Home

Chuzhakin`s System Review

1. Polushkina Krush 4 Szeged 1994 E PON M NE NUN NUM sg 2 Ed p Venere Nk al jh A fs eae Mam BI ae I WE OY s 25 77 S eem o 122227 TH 4HBSE DO c d e f g h Black s hazardous element is confrontation b3 g8 You should also include the rook a8 in the list of critical hazardous elements here according to rule 3 1 2Xd5 exd5 In the game it was 1 W f7 2 2195 Wh5 3 Axe6 2 Wkd5 amp n8 3 S ag Botvinnik Flohr Moscow 1936 a b c d e fg h su x amp Beek al an ae g aa 4 amp 7 7 iman C 2 Z7 ho At first glance the location of the white king and the black queen on the same diagonal is not hazardous as there are two black pawns on the diagonal besides these pawns are blocked 45 Botvinnik also places the queen on the same diagonal where the black king is in order to break down the opponent s resistance on next moves by pressing on e6 but he meets a counterattack 45 b5 And it s not allowed to capture on b5 because it will be followed by a capture in return with a check However the advantage of White was enough for the victory after 46 4c2 In the position in the diagram it would have been better to preliminary remove the hazardous element by moving 45 91 preparing the queen s attack on c4 8 Passed pawn Priorities the closer to the promotion square the more hazardous the element
2. Karjakin Dominguez Wijk aan Zee 2014 XU 4 9 IMMO onn tt B Rm i Wa Ern M d m NON d E 8 E P BAS PU EM jo a S d e The rook on al is not a HE in this position but after the move 13 b3 it becomes HE 3 1 Asa result Black wins a pawn 13 Zxe4 14 Wxe4 f6 15 213 2xc3 T It is better 15 21d4 Axd4 16 Xixd4 d5 17 9963 dxc4 18 b2 cxb3 19 A c3 amp xd4 20 Wxd4 f6 F 3 2 The object which is protected and defended the same number of times TC gt 0 Schmied Aagaard 4 Copenhagen 1995 h E P ia c yg ora E as E 4 x h White has hazardous elements queen c4 knight d4 bishop g5 When a piece defends another piece which is a hazardous element you should attack the former 1 Bes 1 0 White resigned foreseeing 2 Wb3 2 Axe6 2xe6 2 9 kd4 Benza Meshkov 4 Smolensk 2004 e o Oo o WA Z Z A l sas al YY 4 X 7 7 7 7 Bom m s IAG JF dU 787 A ZA TZ 5 E mme a b c d e fg White has a hazardous element knight on d5 and after 1 h6 White loses the knight It s curious that Black did not notice a simple move and the game ended in a draw Nakamura Li Chao Antalya 2013 a b c d Mo axe e n Qu no X UL WX UU j a 5 77877 We y 7 S A S 7 HA ye uf BY Wi O E Z S a DITTI c d e
3. UM WE a NON E a b c d e g h The game is equal It is possible for White not to defend the HE on b2 playing for example with the rook on d1 Euwe makes a strategic mistake 14 2w4 14 Had1 Now the knight is a HE as per rules 3 5 and 10 14 U xf2 15 xf2 d5 16 65 16 exd5 Axd5 17 83 Had8 Black has a small advantage Instead of that White created a new HE on e5 16 Dd7 a b c d e fgh JE 0X p l i M2 hb a 7 47 27 b S 77 amp F gt 77 j 425 7 77 wW V7 7 En 4 UY n GY Beam OLETTE WEM 000 UEM LM HEs W a4 523 c2 d2 e5 f2 e7 h2 B b7 e6 Black has a gigantic advantage from the point of view of HEs White should either protect the HE on e5 with the move to f4 or c2 with the move to Cd3 17 g3 17 2 d3 b5 18 Ac3 2c5 19 493 d4 20 f4 amp c5 21 Ad1 f6 22 2c3 fxe5 23 fxe5 Lxc3 24 4 xc3 d7 0 51 The pawn on e5 is attacked two times and is protected one time tension coefficient is 1 A standard method of playing in such positions is clearing the line of attack with tempo to do this it s good to attack a HE with pieces which block the line in this case Black attacks c2 a4 and f2 capturing the pawn on e5 T Bf5 18 Rac1 b5 19 Nc3 Bc5 20 Kg2 Nxe5 F a b c d e fgh J E amp b amp hh bl UL k ging Piso d RE rra Z Ya 4 n et D Wm 7 E GK Y UY jAXAS
4. 2e eee edet deed en deiutesaieieenas 17 6c PI serene rte dete a ted Sees a Sets Se s t tst 17 ToKgne m o moerore set or LL OE OET LT Mor s tot eL Le Aor ott es 18 8 Passed PAW ste e sees eed ied und d e tnde RAS 20 9 Intrusion SQUALES o et etse Re e n eee eee ett eee hn 21 I0 Linutedmobility of a piece nitent ro hee roe ee rd bt 23 11 Presumptuous objects innen tee P e doy Dd dee e iens 24 12 Intr ding enemy piece ne red eve deep aede dete Deis 25 13 Xa ion otn he e t eee yero rene ere pce e s 25 14s hazardous HE 4i su Perte eta ose euet eemper 26 15 Major pieces shifted more than three ranks relative to their initial position eeeeeee 27 16 Possibilityof stalemate noniine epu eerte eee p dete Debs 28 17 Possibility Of Zugzwang 4 visi tee eee p dere de pde rebns 28 18 P ssibility of theoretical draws ios iie eee eoe doe aetas 29 Chapter 5 Notation of Hazardous Elements Rules in Brief Tables sssssssssseseeeeeeeeeeenneree nne 30 Brief Rules for Calculation of HE 2 1 e hee e tere her pe eie DRE 30 Notation of Hazardous Elements eeeeeesseeeeeeeeeeeeee nennen enne enne re ra enne en nes entere n tenete tenerse nene 32 Chapter 6 How to Use Hazardous Elements 00 c cc essesssecesseecsseecssceceseeeesseecsacecsscecsneecesaeessseecsaeersseecseesesaeessaeeesaeees 33 Logical Sense of Hazardous Elements eeeeeeeeeseeeeeeeen eene enne nennen en
5. White ensnares the black king with tempo to the diagonal al h8 after that the DO on g7 is pinned and the queen on h6 is captured 1 Fa8 dh7 2 Eh8 K amp xh8 2 Sg6 3 xh6 3 Wxh6 2g8 4 Wxg7 Understanding this mechanism you will be able to find a combination in the following game of the challenger tournament 2014 Svidler Anand Candidates 2014 Khanty Mansiysk 2014 a b c d f g ETE Ew Le ice m a ET YY Ay i i na A 5 OTTI DOPTI d m UE WA 7 m Kial JA 0 BAP ow Won f g h W b2 d4 e5 P 23 P b6 g1 The direct attack on d4 in order to attack the rook on e5 cannot be carried out here Attacking the HE on f2 Black makes stronger the HE b6 g1 due to which the DO on d4 is pinned 20 xf2 21 E e8 21 amp xf2 xed 21 E f8F And Black has an extra pawn Instead of it Anand attacked the HE on g5 by moving 20 h6 As a result the game ended in a draw Playing against DO when TC 1 Playing against DO often allows you to win a defensive object in exchange for a sacrificed one Here we talk about the HE as per rule No 3 and tension coefficient 2 and above 1 e when an element has several protectors In this case it is desirable that the most valuable object should be at the place of the object HE No 3 during an attack on DO To decoy it a combination can start with an attack on HE No3 Let s see an example e f h m m S m E o n h
6. X ray 45 Mamedov Petkov Warsaw 2013 C EA SATAII YG ET ET aa eatin 7 dw X XL 4577287704 M Pa a og 2 0 74 FOREGO dE awe ho uu 0 MLAS Af 5 WM a e f g h The black queen is on the same line as the opponents bishop A standard method is searching for a possibility to break up the diagonal 18 2 Y6 exf6 19 exf6 VW c6 20 fxg7 Clearance of Threat Square If an object occupies a square from which another object will make a serious threat e g of checkmate fork pawn promotion or another threat the importance of which is higher than the value of an object that blocks this square the blocking object can become a desperado object Such combinations are similar to ambush but instead of breaking up the line here we speak about clearing of a certain square Desperado Max Euwe definition Desperado is a piece that is devoted to destruction in a combination but for which we try to gain as much material as possible As we already said desperado often appears as a result of counterattack Bogoljubow Schmid Bad Pyrmont 1949 1 e4 e5 2 2X3 Ac6 3 Ac3 f6 4 d4 exd4 5 a xd4 T Ud e in Hn ni e x m nm e ie ere 44 s MN M ph m i 7 ULLA PERLIT 0 WE i Wee I W d4 e4 B c6 In this opening position Black decided Gto ar the watersttH Dxe4 6 Axc6 6 Axe4 We7 7 13 d5 s Axc6 bxc6
7. b4 0 1 In the following game White making a threat to one HE came to attack two other HEs with tempo Nikolaidis Vouros 4 Athens 1993 a Ae K Pa mam r nre Cana WNT Mil zzz i Tu Ya lem 2s e a T 0 ME CM NEM VN Yo a b EE h W b23 c3 el b43 fA g7 without a pawn B a7 a8 b4 bS b8 g7 1 83 Wa5 2 W93 1 0 Playing Against a Defensive Object DO When a hazardous element is protected by a piece or a pawn a nice way to struggle against it is making pressure on the defensive object DO first of all this concerns rule No 3 2 object which is protected and attacked the same number of times TC gt 0 There are several basic methods of playing against DOs Direct attack on DO Chekhover Verlinsky Leningrad 1933 X X wpe 7 ws a awa p I a 5 ma s ri l 4 m 7 3 ls JA 7 P E a PN m Z Barn The rook on f7 is protected by the queen on d7 Black attacks the queen 1 Ab6 2 We7 bc8 0 1 Savitsky Freiman Leningrad 1934 a b o d e f g h Yj ZZA 7 Z 7 MW 5 8 7 AW 7 2 ZA a j 5 7 f amp Ta u a T A Jel 7 7 4 E de mox ho a b c e g The HE on f7 is protected by the knight on d6 which is also a hazardous element White attacks the knight and makes a draw 1 xde Wxd6 2 W
8. e 1 Niy L CE gt E a d 2 Black has an extra rook and to save the queen he can sacrifice any piece 1 2f5 2 Wa2 Ed8 3 We3 d3 4 43 f6 0 1 2 Objects under attack Hazardous elements are objects under attack i e in cases when the number of attacks on an object exceeds the number of defenses Priorities crucial HE At first glance everything is simple if a piece is under attack you should defend it or move it away More complicated positions appear when an enemy piece is attacked in return Ipatov Giri Antalya 2013 7 Ur e r a ar a ak ia een ua QUARE opor NER imn rre m a T ur Gul en G YY AES WAT WmWA UTT c d e f g h Black has an extra pawn which means that White has HE 1 but at the same time Black s queen and rook are under attack Squares d4 and d8 are HEs 2 In order to get rid of pin Black uses a typical method of counterattack creating for White HE 72 on e3 30 Hd3 31 Wa7 Wde 32 2xd3 2xd3 33 amp a1 amp xc1 Shevchenko Kirillovich 4 Orel 2001 ooo oo BB G unl o ITA Pita Fr E S RN n d 7 amp 2 fa 7 VW a ja 525575 f AZ Ve ug ERO UT LISSA T NET a b c d e f g h Black has the bishop on g7 under attack and though White is in check this is not a guarantee of a peaceful play for Black White decoys the queen under at
9. 8 1 An enemy pawn one or two squares before the promotion square Movsesian Bacrot 4 Sarajevo 2000 d f g i WW me m m m m j a8 fas s fup NN NE 1 Sas sa kA x a ma 2 V x White s hazardous elements are a3 and c2 1 Hb1 white resigned foreseeing 2 7 xb1 2 xb1 cxb1W 3 Axb1 a2 2 c1W Kotronias Stupak Warsaw 2013 d h a 7 X UK UA 7 bal s amp amp amp Lj 4 77 87 TS 4 zu n al 7 2 zr j RGE ZG A Z CES E lo a b c d e f g h it SSS a The pawn on a6 is in two moves away from the queening square White attacks a piece which defends b7 On d5 and b7 we see HE No3 with TC 1 HE 3 is often used as a preparation for the combinations where other motives are in action 20 21 Hxd5 amp xd5 22 axb7 amp c5 23 bxaBW t 8 2 Pawns can become passed This is one of the most complicated rules for calculation because it is not always easy to determine if a pawn can be a passer or not Anyway in combinations where this rule can be applied there are almost always other HE involved and this makes tactical calculation simpler Nakamura Kramnik Antalya 2013 a b c d e fg h 77 fw Vg A LM ii rr s Ap am NN 8 Mam m E U 5 0 BO a b c d e f g h At first glance the knight has no time to stop the pawn on a4 but the pawn on b5 comes to help Should an opportunity arise it is ready to move to b8 with a chec
10. BOAR j 2 Sa Bl O g N s VIU UT DIIT a b c d e f h The hazardous element on c6 e6 is transformed into a HE as per rule 1 1 the king that can be placed in check 1 d5 Gad 1 294 2 dxc6 2xf3 3 gxf3 bxc6 4 Wa4 2 dxe6 QXxb3 3 b5 Gruenfeld Johner Debrecen 1925 e o o o oO TA 2 X X SS N 7 Md a Z 227 SS pue Y E IU A LATIN TTA J OTTTTY a E 7 7 a b c d e fg Black has the king and rook in the pawn hazardous SS SS Re De S SS S SS SS UK e N wo A OC QO N oc Do Z 7 2 N N position d5 f5 White takes advantage of it attacking another hazardous element the pawn on a5 1 2xa5 worse 1 Ha4 Hf8 2 2xa5 Ha8 3 2c3 Hxa4 1 2xab 2 Ha4 Gaining a pawn considering a threat of attack on the HE d5 f5 for example by moving to e4 2 A d4 2 H8 3 Xixa5 3 exd4 Ac6 4 dxc5 amp xc5 5 94 hxg4 6 amp xg4 Kikovich Forintos 4 Budapest 1957 N OQ NN SN S pojo Be NN ec TTA yy yy yyy AID yyy OE 277 a A 3 rO BEA White takes advantage of the pawn hazard c8 e8 and other Black s HE 1 xc8 Exc8 2 d7 xd7 3 2 94 07 4 2xc8 1 0 14 2 Knight hazardous major pieces A hazardous element is two major pieces and the king which are in knight hazardous position relative to each other The hazardous element is not counted if the op
11. advantages that are more significant than just knowing each tactical element separately Aristotle s famous rule works here the whole is bigger than the sum of its parts 1 The idea to calculate the list of tactical prerequisites the so called hazardous elements in each position without depending if there will be tactics in it or not This makes sense because in a real game we do not know in advance if combinations are possible or not and where they can be possible Standard methods of using hazardous elements We suggest looking for tactics depending on the hazardous elements available in a position and give instructions how you can use these hazardous elements and their interactions A new positional principle the less hazardous elements we have and the more hazardous elements the opponent has the better This can be used in positional maneuvering Earlier many positional principles such as a center or open file capture pawn weakness etc They are all still significant Methods for optimization of calculation of hazardous elements It is specified that it is not necessary to calculate them again in each position the majority of hazardous elements remain during many moves That is why it is enough to examine the influence of the last move on the lists of hazardous elements for both sides which we remember from the previous position Special clear cut algorithms for calculation of attacks and defenses taking into account attack
12. the e4 square Knight hazard free squares are a8 c2 c6 g2 g6 In the following diagram you can see some variants of the knight hazardous position of the queen relative to the king on gl 7 Wi T w E E The rule for calculating knight hazardous squares by the example of the diagram it is necessary to count four steps diagonally from the king to each side and find a circumscribing rectangle It this diagram it is the rectangle cl c5 h5 hl All dark squares in the rectangle except for the knight hazard free squares are knight hazardous Knight hazard free squares c5 e3 Knight hazardous squares c1 c3 d2 d4 el e5 f2 f4 g3 g5 h2 h4 they are occupied by the queen in this diagram Knight hazardous pieces can be simultaneously attacked by a knight i e by a fork Most often it is knight hazard for major pieces and the king that is calculated Bishop hazardous objects objects that are placed on the diagonal Most often they are calculated for major pieces and the king Rook hazardous objects objects that are placed along the same rank or file Usually only rook hazardous position of the queen is taken into account Knight hazard free squares if there are two squares and the knight can leap from the initial square to the destination square in four or more moves these squares are knight hazard free Knight hazard free objects are those that are situated at the knight hazard free distance
13. 0 In the position mentioned above the black king e7 and rook f8 are also in the knight hazardous position 14 3 Bishop hazardous major pieces A hazardous element is two major pieces and the king placed on the line of sight diagonally If they cannot be attacked on this diagonal the hazardous element is not counted most often it happens when your opponent does not have a bishop of the color of the diagonal Olisov Abdurahmanov Uljanovsk 2009 b c d f g h 4 a ae NETT WM CA 8 j am dat jm a i o f E E TA 000 MM LF a b c d e f g h In Black s position a hazardous element is the location of the king and the queen d7 e8 1 d5 xf3 2 gxf3 297 3 dxc6 Chess Genius Chuzhakin 2012 a c d e h g X d b aW a8 a j PARAR c 4 A s mam Al Zh ire amp amp TAE amp E amp 1 mm Bg DO f g h White uses the HE on 7 d8 my moving 1 Wf2 and won the exchange 14 4 Rook hazardous position of the queen and the king It is counted only if the king and the queen are on the line of sight on the same rank or file without objects that separate them Rook hazard is not counted if there is a friendly rook on the line of the queen and the king in the original position 15 Major pieces shifted more than three ranks relative to their initial position Major pieces are hazardous elements if they are shifted further than the 3 rank relati
14. 3 AE E 4 B amp ho a c d e f Black has a won game 21 g4 Bg6 22 Kg3 h5 23 Bf4 f6 24 Bxe5 fxe5 25 Bd3 Bf 26 95 g6 27 Re2 Bd6 28 Kg2 Kg7 29 Rce1 Re7 30 Nd1 Rf8 31 Nf2 Be8 32 b3 Ref7 33 c4 Rxf3 34 cxd5 cxd5 35 Bb1 Bc6 36 Rd1 R3f4 37 Be4 Bc5 38 Nd3 dxe4 66 0 31 In the next game Capablanca who was very cautious in the opening and didn t perform any combinations smashed up Marshall playing with Black pieces he got an extra pawn and gained a position by move 29 It s interesting that from move 11 to 29 almost every Black s continuation can be considered as maneuvering on hazardous elements Marshall Capablanca New York 1927 1 64 c6 2 d4 d5 3 Ac3 dxe4 4 2xe4 2f5 5 293 2 96 6 f4 e6 7 2Y3 2d6 8 2d3 De7 9 0 0 2d7 Za 7 h van Black plays rather passively but paying attention to the HE on f4 10 amp h1 10 45 is more active 10 c7 attacking the HE on f4 and defending the HE on b711 4e5 d8 creating X ray d1 d812 We2 xd3 This exchange forces the knight to leave the center It is not possible to capture by the queen because of X ray Black will capture on e5 in this case 13 4xd3 0 0 Black completes his development removes the king from X ray and defends the HE on g7 Miki N iE N S XN x see 2 T ura ep s m m E me QUE Nem E 2A AL amp 8 f amp YU E a E aho a b c d e f W d4 f4 B a7 d6 e6 Whi
15. 9 2 d3 f5 10 9 95 We6 White has an advantage o WS ed ine ef I Ae le ry Cro n e Eom E m V7 mM p n n Ja ae 4 4 L Souk ee Se amp as Lm FF i Wee I W c3 c6 d2 e17 2 B a7 d7 ds e4 e7 e8 without a piece Now you cannot play 6 dxc6 6 bxc6 7 Axe4 We7 8 We2 and White has an extra piece The black knight sacrifices itself step after step picking up everything what it comes across on its way The white knight on c6 does the same thing 6 Axc3 7 Axd8 Axd1 8 Axf7 Axf2 46 a b c g h E t ee E 8 eee Daal 7 7 Ww Ze 1 75 45 Z7 4 X G X ZH m 7 EN AARAU AJ UE E ee HB a b c d e h 10 Its quite an unordinary position Desperado continues 9 Zxh8 Axh1 10 amp d3 c5 11 amp xh7 Af2 12 14 d6 13 Sf8 14 2 93 a da wo 2 hed LN 4 Al A amp UU 7 77 dm A M sm p AGAS AT 3 2 ho b c e f g h d 15 47 loses Correct 15 4d2 e6 16 2d3 e3 17 4e2 h6 18 Ag6 f7 19 4f1 Af6 with equality 15 2Ye3 116 Sd2 amp f5 17 Ag5 amp xg6 18 Ae6 Be7 19 Axc5 Axc2 20 2h4 d e8 21 Ae6 Sd7 22 44 Axal 23 Axg6 HeB 24 242 Ac2 25 2M4 Db4 0 1 Carlsen Caruana Moscow 2012 d f g h 2 ON Nem amp Wad a J 7 M s p a7 Y Y ls jay man of m u gan u mam ho i d W b2 c1 d4 c3 e3 f3 B b5 c8 d4 d
16. B a7 a8 b4 c6 c7 c8 d7 287 h Black in his turn clings to White s HE on b2 If White can protect the pawn his position is excellent but he plays better making pressure on the hazardous element the queen on b4 15 a3 Wa4 15 W xb2 16 Xta1 in order to win presumptuous queen HE b2 16 Hb8 if the queen cannot be saved in attacks then we need to check the idea of a counterattack on the HE c7 finally Black can save the queen but he creates a HE on f8 17 Xfb1 Hb7 18 Wc6 Abs 19 Wd6 Wc3 OG n a me 6 A 2 VALET LS wy d s s ia a A a i a 4 a ZA mz H 5 a Cn Se GY a b g h NN e RY 1 Ne White attacks now the HE on h7 to deflect the defensive object on g8 from f8 20 h7 amp xh7 21 Wxf8 16 h3 Af6 17 2Ye5 d7 a b c d e f Na 7 Z l ore 4 Taa t3 M yr yy P 2 amp amas me P 3 5 a b c d e f d h The most hazardous 1s the bishop on d7 he is attacked and protected two times so it s tension coefficient 1s 2 If a hazardous element is attacked and protected the same number of times the greater number of pieces attack and protect it the more difficult it is to retain it The thing is that defensive objects can be attacked in such positions the greater is the number of such objects the more possibilities to attack you have Maneuvering with pieces is often based on this principle
17. Hdd2 43 Van Wely Solak Antalya 2013 a a Um e GY p J 7 d X mM EMO VA i pam a aa 4 a A TE pom m m 2 a ee at a b c d e f g h NS 33 Hxf8 xg5 83 amp xf8 34 Axe6 34 H e8 d amp tf7 35 tag Decoying to bishop hazard Glud Sokolov Warsaw 2013 e acri ri ss yar e Wi Row rama s amp a g 5 ma ire Tm fa clon Jemi 25 A0xd5 26 exf6 exf6 pu c6 28 292 amp xd5 29 2 xd5 Wd6 30 21c7 Wxd5 0 1 HE Transformation You can see this type of operations most often and it is described in a separate chapter Bouwmeester Padevsky TelAviv 1964 a b c d e f e W 7 4 Ws Ee UL WERL F d E RN mee o neces 000 VWZ7777 ARN SS i Z a b c d W d2 d7P d3 3 g4 a B b4 b8 c8 6 ho 1 amp f6 Pa7 2 Uh6 Threatening to win a HE on e5 White created a HE on h8 and made a killing checkmate threat Counterattack When our piece or pawn is attacked it s possible not to attack it but to attack the corresponding enemy object Sometimes attacking is the best defense Sometimes Because in chess this can result in desperado combinations when an enemy piece which you just attacked becomes a desperado piece and begins making sacrifice of itself at any place of the board We will return to this subject below Now let s examine standard counterattacks Muffang Alekhine Paris 1923
18. JE XS SL 0 0 Wc dug m W c2 c3 d4 e B a6 a7 14 Hfe8 Preparing to make pressure on the pawn on e4 Now it is sort of protected three times and attacked one time But if we follow the rules for calculation of attacks and defenses suggested in Chuzhakin s system we can see that the knight on c3 can be attacked and it is not a protector the position of the queen on d4 is not stable either though the queen can move away to d3 in case she is attacked by the pawn The rook on e8 attacks the pawn on e4 through the friendly piece so it is counted as an attack Therefore a HE on e4 is created Note the rook on el it is not protected and is a HE It didn t have any practical meaning in the game but when playing with hazardous elements it s easier to make a blunder and this happened in the game The black pawn on a6 is a HE and you should keep an eye on this pawn as well as the intrusion square on a7 15 f3 b4 16 2Yd5 Axd5 17 Wxd5 a b c d e fgh B UC rds a a PLL UA A ou tnt Pi a os n YI a7 amp a b c d e f g h W 02 d5 el B a6 d7 7 g8 d5 The two last Black s HEs are connected to the centralized position of the white queen that will soon be exchanged White secured on e4 now Black creates HE on b23 6 and al f613 which significantly restrains White s position 7 amp f6 It s not easy for White The bishop is pinned to the pro
19. Position for Self Study Write or record on a voice recorder your thoughts while you are solving this position Compare them with the method of thinking described in the chapter Tasks for Self Study Keys for position Nol a b c d e fg h ing ji X I 6 BOOM MN 5 4 amp OE ES A Se We z x d Hs m f Ps Om m LO X X X be Types of Positions where the system is most effective All positions can be conventionally divided into the following types 1 Positional struggle 2 Tactical struggle with using different elements of a position 3 Attack on the king Now let s see which chess elements are considered in chess literature most often 1 Openings and strategic ideas of playing in certain typical positions 2 Typical endgames 3 Combinations When considering openings and typical endgames there are often variants that include sacrifices and tactical threats typical for these positions As for the literature on tactics up to of all combinations in it are completely or partially directed against the king If you examine games of the strongest grand masters you will see that in most of them there is a precise positional struggle which ends in a draw A violent attack on the king is significantly rare Games between the strongest chess players when the leader is evident often include the following scheme in the beginning there is a quiet positional struggle then a weaker player makes a
20. Standard Methods The following table shows the rules for which standard methods for using HEs are used most often Method Rules Direct use of a certain HE all Double attack 3 9 Playing against defensive object 3 6 7 9 14 DO e Direct attack on DO e Deflection of DO e Interference with the line of attack of DO e Decoying DO to pin e Playing against DO when TH 1 Both sides have crucial HEs 1 2 7 Rule No3 using tension 3 9 coefficient with Deflection of shielding object 3 6 7 8 9 11 Attack by a pinned object 3 7 9 If the king has no free moves or 7 10 has only one move you should search for check Decoying to hazard 3 9 HE Transformation all Counterattack 2 Desperado pieces and pawns 1 2 3 TC e Ambush 7 8 14 16 18 e Desperado e Material advantage Tactical defense crucial Temporary sacrifices Decoying to double attack 3 9 Deflecting a pawn to use pawn 14 hazard This classification of standard methods for using hazardous elements partially reminds a standard typification of tactical operations decoy deflection interference and others but there are some crucial differences In the standard typification it is specified what happened in the combination e g a piece was deflected from the protection of the king or the queen is decoyed to a knight fork In this case we speak about deflection or decoy The problem is that
21. White s position is a bit worse so he begins an exchange operation At first an attack on the defensive object the queen on d7 23 2xb5 23 2xd4 Wxd4 24 9 xb5 Ac3 with Black s advantage 0 s he A Wki r 7 7 Mahe 727 7 77 me R5 p rere E a E u m g i g h And now there is a typical desperado exchanging all pieces and bringing a draw in the endgame 23 xe3 24 2xd7 2xc1 25 xa4 2f4 26 h3 Be5 27 492 f4 28 amp g1 Be5 29 Sg2 f4 30 amp g1 4 Material advantage The side which has a material advantage can sacrifice it without fearing to be left with a smaller number of pieces and pawns Aues NN Berlin 1954 a b d f h am NW Kell ET e E 7 J Ae s e AU Ae V7 7 X el 777 BET als ASM WAA e 77 7 WS a b c d e f g h At first glance Black is going to be checkmated But a beautiful defense is found because White has no rook and his queen is under attack This means any black pieces desperado is possible in order to provide protection from direct threats 1 Wg4 1 9761 2 Gh2 Wxc3 3 W xc3 1 9xf6 2 g3 h8 3 2xf6 2 hxg4 gxf6 0 Spassky Kortschnoj Moscow 1955 2 f g INN NN m m mam span zo nE s SU Ux YUL E OTETTU PIER MARTTA y om om SCA b som wa 2 x E d O White has a hazardous passed pawn Therefore when protecting his king he can sacrifice the queen 1 Wh2 defending from R h3 and promoting
22. You can keep your ideas of using old HEs for many future moves So you should pay more attention to new HEs and to changes in the existing ones Use both the list of HEs and the list of ideas about using HEs Edit these lists after every move When calculating variants use standard methods of using HEs This can be very helpful as they give advice how you should play against HEs of different types Let s start examining ideas how to use White s HEs starting with the ones which appeared last This is 24 the white king in Black s camp it has one square to retreat to this means there is a standard situation on the board HE No7 10 which we studied in the chapter Standard Methods of Using HEs Let s remember recommendation for this type of positions If the king is a hazardous element according to rules 7 and 10 the standard method is searching for check it can result in a checkmate or material advantage If the king has no moves to retreat you can search for check in one two or more moves If there is a possibility to give a check at once or in the future and the king has a square to retreat to it is often correct to block this square in the beginning and then to search for methods to give a check or to deliver checkmate It s not possible to put the king in check at once but you can block the king by moving 1 h5 and then search for check You cannot give check with the rook the knigh
23. a pin e Deflection of the pinning object e Interference with the line of the pin Deflection of a Pinning Object Kjartansson Babula Warsaw 2013 a b c d e f g h 04 e ow UN f M LU AMT W aan I in ar JB a m Rom i f g h The black rook attacks the queen on b7 but it s totally pinned To get rid of the pin with tempo you can sacrifice the black queen 38 Wxe2 39 Wg2 39 2xe2 Hxb7 39 Wxg2 40 amp xg2 c2 0 1 HE No7 No10 Attack on the King with Limited Mobility If the king is a hazardous element according to rules 7 and 10 the standard method is searching for check it can result in a checkmate or material advantage If the king has no moves to retreat you can search for check in one two or more moves If there is a 41 possibility to give a check at once or in future and the king has a square to retreat to it is often correct to block this square in the beginning and then to search for methods to give a check or to deliver checkmate McShane Istratescu London 2013 f a x c LAXE aa aa Ve NM M ur m amp FI E Eom Hubo e f g h The black king has no moves so you can sacrifice any piece to give a check 31 V h6 and Black resigned due to 31 gxh6 32 h7st Fuks NN 1955 b c d f g h LL Ww 4929 5 7 G F Y UE 4 Aa y hb ble vd A Z v Wa Sa s WA 7 ENa VY JT USA
24. an idea of the chess strategy and tactics theory This is a completely new material That s why it will be interesting to both Class A players and Grandmasters Why is this system useful for a chess player Decreasing the number of Confidence blunders Finding Defense in What where and when to calculate unexptected complicated combinations positions e It will considerably reduce the number of blunders especially combination oversights e It will allow you to play with more confidence and make an efficient use of time because there will be less squares on the board which need your attention e t will instruct you when you should calculate tactical variants and when you can do without it e It will help you find unexpected combinations owing to an simple and efficient algorithm e t will tell you how to arrange your pieces to create tactical threats to your opponent e t will me it easier to search for defense in a poor position e It will show a new positional principle for a better strategic maneuvering e It will reduce the number of variants which you have to calculate to analyze a position or chose a move What is new about the system and how is it different from what was known before The main novelty of the system is an idea to create a clear cut list of tactical prerequisites so that the whole tactics or to be more exact 99 of combinations could include the features specified in that list This offers a lot of
25. before the combination is found such typification does not produce exact guidelines about what you should search for It is usually easy to find a combination when you know what it is about in advance For example we read a chapter about interference and search for potential interferences in the examples given below This significantly simplifies searching for tactics It is much more difficult in a real game playing on the board when you don t know not only what possible combinations can be about but you also don t know if there are combinations motives or not So the standard typification is convenient from the methodical point of view but in a real game it is very difficult to typify a position The theory of hazardous elements solves this problem in many ways Typification of using HEs allows searching for a standard tactical solution immediately even before a chess player can calculate if there is a combination here or not 51 Positional Methods of Using Hazardous Elements Playing for creating hazardous elements for your opponent and decreasing the number of your own HEs is a new positional principle We are going to see some examples of such a game In the next chapter this subject will be studied more thoroughly by an example of Capablanca s works Harikrishna Nakamura Wijkaan Zee 2014 P LIT EET aA QM 5 2 2 on 74 M ATL LEE TE aaa CR White has a lot o
26. capable to reach c6 is the knight so you should It turned out that at this moment my opponent missed a checkmate in two moves During the game paid attention that the enemy king was in a tight position and I started searching for a way to deliver checkmate I mean I noticed the motive But naturally was not sure that the checkmate was possible And didn t find the checkmate have no doubt that if found such a position in a book with a task White to move and deliver checkmate in two moves being informed about the possibility of the checkmate would be able to find it for sure Ok it s good that STARTED TO SEARCH for checkmate Vadim Sakharov My answer to the reader Studying the position analytically shows that you should search for checkmate and you searched for it Further how should you search for checkmate or catch another piece not necessarily the king We do not speak about that in the book though we probably should To catch a consider the move 1 4 d8 Decoying to hazard A standard method of playing against HE No3 No3 No9 and others is decoying or another way to force your opponent to move his pieces to a hazardous position Decoying to knight hazard Saric Banikas Warsaw 2013 a b c d e f g h e GFA Ty 8s Pa 77477 lh X y y ale s d a p s 4 ASh 34 Exb2 35 c1 35 amp xb2 Adi 35 d8 36 204
27. correlated with the system of hazardous elements where overprotection is a normal state of the object Non overprotection results in a hazardous element Nimzowitsch suggests overprotection only for the crucial central elements of the position When working with hazardous elements pay special attention also to periphery of the board where hazardous elements occur Basic system is a set of mandatory rules the simplest and fastest for search Extended system is a basic system which is supplemented with new rules A system can be extended by any chess player his peculiarities of 11 playing knowledge and preferences should be taken into account Watch or remove is a term and a rule It means that hazardous elements demand constant monitoring of tactical potentialities connected with them First of all it is necessary to pay attention to your own hazardous elements Chapter 4 Rules for Calculation of Hazardous Elements HE The concept of hazardous elements HE is the most important in the system Hazardous elements show you the key points on the chessboard where combinations can be performed An important advantage of the hazardous element theory is its completeness ALL combinations and tactical motives that can be in practice are directly connected with hazardous elements Hazardous elements are not always a real threat They are only a weather cock which shows from what quarter the wind of tactics can blow Th
28. direct attacks but there is an indirect attack by the queen on dl through its bishop on d3 The number of attacks is 1 Defenses both black knights protect their queen but according to the rule mentioned above the knight on e5 is not taken into account as a protector as it is attacked by the bishop on f4 The knight on f6 is not considered a protector either as it is attacked by the rook on f3 through its bishop on f4 The number of defenses is 0 It turns out that the black queen is attacked one time and protected zero times White is really winning using this circumstance _ 1 8xe5 Exe5 2 Exf6 Eid8 2 gxf6 3 amp xh7 amp xh7 4 Wxd7 3 B83 Taking into account the previous definition it is important to understand what a possibility of moving to expose the line of attack means Note we do not calculate vertical attacks by pieces if they are behind their pawns and there is no possibility to move away the pawn e g by taking a pawn or a piece of the opponent For example we do not take into account the attack of the al rook on the a7 pawn in the original position but we take into account diagonal attacks through pawns and also horizontal attacks to the side the latter happen rarely in practice 10 Amin Areshchenko Antalya 2013 e 77 XX 4 i Sika a jim m S pensat E Gah On e8 we see two attacks through White s bishop and one defense On h7 we calculate the attack by the queen
29. eese nennen 41 Decoying to hazard 5 iie nom RR ER PR DER ERE FERE DER DEI SEE USER ERE PEEL AE EKE Ea e aea 43 Decoying to knight hazard 5 3 i Pe er He e stubs Fes ce De e X PE CH RE EE ERASE ROEA EE ERES 43 Decoying to bishop hazatd 3 te pep e e d c o ri DE P EE ERR ERE Ea AEE EEEE OPER ES 44 HE Transformation sc 2 1 ei err D e HERO ER cays A EE ERIS Fe RE DROPPED DIG Fe EE SER DOO E GREECE EE aE EOE is 44 Counterattack Soari ater t eu o sce tct e een e ceni A SL OD E IM c te EO M sents Dno t Lon 44 Desperado piecesatid pawns 2 ete d eee teca a la eec tob ascites 45 Clearance of Threat Square 5 021 5 et ertet exe te etiem exte xe nibh eee o He bL eee et 46 Ib EL MOMENTE P EM 46 MESE ETOCEYIETH SO 47 Tactical WELENSe 26 c6 oim s QS C eu ELO a aD OP LE DURUM AA et ADU DELI E MR Dea e e rus 48 Temporary Sacrifice a cete terere te ete tote ce atro ete x ete cuta Up ie ete ck teet EAKR EEA AT EN KANES KER NRSA 49 Decoying to double attack eerta Le te ettet niet rote as Hte tenete 49 Deflecting a Pawn to Use Pawn Hazard eeeeesessseeseeeeeeeee enne nnne nnne nennen neret neret nene ener ener enne ennee 50 Combined Usage of HE of Different Types eese enne nennen nennen neret nene nnne ener en nen entere 50 74 Table of Standard Methods ri rte rere ke nere Poo rera e ke dus perra et pano see ine eese epa oben apes svecdoncbs ees eepenecdewvescestessces 51 Chapter 8 Move Calculation Alg
30. f g h The rook on b8 has TC 1 as it is attacked and protected one time by the queen on c7 and the knight on d7 respectively White attacks the defending object the knight on d7 winning the material 25 x7 Wxd7 26 Wxb8 Ab6 27 2xeb In the final position White hits e5 which becomes a HE as per rule 3 3 after the 25 move of Black 3 3 The object which is attacked a greater number of times than it is defended and the value of the attacked and defending object is considerably lower than the value of the attacking ones Palmo Biava 4 Argentina 1994 corr h a b c d g suc Ee a ra En 2 UR aitain TTA 0000 AXT772 ee Bw Black s hazardous element is the overloaded e6 square 1 2Xe6 Black resigned foreseeing fxe6 1 e7 2 9 xd5 2 Wke6 W7 3 Bxt7 Ext7 4 xd5 3 4 The number of attacks is greater than the number of defenses but the attacks are not direct otherwise it would be rule 2 TC with Bulski Varley Warsaw 2013 e E E EE i LEES IEA a Wal MUN r g Pm EAM m m mel m mE Yi Ge TS e opel Yj yy 77 WY e f g h c d Here we see HE 23 4 with TC 1 on a5 The standard way of using this HE is opening the line of attack with tempo first of all with a check 19 X c8 Hxc8 20 Wxa5 MeShane Anand London 2013 TET eg rrr a acia 7 7 WA he 3 i Ws A amp 52 ale pu awe A lE 77 SUA
31. g3 g5 The term knight hazardous implies not only knight hazard but it also explains the gist of events in a metaphorical way the knight is at rest without showing any activity which can be expressed in a double attack or fork while other pieces get into a danger which can become a target for the fast knight The same concerns other pieces and pawns Pawn hazardous objects there is one square between two pieces along the rank for example c3 e3 These pieces can be attacked i a pawn d woe ie ho A 0 82 RE Z a b d e f g h If White moves the Bishop to e3 then it appears in the pawn hazardous position with the Knight c3 and Black wins an extra piece 7 2 37 d5 8 amp b3 d4 Knight hazardous objects the objects which mutual arrangement makes it possible to attack them using a knight fork It makes sense only for two or more objects Knight hazardous pieces are those that are placed on squares of the same color at the distance of not more than 4 squares from each other with the exception of knight hazard free squares which are located along the diagonal and there is one or three squares between them a b c d e f g h Ww Ww w e Vy w w wh UU UF e ww w ws quo uw 5 Ww j uw w w wp UU U e OW Ww wo Ws a g h b c d e f You can see in the diagram some variants of the knight hazardous position of the queen relative to the king on
32. i TE 11 O a f gi h 20 26 gxf6 21 xb 7 Petrosian Labib Antalya 2013 a b c d e f g h 7 7 UL e rd a hh WE Vi U Us ri I m urat Pn B8 YES MM LP A Vita The g7 square is attacked three times and defended twice 31 Axh6 xh6 32 2xg7 1 0 Schmied Aagaard 4 Copenhagen 1995 Y PAS VERE IME IPEA UG ae m s wy a e Ne Sar m OB TA A ETT a UT RE E White has hazardous elements queen c4 knight d4 bishop g5 When a piece defends another piece which is a hazardous element you should attack the former one 1 De5 1 0 Black resigned foreseeing 2 8953 2 Axe6 amp xe6 2 Ukd4 A rook in its original position is not considered as a hazardous element as per rule 3 as long as it is shielded by a pawn along the diagonal these are pawns b2 b7 82 87 4 Exchange Object that is attacked by other object of the same value Pawn by pawn knight by bishop and so on 5 Possibility of an attack According to rule 5 a HE is an object which can be attacked on the next move by an object of a smaller value without sacrificing the attacking object Rowson Svidler London 2013 a b c d e g E Ee l the N e ZY Yala 6 Om a We h 4 77 77 J Eha 77 JY NS p jAR WAS amp O yo j 7 ea Wo 7 AS DO a b c d e f g h In this position Black has tw
33. number of HE in the end game and methods to overcome this problem are an important direction of development of this technique in future A separate issue is sharp tactic positions On the one hand there are usually a great number of HE in them on the other the relative importance of different HE often appears when calculating long variants which in beyond the scope of this technique It is strange but the issues of chess player s thinking process are almost not disclosed in literature The work of A Kotov Chess Player Thinking Secrets describes the algorithm of calculation of variants tree where the choice of possible moves is made by a chess player intuitively In the work by D Nann with a similar title Secrets of Practical Chess certain advice about choosing a possible move for some types of positions is given But still the issue of chess player s thinking process in the area of search for possible moves can be considered totally undisclosed Using HE as guides when calculating long combinations and certain advice and calculation algorithms depending on different types of HE and their pins all these are prospective methods for developing this technique in future 31 Notation of Hazardous Elements To write down hazardous elements it s convenient to use the following form W White s hazardous elements B Black s hazardous elements Usually we list HE in a position from left to right bottom up HE are written down b
34. of a rook on the line of attack of a bishop The hazardous element is counted even if some pieces and pawns block the line of attack Priorities the higher the value of the piece under X ray attack the more hazardous the element Lasker Ed Tartakower New York 1924 The main hazardous element of Black is d1 d5 Owing to it White gains the pawn 1 4 b3 Revealing a line for a discovered attack If Black captures the knight the queen will be captured 1 Wxb3 2 2 04 1 W h5 1 99 c6 2 2135 Wic7 3 Axb7 Wxb7 4 2xh7 GYh7 5 Xxd6 1 W e5 2 f4 W h5 S3 Wxh5 Zyxh5 4 8xh7 amp xh7 5 Xxd6 2 amp xh7 Wxh7 3 Eixd6 Teriblom Valbom 4 Sweden 1972 a b c d Yj Yj e Z o E7 F Ee E7 8 Jiu ik y Jat Aj i Vi Vi NL js ag CU qm BOR Cr d Tw gt BLA 5 E Z ZNO a LP ETE NET mer a ZITAT Black s hazardous elements according to this rule g2 b7 g2 a8 White takes advantage of it in the following way 1 295 xc2 2 xb7 a4 2 hxg5 3 E 3xc2 3 xa8 hxg5 4 Sb7 25 14 hazardous HE Priorities the less number of moves the piece needs to attack the more hazardous the element 14 1 Pawn hazardous pieces A hazardous element is pawn hazardous pieces if an enemy pawn can attack them in one or two moves Baramidze Akobian Antalya 2013 a b c d e f g h AUT eie E Weg Z Us om ro 3 WY n YM ART 7
35. p ow NN UA 77 E MAEZ GA OERD Lm a mie 2 e 38 1163 Creating after exchange HEs on e3 g3 and opening the second rank for the black queen Now his position is rather difficult It was necessary to attack on d3 38 2Ye1 For example 38 Wd5 39 W xg5 Xixd5 40 4 c2 Hd3 41 b4 Hb3 42 Xe3 b2 43 Hc3 As Black s pawn structure is worse it allows White to find weakness and press on it neutralizing big activity of black pieces 38 xe3 39 fxe3 Wb1 s y un M s o 7 4p PE BARK s LE E Bram wa m m Lo White s position is worse it s difficult for him to defend but he can increase pressure on the HE on e6 40 2d4 We4 41 f2 Wed 42 Ae2 and White hold out 40 e4 Now Black attacks the king ie the object that defends the HE on g3 the king on g2 forcing the king to give up the f2 square from which the final double attack on the HEs on f3 and g3 is made Wb2 41 8h3 Wf2 42 e5 Wxf3 43 exd6 Whit 44 494 Wd1 45 2h3 Wxd6 mW WE OB A a We aie se 7 x a mum m mW jan w mus d G a 3 e UU a a o a b c d e f g h Black easily realized an extra pawn 46 h5 c5 47 94 Wd4 48 W f1 amp e7 49 Wf3 Wd5 50 Wc3 e5 51 amp g3 d d6 52 Wc4 Wxc4 53 bxc4 e4 54 amp f4 e3 55 443 d e6 56 e2 d f6 57 443 amp g5 58 amp xe3 amp xg4 59 464 amp xh5 60 d d5 g5 61 amp xc5 g4 62 44 g3 63 4e3 d g4 0 1 71 Chapter 10 Testimonials The most important thing I notice
36. ready to defend his system efficiency in any positions 2 That made a good impression on me as the author did not intend to indulge in wishful thinking and to prove accuracy of his theory using only his own examples Quite on the contrary he gladly investigates all attempts to overturn it The readers can also discuss the system as the book has its own website www neoneuro com where anyone can make comments and offer positions for examining The author is ready to answer the readers questions Ilyja Birjukov International Master Superior Judge of All Russian Category Introduction Have you happened to lose the queen by missing a trivial knight fork Have you been under a double attack When you make a strategic grip do you want to have a system which will minimize all tactical potentialities of your opponent Do you like to use a tactics and want to quickly find hidden sophisticated combinations which make chess really beautiful In this case this book is for you The system described here solves the problem expressed by Max Euwe in the middle of the last century The problem statement is given in the epigraph The work comprises a systematization of tactics problems to use them in a real game The book describes a system which will allow the readers to see with almost mathematical accuracy the main tactical ideas behind the board Whom is the book addressed to The book is intended for a wide range of skilled chess players who have
37. the queen with checkmate threats 1 0 Tuzinskiy Chuzhakin Tula 2012 a b c d e fg h 7 7 AZ Y J Jon a n E AM l Be PA x SA Venere WY MEM En ME A Me ee d e f gh TV eZ P 4 Wu 4 J White to move and he has an extra rook and bishop This means that almost all white pieces have a great degree of desperado Sacrificing two pieces White could win the game 25 2 e6 fxe6 26 Axe6 xe6 27 A xg6 or 25 Ae6 fxe6 26 2 xe6 Hc6 27 28 04 Instead of that he played 25 2e4 And lost Tactical Defense There are often poisoned pawns or pieces in play capturing them causes a counter combination A tactically protected object is a hazardous element if you capture it the enemy object that occupied its place becomes a hazardous element h y TEITI s Et AWAY WA amp e s cae s 4 7 R fa 1 am n ARR 7 HAT EDK wE TEE TAL UNT CU WELT a b c d e f g h W b2 d3 c5 d4 48 B c54 h7 Here is a position from French defense In his last move 6 d3 White left the d4 pawn without defense but it s not possible to win the pawn 6 cxd4 7 cxd4 xd4 8 Axd4 Wxd4 9 p5 winning the queen Spassky Fischer Reykjavik 1972 b cd e f g h e 7 7 amp e La7 7 f ha 7 Of aly 7 MEK 7j 7 uL Z jg LLL ZZ 2 re E amp HAB a b e f g h W b4 cI 2 g2 h2 B a7
38. the book and was used as a basic one for discussion of the whole system of one of chess forums The position is at the intersection of strategy and tactics and there are a lot of interesting ideas and variants in it 57 Alekhine Capablanca World Championship 13th Buenos Aires 34 a b c d e f i x X Le b UAdsiy 77 ae 6 SS KY a jj 3 A WU gu Yj QU E Es TTL as c d e f g h Let s consider the move selection algorithm using the system in this position Calculate Black s HEs a7 b c7 c8 e5 e e7 g7 7 2 Calculate White s HEs a2 a3 c1 e2 f1 9 n3 Black has a greater numbers of HEs We keep this information in mind 3 Select active candidate moves in order to use White s HEs 1 Attack on a2 1 Be6 2 Attack on cl Rel 3 Attack on e2 fl a6 This will create a HE on b6 which can be attacked by White at once moving Qe3 so we exclude it HEs a3 h3 cannot be used at the moment We see we are not winning on the fly 4 Now let s how White can threaten Black has a lot of HEs It s necessary to study if they can be attacked by White Its easy to notice that the black king is unapproachable at the moment But pawn HEs can be attacked by moving Od2 with an idea to move to a5 attacking a7 and e5 This is quite an unpleasant threat This idea is an excellent illustration of the efficiency of the system of hazardous elements It is
39. to the following instruction when calculating every move you make except for the positions known in advance openings and endgame positions Calculating hazardous elements will take approximately 15 minutes of extra time for the game That is why in blitz and in fast chess you cannot use the system completely at the analytical level When time for thinking is limited you should work with hazardous elements mostly at the intuitive level some items of the following algorithm can be missed At the same time in order to use the system intuitively first you should learn how to use it in strict algorithmic order Move Calculation Algorithm 53 Examine how HEs changed after a move was made in the game Add HEs to the lists calculated earlier separately for White and for Black delete and change information about some HEs in the lists In the original position the lists are empty Search for ideas of using your opponent s HEs You can keep your ideas of using old HEs for many future moves So you should pay more attention to new HEs and to changes in the existing ones Use both the list of HEs and the list of ideas about using HEs Edit these lists after every move When calculating variants use standard methods of using HEs This can be very helpful as they give advice how you should play against HEs of different types Similarly to the previous item search for ideas how your opponent can use your HEs Search for strategic ideas and make
40. with is to discover the line of attack with tempo A pawn or a piece which obstructs the line of attack can be sacrificed The most typical case is a sacrifice of the opening piece with a check Nepomniachtchi Shoker Antalya 2013 a b c d e f g h LM a ow 4 dA d iZ g b Wa f A75 7787 fha m ee Oma SAU UA 122227 Mill 2 i Z ho d e f g h On d6 TC 1 the bishop moves away with a check 24 204 bxc4 25 ixd6 Meier Aronian Antalya 2013 f h i Wik tel U 7 E e Maren OE LEM SS S N Ng D SS a N 7 A On h6 there is HE No3 with TC 1 White uses this moving the pawn that shields the line of attack with tempo 25 e4 f7 26 exf5 Axed 27 dxe5 xe5 28 fxe6 Deflection of a Shielding Object The object that shields a crucial square of attack is pinned Defense by a pinned object is not taken into account when calculating HEs Deflection of such an object can be very effective Baron Baramidze Warsaw 2013 e h TV 77 T Z LL Bah eb al WY Vets te ee x Y Yj Ye Venere Ug YM Z Jm ow mW om 4 amp 77 A AR Y P 4 aA BM j Jak 7 ABB d et m a As the b3 pawn is pinned there is one attack and zero defenses on c4 21 2xc4 22 bxc4 xb2F 40 Petrosian L Ami Antalya 2013 Lp E A 5 ur an 5 77 7 77 77 i Ww 72h 0 7 MER OU TO
41. you should try to attack the opponent s hazardous elements even if he can protect them because this not only pins the defensive side but also allows the attacking side to play against defensive objects In the position shown in the diagram there are two defensive objects the knight on f6 and the queen on a4 It s not possible to attack the knight that s why the objective is the queen 18 2c2 Wb5 19 84 Wxb2 20 2xd7 Hac8 21 8 b7 Axd7 22 amp h7 amp xh7 23 xc8 White won the exchange and the game Can we call this a tactical game Rather no than yes because White gave up nothing except for the easily calculated sacrifices of pawns he risked nothing Can we call this a strategic game Also no because White used tactical weakness of the pawn on c6 and other hazardous elements that were of temporary but not strategic nature White did not make any deep positional plans he made pressure on hazardous elements step by step and won the exchange The following Capablanca s game shows the style of playing very well this style includes constant creation of HEs and making pressure on HEs forcing the opponent to make a blunder Shipley Capablanca Philadelphia 1916 1 e4 e5 2 43 Ac6 3 2 b5 a6 4 a4 d6 5 d4 b5 6 amp b3 Axd4 7 Axd4 exd4 8 amp d5 Hb8 9 9 c6 d7 10 2xd7 Wxd7 11 Wxd4 ZY6 12 0 0 2e7 13 21c3 0 0 14 Xt e1 62 a E WI DR 4l jt aaa x Ux Y JaK amp na T ABL uy Es iii UU
42. 2013 a 7 C z a g h sl asi 7 jy Aa 4 AO UU Md n a 4 OFA w So E e A Pawn hazardous position of the queen on b2 and bishop on d2 is defended by the pawn on c3 Black deflects it by attacking the d4 square 17 2Xd4 18 g2 18 cxd4 c3 18 Af5 Combined Usage of HE of Different Types Several different hazardous elements can be used in a combination Adams Istratescu London 2013 d f h LL CL um J oo w 7 7 Y a 7 e x TAX Ys a po y m amp YY V 3 3 A K Nun 2 ai E mi EN a After 27 f5 Black has HEs No3 on e6 and h5 and the king can be placed in check HE No7 1 Owing to the check White s queen managed to intrude with tempo to make a double attack 28 Wa8 amp h7 29 Wes Giri Abdel Razik Antalya 2013 a b c d e fgh 7 Ae ta a mom S S WA 77 A nua ni T5 ABBAS E a b c d f 33 Axh6 gxh6 34 4 g6 Shs bem 1 0 In this case White used the king s weakness rule No 7 3 and rule No 3 as well White was going to use an undefended position of the queen on b6 moving 36 d5 Istratescu Adams London 2013 un jm mam n b MN amp iim 1 HAC rm 5m Nomi a is vw ze jo a f g h Here you can see deflection of the pinned object and after an attack on HE on e2 to destroy the protection of C3 13 2Xd5 14 U d2 S xe2 15 Wxe2 Axc3F Table of
43. 8 Ed1 Black went too far but allowed Capablanca to perform a very sophisticated combination Even if this combination hadn t been found White would have got an extra pawn in a good position anyway It was necessary to attack a white rook in a more simple way with the queen 18 Wa5 19 8c3 amp xc3 20 bxc3 Hg6 21 Ae7 dh8 22 2xg6 fxg6 and realization of an extra pawn presents severe technical difficulties 19 Exd1 xe5 20 Ah6 amp h8 f g h j EN OX wj ini ret e 7 AC uw PG V7 7 gm a a ire rs P EC 2 A C A 7 E arm A ho d e f g h Now White attacks the HE on e5 creating HEs on d8 f7 and e5 h8 for Black 21 U xe5 Wxe5 22 2f7 1 0 Euwe Capablanca London 1922 1 e4 e5 2 4 3 c6 3 amp b5 2X6 4 0 0 d6 5 d4 amp d7 6 2c3 exd4 7 2xd4 2e7 8 He1 0 0 9 2f1 Bes 10 f3 Zxd4 11 U xd4 2e6 65 a b d 2 Jc COWY wj Jiii 28 a qu o o o oun oo OSPAOEL LATE kom l JE M E f p al 4 SE ATL Wh A f mam 0ATA7 LAT z UR Hag o TM 00 NM EM 0000 WEM CU AL 1a l h White controls the space Black refrains from weakness HEs W c2 d4 e1 d4 g1 B b7 12 Wf2 c6 13 2 d2 13 2 3 Wad 14 83 d5 White created a HE on b2 Black makes an immediate attack 13 Wb6 a b c d e f g h E Xa lee hd a wiara 5 moe x s 4 4 a LE j A MS ARAS WA Ale GTTTTUL WETEM 000 UM Lr im 7 mag fo
44. Chuzhakin Evgeny Chuzhakin s System Version Z 14 Hazardous elements find and win A new technique for analyzing positions at the interface of strategy and tactics will considerably improve your playing and prevent you from making blunders Chuzhakin s System Review The book written by Evgeny Chuzhakin is a research study of chess tactics problems The book includes a strict system of search for combinations in practice which allows you to look at our ancient game in a totally different way This is some kind of Mendeleev s table in chess Chuzhakin s System gives a distinct classification of tactical potentialities of any position which makes a combination search significantly simpler The importance of this book is beyond any doubts It was Max Euwe who wrote about the necessity and complication of systematization of tactics problems But until now this part of chess theory remained incomplete Some attempts to develop a clear system of a tactical game were made by Max Euwe himself Jacob Neistadt and other chess theoreticians But despite interesting recommendations which can be really useful in some positions their works did not provide a complete technique to work with tactics in any position This task was solved by Evgeny Chuzhakin who showed us how it is possible to search for combinations rigorously even if a chess player does not have a wide experience or a good combination feeling It is interesting to trace how the system
45. ER e LLL N Ma LN WSK N WE Wem TTT WLLL 7 m AE a b c d e W a7 5 c13 c2 q2 x hl 44 B a7 c2 d7 e6 87 7 25 7 n6 White has a knight under attack Black has the queen under attack It seems the queen should retreat but Black attacks White s queen winning a piece 1 f41 2Wxf4 2 We1 Wg6 2 Xxc2 fxe3 3 H xc8 Axc8 2 hxg5 3 Hixc2 gxf4 0 1 Ragozin Model Leningrad 1932 e f g h a b c d ee a m ri rrr 4 a am i C js mag Wo uM Lan E r Quz PORTS 000 UM NOAN 5G T a A K zm e f g h W a4P a4 b65 b2 c2 d2 el 3 23 without advantage and 2 pawns B a7 b7 d4 e55 e7 Black has a big material advantage but the queen is under attack and if it retreats the knight is lost Black uses counterattack five times one after another and manages to move the knight on d4 out of attack 1 b5 1 21e4 2 ZYcxe4 dxe4 3 Xixe4 winning the knight 2 b4 c5 ou60uuo 2 21c2 3 Wxf8 Axf84 Hxe4 it s a standard desperado scheme as we already noted such sacrifices can be often met in counterattack combination variants 3 Wxc5 d7 now the queen is defended by the knight and an attack on f8 cannot be carried out any longer 4 Wb4 Ac2 5 Exe5 Axb4 Desperado pieces and pawns Desperado objects are those which can give themselves up practically at any place of the board not necessarily to make certai
46. RT 7 SW DO a h b c d e f g 29 W xa5 and Black resigned due to 29 bxa5 30 X xb8 amp f7 the king is forced to take a rook hazardous position with the queen 30 Ae8 31 2xc6 31 b7 HE No6 HE No3 Pin of Under Protected Object When an object is pinned and the number of defenses is the same as the number of attacks this increases the value of a hazardous element In this case you should search for means to make an additional attack or an attack on the defensive object These methods have been already considered but in this part we d like to note the importance of such a pin An attack on such a HE can be made in several moves Let s see an opening position g n c d e f D E i Ee 4 t LX ie Dua s al a d e g h If Black plays 6 g6 leaving the f6 square as HE No3 No6 only for one move White wins making an immediate attack on the DO the queen on d8 7 2 xc6 bxc6 8 65 dxe5 9 Wxd8 Attack with a Pinned Object A pinned object cannot move that s why its attacking potential greatly decreases but not to zero So attacks by a pinned object are taken into account when calculating HEs but defenses are not taken into account If a pinned object attacks an enemy object you should search ways to get rid of the pin with tempo The following ways are possible here e Attack on the pinning object i e attack on a long range piece which created
47. S A a ai UR A Tu Q cu e um W b55 02 d4 el B a7 b7 c7 White has advantage in space Black is able to move away the knight on b5 and the queen on d4 so it s necessary to think about stop squares for them We can 64 think about developing the bishop to f4 g5 or even to b2 then Ead the knight can be returned to c3 before moving it to d5 Capablanca chose another way in every move he created or made a bigger pressure on hazardous elements 11 Wc3 c6 12 Ad4 Ad7 13 05 2f6 Gam i d qu S S mam EM on a 2 EE TM DOIT WEM DOE WD ea a Um W al f6P 37 f5 B b7 c6 d6 g7 g8 14 Wg3 The computer thinks that Black is already mature and suggests winning the pawn by making a double attack on the HEs on b7 and d6 14 97b4 c5 14 2e5 15 f4 Ag6 16 xb7 15 9 14 Instead of that White creates the HE g3 g8 and makes pressure on d6 4 De5 15 amp f4 Wc7 16 E ad1 E ad8 a b c d f p EO e us vs wee 8 TA tabs as uM n mam eS Ae Ui i3 TE Oo d e f gh White was maneuvering against Black s HEs six moves in a row and now he wins with a simple combination 17 Xxd6 attack of the HE on d6 defending the HE on e5 17 xd6 18 2xe5 a b c d e fg 0 y Xt e LN J iW ikih Z Wu UK G AR amp b SS T RAMT v WE p W M 477 EM a W 7 Jed JAB AT BAR p 7 x E e a a 3c 1
48. a classic position calculation using any techniques and knowledge Information about HEs can be used in this stage as auxiliary Monitoring changes in HEs in variants is carried out intuitively Select a move Check for blunders Examine how the intended move can change the list of HEs Calculate how your opponent can use HEs using the standard methods As before give special priority to HEs which appeared after the intended move This is a critical moment that allows you to decrease the number of blunders and to save time We mean if additional HEs did not appear the probability of making a blunder is quite low because using the existing HEs was already calculated in step 5 For example calculate the move Bcl f4 after it a hazardous element appears the b2 pawn We see that the opponent can attack it by moving Qd8 b6 and make a conclusion that the move Bf4 we are thinking about is a mistake and start searching for another move If the move we plan to make can cause forced operations e g exchange or any variant which can change the situation on the board fundamentally it is desirable that you calculate hazardous elements in the positions which will appear after the forced variants end Further similarly to the previous item check the possibility of using HEs and if necessary calculate another candidate move If everything is OK make a move if you find a mistake return to the previous items of the algorithm and continue calculati
49. are is a square that cannot be attacked by pawns Only this definition is used in this book and it was introduced in my system by Nimzowitsch Further definitions imply interactions of pieces and pawns of one of the sides For example the white knight hazardous queen means it is situated in the knight hazardous zone relative to the white king Arrangement of black pieces and pawns is not considered in this case Arrangement of other white pieces and pawns is also not considered Such an abstract and a bit one sided approach lets you significantly save your time Wherever the enemy knight is it is able to be transferred through the whole board in two leaps and deliver the final blow Moreover if the knight has no opponent a pawn can be promoted to it That is why when defending from forks or when preparing a fork it is often better to watch not knights positions but positions of pieces which can be attacked Object is a piece or a pawn Introduced for short Hazardous objects pawn hazardous knight hazardous bishop hazardous rook hazardous These terms are used to denote objects the mutual arrangement of which allows you to double attack them with a piece or a pawn that is specified in the term and has smaller value arrangement of enemy pieces which can make such an attack is not taken into account A rook on the empty board can attack any two squares simultaneously a bishop can attack any two squares of the same color But neith
50. ave a list of all calculation rules at hand The simplified form of the rules is given below and also in the appendix at the very end of the book This was made for your convenience when reading next chapters of the book Brief Rules for Calculation of HE No Description Inner priority General priority 1 Material advantage of your Crucial opponent 2 Object under attack Crucial 3 Object defended and attacked the The greater the number of same number of times or neither attacks and defenses the defended nor attacked more hazardous the element i Tension coefficient TC is Important heni TC with the number of attacks and TC gt 0 defenses if the number is equal or attacks minus defenses with 4 Exchange Important 5 Possibility of an attack made by an Important object of smaller value 6 Pin the higher the value of the Important pinned piece the more hazardous 7 King Mating threat is a crucial HE Important when 7 1 The king is in check 7 2 The last rank is weak possibility of an attack 8 Passed pawn the closer to the promotion Important when square the more hazardous There is a pawn near the promotion square 9 Intrusion squares the most hazardous squares Important are usually those on the last At the discretion of the chess player and the last but one rank 10 Limited mobility the smaller the number of Important when possible
51. b d6 e6 h7 The position is approximately equal White moves the b pawn leaving the h2 pawn under attack he hopes to catch the bishop if it captures the pawn Fischer captures the pawn and lost the game 29 b5 2xh2 30 93 h5 31 amp e2 h4 32 f3 amp e7 33 492 hxg3 34 fxg3 amp xg3 35 d xg3 Soon White won with an extra piece Temporary Sacrifice Combinations often do not result in a big material advantage in real games It is often when combinations are performed to improve a position Capablanca Vidmar NewYork 1927 a W b3 d4 f6 25 B b6 d6 d8 e7 77 g7 At first glance Black s position is hopeless For instance 1 amp d7 2 h4 But still Black manages to escape He starts playing against the f6 HE pushing back the defensive object on g5 1 He8 2 xde Hed 3 amp f4 Xe6 winning back the pawn 4 E xe6 amp xe6 5 g5 d f7 Decoying to double attack Tomczak Laurusas Warsaw 2013 7 EC Y 7 hav waren NN 122227 GTTTTUL IIIR 000 UEM 000 UM E wc m a g h 18 2 xf7 amp xf7 19 Wh5 amp g8 20 Wxh4 49 Deflecting a Pawn to Use Pawn Hazard If pieces are in the pawn hazardous position and there s only one square blocked by a friendly pawn that separates them from a double attack a typical attack is deflection of this pawn an attack on squares it defends Bogosavljevic Godena Warsaw
52. bject the knight on c6 As it is also a hazardous element Black will not be able to defend it here 14 cxb4 d6 If 14 amp xb4 attack along the line with 15 c2 Wd7 16 Xfc1 Black is able to keep material equality for several moves but the HEs c6 and c7 make his position cheerless 15 b5axb5 16 axb5 Hxa1 17 8 xa1 Ab4 Targeting at the HEs on c2 and d3 co SS NS wo e X D N aN INS SS Co Yj YY a ra i manat m Je MARO W OE WA WU du c CER O a b c d e f g h W b5 b4 c2 d3 e3 e474 B d5 e5 d6 f6 18 d4 White has found a good solution he gets the d3 pawn out of attack and attacks the HE on e5 This solution is also interesting 18 a4 creating a HE on b4 and threatening with 79 2 xe5 deflection of defensive object 8 Zixd3 19 b3 attack on the HE on d3 creating X ray b3 g8 19 Ab4 79 2 f4 20 amp xf4 exf4 21 e5 effect of the HE d6 f6 20 2Xxe5 White has an extra pawn Black has some compensation 18 exd4 19 2xxd4 Now the HE on e6 and d8 f8 is hanging 19 Wes Defending e6 and with an eye for the pawn on b5 that becomes a HE 20 Wad Axe4 21 Axe4 dxe4 22 71c6 f 7 Wie le 4 a oa im 7 2 n za na UY WU f g h W a4 27 b4 c6 2 gl h2 B a7 b4 c6 e4 White threatens to win the pawn on e4 due to the critical mass of Black s hazardous elements after move 69 13 Now Magnus star
53. blunder and this allows a stronger player to win a pawn or a piece Why did the loser make a blunder In the majority of other games he does not make such blunders but when playing against stronger chess players he makes them constantly This is a complicated question and the system we offer gives the following answer In a quiet position a chess player considers first of all strategic aspects of struggle without wasting time on calculating unreal combinations In sharp positions it is vice versa the chess player is totally concentrated on the calculation of variants Kotov wrote about this peculiarity in his books he even recommended thinking exactly in this way It is interesting that in sharp positions even 200 point rating advantage does not give a real advantage because the majority of games which strong grand masters lose to masters include this sharp tactical struggle In quiet strategic positions a weaker chess player s inner determination is concentrated on positional struggle first of all That is why he cannot see sometimes simple 2 move combinations At the same time a stronger chess player has advantage using his best knowledge about playing in typical positions a strong chess player examines tactics even in a simple position which allows him to unexpectedly win positional games using tactical methods So a psychological aspect that includes tactical relaxation of a chess player in a simple position is very impor
54. c7or even 13 2 c7 wins with the same variants The move has been selected Let s check if we make a blunder after 11 cxd5 White has a HE f4 g5 11 95 White has a crucial HE on f4 Black has a HE without pawn A standard method when both sides have crucial HEs is to get rid of the crucial HE with tempo that is 12 2xb8 Hxb8 13 dxc6 White has an extra pawn If Black plays g5 g4 the white knight will move to e5 and everything is good Attacks on a3 and f2 make no sense here similarly to the attack on c3 that has already been calculated Check for blunders has been completed I read all this again Some ideas stated above allowed me to search for something new and specify the given variants namely 11 cxd5 exd5 12 Axd5 cxd5 13 2 c7 b6 the move was not specified 14 b4 The main expected variant 11 cxd5 Axc3 12 d6 Ad5 13 dxe7 I play 11 cxd5 It s worth saying that Svetlana Ershova is an opponent of the system Despite the fact that she did not accept the technique her criticism was useful for the development of some aspects of the technique Any scientific theory that brings something fundamentally new to the existing knowledge has to pass the smell test when some specialists seriously try to overturn it So the author is grateful for those who constructively criticized the system on chess forums The following positions taken from the final game Capablanca Alekhine was published in the first version of
55. ce or a pawn is counted Defense by a piece or a pawn which is pinned or attacked at the moment is not counted Defense by pieces which can be attacked by a pawn or a piece of smaller value i e with tempo is not counted either if after retreating they will not be able to protect the point which is calculated at the moment Tension coefficient TC for an object should be calculated as follows e If the object is not attacked and not protected TC 2 0 e If the number of attacks is equal to the number of defenses then TC number of attacks For instance if we have two attacks and two defenses TC 2 e If the number of attacks is greater than the number of defenses then TC is calculated as the number of attacks minus the number of defenses In this case we write TC with For example two attacks and one defense TC 1 The object is considered a hazardous element according to rule 3 in the following cases 3 1 The object which is not attacked and not protected TC 0 3 2 The object which is protected and defended the same number of times TC gt 0 3 3 The objet which is attacked a greater number of times than it is defended and the value of the attacked and defending object is considerably lower than the value of the attacking ones E g a pawn is protected by another pawn and attacked by two pieces In this case the object will not be considered under attack according to critical rule 2 but counted accordin
56. culated in the same way as an attack and defense of an object For instance an intrusion square will be considered a hazardous element also in the case if there is a piece or a pawn of the attacking side between the attacking piece and the intrusion square If this square is crucial for example there is a threat of intrusion into the last or the last but one rank and especially a checkmate threat on the last rank the equal number of defenses and attacks will be considered a hazardous element Should the intrusion squares on the 3 and 4 ranks be taken into account That s an open question If the number of hazardous elements is not great and you have time it is better to count them because such intrusion squares can be of significant positional importance If you do not count these HE this will not result in a combination blunder but that can cause positional errors If there are a lot of intrusion squares the detailed calculation can be often neglected for the optimization of thinking Priorities the most hazardous squares are usually those on the last and the last but one rank Dominguez So Wijk aan Zee 2014 a b c d e f g h us UCM 7 BB Pp P o o e i DEM n Quim A a snam ws WA BURG EA ZU Ae uw B sum melo a b c d e f g h There are intrusions squares near the Black s king f7 h7 h8 are HEs No9 White s rook moves to one of them 19 Eh7 Getting to h7 White
57. d a rule for HE calculation is raised to the power If several rules are used to calculate a HE either all of them are raised to the power or the most crucial of them Looking at chess in the light of HE theory helps you understand how you can play without making blunders and without losing dozens of games and how you can win without making aggressive attacks or a long positional grip This article provides a thorough introduction to hazardous elements as a positional principle of the game The main idea of this principle is to create HEs for your opponent and to protect your own HEs This article also reveals methods of playing against HEs As it is described in the book the system is the most efficient in positional play where you can create tactical chances which are not easy to see in quiet games On the other hand the system helps you avoid making blunders and makes you play more reliably Therefore strange though it may appear games of stable players of positional style are best at illustrating the system based on tactical analyses Jose Raul Capablanca has got the best defeat statistics among all world champions Defeat rate Victory rate Capablanca 6 2 51 Kasparov 6 7 41 Karpov 8 38 Fisher 11 56 Lasker 12 57 Capablanca did not lose any game over a period of eight years 1916 to1924 How is it possible to play without making any blunders To answer this question let s look at the gam
58. d when playing against a much stronger opponent e g programs is that a chess player needs SOMETHING that will let him feel psychologically comfortable I mean no fear of opponent No general knowledge of the game opening theory middlegame positions good endgame skills will make you absolutely confident and calm if you feel that your opponent has advantages in everything When you know a lot you actually know nothing Using this system I don t have apprehension anymore when playing against programs and also people Now even if I lose the reasons for that are other factors not the ones that were before It is important to build up a system to hold on to realizing that it can make the class of game stable even if only psychologically at first sight Though after you study all the details of the system you will become a totally different chess player I mean a chess player being stressed and under a limited control needs a simple and efficient thing but not the legacy of the whole chess world because you ll lose the game sooner than you ll be able to choose something suitable from this legacy In my opinion creation of a clear list of HE for studying and using in practice mechanically is an example of creation of a user manual As I already mentioned before most often it is important not even to win but not to lose I think using this detailed system of HE delivers tremendous results There are some programs I am not interested i
59. don 1932 a 77 E P ZA UA o UM H 255 A Yi 7 White uses HE the intrusion square g6 starting from the attack on the HE c6 calculated according to rule 3 1 xc6 Hxc6 2 Xxc6 and it s not allowed 2 9 xc6 because of 3 Ag6 amp g8 4 Ae7 Arhipkin Prodanov Albana 1977 2 e f F OT e amp t f j iaw EN Vey EN E 77 57 Mi aa m MI dE ai jc Hazardous elements are intrusion squares on h7 and g6 1 f6 hxg5 2 96 1 0 10 Limited mobility of a piece This rule is not applied for pieces reliably protected usually on the last or the last but one rank at home so to say Priorities the smaller the number of possible moves the more hazardous the element 10 1 A piece that does not have any free moves or has only one possible move Such pieces can be often attacked by pawns or mated by enemy pieces Morphy Arnous de Riviere Paris 1863 F Z it fa It seems the black queen is not under threat but it has no moves White uses it to his advantage by smartly sacrificing the bishop 1 2xh6 and it s not allowed 1 Hxh6 2 2Yg5 and the queen is captured Grachev Korolev 4 Serpukhov 2000 i S Ben ED Omen re 7 ERN 4 sasia sp T y E x mm a Jm P In the diagram this point is the queen on h5 which is a hazardous elem
60. e HE on d4 making the knight move away to c6 after that the queen will return to f7 then to f5 or f4 making the pressure on the HEs on b5 and h2 h1 harder It will be not easy for the white knight to be there in time for defense thought White still has advantage 29 4 f3 Adams gave up the pawn without fight It would be better to play 29 21c6 W7 30 We2 disturbing the HE on e6 Now Black s pawn structure is worse but significantly more active pieces and a bishop that looks at both flanks compensate for this disadvantage 29 xb5 30 Ha1 Hd5 31 93 h6 32 We4 Weg 33 42 df7 In most cases it s too risky to move the king to the center in order to protect e6 here White has no enough time to attack it and to prevent developing the black queen 34 Ha2 Was 35 He2 We a b c d e f g h Yj 7 7 7 3 xm Ai WONT TY ITTA a an oe t mie 36 h4 White has serious HEs on b3 d3 and f3 After making a queen trade it will be hard for him his only chance is to press on the main Black s HE that is the pawn on e6 It s impossible to put the knight on d4 at once but it s possible to strengthen the queen s position putting it on one diagonal with the black king 36 U c4 and impossible 36 W f5 37 2Yd4 White retains his position A possible variant 36 9 g8 moving the king out of the dangerous diagonal 37 W e4 c5f7 repeating the moves W t5 37 Wc4 X d3 70 E Bm gt l J 4 es r g kb
61. e breath in two and a half hours The book is very useful for beginners like me and for many others Those who only start studying different strategies and tactics will be very interested to see real examples There are no difficult terms in the book and that is a great plus in learning the material Earlier I never thought of many things when making moves I made blunders when attacked In this book there is a nice description of how to avoid such blunders Now I m already not that bad when I play against computer at the beginner s level which really pleases me The author of the book is a good egg and a real professional Thanks for the nice and easy material I recommend this book to everyone even professionals will be able to pick up a lot of new things from it http www neoneuro com ru chess comment 82 I ve read the demo version and was deeply impressed Honestly it was a bit difficult to go into theory especially taking into account that there is no complete picture provided because some chapters are absent Generally speaking the book is full of theoretical computations that let you look at chess totally different I changed my worldview I don t know how the author could manage it It is really tremendous work I can only imagine how much time was spent for the creation of this book What are the minuses In my opinion it would be nice to reduce the theoretical part But if the author introduces some new ideas in chess t
62. ed to destroy defense and other operations which can be carried out against the key piece Cases when the king is specified as a hazardous element 7 1 The king can be in check on the next move 7 2 The king does not have a luft when the first last rank is not evidently defended Evidence of defense is a subjective value and a chess player can evaluate it as the case may be as a rule there is danger if there is no other piece near the king e g the rook on fl near the king on gl and there are open ranks and files with one or more major pieces of the opponent 7 3 One or more squares near the king are attacked 7 4 When the king is on the line of attack of a long range piece queen rook or bishop including the cases when some pieces or pawns block the line of attack it is counted as an X ray attack rule 13 Gusnik Sofyin 4 Pardubice 2003 a b c d e f g h Ju Le ee ne m m mam JE UE BU f o XU UM MM e P a Bi 71 27s 77 E m m y i a g h Check is a forced move it often allows you to make worse your opponent s position and to improve your own without losing a tempo In the position in the diagram Black managed to do both 1 Gg4 2 amp f1 Sa6 3 4e1 g1 0 1 Stefanova Giddins 4 Antwerp 1997 h a Wee E E s RET Umm mm Oh heh ikih 7 A PAM SE e a En Pa a dom wait a O PTT a b c d e g h This a
63. een is followed by another threat e g a threat to occupy an intrusion square it will be more difficult to defend from the second threat as first of all it s necessary to move the queen from under the attack Protection of hazardous elements often causes formation of new hazardous elements we will see this issue below in the chapter Transformation of Hazardous Elements As a result a tempo game against some HE allow you to play with tempo against other HE You can consider availability of HE as a button If you press it your opponent will be made to defend his pieces If you press two buttons simultaneously or if defense from some buttons or some order of pressing the buttons has not been made up this will result in the advantage of the attacking side Pressure on HE is a kind of initiative and can be considered advantage So calculation of hazardous elements is a mathematical calculation of key position buttons buttons which objectively exist You can only guess why such theories were not proposed before I think the reason can be that the many HE are in the sleep latent mode and they do not affect the position so this means that calculating them can be a waste of time In the theory of hazardous elements this is taken into account already in the title The term hazardous does not mean any available action hazard means a possibility of action That is why calculation of HE is not a waste of time It s like a
64. eh CA Y 7 WM Vg e Yi a amp 5 Ag 4 7 4t 7 y y 4 EW 7 877 UL GY V 7 J amp e al amp AW AB BAe YR o a b c d e f g h 13 b4 2xb4 14 A xd4 z Z DA Vo XB SO Grant Danielsen Warsaw 2013 a b c d e f g h i D aa G UZ e E T 73 ry Z Yi VA M ae al AA Ye Z GY 7 amp Wa as N s amp MAT 7 MN JE om Bal 2 Ew amp dolo quee UM IL A LLLI LLA WN ZEE 1 zt GE d e f gh Deflection of DO for using HE No 8 1 26 2d2 27 Wxd2 b1W 28 xb1 Eixb1 Interference with the DO s line It can be used for long range pieces that are used as defensive objects Dolezal Zvolanek 4 Plzen 2001 d f g 7 7 d Ew TTT77 a Z Wy P 77 A amp amp A tii G Yj p A J Za 4 X57 ul W 7 y NE o 1 fe MED qag In this position White interferes with the defensive object the queen on c2 in order to win tempo This combination can also be considered a double attack and ambush 1 f5 Wf5 2 Wc7 1 0 Decoying DO to a pin Sometimes to win material you can ensnare an important piece to a square where it will pin one of defensive objects Let s see this position b d f g h 7 7 Ei m MINIM a Y 7 ra M ms E m 4 77 77 OU M X4 7 ON BR gm mm a a2 zt E ns a W a8 E h6 On h6 there is HE No3 with TC 1 Using HE a8 and g8
65. ent as per rule 5 1 Wd3 2h6 2 Zh3 Wkg5 3 Ekg5 23 10 2 A bishop or the queen which can move in one direction only Kuzmina Orlova 4 St Petersburg 1997 a b d e f g h 2 TRE EY e E P A Z MURAL CN Lf OI ae Si 47 amp 7 77 7 a7 S Yj 5 7 WAZ 7h 3 7 Yj Yj Yj a IAB A AT NN INA Z 2 A A EES a b c d e f g h TLLA 0 NATTTA The bishop on d5 can move only to b3 another important hazardous element is the queen on d4 as per rule 5 1 c6 2 857 2 293 c5 3 We3 c4 2 Eb7 3 Wxa6 cxd5 Biriukov Novikov Bogoroditsk 2011 f g h RE Ee 1 7 gwk h etm E a ale al NN A HAB TM 7 B aft Erw m a b c d e f g h In this case the pieces with limited mobility are the bishop on e3 and the knight on h4 Though the bishop on e7 is limited it cannot be attacked and is not a HE White attacked Black s HE at once 1 g3 1 f5 Using the HE on e3 Black leaves the knight under attack and starts a strong attack 2 2xc5 Other variants did not save the situation 2 Shi f4 3 amp xc5 dxc5 4 gxh4 f3 5 691 amp xh4 6 Af1 amp g5 7 Exg5 hxg5 8 Ag3 Wf4 9 25 g4 10 hxg4 Wxg4 nnn 2 gxh4 f4 3 2xc5 f3 4 2Mf1 dxc5 5 Ae3 amp xh4 6 d6 e2 7 Ag4 xdi 8 Wxd1 295 9 Xc2 We6 10 Wd5 Wxd5 11 Axd5 0 84 2 dxc5 3 gxh4 Sxh4 4 exf5 Wh5 5 d6 Exf5 e E NE g h a 7 eei LN a jan B eo v p am ZL IZ QU i
66. er bishop nor rook can attack two objects simultaneously in one move with the exception of cases when one of them is already on the line of attack of the attacking piece That is why bishop hazardous objects are those on the same diagonal rook hazardous objects are those on the same file or rank The mentioned above terms make sense only for two or more objects For example you can say that White have two knight hazardous rooks al fl or pawn hazardous knights a3 c3 There is often a checking of mutual arrangement of major pieces relative the king in this case the word king is implied by default and you can say bishop hazardous queen or knight hazardous rook The terms king hazardous or queen hazardous are not introduced because they are the most important pieces and they cannot attack objects of smaller value with tempo As for a potential attack on the king by the queen it can be diagonal which will be taken into account as bishop hazard or along the rank file which will be taken into account as rook hazard Let s see the diagram aS m n Cd EN E ay ow n as CE PA 1 Ay Z Avy 1 A LE E CY Pawn hazardous position of the queen and the king el gl Knight hazardous position of the queen and the king all variants except a7 c5 and e3 Bishop hazardous position of the queen and the king all variants on the diagonal a7 g1 Rook hazardous position of the queen and the king cl el and
67. ere are a lot of rules for calculation of hazardous elements This can be a challenge in the beginning but you have to accept it because this tactical play is very complicated and diverse and it is quite difficult to use a smaller number of rules You should have a good understanding of the following rules and be able to quickly calculate HE based on them 1 Material advantage of your opponent Material advantage can be frequently sacrificed featuring the most unexpected moves For instance if you sacrifice a piece keep in mind that your opponent can sacrifice a piece in return and in any part of the chessboard Priorities crucial HE Alekhine Vidmar Karlsbad 1911 i d aaa al d Er Lu e L1 2 A nm gh mee MAT Af e ZZ GY Wi 1 A m faa A O a b c d e f g h White has an extra knight but his rook and bishop are under attack White will have to sacrifice a piece anyway The most important thing is to do it in the right way 1 b1 1 oxciW 1 Exf7 2 2xb2 2 xed Wr4 3 03 With an extra pawn for White Chigorin Gunsberg Havana 1890 1 WV Uj 4 GY a c d e f g White has an extra piece and finds a winning exchange 1 We6 amp h8 2 2xf5 Wgs 2 xf5 3 WW xc8 3 f4 Wxf5 4 W xf5 Exf5 5 xg2 12 Cvicela Manik 4 Hlohovec 1998 it wal edel a ee Pal TE P sim el I ZT ZZ ls Qu m m PRAES M eran LM ga
68. es of this Cuban chess player in the light of hazardous elements After that we will also examine a modern variant of playing performed by Magnus Carlsen who is the most stable chess player of modern age and a new world champion Let s start with a simple game Capablanca Vidmar London 1922 bres Ee pe a rene CADAT i W m a SS UESTRE C 7 f c d e T g h W MS 037 04 e3 B c6 d5 e7 gg n7 Black to move In 1918 when playing against Marshall Capablanca played here 11 ZYxc3 Black won that game Vidmar s play was worse b6 After the move Black s HE on c6 got very weak with tension coefficient 2 Because of this he would have to capture d5 with the pawn on c6 creating an intrusion square on c7 for White Note HEs on c6 c7 d5 h7 It is these elements White could break through without giving any chance to Black Black already lost the game 12 4 xd5 cxd5 13 2 3 a b c d e jx 2 Ze AWi amp il 4d Ze I 71A y s a a afte ome n N Ook ov ZA a H exe AE Ue E EY c d e f g h Here is a double attack on the HEs on h7 and c7 Black is not able to defend both squares 13 h6 14 W c7 Wb4 61 abcdefgh T Ee je lan E a ih 4 i amp mo mim m um j z d n ds a 5 in a 8 i RA 4e 7 A ZA D g EZB ho lA Lf E ES c d e f g h W a2 b2 c7 d3
69. explains the inward nature of such combinations as deflection double attack or overloading Chuzhakin s System offers chess players several advantages 1 It allows carrying out a quick and qualitative analysis of a position 2 It considerably decreases psychological and emotional stress in a chess player during a real game as in many cases it insures him against blunders and gives clear instructions when it is really necessary to evaluate tactical potentialities and where to search for them 3 When you carry out a tactical analysis of a position the number of elements you have to pay attention to is considerably reduced Without using this system a chess player has to monitor all 64 squares of the chessboard and up to 32 pieces and pawns on it Chuzhakin s System makes it possible to calculate only hazardous elements the number of which in most positions does not exceed five for each side So a chess player acts faster and more effectively 4 Creating hazardous elements for your opponent in due time and defending your own hazardous elements you can control the game which allows you to strengthen the positional constituent where there are no certain combinations but only tactical threats and positional benefits owing to them The book is intended for skillful chess players who came to a standstill in their development even though they had studied chess theory I recommend this book especially to those who make blunders in their games Owin
70. f defenses In this case we write TC with For example two attacks and one defense TC 1 Overloaded element a hazardous element where the number of attacks exceeds the number of defenses and the element is defended by a cheaper material for example a pawn defends another pawn which is attacked by two pieces Overprotection the number of protections is higher than the number of attacks This term introduced by Nimzowitsch in the book called My system is usually given in literature with the following explanation if you protect an element under attack by a greater number of pieces than those that attack him each piece that protects this element becomes free Overprotection is recommended only to crucial first of all central points of a position The pieces which excessively protect a crucial point are considered to be in good strategic positions Here is an example from Nimzowitsch s book My system Nimzowitsch vs Gise 1913 RRETARA EE rrr d ZEN LG 074 e was H ms f O gt A ATA ZEE a b c d e f g h The central point of the positions is e5 On next moves White concentrates three pieces for its protection 1 2d2 De7 2 443 Z6 3 Ze1 b4 4 c3 25 5 2f4 The goal is achieved the central point e5 is overprotected That allowed White to control the center and afterwards to win by attacking the king It s interesting how the idea of overprotection is
71. f good continuations Which should he chose We can say Black has only one hazardous element the bishop on b7 and it is the bishop White makes a pressure upon in his next move 15 Hb1 c4 Black does not surrender and continues to carry out his plan but now he should play cautiously The following was simpler 15 Wc7 16 2e3 Ag4 17 2g5 h6 with a small advantage of White 16 bxc4 Zxc4 17 a4 An attack on the HEs b5 and b7 gives initiative to White a b e f g c FEA X d i har MS 6 jSamaw m ART ACS a on viu RA n bzi B HE b c Li e f g h 17 Wl c7 Nakamura failed and made an unreasonable sacrifice It was better to defend the pawn and simultaneously attack the opponent s hazardous element on c3 17 a5 18 b4 Ad7 19 21 Ac5 with a bit better WhiteZs play 18 axb5 axb5 19 Xxb5 a3 20 XMb3 Axc2 21 Wxc2 Z7 22 2e3 a6 E Tiia Wa A if j 4 amp p jS mAw un BH zn zB 2an GTTTTUL PITT LITT White has a big advantage In his next move he prepared the capture of the a line and won quickly 23 Ha3 b5 24 Heai Exa3 25 xa3 b8 26 Ha7 Wc8 27 h3 Ab6 28 Wel 21c4 29 h6 Wo5 30 Ah5 g7 31 2xg7 Wxa7 32 Wh6 f5 33 Ag5 1 0 52 Chapter 8 Move Calculation Algorithm Now let s study the most interesting part of the system How should you think to be able to use the system on the board It s necessary to adhere
72. from each other For example the king gl and the queen e3 In the latter case the queen is bishop hazardous as the queen and the king are placed on the same diagonal In the diagram you can see a knight hazard free position of the queen relative to the king qum E ow m UL 4 dw e U Ue a A E M P A mM m h 0 WA a b c d e f gh Knight hazard free squares are also those that are situated in one square or three squares diagonally from the enemy knight For example for the knight c1 the knight hazard free squares are a3 e3 and g5 Hazardous element It is a complicated concept calculated by using a set of rules which are given in the chapter Hazardous Elements Gottschall vs Alef 4 a b c d e g I o Ze p UL U Vaal un Pa 2 al a m s n S E E jA2598 7 AH GES E Kip AA le wit ho M 7 ZEE a e f g h Hazardous elements White a2 b2 d4 h3 Black b4 c6 e6 h7 The way they are discovered 1s described in the chapter Hazardous elements In the position in the diagram the decisive attack 1s the one against hazardous elements 1 2xh7 amp xh7 2 Wh5 Sg8 3 266 g6 4 Wh6 White wins the queen and delivers a checkmate The concept of a hazardous element is one of the key concepts in this system where a detailed algorithm for searching and calculating hazardous elements and the technique on how to work with them are given Attack and Defense while calculating haza
73. g to Chuzhakin s System the reader will play with more confidence because he will be able to see tactical potentialities in advance they will not appear all of a sudden from the ocean of variants Evgeny Chuzhakin is not only a chess player but also a programmer and a polymathic and creative person A curious fact every other Russian uses LG or Sumsung products and I know the author of this book as a person who creates and sells to these companies high tech products for using them in Korean offices being an executive officer in the Tula company CADSoft Tools I was amazed how he could increase his chess skills in a very short period of time In autumn 2011 he showed just average results in tournaments taking places Sth to 10th but in spring 2012 he won the Tula championship though he was not even one of the favorites during that time As it turned out later he used a special scientific system during the tournament which he could create using his skills as a programmer If in the theory of the positional game there is some clarity in the area of tactics chess players have a multitude of variants Almost complete absence of clear theoretical recommendations does not make it any easier for a chess player to monitor tactical potentialities Evgeny Chuzhakin managed not only to systemize tactical elements but he could also give an easy to use practical instruction which allows avoiding blunders in practice In 1989 I finished Olympic Reserve School Nol t
74. g to not critical rule 3 TC with 3 4 The number of attacks is greater than the number of defenses but the attacks are not direct otherwise it would be rule 2 TC with ep In practice rule 3 is used for calculating most of the hazardous elements Priorities from lowest 3 1 to highest 3 4 the greater the number of attacks and defenses the more hazardous the element is Examples 3 1 The object which is not attacked and not protected TC 0 Gurevic Kamsky Chicago 1989 a b c d e ORTA 7 n dimi oe JE UE f E ls d s SN Tn 3 2 aA 3 7 44 3 i f 5 i GL s 4 a b c d e f g h White has an unprotected rook on el the knight on g5 is protected one time and attacked one time It s nice to use a double attack on these hazardous elements 1 Wad White resigned foreseeing 2 U c3 b4 14 Christiansen Karpov Wijk aan Zee 1993 SIA c yg rrr P assis A VY 7 Ww a OT 2 nin A EK JE tuu Ver 02M PTET o EM h After 11 c7 or 11 i the position is equal Black made a blunder moving the bishop to d6 now Black has two minor pieces with 0 tension coefficient and White as in the previous example makes a double attack with the queen 12 W d1 1 0 A rook in its original position is not considered as a hazardous element as per rule 3 as long as it 1s shielded by a pawn along the diagonal these are pawns b2 b7 82 g7
75. g5 4 ixe5 a b c d e f g h e os P 4 ia o JE o ar 6 a a ait m Z2 UY 2 UY re 7 Ye 7 Z i i3 1 e g h Black has a piece and two pawns Houdini evaluation 1 5 though it s quite hard to win with such an endgame against a computer The computer s base line is as follows 4 Hd3 5 44 Ha3 6 Ed5 Eka4 7 c5 bxc5 8 Exc5 26 1 50 Let s see a more complicated example On this forum http forum chessglum com viewtopic php f 37 amp t 1572 amp start 2 10 p201749 there was a conversation between the author and the Women International Master Svetlana Ershova where she offered a position to analyze using this technique Garat ooo oo BB E WEM 0 vL eae r ja AM d Gorell EA NAITO a ae You can see the full text of the author s reply and discussion that followed on the website Here we give only the key moments So let s calculate HEs W a3 c3 c4 e4 2 g1 f4 g5 B a5 gt 8 bg c7 d5 e475 e5 e Here I give my thoughts as they appeared in my mind when I was analyzing the game General positional ideas and some calculations are skipped My thoughts Let s have a look at the direct attacks on Black s HEs 11 U 24 11 b4 11 2xb8 11 cd 11 2xe4 It s difficult to evaluate the moves now so we try to remember only the ideas Further White has a HE a knight on e4 is not nice It would be good to remove it e g 11 2Yd2 and afte
76. he Department of Chess I was in the same group as Alisa Galliamova and other top rank chess players under the auspices of M M Judovich and R I Kimelfeld who provided for us a good training in both positional and tactical game After studying Jacob Neistadt s works and those that belong to other tactics experts I came to a conclusion that the center of attention there is typical tactical techniques and often one combination includes several techniques of that kind At the same time there is no description of prerequisites for attacks or it is very short and vague They mostly concentrate on the accumulation of pieces near the enemy king and on free pieces which can be under a double attack But chess is not limited to such combinations Moreover an attack on the king is an obvious threat and any modern chess player can understand that he has to secure the key piece But tactical blunders in chess appear due to poor positions of pieces which let you perform a combination and gain material advantage The most important question here what is a poor position for a piece How should you arrange your pawns and pieces so that you could not run into a combination This book has a solution for this challenging problem It can be done by searching for hazardous elements and analyzing them Being aware of my chess education Evgeny Chuzhakin asked me to make an expert estimation of the system where he suggested a general classification of tactical elements He was
77. here are actually no minuses It s necessary to unlock the potential and a detailed variant is needed to do that Thank you for changing my opinion on chess I am going to make my sons read this book It was great to find such a website on Internet http kasparovchess crestbook com threads 6280 page 7 post 476805 72 I ve become a Class A player recently winning a couple of games I performed there some easy combinations which I could never have found if I hadn t read the book under discussion The book helped me make my dream as a child come true What can be greater than that 73 Contents Chuzhakan s S ystem Review ss i dipende utere estet es 2 Introduction x12 n I EUR pe pete eines 4 Whom 1s the book addressed to 2 one ee e t tert et 4 Why is this system useful for a chess player encensar innse aE EE EEEE EE E EEE anaE 4 What is new about the system and how is it different from what was known before ssssssssssss 5 HEADS qM ES 7 Chapter 3 D Bnittions s ooi eee ette hte dete ette ete dee teret ete PR 8 Chapter 4 Rules for Calculation of Hazardous Elements HE eese nnne 12 1 Material advantage of your opponent eene nne enne e nne en neret neret neret nne enne 12 2 Objects under attack eee e Se ete tene t ee ee 13 3 Unprotected objects a i eee de eee dete teen eendeiutesaeioeieenas 14 4 EX CHAN SE aotem ete ee eee ete et te e ees 17 5c Possibility of an attack
78. if there are a lot of HE certain tactical elements appear and even if they are not correct it s necessary to calculate them First of all you should search for a possibility to attack the hazardous elements extra attacks or captures Logical Sense of Hazardous Elements Logical or physical essence of hazardous elements is the possibility to make your opponent get busy with certain tactical problems or it can be called tempo or chess time gaining in another way E g if a piece is attacked in one move it can be defended in one move If two pieces are attacked in one move it s often not possible to defend them both in one move and one of them is lost Double attack is the simplest case which shows the gist of hazardous elements if there are two unprotected pieces one of them is lost in a double attack because of the lack of time to protect both pieces Another case is a simultaneous attack on a piece and a check In this case it s enough to have one unprotected piece as it s necessary to protect yourself from the check first of all these are the chess rules Check is a forced move a move with tempo with time gaining A similar situation can appear with an advanced position of the queen it can be attacked almost always and with tempo In this case the attacking side attacking the queen makes certain changes on the board and the opponent will defend from the attack on the queen This means that if the attack on the qu
79. ificant than just knowing each tactical element separately Aristotle s famous rule works here the whole is bigger than the sum of its parts Earlier lists of tactical prerequisites and separate instructions what you should pay attention to when searching for tactics from Emanuel Lasker and Max Euwe to Jakow Neistadt and John Nunn these lists had been developing helping chess players search for tactics As those lists did not solve the tactical prerequisites search problem completely it was not easy to use them as a whole Moreover all authors gave a very vague statement for some rules It was not always clear if the king is weak or not or how you should see a poor arrangement of pieces beforehand when you should search for a fork and when for a deflection combination Feedback The official website of the book is www neoneuro com section Chess You can ask questions there make your comments and responses You can also contact the author by e mail info at neoneuro com It is very important for me that every reader find this book useful So if something is not clear or there are points at issue while reading the book please contact me I will be glad to discuss them on the website Chapter 3 Definitions Clause 3 of the Rules if the most simple so we ll start with it every new name should be clear and unique That is why I will not use terms like strong weak so commonly used in chess literature in a general sense A weak squ
80. k 40 4 c5 a3 40 bxc5 41 b6 41 Ab3 a2 42 463 Jones Polgar London 2013 Lu Be d oe sr cg Me J J J ZF UL UL OU Me f 44 d The LATI M M 5 4E kl A va z a a C e After 63 H xd4 the games ended very soon 63 h3 64 L xe4 h2 By the way White could escape by promoting his pawn to a queen E g 1 b6 h3 2 4a7 d g6 3 b7 h2 4 b8 h1W with an equal position Kropp Kunas 4 FRG 1984 a b c d e f gh 7 JT JZ 77 0 M iP 7 UU m quom m m INN C amp mum e f g h The pawn on f4 can become a passer and is a hazardous element White also has two other HE h2 and g3 and he loses because Black attacks these HE making a passed pawn 1 h4 White resigned The draw could be held by 1 amp xh2 2 amp f2 d h3 3 4f3 h4 4 gxh4 amp xh4 5 amp tf4 2 gxh4 f4 3 h5 f3 4 e3 f2 Meessen Cekro 4 Belgium 2005 J E am gt d uu a l NE E LN E man s u He ATE s m ANN E 59 RE a b c d e fgh Here the pawn on f4 can become a passer Another important HE which resulted in Black s advantage is the knight on b6 1 893 2 81 2 Wxg3 Ac5d 3 amp b4 fxg3 2 Axb6 3 amp b4 Wh2 9 Intrusion squares Hazardous elements are intrusion squares An intrusion 21 square is a square in the disposition of forces of the defending side where an enemy piece or pawn can penetrate An attack and defense of the intrusion square are cal
81. k s HEs one after another meanwhile new HEs almost do not appear 1 Wa4 attacking the HE on a7 1 a6 Or 1 2 e6 By scarifying the pawn Black can break into the b3 HE creating a HE on d3 and d2 This allows him to make the game more complicated though his position is lost anyway 2 U xa7 2 b3 3 Hc1 Hd7 4 Wb6 attacking the b3 HE to get rid of the pin on d3 4 8e6 5 dd1 Hfd8 6 2e2 After neutralizing the HE on d2 and d3 White has an extra pawn 2 Wed4 Double attack on HE on e7 and h7 g8 2 9 xe4 3 amp xe4 Now HEs on d7 and d8 are hanging Black doesn t lose the piece only because the white bishop turned out to be a hazardous element 34 g 7 E wee Z P rrrrr Z y rrrrr D 7 ab Z Y Z A A AA e amp 4 amp 7 7 4 je 5 Us Z Y ls ty yy F iy a Y E YE M ZI OTTTT Z td OTTTTE Z Uj Z Yj a 25 4 ZA i E D i d e f g h 3 Hde8 4 Exd7 Exe4 5 Exb7 The result of the operation is the collapse of the HE on b7 Who could think in the original position that this is the pawn Black is not able to keep White has a positional and material advantage which is a guarantee of an easy victory Let s return to the original position a b c d e f LS eae LL D 7A am ita E pitti ruant E s im N NN JA mm n YY amp GY AG AT TIT TUA LTT a E 4 B DO d e f gh Eo RS WE D Owing to the technique it s easy to ca
82. l f3 h3 gives a good material advantage for White The greatest chess players of the world couldn t notice this combination whereas the Hazardous Elements Theory clearly shows the direction of the attack here An accurate calculation of combination is a different matter This subject 1s beyond the system we offer and here we can recommend a method of calculating a variant tree which was given by Kotov Karpov Kortcshnoi Zurich blitz 2006 a b c d e f g h E Ee le VA mm amp W l s amp Ama mo c im m Nam SS le 7 dg TE mum Aho g h W d1 ed E h1 B a5 e54 g6 g6 e4 Karpov played 1 W4d2 without paying attention to the fact that Kortchnoi could make use of hazardous elements After 1 W4d2 the f3 pawn was added to HEs a possibility of checkmate on the first rank became more clear Kortchnoi did not notice the combination and responded with 1 f5 Instead of wining 1 xe4 As a result Karpov won the game Here is a variant from the game of a reader of the first edition of the book Sakharov Barsukov StPetersburg 2012 a b c d e fg AE Ns X Ew utt 000 EEE e re A a sp es d 3 i Hm m m X 058 24 s 2 ZR AE AL n IM EWE NAR 77 A A 177 ZB gj nO a b c d e f g h W a27 e3 B a7 b7 d7 d8 e g8 h The position is interesting because White uses all Blac
83. lculate variants as White just sequentially attacked Black s hazardous elements which could be attacked There is no complicated tactics here no sacrifices no positional game The position is at the intersection of strategy and tactics It s interesting that the 8 quad computer Houdini shows the move 1 W a4 in the first line only after 20 seconds of thinking At first the leader move is as follows 1 h3 White takes away the HE connected with the weakness of the first rank After that the computer shows the following variant where White also attacks Black s HEs in each move 1 Bfe8 2 2h7 Sh8 3 215 Sxf5 4 W xf5 g6 5 Was White has only a small advantage The point is that Black in his first move reduces the number of his HEs and holds out Except 1 Hfe8 Black can play 1 amp e6 1 amp c8 or 1 a6 and White cannot gain a big advantage Chapter 7 Standard Methods of Using HEs Combinations are usually belong to the following types double attack deflection decoy interference checkmate combinations etc It is often convenient to consider combinations types using the theory of hazardous elements A standard double attack is a check and an attack on a piece in other words it is an attack on two hazardous elements If a piece is attacked and an intrusion threat is created this is not completely a double attack though this attack can be strong enough to win In the system of hazardous elements both combinati
84. mine detector which helps you find bombs on the chessboard Many of these bombs are not equipped with a fuse and cannot be exploded at once but still when you keep the field on the chessboard it s very useful to know where the bombs are Let s see some examples Euwe Alekhine Zurich 1934 9 X iw je ir meV a i wis 4 s 4 7 m 7 Yj 3 2 3 ey 3 x s e E m hx val a b c d e f g h W g25 n2 B c7 d6 f6 p Black has a lot of possible moves e g he can remove the HE on h73 by moving 11 h6 Instead of that Black made the following move b6 Creating for him a new HE on a8 As Euwe specifies White could have made use of Black s tactical weakness and won by moving 12 e4 making a threat 13 e5 attacking the pawn hazardous pieces d6 f6 12 dxe4 13 2xe4 Axed 14 2xe4 Add 15 2xh7 with an extra pawn Or 12 e4 Ad7 13 exd5 h6 14 2Ye4 and Black loses due to the weakness on C7 Euwe didn t notice a combination on the board he played 12 b4 and won anyway What can a cold blooded computer say about this 12 e4 Ad7 13 exd5 Af6 and Black holds out But White can play positionally capture the center and start attacking the king 13 0 0 b7 14 e5 Wh6 15 f4 33 a b c d f g h HH 7 7 7 E 77 E ip 8 e J amp 7 m I e 271 Z7 4 A m m ua atr Z p S E n auia a TTA e now the threat to move the rook f
85. moves the more An attack on a piece with limited hazardous mobility 11 Presumptuous piece the higher the value of the Huport nt piece the more hazardous 12 Intruding enemy piece Important when An attack on a piece with limited mobility 13 X rays the higher the value of the piece under X ray attack the Important more hazardous 14 hazardous HE the less number of moves Important the piece needs to attack the At the discretion of the chess player more hazardous B Major pieces shifted more than three ranks relative to their initial position 16 Possibility of stalemate 17 Possibility of Zugzwang PROBE Pod game 30 18 Possibility of theoretical draw During the game you should pay a special attention to new HE which appeared after the last move and to those which will appear after a possible move You should also monitor previous HE whose priority has got higher and in whose structure there have been changes The hierarchy specified in the table is conditional It shows what HE have influence on the result of the game statistically more often But from time to time all HE can become the cause of a victory and defeat That is do not think if in a certain position there are three HE of different types the most important will be the one which is higher in the table this is not true Priority calculation is more complicated than the calculation of HE and is a certain complication of the system f
86. n playing against any longer They are not that advanced but I understand that they have nothing to win me It s the first time it s been interesting to me to play against strong programs I don t have fear of losing anymore Now I say to myself Try to win and even if I lose I don t become upset with it because the quality of the games lost is totally different than it was before I started using HE Of course I don t mean you should refuse from everything and use only HE but for me it is the HE system that was the missing link in the whole game The most important thing is to make the system completed for what it was designed for to make a detailed list and technique of using and calculation But it is almost ready At the moment I use the technique as it is written in the first book Vyacheslav Turovskiy http www neoneuro com ru chess comment 38 Thanks a lot for you work I work as a chess coach for children in the chess school Etude When my pupils start studying strategy they forget about tactics Your approach makes it possible to start assessing the position from searching hazardous elements and to switch to strategy i e a search for a move becomes an integral algorithm Of course it is necessary to increase the number of examples for didactic purposes Tatiana Anatolievna Ogneva http www neoneuro com ru chess comment 80 I ve seen the demo version of the book and was very impressed I ve read it in on
87. n threats but owing to the fact that there are special aspects in a position such as ambush desperado or material advantage There is a concept of desperado rook in the endgame when in order to achieve stalemate a rook starts to sacrifice itself Here the situation is similar but there is an important difference if a desperado rook must give a check the desperado objects we consider here have all freedom of actions and can move where they want e g a piece can be put under a pawn s attack and there is quite a high probability that such a behavior will not result in simple lost of material Reasons for desperado Ambush Ambush allows you to perform a double attack a long range piece in ambush carries out the main attack and a piece or a pawn that breaks up the ambush often becomes a desperado piece This type of play is also considered in the clause Using Tension Coefficient with Torre Lasker Em Moscow 1925 on a a ig A maa a WA 7 A war 4 ZO E m m pA 4 AX UE UN LE La 7 Z ho d e f gh n Attacking HEs on b5 and g8 White creates ambush and performs a beautiful combination called Windmill where the rook becomes a desperado piece which picks up everything on its way 1 amp f6 Wkn5 2 Ekg7 h8 3 Ext7 amp g8 4 Hg7 d amp n8 5 Ekb7 amp g8 6 Lg7 amp h8 7 Hg5 amp h7 8 xh5 The method of breaking up the line is a standard one when there is HE No13
88. ne en neret nne nnne en ner enne 33 Let s see some examples epe dee tene tee dedere te biden eed Eee dere tie e deer Pe 33 Chapter 7 Standard Methods of Using HES 00 ceeceeeccesesecesseecsseecsscecesceeesseecsaeecsacecsneeceseeeesaeessaeecsaeecseesesaeeesaeessaeers 35 Direct Use of Certain HE nde dd eene deh added oe tee derer die EE deri tiet deer Pe EH 35 Double Attack 2 1 tek eden t eene Pl e dett eder eden Plc 36 Playing Against a Defensive Object DO ssr nerro ien erie avere edie nenne e esanari rieti 37 Direct attack On DO iist dae Pe e a e O eels 37 Deflection Of DO oe ue deed deste e e deiade rrearen 37 Interference with the DO s Ime 21 ineat t eeu edet laete e te deed dette de eie ede edet dos 38 Decoying DO to a pii iu ced deed dete tilerdi ete tede rie ete a be desie s e io e dep ice de deberes 38 Playing gainst DO when TC gt 1 uii eet eet em ete e e d e Ebo CERE Qe de Ros 39 When Both Sides Have Crucial HBS 2 eio e ere e tous eic o ope erp dats ep RE RD E DR ELEC EEA 39 Rule No 3 Using Tension Coefficient with 1 iius enne neret EEEE enne nnns 40 Detlection ofa Shieldims Object iii e aed e cous ec o cove e er d cups REDE D subs cuseavsiies 40 HE No6 HE No3 Pin of Under Protected Object sees 41 Attack witha Pinned Object repe e e p re e e E EE EE eto Fe EE ORE EE toys REND D EE SESEK 41 HE No7 No10 Attack on the King with Limited Mobility
89. ng using the same scheme 54 Examples Let s see some examples of thinking which include analytical use of the system in real positions Chess Genius Chuzhakin Tula 2014 6 C4 O AMAA 000 POT PE m m E RE 7 nO a b c d e f g h W b3 d1 c4 g2 B a7 b6 d h6 f5 h5 Here is a entertainment game against a chess program installed on a Smartphone Let s see how Black is thinking in this game The PC made a move 1 f5 Let s remember the scheme of thinking suggested above 1 Examine how HEs changed after a move was made in the game Add HEs to the lists calculated earlier separately for White and for Black delete and change information about some HEs in the lists In the original position the lists are empty Now the white king is a HE as per rule 7 there are squares under attack near the king and as per rule 10 the king has only one free move to g4 HEs on b3 c4 and g2 are kept from the previous position See Black s HEs After White s move f5 and f7 were added A move earlier Black had the following HEs intrusion squares f5 and h5 now we exclude them from the list The following HEs are kept from the previous position aT b6 d h6 Total we have two new lists of HEs the ones which appeared after White s last move are underlined W b3 c4 2 247 B a7 bo dl h6 f5 f7 2 Search for ideas of using your opponent s HEs
90. o HEs 5 b5 d6 f5 and g5 h6 f8 White makes a draw sequentially attacking Black s pieces 16 Ad6 Wg4 17 2h6 Ef6 18 2g5 6 Pin Pinned objects are hazardous elements Priorities the higher the value of the pinned piece and the greater the number of attacks and defenses the more hazardous the element Li Chao Mamedov Antalya 2013 F m E VA y i al e za UTE V amp 7 X f 7 SUIS M 0 As a E a ai PETA von vU 2 zn SM White attacks the defending piece and wins the pinned knight on e3 39 Hf1 Wg3 40 83 Wg5 41 Hexe3 Novichkov Aleksandrov 4 Ramenskoe 1999 wiw X h se mam lam m m jn anata a f a White with tempo deprives Black of a possible defense of a HE the pinned knight on e5 and wins it 1 f6 Wd6 2 Hae1 Ece8 3 Hf5 Masternak Pleasants Warsaw 2013 f g h E m TUA hee ihg e ri a E ar a m 2 i tzA 0 SIDITA B enmng Lo a b c d e f gh 24 e5 1 0 7 King The king is always a hazardous element To make records and calculations simpler hereafter we ll specify the king as a hazardous element only if it is opened or can be attacked For example in the initial position we ll say the number of HE is zero When calculating tactical peculiarities of a position it is always necessary to take into account attacks on the king checks combinations perform
91. oie m 1353 a b c d e f g h 6 Ace4 Hafs 7 Wkc5 xf2 8 7xf2 Exf2 9 WXf2 Exf2 10 amp xf2 We2 11 amp g3 9b70 1 11 Presumptuous objects A hazardous element is a pawn or a piece which is far in the enemy s camp and can be cut off and attacked Nepomniachtchi Kryvoruchko Antalya 2013 UE OW Wen 057 x Je Vja7 Jae lk AX fle iu B aa A S Ou amp Russia vs Ukraine This was the final match of World Team Championship 2013 The three other games 24 ended in a draw so the winner of this game would also bring a victory to his team In the 40th move a new Ukrainian champion carelessly moved the queen to White s camp 40 Wt6 a1 41 Zic3 Hde8 42 Wc2 and Black resigned because there is no defense from 43 4d1 and the queen is caught 12 Intruding enemy piece Priorities intrusion of a rook into the last but one rank and intrusion of a knight into the 3 6 rank are the most hazardous Alekhine Lasker Zuerich 1934 a b c d e f h JN KA l M LM UL UL t l amp CAT M i Camm sm A ESJSE M Ar i ae E M EAT Ea safo dE D iy ogoh The knight on d6 is in strong position and is a hazardous element for Black 1 2M5 h8 2 Wxg6 hxg6 3 Xn3 h6 4 Exh6 13 X ray Location of the king or the queen on the line of attack of a long range piece a rook or a bishop and also location
92. on h5 and by the bishop on e4 because the f5 pawn can move forward opening the bl h7diagonal The attack by Black s rook on e4 is calculated but the attack by the f8 rook on the f vertical is not calculated because the f7 pawn completely blocks the vertical White wins sacrificing a pawn and a piece that block the lines of attack 2 NNI e 25 16 g6 26 2xg6 fxg6 27 W h6 Wxf6 28 Xi xe8 Fa X ray attacks through blocked pawns can be taken into account at the chess player discretion the most important X rays are taken into account in rule 13 which let you avoid making blunders when ignoring such attacks If a piece of the protecting side blocks the line of attack on another piece or a key pawn or an intrusion square the attack on the blocked piece pawn intrusion square is taken into account It is within the discretion of the chess player to determine the importance of pawns and intrusion squares attacked through In most cases it s not necessary to count them for tactics Tension coefficient TC for an object should be calculated as follows e If the object is not attacked and not protected TC 0 e If the number of attacks is equal to the number of defenses then TC number of attacks For instance if we have two attacks and two defenses TC 2 e If the number of attacks is greater than the number of defenses then TC is calculated as the number of attacks minus the number o
93. ons are a double attack on hazardous elements Such unification makes hazardous elements very convenient for a chess player when playing a real game Double attack deflection decoy interference are tactical methods but not motives Until we can see tactical motives we cannot use methods Double attack not just an attack but an attack on something important Deflection from something important Decoy in an important crucial position Interference from making influence on something important This something important means a_ hazardous element The most effective tactics classification is the one that allows you to move from something you see on the board to something you should search that is from certain hazardous elements and their pins to methods of using them Almost all combinations can be expressed through hazardous elements This allows using this technique as a basic one for searching tactical ideas Drawing on hazardous elements and their pins you can develop a great number of standard methods This area is a priority in the development of the system in the future Let s see the most important standard methods below Direct Use of a Certain HE It is the rules that prompt you how to use this hazardous element It is often possible to make a game pressing on a certain HE forcing your opponent to worsen his position Methods to make pressure on HEs follow from the rule and inner priority for r
94. or improving its efficiency At the first stage of studying you can take into account all HE as equal In this case in debut positions and in the positional play you can take into account all hazardous elements The problem appears in sharp tactic positions and end game where the number of HE gets bigger and a problem of choice appears what should you pay attention to first of all At the first stage this choice is made intuitively Calculation and working with priorities is the second stage of studying the methods Priority calculation algorithms let you see the comparative value of hazardous elements and use this information both in the positional maneuvering and in the search for tactics Using priorities allow you to use the technique in the end game where the number of HE gets significantly bigger especially according rules 3 and 9 In the end game the majority of pieces and pawns are often not protected and are HE according to rule 3 but at the same time they are not attacked that is they have a zero tension coefficient When there are no queens this is not so dangerous and in the end game HE No3 can be taken into account only for a tension coefficient gt 0 Intrusion squares are not taken into account in the end game either if there are a lot of them This approach to the technique allows you to use it in the end game the defense from blunders becomes worse and in some cases the technique will miss simple double attacks Appearance of a great
95. orithm esee nene nennen nenne neret nnee nene en nne en nere nene nenne nennen 53 Move Calculation Algorithm eese nennen nennen nennen nene ennne e neret nenen nne e nene ness 53 EXAMPLES sm T 55 Position for Self Study cesesesesecssneseseeceseereneceesenessonevenseseneeeesenecsacesosesesseeaeessanersnsesensseenenessacesesesenes 59 Types of Positions where the system is most effective sess eee nne 59 Chapter 9 Capablanca s Style eeseessesesssseeeeeeeeeenee nennen nennen eneneennesennen en nene there there enne inneren nente nnne 61 Chapter 10 Testimonials rrr term er rb dere Eo ee ro Prep acted sore EE e bP ec o e quementbacaeedboaetbeses 72 Full version is available in Russian at http www neoneuro com downloads chuzhakinsystem2 1 pdf Chuzhakin Evgeny O 2014 75
96. ponent does not have a knight and it is not possible to promote a passed pawn to a knight in one or two moves To decrease the number of hazardous elements for calculation we take into account only that knight hazardous position of pieces which can be attacked in two moves by an enemy knight without taking into account the mutual arrangement of other pieces and pawns of both sides For instance in the original position we do not take into account knight hazard of the rook al and the king e1 but when the black knight appears on c6 this hazardous element should be calculated with due regard to the following condition To make it simpler in opening positions the hazardous element al el a8 e8 and dl h1 d8 h8 should be calculated only in the following cases a when a knight directly attacks point c2 c7 or f2 7 b if points c2 c7 or f2 f7 are insufficiently protected i e they are hazardous elements according to rule 2 3 and 4 Spielmann Dekker Boossum 1934 26 f h a b c d TI x Ve Venere amp amp Meaw We e ae ee amp amp a VM NN JAM DEA Ble 4 YU 7 VE amp Zee ao a b c d e f g h Black has the queen in the knight hazardous position b6 e7 this allows White to gain it 1 Axe6 Sxe6 1 He8 2 8 9g5 xe6 3 24 Sf5 4 Wh7 d xg5 5 Zi3 e g4 6 f3st 1 5e8 2 018 2 244 de7 2 3f5 3 Wh7 d g5 4 Wh5 3 Axd5 Se8 4 Axb6 1 23 dab 1
97. pressure on the c line bishops look at the queen s flank Let s see further 11 cd Axc3 12 d6 White is temporarily without a piece According to Kotov it makes a little Shrub It is not related to the system directly Totally 12 2xd613 2 xd6 There is material equality on the board 13 X1d8 Now the desperado principle works 14 2xb8Hxb8 15 bxc3 White has an extra piece Let s look at other possibilities 12 9 6 I wouldn t like to put a stake on the bishop on d8 because it means a retreat for the queen 13 bxc3 There is an extra pawn on d6 it cannot be lost and White s position is excellent Then we look at desperado Black has to exchange the knight on c3 for any material But there are not even pawns within its scope of action but it can move 12 Ad5 13 dxe7 Axe7 There is material equality but Black s position is worse The queen s flank is not developed White s pieces are in good positions The variants are not simple you can miss something here Generally you can play 11 cd and then depending on Black s response check once again It s also necessary to check this variant 11 cxd5 cxd5 12 b5 With an idea to catch the rook by moving c7 12 0a6 13 Ac7 Maybe the queen can be caught in the variants selected earlier 13 Axc7 14 2xc7 b6 15 b4 It is caught forced the following move 15 amp xb4 It is also possible to play 12 2 d8 In this case the same the move 13
98. r that f2 f3 But this would create a HE on d2 So you d better be attentive White is not afraid of capturing on a3 c3 f2 An attack on HE No5 can be very dangerous g7 g5 g4 It seems Black can already make it Of course having the queen on a5 the attack on the white king is not so scaring but the pawn can break the interaction of White s pieces White can create two new HEs for Black by moving Qb3 b7 and b3 g8 but this will put the queen in a knight hazardous position with the rook on fl But it can be fraught with the knight fork on d2 under some circumstances If we search for tactics for White it can be only against the queen on a5 as it is a HE as per three rules The white bishop cut off the queen from retreating to a6 so you can try to catch the queen clearing the c line and attacking c7 with the bishop Let s try an exchange 56 1 cd ed Further either 12 2 b5 cxb5 13 2 c7 Wa4 14 b3 Wa6 15 a4 b6 at first glance the attack cannot be made Or 12 2xd5 and it s not possible 72 9 xq52 because the queen here is bishop hazardous it can be attacked by 13 204 This means 12 cxd513 2 07 The queen is caught Some tactics has been found Of course Black can curtail it but we keep the idea in mind Let s see some other variants Let s look at other continuation for Black 11 cd Zxc3 or it can be taken by the queen 12 bxc3 exd5 it can be cd 13 c4 Looks like the White stands better You can make
99. rdous elements when you have to find out how many pieces attack and how many pieces defend a square on the chessboard it is required to use the following rules An attack on the element is counted i e added if between the attacking piece and hazardous element there is a piece or a pawn of the attacking side which can move to expose the line of attack When calculating hazardous elements the value of pieces is not taken into account for example if the queen attacks a pawn which is protected by another pawn the attack is counted An attack with a pinned piece or a pawn is counted Defense by a piece or a pawn which is pinned or attacked at the moment is not counted Defense by pieces which can be attacked by a pawn or a piece of smaller value i e with tempo is not counted either if after retreating they will not be able to protect the point which is calculated at the moment It is necessary to note that attacks and defenses are counted in different ways for further calculation of hazardous elements an attack has an advantage over defense For example an attack by a pinned piece is counted but defense by a pinned piece is not Shevchenko vs Arkhireeva 4 Rybinsk 1997 d e f g h Z a b c am Me L Y UG a7 M a aa 7 7 NG i EN n A i PEN am K 7 Gha E wages zm P 2 ewe rite N Ie White to move Calculate the number of attacks and defenses of the d7 point Attacks no
100. s 7 7 4 dm Eom g fo e g White deflects the defensive objects on c5 and f5 from protecting the HE on e7 1 Wxc6 Wxc6 2 21d4 Axd4 3 He7 Cmilyte Ptacnikova Warsaw 2013 A LN cy 8 i 22 A WE 0 WM 0 Wm Wem P yy 4 GY O ia m a 1 a b c d e f g h It is easy to find the first check and a bit more difficult to find the second one 20 2 h7 amp h8 20 Axh7 21 4xg7 21 W xf6 1 0 21 gxf6 22 2xf6 Akopian Shoker Antalya 2013 a b c d e f g 7 M Xi Wit Jak v Ti 4 fe a M MAT ip VA AT J NN ats E Er 5 mao WEM 0 WEM 31 Exg7 Wxg7 31 xg7 32 g5 doh7 33 Wh4 dog8 34 Hgi 32 051 Zd6 33 Exg7 42 Sakharov NN StPetersburg 2012 a b c d h aaa Za 7 UL AUL d a m 7 pal 5 os 4 A Wy ZY Ya V7 726 ma ana 5 y WY a b c d i This is a game of a reader who actively discussed and used the technique which resulted in the formulation of this standard method It is also interesting to read the comment of Vadim Sakharov who describes his ideas and looks for a method to change his thinking process in order to find a correct move in such a position piece with limited mobility you should cut off the ways to retreat for it and then attack it In your position the attack is the move e3 e4 then you should find a way to block the only square for the king to retreat to The only white object which is
101. s in a greater number of positions Sharp positions with hanging pieces attack threats queen catching etc Here HEs help evaluate points which deserve your attention When calculating certain variants again we deal with the problem of HEs change and lack of time to recalculate them in every position Generally in such positions calculating of HEs is a powerful means But don t expect to receive effect at once because your opponent also targets at tactics calculation and his calculation can be correct Positional play in middle game In such positions initiative is usually developed gradually The strongest side tries to make pressure on the opponent s weakness and after that switches to active action to gain material advantage or make an attack on the king The side without advantage fights for equality or for counter play Such positions usually include a lot of tactics in variants though the game can look quiet externally We think the system is most effective in these positions Remember that they are the most complicating in practice and least studied in theory Working with HEs help set and see hidden traps defend weak positions in advance before they become problems prevent unexpected tactical attacks of the opponent and prepare your own attacks 60 Chapter 9 Style Capablanca s We ve also changed the way we record hazardous elements earlier we used tables now we enumerate hazardous elements in line an
102. s through your own pieces possibilities of an attack with tempo on protecting pieces and other peculiarities of the position Typical methods of using hazardous elements for searching tactics A new type of classification of combinations where such methods as deflection decoy defense destruction and others are isolated cases of using hazardous elements We give concrete instructions how you should search for combinations depending on the types of hazardous elements and their interactions Some wordings of the rules can also be considered a novelty in particular the idea to take into account the so called hazard and tension coefficient Earlier the majority of the rules won t be a revelation for the reader For example let s take crucial hazardous elements the opponent material advantage or a piece under attack is dangerous it s evident without the book But the system conclusions drawn from it are not evident e g standard methods of play in case both sides have crucial hazardous elements Algorithms of thinking for a chess player when using this system The following diagram shows how hazardous elements HE are used in a real game when calculating variants The main novelty of the system is an idea to create a clear cut list of tactical prerequisites so that the whole tactics or to be more exact 99 of combinations could include the features specified in that list This offers a lot of advantages that are more sign
103. scape square for the king The computer advices to begin the final maneuver Jb4 d6 d4 right away on the 25th move 26 a3 Wd6 27 23 Wd4 28 Wxd4 Axd4 29 24 amp xc2 with an extra pawn and won position 30 26 Ae3 31 a4 Ad5 32 7xb7 Axf4 33 b4 Ad5 34 bb Q3 35 405 Dxad 36 406 amp f8 37 2xa7 Se7 38 Ac6 Sd6 39 491 f6 40 Sf2 e5 41 2d8 amp d7 42 257 Sc7 43 485 2X3 44 343 Gxb5 45 e4 Ad6 46 4d5 Sd7 47 206 4968 48 2b8 de7 49 4c6 amp f7 50 2d8 e8 68 Carlsen Magnus Carlsen is often compared to Capablanca as he has the same spontaneous style and a low number of defeats If you make 50 error free moves in a row you will make a draw These words of Carlsten shed the light on his original style playing for opponent s mistake Adams Carlsen London 2012 1 e4 e5 2 23 Dc6 3 2b5 a6 4 a4 Af6 5 0 0 2e7 6 d3 b5 7 amp b3 d6 8 44 d7 9 h3 0 0 10 263 e6 11 2 xe6 fxe6 12 Abd2 b4 13 c3 a b c d f au m Nem a ww K WY amis ai uL 7 ZAMM Z 4 Tis 1 oW BW W b2 c3 d3 B b44 c6 e6 13 d5 Black has evident hazardous elements on c6 and e6 the most reliable thing is to defend them with the move 13 W q7 Instead of that Carlsen moves the d pawn creating an additional HE on e5 which allows White to win the pawn The plan here is simple there is a HE on e5 a pawn which is defended and attacked one time This means it s necessary to make pressure on the defensive o
104. t first glance peaceful position which appeared after the fifth move of Black 5 e6 is followed by a fast outcome 6 9xb8 Exb8 7 9b5 d7 7 Ad7 8 De5 gaining a piece 8 dxc5 7 2 The king does not have a luft when the first last rank is not evidently defended Varley Jianu Warsaw 2013 a b c d e f g h X eT GY 7 7 E amp he soe a aaah rro RKMU 227272 iussi PARETET e s s s S mim NO Yj Je M EAR OTTTT Z Wi WEE WU a b c d e f g h In order to use the weakness of the first horizontal Black hits HE 3 26 Xixd3 0 1 Shulman Sandler 4 Baldone 1977 f g Xm m owe je iua al 2 n A a WEM La Fate Tass m P w 7 W b 1 7 7 4 d UL amp 0 a b c d e f g h The king g8 is a hazardous element here 1 8455 Hrs 2 0955 1 0 7 3 One or more squares near the king are attacked Nicevski Ljubojevic Novi Sad 1975 a b c d e fg h E 2 vs X 8 2Wa 2 d amp amp um m m m 5 UN S y 9s LU 7 f LU BA O a b AT me NS S E ME The black king is a hazardous element considering attacked squares e7 and d8 1 2xe6 fxe6 1 b8 2 Axf8 hxg5 3 Axd7 2 Wh5 7 4 When the king is on the line of attack of a long range piece queen rook or bishop including the cases when some pieces or pawns block the line of attack it is counted as an X ray attack rule 13
105. t on d7 and the king on f5 are in the knight hazard free position three moves are required to give check But still if free squares for the white king are not appeared by that time the threat will be strong Calculate 1 h5 2 94 h4 or 2 94 gh and the king is not selected If 2 c5 Af8 3 cxb6 e6 and checkmate with the knight on g7 is 55 inevitable So we see an active continuation therefore we can miss items 3 5 of the Move Calculation Algorithm and proceed to critical item 6 at once 6 Check for blunders After the move 1 h5 Black has the following HEs B aT b6 dI f5 f7 g5 h5 Think how White can use these hazardous elements beginning from the new ones The attacks 2 h4 and 2 g4 were already examined Using the HEs on b6 5 f7 can be carried out by White by attacking 2 c5 this attack has been already considered Using a7 can be carried out either by the movement c4 c5 or by the movement of the a pawn to a5 The latter does not prevent Black from making a checkmate attack Finally d1 is a low risk element which is not crucial here In the game it was 1 h5 The computer realized its mistake at this moment and started playing to solve the problems with as little loss as possible 2 Hb5 It s possible but this one is better 2 H c3 with the same idea to give up a piece and play c4 c5 2 AEB Now there is HE No 3 4 on g5 and White gives up his bishop for two pawns 3 9 xg5 fx
106. tack by sacrificing a pawn 1 b4 Wxb4 2 c3 Wib5 3 2xg7 Huguet Molnar 4 Paris 1963 c LAE im Waar A amp sh 7 ar ZG 4 EAKA A b je Bf 25 o uw la P FES a f g By making the hanging knight on g4 Black counted on an exchange for example 1 Axc6 Axe3 2 2xd8 4 xd1 3 Eaxdi Exd8 with equality But another thing ensued 1 amp xg4 xd4 1 Zxd4 2 8xc8 Wxc8 3 2 xd4 1 xg4 2 Axc6 amp xd1 3 Axd8 c2 4 4xb7 amp xc3 5 bxc3 xe4 6 Aa5 2 xc8 13 2xc3 3 xb7 Sxb2 4 xc6 68 5 Eb1 with an extra piece for White in all variants Such combinations when a piece is sacrificed in order to gain more material as an enemy piece remains under attack are called desperado 3 Unprotected objects A hazardous element is an object that is protected and attacked the same number of times or is neither protected nor attacked The number of attacks and defenses should be calculated according to the rules specified in chapter 3 Let me remind you about these rules An attack on the element is counted i e added if between the attacking piece and hazardous element there is a piece or a pawn of the attacking side which can move to expose the line of attack When calculating hazardous elements the value of pieces is not taken into account for example if the queen attacks a pawn which is protected by another pawn the attack is counted An attack with a pinned pie
107. tant So in which positions is calculation of hazardous elements more effective and in which of them is it less effective Let s start with positions where efficiency of HEs is limited and proceed to those where calculation of HEs produces the best results 1 Quiet positions first of all endgame positions Though there are often a lot of HEs as per rule 3 in them taking into account that there are few pieces and it s difficult for them to defend one another and pawns you can see combinations based on these HEs seldom There is no queen to make a double attack and there is no enemy queen to catch it with a fork In such positions calculations of HEs is equally important and allows you to find tactics hidden even in quiet positions But still efficiency of the system here is minimal 2 Attack on the king When calculating complicating combinations especially those which include a lot of checks and the king is 59 checkmated far from its original position efficiency of HEs is not so evident As a rule in several moves after you start a variant HEs change a lot and it s necessary to calculate them again It s not effective time spending for all variants You must calculate HEs for a current position and for a position after a selected move It s desirable that you calculate them for final positions in complicating variants if you are not sure in evaluation Unfortunately it s not enough time to calculate HE
108. te s position is slightly worse the HEs on f4 and d4 restrain his play 14 amp d2 The move is based on general positional considerations while Black plays more concretely The computer here suggests using HE on d6 and pressing on the Bishop 14 c4 c5 15 b4 b6 16 dxc5 bxc5 17 05 0 11 Or attacking the Bishop by the Knight 14 2e4 c5 15 9 e3 cxd4 16 2xd4 Z5 17 203 amp e7 18 W g4 0 12 14 c5 attacking HE on d4 15 2Ye4 Z 5 If Black captures on d4 then White captures on d6 decoying the queen into HE 5 after which amp b4 wins a piece 16 dxc5 Zxc5 17 Adxc5 amp xc5 18 2c3 Better 18 Axc5 Wxc5 19 8c3 Hdd 20 f2 Hc8 21 Wxc5 0 38 18 204 19 Had a b c d e f g e ai ji z bal ig yi Pr a p J S Ham 4 77 ei ire em EP ri May 67 Black continues the series of exchanges Black takes advantage on the open file because the rook on f1 is engaged in the defense of the HE on 4 19 amp xc3 20 2xc3 Exd1 21 4xd1 d8 22 43 a b c d e f g h E e l amp U 2a Ti uA e JE 4L MAX l s 99 Areh a b c d e f g h W 52 c3 f h17 B a7 c7 e6 5 Move after move Black s advantage becomes greater Black goes on attacking White s hazardous elements 22 Wb6 23 Ed1 Ekd1 24 2xd1 Wb4 25 W f2 a b c d e f g h TV N wo A OC DN OW 25 h5 Black protects the Knight that was a HE as per rule 5 and makes an e
109. tection of the HE on b2 the rook on al has got stuck for a long time all pawns of the queen flank are immovable the rook on el is not protected the only active piece is the queen she can be attacked by three methods so White gets the queen out of attack in advance 18 Wd3 Wb5 Exchanging the only one White s active piece 19 W4xb5 Exb5 Another possibility is to capture with the pawn and then press with the rooks on the a line 20 a3 d e f g a b c h e da 3 2 e Us 4 Veh al 7 DA Z Jas E x A 7 pu o MA zs al B amp Hw It s interesting that White decides to proceed to an open game losing a pawn in most cases 20 b3 Here is a positional technical move in Capablanca s style Capturing on a3 is objectively stronger but it required calculation of a greater number of variants 20 bxa3 21 xa3 amp xb2 And in 224xa6 c3 23 Hd1 b1 Black squeezes White using the vulnerable position of the rook on d1 63 o o ut o 2 C 9 775 74587795778 qu E X Zp iJ un 7 a s 4 Ay ae ri 4 Jes Nar ri NS Qm c d a pe pe Sa Move 23 4 f1 didnt help White protect the king because the check with the bishop on d4 removed this protection In the position shown in the diagram 24 Ha2 Heb8 does not help and White loses the exchange anyway after attacking the pin on cl e g 25 612 b2 After exchange in 21 pa
110. ted in moves and if he has not more than one unblocked pawn you should consider a hazardous element possibility of stalemate Endgame HE Noeckler Kirschner 4 Augsburg 1995 a b c d e f p X E e i Je J is o J one 7 f YRA rrr E mm mo All White s pawns are blocked the king has no moves and there are only two pieces left 1 h8 amp xh8 2 h5 Zh6 3 Ekh6 gxh6 4 97 amp h7 5 98W amp xg8 Stalemate e A UU x E 17 Possibility of Zugzwang A small number of possible moves cause the danger of zugzwang Endgame HE Reinderman Sokolov 4 Wijk aan Zee 1999 i m ON B dom mmy m m mw m jw om m om mmm m m m m m lam m m m M GG la Black can only move the king to b2 and the queen to dl which is a hazardous element a possibility of zugzwang By making his move White puts Black in zugzwang 1 Wc1 Wc1 2 xc1 28 18 Possibility of theoretical draw of HE requires knowledge of typical draw positions Endgame HE If the number of pieces and pawns is small and they are arranged in a special way it is possible to make sacrifices to pass on to a theoretical draw Calculation 29 Chapter 5 Notation of Hazardous Elements Rules in Brief Tables Let s see once again all calculation rules for hazardous elements in short Each rule has been numbered for your convenience When calculating hazardous elements it s convenient to h
111. threatens to take on f7 if the sacrifice would be accepted 19 amp xh7 20 W xf7 19 c4 20 W h4 cxd3 On g7 there are HEs No9 and No3 21 xg74 amp xg7 22J9 h6 amp g8 23 Xh1 f6 24 Wxg6 amp f8 25 h74 19 d4 20 amp c4 We7 20 amp xf3 21 Hxg7 doxg7 22 Wxf7 d h8 23 Wxg6 He7 24 W fg Hg7 25 Wxt3 Wxg5 26 4b1 He8 27 9 b5 Hd8 28 2 d3 21 Wh4 1 0 Black resigns due to 21 amp xf3 22 xg7 amp xg7 23 Wh6 Sg8 24 Wxg6 d f8 25 Wh6 amp g8 26 96 Godena Morozevich Warsaw 2013 mr Lu 0 doe i ori s n e 7 Bm m mam 5 T San m m m m Yj TA GG Jmm WES 0 Umm Um Eam n White s intrusions squares are b2 b3 d1 On b2 we see two attacks and two defenses on dl it is not defended and attacked through the rook These HEs are threateningly used by Black 29 Kb2 30 Wa1 30 Xxb2 Wd1 with a checkmate 30 Xxc2 31 W xd4 W xa3 32 h3 Wb2 0 1 Duras Spielmann Vienna 1907 a b c d e f g h x A M X4 6 s s Wy S e at Ara gpg TR Lg sop p P M PETER YY Y Jan M 4 as Tm md AY legge m jo d e f gh Black s intrusion squares are a6 b7 d7 and d8 the squares under attack near the king are hazardous elements even if the number of defenses exceeds the number of attacks White wins playing on the intrusion squares d8 and b7 22 1 d8 Hxd8 1 amp xd8 2 Ab7 amp c8 3 Axc5 2 2xc5 1 0 Flohr Thomas Lon
112. ti T z amp 4 7 ML ze PETTIR pm m m NN NN m a cot SI PRIIT TTT m x ie B E i Bho a b c d e f g h On f6 there is HE No3 with TC 2 To deflect a defensive object the king on g7 White can move the bishop to h6 but this result only in an exchange of pieces White s goal is a more valuable piece on f6 So White captures on f6 at once and only after that he gives a check with h6 1 xf6 Wxf6 2 2 h6 winning the queen When Both Sides Have Crucial HEs If each side has a crucial HE for example HE No2 or checkmate threat first of all you should consider getting rid from your HE with tempo If we talk about a piece under attack this can be defense of your piece or playing against the attacking object or interference with the line of attack or escape of your piece to a safe position Another type of playing when both sides have crucial HEs pieces under attack is desperado 39 Lasker Em Euwe Nottingham 1936 b c d e f h 7 7 ZZ E Ad 7 AE 7 YY Yy n core 77e san G E 3D Bim m ERA os a fam White and Black have one crucial HE each their knights are under attack Sacrificing a pawn on b4 allows temporary interference with the knight s line of attack with tempo and then by moving to Nc2 getting the crucial HE out of attack also with tempo 1 b4 amp xb4 2 1c2 1 0 Rule No 3 Using Tension Coefficient with A standard method when there is a TC
113. ts playing in full force and effect 22 2 d5 The computer thinks that it s stronger to play 22 2Yxc6 23 bxc6 Wg6 but the move in the game is a blunder Carlsen does not want hard defense without counter chances on e4 and starts attack on the points b5 f2 and white queen 23 Wxe4 ZYxe3 Why playing without a pawn should one exchange an active knight for a white bishop In order to activate a rook If Black starts attacking on the king s flank White s knight on c6 will be in a bad position In the center the knight will be attacked in case it is moved to the king s flank to keep it on b5 is impossible and Black s position can become better as a bishop in open positions is stronger than a knight 24 Wxe3 Hf5 Now it s easier for Black to play the rook can shield the HE on e6 frontally and they attack White s HEs step by step a b c e h E m S awe om mo a Jas cro Sa a al i 5E E MIS i m mum jo f g h W b2 bS c6 3 2 g1 h2 B c6 e6 e8 5 without a pawn 25 4 d4 Hed 26 W p3 Hdd 27 Wc4 Wfr7 28 b3 a b c d e fgh PP e y RN acu cee d e f g h W b5 c4 d4 2 g1 n2 B e6 c4 g8 without a pawn Wd7 The computer does not like this move it suggests 28 h6 29 e1 W f4 30 233 Wt5 31 55f1 c5 32 We2 Xid3 33 b4 S xb4 34 Wxe6 Wxe6 fast equity evaluation 0 21 The idea of the move 28 Wd7 is clear Black presses on th
114. ules 3 and 6 we attract new objects for attack for rule 8 we move a pawn etc making this HE stronger Tal NN 35 Austria 1984 a b c d e f g h Yj 7 WY 7 ua UE e ir a n 1 7 S 7 j 177 7 7 xm I OB A TT VW A f 1 a At jo d f g In this case by making pressure on the HE on f7 White forced blocking of the e7 square to deliver a checkmate 1 W46 1 0 When playing against the pin it is good to attack a HE with tempo Hamitevici Bindrich 4 oe 2000 E m y UK gW wa al lk Abid jo as 4 M j 4 7 77 27 m ir P A J a swe jo T M WAMA 0 O a b c d e g W b23 cI d6 5 e4 B c6 c c7 c15 d6 d7 e6 e7 1 Hoxc6 xc6 2 2d4 Ehd8 3 axc6 Wkc6 4 Ekc6 Ekd1 5 amp xd1 Winning a piece Double Attack In the theory of hazardous elements a double attack is a simultaneous attack on two or more hazardous elements Most often objects for such an attack are unprotected objects and intrusion squares Ziatdinov Akopian 4 Niksic 1991 YY Z rane 7 2rdr2 4 i10 a a 6 7 A A s BEN 8M E BUS f amp ai a b g W a5 5 b13 04 d2 d1 e4 B a6 c7 g8 g3 White has two unprotected rooks and a bishop the king has no free square while the black rook is on the open line The crucial fact is an attack on the three hazardous elements a5 bl gl 1
115. ve to their initial position when on the chessboard there are pieces of smaller value which can attack them For White this means location of major pieces on 4 to 8 ranks for Black 5 to Location of major pieces on these ranks is considered a hazardous element for practical reasons There is no doubt that the queen can be attacked on the three home ranks but the combinations which appear in such cases are always connected with other HE So in order to minimize the number of HE for calculation we use this formal division from 4 to 8 rank for White and from 5 to 1 rank for Black 27 Galliamova Kobalia 4 Samara 2000 a b c d e f g h m 3 j d z T ai m Pr 8 G GY 1 E A ittak P EN UUN 122227 A E EN sr wee KY A 77 7 amp U BU d nO a b c d e fgh The black queen is too far in the enemy s camp and is under attack 1 Z5 xd5 2 cxd5 Wxc3 3 bxc3 Alieva Yudasina 4 Schekino 1985 I ae d e AA f ZA WA UU Vee V LS AT AGY e wr we S AS Big W ts amp 2 x 2 White has a strong attack but Black is to move and he uses the advanced and unprotected position of the queen on h6 to his advantage 1 Wkh2 2 amp xh2 Ha2 White resigned foreseeing 3 amp n3 Eh1 4 amp g4 Exh6 16 Possibility of stalemate If your opponent has not more than two pieces that can be moved if his king is limi
116. very hard to see or to feel intuitively that your opponent 1s preparing a double attack by his next move It s impossible to see it using ordinary calculations if only we do not mean a computer And here a simple system of creation and removal of hazardous elements allows you to control the game without making very complicating calculations 5 Select preventive candidate moves which improve your HEs Do not allow carrying out the maneuver Qd2 Rfd8 defending b7 and creating a HE on e4 Bc6 defending e5 and e7 Rfe8 defending g5 h6 move in the game So we selected 6 candidate moves based on the theory 6 Further we select candidate moves based on classic theories of positional and tactical game Evaluate the candidate moves you already selected additionally Chose which of them will be useful from different points of view As there is a lot of theoretical material and it is beyond the scope of the system we discuss here let s skip it 7 Calculate variants using Kotov s system for example 8 Select a move which we like and check HEs which can appear after we make it If everything is ok 9 Make a move That all By this example you can see very well the scope of the system s application Now let s see the first lines of Houdini 0 11 Rfd8 0 13 Be6 0 14 Rfe8 0 15 h6 0 16 R cl 0 19 Rg8 smart move 0 19 Bc6 6 candidate moves were included in the first 7 lines of Houdini and are considered good 58
117. wn Capablanca decided to attack not the pin on b2 but a HE on c2 amp xb2 White loses the 21 He2 d5 The vulnerable position of the rook became evident 22 c3 dxe4 ja Thi i r amp ip Pin arn m TE aie i a mESAR s w a b c d e f T h Here White could get a defensive position attacking Black s HE on c7 using a temporary pin on e4 due to the unprotected position of the rook on e8 23 2 4 e g 23 Xc5 24 Hxe4 Hxe4 25 fxe4 g5 26 2 93 e5 27 4f2 Sf8 0 22 Instead of that White just captured the pawn and after that his position failed 23 fxe4 Hbed5 24 2f4 now it s too late 24 Xixe4 25 Hxe4 Hxe4 26 2xc7 He2 a b c d e f g h uan mix jam mm h NM p Pann HAS ERST p s amp XA OO a g h The rook on e2 and the bishop on f6 dominate the board Black s position has been won 27 b1 g5 28 93 2e3 29 h1 f6 30 f4 xf4 31 gxf4 a5 32 491 amp f7 33 h4 g6 0 1 The following game shows maneuvering on hazardous elements very well Capablanca Jose Raul Fonaroff Marc C66 New York casual New York 18 06 1918 1 e4 eb 2 43 DAc6 3 2b5 Af6 4 0 0 d6 5 d4 d7 6 Ac3 e7 7 He1 7 d5 with great advantage 7 exd4 8 2xd4 Axd4 9 Wxd4 2xb5 10 2xb5 0 0 c d ae 17117 E w E n AR Kikil un E oun PM E 01111 Z Vel A Y 7 x LL rrr ze Sp v Lj 5 ls WA he N AT NY ELN 7 7 7 pom m om eA E
118. xf7 d b8 Bad for Black 2 amp b6 3 cb a5 3 Hg1 4 amp b2 Ext2 5 Wxf2 Lh 6 47 4 Eb5 amp Sc6 5 Wb7 3 We8 d a7 4 Wi7 Draw An example of attacking an object which defends an intrusion square Nyback Pancevski Warsaw 2013 a b c d e f g h EEEN A NB S VZVtz ja x m iJ tias wi A A Yj b GRM M BA 2 T P i Pal T HB c o C e f ce h 40 Hxe5 1 0 Deflection of DO Ding Liren Kamsky Antalya 2013 Mara C X 0 Ay jh WW Je iret E i f A NT EN MN E OW S po c d e f g h c8 and e5 sqauares are HEs No3 with tension coefficient 2 i e two attacks and two protections The direct attack on the HE on e5 deflects the defensive object the queen on d6 40 Wxe5 Wg6 40 9 xe5 41 2xe5 xe5 37 42 Hxc8 41 W g5 Abrosimov Kirpichnikov Riga 1969 a b c d e fg 7 dg E a n Sa Aa e p m n m ow NNI o0 X E WU LAU 77 LATE o We B 4o f The HE on e7 is protected by the bishop on f8 the HE on f8 by the rook on h8 In the beginning White tries to deflect the DO on h8 from protecting f8 simultaneously attacking e7 which is also a double attack Then White destroys the DO on f8 1 Wh4 E38 the game ended at once 1 Hxh4 2 Hxt84 2 Pkt8 amp xf8 3 W amp h8 BIT 4 gxf3 Svidler Kramnik London 2013 A y FAY 7 x W Xe b
119. y specifying the square or a set of squares which are included in the HE A rule for calculation of the HE is raised to the power Crucial HE can be written in bold If a HE is calculated according to several rules simultaneously all the rules or the most important rules are raised to the power Let s see an example Botvinnik Sharov 1928 a b d f g h Za Yy 7 G Z Xi A 8 e F E 8 7 aro dq B Wiii 7 Z Z e os aa 4 6 sl 4 J Y 77 t 4 s a 5 Gamal 4 i 2 wu WA d wo m a b c d e f g h b 5 e4 g4 b2 Y b8 c7 c7 e7 f6 g3 g8P 27 g8 h6 h7 White has great advantage in the number of hazardous elements Besides he has two crucial HE that s why they have to take certain actions Knight hazard of major pieces as per rule 10 is given here for the pieces c7 e7 because they can be attacked by the knight in two moves whereas the knight hazardous elements b8 c7 al el and gl g3cannot be attacked in two moves that s why they are not shown in the list White has no dark squared bishop and that devaluates the bishop hazard b8 c7 according to rule14 White uses the HE on c7 f6 g7 and g3 g8 deflecting the queen on e7 twice from protection of the HE on c7 which allows making a double attack 1 4 6 amp h8 2 2e8 Weg 3 Wxc7 1 0 32 Chapter 6 How to Use Hazardous Elements If there are HE this is not a guarantee of tactical possibilities However

Chuzhakin`s System Review

Contents

Download Pdf Manuals

Related Search

Related Contents