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2008 Allied Biological`s - Eagle Lake Property Owner`s Inc.

1. eu en will be asked if you want to abort the calibration Press the 2 m the pee m c see Appen oi cent the call B for computer 4 d down arrow to abort or accept the calibration respec TERRE DIS button 3 times is 4 Press ENT 5 times to start the data Pre wh ini screen If at anytime during steps 1 4 you want to stop the calibra the Home sore tion press 5 This will return you to the Home screen 373 Erase Data and will default the instrument to the previous calibration Pres r button 4times 2 Press lt ENT gt 5 times to erase all logged data Sample Analysis 3 Press lt ESC gt when finished to return to the Home screen Insert your sample 2 Presseither READ button The instrument will autorange then measure and average the fluorescence 38 Diagnostic Information 1 Press lt DIAG gt to access the diagnostic screens signal over 5 second interval 28712221 the number of data points available 3 The result will be displayed at the top and center of the pe Ru dara logging Home screen 3 Press lt ENT gt to toggle to the FS Full Scale values from 4 top left corner will display WAIT for 5 seconds 2 the calibration and Bu ud Once WAIT disappears another sample reading can be non finished to return to the Horae screen performed Internal Data Logging IDL This is an o
2. RESTORING NATIVE VEGETATION IN A EURASIAN WATER MILFOIL DOMINATED PLANT COMMUNITY USING THE HERBICIDE TRICLOPYR D GETSINGER t E TURNER J D MADSEN AND M D NETHERLAND Environmental Laboratory US Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station USAEWES Vicksburg MS 39180 USA 2 AScI Corporation USAEWES Trotter Shoals Limnological Research Facility Calhoun Falls SC 29628 USA 3USAEWES Lewisville Aquatic Ecosystem Research Facility Lewisville TX 75056 USA ABSTRACT In an effort to evaluate the selective control of the exotic weed Eurasian water milfoil Myriophyllum spicatum L and to assess the recovery and restoration of the native submersed plant community a 6 ha river and 4 ha cove plot were treated with the herbicide triclopyr at application rates of 2 5 and 1 75 mg l respectively in the Pend Oreille River WA in August 1991 Water exchange half lives within the plots were measured using rhodamine WT dye river 11 2 20h cove 2 52 h and triclopyr dissipation rates were also calculated river 1 2 19h cove 11 2 53 h Triclopyr concentrations were below the proposed potable water tolerance level 0 5 mg l within the river treatment plot by 3 days after treatment 0 01 to 0 41 mg l and 675 m downstream of that plot by 1 day after treatment lt 0 01 to 0 47 mg l Following the cove treatment triclopyr residues ranged from 0 12 to 0 29 mg l by 7 days after treatment and from lt 0 01 to 0 06 m
3. Toxicol 32 497 502 Getsinger K D 1993 Long Lake project chemical control technology transfer Proceedings 27th Annual Meeting Aquatic Plant Control Research Program Miscellaneous Paper A 92 2 US Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station Vicksburg MS 10 16 Getsinger K D and Westerdahl H E 1984 Field evaluation of Garlon 3A triclopyr and 14 ACE B 2 4 D BEE for the control of Eurasian watermilfoil Miscellaneous Paper A 84 5 US Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station Vicksburg MS 12 pp Getsinger K D Fox A M and Haller W T 1992 Controlling submersed plants in flowing water systems Proceedings 26th Annual Meeting Aquatic Plant Control Research Program Miscellaneous Paper A 92 2 US Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station Vicksburg MS pp 103 105 Getsinger K D Sisneros D and Turner E G 1993 Use of water exchange information to improve chemical control of Eurasian watermilfoil in Pacific Northwest rivers Technical Report A 93 1 US Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station Vicksburg MS 26 pp Grace J B and Wetzel R G 1978 The production biology of Eurasian watermilfoil Myriophyllum spicatum L a review J Aquat Plant Manage 16 1 11 Green W R Westerdahl E Joyce J C and Haller W T 1989 Triclopyr Garlon dissipation in Lake Seminole Georgia Miscellaneous Paper A 89 2 US Army Engineer Waterways Exper
4. o 2 lt 400 a 200 Lu PRE 4WK 1YR 2YR PRE 4WK 1YR 2YR PRE 4WK 1YR 2YR Figure 4 Plant community biomass at three study plots in the Pend Oreille River A total community biomass B Eurasian water milfoil biomass C native community biomass Letters indicate significant difference at the p 0 05 level using ANOVA Bonferroni LSD Treatment efficacy plant biomass Total biomass An examination of total biomass alone Figure 4A indicates that although the triclopyr treatment significantly reduced the amount of plants present in both plots four weeks after application there was no effect on total community biomass one and two years post treatment In this respect the triclopyr treatment had no long term effect on plant productivity However closer inspection shows that the composition of biomass within the triclopyr treated submersed plant community was significantly effected over the long term Milfoil biomass Milfoil biomass in the untreated river reference plot maintained constant levels with the exception of higher biomass during the first year after treatment Figure 4B In contrast milfoil biomass was considerably reduced in both the river and cove treatment plots up to two years post treatment The amount of 1997 by John Wiley amp Sons Ltd Regul Rivers Res Mgmt Vol 13 357 375 1997 RESTORING NATIVE VEGETATION 369 milfoil at four weeks post treatment was 1 of pretreatment levels in both
5. 1 Activate Data Logging 12 372 DownloadDoata n Erase Data iiem I2 Diagnostic Information M 4 General Considerations for Analysis 41 Handling Samples RA AI 42 Linear Range and Quenching ee 43 Temperature Considerations 15 44 Positioning Samples 15 45 Data Quality 5 Warranty LEEDS riin 16 5 1 17 53 Out of Warranty Service 18 Aquafluor User s Manual 1 Introduction Appendices 3 SS LI Description A Instrument Specifications IRE The Aquafluor is a dual channel mini fluorometer Al General Specifications 19 5 designed for quick easy and accurate fluorescence and turbidity measurements When properly calibrated with a standard of known concentration the Aquafluor displays the actual concentration of the compound B Internal Data Logging Bl Shipping Checklist ss 20 B2 Hardware Requirements H3 Installntisiti RU B4 Connecting aS 3 B5 Real Time Data Transfer 2 IDL Troubleshooting rRNA o L2 Inspection and Setup 1 2 1 Inspection Upon
6. 32 mg l respectively Table IV Residues at both of these stations were near or below detection by 1 day after treatment Based on these triclopyr levels little off target injury and or milfoil control was expected As shown in the river treatment these low downstream triclopyr residues indicate that the proposed potable water tolerance level 0 5 mg l set back distances of 400 800 m are appropriate for triclopyr applications in relatively quiescent coves of slow flowing rivers River reference plot No triclopyr residues were detected in the untreated upstream river reference plot at pretreatment 8 and 24 hours after treatment In addition dye was never detected at the downstream edge of the river reference plot nor anywhere inside the plot during the seven day post treatment sampling period These results showed that there was no upstream migration of the chemicals from the river treatment plot and no milfoil injury and or control was anticipated 1997 by John Wiley amp Sons Ltd Regul Rivers Res Mgmt Vol 13 357 375 1997 368 K D GETSINGER ET AL A TOTAL PM RIVER REFERENCE ae 600 2 COVE TREATMENT o lt 400 o co z lt 200 PRE 4WK TYR 2YR PRE 4WK 1YR 2YR PRE 4WK 1YR 2YR B MILFOIL E RIVER REFERENCE RIVER TREATMENT o Uu o 20 2 PRE 4WK 1YR 2YR PRE 4WK 1YR 2YR PRE 4WK 1YR 2YR 2 NATIVE 600 RIVER REFERENCE E o COVE TREATMENT
7. 3845 0 03444 96 5 20 1 1 2 all triclopyr exp 9 7465 0 25141 96 3 2 7 dye 4 8482 0 44291 88 61 1 6 344 all triclopyr exp 7 6267 0 04341 68 61 15 9 dye exp 2 4227 0 05181 82 4 13 4 5 6 all triclopyr exp 8 1225 0 02881 95 4 24 0 dye dye exp 2 0113 0 020617 52 35 34 2 1 6 triclopyr exp 8 4471 0 04782 98 4 14 9 dye exp 2 7603 0 04661 99 5 14 5 1 6 lower triclopyr exp 7 8012 0 02621 84 7 26 4 dye exp 1 8864 0 02221 77 1 31 3 Cove Plot 1 3 all triclopyr exp 7 4469 0 01311 87 6 52 7 dye exp 1 9417 0 01338 87 4 52 0 1 3 all triclopyr exp 7 5279 0 01442 87 6 52 7 dye exp 2 0490 0 014817 87 4 52 0 1 3 all triclopyr 7 3881 0 012117 89 1 57 3 dye exp 1 8391 0 01202 88 1 57 7 Chemical concentration ug l at time f exp intercept slope t t p 0 017 0 021 8p 0 066 suggesting that laminar flow patterns and perhaps triclopyr degradation rates were dissimilar in these different layers of the water column Downstream river treatment plot Aqueous triclopyr residues peaked at Stations 7 and 7a located 300m downstream from the northern edge of the river treatment plot at 1 20 mg l 1 day after treatment and 0 42 mg l 8h after treatment respectively Table IV Based on these residues some off target injury and or milfoil control was expected downstream of the r
8. 4 575 00 4 Dye Monitoring Two field technicians One boat not the dye application boat 16 sample sites 3 depths site need pump array or Kemmerer sampler and cleaning equipment 6 sampling Events 4 hours after treatment AT 8 hours AT 1 day AT 2 days AT 3 days AT and 6 days AT Fluorometer Rental 200 day x 8 days 1600 00 Total Cost 10 600 00 5 Turbidity Curtain Removal and Storage Allied Biological Inc Five field technicians Two boats Two days Travel 8 hours Transportation of Curtain to Indoor Storage cost X Indoor Storage from time of removal until herbicide treatment the following year 9 months Total Cost 9 900 00 plus cost of the two 10 by 20 storage units Total Project Cost Sections 1 through 5 above 87 887 50 Aui dco To ud m Le eie m gt 37 38 39 40 CUR 28 LI Eagle Lake Eurasian Water Milfoil Bed Locations Essex County NY 580 Rockport Road Hackettstown NJ 07840 908 850 0303 FAX 850 4994 Eagle Lake NY Herbicide Containment Study _ m jh porn n a ih 4 1 Containment 1 Two 300 foot sections 0 300 600 1 200 Feet Containment 2 One 300 foot and One 450 foot section Containment 3 Four 300 foot sections Dye Sample Site Biological KEYSTONE SAFETY DATA SHEET Keystone Aniline Corporation www dyes com Corporate Headquarters Manufacturing Facility 24 Hour Emergency Phones 2501 Wes
9. 8 triclopyr acid equivalent ae using a conventional submersed application technique The herbicide was injected 30 60 cm below the surface of the water using a pressurized diaphragm pump fitted with a 208 litre 55 gallon holding tank and a manifold with six hoses 60 cm length attached at 30 cm intervals Tee jet 6 nozzles affixed to the ends of the hoses provided an average nozzle output of 2 3 l min at a pressure of 206 kPa 30 psi The manifold was stern mounted on an airboat allowing the nozzles to penetrate the water column to a depth of 20 30 cm and providing a 2 4 m application swath width The river treatment plot was treated as four subplots 1 5 ha each with the application beginning in the downstream subplot 0800 hours and once completed proceeding upstream until the entire 6 ha plot was treated 1997 by John Wiley amp Sons Ltd Regul Rivers Res Mgmt Vol 13 357 375 1997 362 K D GETSINGER ET AL H0 SAMPLING STATION MILF OIL STAND NORTH TREATMENT ZONE 1 0 mg L SOUTH TREATMENT ZONE 2 5 mg L e RIVER MILE MARKER Figure 3 Cove treatment CT plot and water sampling stations on the Pend Oreille River WA 1130 hours This subsurface application technique provided a nominal concentration of 2 5 mg l triclopyr in the plot the maximum EUP label concentration At the time of treatment skies were clear water column temperature was essentially isothermal 25 C and wind velocity was 2 km h
10. INFORMATION SAFETY DATA SHEET continued Page 7 of 8 70301027 KEYACID RHODAMINE WT LIQUID DOT Regulations Ground DOT Notes Not regulated Protect from freezing Attach PROTECT FROM FREEZING label IATA Regulations Air IATA Notes Not regulated Protect from freezing Attach PROTECT FROM FREEZING label IMO Regulations Water IMDG IMO Notes Not regulated Protect from freezing Attach PROTECT FROM FREEZING label SECTION 15 REGULATORY INFORMATION Regulatory List Reference NOTE When no components are shown in space above this note no federal or state reporting requirements apply to this product When components are listed above list numbers shown below indicate applicable regulations List numbers 1 Accidental Release Substance 2 CERCLA 304 Hazardous Substance RQ 3 Reserved 4 Clean Air Act Sec 111 Volatile Organic Compounds VOC 5 Clean Air Act Sec 112 Haz Air Pollutant HAP HAP Code 6 Clean Air Act Ozone Depleting Chemical ODC 7 Clean Water Act RQ 8 Clean Water Act Priority Pollutant PP RQ 9 Marine Pollutant MP 10 PSM Highly Hazardous Chemical 11 RCRA Hazardous Waste RCRA Code 12 SARA 302 Extremely Hazardous Substance EHS RQ 13 SARA 313 Toxic Release Inventory TRI TR Conc TR Threshold 14 SOCMI Chemical CAA 15 State Lists CA California Proposition 65 DE Delaware ID Idaho ME Maine MA Massachusetts MI Michigan MN Minnesota NJ RTK New Jersey Ha
11. Solvent Solubility 10 5 1 0 70 80 20 30 0 0 Undisclosed gt 212 F 100 C Red Liquid None 32 F 0 C 9 41 1 13 Not established Miscible 20 C Not applicable Other Properties Vapor density Heavier than air Evap rate Slower than butyl acetate All Data shown above are typical values not specifications SECTION 10 STABILITY AND REACTIVITY Stability Product is expected to be stable under normal ambient controlled conditions concerning heat moisture pressure fire and ignition hazards and ventilation Contact with incompatible or reactive materials may cause hazardous reactions in some products if indicated Check information below Hazardous Polymerization Product will not undergo polymerization Conditions to Avoid None known Incompatible Materials None known Hazardous Decomposition Products In fire Oxides of carbon nitrogen sulfur Possible Hazard Reactions None known SECTION 11 TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION SAFETY DATA SHEET continued Page 6 of 8 70301027 KEYACID RHODAMINE WT LIQUID Oral LD50 Rat Dermal LD50 Rabbit Eye Effects Rabbit Skin Effects Rabbit Mutagenicity Inhalation LC50 Rat Skin Sensitization Guinea Pig Respiratory Sensitization Additional Toxicity Data Supplemental Test Data Other Data No data currently available No data currently available No data currently available No data currently available Positive in salmonel
12. Turner et al 1994 When analysed by flow zones actual mean triclopyr concentrations and calculated half lives Tables II and III showed that the minimum herbicide contact time occurred in the upstream zone 11 2 2 7 near detection limit by 1 day after treatment While triclopyr exposure times in the midstream 1 2 15 9 h near detection limit by 3 days after treatment and downstream 11 2 24 near detection limit by 7 days after treatment zones were much longer The relatively constant gravity flow in the river would be expected to produce this type of progressive herbicide dissipation pattern through the zones of the plot Also a small channel allowing water to flow from the main river channel into the south west upstream corner of the plot may have contributed to the accelerated dilution of the herbicide in the upstream zone The extended triclopyr contact times in the mid and downstream zones would be expected to provide a greater degree of milfoil control in those regions of the plot Aqueous triclopyr dissipation varied between the upper 11 2 14 9 and lower 1 2 26 4 h water sampling locations in the plot Table 1997 by John Wiley amp Sons Ltd Regul Rivers Res Mgmt Vol 13 357 375 1997 pry suog 3 Lam Aq L661 L661 SLE LSE MBM say sdaaty 8 Table II Mean triclopyr residues mg l SE in water column inside treatment plots following Garlon 3A appl
13. appear in the excel spreadsheet BE SURE to save this data BEFORE closing the TD software Sw B5 Real Time Data Transfer Data can also be transferred directly to the computer after each reading To do so 1 Stop data logging see 3 7 1 2 Follow steps 1 6 of B4 to crate the connection between the Aquafluor and your computer 3 Insert a sample and press the lt READ gt button The results will automatically transfer to the active Excel spreadsheet quafluor Users Manual Aquafluor Users Manual 31 TT i B 6 IDL Troubleshooting Difficulties can arise when parameters are set incorrectly oi connections with the cable are not enough Here are some common problems 1 Box to the left of the COM port is red This means that the COM port is not available Causes a Another instrument or program such as palm pilo hot sync could be occupying the port making it unavailable Make sure to close all programs of this type before downloading data b The port selected is incorrect Follow step 4 of connecting to choose another COM port All lights green but no data transferred even though the instrument says All data downloaded The connection between the instrument and the computer is bad Check and tighten the cable connections Make sure both ends of the cable are plugged in tightly 7014 T1 M M Aqua
14. be determined following the bathymetry survey Floatation is provided by 12 x 12 EPS foam blocks which provides 60 156 of buoyancy per LF The top of the curtain is 5 16 vinyl coated cable 9800 strength that is attached to other sections via heavy duty clips and also serves as the anchoring points The bottom of the curtain is 4 ballast chain that keeps the curtain on the lake bottom The seams of the curtain are heat sealed Each 50 foot section is attached to another section via hand tying ropes into 4 grommets spaced 12 apart along the seam Velcro overlaps along the entire seam ensure a tighter seal Curtain Installation Prior to installation the individual sections of the curtain need to be attached by hand This 1s accomplished by hand tying short lengths of rope along all of the grommets of the seam and then firmly pressing the Velcro flap over the seam The cable at the top is attached to the next section via a heavy duty clip Likewise the ballast chain 1s attached to the next section of chain via a heavy duty clip Next the bottom of the curtain 1s bundled folded up to the floatation top and secured with another length of rope The assembly should be performed on the shore and then the whole assembled curtain 1s towed into place on the lake by a boat The curtain cable needs to be attached to a solid object a tree 1s best or a 4 by 4 post sunk into the ground or lake bottom in the case of the apex of site 1 or the corn
15. best PPE Sodium monochloride Color standardizer 7647 14 5 1 1096 15 mg m3 TWA Total 10 mg m3 TWA Not applicable dust powder form Total dust powder form Important Notice Unprotected contact with Section 3 ingredients may be hazardous based on OSHA 29 CFR 1910 1200 amp related appendices Components not listed are trade secrets non hazardous or not reportable This SDS is not intended to offer full disclosure but all component information is available to medical or emergency personnel All hazards are based on contact exposure Reducing or eliminating contact can reduce or eliminate risk Use protective equipment and clothing in Section 8 to minimize or eliminate contact Effects may be unpredictable and may vary from person to person due to individual reactions Users are responsible for hazard determination and communication Unless indicated otherwise non carcinogenic components are indicated within a 1 10 range and investigated or potential carcinogens within a 0 1 196 range HMIS ratings are based on data interpretation and vary from company to company They are intended only for quick general identification of the degree of potential hazards Hazards range from 0 Minimal up to 4 Severe Consult the National Paint amp Coatings Association HMIS Manual for detailed information on ratings To handle material safely consider all information in this SDS SECTION 4 FIRST AID INSTRUCTIONS Eye Contact Immediately rinse with fl
16. depth below the surface upper sample and one third total depth above the bottom lower sample Water was collected at a depth of 1 m at the river treatment plot downstream stations and at 0 5 and 0 75 m at the CT plot downstream stations Water was pumped into 500 ml amber polyethylene bottles stored on ice in the field and frozen when returned to the field station within 6 h Dye levels were recorded and triclopyr water samples were collected from all river treatment plot stations at pretreatment 1 5 8 and 12 hours after treatment and at 1 2 3 and 7 days after treatment Dye levels were recorded and triclopyr water samples were collected from all cove treatment plot stations at pretreatment 1 5 and 8 hours after treatment and at 1 2 3 and 7 days after treatment Additional triclopyr water samples were collected from all stations at 14 and 21 days after treatment In the untreated upstream river reference plot triclopyr water samples were collected at mid depth at pretreatment and 8 and 24 hours after treatment Dye measurements were recorded on the downstream edge and at selected locations in the river reference plot from 1 hour after treatment to 7 days after treatment Water samples were analysed for triclopyr residues detection limit lt 0 01 mg l using a high performance liquid chromatography method DOW Chemical Co Midland MI by the Tennessee Valley Authority Water Chemistry Laboratory Chattanooga TN Mean percentage recovery
17. of the contiguous continental United States and who have purchased our equipment from one of our authorized distributors contact the distributor If you have purchased direct contact us We will repair the instrument at no charge but we will not pay for shipment documentation etc These charges will be billed at cost NOTE Under no conditions should the instrument or accessories be returned without notice Prior correspon dence is needed Toensure that the problem is not a trivial one easily handled in your laboratory with consequent savings to ud everyone b Tospecifically determine the nature of the problem so that repair can be rapid with particular attention paid to the defect you have noted Aquatluor User s Manual Appteiuis A 5 Appendix B Internal Datalogging Al General Specifications Bl Shipping Checklist Instruments with internal data logging purchased will also receive in their shipment Interface cable i Turner Designs Spreadsheet Interface Software 2 disks 01757 357 7 257 8 9cm x 13 7712 bits these items are necessary for retrieving the stored 2 x 16 characters Both of these data in the Aquafluor B2 Hardware Requirements Single point and blank Low battery circuit failure High blank e PC with Windows 95 or later e MS Excel 5 0 or later e Atle
18. of triclopyr in the first few hours following application If data from the shallow sampling station are excluded the whole plot triclopyr concentration was 2 71 0 88 mg l very close to the nominal application rate of 2 5 mg l Whole plot triclopyr concentrations remained gt 2 mg l through 12 h after treatment and were gt 1 mg l at 1 day after treatment Based on laboratory derived concentration and exposure time relationships a triclopyr dose of 21 mg l for 24 h should provide to 85 milfoil control with some regrowth potential likely by five weeks posttreatment Netherland and Getsinger 1992 Although the whole plot aqueous triclopyr value was still relatively high at 1 day after treatment 1 27 0 43 mg l residues were below the proposed potable water tolerance level of 0 5 mg l by 2 days after treatment when herbicide concentrations were measured at 0 27 0 13 mg l By 3 days after treatment triclopyr concentration in the plot was 0 17 0 1 mg l and was near or below detection lt 0 01 mg l in the upstream Stations 1 2 and midstream Stations 3 4 zones Triclopyr concentrations were below detection in all sampling zones by 7 days after treatment Whole plot aqueous half life of triclopyr Table III was calculated to be 19 4 h 77 93 9 which was very similar to the calculated half life of the dye 20 1 96 5 Correlation of dye and triclopyr concentrations was significant p lt 0 001 with an 7 value of 0 80
19. treatment plots indicating excellent triclopyr efficacy on the target plant One year post treatment milfoil biomass in the RT plot was 28 of pretreatment and 1 of pretreatment in the cove treatment plot and was still significantly lower 47 66 in both plots two years post treatment Close examination of milfoil root crowns an important source of new plant growth revealed that most of these perennating structures were severely damaged or completely destroyed in both treated plots by four weeks post treatment These observations indicate that current borne transport of healthy milfoil stem fragments which is the species primary reproductive strategy Madsen et al 1988 from plants growing outside the treatment areas were primarily responsible for regrowth that occurred in the plots Despite this reinvasion duration of acceptable milfoil control at these sites using triclopyr was at least one year longer than reported from previous 2 4 D and fluridone applications in identical or similar locations in the river Durando Boehm 1983 WATER Environmental Sciences 1986 1987 Based on laboratory derived concentration and exposure time relationships Netherland and Getsinger 1992 triclopyr levels in the river treatment plot should have at least 85 milfoil control with some regrowth occurring by five weeks post treatment while milfoil control in the cove treatment plot should have been gt 85 with little to no regrowth occurring by five wee
20. use in tracing drinking water under the following conditions Concentrations of Rhodamine WT Liquid in drinking water is not to exceed 0 01 PPB and exposure end use is to be infrequent For more information on Rhodamine WT Liquid dye see the MSDS sheet and technical bulletin 89 attached to this protocol A permit is required for its application in New York which could take 12 to 16 weeks to apply for and be granted The rhodamine WT dye needs to be applied to each containment plot at a 10 ppb concentration The bathymetry data collected by the client will be used to calculate the water volume of each plot to determine the amount of dye needed to achieve a 10 ppb concentration The dye will be applied via a tank and pump array in an airboat through weighted diffuser lines below the surface of the water Since this is a dye that stains everything it comes into contact with dedicated tanks and lines need to be purchased and used solely for this application It is estimated the treatments in all three containment plots will take four to six hours to complete with two field technicians Dye Monitoring The crucial part of the study is the monitoring of the dye after applied in the water A discreet sampler attached to a calibrated fluorometer will be used to measure the concentration of the dye throughout the lake The fluorometer used will be an Aquafluor Turner Designs Sunnyvale CA dual channel mini fluorometer The instruction manu
21. 2 ha river reference plot Figure 2 Both plots were situated in a parallel arm of the main river channel bounded on the west by a narrow island and bordered on the north south and east by submersed plant stands or open water These plots ranged in depth from 0 3 m west side to 2 5 m east side with a mean depth SE of 1 62 0 07 m n 60 Six water sampling stations 1 6 were established inside the RT river treatment plot representing three flow zones Stations 1 and 2 upstream zone Q 1997 by John Wiley amp Sons Ltd Regul Rivers Res Mgmt Vol 13 357 375 1997 360 K D GETSINGER ET AL Table 1 Frequency of plant species in study plots in Pend Oreille River WA 1991 1993 for all transects per plot and year monocot M dicot D native N exotic E RR Plot Plot CTT Plot Species Year 1991 92 93 9 92 93 91 92 93 coontail DN 2 5 10 9 28 28 20 59 61 Ceratophyllum demersum L elodea MN 21 9 20 7 50 33 28 93 79 Elodea canadensis L water stargrass MN 3 1 8 8 8 18 0 1 3 Heteranthera dubia Jacq MacM northern water milfoil DN 0 0 0 7 lt 1 0 0 0 0 Myriophyllum sibiricum Komarov Eurasian water milfoil DE 100 98 95 94 56 78 89 25 59 M spicatum L whorled water milfoil DN 0 0 1 lt l 1 5 0 0 0 M verticillatum L curlyleaf pondweed ME 17 27 87 4 27 12 7 15 30 Potamogeton crispus L American pondweed MN 8 5 5 1 1 0 0 0 0 P nodosus Poiret blunt leaf pondweed MN 0 0
22. 80 01 lt gt uou 5ypgp 19214 A 1e2ddr ji 22125 ipuosat paitaad jou st EN lt 1x3 poro duo mos 3 Supra aI 7 4 1N3 35214 ujog r5 1210 XXX Surpeog ae BEEN 4 lt Ng gt XXXX vi 116150 INI oNtavaa Y E Iv I gt 5244 1Yy 2 Wad 22125 yo iaae Supra 2542212105 4 gt dh puos 000 8 GL pung u22442q 218801 0 eg y 5214 vi 4 23H20 puur qaga sapa uejpwopjomaunt enuey s1380 y 10nponby 32 Instrument Power Up To turn on the Aquatluor press the lt ON OFF gt button The instrument takes 5 seconds to warm up After the warm up the Aquafluor is ready for operation 33 Fluorescence or Turbidity Channel Choose the appropriate channel for vour analvsis To do this press the lt A B gt button to toggle between the 2 channels The activated channel will be displayed in the lower left corner of the Home screen Y Preis DATA CHL Chlorophyll RWT Rhodamine WT TRB Turbidity Datalogger lt DATA gt 0 toggle Y v Preis eDATA LX Press eDATA 2X Press eDATA IX 34 Calibration Stan
23. 991a Getsinger ef al 1992 Although rapid dissipation may be environmentally desirable this process can reduce the degree of plant control owing to insufficient herbicide exposure Therefore successful triclopyr treatment of milfoil in rivers and reservoirs requires knowledge of herbicide concentration and exposure time requirements for this species as well as site specific water exchange characteristics The Pend Oreille River a regulated system located in north eastern Washington is a major tributary of the Columbia River and has been infested with milfoil for over a decade Rawson 1985 1987 WATER Environmental Sciences 1986 1987 Milfoil control practices in the past have included herbicides such as 2 4 D 2 4 dichlorophenoxy acetic acid and fluridone 1 methyl 3 phenyl 5 3 trifluoromethyl phenyl 4 1 H pyridi none and have been only moderately successful Durando Boehm 1983 WATER Environmental Sciences 1986 1987 Recent water exchange studies conducted in selected sites on this river suggested that triclopyr contact times sufficient to provide acceptable levels of milfoil control could be achieved in these areas Getsinger et al 1993 Moreover the presence of a multispecies submersed plant community albeit dominated by milfoil provided the opportunity to assess the selective properties of this herbicide under field conditions A large scale study was conducted to evaluate triclopyr applications as a technique for restoring
24. UCTS DO NOT FREEZE Also ground containers when filling or mixing powders SECTION 8 EXPOSURE CONTROLS AND PERSONAL PROTECTION Note Selecting protective equipment amp clothing When choosing personal protective equipment and clothing consider each worker s environment all chemicals being handled temperature ventilation and all other conditions Determination of the level of protection needed for the eyes skin and respiratory system under working conditions is the responsibility of the product end user or shift supervisor SDS Sections 2 3 8 and 11 should be consulted Eye protection As a precaution wear indirectly vented splash proof chemical safety goggles When handling liquids wear splash proof goggles under a clear face shield Face shield is not to be used without these goggles The type or extent of protection needed should be determined by the product end user or shift supervisor Skin Protection Always wear impervious chemical resistant synthetic or rubber gloves Check with manufacturer for best glove for the material being handled Wear good quality long sleeved work shirt coveralls and a rubber or plastic apron Wash hands after handling and before eating drinking or using restroom Shower after each shift Clean contaminated but reusable protective equipment and clothing before reusing and wearing again Discard contaminated disposable gloves and clothing The type or extent of protection needed should be determined b
25. a diver from stratified random locations using 0 1 m quadrat Madsen 1993 for a total of 12 biomass samples per plot Samples were sorted to species separated into roots and shoots and dried at 50 C Biomass samples were collected pretreatment 18 20 August 1991 and 4 weeks 18 20 September 1991 1 year 10 14 August 1992 and 2 years 16 20 August 1993 after treatment Biomass levels between years at given plots were compared statistically using a one way analysis of variance ANOVA with significant differences between means calculated using a Bonferroni test at the p 0 05 level 1997 by John Wiley amp Sons Ltd Regul Rivers Res Mgmt Vol 13 357 375 1997 364 K D GETSINGER ET AL Transects were also used to quantify the distribution and diversity of aquatic plants Each 100 m transect was divided into 1 m intervals and species present under each interval were recorded by a diver Madsen et al 1994 Transects were examined concurrently with biomass collection at pretreatment and one and two years after treatment Frequency of species or community classes ie native or exotic monocots or dicots were compared for all transects at a given plot between years using Y analyses of two by two comparisons between means of actual number of transect intervals with and without that species or community class Average number of species or species classes per interval were compared for all transects at a given plot be
26. al for this meter is attached to this protocol The unit uses a single point and blank calibration and has a Rhodamine dye detection limit of 0 4 ppb Below is a table listing the recommended sampling sites including site name GPS coordinates and a description of the site location These sample sites are also depicted on the containment study map included with this protocol At each site samples will be collected one foot under the surface of the water at mid depth and one foot above the lake bottom Samples shall be labeled with the site number and then an S M or B for the surface mid depth and near bottom depths respectively For example the site 1 bottom sample would be labeled 1B while the site 15 mid depth would be labeled 15M Samples will be collected at each site 4 8 24 48 72 and 144 hours 6 sampling events total after treatment to cover a wide range of concentration exposure models Table 1 Dye Sample Sites 43 52720 63 N 73 3558 93 W 43 5272205 N 73 35 58 81 6 43552735 40 73 35 36 46 8 43523888 N 73235724 9 4355240 55 N 73535 30 01 W 43 52755 12 N 73 34 49 13 W 43 5275424 N 73 34 50 35 W 43 52751 85 N 73 34 49 01 W The dye monitoring will require a crew of two field technicians trained to use and calibrate the fluorometer and a boat to be on site for 6 days The boat used to collect the dye water samples must not be the application boat to prevent cross contam
27. and service for a period of one year from the time of initial purchase with the following restric tions 4 Positioning Samples For low concentration samples cuvettes often will give slightly different measurements depending upon their orientation in the sample compartment This is due to defects in the shape of the cuvette that are not visible to the human eye We recommend that the cuvette be marked at the top and positioned in the sample compartment the same way each time to minimize error The instrument and accessories must be installed powered and operated in compliance with the directions in this Aquafluor Users Manual and directions accompanying the accessories 2 Damage incurred in shipping is not covered 3 Damage resulting from measurement of samples found to be incompatible with the materials used in the sample system is not covered We have found that turbidity is particularly sensitive to this factor We recommend for best results using high quality polystyrene cuvettes P N 7000 957 which showed little orientation and cuvette to cuvette variation in testing 4 Damage resulting from contact with corrosive materials or 45 Data Quality atmosphere is not cove 5 Damage from seawater and other moderately corrosive materials that are not promptly removed from the instrument are not covered The Aquafluor is only as accurate as the standards that are used to calibrate it This is why it i
28. ant Community using the Herbicide Triclopyr Regulated Rivers Research amp Management vol 13 p 357 375 Keystone Aniline R amp D Laboratories 2002 Technical Bulletin 89 Keyacid Rhodamine WT Liquid Keystone Aniline Corporation Chicago IL Eagle Lake Herbicide Containment Study Estimated Costs 1 Turbidity Curtain Manufacturer Indian Valley Industries Inc Specifications Type I Turbidity Curtain 50 foot sections 15 feet deep Material 14 oz impermeable PVC Floatation 127 x12 EPS foam blocks providing 60 165 LF buoyancy Cable chain 5 16 vinyl coated cable 9800 strength 5 16 ballast chain Seams Heat sealed with Velcro overlap closure and 4 grommets for connection Anchors buoys rope chain leader 35 sets Cost 3000 00 Price per section 1037 50 per 50 foot section 51 Sections 2 550 feet needed for all three containment areas see map Total Cost 1037 50 x 51 52 912 50 plus 900 00 shipping to lake 2 Curtain Installation Allied Biological Inc Pre installation Bathymetry Mapping Client Five field technicians Two boats Two days installation Travel 8 hours Total Cost 9 000 3 Dye Application Allied Biological Inc Rhodamine WT dye applied at 10 ppb in three contained areas cost 37 50 gallon Two field technicians 6 hours One boat with dropper lines Dedicated mixing tank and lines cost 500 00 Permit Application cost 550 00 Total Cost
29. antly the native pondweeds Potamogeton spp Dicot diversity as a whole was unchanged owing to the substantial decrease in milfoil distribution Figure 7D As with the monocot community native dicot diversity increased substantially in the rive and cove treatment plots more than doubling after triclopyr treatment Figure 7E It is apparent that the triclopyr treatment did not have a prolonged negative affect on the native dicot community and in fact allowed these dicots to flourish by removing the dense monoculture of milfoil that had been suppressing their growth CONCLUSIONS This study has demonstrated that the herbicide triclopyr can be used to control selectively the exotic weed Eurasian water milfoil in coves and along shorelines in regulated rivers while restoring diverse native submersed plant communities in these sites Such native communities can delay the re establishment of problematic levels of milfoil for up to three growing seasons Within a similar areal scale and under comparable hydrodynamic and environmental conditions triclopyr residues in treated water can be expected to dissipate and or degrade to very low levels in a short period of time In addition this study shows that judicious planning and application can maintain triclopyr concentrations outside treated areas at levels that are extremely low or below detection and that proposed potable water tolerance set back distances of 400 800 m are adequate Finally we have see
30. as not been determined Skin effects from repeated exposure may be unpredictable and may appear in sensitive individuals not previously Known to be hypersensitive or allergic As a precaution avoid ALL exposures Follow all supervisor instructions and all directions in Section 8 for personal health protection Respiratory Sensitization Respiratory sensitization caused by inhalation of product dust vapors mists or aerosols has not been determined As a precaution against aggravating existing respiratory conditions hypersensitivity allergic reactions or other unforeseen health effects be sure to read understand and follow all supervisor instructions and instructions for wearing Personal Protective Equipment and clothing in Section 8 of this SDS Avoid inhalation of product in any form Allergic reactions and sensitivity depend on individuals and can be unpredictable Special Warnings None for this material Unusual Health Hazards None for this material Supplemental Hazard Information No additional information is currently available Notes to Physician Treat Symptomatically based on Section 2 Hazard Warnings and Section 3 ingredients unless indicated otherwise Cancer Information Not known to contain carcinogens SECTION 3 OSHA HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS 1 Recommended Component CAS Number Wt 96 OSHA PEL ACGIH TLV PEL Trimellitic acid 528 44 9 1 10 Not established Not established Lowest achievable exposure or zero with
31. ast available serial port B3 Installation Cuvette le 10mm x 10mm plastic Warm Up Time 5seconds Exit all Windows programs 1 4 2 Insert Disk and run the setup program 3 Thesetup wizard will install the necessary files You will be prompted for Disk 2 when necessary 4 When the setup is complete an icon named TD2 will be found in the Programs menu Restart your computer Automatic After 90 seconds ofi inactivity Down A2 2 Optical and Application Specifications Rhodamine Turbidity eee Channel reen LED Green LED 5 5s10nm Opt Emission 665nm 570nm 51551000 Optics B4 Connecting L Using the provided cable connect the 9 pin adapter of the cable into the available serial port of vour computer Limit of Detection _ Aquafl vafluor User s Manual 7 20 Aquafluor User s Manual l Plug the opposite end of the cable into the base of the AquafluortM Open MS Excel 5 0 or later Open the TD spreadsheet interface software Click on the box to the right of the COM port icon to select the appropriate COM port This is usually COM por 2 5 Click on Start The program will open an Excel spreadsheet for data transfer The boxes left of the COM port and MS Excel should both be green 6 Follow the directions from Section 3 7 for collecting and downloading data from the Aquafluor Data will automatically
32. ategorized by taxonomic class see Table I at three study plots in the Pend Oreille River A monocots B dicots C native dicots Letters indicate significant difference at the p 0 05 level using ANOVA Bonferroni LSD herbicide applications to take advantage of normal dam spillway operations While contact time is of primary importance laboratory studies have shown that a relatively moderate increase in triclopyr exposure i e from 12 to 24 hours can provide acceptable control of milfoil at rates as low as 0 25 mg l 10 times below the maximum EUP label rate Netherland and Getsinger 1992 Native plant biomass Native plant biomass levels responded dramatically to the removal of milfoil Figure 4C At the untreated river reference plot native plant biomass remained mostly unchanged with a slight increase two years post treatment Although native plant biomass remained low four weeks after triclopyr application in the river and cove treatment plots in part owing to the lateness of the growing season it had increased dramatically 500 1000 in both treatment plots one year post treatment Figure 4C Native plant biomass remained significantly higher in both plots two years post treatment Thus selective control of milfoil resulted in 1997 by John Wiley amp Sons Ltd Regul Rivers Res Mgmt Vol 13 357 375 1997 RESTORING NATIVE VEGETATION 371 higher abundance of native plants up to two years after treatment and sugge
33. d for aquatic plant control Fox et al 1991b 1992 1993 Turner et 1994 Rhodamine WT was applied immediately following the triclopyr treatment in the RT plot using identical application techniques to achieve a nominal aqueous concentration of 10 ug l In the cove treatment plot the dye was tank mixed with the herbicide to achieve a nominal concentration of 4 and 10 ug l in the north and south portions of the plot respectively The different initial dye concentrations in the cove treatment plot reflected the initial triclopyr application rates and ensured that the empirical relationship between triclopyr and dye quantities would remain consistent throughout the plot Dye concentrations were measured at 25 cm depth intervals at each 1997 by John Wiley amp Sons Ltd Regul Rivers Res Mgmt Vol 13 357 375 1997 RESTORING NATIVE VEGETATION 363 sampling station using Turner Designs Model 10 005 field fluorometers equipped with high volume continuous flow cuvette systems Water was circulated through the fluorometers with submersible pumps attached to the end of weighted opaque hoses All dye values were temperature corrected according to Smart and Laidlaw 1977 using Cole Parmer thermistors attached to the exhaust hoses of the fluorometers Water samples were collected for triclopyr residues concurrently with dye measurements using fluorometers and pump systems described above from each station inside the plots at one third total
34. d format Added VOC to section 9 013008 Reviewed win 013008 Disclaimer The information and recommendations contained herein are based upon data believed to be correct However no guarantee or warranty of any kind expressed or implied is made with respect to the information contained herein This Material Safety Data Sheet was prepared to comply with the OSHA Hazard Communication Standard 29 CFR 1910 1200 and supersedes any previous information Previously dated sheets are invalid and inapplicable END OF MSDS 916 118 1 pOL LUCO SUDISODUOLUT WWW 9650761 1809 Xv 909 68076 v2 INAY epneyy AA SINSOISC tantin L 580 866 N d UOISI2A L0 80 ENUEN 195 pue p 2uypueH wionyouby 3 1 32 33 34 35 36 37 3 8 Table of Contents Li D scHpUOR 4 3 Inspection and Setup L3 General Information and Precautions 5 2 Quick View Diagrams 3 Instrument Parameters Firmware Flowchart Instrument Power Up 10 Fluorescence or Turbidity Channel 10 Calibration Standard Value 10 Calibration 10 Sample Analysis Internal Data Logging IDL 3 7
35. d photosynthetic bacteria Interfering compounds in natural waters derive Irom several sources The most common interfering compounds include pheophytins chlorophyll b and dissolved organic matter and fluorometer Optical filters with a wider bandpass will 1 3 Aquatluor User s Manual min E E be susceptible to more interference than filters with a narrower bandpass In spite of these concerns this does not mean that actual a chlorophyll concentrations cannol be extrapolated rom the in vivo data A simple way of correlating vivo data to actual chlorophyll concentrations 1s accomplished by lodical collecting grab samples for chlorophyll extraction Several collecte ach niche or environment samples should be collected ithin each niche At the time of collection the in vive value must be noted Once the chlorophy Il concentration has been determined through extraction the concentration should be correlated with the a i Ls Tr walpa Graph CL corresponding vivo value see Graph Calibration of the Fluorometer milliigrams per cubic motor Calculated Chlorophyll Measured Chlorophyll Graph For detailed information on chlorophyll analysis please see the reference list below or visit the Turner Designs webpage at WW M fluorometer ci HT Aquatluor M User s Manual 24 REGULATED RIVERS RESEARCH amp MANAGEMENT VOL 13 357 375 1997
36. dard Value Before performing a calibration set the value of your standard Statii Stop Download data Erase Data ENT to toggle SX lt ENT gt itari 5X ENT to start B Press the lt STD VAL button 2 Use the up and down arrows to adjust the standard value Holding either arrow button down will activate faster scrolling 3 When finished Press lt ESC gt or ENT to accept the value lt ENT gt v Y Y Siau Logging Download data Erase Data ENT 10 toggle All downloaded All data erased and to return to the Home screen II there is data logged this icrees will appear 3 5 Calibration Data logger has no valid dats We recommend that you always calibrate before performing any o dederam After the initial calibration the Aquafluor User s Manual l Press the CAL button 3 7 1 Activate Data Logging 2 Press ENT to start the calibration l Press the lt DATA gt button 3 ee 3 Insert your blank and press KENT The Aquafluor will 2 Press ENT to toggle sha odd EE average the fluorescence for 10 seconds Deus ESC When Bnished return to the Home screen 4 Insert the calibration standard and press ENT LOREM MEN 3 Press ENT when the calibration is complete to accept the CON A N ia calibration If ENT is not pressed within 10 sa you 1 Connect the Aquafluor 2 i E xii pk
37. e 2 This site is located to the south of the island off the southeast shoreline in the upper basin near the bridge where route 74 crosses the lake Two sections of turbidity curtain will be deployed at this site The south curtain will be attached to the southeast part of the island and the southern shore approximately 300 feet long The east curtain will be attached to the east point of the island to the west shore of the peninsula approximately 450 feet long The target Eurasian water milfoil beds are 6 through 10 on the Eagle Lake Eurasian Water Milfoil Location Map Containment Site 3 This site 15 in the open water of the upper basin west of the island Four 300 foot sections of curtain will be attached to four fixed points creating a square containment area The target Eurasian water milfoil bed is 1 on the Eagle Lake Eurasian Water Milfoil Location Map Turbidity Curtain Specifications The turbidity curtain used for this study is similar to those employed by Allied Biological Inc 2005 Lamoka Lake NY using Sonar AS and Getsinger et al 1997 using triclopyr The curtain is manufactured by Indian Valley Industries located outside of Binghamton NY The curtain is classified as a Type I floating turbidity curtain constructed of 14 oz impermeable PVC The curtain is manufactured in 50 foot sections for ease of deployment that need to be attached by hand It is assumed the curtain will be 15 foot high although this height will
38. ential river treatment plot 7 0 80 application of triclopyr and rhodamine WT can improve the herbicide simulation characteristics of the dye When analysed by individual sampling stations mean triclopyr concentrations were near target levels for both north and south subplots up to 8 hours after treatment Table II Residue levels declined most quickly at Station 1 in the higher water exchange subplot diminishing to levels of approximately 0 10 mg l or less by 1 day after treatment The proximity of this southern portion of the plot to the main river channel and a tributary stream undoubtedly increased the degree of water exchange in that region of the plot In contrast triclopyr water residues at Stations 2 mid plot and 3 low water exchange northern subplot remained at levels gt 0 25 mg l up to 7 days after treatment These data suggested that optimum milfoil control could be expected in the mid and northern sections of the plot Triclopyr dissipation half lives in the upper 11 2 47 9 h and lower tj 57 3 h portions of the water column were more comparable in the cove treatment plot Table III than in the river treatment plot Consequently laminar flow was probably not a key component in the dissipation of triclopyr in the cove treatment Downstream cove treatment plot Aqueous triclopyr residues peaked at 1 5h after treatment at Station 4 150m downstream and at 8h after treatment at Station 5 395 downstream at 0 30 mg l and 0
39. ers of the containment at site 3 on each side Once the cables are attached and the curtain is in position it should be inspected for twists Following inspection the top ropes are cut and the curtain unfurls to the lake bottom The curtain should be examined by divers or an underwater camera to ensure it 1s lying flat on the bottom In addition the curtain 1 anchored to the bottom of the lake with 22 Ib danforth style anchors situated on each side of the curtain every 100 feet apart Containment site 3 might require additional anchors Three feet of 2 chain will be attached to each anchor lead line which is affixed with a 1 foot diameter buoy It is estimated the installation of the curtains will take five field technicians two days to complete Dye Application Rhodamine WT Keystone Aniline Corp Chicago IL is the dye of choice in water tracing applications This liquid fluorescent dye is readily detected in the water with a fluorometer simulates the movement of an herbicide in the water column and is environmentally safe to use in aquatic systems It s a bright red fluorescent dye approximately 21 active dye with exceptionally high tinctorial strength and a low tendency to stain silt sediment organic matter plants or suspended matter in fresh or salt water Rhodamine WT dye liquid is certified by the National Sanitation Foundation International to ANSI NSF Standard 60 Drinking Water Treatment Chemicals Health Effects for
40. fluor Users Manual 2 1 Appendix Vive Chlorophyll The detection of jn vivo chlorophy ll ais by nature a qualitative measurement Physiological environmental morphological and temporal factors all contribute to the variation between the in vive signal and the actual chloro phyll a concentration of a sample Physiological effects stem Irom the change in fluorescence per unit chlorophyll of cells at varying physiological states On a basic level an healthy cell will fluoresce more than a healthy cell due to the light energy absorbed is channeled into photosynthesis However in natural assemblages of phytoplankton there is normally a mix of species at van ing degrees of health thus averaging out the physiological effect Environmental effects derive from mainly two factors light and temperature The light history of an algal population will affect fluorescence of living cells Cells in a darker en Iron ment will fluoresce more per unit chlorophyll than cells in a well lit zone of the water column One ay of reducing the effects of light is to dark adapt your sample before analyzing iL Temperature effects are discussed in section 4 3 of the manual For best sample analysis all samples and calibration solutions should be measured at the same temperature Temporal Spatial effects are mainly due to differences in quantum efficiency and cell size between different species of phytoplankton an
41. foil J Aquat Plant Manage 28 55 64 Turner E G Getsinger K D and Netherland M D 1994 Correlation of triclopyr and rhodamine WT dye dissipation in the Pend Oreille River J Aquat Plant Manage 32 39 41 WATER Environmental Sciences Inc 1986 Pend Oreille River Eurasian watermilfoil control program 1986 Pend Oreille County Project Completion Report Newport WA 56 pp 1997 by John Wiley amp Sons Ltd Regul Rivers Res Mgmt Vol 13 357 375 1997 RESTORING NATIVE VEGETATION 375 WATER Environmental Sciences Inc 1987 Pend Oreille River Eurasian watermilfoil control program 1987 Pend Oreille County Project Completion Report WA 49 pp Woodburn B Batzer R White H and Schultz M 1993a The aqueous photolysis of triclopyr Environ Toxicol and Chem 12 43 55 Woodburn B Green R and Westerdahl E 1993b Aquatic dissipation of triclopyr in Lake Seminole Georgia J Agric Food Chem 41 2172 2177 Wujek J S 1990 Summary of 1988 1990 aquatic EUP results for Garlon 3A herbicide DowElanco Report Indianapolis IN 1997 by John Wiley amp Sons Ltd Regul Rivers Res Mgmt Vol 13 357 375 1997
42. from the east The cove treatment plot was treated as two subplots of 2 ha each with the northern subplot treated first 0950 1020 hours at a nominal triclopyr application rate of 1 0 mg l and the southern subplot receiving a nominal triclopyr application rate of 2 5 mg l at 1035 1135 hours The nominal triclopyr application rate for the entire plot was 1 75 mg l At treatment time skies were partly cloudy water column temperature was isothermal 24 C and wind was south east at approximately 10 km h While treating each subplot the airboat travelled at 5 km h in an alternating east west pattern that provided an even areal distribution of the herbicide throughout the plots Application rates selected for both plots were based on results of previous water exchange studies in those sites and on laboratory derived triclopyr concentration and exposure time requirements Netherland and Getsinger 1992 Getsinger et al 1993 The inert fluorescent dye rhodamine WT was used to characterize water exchange and movement during the study and to aid in the selection of water sampling stations outside the treated areas This dye US EPA approved for use in potable water at concentrations up to 100 ug l can be quantified in situ and is routinely used for water tracing and exchange studies Johnson 1984 Kilpatrick and Wilson 1989 The dye has also been used to successfully simulate aqueous dissipation of several herbicides including triclopyr use
43. g l as close as 150m downstream from the plot Eurasian water milfoil biomass was reduced by 99 in the treated plots at 4 weeks post treatment remained low one year later river treatment 28 of pretreat levels cove treatment 1 of pre treat levels and was still at acceptable levels of control at two years post treatment river treatment 4796 of pre treat levels cove treatment 2496 of pre treat levels The four week post treatment efficacy results verified triclopyr concentration exposure time relationships for controlling Eurasian water milfoil developed under laboratory conditions Non target native plant biomass increased 500 1000 by one year post treatment and remained significantly higher in the cove plot at two years after treatment Native species diversity doubled following herbicide treatment and the restoration of this robust community delayed the re establishment and dominance of Eurasian water milfoil for three growing seasons 1997 by John Wiley amp Sons Ltd Regul Rivers Res Mgmt 13 357 375 1997 No of Figures 7 No of Tables 4 No of References 44 KEY WORDS aquatic plant control aquatic weeds Garlon Myriophyllum spicatum pesticide dissipation rhodamine WT INTRODUCTION The submersed plant Eurasian water milfoil Myriophyllum spicatum L hereafter called milfoil has spread throughout many rivers and reservoirs since its introduction into the United States prior to the 1940s Reed 1977 C
44. ications Pend Oreille River WA August 1991 4 59 1 46 8 15 3 44 1 86 0 92 3 75 1 97 Hours after treatment 1 5 2 32 0 56 1 95 0 05 3 55 0 25 0 90 0 30 5 2 72 0 92 4 69 2 43 1 18 0 48 2 31 0 98 5 NS NS NS 2 00 0 48 2 53 0 75 1 21 40 32 2 27 124 2 03 0 41 2 55 0 05 2 75 0 05 0 80 0 50 12 2 23 0 52 1 98 1 19 2 08 0 55 2 63 1 09 NS NS NS NS 1 27 0 43 0 02 0 01 1 66 0 57 2 14 x 0 96 0 78 0 22 0 12 0 09 1 03 0 17 1 20 0 0 Days after Treatment 0 27 0 13 BD 0 06 0 02 0 81 0 22 0 68 0 23 0 07 0 06 1 25 0 25 0 72 0 25 3 0 17 x 0 10 BD BD 0 41 028 0 47 0 16 0 06 0 05 0 45 0 16 0 89 0 08 0 22 0 03 0 12 0 06 0 29 0 02 0 25 0 01 14 River treatment nominal triclopyr concentration 2 5 mg l t No sample collected 1 Below detection lt 0 01mg l Cove treatment nominal triclopyr concentration 1 75 mg l NOLLV LHOHA SAILVN 1 3 3 9t 366 K D GETSINGER ET AL Table III Half lives and regression equations for dissipation of triclopyr and dye for por treated with Garlon 3A and rhodamine WT Pend Oreille River WA 1991 Unless noted regression correlations 7 are significant at p lt 0 01 Station Depth Regression equation y exp a bt Half life h River Plot 1 6 all triclopyr exp 8 1335 0 03571 93 9 19 4 dye exp 2
45. ied Biological Herbicide Containment Study Protocol Eagle Lake NY Introduction When herbicides are applied in a lake system many factors dictate the movement of the active ingredient including the type of product applied granular vs liquid water currents wind action and rainfall events Turbidity curtains can be deployed to contain the active ingredient in target treatment areas and restrict the movement into environmentally sensitive areas The following protocol details the methodology to be used to perform a dye study on three treatment plots at Eagle Lake Essex County NY in an effort to demonstrate that turbidity curtains can be used effectively to contain herbicides Containment Areas For this study three containment areas will be utilized as depicted on the attached map Prior to the study the client needs to perform a bathymetry survey of all three sites to determine curtain depth The measurements of the curtain are estimated Actual curtain lengths will be determined based on the size of the Eurasian water milfoil bed in the target area These sites are described as follows Containment Site 1 This site is located along the southern shoreline in the lower basin Two 300 foot sections of the turbidity curtain will be deployed at this site anchored to the shoreline and a fixed point in the water The target Eurasian water milfoil bed is 47 on the Eagle Lake Eurasian Water Milfoil Location Map Containment Sit
46. iment Station Vicksburg MS 19 pp Hansen G W Oliver F E and Otto N E 1983 Herbicide Manual US Department of Interior Bureau of Reclamation Denver CO 345 pp Johnson M C 1984 Fluorometric techniques for tracing reservoir inflows Instruction Report E 84 1 US Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station Vicksburg MS 46 pp Kilpatrick F A and Wilson J F Hr 1989 Measurement of time of travel in streams by dye tracing Techniques of Water Resources Investigations of the United States Geological Survey Book 3 Applications of Hydraulics Chapter A9 US Geological Survey Denver 27 Pp Langeland K A 1986 Management program for alligatorweed in North Carolina UNC WRRI 86 224 Water Resources Research Institute University of North Carolina 34 pp Langeland K A 1993 Hydrilla response to Mariner applied to lakes J Aquat Plant Manage 31 175 178 Madsen J D 1993 Biomass techniques for monitoring and assessing control of aquatic vegetation Lake Reservoir Manage 7 141 154 Madsen J D Eichler L W and Boylen C W 1988 Vegetative spread of Eurasian watermilfoil in Lake George New York J Aquat Plant Manage 26 47 50 Madsen J D Hartleb C F and Boylen C W 1991a Photosynthetic characteristics of Myriophyllum spicatum and six submersed aquatic macrophyte species native to Lake George New York Freshwater Biology 26 233 240 Mad
47. inating the sites A clean supply of water not from the lake needs to be on hand to rinse the equipment between each sample to prevent dye contamination The fluorometer will be calibrated each day before use Additional calibrations might be required if drift is suspected during the sampling On day one the unit will be calibrated with a 10 ppb standard but a 5 ppb standard will be used on day two and beyond Turbidity Curtain Removal and Storage Following the dye study the turbidity curtain sections need to be removed It is estimated this process will take a crew of five field technicians two days to complete using two boats The curtain will be removed three to four sections at a time Each section will be towed back to the boat launch and carefully removed from the water scrubbed with brushes and rinsed with lake water through a gas powered water pump dried and folded for storage Following removal of the curtain anchors will be removed as well as any posts used to secure the curtain The folded sections of the curtain will then be placed on a truck and shipped to an inside storage facility until the following year approximately 9 months Then the same pieces of the turbidity curtain can be reused to perform the herbicide application provided the results of this study are approved References Getsinger K D E G Turner J D Madsen M D Netherland 1997 Restoring Native Vegetation in a Eurasian Water Milfoil Dominated Pl
48. iver treatment plot At Stations 8 and 8a located 675 m downstream from the plot triclopyr residues peaked at 0 47 mg l 1 day after treatment and 0 12 mg l 8h after treatment respectively Residues at the 975 m downstream station Station 9 were near or below detection throughout the post treatment sampling regime These low downstream triclopyr concentrations indicate that the potable water tolerance level 0 5 mg l set back distances of 400 800 m 0 25 0 50 mile being considered for the triclopyr aquatic label are appropriate for applications made along shorelines of slow flowing rivers Triclopyr dissipation from cove treatment plot Inside cove treatment plot At 1 5h after treatment the whole plot aqueous triclopyr residue mean SE all stations all depths was 2 32 0 56 mg l Table II somewhat greater than the nominal application rate of 1 75 mg l However triclopyr concentration in the plot was 2 03 0 41 mg l at 8h after treatment and by 1 day after treatment a level of 0 78 0 22 mg l was measured Triclopyr concentrations were below the proposed potable water tolerance level of 0 5 mg l by 3 days after treatment when triclopyr was measured at 0 47 0 16 mg l By 7 days after treatment the mean triclopyr concentration in the plot was 0 22 0 03 mg l and was below detection at all stations and all depths by 14 days after treatment Based on laboratory derived concentration and exposure time requirements a triclopyr dose
49. ks post treatment In fact field efficacy was better than the laboratory prediction with triclopyr applications providing excellent control 9996 milfoil biomass reduction for the remainder of the growing season in both plots Moreover excellent 9996 milfoil biomass reduction and acceptable 72 milfoil biomass reduction control were still being maintained in the cove and river treatment plots respectively at one year post treatment This enhanced field efficacy has been observed with other aquatic herbicides Getsinger 1993 Langeland 1993 Netherland et al 1993 Nelson et al 1995 and may be related to levels of environmental stress e g wave action currents water turbidity microbes and pathogens etc that are lacking or minimized in evaluations conducted under laboratory conditions Although water exchange and triclopyr half lives in the river treatment plot suggested that milfoil control in the upstream zone might be less than that in the mid and downstream zones this was not the case The four week post treatment efficacy evaluation showed excellent milfoil control throughout the plot even along the upstream southern treatment boundary High triclopyr concentrations 4 69 to 8 15 mg l measured in the upstream zone up to 5h post treatment and concentrations in that zone of 2 2 5 mg through 12h post treatment probably accounted for the good milfoil control in the upstream regions of the plot Observations confirmed that milfoil
50. l of broadleaf weeds and woody plants on rights of way rangeland industrial sites and other non crop areas Furthermore in 1995 triclopyr received US registration for controlling weeds in rice grown for food production Since the chemical has demonstrated potential for selectively controlling several aquatic weeds including milfoil Getsinger and Westerdahl 1984 Langeland 1986 Green et al 1989 Wujek 1990 DowElanco Chemical Company is pursuing an aquatic registration for the triethylamine salt formulation of triclopyr presently labelled as Garlon 3A under an experimental use permit EUP issued by the US Environmental Protection Agency US EPA Previous aquatic testing has shown that triclopyr is susceptible to photolytic degradation and has a low toxicity to non target organisms Gersich et al 1984 Mayes et al 1984 McCall and Gavit 1986 Dow Chemical Co 1988 Woodburn et al 1993a b Field dissipation studies have indicated that triclopyr accumulation in sediment shellfish and fish is negligible Getsinger and Westerdahl 1984 Woodburn et al 1993b Laboratory studies have clearly shown that triclopyr efficacy is dependent upon the concentration and length of time milfoil remains exposed to the herbicide Netherland and Getsinger 1992 However this compound can be subject to rapid dilution and dispersion from treatment areas through gravity flow tides thermal and wind induced water circulation patterns etc Fox et al 1
51. la assay No data currently available No data currently available No data currently available No data currently available No data currently available No data currently available SECTION 12 ECOLOGICAL DATA BOD No data currently available COD No data currently available Aquatic Toxicity LC50 gt 320 mg l Rainbow trout 96 h LC50 170 mg l Daphnia magna Biodegradability No data currently available Persistence No data currently available Ecotoxicity No data currently available Sewage Treatment No data currently available Other Data No developmental abnormalities or toxicity to oyster larvae at 100 mg l Supplemental Test Data No data currently available SECTION 13 DISPOSAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATION Reuse of materials Reclaim all uncontaminated material to reuse recycle or otherwise rework whenever possible Contain Do not release Do not release into sewers water systems ground systems or ecosystems without proper authorization Disposal Methods Incinerate treat or bury landfill after sampling and testing at facility approved by applicable federal state and local authorities Empty Containers Empty containers may contain residue and or vapors and should not be reused unless professionally cleaned and reconditioned Crush if not cleaned to prevent reuse Applicable Regulations See Section 15 if regulated Special Instructions See Section 15 if regulated SECTION 14 SHIPPING AND TRANSPORTATION
52. leaks or spills of powders combustibles or flammable liquids Containers should be properly grounded with metal straps cables or other appropriate means to relieve static electricity build up or generation Environmental Protection Immediately dike liquid spills with inert absorbent material sand Oil Dry or other commercially available spill absorbent to contain and soak up liquid Prevent material from entering floor drains sewers or any bodies of water For powder spills use sweeping compound sawdust or other appropriate material to contain dust If possible recover any uncontaminated materials to re use Protective equipment and clothing Wear all proper personal protective equipment and clothing to care for spill situation See section 8 of this MSDS Clean up SAFETY DATA SHEET continued Page 4 of 8 70301027 KEYACID RHODAMINE WT LIQUID After containing liquid spill by diking and soaking up with inert absorbent material place in labeled container to be sealed for proper and regulated disposal Only the slightest residue should remain Try to save uncontaminated material for reuse whenever possible For powders use sweeping compound to minimize dust and pick up as much product as possible Do not allow liquids to seep into drains sewers lakes rivers etc Check Sections 1 and 2 for dye description or type Solvent dye residue may be cleaned by scrubbing with detergent depending on type Do not add water to water so
53. lla J Aquat Plant Manage 31 189 194 Newroth P R 1985 A review of Eurasian water milfoil impacts and management in British Columbia Proceedings Ist International Symposium on Watermilfoil Myriophyllum spicatum and Related Haloragaceae Species Aquatic Plant Management Society 139 153 Nichols S A and Shaw B H 1986 Ecological life histories of the three aquatic nuisance plants Myriophyllum spicatum Potamogeton crispus and Elodea canadensis Hydrobiologia 131 3 21 Rawson R M 1985 History of the spread of Eurasian watermilfoil through the Okanogan and Columbia river systems 1978 1984 Proceedings 1st International Symposium on Watermilfoil Myriophyllum spicatum and Related Haloragaceae Species Aquatic Plant Management Society pp 35 38 Rawson R M 1987 North Pacific Division Seattle District Proceedings 21st Annual Meeting Aquatic Plant Control Research Program Miscellaneous Paper A 87 2 US Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station Vicksburg MS p 9 Reed C F 1977 History and distribution of Eurasian watermilfoil in the United States and Canada Phytologia 36 417 426 Ross M A and Lembi C A 1985 Applied Weed Science Macmillan Publishing Co New York 340 pp Smart P L and Laidlaw I M S 1977 An evaluation of some fluorescent dyes for water tracing Wat Resour Res 13 15 33 Smith C S and Barko J W 1990 Ecology of Eurasian watermil
54. low triclopyr residues measured at the downstream water sampling Stations 4 and 5 In addition to verifying laboratory derived dosage rates the CT plot treatment demonstrated the value of matching herbicide application rates with site specific water exchange information Knowledge of the water exchange characteristics of Lost Creek Cove allowed for 30 less herbicide to be used 1 75 mg l versus maximum rate of 2 5 mg l with a high degree of confidence to achieve excellent milfoil control Most importantly this technique of coupling herbicide dosage rate and water exchange data can aid in reducing the amount of herbicide used in operational treatments lowering environmental loading of chemicals and costs associated with herbicide applications without sacrificing efficacy In regulated rivers herbicide contact might be maximized by appropriately modifying discharge rates during and after chemical applications or by scheduling 1997 by John Wiley amp Sons Ltd Regul Rivers Res Mgmt Vol 13 357 375 1997 370 K D GETSINGER ET AL 3 A MONOCOT 5 RIVER REFERENCE MEAN BIOMASS g m 5 PRE 4WK TYR 2YR PRE 4WK 1YR 2YR PRE 4WK 1YR 2YR B DICOT I COVE TREATMENT MEAN BIOMASS g m PRE 4WK 1YR 2YR PRE 4WK 1YR 2 PRE 4WK 1YR 2YR 1 S E COVE TREATMENT MEAN BIOMASS g m PRE 4WK 1YR 2YR PRE 4WK 1YR 2 PRE 4WK 1YR 2YR Figure 5 Submersed plant biomass g m dry weight c
55. lt 1 0 39 0 6 7 lt l P obtusifolius Mert amp Koch sago pondweed MN 12 0 8 S 9 7 11 2 P pectinatus L redhead grass MN 2 0 1 2 6 3 lt 1 1 1 P perfoliatus L whitestem pondweed MN 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 lt 1 P praelongus Wulfen small pondweed MN 0 0 lt 1 0 0 32 0 0 1 pusillus L Vasey s pondweed MN 0 0 0 10 0 8 1 0 vaseyii Robbins flatstem pondweed MN 15 11 16 28 64 77 40 36 53 P zosteriformis Fernald white water crowfoot DN 5 8 21 12 50 16 3 19 1 Ranunculus longirostris Godron River reference plot f River treatment plot 1 Cove treatment plot Stations 3 and 4 mid stream zone Stations 5 and 6 downstream zone One water sampling station was established in the centre of the river reference plot A 4 ha cove treatment plot was established in the submersed plant stand in Lost Creek Cove located on the west shore of the river Figure 3 approximately 21 km downstream from the river plots Water depth in this plot ranged from 0 75 2 8 m with a mean depth of 1 72 0 04 m 80 Three water sampling stations were established inside the cove treatment plot with Station 1 located in the southern half of the plot Station 2 in the centre of the plot and Station 3 in the northern half of the plot In addition several water sampling stations were established outside and downstream of the two treated plots The locations of each of these stations were based on the presence and quantity of a fluoresce
56. luble dyes Dye is concentrated This will increase amount of color to remove All cleaning or scrubbing liquids used should be absorbed and placed in labeled containers for correct disposal Absorbent material containing solvents may release combustible or flammable vapors and should be handled accordingly properly labeled and disposed Check Sections 2 5 13 amp 15 for applicable instructions and regulations SECTION 7 HANDLING AND STORAGE Warnings and Precautions No special precautions anticipated Wear all PPE in section 8 as a precaution and avoid physical contact with material Personal Protection Wear ALL proper personal protective equipment as outlined in section 8 of this SDS Handling Storage amp Temperature Conditions Keep containers tightly sealed in cool amp dry area out of direct sunlight FOR PRODUCTS LISTING FLAMMABLE COMBUSTIBLE SOLVENTS or LOW FLASH POINTS Store away from fire hazards and ignition sources high heat open flames welding hot plates steam pipes radiators etc Maintain good ventilation Guard against static discharges Ground all containers before mixing or filling Use non sparking tools to open close or otherwise work with containers Limit indoor storage to approved areas with automatic sprinklers Vapors expected to be released when material is heated during process operations At minimum follow all Section 8 recommendations for Exposure Controls and Personal Protection FOR WATER BASED PROD
57. n that a knowledge of site specific water exchange characteristics coupled with well established herbicide concentration and exposure time relationships can be used to prescribe applications that will minimize herbicide dosage rates while maximizing effectiveness against a target plant ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This research was conducted under the US Army Corps of Engineers Aquatic Plant Control Research Program Environmental Laboratory US Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station Permission was granted by the Chief of Engineers to publish this information Partial support for this study was provided by US Army Engineer Seattle District and Libby Albeni Falls Project and the Washington State Department of Ecology DowElanco provided the herbicide used in this study and Resource Management Inc conducted the dye herbicide applications The authors are grateful to the many individuals who assisted in this effort including J Coyle B Rawson K Hamel A Moore S Sorby T McNabb G McNabb J Troth V Carrithers M Smart J Everett L Lawrence L Nelson S Sprecher and J Brazil Appreciation is also extended to J Nestler and S Sprecher for critical reviews of this manuscript REFERENCES Aiken S G Newroth P R and Wile I 1979 The biology of Canadian weeds 34 Myriophyllum spicatum L Can J Plant Sci 59 201 215 Couch and Nelson E 1985 Myriophyllum spicatum in North America Proceedings Ist Internati
58. native submersed plant communities in a regulated river previously dominated by milfoil In addition dissipation rates of triclopyr from treated areas were determined and laboratory derived triclopyr dosage rate relationships for controlling milfoil were verified MATERIALS AND METHODS Study site and plot description The study was conducted along a stretch of the Pend Oreille River 48 N 117 W between Albeni Falls and Box Canyon dams Figure 1 River levels in this region are controlled by water inflowing from Albeni Falls Dam on Lake Pend Oreille Idaho and outflowing at Box Canyon and Boundary Dams in Washington and at two dams in British Columbia Canada River discharge measured at the Albeni Falls Dam averages 565 cm per year with a maximum of 1500 cm in May or June and a minimum of 165 cm in January and February or in August and September In mid August 1991 two milfoil dominated submersed plant stands were selected for the study The first was in the main stem of the river approximately 0 5 km upstream from river mile RM marker 62 and the second in a protected cove approximately 0 3 km downstream from RM marker 48 In shallow areas of these stands 1 m 1997 by John Wiley amp Sons Ltd Regul Rivers Res Mgmt Vol 13 357 375 1997 RESTORING NATIVE VEGETATION 359 BLUESLIDE EN TREATMENT SAU PLOT ANNUO RIVER TREATMENT AND Figure 1 Location of study site for triclopyr herbicide t
59. nt dye applied concurrently with the herbicide described below Downstream stations were used to monitor movement of triclopyr out of the treated plots This dissipation information can be used to establish any label restrictions for potable water tolerance set back distances in relation to triclopyr treatment sites and water intake structures Potable water tolerance set back distances ranging between 400 m 0 25 mi and 800 m 0 50 mi are currently being considered for the triclopyr aquatic label In the river application five water sampling stations were 1997 by John Wiley amp Sons Ltd Regul Rivers Res Mgmt Vol 13 357 375 1997 RESTORING NATIVE VEGETATION 361 SAMPLING STATION MILFOIL STAND RIVER TREATMENT 2 5 L UPSTREAM ZONE MIDSTREAM ZONE DOWNSTREAM ZONE RIVER REFERENCE RIVER MILE MARKER Figure 2 River treatment RT and river reference RR plots and water sampling stations on the Pend Oreille River WA established downstream of the northern edge of the plot Figure 2 Stations 7 and 7a 300m downstream Stations 8 and 8a 675 m downstream Station 9 975 m downstream In the cove application two water sampling stations 4 and 5 were established at 150m and 395 m respectively downstream of the plot Figure 3 Chemical applications and sampling regimes On 21 and 22 August 1991 the river and cove treatment plots respectively were treated with a liquid formulation of the herbicide Garlon 3A 31
60. nt evaluations two were non native exotic species 15 were native species 12 were monocots and 5 were dicots Table I Transect data provided an assessment of the distribution of plants throughout each plot and as such are a measure of eveness Milfoil was observed in virtually all transect intervals in the untreated RR river reference plot in all three years Figure 6A Before triclopyr treatment more than 90 of transect intervals had milfoil in both the river and cove treatment plots These high pretreatment frequency values coupled with biomass levels and observations by scuba divers showed that mature milfoil plants were evenly distributed throughout the plots Following triclopyr application milfoil frequency in the river treatment plot dropped to 6096 one year after treatment and remained less than 80 at two years post treatment Cove treatment plot milfoil was more affected with less than 30 frequency one year post treatment and 60 two years post treatment When these frequency values are coupled with corresponding biomass levels and observations by divers a clear depiction of 120 MILFOIL g 1991 1992 O 1993 B NATIVES 100 80 60 40 PERCENT FREQUENCY 20 Figure 6 Frequency of plants along transects at three study plots in the Pend Oreille River over the three study years A Eurasian water milfoil B native plant species all RR river reference RT river treatment CT cove treatment Letters indica
61. of gt 0 25 mg l for 272 hours should provide excellent milfoil control with little or no regrowth Netherland and Getsinger 1992 1997 by John Wiley amp Sons Ltd Regul Rivers Res Mgmt Vol 13 357 375 1997 RESTORING NATIVE VEGETATION 367 Table IV Triclopyr residues in water downstream from treatment plots following Garlon 3A application Pend Oreille River WA August 1991 Hours after treatment Days after treatment Station 1 1 5 5 8 12 1 2 3 7 14 21 7 300mf BD NS 0 23 0 55 0 97 1 20 0 57 0 57 0 06 NS NS 7a 300m 0 10 NS 0 21 0 42 0 03 0 02 0 02 BD BD NS NS 8 675m NS NS BD 0 07 0 13 0 47 0 02 0 15 BD NS NS 8a 675m NS NS BD 0 12 0 09 BD BD BD BD NS NS 9 975m NS NS BD 0 02 BD BD BD BD BD NS NS CTY 4 150m NS 0 30 NS 0 28 NS 0 02 BD BD BD BD BD 5 395 0 09 NS 0 32 NS 0 04 BD BD BD BD BD River treatment samples collected at 1m depth t Distance downstream from plot 1 Below detection No sample collected Cove treatment samples collected at 0 5 m station 4 and 0 75 m station 5 depths Whole plot aqueous half life of triclopyr in the cove treatment plot Table was calculated to 52 7h 7 87 6 which was nearly identical to the calculated half life of the dye 52 h 7 87 4 Correlation of dye and triclopyr concentrations was significant lt 0 001 with an 7 value of 0 95 Turner et al 1994 This high correlation coefficient indicates that a tank mix rather than sequ
62. of all triclopyr spiked samples n 38 was 98 12 0 69 SE Dye and triclopyr data were subjected to statistical analysis to obtain dissipation curves using Statgraphics 3 0 Statistical Graphics Corp Mean dye and triclopyr values were regressed against time using the exponential model y exp a bt where y chemical concentration at time intercept of regression line b slope of regression line dilution factor Dissipation half lives were then calculated according to _ natural logarithm of 0 5 t TT slope of regression line River discharge and flow rates River discharge as measured from the Albeni Falls Dam ranged from 360 to 405 cm on the triclopyr application dates River discharge slowly declined to a level of 245 cm by 4 days after treatment and stabilized to a level of 170 cm by 7 days after treatment Flow rates were measured using a Montedora Whitney electronic flow meter in the open channel adjacent to the plant stands and ranged from 2 to 3 cm s Flow rates were generally below the detection limits of the meter lt 0 1 cm s 1 2 m inside the plant stands Plant biomass and diversity At each plot four 100 m long transects were established at equally spaced intervals 40 m river reference plot 75 m cove treatment plot 120 m river treatment plot in an east to west direction to quantify the amount of submersed vegetation At each transect three biomass samples were collected by a scub
63. onal Symposium on Watermilfoil Myriophyllum spicatum and Related Haloragaceae Species Aquatic Plant Management Society pp 8 18 Dow Chemical Co 1988 Triclopyr Technical Information Guide Midland MI 7pp Durando Boehm M L 1983 Investigation of the ability of 2 4 D formulations to control Eurasian water milfoil in the Pend Oreille River Washington Masters Thesis Washington State University Pullman WA 71 pp Fox A M Haller W T and Getsinger K D 1991a Factors that influence water exchange in spring fed tidal canals Estuaries 14 404 413 Fox A M Haller W T and Shilling D G 1991b Correlation of fluridone and dye concentrations in water following concurrent application Pesticide Sci 31 25 36 1997 by John Wiley amp Sons Ltd Regul Rivers Res Mgmt Vol 13 357 375 1997 374 K D GETSINGER ET AL Fox A M Haller W T and Getsinger K D 1992 Correlation of bensulfuron methyl and dye concentrations in water following concurrent application J Aquat Plant Manage 30 73 74 Fox A M Haller W T and Getsinger K D 1993 Correlation of endothall and fluorescent dye concentrations following concurrent applications to tidal canals Pesticide Sc 37 99 106 Gersich F M Mendoza C G Mendoza D L and Bodner K M 1984 Acute and chronic toxicity of triclopyr triethylamine salt to Daphnia magna Straus Bull Environ Contam
64. ouch and Nelson 1985 Once established growth and physiological characteristics of milfoil enable it to form a surface canopy and develop into immense stands of weedy vegetation outcompeting most submersed species and displacing the native plant community Grace and Wetzel 1978 Aiken et al 1979 Madsen et al 1988 1991a Smith and Barko 1990 These surface mats can severely impair many of the functional aspects of regulated rivers such as maintenance of water quality for wildlife habitat and public health water storage capacity navigation and recreation Hansen et al 1983 Newroth 1985 Ross and Lembi 1985 Nichols and This article is a US Government work and as such is in the public domain in the USA 1 Correspondence to D Getsinger CCC 0886 9375 97 040357 419 17 50 Received 5 October 1995 1997 by John Wiley amp Sons Ltd Accepted 8 August 1996 358 K D GETSINGER ET AL Shaw 1986 Furthermore a milfoil dominated submersed plant community can greatly reduce the biodiversity of an aquatic system Smith and Barko 1990 Madsen et al 1991b To develop methods for controlling the growth and spread of milfoil in public waters our research group has been evaluating the herbicide triclopyr 3 5 6 trichloro 2 pyridinyl oxyacetic acid for restoring aquatic habitats dominated and degraded by this non indigenous species Triclopyr is a pyridine based systemic compound registered since the mid 1970s in the US for contro
65. owing water for at least 15 minutes while holding eyelids open Get immediate medical attention as a precaution SAFETY DATA SHEET continued Page 3 of 8 70301027 KEYACID RHODAMINE WT LIQUID Skin Contact Immediately remove contaminated clothing Wash affected area with soap and rinse with plenty of water Get medical attention as a precaution Inhalation Immediately move person to fresh air If breathing is difficult give oxygen call 911 calm the individual If not breathing call 911 give artificial respiration CPR until medical help arrives Have this Material Safety Data Sheet available Ingestion Do not induce vomiting unless directed to do so by a doctor or by other emergency medical personnel Forced vomiting of certain chemicals may cause aspiration and lung damage Have this Material Safety Data Sheet available SECTION 5 FIRE FIGHTING INSTRUCTIONS Flash Point Not applicable or not established Auto ignition Temperature Not applicable LEL Not applicable UEL Not applicable Unusual hazards None expected Other Hazards None known Types of Extinguishers CO2 dry chemical foam water fog or spray depending on type of fire Fire Fighting Directions NA SECTION 6 ACCIDENTAL SPILL OR RELEASE INSTRUCTIONS Special Precautions None known Follow general precautions shown below Reporting Check the RQ Static Discharges Take precautionary measures against static discharges when cleaning up
66. ptional feature If this feature has been pur chased your Aquafluor can log up to 1000 data points The DATA screens control logging downloading and erasing the data For further information see Appendix B Aquafluor User s Manual 4 General Considerations for Analysis 4 1 Handling Samples care not to spill samples into the sample chamber Wipe up any spills promptly 1 The Aquafluor is very sensitive and even small amounts of material from a previous sample mav result in errors Use clean cuvette for all readings Thorough and proper cleaning of cuvettes between sample readings is essential and is especially important if you are using the same cuvette samples and blank 3 Fill the cuvette at least 50 full 2mls Significant error can result if the cuvette does not contain this minimum volume 4 The cuvette MUST BE DRY on the outside when taking readings Moisture and condensation on the outside can result in error 3 Minute bubbles in samples will cause drifting readings Take care not to introduce bubbles into samples Slight upper limit concentration that is dependent upon the properties of the fluorescent material the filters used and the path length A nonlinear relationship is seen at very high concentrations where the fluorescence signal does not increase at a con stant rate in comparison to the change in concentration At e
67. r three species per interval in both treated plots two years post treatnent When only native species are considered all three plots were at A ALL SPP B NATIVE B 1991 1992 1993 MEAN SPECIES NUMBER C MONOCOTS D DICOTS 1992 D 1993 E NATIVE DICOTS MEAN SPECIES NUMBER Figure 7 Average number of species per transect interval at three study plots in the Pend Oreille River over three study years A all species B native species only C monocots D all dicots E native dicots only RR river reference RT river treatment CT cove treatment Letters indicate significant difference at the p 0 05 level using ANOVA Bonferroni LSD 1997 by John Wiley amp Sons Ltd Regul Rivers Res Mgmt Vol 13 357 375 1997 RESTORING NATIVE VEGETATION 373 approximately one species per interval before treatment and the untreated river reference plot remained near this level throughout the study Figure 7B Following herbicide treatment richness of native species increased to over two species per interval more than doubling the diversity of native species in both treatment plots Higher plant diversity remained in both the river and cove treatment plots two years post treatment The main component in this restoration of plant diversity was the monocot species which more than doubled in average diversity along transects in the treated plots both one and two years after treatment Figure 7C These were predomin
68. reatment on the Pend Oreille River WA deep entangled shoots of milfoil covered the surface of the water forming a dense mat In deeper regions of the stands milfoil shoots formed a dense submersed canopy 15 20 cm below the surface of the water Although milfoil was the dominant species in the plots an understorey comprising 13 other submersed plants one exotic and 12 natives was encountered during the pretreatment evaluation Table I The other exotic plant was the monocotyledonous monocot species curlyleaf pondweed Potamogeton crispus L Principal natives included the monocots elodea Elodea canadensis L flatstem pondweed Potamogeton zosteriformis Fernald and water stargrass Heteranthera dubia Jacq MacM and the dicotyledonous dicot species coontail Ceratophyllum demersum L and white water crowfoot Ranunculus longirostris Godron The submersed plant communities selected for the study represented milfoil dominated stands typical of those targeted for operational herbicide treatments However water exchange characteristics of the two sites were dissimilar 11 2 lt 20 h in the river and gt 50h in the cove thus providing the opportunity to compare the efficacy selectivity and dissipation of triclopyr under different flow concentration and exposure time conditions Two river plots were established in submersed plant stands in the River Bend area near RM 62 A 6 ha river treatment plot was located 250m downstream from the
69. receiving your instrument please inspect everything carefully and make sure all accessories are present All shipments include C In Vivo Chlorophyll re 23 The Aquafluor The User s Manual 4 AAA batteries 4 Polystyrene cuvettes Storage Pouch 1 2 2 Setup Before the Aquafluor can be used the supplied batteries must be installed 1 On the backside of the instrument loosen the screw and remove the battery panel see Section 2 for diagram Install the 4 AAA batteries into the appropriate spaces Replace the battery panel and tighten the screw The panel has an o ring which creates a watertight seal The battery panel may be difficult to install if there is no Aquafluor User s Manual Aquafluor User s Manual 2 4 lubrication on the o ring Use a silicon based o ring grease to lubricate the o ring if necessary General Information and Precautions The sample compartment cannot accept glass or quartz cuvettes A minimum volume of 2mls ina 10x10 cuvette is required for best results Avoid having any air bubbles in your sample They can significantly affect the fluorescent reading For best results measuring low turbidities use good polystyrene cuvettes P N 7000 957 See Section 4 4 for further information Aquatluor User s Manual M 2 Quick View Diagrams XX XX 915535 7100 545 pur XXX 1121 smog 34184301 832 124 214
70. s important to take care when preparing standards samples and blank One should follow good laboratory practices when preparing all solutions 6 Damage caused by modification of the instrument bv the and reagents customer is not covered Aquafluor User s Manual Aquafluor User s Manual 5 2 Warranty Service Hg 5 3 Out of Warranty Service To obtain service during the warranty period the owner shall take the following steps Proceed exactly as for Warranty Service above If our Write or call the Turner Designs service department and service department can un E by phone or correspon describe as precisely as possible the nature of the E dence we will be glad to at no charge Repair service will be billed on a basis of time and materi als A complete statement of time spent and materials used will be supplied Shipment to Turner Designs should be prepaid Your bill will include return shipment freight charges 2 Carry out minor adjustments or tests as suggested by the Service Department 3 If proper performance is not obtained ship the instru ment prepaid to Turner Designs with a statement of shipping charges The instrument will be repaired and Address for Shipment returned free of charge along with a check to cover Turner Designs shipping charges for all customers in the contiguous 845 W E continental United States Sunnyvale CA 94085 For customers outside
71. se mild irritation of the nose throat lungs and mucous membranes shortness of breath sneezing cough runny nose nausea headache and other effects Prolonged or heavy exposure or heating of liquid material may increase severity of symptoms Ingestion Depending on amount swallowed product can cause mild irritation of mouth throat esophagus stomach and gastrointestinal tract upset stomach abdominal discomfort nausea vomiting gastrointestinal disturbances dizziness diarrhea and other effects Aspiration into lungs during vomiting is an emergency and may cause lung injury and life threatening conditions Higher dose may increase irritation and severity of symptoms Medical Conditions Aggravated by Exposure SAFETY DATA SHEET continued Page 2 of 8 70301027 KEYACID RHODAMINE WT LIQUID The possibility of aggravation of existing medical conditions from inhalation of product dust vapors mists or aerosols or from skin contact eye contact or swallowing has not been determined As a precaution against unknown effects on existing medical conditions hypersensitivities allergic reactions or other unforeseen health effects be sure to read understand and follow all supervisor instructions AND instructions for wearing Personal Protective Equipment and clothing in Section 8 of this MSDS As a precaution avoid inhalation of product in any form Skin Sensitization Skin sensitization from unprotected contact with this product h
72. sen J D Sutherland J W Bloomfield J A Eichler L W and Boylen C W 1991b The decline of native vegetation under dense Eurasian watermilfoil canopies J Aquat Plant Manage 29 94 99 Madsen J D Dick G O Honnell D Shearer J and Smart R M 1994 Ecological assessment of Kirk Pond Miscellaneous Paper A 94 1 US Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station Vicksburg MS 73 pp Mayes M A Dill D C Bodner K M and Mendoza C G 1984 Triclopyr triethylamine salt toxicity to life stages of the fathead minnow Pimephales promelas Rafinesque Buil Environ Contam Toxicol 33 339 347 McCall P J and P D 1986 Aqueous photolysis of triclopyr and its toxyethyl ester and calculated environmental photodecomposition rates Environ Toxicol Chem 5 879 885 Nelson L S Van T K Lembi C A Urmeeva F and Getsinger K D 1995 Plant growth regulators for aquatic plant management Joint Agency Guntersville Aquatic Plant management Report TVA RG WM 95 Tennessee Valley Authority and US Army Corps of Engineers 48 pp in press Netherland M D and Getsinger D 1992 Efficacy of triclopyr on Eurasian watermilfoil concentration and exposure time effects J Aquat Plant Manage 30 1 5 Netherland M D Getsinger K D and Turner E G 1993 Fluridone concentration and exposure time requirements for control of Eurasian watermilfoil and hydri
73. sts that a timely restoration of diverse native plant community can delay the reinvasion and dominance of an aggressive and opportunistic weed In fact this reinfestation was delayed for at least two years in the treated plots even though milfoil was selectively removed from only small areas 4 6 ha surrounded by hundreds of untreated hectares infested with mil foil As expected from a product having an activity spectrum similar to 2 4 D and other auxin type growth regulators that are non toxic to most dicots monocot species were not adversely affected by the triclopyr application Rather monocots significantly increased in abundance in post treatment years one and two Figure 5A The dense milfoil canopy had apparently inhibited native monocot growth and once this canopy was removed by triclopyr monocots were able to flourish Response of dicots as a group to triclopyr includes the response of the target plant Figure 5B and although milfoil was significantly reduced overall dicot biomass was not consistently different in the treated plots one and two years after treatment Native dicots Figure 5C increased significantly in the river treatment plot one year after treatment and in the cove treatment plot two years after treatment largely owing to regrowth of white water crowfoot Treatment efficacy Community diversity Species frequency A total of 17 submersed plant species were encountered during the one and two year post treatme
74. t Fulton Street 2165 Highway 292 In U S Call CHEMTEL 1 800 255 3924 Chicago IL 60612 Inman SC 29349 Outside U S call CHEMTEL Collect at Tel 312 666 2015 Tel 864 473 1601 1 813 248 0585 Fax 312 666 8530 Fax 864 473 2377 HMIS RATINGS HEALTH 2 FIRE 1 REACTIVITY 0 PERSONAL PROTECTION SECTION 1 PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION Product 1 0 70301027 Product Name KEYACID RHODAMINE WT LIQUID Product Description Aqueous Acid Red Colorant Solution Chemical Family Confidential dye group Effective Date January 30 2008 SECTION 2 HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND EMERGENCY OVERVIEW Emergency Overview Mild eye amp skin irritant Respiratory effects not established Eye Contact Depending on duration and personal sensitivity unprotected contact may cause mild irritation discomfort redness watering itching or other effects Heavy contact or for prolonged period may increase effects Follow ALL supervisor and Personal Protection instructions in Section 8 of this SDS Skin Contact Depending on degree of unprotected contact with product and individual sensitivity may cause mild irritation to skin redness rash itching and other effects Constant repeated long term heavy contact with some powdered products may cause abrasion of skin Some components may be absorbed through unprotected skin causing or adding to effects Inhalation Depending on duration of unprotected inhalation of product vapors mists aerosols or dusts may cau
75. te significant difference at the p 0 05 level using y analysis 1997 by John Wiley amp Sons Ltd Regul Rivers Res Mgmt Vol 13 357 375 1997 372 K D GETSINGER ET AL triclopyr efficacy emerges young shoots of milfoil initiating from imported stem fragments unevenly distributed within the treated plots particularly at one year post treatment Frequency of native species non milfoil non curlyleaf pondweed was approximately 50 70 in the treatment plots before triclopyr treatment Figure 6B The untreated river reference plot had native plant frequency values from 40 to 60 Figure 6B Once treated however natives increased to nearly 100 frequency two years after treatment Thus the seed propagule bank was sufficient in these submersed plant communities to provide sources for re establishing native plants removal of the dense milfoil canopy was all that was required to restore the native plant community Species richness The diversity measure used in this study was average number of species per transect interval or average species richness When all species are included the three plots were at approximately two species per interval prior to triclopyr treatment Figure 7A Species richness remained low in the untreated river reference plot one year post treatment but increased to over 2 5 at two years post treatment owing to the increased distribution of the exotic monocot curlyleaf pondweed Richness increased to ove
76. tween years using a one way ANOVA with significant differences between means calculated using a Bonferroni test at the p 0 05 level Voucher specimens of plants were collected and archived at the USAEWES Lewisville Aquatic Ecosystem Research Facility Lewisville TX RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Triclopyr dissipation from river treatment plot Inside river treatment plot At 1 h after treatment the whole plot aqueous triclopyr residue mean SE of all stations all depths was 4 59 1 46 mg l Table II This greater than predicted whole plot triclopyr concentration was primarily caused by high residue levels found at station 2 14 mg l discrete station data not shown which was located in a shallow area z 0 5 m of the plot Elevated herbicide residues are not uncommon in site specific regions of a treatment area immediately following a submersed application which typically occurs in the upper levels of the water column In addition water column mixing of herbicides can be inhibited by factors such as linear flow thermal stratification and wind driven circulation patterns Fox et al 1991a Getsinger et al 1992 Although measured triclopyr residues were initially greater than the nominal application rate concentrations were well below acute and chronic toxicity levels established for non target aquatic organisms and were present for only short periods of time Conversely some locations within the treated area received below the intended dose
77. ven higher concentrations fluorescence signal will de crease even though the sample concentrations are greater This effect is known as signal quenching Linearity may be checked by diluting a sample 1 1 or some other convenient ratio be sure to use your matrix blank for the dilutions If the sample is within the linear range the reading will decrease in direct proportion to the dilution If the reading does not decrease in direct proportion to the dilution or if the reading increases the sample is beyond the linear range of your fluorophore lapping with your finger on the outside cuvette wall will often help dissipate bubbles pud 5 5 2 Linear Range and Quenching S E The linear range is the concentration range in which the readout of the Aquafluor is directly proportional to the concentration of the fluorophore The linear range begins with the smallest detectable concentration and spans to an Fluorophore conc Aquafluor User s Manual AquafluorT User s Manual 13 5 Warranty 4 3 Temperature Considerations Fluorescence is temperature sensitive As the temperature of the sample increases the fluorescence decreases For greales gs accuracy read blank standard and samples at the same temperature 5 1 Terms Turner Designs warrants the Aguafluor Fluorometer and accessories to be free from defects in materials and workman ship under normal use
78. was partially controlled at distances of up to 250 m directly downstream from the northern boundary of the river treatment plot with more complete control occurring lt 100 m downstream This level of off target control was not surprising since triclopyr residues at Station 7 300m downstream peaked at 1 2 mg l at 1 day after treatment As expected no milfoil control was observed gt 10 upstream of the southern boundary or more than 10 to 20 m beyond the eastern boundary of the plot Triclopyr injury symptoms were not observed on milfoil growing gt 400 m downstream of the river treatment plot this was expected from the low herbicide residues measured at those distances In contrast to the presence of off target triclopyr efficacy in the river application no collateral damage was observed on milfoil growing a few metres past the eastern boundary of the cove application Dye measurements taken during previous water exchange studies Getsinger ef al 1993 and during this treatment demonstrated that water exchange between the cove and river was relatively low therefore efficacious levels of triclopyr extending beyond the confines of the cove were unlikely The quiescent nature of the cove waters would restrict rapid transport of triclopyr into the river and would enhance the photolytic and microbial degradation of the herbicide Lack of off target injury symptoms and or milfoil control observed at the CT cove treatment plot was supported by the
79. y the product end user or shift supervisor Respiratory Protection Depending on type of material handled and processing conditions it is recommended that an appropriate NIOSH approved organic vapor mist respirator or dust respirator with proper filters as required be worn when exposure to product is expected After each shift or when equipment becomes contaminated clean respirator and replace filters in compliance with 29 CFR 1910 134 The type or extent of protection needed should be determined by the product end user or shift supervisor Eye Washes and Other Protection Eye wash stations and drench showers should be located within 100 feet or 10 second walk of the work area per ANSI standard Z358 1 1990 Ventilation Local exhaust should be used to maintain exposure limits below specified amounts recommended by OSHA NIOSH or ACGIH and to draw spray aerosol vapors or dusts away from workers and prevent routine inhalation At least 10 air changes per hour are recommended for good room ventilation SAFETY DATA SHEET continued Page 5 of 8 70301027 KEYACID RHODAMINE WT LIQUID Airborne Exposure Limits Not referenced in literature SECTION 9 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES pH Water Content Total Solids Non Volatiles 9e Total VOC Solvents Other Components Boiling Point Color Form Odor Freezing Melting Point Lbs per gallon Specific Gravity Liquid Vapor Pressure Water Solubility
80. zardous Substance List NJ TCPA New Jersey Extremely Hazardous Substance List NY New York PA Pennsylvania WA Washington WV West Virginia WI Wisconsin 16 Supplemental regulatory information SRI Numbers shown immediately after a List Number indicate additional specific information Examples 2 5000 2 CERCLA 5000 11 0007 11 RCRA 0007 Chromium Revised 011808 win Current list not applicable to previous Safety Data Sheets SAFETY DATA SHEET continued Page 8 of 8 70301027 KEYACID RHODAMINE WT LIQUID SARA 311 312 Hazard Categories Immediate Acute Health Hazard YES Chronic Delayed Hazard NO Fire Hazard NO Sudden Release of Pressure Hazard NO Reactivity Hazard NO GLOBAL CHEMICAL REGISTRATION LISTINGS AICS Australia Status not determined ASIA PAC Asia Pacific Status not determined DSL Canada Status not determined ECL Korea Status not determined EINECS Europe Status not determined ENCS Japan Status not determined IECSC China Status not determined PICCS Philippines Status not determined TSCA US Components listed or exempt OTHER Supplemental Regulatory Information No additional information applies or no supplemental information is available at this time Additional Info For additional international federal or state regulatory compliance information not shown Call 312 666 2015 SECTION 16 OTHER INFORMATION Reason for Revision New format 030306 Revise

2008 Allied Biological`s - Eagle Lake Property Owner`s Inc.

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