remember to install two of the AA alkaline batteries included in your kit 2 Identify the OEM reference Mote labeled as number zero 0 and attach it to the MIB520 programming pod via the mating 51 pin adapter 2 1 4 Setting up MoteView All the visualization tools in Mote View require being connected to a database The database is in your PC localhost but can also be a remote PC server Instructions for logging and viewing data locally are descri
32. tion Hardware Reference Manual 2 Apply a small amount of flux to the tinned pads 3 Place the OEM module on the pads making sure to have the pin one reference markings aligned Inspect the placement to make sure the OEM module edge contacts are centered on the pads on all four sides 4 While applying mild pressure to the top of the OEM module to hold it in position apply heat from a fine soldering tip to the area of the pre tinned pad that 1s exposed at the edge of the OEM module Reflow only one corner pad first and verify the OEM module 15 still positioned correctly on the remaining pads 5 Using a fine solder tip reflow each of the pre tinned pads until the solder flows and makes contact with the pad on the underside of the OEM module Method 2 1 Pre tin the surface mount pads on the board the OEM module will be soldered to Be careful to use an equal amount of solder on each pad 2 Apply a small amount of flux to the tinned pads 3 Place the OEM module on the pads making sure to have the pin one reference markings aligned Inspect the placement to make sure the OEM module edge contacts are centered on the pads on all four sides 4 While applying mild pressure to the top of the OEM module to hold it in position apply heat from a thermal heat gun to the edges of the OEM module until the exposed solder on the pre tinned pads melts 4 4 2 Machine Soldering The recommended solder profile for OEM module is shown in Figure
33. understand antenna basics and aid in selecting the right compact antenna solution for the application Care should be taken to provide an antenna that provides proper coverage for the environment expected Range and performance are strongly affected by choice of antenna and antenna placement within the environment In addition care must be taken to ensure compliance with FCC article 15 regulations for intentional radiators Because of its small physical size the usual antenna chosen 15 a length of insulated wire one quarter wavelength long for the frequency of interest This type of antenna 1 often called a monopole antenna and its gain 1s ground plane dependent There are literally hundreds of antenna designs but to simplify the default antenna for the OEM reference board an insulated wire attached to a right handed MMCX RF connector 15 used The length of the wire 1s one quarter wavelength of an RF signal 2 4 GHz This type of antenna 15 often called a quarter wave whip monopole Antenna lengths for the different radio frequencies are provided in Table 7 1 Table 7 1 Antenna lengths for quarter wavelength whip antennas Whip Antenna Length inches M2110 2 4 GHz Third party or custom made antennas can also be used by attaching them to the MMCX connector For making your own antenna the part numbers of the MMCX mating connectors are shown in Table 7 2 and Table 7 3 These can be purchased from Digi Key There are two manufacturers
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