UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA
Contents
1. AM Ia EL 53 Appendix Energy Harvester and Voltage Regulator Schematic 40001 401001 2 d 0 1 Cv LO e m 1 anro HNOOL 81001 2 40001 Sc zL arip 0 GND 04050 zL HNOOL 62 LL 5 Z 5 V25W LTC3588 C9 GND 1uF SUPERC 10F 2 5V SUPERC GND Appendix Microcontroller Source Code include lt htc h gt _ CONFIG Ox3f0A Crytal Declaration define XTAL FREQ 10e6 Port Declaration define start RA2 define reset RA5 Zdefine Tx define X RAS Zdefine DDO Set RAI define DD1 Set RAO define A RB4 define B RB5 define C define D Variable Declaration unsigned short DDO DD1 unsigned short pulserate pulsecount unsigned int 1 1 y Prototype Declaration void send char data 55 char uart_receive void Delay_debounce Function void delay_debounce delay ms 300 j Delay Function void delay refresh delay ms 5 j Delay2 Function void delay2 int d for int 1 0 1 lt d 1 5 BPM Measurement Function void countpulse 1 delay_debounce delay_debounce TMRO 0 delay ms 15000 Delay 15 Sec Tx 6 pulsecount2. TMRO pulserate pulsecount 4 j 56 57 Binary number 0 9 7 Segment Display Function char mask unsigned char num switch num case 0 return 00001111 1 return 00011111 case 2 return 0 00101111 3 return OBOOI11111 case 4 return 0 01001111 5 return 0 01011111 6 58 return 0B01101111 j case 7 return 0B01111111 j case 8 return 10001111 j case 9 return 10011111 j case end j Character number 0 9 for Bluetooth Send Function char charc unsigned char num switch num case 0B00001111 return 0 case 0B00011111 return 1 j case 00101111 case 00111111 case 01001111 1011111 01101111 1111111 10001111 10011111 return 2 j return 3 j return 4 j return 5 j return 6 j return 7 j return 8 j return 9 59 j 60 BPM display 7 Segment Display Function void display DDO pulserate 10 DDO pulserate 10 10 DD1 mask DD1 7 Segment Display Switching Loop for i 0 i lt 180 j i UART sending subroutine DDO_
3. GUI Programming Debugging software and improve Report Thesis Writing Design Poster Thesis compilation Preparation for demo presentation Table 1 2 Gantt Chart for Final Year Project 2 2 LITREATURE REVIEW 2 1 Chapter Overview This chapter will discuss about the related project done by previous UTM students and online sources These related works have been reviewed carefully in order to improve the quality and reliability of this project Besides that there are some useful ideas that can be implemented this project from other similar projects 222 Related Projects 2 2 1 EZ430 Chronos Watch as a Wireless Health Monitoring Device by Ili Najaa Binti Mohd Nordin UTM 2011 6 This project built a wireless health monitoring system develop in Laboratory Virtual Instrumentation Engineering Workbench LabVIEW which is able to transmit and receive electrical signals from a patient s to an EZ430 Chronos sport watch The recommendation of the project is use PIC microcontroller instead of using computer as a transmitter station It is very convenient from using a computer which 18 consumes a lot of power if compared with the PIC microcontroller The hardware can packed into a small device to control the inputs and outputs Hence the device has high portability to carry around Data Acquisition Card Patient NI USB 6009 D ECG amplifier simulator WIRELESS TRANSMI
4. 15 using piezoelectric which is the energy generated by vibration and human motion For software design it concentrates on the data transmitting and processing The microcontroller will be programmed to sense send data to the user s smartphone for data collection The android graphical user interface GUI is developed to store and display the data obtained 1 2 Objectives Based on the problem statement above there are several objectives need to be achieved at the end of the project e To design self sustained wireless sensor device e To develop a wireless sensor device which able to measure heartbeat collect the data and display it in statistical order on the end user GUI Android application in smartphone 1 3 Problem Statement People nowadays have no health awareness Besides that the patients cannot update their health condition continuously to the doctor This caused the increase of health problems The wireless sensor devices available in the market usually need an external power supply to power it The small volumetric devices are limited in amount of energy that can be stored Hence the batteries in finite energy supply must be optimally used to perform the sensing and communication tasks The batteries must be replaced regularly which is a costly Besides the hardware designed must have low power consumption The energy harvested 18 can be stored in the power storage which 15 super capacitor and sufficient to supply t
5. chartnew id 4 Qs Tong Kok Sin Saved 45 rows h Configure continuous variable chart a This visualization is in Labs Learn more average BPM 100 90 80 70 60 Figure 4 10 BPM Graph Google Fusion Table Result 49 2 e gt https www google com fusiontables DataSource docid 1fDVPPYQAeXBcDEdkt6ivVtnTNtkxThJDiMSGCkk chartnew id 5 Tong Kok Sin BPM Data 3 Add Attribution Edited on May 11 2013 File Edit Tools Help Cards 1 9 Map ofLocation Chati S Chart2 Rows 1 No filters applied Sorted by Date 45 rows 90 84 78 72 66 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 Figure 4 11 BPM Yearly Graph in Google Fusion Table Result The BPM data can be visualized with line plot graph as shown in Figure 4 10 and Figure 4 11 provided by Google Web service 5 CONCLUSION 5 1 Conclusion Overall this project is partially successful due to the failure to design a self sustained wireless sensor device But two of the objectives were fulfilled which the wireless sensor and the Android application 18 successfully developed Firstly the wireless sensor device 1s able to measure heartbeat and display on the device Secondly the Android application 18 able to display and store the BPM data The BPM data 15 well organized and visualized by using Google Fusion Table The energy harvester power s
6. ke dalam super kapasitor untuk menghidupkan peranti TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE DECLARATION DEDICATION ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ABSTRACT ABSTRAK TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS LIST OF APPENDICES INTRODUCTION 1 1 Background 1 2 Objective 1 3 Problem Statement 1 4 Scope 1 5 Summary of Work LITERATURE REVIEW 2 1 Chapter Overview 22 Related Projects 2 2 1 7430 8 Watch as a Wireless vil PAGE vii xi xiv XV QN A A Q Health Monitoring Device by Ili Najaa Binti Mohd Nordin UTM 2011 222 Development of Electrocardiogram ECG Wireless Sensors Board for Medical Healthcare Application by Nor Syahidatul Nadiah binti Ismail UTM 2009 2 2 3 Smartphone Centric Platform for Personal Health Monitoring using Wireless Wearable Biosensors METHODOLOGY 3 1 Introduction 3 2 Hardware 3 2 1 Processing Unit 3 2 2 Piezoelectric Harvesting Power Supply LTC3588 Breakout 3 2 3 Volture Piezoelectric Energy Harvester 3 24 Electric Double Layer Super Capacitor 3 2 5 Cytron Bluebee Module 3 2 6 12W 3 3 5V Input Wide Output Adjustable Boost Converter 3 2 7 Logic Converter 4 Channels 4 3 2 8 Quad Operational Amplifier LM324 3 2 0 Sensor with Socket 3 2 10 BCD to 7 Segment Decoder 741 548 3 2 11 Voltage Regulator LM7805 amp LMIIITT 3 2 12 3 7 1100mAh Li Ion Battery 3 3 Circuitry Design 3 3 1 IR Sensor and
7. the program will start to operate 29 countpulse IR_Tx 1 delay_debounce delay_debounce TMRO 0 __delay_ms 15000 1 0 pulsecount TMRO pulserate pulsecount 4 End Figure 3 17 Flowchart of Countpulse Function Measurement Function void countpulse 1 delay debounce delay debounce TMR 0 0 delay ms 15000 Delay 15 Sec IR Tx 0 pulsecount pulserate pulsecount 4 Figure 3 17 shows the flowchart of Countpulse function This function is used to measure the BPM When start button 18 pressed the microcontroller activates the IR transmission in the sensor unit for 15 seconds During this interval the number of pulses collecting at the TOCKI input is counted The actual heart rate would be 4 times the count value and the resolution of measurement would be 4 IR transmission 15 controlled through pin of PIC16F628 30 display DDO pulserate 10 DDO mask DDO 001 pulserate 10 10 DD1 mask DD1 0 False DDO Set 1 DD1 Set 0 PORTB DDO I delay refresh DDO Set 0 DD1 Set 1 PORTB DD1 delay_refresh uart_send charc DDO I uart_send charc DD1 I DDO 0 DD1 Set 0 Figure 3 18 Flowchart of Display Function 31 display in 7 Segment Display Function void display DDO pulserate o10 DDO 000 DD 1 pulserate 10 10 DD1 mask DD
8. 1 Segment Display Switching Loop for 1 0 1 lt 180 1 DDO 1 DDI 5 0 DDO delay refresh DDO Set 0 DDI Set 1 001 delay refresh send charc DD0 uart send charc DD1 DDO Set 0 DDI set 0 Figure 3 18 shows the flowchart of Display function This function 18 used to display the BPM the 7 segment display The pulserate 185 display using mask function to get the first digit and the second digit and store in DDO and DD1 Next DDO and digits will display in two 7 segment display by on off the transistors in the for loop After that the BPM will sent byte by byte to Android based smartphone via Bluetooth 32 Figure 3 19 Flowchart of Function Switch num Return 0B00001111 Return 0B00011111 Yes Return 0B10011111 Figure 3 20 Flowchart of Charc Function 33 Figure 3 19 3 20 shows the function of Mask and Charc functions Both functions are used to switch cases from 0 9 and 0B00001111 0B10011111 for 7 display segment and Bluebee 3 4 2 MIT App Inventor MIT App Inventor is an application provided by Google and now maintained by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology MIT It allows user to drag and drop the visual objects to create an application that can run on the Android based smartphone lt gt Google App Inventor Servers App Inventor Designer
9. App Inventor Blocks Editor 3 Figure 3 21 Process Flow of Android App Development 34 MIT App Inventor allow user to develop applications for Android based smartphone using web browser The application built can be tested using Android Emulator and Android based smartphone From the figure above Google App Inventor Server provide a platform which is App Inventor Designer where user can select the components for the application Next App Inventor Blocks Editor 1s where user can assemble the program blocks by drag and drop The application can be modified and tested in the Android Emulator and Android based smartphone at the same time There are three main parts for the Android application which is Bluetooth communication BPM display and store in Google Fusion Table and lastly is display BPM in graph 3 4 2 1 Android Application Bluetooth Connection Button Heartbeat Monitoring Bluetooth Connection Connect Disconnect Search Bluetooth Button Device Button Search Bluetooth Disconnect 00 12 12 12 08 32BlueBee Display Bluetooth Mac Address Textbox Store BPM Button View Card Button BPM Display Area View Week Y ear Graph Button View Card View Graph Figure 3 22 Android Application 35 Bluetooth Connection Button Click to visible or hide Search Bluetooth and Connect Disconnect button Connect Disconnect Button Click to connect or discon
10. Conditioning Circuit 3 4 Software Implementation viii 10 11 12 13 13 14 16 16 17 20 21 22 23 23 24 25 26 21 3 4 1 MPLAB 3 4 1 1 MPLAB Program 3 4 2 App Inventor 3 4 2 1 Android Application 3 4 2 2 A Android Block Editor Program 3 43 Solid Works 4 Result and Discussion 4 1 Hardware Result 4 1 1 Electronic Circuitry 4 2 Software Result 4 2 1 Android Application Result 422 Fusion Table Result 5 CONCLUSION 5 1 Conclusion 52 Future Work 5 2 1 Recommendation REFERENCES APPENDICES A D 27 28 33 34 35 40 42 42 46 46 48 50 21 51 32 53 TABLE 1 1 12 2 2 3 3 LIST OF TABLES TITLE Gantt Chart for Final Year Project 1 Gantt Chart for Final Year Project 2 Pin Function for Bluebee Component and Its Function in Android User Interface PAGE 18 35 FIGURE NO 1 1 1 2 Zel 22 3 1 3 2 3 9 3 4 3 5 3 6 3 7 3 8 LIST OF FIGURES TITLE Example of Wireless Sensor Devices in Healthcare Scope of Project EZ430 Chronos Watch as a Wireless Health Monitoring Device Development of ECG Wireless Sensors Board for Medical Healthcare Application Design Process PICI6F628 Pin Diagram Piezoelectric Harvesting Power Supply LTC3588 Breakout Volture Piezoelectric Energy Harvester film 10 2 5 Super Capacitor BlueBee Module 12W 3 3 5V Input Wide Output Adjustable Boost Converter 04050 L
11. PS7 19 14 Pind 1 07 UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA DECLARATION OF THESIS UNDERGRADUATE PROJECT PAPER AND COPYRIGHT Author s full name SIN TONG KOK Date of birth 28 JANUARY 1989 Title _ SUSTAINABLE WIRELESS SENSOR DEVICE FOR HEARTBEAT MONITORING WITH ENERGY HARVESTER Academic Session 2012 2013 declare that this thesis is classified as CONFIDENTIAL Contains confidential information under the Official Secret Act 1972 RESTRICTED Contains restricted information as specified by the organization where research was OPEN ACCESS agree that my thesis to be published as online open access full text acknowledged that Universiti Teknologi Malaysia reserves the right as follows 1 thesis is The property of Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 2 Library of Universiti Teknologi Malaysia has the right to make copies for the purpose of research only 3 Library has the right to make copies of the thesis for academic exchange Certified by SIGNATURE SIGNATURE OF SUPERVISOR 890128 08 5267 ASSOC PROF DR ROSBI BIN MAMAT NEW IC NO PASSPORT NO NAME OF SUPERVISOR Date 24 6 2013 Date 24 6 2013 NOTES If the thesis is CONFIDENTAL RESTRICTED please attach with the letter from the organization with period and reasons for confidentiality or restriction I hereby declare that I have read this report and in my opinion this report is sufficient in terms of scope and q
12. RM Price RM 1 LTC 3588 1 i Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Power 1 100 00 100 00 Supply 3 7 Rechargeable Battery 13 00 13 00 6 Piezoelectric Energy Harvester 250 00 250 00 10F 2 5V Supercapacitor 48 00 48 00 150 00 150 00 resistors capacitors connectors wires etc Total 623 65
13. SSION e Laptop with id USB RF if 2430 LabVIEW softwere Access Point attached to watch Figure 2 1 EZ430 Chronos Watch as a Wireless Health Monitoring Device 10 2 2 2 Development of Electrocardiogram ECG Wireless Sensors Board for Medical Healthcare Application by Nor Syahidatul Nadiah binti Ismail UTM 2009 7 This project built an ECG Wireless Sensors Board for healthcare application which is able to transmit ECG signals using XBEE wireless transmission between the board and computer XBEE module used is limited to 100m range If over this range the signals might not be received The board developed is large and hard to carry by the patient Figure 2 2 Development of ECG Wireless Sensors Board for Medical Healthcare Application 11 2 2 3 Smartphone Centric Platform Personal Health Monitoring using Wireless Wearable Biosensors 8 This project aimed to develop a platform in solving the issues associated with wearable sensors and mobile phone based monitoring This platform is made by three main elements which are wearable biosensor controller for the biosensor and the mobile monitoring unit This platform can be operated in different phone operating system such as Linux and Symbian and can support different sensors The wearable devices had a closed loop control features to reduce the power consumption based on real time health condition The platform is applied to the olde
14. Set 1 DD1_Set 0 PORTB DDO delay refresh DDO Set 0 DD 1 delay refresh uart send charc DD0 uart send charc DD1 DDO Set 0 Set 0 void uart_send char data while TXIF continue TXREG data receiving subroutine char uart_receive void if OERR 1 CREN 0 CREN 1 while RCIF continue return RCREG void CMCON 0x07 TRISA 0b00010100 I P only TRISB 0b00000000 OPTION 0500101000 for counter mode pulserate 0 TX9 0 0 61 Disable Comparators RA4 TOCKI input RAS is RB output Prescaler 1 1 TOCS 1 Initialize pulserate Bluetooth Setting j SPBRG 64 while 1 if start Infinite loop 62 SYNC 0 BRGH 1 ADEN 0 TXEN 1 CREN 1 1 delay_debounce countpulse J 3 display 63 Appendix MIT App Inventor Graphical Programming global KEY BluetoothClient 1 AddressesAndNames ListPicker 1 Selection falca glabal Change wt ListPicker1 Selection 64 value str 65 66 4 225 gRAPH WEEK URL BPMDataLabel Text EL PMD 2 BPMDataLabel Text 68 Appendix Cost of Project Parts Components Unit Price
15. Step Up VR Full Wave Rectifier Figure 4 2 Voltage Regulator VR Circuit Figure 4 2 shows the voltage regulator circuit which used to step up the voltage from 3 7V to 9 0V before supply to 5 0V and 3 3V voltage regulator 3 3V is needed because Bluebee module is operating in this voltage Logic converter is needed to step up and step down from 3 3V to 5 0V and 5 0V to 3 3V between Microcontroller PIC16F628 and Bluebee module 44 v 4 4 4 lt o 4 by P i 4 Figure 4 3 Energy Harvester Power Supply Figure 4 3 shows the energy harvester power supply which used to collect the harvested energy from the piezoelectric film and store the harvested energy in super capacitor But circuit is failed to harvest the energy and get the desired maximum output 3 6V which is more than enough to step up to 9 0V in the voltage regulator circuit This problem is most probably because the 10F 2 5V super capacitor is hard to charge due to piezoelectric film had insufficient current to pump into the super capacitor The full wave rectifier in Figure 4 2 is the second trial to replace the energy harvester power supply to harvest the energy but the result is the same However using a single 3 7 rechargeable battery is sufficient to power up the whole sensor circuit Figure 4 4 Mechanism for Volture Piezoelectric Energy Harvester 45 Figure 4 4 shows mechanism for Volture piezoelectric energy harv
16. alth 2012 Webster S Zeo Sleep Manager Review 2011 Tan Y K and S K Panda Review of Energy Harvesting Technologies for Sustainable WSN Sustainable Wireless Sensor Networks 2010 AIMI EZ430 CHRONOS WATCH AS A WIRELESS HEALTH MONITORING DEVICE 2010 2011 UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA NADIAH I N S DEVELOPMENT ECG WIRELESS SENSORS BOARD FOR MEDICAL HEALTHCARE APPLICATION 2008 2009 UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA Lam S C K et al A smartphone centric platform for personal health monitoring using wireless wearable biosensors in Information Communications and Signal Processing 2009 ICICS 2009 7th International Conference on 2009 Piezoelectric Energy Harvester Datasheet cited 2013 February 20 Available from http www mide com products volture v25w php Cytron Product User s Manual Bluebee July 2012 cited 2013 March 20 V1 0 Available from https docs google com document d 1Ede2xY3fVUelWWyV4ZRyVhFJDKvhCVOxHWSP P1n7Rjg edit Cytron Product User s Manual LCO4A Logic Converter 4 Channels June 20 2012 cited 2013 March 25 Available from https docs google com document d 1zgs6MYnB CsZbfq2j qVIkmR3D1t84ZaVw7RBo UjYol edit LM324N Quad Operational Amplifier cited 2013 February 22 Available from http www cytron com my datasheet IC linear LM324N pdf Appendix Wireless Sensor Device Schematic PICLOFS28 5 s i d un 4
17. cation It also supports serial interfacing 14 2 2 1 gt RAT ANT1 1 RAA TOCKI CMP2 RA7 OSCT CLKIN RAG OSC2 CLKOUT VDD RB T1OSI PGD RB6 T1OSO TICKIPPGC PIC16F627A 628A 648A RBS RBA PGM Figure 3 2 PICI6F628 Pin Diagram 3 2 2 Piezoelectric Harvesting Power Supply LTC3588 Breakout Figure 3 3 Piezoelectric Harvesting Power Supply LTC3588 Breakout The LTC3588 Breakout integrates a low loss full wave bridge rectifier with a high efficiency buck converter to form a complete energy harvesting solution optimized for high output impedance energy sources such as piezoelectric transducers 15 Four output voltages 1 8 2 5V 3 3V and 3 6V pin selectable with up to 100mA of continuous output current however the output capacitor may be sized to service a higher output current burst An input protective shunt set at 20V enables greater energy storage for a given amount of input capacitance This breakout board had been chosen because it works perfectly with low power devices The energy harvested from the ambient environment such as vibration or human motion to power up the devices This can eliminated the replacement of external power supply Features of LTC3588 Breakout 950nA Input Quiescent Current Output in Regulation No Load 450nA Input Quiescent Current in UVLO e 2 7V to 20V Input Operating Range e Integrated Low L
18. droid Application Result BPM Graph Display in Android Application Result BPM Yearly Graph Display in Android Application Result BPM Table in Google Fusion Table Result BPM Graph in Google Fusion Table Result BPM Yearly Graph in Google Fusion Table Result xiii 45 46 48 48 49 Lab VIEW ECG IR BCD BPM MIT LED VR xiv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Laboratory Virtual Instrument Engineering Workbench Electrocardiogram Infrared Binary Coded Decimal Beats per Minute Massachusetts Institute of Technology Light emitting Diode Voltage Regulator APPENDIX gt LIST APPENDICES TITLE Wireless Sensor Device Schematic Energy Harvester and Voltage Regulator Schematic Microcontroller Source Code MIT App Inventor Graphical Programming Cost of the Project XV PAGE 53 54 55 63 69 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1 Background The number of people suffering from chronic diseases has been increased dramatically because busy and unhealthy modern life style High blood pressure patients in China had increase from 130 million in 2007 to 200 million in 2011 In a scale of almost one to ten adults in China suffer from diabetes outbreak currently 1 The limitation of the traditional medical care is the main reason of this problem The patient could not get the proper and continuous advice from the doctor The patients does not realized about their diseases unt
19. eless sensor device consist of these main components PIC16F628 serves as a brain for the device The sensor using 15 heartbeat sensor circuit to sense the heartbeat The communication component using here is Bluebee and will connect to the smartphone The power source is generate from the piezoelectric patch and LTC 3588 will collect and regulate the harvested energy and then the energy will use to power up the sensor device 26 3 3 1 IR Sensor and Conditioning Circuit IR Diode and Photodiode Figure 3 15 Sensor and Conditioning Circuit The signal conditioning circuit consists of two identical active low pass filters The circuit is designed to have 2 34 Hz cut off frequency which is the maximum heart rate can be measured is 150 bpm The operational amplifier IC used in this circuit 18 LM324N a low power quad Op Amp chip The filtering is used to block any higher frequency noises present in the signal The total amplification is 10201 which each gain of the filter stage is 101 of each stage 1 680k 6 8k 101 27 Cut off Frequency E 2 34Hz The dc component of the signal 1s block using a 1 uF capacitor at the input of each stage From the equations above the calculated results are 101 for gain for each stage and 2 34Hz for cut off frequency The weak signal generated from the photo sensor unit is boosted before converting into a pulse through a two stage am
20. em for me to complete this project ABSTRACT With the recent advance in technology wireless sensors device are now used in medical healthcare application especially in detecting human heartbeat This project is to design a sustainable wireless sensor device for sensing heartbeat The device can sense heartbeat rate from fingertips An Android application was developed to receive the heartbeat rate for health monitoring The heartbeat rate can be viewed in tables or graphs and can be stored in Google Fusion Table as online database The user can generate energy using piezoelectric element to operate the device without external source The energy will be harvested and stored into super capacitor to power the device ABSTRAK Dengan kemajuan teknologi terkini peranti sensor tanpa wayar digunakan dalam aplikasi penjagaan kesihatan perubatan terutama dalam mengesan degupan jantung manusia Projek ini adalah untuk mereka bentuk alat sensor tanpa wayar yang mampu untuk mengesan denyutan jantung Peranti boleh mengesan kadar denyutan jantung dari hujung jari Aplikasi Android telah direkakan untuk menerima kadar degupan jantung untuk pemantauan kesihatan Kadar degupan jantung yang boleh dilihat dalam jadual atau graf dan boleh disimpan di dalam Jadual Fusion Google sebagai pangkalan data dalam talian Pengguna boleh menjana tenaga menggunakan unsur piezoelektrik untuk mengendalikan peranti tanpa sumber luar Tenaga akan dituai dan disimpan
21. ester which used to generate electric energy The electric energy generated by pressing the button The electric energy harvested is an AC power supply between 15V to 15V Figure 4 5 BPM Display on Wireless Sensor Device Result The wireless sensor device has been tested Firstly the thumb is placed on the IR sensor socket and start button was pressed The yellow LED 16 started to blink and indicated the BPM was started to measure After 15 seconds 72 is displayed on the 7 segment display about 2 seconds Finally the BPM data is sent to Android based smartphone 4 2 Software Result 4 21 Android Application Result Date 11 05 2013 Time 2 47 27 PM BPM 76 Date 11 05 2013 Time 2 51 36 PM BPM Table Figure 4 6 BPM Display on Android Application Result 46 The Android application is enabled to receive the BPM data from the wireless sensor device as shown in Figure 4 6 When store button is pressed the BPM data 18 stored in the Google Fusion Table as shown in Figure 4 9 At the same time the BPM table and graph can be viewed in Android application 47 View Yearly Graph BPM Graph Figure 4 7 BPM Graph Display in Android Application Result Heartbeat Monitoring mr View Yearly Graph BPM Yearly Figure 4 8 BPM Yearly Graph Display in Android Application Result 48 4 2 2 Fusion Table Result 8 44 AM 5 31 2013 8 52 AM 5 31 2013 lt gt C htt
22. he power to complete a cycle of data recording A portable and wireless device was needed to replace the non portable and large medical instrument to record and present the data 14 Scope Sensor Device Power Portability Functionality Platform Self External Non Heart oA SERO Portable Others Android Others Figure 1 2 Scope of Project There are four elements need to be considered in this project as shown in Figure 1 2 which are in term of power portability functionality and platform using Firstly the power of the sensor device will focused on self powered which are power by energy harvesting power supply without external power supply Next the device is portable and can be operate without any external wiring The functionality of the device is to measure human s heart rate Lastly the application will be developed using Android platform which providing a graphical user interface to user for data collection and analysis 1 5 Summary of Work Work Schedule 1 Ist Semester 2012 2013 Weeks 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 12 12 T3 14 15 16 Project Proposal Finalized Proposal Background study Components purchasing Research on Android GUI Programming Start design amp build the device Report Thesis 111 Table 1 1 Gantt Chart for Final Year Project 1 2 2nd Semester 2012 2013 Continue device building Coding on ATMega328 Continue Android
23. il they go to do body checkup and maybe it 16 too late After the patients knew about their diseases the doctor could not help them because they had no time to go to the doctor for blood pressure or any health monitoring In these cases doctors could not give patients advice when necessary Besides that another major problem is the increasing of the elderly in the population which needs more valuable bed needed space to provide a long term health care services in hospital In China the demand for healthcare is increasing rapidly due to the ageing population resulting from the one child policy since 1970s in which only one child is allow in a family 1 These problems become obstacle to prevent patient to receive doctor consultant for symptom monitoring To solve this problem the popularity of mobile phones could make a contribution Recent innovation technologies such as mobile computing devices can be increasingly integrated into the healthcare environment and work together to create a reliable and secure communication backbone to allow access to vital information anytime and anywhere 2 Wireless technology and mobile network offer a great potential such as high mobility wider coverage range and better data collection Networked mobile devices in healthcare industry help clinicians to connect to the patients and provide them more efficient accurate and better quality care with fewer medical errors 2 Some examples of ava
24. ilable wireless mobile in healthcare are shown in Figure 1 1 a iHealth Smart GlucoMeter which is a blood glucose system that apply the smart device like smartphone or smartphone with an attached device to measure blood glucose levels and monitoring their health 3 b Zeo Sleep Manager is a small and light wireless head band bedside display and set of online tools that measure sleep patterns through the electrical signals naturally produced by brain 4 a 1 Smart GlucoMeter b Zeo Sleep Manager Figure 1 1 Example of Wireless Devices in Healthcare The energy harvesting technologies is suitable to power up wireless sensor device due to the limitation of power sources The ambient power sources such as vibrational thermal wind solar and so on can convert into usable electrical energy which is stored and used for performing sensing or actuation The advantages of energy harvesting are to reduce the dependency on battery power reduce the maintenance cost and provide the long term solutions 5 In this project the general concept of this wireless sensor device 18 used to detect the heartbeat rate and send the data rate obtained to the user s smartphone for data collection For hardware design it concentrates on development of self sustained wireless sensor device with energy harvesting It consists of microcontroller heartbeat sensor energy harvester transceiver and piezoelectric film The ambient energy selected
25. inking effect on the screen Figure 3 25 Clock2 Timer Blocks Figure 3 25 shows the function of Clock2 Timer Clock2 Timer is used to receive the BPM data from sensor device The BPM data from the sensor device is sent byte by byte For example 6 and 0 sent by sensor device If the byte received greater than 1 then the BPM data will display at BPMDataLabel Text 38 4 BPMDataLabel Text message _ Notifier 1 ShowMessageDialog buttonText InsertdatalnTable Figure 3 26 Store Button Blocks Figure 3 26 shows the function of Store button The if else statement here is used to store the BPM data to Fusion Table if BPMDataLabel Text is not empty If BPMDataLabel Text is empty Notifierl ShowMessageDialog will pop out an Incomplete Storing dialog box as shown in Figure 3 27 After the BPM data stored the application will reset to a default form 39 Incomplete Storing No BPM Data Figure 3 27 Incomplete Storing Dialog Box In order to send the data to Fusion Table FusiontablesControl component is used This action will create a new row in the Fusion Table setting the values of the various columns involved The data inserted must follow the format of the insert query This procedure involves two steps ig quotify ED arg do is return make text Figure 3 28 Step 1 Const
26. nect Bluetooth connection Bluetooth Mac Address Textbox Display Bluetooth Mac Address 5 BPM Display Label Display BPM data Store Button Click to store BPM data 7 View Card Button Click to view BPM card 8 View Graph Button Click to view week year BPM Graph Table 3 3 Component and Its Function in Android User Interface 3 4 2 2 Android Block Editor Program This section will discussed some of the important parts of the visual blocks programming for the Android application 36 global Change BluetoothClientt Connect 5 ListPicker1 Selection Figure 3 23 Connect Disconnect Button Blocks Figure 3 23 shows the function of Connect Disconnect button Change is a global Boolean variable If Change is true then the BluetoothClient l Connect will connect to the selected Bluetooth device and at the same time the Connect text of the button will change to Disconnect And then the Change will change from true to false If Change is false the BluetoothClient Disconnect will disconnect from the connected Bluetooth device and at the same time the Disconnect will change to Connect And then the Change will change from false to true Next if else statement is used to enable Clock1 timer and Clock2 timer 37 Figure 3 24 Clock1 Timer Blocks Figure 3 24 shows the function of Clock1 Timer Clock1 Timer is used to switch the heart shape image and a black image This will caused bl
27. ogic Converter 4 Channels LCO4A Quad Operational Amplifier LM324 Pin Diagram IR Sensor with Socket BCD to 7 Segment Decoder 74LS48 Pin Diagram 10 13 14 14 16 16 17 19 20 21 22 22 3 20 3 21 3 22 3 23 3 24 3 25 3 20 5 24 3 28 3 29 3 30 3 31 4 1 AD 4 3 4 4 Voltage Regulator LM7805 and LM1117T 3 7V 1100mAh Li Ion Battery Wireless Sensor Device General Diagram IR Sensor and Conditioning Circuit Flowchart of Main Program Flowchart of Countpulse Function Flowchart of Display Function Flowchart of Mask Function Flowchart of Charc Function Process Flow of Android App Development Android Application Connect Disconnect Button Blocks Clock1 Timer Blocks Clock2 Timer Blocks Store Button Blocks Incomplete Storing Dialog Box Step 1 Constructing the Insert Query Step 2 Sending the query to Google s Fusion Table Solid Works Drawing of IR Sensor Socket Solid Works Drawing of Mechanism for Volture Piezoelectric Energy Harvester Wireless Sensor Device Voltage Regulator VR Circuit Energy Harvester Power Supply Mechanism for Volture Piezoelectric Energy Harvester xii 25 24 25 26 28 29 30 32 32 33 34 36 7 38 39 39 40 41 41 42 43 44 45 4 5 4 6 4 8 4 9 4 10 4 11 BPM Display on Wireless Sensor Device Result BPM Display on An
28. oss Full Wave Bridge Rectifier Upto 100mA of Output Current e Selectable Output Voltage 1 8V 2 5V 3 3V 3 6V e High Efficiency Integrated Hysteretic Buck DC DC e Input Protective Shunt Up to 25mA Pull Down gt 20V e Wide Input Undervoltage Lockout UVLO e Available in 10 Lead MSE and 3mmx3mm DEN Packages 16 3 2 3 Volture Piezoelectric Energy Harvester 9 Figure 3 4 Volture Piezoelectric Energy Harvester film Volture Piezoelectric Energy Harvester convert wasted energy from mechanical vibrations into usable electrical energy This film can interface directly to LTC3588 Breakout LTC3588 Breakout will rectify a voltage waveform and stored the harvested energy on an external capacitor This combination forms a full energy harvesting solution 3 2 4 Electric Double Layer Super Capacitor Figure 3 5 1OF 2 5V Super Capacitor 17 Super capacitors the highest available capacitance values per unit volume and the greatest energy density of all capacitors In this project super capacitor 18 used as temporary storage to store the harvested energy 3 2 5 Cytron Bluebee Module Figure 3 6 BlueBee Module BlueBee module is used as a transceiver due to some reasons which are low in cost and suitable for low power wireless sensor application Besides this module 18 small which is suitable to use in portable device 18 5 5 Comes Comes Tow o Wm ces BeBe saw
29. plifier filter Whenever a heartbeat 15 detected the LED blinks The 4 input of PICI6F628A receives the output from the signal conditioner 3 4 Software Implementation Software implementation will be discussed in this section In this project there are two main software will be using include the MPLAB in C programming and MIT App Inventor The MPLAB used to program the Microcontroller PIC16F628 to perform collect the data from the heart beat sensor circuit and send to user s smartphone through Bluetooth communication The Android application used to develop a Graphical User Interface GUI for user to see and interact with The GUI provides a control menu for user to select the option to perform a certain task 3 4 4 MPLAB is free software which can be obtained from the internet Both Assembly and C programming languages can be used with MPLAB In this project C programming language is used There are three main parts for Microcontroller PICI6F628 which is BPM calculation BPM display and the Bluetooth communication between sensor device and Android based smartphone 28 3 4 1 1 MPLAB Program False True delay_debounce I E countpulse display i Figure 3 16 Flowchart of Main Program This section will discussed some of the important subroutine of the program for Microcontroller PIC16F628 Figure 3 16 shows the flowchart of the main program When start button is pressed
30. ps www google com fusiontables DataSource docid 1fDVPPYQAeXBcDEdkt6ivVtnT NtkxThJDiIMSGCkk card id 2 y BPM Data 3 Add Attribution Edited on May 11 2013 File Edit Tools Help 9 Map of Location gt Chart 1 Chat2 BPM Data 3 Add Attribution Edited on May 11 2013 File Edit Tools Help No filters applied Sorted by Time 9 Map of Location Chart 1 gt Chart 2 No filters applied Saved 4 1 6450145 Date 18 05 2013 Date 18 05 2013 4 20 18 7 45 17 68 76 Date 18 05 2013 Date 18 05 2013 Time 7 50 09 PM Time 4 23 58 PM BPM 64 BPM 72 Date 18 05 2013 Date 18 05 2013 Time 7 43 36 PM Time 7 50 39 PM BPM 64 BPM 92 Date 19 05 2013 Date 18 05 2013 Time 11 57 03 PM Time 4 30 31 PM BPM 68 BPM 72 Date 18 05 2013 Date 18 05 2013 Time 4 33 21 PM Time 7 48 24 PM BPM 72 BPM 80 Date 18 05 2013 Date 18 05 2013 Time 4 35 07 PM Time 7 45 42 PM BPM 80 BPM 80 Date 19 05 2013 Date 19 05 2013 Time 11 58 21 PM Time 11 59 40 PM BPM 76 BPM 88 Date 18 05 2013 Date 18 05 2013 Time 7 40 25 PM Time 7 47 04 PM BPM 64 Date 18 05 2013 Date 18 05 2013 7 2 Time 7 47 34 Time 7 51 24 PM BPM 88 BPM 72 BPM Data 3 Google Fusi x gt B https www google com fusiontables DataSource docid 1fD VPPYQAeXBcDEdkt6ivVtnTNtkxThJDIMSGCkk
31. r version of mobile phones There is a more powerful platform can be replaced to perform the same task such as Android platform 3 METHODOLOGY AND APPROACHES 3 1 Introduction The development of this project combines knowledge from various discipline of study thus a systematic approach for the development process is crucial This chapter describes the development methodology and guidelines in designing the device The design process start with hardware design software design hardware and software integration and lastly is testing and calibration Once the objectives and application were identified research had been carried out to determine the suitable component for the hardware design The hardware and software were developed separately and will later be integrated together to form a complete system Testing and calibration will be carried out to test and improve the complete system 13 Hardware Design Software Design Hardware and Software Integration Testing and Calibration Figure 3 1 Design Process 3 2 Hardware 3 2 1 Processing Unit PIC16F628 manufactured by Microchip has been chosen as the processing unit for wireless sensor device This chip had been chosen based on several reasons The main reason is this chip has a low voltage and current consumption which enable the device to be portable with small battery storage Besides it has a small size and has enough output ports for my appli
32. ructing the Insert Query 40 global TABLE_ID 00 Figure 3 29 Step 2 Sending query to Google s Fusion Table An example of what this might look like is shown below Notice that the values must be enclosed in single quotes INSERT INTO 191GHtZ_B2 Date Time BPM VALUES 10 10 2012 7 30AM 60 3 4 3 Solid works Solid works is a 3D mechanism design tools that used to design the mechanical design in this project The IR sensor socket and the mechanism for Volture Piezoelectric Energy Harvester are designed using this software 41 Figure 3 30 Solid works Drawing of IR Sensor Socket Figure 3 31 Solid works Drawing of Mechanism for Volture Piezoelectric Energy Harvester 4 RESULT AND DISCUSSION 4 1 Hardware Result 4 1 1 Electronic Circuitry In this project there are three parts implemented for circuitry part which are wireless sensor device voltage regulator circuit and energy harvester power supply PICI6F628 BPM Display PAY 3 jc BiueBee EN a P LE Fux X 3 Logic Converter Heartbeat Sensor Circuit Figure 4 1 Wireless Sensor Device 43 Figure 4 1 shows the wireless sensor device which is main board where Microcontroller PIC16F628 heartbeat sensor circuit BPM display and Bluebee module are deployed
33. s CED LN MN LL NN 1 2 4 1 1 1 1 1 UART request to send active low p 1 2 3 2 6 7 Table 3 2 Pin Function for BlueBee Module 10 19 3 2 6 12W 3 3 5 Input Wide Output Adjustable Boost Converter Figure 3 7 12W 3 3 5V Input Wide Output Adjustable Boost Converter PTN04050C The 04050 is 4 boost voltage regulator product The 04050 provides high efficiency step up voltage conversion for loads of up to 12W in 2 95V to 5 5V input range The output voltage is set using a single external resistor to set any value within the range 5V to 15 In this project 5kOhm is selected to set the output voltage about 9 0V Features of 4050 e Upto 12 W Output e Wide Input Voltage Range and General Purpose Applications 2 95 V to 5 5 V e Wide Output Voltage Adjust 5 V to 15 V e High Efficiency Up to 90 Operating Temperature 409 to 85 C e Surface Mount Package Available 20 3 2 7 Logic Converter 4 Channels LC04A Figure 3 8 Logic Converter 4 Channels 4 is a logic converter which help user to steps down and step up signals to 3 3V and 3 3V to SV rapidly It have four pin on high side to convert to four pin at the low side 11 In this project LCO4A used to step down from microcontroller to 3 3 of Bluebee module Features of LCO4A e Ways bidirectional logic zero will wins dominan
34. t e LV must be lower voltage than HV e LV be as low 1 8V HV can go up to e Channels you can have TX RX CTS and RTS UART SPI or simple sensor input that have different voltage level e Not analog converter nor amplifier e Dimension 15mm 16mm 21 3 2 8 Quad Operational Amplifier LM324 Figure 3 9 Quad Operational Amplifier LM324 Pin Diagram The LM324 consist of four independent high gain internally frequency compensated operational amplifiers which were designed specifically to operate from a single power supply 12 In this project two operational amplifiers are needed to filter the noise and provide a gain to amplifier the weak signal pulse from the finger tip Features of LM324 Internally Frequency Compensated for Unity Gain Large DC Voltage Gain 100dB Input Common Mode Voltage Range Includes Ground Large Output Voltage Swing 0V to VCC 1 5V Power Drain Suitable for Battery Operation 22 3 2 9 IR Sensor with Socket Figure 3 10 IR Sensor with Socket The IR sensor set with socket consists of an IR transmitter and an IR receiver mounted side by side and is covered by a rectangular socket which also minimizes the influence from the environment The IR transmitter transmits an infrared light into the fingertip placed on the sensor unit and the IR receiver senses the portion of the light that is reflected back The blood volume inside the fingertip determines
35. the intensity of reflected light Therefore heartbeat rate converted the reflected infrared light that can be detected by the photodiode The amplitude of the reflected infrared light then converted to pulse with signal conditional circuit The pulse then can be readable by the microcontroller and the heartbeat rate can be determined 23 3 2 10 BCD to 7 Segment Decoder 741 548 Figure 3 11 BCD to 7 Segment Decoder 74LS48 Pin Diagram In order to reduce the number of pin used by 7 segment display 74LS48 18 used Different BCD inputs from 0000 1001 apply to input terminal the IC produces equivalent outputs from 0 9 3 2 11 Voltage Regulator LM7805 and LM1117T Figure 3 12 Voltage Regulator LM7805 and LM1117T A voltage regulator 18 designed to automatically maintain a constant voltage level In this project two different voltage regulator 5 0V and 3 3V are used because all components are used 5 0V except Bluebee is used 3 3V 24 3 2 12 3 7 1100mAh Li Ion Battery Figure 3 13 3 7V 1100mAh Li Ion Battery This is a typical Lithium Ion rechargeable battery in cylindrical shaped that offer 1100mAh actual capacity The size is small and suitable for portable project 25 3 3 Circuitry Design Energy Harvesting System Wireless Sensor Device LTC3588 Jl BlueBee Heartbeat Sensor Circuit PIC16F628 BPM Display Piezoelectric Figure 3 14 Wireless Sensor Device General Diagram Figure 3 7 showed the wir
36. uality for the award of the degree of Bachelor in Mechatronic Engineering ASSOC PROF DR ROSBI BINMAMAT Signature m 24 6 2013 SUSTAINABLE WIRELESS SENSOR DEVICE FOR HEARTBEAT MONITORING WITH ENERGY HARVESTER SIN TONG KOK A report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Bachelor in Mechatronic Engineering Faculty of Electrical Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia JUNE 2013 I declare that this report entitled SUSTAINABLE WIRELESS SENSOR DEVICE FOR HEARTBEAT MONITORING WITH ENERGY HARVESTER is the result of my own research except as cited in the references The report has not been accepted for any degree and is not concurrently submitted in candidature of any other degree Signature Name SIN TONG KOK Date 24 6 2013 Special dedicated to my beloved family and friends ACKNOWLEDGEMENT In order to complete my final year project supports from many parties are fully appreciated Firstly I would like to thanks to Assoc Prof Dr Rosbi bin Mamat who is my supervisor in this project His advised and guidance had helped me a lot in this project Besides that I also wish to express my appreciation to all my friends whose had help me a lot to speed up my progress for completing this project Lastly thanks to my family who had given their greatest encouragement and support for all these years Without their helps there will be a probl
37. upply is not working because the large super capacitor 10F 2 5V used is too hard for the piezoelectric film to charge it up to the desired voltage 51 5 2 Future Work 5 21 Recommendation In this project there 15 still lot more rooms for future improvement to produce better project Therefore there is some recommendation 18 given below for further research i super capacitor with low Equivalent Series Resistance ESR is highly recommended to replace the super capacitor used in this project Low ESR 18 also called low impedance The current dissipated 1s higher than the normal super capacitor with lower voltage operation The wireless sensor device size be reduced to minimum the power consumption The 7 segment display can be replaced with few LEDs because 7 segment display drawn a lot of current 11 sensor used in this project is not so accurate because it easily influence the noise Wearable sensor 18 recommended 10 11 12 REFERENCES Mandy Y et al An innovative system of health monitoring using mobile phones in e Health Networking Applications and Services Healthcom 2012 IEEE 14th International Conference on 2012 Chiew Lian and Wan Young 802 15 4 Wireless Mobile Application for Healthcare System in Convergence Information Technology 2007 International Conference on 2007 Jung S iHealth Labs Announces iGlucometer to Better Monitor Your iHe
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