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1. Cancel Add The resulting graph should resemble Graph3D2 0s Z Axis 0 0 0 5 0 0 Y Axis 05 GRAPH RENDERING The graph may be rendered in any of four modes by selecting the appropriate item from the Graph menu HiQ User Manual 6 24 National Instruments Corporation Chapter 6 The Graph Editor Wire Frame all lines are visible Graphs Graph3D3 Graph3D3 Z Axis 0 0 NUN NAS ihe HEIN g p jA ANNAS A iL Vz National Instruments Corporation 6 25 HiQ User Manual The Graph Editor Chapter 6 Shaded color shade is a function of the surface s z value Graphs Graph3D3 Graph3D3 Z Axis 0 0 ff N UDA A Wi v W V HiQ User Manual 6 26 National Instruments Corporation Chapter 6 The Graph Editor More MODIFICATIONS OF THE GRAPH VIEW The controls in the 2 dimensional graphing section are available here and are supplemented by several con trols specifically geared towards 3 dimensional graphs Select Zoom Scale Move Magnify and Trace work essentially the same as for 2 dimensional graphs Use the Rotate tool to view the graph from a different vantage point 62 1 Click on the Rotate tool and 2 click and drag the mouse from the center of the graph towards the left A box will follow the mouse to
2. 4 Had you selected only cells 3 3 and 3 4 only the first two source cells would have been pasted into the new location Cut copy and paste work between applications so if you had data in a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet you could copy all or part of it and paste the numbers into a HiQ matrix Keep in mind that the paste portion of this procedure is controlled by the application where HiQ requires that you select the entire range of target cells before pasting in Excel you need only select the first cell Triangular and diagonal selections work fine from HiQ to another application Pasting data into a word processor works as well data elements in each row are separated by tabs and the last element is followed by a carriage return except for the last row In diago nal and triangular selections non selected elements are filled with zeroes CURSORS As you move the pointer over the Data Editor s window the cursor will change shape to remind you of the myriad possibilities you have at any moment Edit the cursor is over editable text cea Cell the cursor is over a cell row tag or column tag k Default cursor the cursor takes this form whenever it is not over an area which has a special cursor Adjust column width the cursor is over a column divider within the column tags area allowing you to adjust column width Adjust row height the cursor is over a row div
3. Edit the title to read Year Click on the Axis menu and hold down the mouse button When the menu pops up move the pointer to select the Y Axis Anis Y Axis wis canis Edit the title to read Rainfall in Click on Vertical Title Click on OK SS First Problem polyFit6raph0 Average Annual Rainfall o fitted curve o Rainfall lt in a T T gt 1980 1982 1984 1986 Year 1988 10 Close the Graph Editor saving changes National Instruments Corporation 2 15 HiQ User Manual Getting Started Chapter 2 Now we ll go back to the Worksheet and create a display of the year and rainfall data with the graph 11 Open the Symbol List 12 Select Year and click on the Place button 13 Select Rainfall and click on the Place button 14 Close the Symbol List 15 With the selection tool active drag the Symbols around until your Worksheet looks something like First Problem Worksheet Year Rainfall polyFitGraphO 17 Select Fit to Contents from the Worksheet menu be sure the Year Symbol is selected as indicated by the appearance of scroll bars and grab handles 18 Repeat steps 16 and 17 with the Rainfall Symbol HiQ User Manual 2 16 National Instruments Corporation Chapter 2 Getting Started If you need to rearrange items on the Worksheet page move the pointer anywhere within the expa
4. X Y 1880 50 2 1890 62 9 1900 76 0 1910 92 0 1920 105 7 1930 122 8 1940 131 7 1950 151 1 1960 179 3 1970 203 3 1980 226 5 LINE FIT Let s use the Data Fitter to fit a curve to these data To fit a line i e f x c Cx Click on the Data Editor s close box and click on Yes when asked whether to save the data Click on the yVector0 icon and type Y to change its name 1 click on the xVector0 icon to change its name With the icon and name highlighted type X 2 Double click on the X icon to input the year data 3 Select Get Info from the Matrix menu and change the number of rows to 11 4 Click on OK 5 Type the data for X 6 7 8 Double click on the Y icon change its row dimension to 11 type the measurement data and close the editor window xVector and yVector must be of the same dimension When you generate a graph you have two choices Smooth Curve allows you to choose how many points will be used to draw the fitted curve The default number of 256 will produce a reasonably smooth line Use National Instruments Corporation 5 53 HiQ User Manual Problem Solvers Chapter 5 Input Data draws a curve using the same number of points as contained in the input data vector Project1 DataFit1 inputs Input vectors must be of equal dimension to run this solver x 1 11 Y 1 11 Data Points x Measurements Y K Y lineFitC
5. HiQ User Manual for Macintosh and Power Macintosh Version 2 1 Copyright 1993 1994 National Instruments Corporation Part Number 320734B 01 All Rights Reserved August 1994 National Instruments Corporate Headquarters 6504 Bridge Point Parkway Austin TX 78730 5039 512 794 0100 Technical support fax 800 328 2203 512 794 5678 Branch Offices Australia 03 879 9422 Austria 0662 435986 Belgium 02 757 00 20 Canada Ontario 519 622 9310 Canada Qu bec 514 694 8521 Denmark 45 76 26 00 Finland 90 527 2321 France 1 48 14 24 24 Germany 089 741 31 30 Italy 02 48301892 Japan 03 3788 1921 Netherlands 03480 33466 Norway 32 848400 Spain 91 640 0085 Sweden 08 730 49 70 Switzerland 056 20 51 51 U K 0635 523545 Limited Warranty The media on which you receive National Instruments software are warranted not to fail to execute programming instructions due to defects in materials and workmanship for a period of 90 days from date of shipment as evidenced by receipts or other documentation National Instruments will at its option repair or replace software media that do not execute programming instructions if National Instruments receives notice of such defects during the warranty period National Instruments does not warrant that the operation of the software shall be uninterrupted or error free A Return Material Authorization RMA number must be obtained from the factory and clearly marked
6. saves the movie to a new symbol You are left editing the original movie e Revert Movie recalls the last saved version of the movie Since a movie is a symbol just like a matrix or graph you can access it as you would any other symbol To place a Symbol on the Worksheet 1 click on the movie s name in the Symbol List and 2 click on Place To view a movie 3 click on the movie s name in the Symbol List and 4 click on Edit or 5 double click on the movie s Symbol on the Worksheet The movie window is used for playback only no editing is possible The Animation menu from the Graph Editor is present with only playback features accessible PRINTING To print the current contents of the Graph Editor select Print from the File menu When you print a HiQ graph with the File menu Print command a dialog box appears for specifying print options The option that allows you to choose black amp white printing versus color grayscale printing greatly influences both the appearance of the printed graph and the time it takes to print the graph If you are displaying graphs on a color monitor or grayscale monitor the color grayscale print option pro duces output more closely matching what you see on the screen but is relatively slow to print The black and white print option produces acceptable draft quality printouts in many cases but only if you select the graph option Automatic Depth The Automatic Depth opti
7. New See The Symbol List later in this chapter for a full description 20 Select B in the list of symbols 21 Click on the Place button 22 Close the Symbol List Your Worksheet should now contain three icons representing the input and output vectors and the script Since they may not be in the positions you would like you may drag them about with the mouse 23 If the selection tool is not selected click on it 24 Click on an icon you wish to move and while holding down the mouse button drag it to the desired loca tion You may also cut copy and paste Symbols using commands in the Edit menu As in the example above you may rename a Symbol on the Worksheet page by editing the name appearing below the icon There are two ways to view a symbol on the Worksheet page icon view e expanded view a snapshot view of the data in the symbol To display a Symbol in expanded view select the Symbol then select Expanded View from the Worksheet menu or lt option gt double click on the Symbol To return to icon view select Icon View You may also lt option gt double click on the Symbol to toggle back and forth between the icon and expanded views Let s try it 1 Move the script TestScript and vector B icons off to the right a bit to make some room 2 Select the vector A symbol National Instruments Corporation 3 9 HiQ User Manual The Worksheet Chapter 3 3 Select Expanded View from the Worksheet menu
8. Function goToFrame newMovie numberOfFrames recordFrame rewindMovie goToFramelaMovie frame Cancel The left window contains a list of categories and the right window lists the functions in the selected category At the bottom of the window is a field which will contain the form of the selected function With the insertion point where you wish to type a function 2 Select Basic Matrix Functions from the Function Type list 3 Scroll the Function list down until you can select getRow Functions amp Tables Table Built in functions w Function Type Animation Functions Basic Matrix Functions Business Functions Data Fitting Functions Derivative Formula Functions Eigenvalue Functions Fourier Analysis Functions Geometric Functions Graphical Functions HiQ Script Prototype Function elemDivide Element by Element elemMultiply Element by Elem getColumn kth Column of A getRow kth Row of A ident Identity Matrix imagPart Imaginary Part inv Matrix Inverse locateMax Maximum Element locateMin Minimum Element v getRow A k Cancel The function call for getRow appears in the edit field at the bottom of the window You have the choice of National Instruments Corporation HiQ User Manual Problem Solvers Chapter 5 making necessary changes here or waiting until you have inserted the text into the final location Since we haven t actually called up
9. National Instruments Corporation 7 1 HiQ User Manual The HiQ Script Language Chapter 7 NOTATION CONVENTIONS In the following pages scripts are presented in Courier typeface if i lt 3 then a sin x end if Script items buried in sections of text appear in Courier typeface For example discussion of the HiQ Script if statement should be easy to identify Data TYPES HiQ Script is not a strongly typed language which relieves you of the need to explicitly define a variable as integer real or complex Data types are determined by the types of the symbols in the expression at the time the script is executed For example if you wish to evaluate x 2 i where i is an integer x will automati cally be typed as an integer If i were a real number x would be real It is always possible to lock a variable s type manually however Numeric data types are divided into two categories the data representation s atomic type integer real or complex and the dimension type scalar vector or matrix The default dimension category is scalar Type 680x0 Macintosh Power Macintosh Integer 32 bit signed integer Range 2147483648 to 2147483647 Atomic Real 80 bit floating point numbers 64 bit floating point numbers T Range 1 1897314953572231765e 4932 Range 1 7976931348623159e 308 Se to 1 1897314953572231765e 4932 to 1 7976931348623159e 308 Complex two 80 bit floating point numbers two 64 bit floating
10. Radius You can also access this dialog box by selecting Rename Symbol from the File menu You may have difficulty locating a Symbol on a multi page Worksheet First select the Symbol in the Symbol ai List then click on the Find button to scroll the Worksheet to the appropriate location and highlight the Sym bol of interest From the Worksheet you can also use Find on Worksheet in the File menu which brings up the following dialog box Find Symbol named You may use the Find button in the Symbol List if you want to select the symbol name froma list You may also select a symbol on the Worksheet then choose Find Symbol to find the next occurrence of that symbol on the Worksheet Type the symbol s name and click on Find Symbol Clicking on the Place button places a Symbol or Symbols on the Worksheet Compiled scripts represent a special case of symbols which may be placed on the Worksheet A compiled script acts like an application on the Macintosh desktop you double click on it to run the program or high light it then select Run from the Worksheet menu The way to place one of these on the Worksheet is to first compile a program in the Script Editor then use the Place command in the Symbol List See the Script Editor chapter for a full explanation Clicking on the Edit button or double clicking on the symbol s name allows you to edit the symbol s data in a separate
11. The following operators are supported for integer real and complex data types as appropriate HiQ User Manual 7 6 National Instruments Corporation Chapter 7 Numerical operators include the following The HiQ Script Language Operator Description addition subtraction k multiplication division Nior exponentiation remainder factorial k matrix or vector transpose Operator precedence is discussed in the next section x is supported for factorial of x and A delivers the transpose of matrix A Logical operators are Operator Description and logical and not logical not or logical or lt less than gt greater than equal l not equal lt gt not equal lt less than or equal gt greater than or equal National Instruments Corporation 7 7 HiQ User Manual The HiQ Script Language Chapter 7 A few of the most commonly used attribute operators are included in the language and the remainder appear as built in functions To set a variable to the real part of a complex scalar realPartofZ z r Conversely to set the real part of the scalar z to the current value of a Z 0 a The same goes for the imaginary part imagPartofZ z i z i b OPERATOR PRECEDENCE Operator Precedence Description Higher to Lower left to right gt 1 no
12. Undo captures everything since the last editing command For example if you have just used the Clear com mand to delete some text Undo will change into Undo Clear which gives you some indication of what you are about to undo Once you have selected Undo the title become Redo allowing you to go back and forth Any new activity such as typing resets the Undo The Text Editor supports text font font size and style formatting Attributes chosen from the Font Size or Style menu apply to selected text If no text is chosen when a format attribute is changed the new format will be considered the default for subsequent input Text in the Text Editor will be wrapped to the size of the window To change line length at any time simply adjust the width of the window Text in an expanded text Symbol on the Worksheet will wrap to the size of the Symbol and it will do so inde HiQ User Manual 9 2 National Instruments Corporation Chapter 9 The Text Editor pendently of the size of the Editor window Project1 String1 This is an example of a text symbol When text is in expanded view on the Worksheet page it will wrap to the size of the bounding rectangle It is independent of the size of the Text Editor window This is an example of a text symbol When text is in expanded view on the Worksheet page it This is an example of a text symbol When text will wrap to the size of the is in expanded view on the Worksheet page it bounding
13. 0 024325 1 2 0 036456 0 0416667 0 0392 0 0113333 0 03832 0 031 0 0325333 0 0873333 0 159667 0 020325 To generate a script click on Save Script before running the Problem Solver HiQ User Manual function bvpFcto0 t arg_a 1 0 A 1 1 0 A 1 2 1 A 2 1 0 A 2 2 0 return A end function function termFct0O t arg_a 1 0 C 1 0 C 2 t 2 return C end function toleranc local start finish stepSize shootAlgorithm ivpType start 0 finish 1 stepSize 0 1 tolerance 1 0e 6 5 42 r maxStep National Instruments Corporation Chapter 5 Problem Solvers maxStep 0 25 shootAlgorithm lt simple gt ivpType lt IV_bulr gt project leftBoundConds0O rightBoundConds0O rightHandSide0 bvpMatrix0 bvpVector0 OdeBvpGenLinear bvpFct0 termFct0 leftBoundConds0O rightBoundConds0O rightHandSide0O start finish stepSize maxStep tolerance shootAlgorithm ivpType Were you to run this script from scratch you would first have to set up the vectors leftBoundConds0 right BoundConds0 and rightHandSide0 in the Data Editor as shown earlier in this example INTEGRAL EQUATIONS The Integral Equation Solver handles the following types of integrals Volterra of the First Kind Kees as 209 a lt t lt b Volterra of the Second Kind f t f K ts f s ds g t a lt t lt b Fredholm of the
14. 6 Click on the run arrow to execute the program and generate the output for the items checked at the bottom When present the right arrow allows you to see the next screen and the left arrow takes you to the previous screen The help windows are non modal so you may leave them open for reference while working in other windows Dismiss the help system by closing the windows FUNCTIONS amp TABLES MENU To help you use the many built in functions available in HiQ the Functions amp Tables command in the Edit menu presents a list of all functions broken down by category In addition to providing a handy reference to the form of built in functions this facility may be used to insert a prototype function call in your Problem Solver setup or script For example in a Problem Solver setup you wish to multiply the third row of the matrix A by the matrix B but you don t remember the arguments to the built in function which returns a row of a matrix HiQ User Manual 5 6 National Instruments Corporation Chapter 5 Problem Solvers 1 Select Functions amp Tables from the Edit menu Functions amp Tables Table Built in functions w Function Type Animation Functions Basic Matrix Functions Business Functions Data Fitting Functions Derivative Formula Functions Eigenvalue Functions Fourier Analysis Functions Geometric Functions Graphical Functions HiQ Script Prototype
15. The following line would also be flagged as a compilation error project a a To change the default scope of variables use the assume statement assume affects the default variable scope only at the level at which it is used If you place the statement assume local in an external script all variables not explicitly declared project would be local in scope but there would be no effect on any functions defined within that script Similarly if you placed the statement assume project in a function all variables not explicitly declared local would be project in scope but the external script would not be touched Project variables are HiQ symbols and are treated just as symbols you define at the Worksheet level Local variables do not appear in the Symbol List and exist only during execution of the script in which they are defined Local variables defined within a function are destroyed when the function returns National Instruments Corporation 7 5 HiQ User Manual The HiQ Script Language Chapter 7 FORM As with most modern languages HiQ Script is essentially free of line oriented restrictions Because of the language s combination of required keywords and the semicolon statement terminator statements may start anywhere on a line and may span multiple lines Where a space is required between words any number of spaces will do Empty lines are acceptable All compound keywords in HiQ Script may be written without the optional
16. next while repeat repeat forever exit repeat next repeat for i Local variable declarations f Complex root input exit for ae next for a select f case fe default f HiOSeript problem solver call exit select fi next case compRtO RootPolynomial lt f a gt next iteration 1 0 1 0 16 09 32 0 24 0 8 0 1 4 National Instruments Corporation Chapter 1 Introducing HiQ Finally the Worksheet with which you organize your data and problem setup is also capable of presenting your complete analysis in both electronic and hard copy forms Errors Intro Worksheet INTEGER Velocity A project Vehicle Error weight0 local A b U V S polyDegree tolerance i j polyDegree 3 tolerance 1 0e 11 A b formpolyfit polyDegree Vehicle Error weight0 gt U S U sud Ad polyCoefficientsO polyResidualO svdfitcU V S b polyuFitGraphO new2DGraph Polynomial fit graph gt polyFitDataPlotO new2DDataPlot Vehicle Error pointPlot polyFitDataPlot0 gt addPlot polyFitGraphO polyFitDataPlot0 tolerance National Instruments Corporation DataFit _script1 Vehicle Errors fitted curve 2 3 Vehicle 1 5 HiQ User Manual CHAPTER 2 GETTING STARTED This chapter leads you through getting HiQ up and running on your Macintosh You will learn about the sys tem re
17. repr Depending on the current value of i one and only one of the case blocks is executed then control is trans ferred to the statement following end select If i 2 z would be calculated as cos theta and nothing else within the select block would happen If i is not 1 2 or 3 the default block would be executed setting z to zero The select expression is evaluated each time a comparison is made ITERATION STATEMENTS Three looping constructs are available for end for while do end while repeat end repeat when National Instruments Corporation 7 13 HiQ User Manual The HiQ Script Language Chapter 7 FOR The most powerful and probably most used looping construct is the for statement HiQ Script s for con struct looks like this in general form for identifier exprl to expr2 step expr3 do statements end for The expressions defining the beginning ending and step conditions may be any valid integer or real HiQ Script expression The end and step expressions are evaluated once at the beginning of the loop Loops may proceed in a negative direction by assigning start end and step values appropriately To run the loop from i 10 to i 5 the form would be for i 10 to 5 step 1 do statements end for The HiQ Script compiler always adds the step expression value If start end and step conditions are defined by expressions which evaluate to inconsistent conditions you will see a runtim
18. x 0 x0 x 1 x 1 x1 o RHS 6 The default number of equations is 3 so select the number of inputs field n and edit the 3 to 2 Type the equation coefficients A and C where f p 8 Type the values of left and right boundary condition matrices and the right hand side vector RHS by double clicking on each input icon gt Projecti leftBoundCondsO Project1 rightBoundCondsO 3 HiQ User Manual 5 40 National Instruments Corporation Chapter 5 Problem Solvers Project1 rightHandSide gt All of the default values in the Options section are correct The setup looks like Project1 0DEBUP1 aE ed Left BC Matrix Right BC Matrix RHS Vector r E brpVeotor Method Linear BUP v Cayea Pe iss fee Finish shooting IVP Type ice De 6 1 Simple Smooth oo Maximum Step March O RKF 02 o1 Local substitutions EJ Execute O Save script O Verbose 9 Click on the run button OUTPUT After executing the problem solver 1 double click on the Outputs icons to view the results bypMatrix0 contains the time history of x 1 and x 2 National Instruments Corporation 5 4 HiQ User Manual Problem Solvers Chapter 5 corresponding to the 11 equally spaced time steps contained in bvpVector0 0 0659035 0 006325 0 003 0 0165333 0 0806667 3 0 0743333 0 0312 0 062
19. Light _2 gt Type C Directionai Intensity Position Latitude 45 _ Longitude o Cancel Apply L ok_ The default lighting direction is latitude 45 deg and longitude 0 deg This corresponds to light coming from a position looking along the x axis towards the origin and 45 degrees up from the x y plane Graph3D3 a hi EX Hea Hall tf os tu AL h al 2 Axis 0 0 To light the surface from a direction similarly 55 degrees above the horizontal but this time from the x z plane 1 select Lighting from the Graph menu HiQ User Manual 6 28 National Instruments Corporation Chapter 6 The Graph Editor 2 set Latitude to 55 3 set Longitude to 90 and 4 click on OK Graphs Graph3D3 Graph3D3 PA 05 HN ff res i Meir oe xis 0 0 IR AW tll 0 W hi iy i The other method of setting the lighting angle is to use the Lighting tool 1 click on the Lighting tool 2 click on somewhere anywhere in the graph area and hold down the mouse button In a moment you will see a globe lighted from the current lighting direction The lighting globe may not appear instantly Graphs Graph3D3 Graph3D3 rien 4 uf KU MTA AN j a Y Ay W National Instruments Corporation 6 29 HiQ User Manual The Graph Editor Chapter 6 If you move your mouse around you ll notice that the black d
20. See the next section for grid control The number specified here inserts minor grid lines between the major grid lines Hence if major grid lines fell at 0 2 4 etc setting Divs to 1 would force minor grid lines at 1 3 5 etc You can select either Linear or Log scaling Label notation can be either scientific or decimal In the case of a 2D graph normal axis label placement has the y axis labels along the left side of the graph and x axis labels at the bottom Should you wish to place the x axis labels along the top of the graph or the y axis labels along the right side select Reverse in the Placement group Select Vertical Title and Vertical Labels to rotate the axis title and labels 90 degrees Clicking on Cancel dismisses the dialog box without making any changes that you may have specified Apply makes your changes without dismissing the dialog box and OK makes changes and dismisses the dialog box National Instruments Corporation 6 9 HiQ User Manual The Graph Editor SETTING GRAPH OPTIONS To control the more general aspects of your graph select Graph Options Graph Options Graph Title Graph2D1 A Show Title A Show Labels K Show Axes O Show Legend O Show Grids A Auto Clip Auto Scale Any or all of the following items may be chosen J Graph Title specifies the title shown at the top of the graph Show Title if you don t want a title to appear click to remove the x Show Axes whe
21. minValue0 optVector0 optIterationsO OptConGradient optFct0 initVector0 tolerance maxIterations Darta FITTING The Data Fitter finds the best fit of a function to a set of data it fits data by least squares To start the Data Fitter from the Worksheet place a Data Fitter Symbol on the Worksheet and double click on it To start the Data Fitter from the Solvers menu select Data Fitting from the Solvers menu To start the Data Fitter from the Create Menu 1 select Create Symbol 2 click on Problem Solver in the left column click on Data Fitting in the right column National Instruments Corporation 5 51 HiQ User Manual Problem Solvers Chapter 5 3 type a name and click on Create amp Edit Project1 DataFit1 Inputs Input vectors must be of equal dimension to run this solver x ectorO 1 0 yvectorO 1 0 Data Points X Measurements Y 7 xV ectorO yVectorO lineFitResidualO ptions Estimation Type Line Fit Polynomial Fit General Fit Data Fit Plot Parameters a ena Use Input Data Local substitutions The Data Fitter problem solver enables you to fit data with two basic methods linear estimation line fit polynomial fit and general fit and nonlinear estimation HiQ User Manual 5 52 National Instruments Corporation Chapter 5 Problem Solvers SAMPLE PROBLEM Consider the following data
22. 0 1 0 compRt0O RootPolynomial f a GENERAL Roots Use this Problem Solver to determine a real zero of a single variable real valued function f x find the solu tion of the equation f x 0 in a specified closed interval a b or compute a real or complex root of the func tion f z find a complex solution of the equation f z 0 nue To start the General Root Solver from the Worksheet place a General Root Solver Symbol on the Worksheet sae and double click on it To start the General Root Solver from the Solvers menu select General Roots from the Solvers menu To start the General Root Solver from the Create Menu 1 select Create Symbol 2 click on Problem Solver in the left column 3 click on General Roots in the right column type a name and HiQ User Manual 5 28 National Instruments Corporation Chapter 5 Problem Solvers 4 click on Create amp Edit Project1 GenRoots1 fix in fix 0 Local substitutions SAMPLE PROBLEM Let us find a real root of the following equation e x 0 between 0 and 10 INPUTS 5 Type the left side of the equation above in the f x in f x 0 window 6 Type 0 and 10 as the left and right endpoints OPTIONS Method choices include e Bisection the modified Dekker s method for computing a real root of a single variable real valued function in a specified closed interval See RootBisection function description
23. 12 9 1985 9 0 1986 7 6 1987 11 9 1988 15 4 1989 16 8 1990 15 3 SETTING UP THE INPUT DATA We ll enter the data in two column vectors We have a choice of setting up the data from the Worksheet and linking those vectors to the Problem Solver s inputs or doing the whole thing from within the Problem Solver We ll do the latter The Data Fitter s default input names xVector0 and yVector0 aren t very descriptive so we ll change their names in the process Although dealing with Symbols on the HiQ Worksheet is similar to handling files and folders on the Mac intosh desktop you need to be aware of one important difference In System 7 there are two ways of changing a file s name you can either select the icon press return on the keyboard and edit or you can simply click within the file s name On the HiQ Worksheet you must click on the Symbol to select it then press return After that editing proceeds normally National Instruments Corporation 2 7 HiQ User Manual Getting Started Chapter 2 To change the x vector s name 1 Click on the xVector0 icon in the Data Points X box Both the icon and the name are highlighted 2 Type Year To enter the year data 3 Double click on the Year icon The Data Editor will open First Problem Year Looking very much like a spreadsheet the Data Editor is used to input and view scalars vectors and matri ces We ll need an 11 element column vec
24. Language 0 0 0 0 0cccccccceeseeceteeteees 7 1 Sepipt Editor sasao ana chavs cotton ites hac os erse Erens esie 7 1 Notation Conventions seesseeeeeeseeesseeerereerrsrssesrssrerrsreersreeses 7 2 Data Types E ices onc E E 7 2 AULOMAUC Typing csini nrerin esi eeisreer ses se s 7 3 Variable Names 22 2 4 sscoteeccitcetes dreie i woud iE 7 3 Scope Of Variables isisisi inesi erisia nTa 7 4 JELOS m a 1 is sedss cases ta cosa tg E E AEE EE AE cases srdesep susaueusco E 7 6 COMMENES jsessccssvssssssessyech pas Hadstasesetiastaamasieeesheateatee a EE 7 6 Operators miian ia shane k a eee Sie AI AS 7 6 Operator Precedence 25sscesessssssessesssseseecensssescsseboseescevessvene 7 8 HiQ User Manual viii National Instruments Corporation Contents Statements e284 ainda wise E E dake R 7 8 Matrices and Vectors peores pices sescesseersessh feces sdsetievapeoeeeeeet 7 9 Matrix Arithmetic ole cee eseese E 7 11 Conditional Execution Statements 0 0 0 eee ee eeeeeeeereeeeeeee 7 12 Tf sci iid AiR aha Sek a ER 7 12 SELECE fare inion Hatten E E EEEE EE 7 12 Iteration Statements 0 elec ceseeeeceseeeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeeeeeens 7 13 BOR haane ach eoute tissue eth ANRE 7 14 While y2 aiid Riise Rhea Rae is 7 14 REPO AE EEE ses oe eee scrapes optsn gees lt gateaveessy EEEE EE 7 15 Block Escape Statement 0 000 eeeeceeeesceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeseeees 7 15 IN OX bic has A E tree catoneateanbevts E 7 15 Bxit ny na nd Menon ei eis SAA GAN 7 16 O
25. Optimization All the tools that expand the ones with the small triangle are tear off tools By clicking on and dragging the tool the expanded tool choices will be drawn in a window which floats over the Worksheet For example if you were planning on creating a number of matrices of different types it would be convenient to have the matrix tool available at all times HiQ User Manual 3 14 National Instruments Corporation Chapter 3 The Worksheet 5 Click on the matrix tool then drag to where you would like to place the window INTEGER an INTEGER a Rea INTEGER als Li E EE Lif INTEGER Use the drag bar at the top of the window to move it and close the window with the standard close box at the left end of the drag bar The main Tool palette will reflect any selections made in the floating tool window You can still use the main palette selections made there will be reflected in the floating window ANNOTATING THE WORKSHEET A number of annotation tools are available to add explanations and graphical clarifications to your Worksheet including text lines rectangles circles and pictures You also have control over line thickness pen orienta tion and fill pattern National Instruments Corporation 3 15 HiQ User Manual The Worksheet Chapter 3 Tool Symbol Tool Symbol Text annotation b Pattern F l Shape N Line weight TEXT ANNOTATION Text
26. Projecti Vorksheet DA SO i a Ale With the expanded Symbol selected notice the grow handles at the corners and sides and the scroll bars along the bottom and right side With the corner grow handles you can change the size in both horizontal and verti cal directions with the grow handles in the center of the left and right sides you can adjust the size horizon tally and with the grow handles in the center of the top and bottom you can adjust the size vertically Scroll bars work as they do in any Macintosh window Deselecting the Symbol removes the grow handles and scroll bars from view To hide the symbol s name select the Symbol then choose Hide Name from the Worksheet menu The Show Name command puts it back You can bypass the manual method of sizing the window to view its contents by selecting the Fit to Contents command from the Worksheet menu The Symbol will be resized to show all its contents with the upper left corner anchored in position The expanded view of A in the picture above is enclosed by a frame You have the option of modifying that frame or deleting it entirely 1 Select vector A 2 Select Adornment from the Worksheet menu amp Adornment Bq Top A Rectangle H Left O Rounded Rect Bottom a A Right O Shadow HiQ User Manual 3 10 National Instruments Corporation Chapter 3 The Worksheet Click on whichever items strike your fancy Any combination of top left right and
27. Rainfall 1 11 weightO 1 11 Data Points x Measurements Y Year Rainfall Polynomial Degree m 2 polyCoefficientsO polyResiduald ptions Singular Tolerance Method Linear Y 1 0e 11 Estimation Type Weights Line Fit Polynomial Fit nea weightO General Fit Data Fit Plot Parameters weeny ean a Use Input Data Local substitutions With the Graph option selected a Data Fit Plot Parameters box appears in the Options area You have two choices in your plotting Smooth Curve plots the fitted curve using the specified number of data points and Use Input Data plots the fitted curve with the number of points in the input data Use a smooth curve with 256 points which is the default 4 Press the run button National Instruments Corporation 2 11 HiQ User Manual Getting Started Chapter 2 OUTPUT So where did all the output go The output data have been placed in symbols All symbols may be viewed and edited in their editors the vectors in the Data Editor and the graph in the Graph Editor Symbols which do not appear as icons in the Data Fitting Problem Solver are available through the Symbol List which we ll look at shortly The basic numerical output data is readily available from the Problem Solver These output symbols are rep resented by icons in the Outputs group 1 Double click on the polyCoefficients0 icon to open the output vector in the Data Editor First Problem po
28. Started Worksheet menu but for now the default one page is good enough THE PROBLEM The problem before us is to fit a curve through 11 years of average rainfall data plot the result and present an overview of the analysis One approach to the problem would be to create vectors incorporating the year and rainfall data then write a program in the HiQ Script language to feed that data to a built in function which would fit a polynomial curve to the data and return the coefficients We could then open the Graph Editor and graph the resulting curve This approach requires that you first learn enough of HiQ Script to write a simple script search through the Reference Manual to find the proper function and work through graphing the result However there is a better way DATA FITTING PROBLEM SOLVER We ll use the Data Fitting Problem Solver to lead us through data setup and build a graph of the results To open a Data Fitter 1 Move the pointer to the Problem Solver tool in the Tool palette 2 Hold down the mouse button until the tool expands File Edit Window Create Solvers Worksheet gt 2 Nim a Ext First Problem Worksheet Problem Solver Tool 3 Move the pointer to the Data Fitting tool and release the button one Xf E x ODE IVP The Data Fitting tool is now selected When you click in the Worksheet an icon will be placed on the work surface representing the Data Fitter For future r
29. SysNewton function description in the Reference Manual s Quasi Newton See SysQuasiNewton function description in the Reference Manual s Brent See SysBrent function description in the Reference Manual We choose the Newton method in this case 2 Double click on the initial estimate vector icon to bring up the input form 3 Type the initial conditions vector and close the window Projectl initvector0 H 4 Use default values for maxIterations fTolerance and xTolerance Local substitutions may be used to minimize typing in the equation input area above For example if there were a constant ml 23429 674537845 appearing throughout the system of equations you would most certainly prefer to type m1 rather than that number To do so type the constant in the Local Substitutions window replacing the arg_a 1 0 default To use more than one local substitution tab to or manually select the number in the Local Substitutions view title bar and insert the desired number of local substitutions The appropriate number of lines will appear Tab from one field to the next filling in your values 5 Click on the run button the right facing arrow between the input and output areas OUTPUTS HiQ places the results in the Outputs area In this case the output is a three component vector soln Vector0 HiQ User Manual 5 20 National Instruments Corporation Chapter 5 Problem Solvers which looks like Project1 so
30. To set up the rainfall data 6 Click on the yVector0 icon in the Measurements Y box and type Rainfall 7 Double click on the Rainfall icon 8 Increase the size of the matrix to 11 rows 9 Input the rainfall data using the same steps as for Year First Problem Rainfall gt 10 Click on the close box and save your data We want a polynomial degree 2 fit so click on the Polynomial Fit button in the Estimation Type box in the Options area 11 Change the 1 to a 2 in the Polynomial Degree box in the Inputs area HiQ User Manual 2 10 National Instruments Corporation Chapter 2 Getting Started The Polynomial Fit routine requires a vector of weights of the same dimension as the input data The Solver automatically creates the weight0 vector to be of the proper dimension and sets all elements to 1 We ll use the default values for this example but to be sure that the weight0 vector has been created 1 Double click on the weight0 icon in the Options area to check the weights 2 When you have confirmed that all 11 cells are set to 1 click on the close box In addition to obtaining the equation s coefficients we also want to graph the results 3 If it is not checked already click on the Graph option at the very bottom of the window You may have to scroll the window down to see the bottom First Problem DataFit1 Inputs Input vectors must be of equal dimension to run this solver Year 1 11
31. a Problem Solver at this point we will make the changes locally then cancel the whole thing v getRow A k Typically a Problem Solver will require an expression input rather than an equation so 4 select everything to the left of getRow and press the delete key 5 We also won t need the semicolon at the end of the expression for a Problem Solver the semicolon s use is explained in the HiQ Script chapter so delete it as well 6 Replace k with 3 to get the third row of A and add B to perform the multiplication getRow A 3 B Were we ready to actually use this expression the next step would be to press OK In this case 7 click on Cancel PREFERENCES To tailor the general Problem Solver setup to your needs select Preferences for from the File menu Select HiQ if you want these preferences to be standard every time you launch HiQ or Worksheet if you wish to limit these preferences to just subsequent Problem Solvers on this Worksheet 1 Select Preferences for from the File menu and select Project from the submenu 2 Select Problem Solvers from the Subject menu gt gt Projecti Preferences Subject Problem Solvers v Default run modes A Graph Execute Sawe Script Verbose Default run mode choices are as follows Graph generate a graph of the output values A graph symbol will be stored in the Symbol List e Execute run the Problem Solver to obtain numeric val
32. a blank script National Instruments Corporation 3 7 HiQ User Manual The Worksheet Chapter 3 16 Type the following script which creates a vector containing the squares of the values in A for i l to 5 do B i A i 2 end for Don t forget the semicolons at the end of lines two and three Project1 TestScript m ooo for i 1 to 5 do function BLil ALi 2 if else else if exit if while exit while next while repeat repeat forever exit repeat next repeat for exit for next for select case default 17 Click on the Run button 18 Click on the TestScript window s close box An alert will appear asking whether you wish to save the script Click on Yes To complete our visual problem setup we will place a Symbol representing the output vector B on the Work sheet page 19 Select Symbol List from the File menu HiQ User Manual 3 8 National Instruments Corporation Chapter 3 The Worksheet If your Worksheet has been used for nothing but this example the Symbol List looks like this Project1 Symbol List amp Scalar EJ Hig Script 4 Graph a Vector EJ Piot EJ Matrix EJ Movie EJ Compiled Script TestScript_Run amp String 4 Function amp Problem Solver EJ Picture Show Other o Script Results go Invalid Script Yariable Names o Name Contains fous pinyes Stet Megs
33. a horizontal or vertical orientation producing a rect angle with horizontal and vertical sides of differing weights The numbers N 5 across the top of the palette HiQ User Manual 3 20 National Instruments Corporation Chapter 3 The Worksheet refer to a line of zero height and increasing width Similar numbers along the left side refer to a line of zero width and increasing height WORKSHEET PREFERENCES There is a complete preferences facility which allows you to tailor the program to your way of working Select Preferences for from the File menu Preferences for Project Page Setup Print One Print Quit You have two choices in where to apply your preferences e HiQ sets new defaults for the program Your new preferences will be active whenever you relaunch HiQ or open or create a new worksheet The new defaults will not affect the current worksheet e Project sets the defaults for this Worksheet only In either case new settings will not take effect in editors which are currently open When you first open the Preferences window you will see EE Projecti Preferences Subject Problem Solvers v p Default run modes A Graph H Execute Save Script Verbose National Instruments Corporation 3 21 HiQ User Manual The Worksheet Chapter 3 To see the Worksheet preferences activate the Subject pull down menu and se
34. and cos t for y t 5 Be sure Interval is selected for t the other choice is to define t from a vector 6 Set the range of t to n to 1 with 256 steps Add Plot Plot Title Coordinates Cartesian Polar Cylindrical Plot Type Range Function 7 x t sin t y t cos t From 3 1415926534 To 3 1415926534 Steps 265 7 Click on Add Graph2D1 Y Axis 0 Prot t A X Axis HiQ User Manual 6 8 National Instruments Corporation Chapter 6 The Graph Editor SETTING UP THE GRAPH S AXES Selecting Axis Options from the Graph menu allows you to control axis title e range e scaling and e label notation and placement The Axis Options dialog box appears as follows Axis Options Anis _H Axis v Title X Axis Range Scaling Fromet Linear fa Log Divs Decimal Normal Label Notation Placement ed Reverse O vertical Title C Vertical Labels The axis name is a pull down menu which allows you to select the x y or in the case of a 3 dimensional graph the z axis The Range group allows you to specify the range of values covered by the axis If the Auto Clip graph option is active see the next section the From and To specifications are dimmed since you have specified no man ual control of these parameters Divs allows you to modify the grid to your liking
35. at least that much free space on your hard disk when you start HiQ If you will be using multiple Worksheet files there will be multiple swap files and you will have to consider the aggregate hard disk space Where the temporary files are located on your hard disk depends on the version of Apple system software you are using s System 6 0 5 through 6 0 7 temporary files are located in the System Folder of your startup device the disk you boot from in a folder called HiQ Temp Files 7 System 7 temporary files are located on the startup device in a file at the root level named Temporary Items This is a hidden file so you won t actually see it on the desktop HiQ removes temporary files when you quit the program If execution is interrupted HiQ will remove the temporary files when it is next launched PRINTING To print your Worksheet select Print from the File menu If you wish to print less than the entire document type the page range A multiple page Worksheet prints in the following order HiQ User Manual 3 30 National Instruments Corporation CHAPTER 4 THE DATA EDITOR The Data Editor provides an intuitive facility for creating viewing and editing all of HiQ s numeric symbols including scalars vectors and matrices The editor automatically handles all data types integer real and complex and is easily accessible from other editors and the Symbol List Numeric Problem HiQ Scr
36. by an inverse F A B is the same as F A inv B If the divisor is a scalar then the resulting matrix consists of each element of the dividend divided by the sca lar CONDITIONAL EXECUTION STATEMENTS IF HiQ Script provides the full functionality of the if then else if construct The if statement must be terminated with end if A simple example if i lt 3 then a sin x end if A more complex example if i lt 3 then a sin x b cos y else if i gt 5 then a cos x b sin y a 0 b 0 end if SELECT The select statement allows you to select a variable from a list of values and to execute a block of code associated with that value The path taken depends upon the current value of the select expression The basic form is select expression from case expression statements case expression statements HiQ User Manual 7 12 National Instruments Corporation Chapter 7 The HiQ Script Language default statements end select Let s take a simple example to see how the select statement works Suppose that depending on the value of the variable i you wish to assign the following possibilities to the variable z i Z 1 sin theta 2 cos theta 3 sin theta cos theta Everything else 0 The script for this example is select i from case 1 Z case Z case Zz sin theta cos theta default z 0 end select sin theta cos theta
37. complex numbers and e column width HiQ User Manual 4 10 National Instruments Corporation CHAPTER 5 PROBLEM SOLVERS Problem Solvers allow intuitive access to many of the most complex HiQ functions You may use a Problem Solver to immediately execute the solution or to produce a script which you can then use in your own HiQ Script functions There is nothing about this process that you cannot do yourself the Problem Solver simply generates a call to one or more of HiQ s built in functions complete with all necessary input parameters Numeric j Problem HiQ Script Built In Functions Before looking at each of the ten Problem Solvers in detail we ll get an idea of their general capabilities by considering the Nonlinear Systems Solver as an example STARTING A PROBLEM SOLVER A Problem Solver is a graphical user interface in HiQ that you use to solve mathematical problems A Prob lem Solver is a symbol so you can display it on a Worksheet in icon view Unlike data text graphic and script symbols Problem Solvers do not have an expanded view You can access Problem Solvers through the Solver menu or through the Problem Solvers on the Tool palette However in the first steps of this exercise you will access the Problem Solver through the Create menu I 1 Select Create Symbol from the Create menu 2 click on Problem Solver in the left column l 3 click on Nonlinear Systems in the right column 4 type a name or
38. format tab delimited default comma delimited or space delimited HiQ User Manual 10 4 National Instruments Corporation APPENDIX A CUSTOMER COMMUNICATION For your convenience this appendix contains forms to help you gather the information necessary to help us solve technical problems you might have as well as a form you can use to comment on the product documen tation Filling out a copy of the Technical Support Form before contacting National Instruments helps us help you better and faster National Instruments provides comprehensive technical assistance around the world In the U S and Canada applications engineers are available Monday through Friday from 8 00 a m to 6 00 p m central time In other countries contact the nearest branch office You may fax questions to us at any time National Instruments Corporate Headquarters 6504 Bridge Point Parkway Austin TX 78730 5039 512 794 0100 Technical support fax 800 328 2203 512 794 5678 Branch Offices Phone Number Fax Number Australia 03 879 9422 03 879 9179 Austria 0662 435986 0662 437010 19 Belgium 02 757 00 20 02 757 03 11 Denmark 45 76 26 00 45 7671 11 Finland 90 527 2321 90 502 2930 France 1 48 65 33 00 1 48 65 19 07 Germany 089 7 14 50 93 089 7 14 60 35 Italy 02 48301892 02 48301915 Japan 03 3788 1921 03 3788 1923 Netherlands 01720 45761 01720 42140 Norway 03 846866 03 846860 Spain 91 640 0085 91 640 0533 Sweden 08 730 49 70 08 730 43 70 Switzerlan
39. from the center of the graph to another position You will see a rectangle move along with the mouse to indicate the graph s future position Graph2D1 os Y Axis 0 0 Plo I 0 5 The result should look like this Graphs TestGraph Graph2D1 os Y Axis 0 0 HiQ User Manual 6 14 National Instruments Corporation Chapter 6 The Graph Editor Holding down the shift key while dragging constrains the direction to the first motion if your first direction is horizontal as long as you hold the shift key down you will only be able to move the graph to the left or right Releasing the shift key lifts the constraint Double clicking on the Move tool will recenter the graph Use the Magnify tool to center the graph about a specific point and zoom in on that point To magnify an area of the graph 1 click on the Magnify tool then 2 click on at an interesting point and drag to increase the size of the zoom box We ll center the zoom about the 0 0 point then increase the box to include the nearest local maximum and minimum Notice that dragging the mouse outwards from the click point expands the zoom box and dragging it closer to the click point contracts the box Graph2D1 0s Y Axis 0 0 Plo I The magnified view follows Graphs TestGraph Graph2D1 National Instruments Corporation 6 15 HiQ User Manual The Graph Editor Chapter 6 D
40. in HiQ is manipulated with text symbols and is placed on the Worksheet with Symbols As you learn how to use text in this section keep in mind that behind each element of text on the page is a text symbol which can be manipulated just like any other symbol it appears in the Symbol List and is not deleted when cut from the Worksheet To add text annotation to your Worksheet 1 Click on the text annotation tool 2 Click on the Worksheet Project1 Worksheet A text symbol is placed on the Worksheet ready for editing Text is treated slightly differently from other symbols since it is much more likely that they will be used in expanded form By default a text Symbol appears in expanded form with neither a border nor a name You can always add a border or the Symbol s name by selecting Adornment or Show Name from the Worksheet menu As with other symbol types you can place a text Symbol of a desired size on the page by dragging as explained earlier in this section Text may be entered into the confines of the Symbol as though you were working in the Text Editor see the HiQ User Manual 3 16 National Instruments Corporation Chapter 3 The Worksheet chapter by that name Text will be wrapped at the edge and scroll bars will appear if the text goes below its lower border 3 Type the following or anything else that is a couple of lines long Project1 Worksheet HIQ built in functi
41. indicate the graph s future orientation You ll notice that the mouse seems attached to the front of the graph moving the mouse to the right rotates the box in a counterclockwise direc tion and moving the mouse up rotates the front of the box up Graph3D3 NN ENON A ONT TE WLLL De AY NJA os 2 Axis 0 0 After this rotation the graph ends up in the following orientation Graph3D3 National Instruments Corporation 6 27 HiQ User Manual The Graph Editor Chapter 6 If you don t like the new orientation of the graph you have several choices e select Default View from the Graph menu double click on the Rotate tool or select Undo from the Edit menu Undo is capable of reversing only one action so if you rotate the graph to ori entation one then rotate to orientation two then select Undo the graph will be returned to orientation one Holding the shift key down while using the rotate tool will constrain the rotation to the initial motion of the mouse either left and right rotation about the current vertical axis or up and down rotation about the cur rent horizontal axis LIGHTING Point source lighting is available by selecting the Lighted option from the Graph menu Changing lighting options may be accomplished through the Lighting item in the Graph menu and the Lighting tool Selecting Lighting from the Graph menu displays the following dialog box Lighting E
42. integral cos ax f x dx sin x f x dx involving sine and integOscillate Ja Ja cosine sin ax f x dx cos amp x f x dx Fourier integral integFourier Jo Jb b f x In x a In b x x a b x dx b z a b x BANCO ee ba Oe Definite integral of i integrand with loga rithmic singularity intAlgLogSingular f x In x a x a b x dx at endpoints b f x x a b x dx p pe a Indefinite integral f x dx f x d with one or two 109 dx ee unbounded limits integInfinite 5 23 HiQ User Manual Problem Solvers Chapter 5 Integral Description Function PX rb X1 Definite integral f x dx f x dx xj lt with break points integBkPts Ja IX Xn b Integral of integrand f x dx f smooth with high differenti integGauss Ta ality The default options are used for this problem The final setup should look like this Projecti NumIinteg1 numEval0 fxd doe val Max Evaluations x dx fgene 25000 relative error absolute error 1 0e 6 1 0e 6 Local substitutions 7 Click on the run button the right facing arrow between the input and output areas HiQ User Manual 5 24 National Instruments Corporation Chapter 5 Problem Solvers OUTPUT HiQ places the results in the Outputs area In this case the output is a scalar answer1 Projecti answer0 009098637539166842562 To generate a script cl
43. on the outside of the package before any equipment will be accepted for warranty work National Instruments will pay the shipping costs of returning to the owner parts which are covered by warranty National Instruments believes that the information in this manual is accurate The document has been carefully reviewed for technical accuracy In the event that technical or typographical errors exist National Instruments reserves the right to make changes to subsequent editions of this document without prior notice to holders of this edition The reader should consult National Instruments if errors are suspected In no event shall National Instruments be liable for any damages arising out of or related to this document or the information contained in it EXCEPT AS SPECIFIED HEREIN NATIONAL INSTRUMENTS MAKES NO WARRANTIES EXPRESS OR IMPLIED AND SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE CUSTOMER S RIGHT TO RECOVER DAMAGES CAUSED BY FAULT OR NEGLIGENCE ON THE PART OF NATIONAL INSTRUMENTS SHALL BE LIMITED TO THE AMOUNT THERETOFORE PAID BY THE CUSTOMER NATIONAL INSTRUMENTS WILL NOT BE LIABLE FOR DAMAGES RESULTING FROM LOSS OF DATA PROFITS USE OF PRODUCTS OR INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY THEREOF This limitation of the liability of National Instruments will apply regardless of the form of action whether in contract or tort including negligence Any action agains
44. reference listing of all variables used in the script along with the lines in which each variable appears and the line in which each variable is first defined If a script attempts to change a symbol currently loaded into an editor one of two things will happen 1 if no changes have been made in the editor since the last save the script will execute normally but 2 if there are unsaved changes the script will fail Since any symbol can be manipulated by HiQ Script it would be wise to close editors before executing a script To stop script execution press the command key and the period key together COMPILED SCRIPTS SB eq Once a script has been compiled it can be placed on the Worksheet and rerun by simply double clicking on its Symbol or selecting Run from the Worksheet menu with the Symbol highlighted A compiled script is by default named with _Run added to the script name so the compiled script for TestScript is TestScript_Run To place the Symbol on the WorkSheet open the Symbol List select the compiled script then click on the Place button National Instruments Corporation 8 7 HiQ User Manual The Script Editor Chapter 8 SAVING Your WORK You will be reminded to save or discard your script when you close the HiQ Script Editor For more control the following choices are available under the File menu E Save Symbol As saves the symbol with the name specified in the standard file dialog box s
45. set up a new 2D graph 1 select the 2D graph tool then VN 2 click on the Worksheet to place the Symbol 3 With the Selection tool active click on the graph s Symbol and press Return 4 Edit the name to something appropriate like TestGraph Graphs Worksheet AA TestGraph 5 Double click on the TestGraph icon HiQ User Manual 6 2 National Instruments Corporation Chapter 6 The Graph Editor You will see the Graph Editor open onto a default 2D graph Graphs TestGraph Graph2D1 The controls along the left side of the Graph Editor window allow you to manipulate the graph see Modify ing the Graph Editor View later in this chapter ADDING A 2D PLOT In this section we will see how to create a plot of a function a vector or row or column of a matrix and para metric curve FUNCTION PLOT Let s plot the function sin x cos 2 x from 7 to T National Instruments Corporation 6 3 HiQ User Manual The Graph Editor Chapter 6 6 Select Add Plot from the Plot menu Add Plot Plot Title Coordinates Cartesian Polar Cylindrical Range _Function 7 yx From 3 1415926534 To 3 1415926534 Steps 20 7 Move to the equation field by pressing the tab key 8 Type the equation for y x sin x cos 2 x 9 Tab to the Steps field and
46. t g t aes t3 g t 4 INPUTS 6 Set the number of inputs n to 2 7 Type the following expressions S Kit s f ds oft 8 9 Set the left end point to 0 0 the right end point to 1 0 and the number of mesh points to 11 National Instruments Corporation 5 45 HiQ User Manual Problem Solvers Chapter 5 OPTIONS Method choices include e Volterra of the First Kind see the IntEqnVolt1 function description in the Reference Manual Volterra of the Second Kind see the IntEqnVolt2 function description in the Reference Manual e Fredholm of the Second Kind see the IntEqnFredholm function description in the Reference Manual We choose the Volterra of the First Kind 10 Set the error tolerance to 1 0e 11 maximum iterations to 12 and do not check Deferred Correction The final problem setup is shown below Projecti IntegEqn S Kit s f ds glt expts t f 1 f 1 f 2 exp t t t 2 0 APERET IEIET AE solnPointsO of mesh a eee 1 End Point Right End Point fal el i 0 0 1 0 E intEqn ector meshPointsO Options Method Volterra of 1st kind v Tolerance 1 0e 11 Max Iterations 12 O Deferred Correction Local substitutions 11 Click on the run button OUTPUT Click on the icons for solnPointsO and meshPointsO to view the computed solution and the corresponding equally spaced mesh HiQ User Manual 5 46 N
47. the beginning of the line to act as auto indentation You can control the indentation appearance with the Indentation command under the Utility menu With the cursor now inside the outer loop 10 click on for in the Insert palette to set up the inner loop Project1 SampleScrip project A function if else else if end for exit if end for for i 1 to 5 do for IVar 1FirstValue to 2LastValue step 3Value do while exit while next while repeat repeat forever exit repeat next repeat for exit for next for select case default 11 Replace 1Var with j 1FirstValue with 1 2LastValue with 5 and delete step and step 3Value HiQ User Manual 8 10 National Instruments Corporation Chapter 8 The Script Editor 12 Click in the blank line inside the for loop to add the assignment statement Project1 SampleScript Run Compie Syntax Canet_ project A for i 1 to 5 do for j 1 to 5 do Ali j i j end for end for 14 Click on OK to dismiss the dialog box To see the effect of an error we ll add a couple to the current script 1 2 3 Delete do from the end of the line that reads for i l to 5 do Delete the semicolon at the end of the A i j click on Syntax line then end for missing semicolon National Instruments Corporation 8 11 HiQ User Manual The Script Editor Chapter 8 T
48. the computer era engineers and scientists have been reliant upon the mainframe computer to fulfill their numerical analysis requirements They have been using large unwieldy programs typically written in FORTRAN by technical people such as themselves or outside groups of corporate programmers Where mathematical algorithms were needed most such programs depended on either homegrown solutions public domain or commercial mathematical subroutine libraries which required extensive knowledge to inte grate into the program and sometimes even to debug Because most such in house programs were developed over time often with minimal financial resources by many different programmers the resulting software tended to be inflexible and poorly documented The user interface normally consisted of a rich collection of READ or INPUT statements and output was funneled through fixed format numeric listings and inflexible graphs It was an unusual program indeed that provided for even marginally flexible input and output format ting AND Now HiQ is the next natural evolutionary step in the progression of analysis software combining the computa tional power of mainframe programs with the personal computer s intuitive human interface In this one pack age you will find b an analysis engine consisting of over 600 state of the art mathematical and graphical functions a compiled scripting language which has been optimized to focus on the kind of work
49. tolerance ODE INITIAL VALUE The ODE Initial Value Problem Solver is designed to solve Z f t x a lt t lt b with x a Xo where x and f are n dimensional functions defined on the subsets of R containing a b and ReH respectively pm To start the ODE Initial Value Problem Solver from the Worksheet place an ODE Initial Value Problem SE Solver Symbol on the Worksheet and double click on it To start the ODE Initial Value Problem Solver from the Solvers menu select ODE Initial Value from the Solv ers menu To start the ODE Initial Value Problem Solver from the Create Menu 1 select Create Symbol 2 click on Problem Solver in the left column 3 click on ODE Initial Value in the right column 4 type a name and National Instruments Corporation 5 31 HiQ User Manual Problem Solvers Chapter 5 5 click on Create amp Edit Project1 0DEIUP1 x i fk xin t ivpVectorO Relative Error 1 e 6 Absolute Error 1 e 6 Graph Options Local substitutions SAMPLE PROBLEM Let us consider the solution of the following system of differential equations dx T 3x 2x d for0O lt t lt 1l x e 4x X with the initial values x 0 0 x 0 1 We ll use an absolute error of 1 0e 9 and a relative error of 1 0e 11 HiQ User Manual 5 32 National Instruments Corporation Chapter 5 Problem Solvers INPUTS The Initial Value Problem Solver s default numb
50. type in 100 10 Click on Add Cancel dismisses the Add Plot dialog box without performing an action The new plot is added to the graph Graphs TestGraph Graph2D1 Y Axis 0 0 HiQ User Manual 6 4 National Instruments Corporation Chapter 6 The Graph Editor DATA PLOT Creating a plot of data residing in a vector or matrix is similar to the procedure outlined above x and y values may come from any vector or matrix symbols in the Worksheet To keep things simple for now let s assume we have a vector x which represents the domain and a matrix y one column of which represents the range 1 1 4 9 16 25 2 4 9 16 25 36 x 3 y 9 16 25 36 49 4 16 25 36 49 64 5 25 36 49 64 81 If you wish to follow along with this example you ll need to create the x and y symbols Creating an integer vector and matrix in the Data Editor is the most expedient approach If you have looked ahead to the HiQ Script language and want to try out something simple the following script will create both symbols for i l to 5 do x i i for j 1 to 5 do yli j i j 1 2 end for end for 1 Create a new 2D graph and open it into the Graph Editor Select Add Plot from the Plot menu 3 To select the range data pull down the Range menu and select Data Range yoo Data 4 Click on Select to bring up the range dialog box nange Tata be ER None Chosen National Instruments Corporat
51. you will first define a plot and modify it to your requirements then define a graph context and finally add the plot to the graph Plots and graphs can be project variables which means that they will be listed in the Symbol List and graphs may be placed on the Worksheet Once you have created a graph in HiQ Script you can view your handiwork in the Graph Editor As an example we will plot the two functions 4 x and x42 Local x yl y2 1i First create a 2D graph and give it the title 2D Graph g new2DGraph 2D Graph Set up the three vectors for i 1 to 20 do x i i yl i i 2 y2 i 4 i end for Define plot pl with the title Plot of x 2 x is the domain vector yl is the range vector pl new2DDataPlot Plot of x 2 x yl Define plot p2 with the title Plot of 4x x is the domain vector y2 is the range vector p2 new2DDataPlot Plot of 4x x y2 National Instruments Corporation 6 37 HiQ User Manual The Graph Editor Chapter 6 Add plot pl to graph g addPlot g pl Add plot p2 to graph g addPlot g p2 The graph g and plots p1 and p2 are project variables which will show up in the Symbol List To view the graph 1 2 3 open the Symbol List by choosing Symbol List from the File menu select the graph g and click on Edit 2D Graph 400 4 Plot of x 300 4 Y Axis200 4 100 4 Plot of 4x T T T 1 5 10 15 20 A 3D GraPH wITH HIQ S
52. 7 NaN is not case sensitive notation 1 345e 12 The Numbers menu is used to select one of these options as well as specifying the number of digits to the right of the dec imal point Input infinity as Inf Inf or Inf not case sensitive Input Nan as Nan or Nan followed by a number between 0 and 255 in paren National Instruments Corporation 4 3 HiQ User Manual The Data Editor Chapter 4 Type Display Complex Complex numbers are displayed as ordered pairs 1 2 as the sum of real and imaginary parts 1 2i or as polar values 2 236 63 435 To specify the complex number format select Ordered Pair Sum or Angu lar from the Numbers menu NAVIGATION In addition to the standard Macintosh window scroll bars the Data Editor offers key commands to allow you to scroll through your data Key Motion Return Move one cell down Shift Return Move one cell up Tab Move one cell right Shift Tab Move one cell left Up Arrow Move one cell up Down Arrow Move one cell down Right Arrow Move one cell right Left Arrow Move one cell left Shift Up Arrow Move to top edge of matrix Shift Down Arrow Move to bottom edge of matrix Shift Right Arrow Move to right edge of matrix Shift Left Arrow Move to left edge of matrix To allow long selections unimpeded by the size of the visible window the Data Editor will automati
53. 7 5 R range 6 9 renaming a symbol from the Symbol List 3 27 from the Worksheet 3 6 Revert 3 29 Revert to last Save from the Worksheet 3 30 S scope of variables 7 4 to 7 5 Script Editor auto entry of blocks 8 3 automatic indentation 8 6 compilation errors window 8 12 compiling a script 8 7 cross reference 8 7 8 12 find 8 4 fonts 8 7 functions menu 8 6 Insert palette 8 3 keyboard navigation 8 3 line numbers 8 5 preferences 8 8 reverting to a saved version 8 8 running a script 8 7 script results stored in text symbol 8 12 terminating script execution 8 7 Solvers menu 3 5 symbol creating with the tool palette 3 12 to 3 15 definition 3 2 graph defined 6 1 National Instruments Corporation I 3 Index legal names 3 23 to 3 24 plot defined 6 2 Symbol List control of displayed symbols 3 23 to 3 27 creating a new symbol 3 23 deleting a symbol 3 26 editing a symbol 3 27 find 3 27 introduced 3 22 to 3 23 multiple selection 3 25 to 3 26 placing a Symbol on the Worksheet 3 27 renaming a Symbol 3 27 symbol names 3 23 to 3 24 Symbols in HiQ adornment 3 10 to 3 11 definition 3 2 expanded view 3 9 hiding the name 3 10 loading into an editor 3 11 resizing the expanded view 3 10 Undo 3 29 T terminating script execution 8 7 tool palette creating a symbol 3 12 to 3 15 default numeric type 3 4 floating window 3 3 list of tools 3 14 shape annotation 3 18 to 3 21 text ann
54. CRIPT 3 Dimensional graphs work the same as the 2D variety you create the 3D graph define the data for your plots then add the plots to the graph local x y zZ i First create a 3D graph and give it the title 3D Graph g3d new3DGraph 3D Graph Set up the x and y vectors HiQ User Manual 6 38 National Instruments Corporation Chapter 6 The Graph Editor for i 1 to 21 do x i i 1 lt pi gt 20 yli x i end for and the matrix which defines the surface for i 1 to 21 do for j 1 to 21 do z i j sin x il l yI jl end for end for Create a new 3D data plot with the title sin xy p new3DDataPlot Sin xy x y Z Render the graph as a hidden line graph Other choices include wireFrameGraph heightShading and lightSourceShading hiddenLineGraph g3d Add the plot to the graph addPlot g3d p The graph g3d and plots p are project variables which will show up in the Symbol List To view the graph 1 open the Symbol List by choosing Symbol List from the File menu 2 select the graph g3d and 3 click on Edit 3D Graph RN RON i N A A A WW Ne oa ii i os Z Axis 0 0 wit o You can do a lot more with Graph Editor functions from HiQ Script See the Graphics Functions section in the Reference Manual National Instruments Corporation 6 39 HiQ User Manual CHAPTER 7 THE HIQ SCRIPT LANGUAGE HiQ Sc
55. For example pi is defined as lt pi gt real 3 14159265358979323846 Language constants entries must be separated by a space tab or comma You may refer to this value any where that HiQ Script may be used including scripts Problem Solvers and the Graph Editor For example a line in a script might read x 2 lt pi gt freq Don t change the values of the predefined constants that ship with HiQ Doing so could result in scripts that don t run properly National Instruments Corporation 7 23 HiQ User Manual The HiQ Script Language HiQ Script KEYworps all exitif nextrepeatiteration and exitrepeat nextwhile assume exitselect nextwhileiteration block exitwhile not blocks false or case for project default forever repeat do foriteration repeatiteration else fors repeats elseif from return end function select endfor if selects endfunction ifs step endif iteration then endrepeat local to endselect next true endwhile nextcase when exit nextfor while exitall nextforiteration whileiteration exitblock nextiteration whiles exitfor nextrepeat HiQ User Manual 7 24 Chapter 7 National Instruments Corporation CHAPTER 8 THE SCRIPT EDITOR The Script Editor is used to create scripts in HiQ From within the editor you can e automatically enter language block constructs e accept function calls built from graphical problem so
56. HiQ and your 680x0 Macintosh is a server machine for other 680x0 and Power Macintosh machines HIQ FILEs The HiQ 2 1 Program Installer creates a HiQ 2 1 folder on your hard disk This folder contains the follow Hi921 ing items HiQ The HiQ 2 1 application maz z HiQ Constants 68kMac A text file containing useful HiQ Script constants for 680x0 Macintosh EEE stan EA machines See the Language Constants section in chapter 7 The HiQ Script Language HiQ Constants PowerMac A text file containing useful HiQ Script constants for Power Macintosh machines See the Language Constants section in chapter 7 The HiQ Script Language HiQeConstants PowerMac s HiQ Conversions A text data file containing conversions used by the convertUnits built in function See the convertUnits function in the Utility Functions chapter of the HiQ Reference Manual HiQeConversions A e HiQ Errors The HiQ error file used by HiQ s error reporting system Hi HieErrors e HiQ Help The HiQ help file used by HiQ s on line help system Hid HiQeHelp HiQ Sample Worksheets A folder containing a set of sample HiQ Worksheets HiQ Sample Worksheets HiQ Sample Data Files A folder containing a set of sample HiQ data files for use with some of the HiQ Sample Data Files sample HiQ Worksheets Quick START This section is for those who don t want to look at a user manual You may wish to quickly browse the next Natio
57. If you wish to modify individual elements of a matrix click on Edit Clicking on Override allows you to rede fine the symbol as described in the previous example In this instance we will use the current definitions so if you have brought this dialog box up click on Cancel 6 Uncheck the Graph option 7 Click on the run button An Execution Completed dialog box will appear 8 Click on OK To view the answer in the Data Editor 9 bring the Expression Evaluator to the front and 10 double click on the Outputs icon in this example evalRes_a1 in the Outputs section Project evalRes_al HiQ User Manual 5 16 National Instruments Corporation Chapter 5 Problem Solvers NONLINEAR SYSTEMS Use this Problem Solver to solve the nonlinear system of equations f X1 Xo Xn O fo x1 X2 Xn 0 fr X1 X2 e 9 Xn 0 or in equivalent vector form fX Xo X 0 where f b ees To start the Nonlinear System Solver from the Worksheet place a Nonlinear Systems Symbol on the Work sheet and double click on it To start the Nonlinear System Solver from the Solvers menu select Nonlinear Systems from the Solvers menu To start the Nonlinear System Solver from the Create Menu 1 select Create Symbol 2 click on Problem Solver in the left column 3 click on Nonlinear Systems in the right column National Instruments Corporation 5 17 HiQ User Manual Problem Solvers 4 type
58. Instruments Corporation Chapter 5 Problem Solvers 3 choose ExprEvall from the Window menu to bring the Problem Solver to the front and 4 double click on the icon in the Outputs area of the Expression Evaluator window The Expression Evaluator may also be used to plot 3D functions such as sin x cos y as each x and y range from 0 to 27 5 Enter sin x cos y into the Expression Input window Click on the Define Inputs button Click in the variable x line Click on the Iterate Variable button Set the iteration to range from 0 to 27 in steps of 0 3 oS CAAS W N Variable Definition Hold constant value Iterate value C From 0 to J 2 lt pi gt On 10 Click in the variable y line 11 Click on the Iterate Variable button 12 Set the iteration to range from 0 to 27 in steps of 0 3 Click on OK Variable Definition Use numeric symbol project variable h z Find Symbol Hold constant value TE Iterate value in steps of To differentiate the new results 13 Click on the output icon and change its name to Results3D National Instruments Corporation 5 13 Use numeric symbol roject variable oO a Find Symbol HiQ User Manual Problem Solvers Chapter 5 The setup looks like this Project1 ExprEvall Expression input sintx gt eosty gt Results3D Data elements erat
59. K HiQ User Manual 8 12 National Instruments Corporation Chapter 8 The Script Editor All project variables in the script become symbols In our example A i and j are all project variables and will be listed in the Symbol List To view them double click on their names in the Symbol List to load them into the Data Editor Projecti A If you have selected Generate a HiQ Script Summary in the Script Editor preferences a results string variable is created which contains a summary of activity caused by execution of the script The variable titled ScriptName_Results will be stored in a symbol It will automatically be displayed in a Text Editor window at completion of script execution Contents include execution time a list of all current symbols and a separate list of symbols created or modified during the script execution A number is appended to the symbol name so each execution of the script will generate a unique results symbol Project1 SampleScript_Results1 Execution time 0 283333 seconds New or Modified Symbols Maximum dimension of 30 rows and 30 columns displayed National Instruments Corporation 8 13 HiQ User Manual CHAPTER 9 THE TEXT EDITOR The Text Editor is used whenever text in the form of Worksheet annotations or script output messages need to be viewed or edited Because text is so frequently used to annotate a Worksheet the Text Editor has a unique
60. List Text will become a text symbol editable in the Text Editor see Text Annotation earlier in this chapter and graphics become picture symbols The Picture Editor is used only to provide a consistent approach to viewing symbols its editing capabilities are limited One level of undo is generally available throughout HiQ One level means that an action may be reversed until the next undoable action takes place For example if you clear a Symbol from the Worksheet then cut another item the clear is no longer undoable MANAGING Your DATA HiQ has some of the characteristics of a programming language that controls data files without your interven tion Unlike programs such as a word processor or spreadsheet in which you explicitly control when data is written to disk or read into main memory HiQ manages symbols which exist in these states Saved on disk until you overwrite the file on disk you can always get back to this state e Residing in main memory may be the same as currently stored on disk or not depending on whether it has been modified by execution of a script e Loaded into an editor data is loaded into an editor from main memory so any modifications made by a script execution will be included These three possible states are important to the next two sections which describe saving your data to disk and reverting it to a previously saved state Whenever you select the Save command in the File menu whe
61. M Modified Fri Mar 18 1994 11 45 AM ptions Import Symbol Name Pressure Import symbol Type Numeric Type Real v Import Method TEXT v The name of your file is now listed in the File Name box and information about that file is displayed directly below HiQ assumes that the symbol name of the imported file will be the same as that of the file edit it to match your needs Remember that typical Macintosh file names include spaces which are not legal characters in HiQ symbol names See the symbol name discussion in the Symbol List section of the Worksheet chapter 3 Select Numeric as the symbol type This is a popup menu with four choices Script Text Numeric and PICT 4 Select the appropriate numeric type from Integer Real and Complex Real is appropriate for this example 5 Finally select the import method Choices are currently limited to the following Text TEXT Numeric Tabbed Text there is a tab character between each item in a row and a carriage return at the end of the row Each tab signals the end of a field so two tabs between a pair of numbers will result in a zero placed between the numbers in the HiQ symbol Similarly a tab at the beginning of the line will result in a zero in the first cell and a tab at the end of the line before the concluding carriage return will result in a zero at the end Comma Text there is a comma between each item in a row and a carriage return at the end o
62. Manual Problem Solvers DEFINE INPUTS Define inputs as follows 1 Enter the expression into the Expression input area and 2 click on the Define Inputs button between the Inputs and Options areas a b c Project1 ExprEvall Expression input sintx gt costx Dota elements ndefined symbo EJ Graph RJ Execute O Save script O verbose DATA ELEMENTS Chapter 5 There are three columns in the data elements window to describe each variable status above variable name x and description Undefined symbol Status possibilities include variable hasn t yet been defined e local variable IC integer constant RC real constant CC complex constant IV integer vector RV real vector CV complex vector IM integer matrix HiQ User Manual 5 10 National Instruments Corporation Chapter 5 Problem Solvers RM real matrix CM complex matrix Clicking anywhere in the line brings up a dialog box which allows you to assign type and value s to the vari able You can do so any time to change the variable s definition 1 Click in the line containing x to see Variable Definition p Use numeric symbol project variable gt Find Symbol pC Hold constant value _ ox You have three choices in how to define your variable Use numeric symbol This option lets you equate a variable to a previously defi
63. Polynomial fit requires weights associated with each input data point X Y so double click on the weight0 icon to view the default weights The weights vector will be of the same dimension as the inputs and a default value of one will be assigned to each cell We ll use the default weights for this example 4 Be sure that the Graph checkbox at the bottom of the window is checked to generate a graph of the data National Instruments Corporation 5 55 HiQ User Manual Problem Solvers Chapter 5 and the fitted line Project1 DataFit1 Input vectors must be of equal dimension to run this solver x 1 11 Y 1 11 weightO 1 11 Data Points X Measurements Y el a polyCoefficients0 oe Bow polyResidual0 ptions F Singular Tolerance Method ia o Estimation Type weigh Line Fit Polynomial Fit REAL General Fit Data Fit Plot Parameters ean e el Use Input Data Local substitutions EJ Execute O Save Script Uerbo 5 Click on the run button 6 Double click on the polyCoefficients and polyResidual icons to view the coefficients and the sum squares of residuals of the resultant polynomial fit Project1 polyCoefficie Project1 polyResidual0 H 603247 4774506235564 71 84870600515977892 1 1 1 ar Oo ee o E 949 792 gt m 0 499107 4 8 75486e 05f iY Da HiQ User Manual 5 56 National Instruments Corporation Chapter 5 Problem So
64. Save Symbol saves the symbol with the current name 4 Save Copy of Symbol saves the contents of the symbol under a new name but the editor remains loaded with the original symbol and e Revert Symbol returns the editor s contents to the state at last save Before reading in the old data HiQ allows you to change your mind PRINTING A SCRIPT To print a script select Print from the File menu Line numbers and bold key words are printed if those options have been selected PREFERENCES Select Preferences for under the File menu to set preferences for future use of the Script Editor See Worksheet Preferences in the Worksheet Chapter for a description of the global preferences system SCRIPT EDITOR You have control over the following defaults in the Script Editor e Font typeface and size Line numbers e Keyword highlighting Show insert palette and e Automatic indentation EXECUTION In addition to editor controls you may also wish to set execution defaults e Results summary 7 Saving of results e completion notification The Results Summary is explained in the example section following HiQ User Manual 8 8 National Instruments Corporation Chapter 8 The Script Editor AN EXAMPLE Let s use a simple script to demonstrate most of the Script Editor s features project A for i 1 to 5 do 1 for j to 5 do A i j i 3 end for end for With this script we can go th
65. Second Kind f t f K ts f s ds g t as lt t lt b where f K and g are n dimensional functions fer To start the Integral Equation Solver from the Worksheet place an Integral Equation Solver Symbol on the g Worksheet and double click on it To start the Integral Equation Solver from the Solvers menu select Integral Equations from the Solvers menu To start the Integral Equation Solver from the Create Menu 1 select Create Symbol 2 click on Problem Solver in the left column 3 click on Integral Equations in the right column 4 type a name and National Instruments Corporation 5 43 HiQ User Manual Problem Solvers Chapter 5 5 click on Create amp Edit Projecti IntegEqn S Kit s f ds glt Left End Point Right End Point ike aot of mesh points 2 Options Method Volterra of Ist kind wv Tolerance 1 0e 6 Max Iterations 100 O Deferred Correction Local substitutions SAMPLE PROBLEM Solve the Volterra integral equations of the first kind 2 s t 2 t t gt fi s f s ds 1 e S 90 g 1 f 74 HiQ User Manual 5 44 National Instruments Corporation Chapter 5 Problem Solvers We may express the system of equations by f t K 45 s as g t where f s f s f s r J RETE f s gt K t s f s ds R 5 SEO Klasila 62950 s j 1 f s t t 2
66. The HiQ Script Language Both the prompt and default strings are optional An example follows userName getString What is your name What is your name Some editing capabilities are available in the text input field You may insert text at the insertion marker s location e move the text insertion point the vertical line with the mouse and arrow keys e select a portion of text by dragging over it with the mouse e select a word by double clicking on it e erase text with the delete key and e replace selected text by typing GETNUMBER To retrieve a single number use getNumber The input value can be integer real or complex number getNumber prompt_string default_number_string Notice that if you display a default value it must be in string form complete with quotes The number keyed into the edit field does not require quotes and the value returned number above is a number of integer real or complex type nodes getNumber Number of nodes 100 Number of nodes Cancel 0K Editing of the input text is the same as in getString National Instruments Corporation 7 19 HiQ User Manual The HiQ Script Language Chapter 7 FUNCTION DEFINITION There will be many times when you wish to reuse portions of your scripts In HiQ Script you can encapsulate such modular portions of code in functions Once a functio
67. The following pictures assume that Show Grids has been deselected in the Graph Options dialog box DATA PLOT Graphs Test3D0Graph Graph3D1 Le fin be of Z Axis 3 ATAS Li opie XY Y Creating a surface plot of existing data is similar to the 2D situation explained earlier in this chapter except that you need to define a vector for the x and y axis values and a matrix defining the surface value for each x and y Keep in mind that the x and y vectors may be rows or columns of a matrix National Instruments Corporation 6 21 HiQ User Manual The Graph Editor Chapter 6 Creating a matrix with enough data points to generate a meaningful surface would require a lot of effort in the Data Editor The solution is to write a script and let HiQ do most of the work You may wish to postpone fol lowing this example until you have become familiar with HiQ Script and the HiQ Script Editor Let s plot the data generated by the following script for i 1 to 20 do xf i i yli i for j 1 to 20 do z i j i 10 2 5 10 2 end for end for Assuming you have created x y and z as defined above Create a new 3D graph and open it into the Graph Editor Select Add Plot from the Plot menu To select the range data pull down the range menu and select Data Click on Select Click on the z matrix in the list of numerical symbols and click on OK To select the x axis domain data pull
68. UTINGS eve cesates desse estes cape EE abedeens deste EEE dees 7 17 Utility Built InFunctions oo eee eeeeeeeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeens 7 17 Messagen emisiis i EE i EE R 7 17 MaA a a EE A 7 18 OTS MOUND so ae dees Nees EENE EEE EEEE 7 18 petNumber s i 08 kala arene Seen 7 19 Function Definition soen Hh es eli ces ies SEEE E RA 7 20 Call By Reference sni ce ceesesecseeceeeeseeeeeeceeceeeeseeeneenees 7 21 Calling HiQ Built InFunctions 20 0 eee eeeeeeeeeees 7 21 Using Function Names as Arguments 0 0 0 7 22 Langage Constants ssnin nse E SENESE 7 23 HiQ Script Keywords oo eeeceseeeeceeeeeeceeeeeeseeeeeeeeeeeseeees 7 24 Chapter 8 The Script Editor 2 0 0 0 ceeteceeseeeeeteeeeeteneesees 8 1 Entering and Exiting the Editor eee eeeeereeeeeeee 8 1 Text Entering and Editing ole eececeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeees 8 3 SCript Format oss cc5 cakes esses e E E K EEN 8 6 Compiler Buttons and Status Messages 0 0 0 ee eee eeeeeeee 8 7 Compiled Scripts woes occas aree e e setae E Koea Enn E piket 8 7 Saving Your Work essssessesesesssseeseseeessrrereresrrsrsresreseerrereerereeees 8 8 Printing a Scripti essri R R 8 8 la LA Nea eA nT SAAE OA S E E E 8 8 Serpt EGUO mR o re ere EEEE eee EENES E Skee SPee nE SOPR oE S A 8 8 Execution ane A E ee Seah 8 8 An Example seose en e E E EEN EER 8 9 National Instruments Corporation ix HiQ User Manual Contents HiQ User Manual Chapter 9 The Text Editor o icjacscakcianemiicatonsiin 9 1 Entering and Exi
69. UtS esse ease sodeg cc ved testes ea shevde alesse sere eek SE eies 5 33 Optlons acts Sena ciao a ees 5 33 QUEPUE viio EE tesa N vente BE 5 34 ODE Boundary Value wo cece ceeceeeceeceseeeeeeeeeeeeeaeeees 5 38 Sample Pro ble tye sss rreo seepe sacsceessepaessh evs spevecsoges dues odes 5 39 Inputs Ginx sa aa aie a es 5 40 CQULPUE sisaria deci EE E RENS 5 41 Integral Equations ssessssseeseeeeeesereeesreresessrsrrsrerrererreseeresreresre 5 43 Sample Problemi veeo oeeo aise etestengesecusaeteceresee 5 44 Inputs ea a a Aa ees 5 45 ODHONS eie rE E SE ENESA 5 46 OULPUE r a EE R E ada eg tes 5 46 QUI ZA ON oe aee OEE OE EAEE EEEE 5 48 Sample Problem sie ese ee E E 5 49 Tinput sesisvtisesaiine ecole EE E E E EE EEAS 5 49 QOpuons ckea EE EE E E E 5 50 CQUEPUE uOe EEE B E EEEE AE E N EE EEE 5 50 Data Fitting ne n atten ast E 5 51 Sample Problem unosne E 5 53 LANG Fibs coir hg heen nee RA es Ra Regs 5 53 leol Aaoi aote RA Sn i oo Eee E S EEE E 5 55 M thodS sise n eaten eee 5 57 National Instruments Corporation vii HiQ User Manual Contents Chapter 6 The Graph Pde Geccnaucncanauesionteesunns 6 1 Entering and Exiting the Graph Editor ee 6 1 Graph Editor Symbols 0 0 0 ceeceeeeeneneeeceeeeeeneeee 6 2 Preparing a New 2D Graph cece cece eee eeseneee cere eeeeeeee 6 2 Adding a 2D Plot 2 00 scescscstcedesescvasscevbecceseesvesocouaecevevseanes 6 3 Function Plot sirosis iessen sensies sae eke sedate 6 3 Dat
70. Worksheet Chapter 3 2 Click somewhere on the Worksheet Projecti Worksheet INTEGER ColVector 1 You have just placed a symbol on the Worksheet The default name is incorrect so 3 With the selection tool active click on the Symbol to select it 4 Press the return key to select the name under the Symbol 5 Type A to change its name To fill in the values in vector A 6 Double click on the vector icon The vector A is displayed as a two cell vector by default For this example we need a five element vector so 7 Select Get Info from the Matrix menu 8 Type 5 into the Rows field 9 Click on OK HiQ User Manual Matriu rows C Cer 3 6 National Instruments Corporation Chapter 3 The Worksheet 10 Click in the top cell of A press 1 and the return key to set A 1 equal to 1 and make row 2 the selected cell Press 2 and the return key to set A 2 to 2 and move on to cell 3 Proceed until the vector looks like the pic ture below 11 Click on the window s close box An alert will appear asking whether you wish to save the vector Click on Yes To make a simple script to process the data 12 Click on the Script tool in the palette 13 Click on the Worksheet to the right of vector A 14 With the script icon selected press return and type TestScript Project1 Worksheet LE TestScript To edit TestScript 15 Double click on the TestScript icon to open
71. a if there have been any changes since the editor s contents were written to disk Clicking on Yes saves the sym bol clicking on No throws away changes made since the last save and clicking on Cancel dismisses the dia log box and returns you to the Data Editor HiQ User Manual 4 2 National Instruments Corporation Chapter 4 THE Data EDITOR WORKSPACE The Data Editor has a presentation concept similar to a spreadsheet Accept Cancel ae Rectangular p _ o Selection Lower Rectangular Selection Upper Rectangular Selection Diagonal Selection Row Selector Whole Matrix Current Selector Edit Area Cell The Data Editor Column Selector Projegti Matrix2 im The main data area in the center arranges the data in cells which may be edited in normal Macintosh fashion Standard scroll bars are available to help you navigate through your data At the very top of the window is the data entry area which contains the contents of the currently selected cell and accept and cancel buttons Below that are icons representing available data selection methods DATA TYPES The Data Editor can display all the available numerical data types integer real and complex Type Display Integer All digits are displayed Real Real numbers are displayed in either fixed format 12 453 or scientific theses Nan 2
72. a Plot ci sinc Sei ciieick Se hes hte tea teks 6 5 Parametric Curve ssc2 s sechcseeseosessovass cdesdessessboabeccebsees 6 7 Setting Up the Graph s Axes 0 0 eee ceeeeeeeceeeeeeneneeeees 6 9 Setting Graph Options eee eee ceesesnceeeceeesesneneeaees 6 10 Modifying the Graph View 0 0 eeeeeeeeeeceeeeesesreeeeereees 6 11 Lines Markers and Color ccccccsseccceseeceeeeeeeceeeeeeeeees 6 16 Plot Rendering cireni ee eaae es 6 16 Curve Tracking sssi taice kesisi essa seek Eisa 6 19 Preferences nsiet e o eaaa eis ere e ae EES EEEE 6 19 Preparing a New 3D Graph ssseeseseseeseseesererrrsrrererrerersesee 6 20 Adding a 3D Plot aeiaaeeao Abie A SEEE EERS 6 20 Function Plot sissioni tenner eoo steep sea etesgesdess 6 20 Data Plot cc 5 05 22 saecstessckcrieetsasighodees ose oes ae Tehet 6 21 Parametric PlOb oss cc3 scssssceeccsssesstavhenscsesdsssessdoaeecoets ees 6 23 Graph Rendering cini ii ein eroen bene E e E S E 6 24 More Modifications Of the Graph View eee 6 27 Dightin ge sieni ees Ate ihied Siena eas 6 28 Perspect VE ss ssck esse Seu SSH Saale EER a EERE 6 30 COMLOUE ei aneu iii E Eo A E A ites 6 31 AMIMATON soseer aate aE abodes Ee e E 6 33 PADINE eai a s Saves eaer ake ea oee E eE aeS Eagt 6 36 HiQ Script Access To the Graph Editor 0 0 ee 6 37 A 2D Graph with HiQ Script 2 0 0 cece essence cere eeeeeeee 6 37 A 3D Graph with HiQ Script 2 0 eeeeeeneeeeeeeeeees 6 38 Chapter 7 The HiQ Script
73. a name and 5 click on Create amp Edit Project1 NonlinSys1 f x 1 xf2 x n ptions Initial Estimate init Vector Local substitutions J Execute SAMPLE PROBLEM Let s consider the following system of equations x 2x x 2x 0 x 8x3 10x 0 xi 7X5X3 HiQ User Manual 5 18 Chapter 5 O Save script Max Iterations fTolerance 100 1 0e 6 xTolerance 1 0e 6 O Verbose National Instruments Corporation Chapter 5 Problem Solvers with initial estimates x 0 3 X2 0 3 X3 0 3 INPUTS The Nonlinear System Solver s default number of equations happens to be 3 so no change is required to set up the equations For problems involving other than three equations type the number into the n field when you tab out of the field the input view automatically reformats to accept the appropriate number of equations 1 Type the equations All the Problem Solvers expect to see variables in the form x 1 x 2 etc The problem setup should look like this Project1 NonlinSys1 f x 1 x 2 xin solnYector0 ptions Method Max Iterations fTolerance 100 1 0e 6 Initial Estimate As xTolerance rea initVector 1 0e 6 Local substitutions National Instruments Corporation 5 19 HiQ User Manual Problem Solvers Chapter 5 OPTIONS Method choices include Newton See
74. al Roots Nonlinear Systems Integral Equations ODE Initial Value ODE Boundary Value To bring up a help screen for the solver of interest 1 click on the appropriate line and National Instruments Corporation 5 5 HiQ User Manual Problem Solvers Chapter 5 2 click on Examine and press Return or double click on Examine E Help L Nonlinear Systems NONLINEAR SYSTEMS 1 Enter the number of equations to be solved in the upper left hand corner of the Inputs region 2 Tab into or select the first equation entry field Enter the system of equations by entering each function in array format Gie x t x 2 xIn for a system of n equations and entering the corresponding right hand side of the equation Tab from each entry field into the next Use the zoom box for a large system of equations 3 If you need to make any substitutions in the equations entered above or if you already have made substitutions enter the number of substitutions to be made in the upper left hand corner of the Local substitutions window Then enter the substitutions to be made in the same fashion as in step 2 above 4 Proceed to the Options region select the Method Newton Quasi Newton Brent to be used modify the default option choices for each method where appropriate click on the Initial Estimate icon and enter an initial guess of the solution 5 Place a check in the appropriate check box below
75. andier to have the pattern choices always available To tear off the palette click on the pattern tool and drag to wherever you wish to place it An empty box will follow the pointer to let you gauge the size Clicking on a pattern will cause the pattern tool to reflect your choice To delete the floating palette click on the close box at the left end of the drag bar National Instruments Corporation 3 19 HiQ User Manual The Worksheet a Chapter 3 Select the filled oval tool Place an oval on the Worksheet then drag it to overlap the rectangle ae DS Project1 Worksheet INTEGER ENG To move the oval behind the rectangle select Move to Back from the Worksheet menu Move to Front brings the selected object to the top of the stack and Move Closer to Front and Move Further to Back adjust the position of the object one layer at a time HiQ tracks the stack of objects in the order in which they were drawn Consider a Worksheet containing five items of which number one was drawn first and number five last To move number five behind number two you would have to select Move Further to Back three times even if numbers three and four were not visually overlapping the other two objects of interest The line weight tool is also a tear off palette The selections down the diagonal are square which result in a rectangle with both horizontal and vertical sides of equal weight The remaining choices have either
76. ational Instruments Corporation Chapter 5 Solution points for convenience the matrix has been transposed Mesh Points Project1 solnPointsO 1 004965484263184635 2 1 0049 0 0409263 1 0020 0 147347 1 0011 0 549565 1 0011 0 649721 1 00107 0 74984 3 7 1 0015 0 248523 5 2 1 00102 0 849944 1 00098 0 950027 3 feo Projecti meshPointsO By o D amp n ale ojojojojojojojo The script generated by the Problem Solver looks like project kIntEqns0 intEqnVector0 local leftEndPoint rightEndPoint numUnifMeshPoints gIntEqns0O numOfEqns tolerance maxIterations leftEndPoint 0 rightEndPoint 1 numOfEqns 2 numUnifMeshPoints 11 tolerance 1 0e 11 maxIterations 12 defCorrFlag 0 National Instruments Corporation 5 47 Problem Solvers solnPoints0 meshPoints0O defCorrFlag HiQ User Manual Problem Solvers Chapter 5 function kIntEqns0O i t s f arg_a 1 0 select i from case 1 return exp s t f 1 f 1 2 case 2 return t s 2 2 1 1 f 1 end select end function function gIntEqns0 i t arg_a 1 0 select i from case 1 return l exp t t t 2 0 case 2 return t 4 24 0 end select end function solnPoints0O meshPointsO IntEqnVolt1 kIntEqns0 gIntEqns0 leftEndPoint rightEndPoint numOfEqns n
77. blem Solver in the left column click on Numerical Integration in the right column type a name and click on Create amp Edit yp YN Projecti Numinteg numEyal0 General Adaptive tbdd f ral Max Evaluations x dx fgene 25000 a relative error absolute error Previous 1 0e 6 1 0e 6 1 Local substitutions EJ Graph EJ Execute O Save script O verbose SAMPLE PROBLEM Let s integrate the equation constant lt pi gt from x 0 1 to 1 0 Remember that 7 is available as the language sin 1 00x TX HiQ User Manual 5 22 National Instruments Corporation Chapter 5 INPUTS 6 Tabbing between input fields type the equation and lower and upper limits OPTIONS The Integrator is capable of handling 14 different types of integrands To select between them click on the Previous or Next button until the required equation is visible in the Options area The table below presents all the available integrand types their descriptions as they appear in the Problem Solver and their associated built in function For a full description of each function see the Problem Solver Functions chapter in the Ref erence Manual Table 1 Integral Problem Solver Integrand Types Problem Solvers National Instruments Corporation Integral Description Function b Definite integral of f x dx f general a continuous inte integAdapt Ja grand nD tu Definite
78. bol and select Adornment from the Worksheet menu Choose a border type and click on Done 6 To show the text Symbol s name select the text and select Show Name from the Worksheet menu SHAPE ANNOTATION HiQ also provides a set of shapes for annotation including lines arrows rectangles rounded rectangles and ovals We ll draw a couple of objects on the Worksheet 1 Click on the shape tool hold the mouse button down long enough for the menu of shape choices to appear NZ Pi INTEGER E 2 Select the open rectangle tool L i 3 Click on the Worksheet and drag An expanding box with the original point and the current pointer loca HiQ User Manual 3 18 National Instruments Corporation Chapter 3 The Worksheet tion as opposite corners will form Release the mouse button to fix the size of the rectangle Project Worksheet Click here You can adjust the size and move the rectangle just as you did with the text in the previous section Next we will create an oval filled with a pattern Change the current fill pattern 4 Click on the pattern tool Hold the mouse button down long enough for the Pattern palette to appear BE The Pattern tool is a tear off palette You can use it the normal way by clicking on the tool then moving the pointer to the desired pattern and releasing the mouse button If you will be repeatedly performing this chore it might be h
79. bottom is permissible and you can add a shadow to any combination Rectangle and Rounded Rect angle are mutually exclusive e Apply puts the changes into effect without dismissing the dialog box Cancel dismisses the dialog box without making any changes and e Done applies your selections then dismisses the dialog box To edit a symbol double click on it If the Symbol is represented on the Worksheet in expanded view it will be dynamically updated as you make changes in the editor MULTIPLE PAGES The Worksheet is a window sized view of a large data space To control the size of your Worksheet select Worksheet Size from the Worksheet menu Pro ject 1 Worksheet Size Pages Wide _1 Pages Tall t Page Count 1 Page Width 8 50 Page Height 11 00 Total Total Width Height 8 50 11 00 To change the number of pages in the Worksheet key the desired numbers into the Pages Wide and Pages Tall fields You can also use the mouse to size the Worksheet Clicking just to the right of the page indicator in the grey box will cause the Worksheet to be expanded by one page to the right If you now click just below the second page the Worksheet will be expanded to two pages wide by two pages high To return to one page click directly on the rectangle at the upper left corner If the pages to be excised contain any data you will be given the opportunity to cancel the operation Page height and width reflect the current set
80. by example Suppose you have the following third order differential equation involving the unknown function y t y 2yy 3y sin t To transform it into a system of three first order differential equations make the following substitutions d x y gt 4 y 3 X y gt xe y Now using the above substitutions you can rewrite the ODE as follows X X x X x 2 X X 3 X sin t This is a first order coupled system the form that can be used in the ODE IVP Problem Solver The so lution y t will be contained in x since by substitution 1 we have x y National Instruments Corporation 5 37 HiQ User Manual Problem Solvers Chapter 5 ODE BounDARY VALUE om xf E ODE BYP The ODE Boundary Value Problem Solver is used to solve d eS f t x a lt t lt b dt with g x a x b 0 where x f and g are n dimensional functions defined on the subsets of R containing a b R and R27 respectively In the case both f and g are linear we have the linear problem dX Ax CO a lt t lt b with BCx a BCx b RHS where A t BC and BC are n by n matrices and C t and RHS are n dimensional vectors To start the ODE Boundary Value Problem Solver from the Worksheet place an ODE Boundary Value Prob lem Solver Symbol on the Worksheet and double click on it To start the ODE Boundary Value Problem Solver from the Solvers menu select ODE Boundary Value from the Solvers menu To start the ODE Boun
81. cally scroll the data as you drag beyond the edge of the screen Think of dragging beyond the edge of the screen as a switch turning on scrolling As long as you leave the cursor outside the window scrolling continues Mov ing the cursor back inside the window terminates scrolling If you have allowed scrolling to go too far move the cursor out of the window on the opposite side thus forcing scrolling in the return direction Keep in mind that this is a drag procedure so the mouse button must be held down throughout Releasing the button sets the selection HiQ User Manual 4 4 National Instruments Corporation Chapter 4 The Data Editor EDITING A CELL Editing the contents of a cell whether for initial insertion of data or subsequent modification occurs in the edit area at the top of the Data Editor window Revisions to the data are not reflected in the cell until you explicitly accept the changes Contents of the currently selected cell or the first cell of a multiple cell selection are always repeated in the edit area Standard Macintosh editing facilities are available including cut copy and paste To register your changes in the target cell e click on the accept button registers edited data and the current cell remains selected e use any navigation command registers edited data and the cell resulting from the navigation command is selected To throw away editing changes e click on the cancel button all chan
82. cated to the next lowest integer If that number does not make sense in the current context or is outside the valid index range lt 1 you will get a runtime error Let s explore automatic typing and matrix dimensioning with the following simple statement A B where A and B are matrices A takes on B s dimensions whether A is a new matrix or had previously been defined If b is a row vector with as many elements as A has columns a row of A may take on B s values as follows A 4 b Row 4 of A now equals vector b If b is a column vector with as many elements as A has rows a column of A may take on B s values as follows A 4 b Column 4 of A now equals vector b MATRIX ARITHMETIC Arithmetic operators which apply to matrices include and Addition and subtraction require that the matrices to be added or subtracted be of the same dimensions C A B D A B Matrix C is the element by element summation of matrices A and B Matrix D is the element by element dif ference of matrices A and B Matrix multiplication follows the standard rules if A is an m x n matrix and B is of dimension n x p then C is of dimension m x p C A B Multiplying a matrix by a scalar results in the multiplication of each element by the scalar National Instruments Corporation 7 11 HiQ User Manual The HiQ Script Language Chapter 7 D A s where s is a scalar The division operator denotes multiplication
83. contains two Symbols First Problem Worksheet polyFitGraphO DataFit1 The Tool palette at the left of the Worksheet is movable you can drag it wherever you want with the drag bar at the top The Tool palette floats above the Worksheet and is always active it only appears when the Work sheet is the active window 6 If the selection tool is not highlighted click on it To open polyFitGraphO in the Graph Editor National Instruments Corporation 2 13 HiQ User Manual Getting Started 7 m polyFitGraphO Chapter 2 Double click on the graph s Symbol BE First Problem polyFit6raph0 SS Polynomial fit graph fitted curve 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 X Axis We need to change the graph s axis labels and title 1 2 3 Select the Graph Options command from the Graph menu Graph Options Graph Title Polynomial fit graph A Show Title H Show Labels Show Axes O Show Legend O Show Grids amp Auto Clip KJ Auto Scale Edit the graph title to read Average Annual Rainfall Click on OK HiQ User Manual 2 14 National Instruments Corporation Chapter 2 4 9 Getting Started Select the Axis Options command from the Graph menu Axis Options S Range Scaling Fronx Linear fa Log Divs Label Notation Placement Decimal Normal Scientific Reverse O Vertical Title O vertical Labels Cancel Apply f OK
84. d 056 20 51 51 056 20 51 55 U K 0635 523545 0635 523154 or 0800 289877 in U K only National Instruments Corporation A I HiQ User Manual HiQ Technical Support Form Photocopy this form and update it each time you make changes to your software or hardware and use the completed copy of this form as a reference for your current configuration Completing this form accurately before contacting National Instru ments for technical support helps our applications engineers answer your questions more efficiently If you are using any National Instruments hardware or software products related to this problem include the configuration forms from their user manuals Include additional pages if necessary Name Company Address Fax ___ Phone __ Computer brand Model Processor Operating system include version number Clock speed MHz RAM MB Display adapter Mouse ___ yes ___no Other adapters installed Hard disk capacity MB Brand Boards installed include revision and configuration Describe your application HiQ Version The problem is List any error messages The following steps reproduce the problem Documentation Comment Form National Instruments encourages you to comment on the documentation supplied with our products This information helps us provide quality products to meet your needs Title HiQ User Manual for Macintos
85. d in black and white or color Movie controls are located on the Animation palette e Rewind positions the movie at the first frame e Fast Reverse if no animation is currently playing this button rapidly decrements the frame counter If an ani mation is in progress the movie is played backward as fast as possible skipping frames as specified in the Ani mation Options dialog box e Reverse Play plays the animation backward at standard play speed Stop terminates the replay of the movie e Play plays the movie e Fast Forward Fast Forward rapidly increments the frame counter if no movie is currently playing If an anima tion is in progress the movie is played as rapidly as possible skipping frames as specified in the Animation Options dialog box e Pause pauses playback of an animation sequence While the movie is paused the button will blink until it is clicked on again to restart the movie e Record initiates recording of an animation sequence While a sequence is being recorded the Record button remains highlighted and every change to the graph causes a new frame to be recorded Press Record a second time to stop the recording e Frame while a recording is in progress and paused the Frame button causes the current state of the graph to be captured as a frame in the animation sequence This allows more than one change to the graph to be included in one frame During playback the Frame button advances
86. d normally For example if i gt 5 then a cos x b sin y else a 0 b 0 end if There is no semicolon required in the first or fourth lines since they are intermediate parts of the i con struct but the last line is terminated with a semicolon Each statement inside the block requires termination The null statement i is not legal MATRICES AND VECTORS An element of an existing matrix is identified using square brackets Element 3 4 that is row 3 column 4 of matrix a is referred to in HiQ Script as a 3 4 You may use that element in an expression such as z 4 a 3 4 sin theta National Instruments Corporation 7 9 HiQ User Manual The HiQ Script Language Chapter 7 and you may assign a value to that particular element a 3 4 2 5 A vector can be handled similarly as in v 1 It is sometimes convenient to initialize all or part of a matrix or vector within a script To initialize an array enclose the element values in curly braces A comma separates elements of a row and a semicolon sepa rates rows Thus a 1 1 1 1 is a 1x4 row vector a l 1 1 1 is a 4x1 column vector a 1 1 1 1 is a 2x2 matrix As with any other statement you can split the expression across multiple lines just keep the commas and semicolons straight For example the third matrix assignment would be more readable if it were written in the following form a 11 1 1 When y
87. dary Value Problem Solver from the Create Menu 1 select Create Symbol click on Problem Solver in the left column click on ODE Boundary Value in the right column type a name and click on Create amp Edit NE a aoe HiQ User Manual 5 38 National Instruments Corporation Chapter 5 Problem Solvers The opening view looks like this Project1 0DEBUP1 E x Altlx Olt H C Matrix leftBoundCondsO Method Linear BUP w Independent Variable t 0 finish shooting IVP Type tere Oe 6 hae 1 Simple Smooth x Maximum Step March RKF 02s o4 Local substitutions a a EJ Execute O Save script O verbose SAMPLE PROBLEM Consider a problem described by the one dimensional ordinary differential equation ipot pe qx f A specific example is a string that is stretched in the transverse direction We have p tension constant q 0 f orthogonal force distribution along the string and we solve for y transverse displacement at t We thus can describe the problem by the linear system dx _ os for 0 1 lt t lt E ENC dt pP pat National Instruments Corporation 5 39 HiQ User Manual Problem Solvers Chapter 5 subject to the boundary conditions In vector matrix form where x xy xy INPUTS x 0 0 x 1 0 amp A x CO O lt t lt 1 with BC x 0 BC x 1 RHS p 00 Pp cw f Pp 10 Joo Bc 5 9 BC x 0
88. dental injury caused by product failure or by errors on the part of the user or application designer Any use or application of National Instruments products for or involving medical or clinical treatment must be performed by properly trained and qualified medical per sonnel and all traditional medical safeguards equipment and procedures that are appropriate in the particular situation to prevent serious injury or death should always continue to be used when National Instruments prod ucts are being used National Instruments products are NOT intended to be a substitute for any form of estab lished process procedure or equipment used to monitor or safeguard human health and safety in medical or clinical treatment CONTENTS About the HiQ User Manual EE AET xi Manual Organization eeessessseeseseessreererrerrsrssesreserrrerenrsrretes xi Where to Go from Here orinsess oteti ainai ees xi Notation Conventions visainen niar a aR EErEE xii Chapter 1 Introducing HiQ cst cccsciers cance anaseaeameiiranshesenions 1 1 Inthe Bes innin gic e ea eutetetes EE EE NFT 1 1 Amid NOW a a tienes E ESS 1 1 Chapter 2 Getting Started 2 eesneeseesseeseeesneereesneeseessneeees 2 1 System Requirements 0 0 cee eeceeeeeeeeeeeeceesseeeeeaes 2 1 Installation Procedure eee eeeceececeeceeneeeeneeeeceeeeceseeeaeeenees 2 1 Installing on a Power Macintosh ceeceeeeeeeesneceeees 2 2 Installing on a 680x0 Macintosh eee eeeeeeeeeeee 2 2 HiQ F
89. dient see the OptConGradient function description in the Reference Manual e Nelder Mead see the OptNelderMead function description in the Reference Manual e Linear Programming see the OptLinProg function description in the Reference Manual BFGS see the OptBFGS function description in the Reference Manual s Constrained Optimization see the OptNonLinCon function description in the Reference Manual 8 Select the Conjugate Gradient with default tolerance 1 0e 10 and maximum iterations 200 The final problem setup is shown below Projecti Opti optiteration Tolerance Method Conjugate Gradient w Conjugate Gradient w 106210 Max Iterations 200 Local substitutions A Graph J Execute O Save script O verbose 9 Click on the run button OUTPUT To inspect the output click on each of the three output icons HiQ User Manual 5 50 National Instruments Corporation Chapter 5 Problem Solvers HiQ places the results in optVector0 The value of the function is 1 064156282444496546e 27 found in min Value0 and the solution was found in 39 iterations optIterations0 To generate a script click on Save Script before running the Problem Solver project optFct0 initVector0 local tolerance maxIterations tolerance 1 0e 10 maxIterations 200 function optFct1 x arg_a 1 0 return 100 x 2 x 1 2 2 1 x 1 2 end function
90. down the x menu and select Vector Click on Select Click on x in the list of numeric symbols and click on OK SO ON ALS To select the y axis domain data pull down the y menu and select Data Click on Select Click on y in the list of numeric symbols and click on OK m H S HiQ User Manual 6 22 National Instruments Corporation Chapter 6 The Graph Editor The final plot setup should look something like Add Plot Plot Title Coordinates Cartesian Spherical Cylindrical Plot Type z x y z 20x20 Vector_ Vector x 20 Vector y 20 12 Click on Add Graph3D1 1 Y Aixis 15 PARAMETRIC PLOT To plot a sphere we ll use the equations x u v sin u cos v y u v sin u sin v z u v cos u as u goes from 0 to 7 and v goes from 0 to 27 After creating a new graph 1 Select Add Plot from the Plot menu National Instruments Corporation 6 23 HiQ User Manual The Graph Editor Chapter 6 2 Select P Surface for Plot Type 3 Type the above equations for x u v y u v and z u v 4 Type the u and v ranges and a reasonable number of steps like 20 Add Plot Plot Title Coordinates Prot 1 Cartesian Spherical Cylindrical Plot Type Range Function v Cu sin u cos v yu v sin u sinGy z u v cos u Interval v To
91. e 0 to 2 lt p gt step 0 3 erate 0 to 2 lt p gt step 0 3 J Execute O Save script O verbose 14 Click on the run button If you haven t closed the graph from the previous example it will update in place otherwise double click on eval_graph in the Symbol List Evaluator output HEN Nein AA i WHIT Han RS NG AH WY os Z Axis 0 0 yk To see how the Problem Solver handles expressions containing existing symbols we ll multiply two matrices HiQ User Manual 5 14 National Instruments Corporation Chapter 5 Problem Solvers A and B which are defined as follows Projecti A SSS Projecti B 1 Create the two integer 3x3 matrices A and B using the Data Editor as described in the Data Editor chapter 2 Create an Expression Evaluator and open it 3 Enter the expression A B into the Expression input area then Re 4 click on the Define Inputs button to set up the variables a b c Project1 ExprEval2 Expression input O Save script O verbose 5 A and B are understood to be existing project variables You have the option of using A and B as they are currently defined or modifying them Clicking on A or B in the Options area causes a confirmation dialog National Instruments Corporation 5 15 HiQ User Manual Problem Solvers Chapter 5 box to appear That symbol already exists Do you wish to override the definition of A Cancel __
92. e any of the following Script 1 Script 2 Script 3 function end function function end function e Script 1 contains an external script only e Script 2 contains both an external script and a user defined function more than one function may be defined in a script d Script 3 contains only a user defined function again more than one function may be defined here Once these scripts are compiled the user functions in Scripts 2 and 3 may be called by any script in the Work sheet For a variable in a function to take on the same value as a variable with the same name defined in an external script or in an editor the variable must be declared project in the function In some languages declaring a variable as project or global in the calling routine means that it is visible to all subordinate routines not so in HiQ Script The default scope of a variable depends on where it is declared A variable appearing inside a function defini tion see the Function Definition section later in this chapter is by default Loca1 to that function Variables appearing in statements external to a function definition are by default project variables You may explic itly declare a function variable as a project variable to make it visible to any script Similarly you may declare a variable appearing in an external script as local to limit its scope For example in the following script fragment a is a project variable const is visible only wi
93. e argument function must specify the name of a HiQ built in function or the name of a previously defined user function If you want to pass the name of a user defined function as an argument you must have written and compiled a script containing the function definition The function name will be recognized if it appears in the Symbol List Using the example of the derivative function assume you have previously edited and compiled a script containing the following function definition function myfunc x return 3 x 3 2 x 2 end function It is now possible to write a script calling the function derivative passing myfunc as a argument y derivative myfunc 2 0 01 4 0 If a function reference like the above occurs within a procedure then you must also provide a project state ment to tell the compiler to access the Symbol List to find the named function A completed example build HiQ User Manual 7 22 National Instruments Corporation Chapter 7 The HiQ Script Language ing on the previous two shows the correct code for referring to a user defined function within another user defined function function calls_myfunc y project myfunc return derivative myfunc 2 0 01 y end function If the project statement were omitted the call to function myfunc would cause an alert to be issued stat ing that argument 1 to function derivative was of the wrong type Note that HiQ Script provides no method for changing
94. e column Click in the whole matrix selector above the first row tag and to the left of the first column tag to select the entire matrix or use the Select All command in the Edit menu To extend a current selection shift click in the desired extension cell For example if cells a b and c had pre viously been selected shift click in cell e to add both cells d and e to the selection This scheme also works in reverse if after selecting cells a through e you decided that you really only wanted cells a c after all shift click in cell c to eliminate cells d and e from the selection National Instruments Corporation 4 5 HiQ User Manual The Data Editor Chapter 4 Clicking anywhere in the data area reduces the current selection to the cell at the pointer s location FoRMATS The Data Editor offers control over font and size as well as type of numeric representation The Numbers menu allows you to select scientific format 1 23e 10 or fixed point 123 45 along with the number of digits to the right of the decimal The General menu item displays data as it thinks best e integers and real numbers with no significant digits to the right of the decimal will be displayed as integers e reals will be displayed in fixed point if all digits can be displayed with the current precision setting otherwise the display will be switched to scientific Use the Numbers menu to display complex numbers as ordered pairs 1 2 the sum of real and i
95. e error and script execution will stop The index identifier is data locked at the beginning of the loop to prevent you from inadvertently altering the index variable during loop execution The for loop has been optimized for speed An equivalent while or repeat loop can be significantly slower depending on the number of statements in the loop See the Block Escape Statements section below for methods of breaking out of the for loop WHILE The general form of the while statement looks like this while expression do statements end while where expression is any valid HiQ Script logical expression A simple example is while i lt 5 do x Sin theta i i 1 end while Note that while checks the logical expression before executing the statements within the loop if the logical expression is tests true immediately the statements inside the loop are never executed You can think of the logical condition as a continue loop if true test See the Block Escape Statements section below for methods of breaking out of the while loop HiQ User Manual 7 14 National Instruments Corporation Chapter 7 The HiQ Script Language REPEAT Repeat works similarly to the while construct except that it checks the validity of the logical expression after executing the statements within the loop A Repeat statement will always execute at least once repeat statements end repeat when logical_condition An example is repeat x Si
96. e problem is simple enough edit and save the data then open the Problem Solver and click on the run button The graph will update after execution There is a slightly easier way which conveniently also illustrates another use of the Problem Solver We ll have the Data Fitter generate a HiQ Script program which we can use to rerun the problem 1 Double click on the Problem Solver icon 2 Select Save Script and deselect Execute EJ Graph O Execute EJ Save Script Verbose 3 Click on the Run button Instead of the script results window you will see the HiQ Script program generated by the Data Fitter SSS First Problem DataFit1_script1 _Run_ Compile Syntax _HRef project Year Rainfall weightd function if else else if exit if while exit while next while repeat repeat forever local A b U U S polyDegree tolerance i j polyDegree 2 tolerance 1 0e 11 A b formpolyfit polyDegree Year Rainfall weight0 gt U U1 sud Ad polyCoefficientsO polyResidualO svdfitcU V S b tolerance polyFitGraphO new2DGraph Polynomial fit graph gt polyFitDataPlotO new2DDataPlot Year Rainfall pointPlot polyFi tDataPlotO gt To prepare the script to be run independently of the Data Fitter HiQ User Manual 2 18 National Instruments Corporation Chapter 2 Getting Started 4 Click on Compile You ll see a
97. e the pointer to the right edge of the column s tag cell The cursor will change to Drag left or right until you get the right column width Multiple columns may be resized using the same technique as with rows Having adjusted the cell sizes to your liking you may wish to adjust the location of text within each cell with the justification commands in the Text menu The chosen attribute applies to all selected cells To reformat all data select the entire matrix then proceed with the formatting commands To insert one or more rows select the row immediately below the new row or rows Select Insert Rows from the Matrix menu In the dialog box that appears edit the number of new rows and click on OK To insert one or more columns select the column which will be immediately to the right of the new column or columns Select Insert Columns from the Matrix menu The new column s will appear to the left of the selection To add a row below all existing rows or a column to the right of all existing columns use Get Info to change the matrix s dimensions as described below To delete one or more rows make your selection then select Delete Rows from the Matrix menu You will be asked to confirm your action To delete one or more columns make your selection then select Delete Columns from the Matrix menu National Instruments Corporation 4 7 HiQ User Manual The Data Editor Chapter 4 To change the dimensio
98. ect it and 3 select Show as Curve Show as Points and Show as Segments from the Plot menu The Segments view should resemble the following graph view Graphs TestGraph Graph2D1 Y Axis 0 0 You can control colors for fill lines markers and text associated with the plot To change the color of one of these items 1 with the Selection tool active click on the plot to select it 2 click on one of the following tools Fill 3D only K te Marker or T Text 3 Click on a color in the color palette If you re working with a monochrome monitor the little squares will be either black or white or shades of gray To vary the plot s line width 4 with the Selection tool active click on the plot to select it and National Instruments Corporation 6 17 HiQ User Manual The Graph Editor Chapter 6 5 choose the desired width from the line width menu To vary the plot s line type 6 with the Selection tool active click on the plot to select it and 7 choose the desired type from the line type menu To change the plot s marker shape 8 with the Selection tool active click on the plot to select it and l 9 click on the desired marker shape b tton l l This palette is only available when a 2D plot is displayed in Point or Segment format Colors line widths and marker type choices are also available through the Plot Options entry in the Plot menu Plot Optio
99. eeaeeneenaes 5 6 Preferent eS isteesseaswivesiendoevesevanton E E E EAE 5 8 Expression Evaluation sssssessseseeesseresesessrsrssesrssererereersrree 5 9 Define Inputs eneee r oee peee eose nears k eupanna o Parone PEDESE 5 10 Data Elements ee nn eee E ER E 5 10 OUDITS eiiean Ea E E E ERE E EEEN EEN 5 12 Nonlinear Systems seneseeseseseeserersreeerrererererrseerererserersreresereere 5 17 HiQ User Manual vi National Instruments Corporation Contents Sample Problem 0 0 eee eeeeeeeeeseecseesseceeenaecneceeeeees 5 18 Ti put yess sess EEEE E E EEEE 5 19 OPNS wisn HIS Sa ee ea ae 5 20 OUPS si eras karn e a Wid eRe ERE R 5 20 Numerical Integration 00 0 cece eeseeeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeens 5 22 Sample ProbleMiw d jess cede aie ees eh eorr eiks 5 22 Inputs aici beg Maia ce A eas 5 23 OPUS an aaa E E eset E ERE 5 23 QUIPUE A ends Bite ies ie Nel es Bi a ets 5 25 Polynomial ROS eper orero couse gies sesesepevetseestesestpetschievapetyet cover 5 25 Sample Problem scsi enesis eere riesis 5 26 Dpue arar E E ARAA 5 26 OPOS r eE e Boe an A E N TR 5 26 QUEPUE ORDE E eB NEE S REA E E N EEEE 5 27 General Roots onton eee AE ER 5 28 Sample Problemi eienen e ER 5 29 INPULS ies kote he T ed eel eaten EER 5 29 Oinen nk 235 ese ETE raed past eeet E dois ease Muse oes 5 29 QUE DUE Aeae E PENO EEE AE EEE ee eS ae 5 30 ODE Tjita Value n ee E EE R 5 31 Sample Problem sseneseseesesereeeeeerererereersrereresserersrerereeeere 5 32 Ti P
100. eeeeceeeceeeceeeceeeceeeeeeeees 3 28 Managing Your Data sseseeseseseseesererrrsersssrrerersrsererrerersesee 3 29 Memory Management sesssseeeseseesererrrserererrerersrrererrerersesee 3 30 Prntin ser A ae A A 3 30 Chapter 4 The Data Editor 2 0 ccceessessesseeceeeeeesneeseesneeseennneeees 4 1 Invoking and Quitting the Data Editor eee eeeeeeeeeeeeee 4 1 The Data Editor Workspace 0 0 eee eeeeeeeecseesseceeeeseeneeeees 4 3 Data Dy pes aE EE EE poss rnded aledeers teste dc rk dessb E sees 4 3 Navigation s 2 20c3 uep a a a E a diate cee 4 4 Bditin 9 2 Cel teien N E ERA 4 5 Selection Methods oo eee ceceeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeseeceesaeeseesaes 4 5 ROPIMIALS APAE REEE AA AE EAEE T E EE EE OAE 4 6 Cut Copy and Paste cce esaa eer e Oe TEOT 4 8 CUISOLS rea nesa ee ere E E E EN E REE RN 4 9 Saving Your Data seseeseseseseeesseresereersrerrrereererereeeesererereerseeee 4 10 PHOT n t AECE O EE EE E EE EERS 4 10 Preferences sce ian ian 4 10 Chapter 5 Problem Solvers ccsccessseessssssesseesseeceeeseeesneeseesneeseesneeees 5 1 Starting a Problem Solver oo cece eeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeeceesseeseeeaes 5 1 General Features nei eee ia ep E E EEE ET EES ESS 5 2 MiNP Ut sss su ces EEEE A NEE EOE EEEE E 5 4 Options ii a E r eee ee os 5 4 QUEPUIS 5 e eare are Wd ioeees A AERAN 5 5 Pint 28s GR ABA Ge E aod 5 5 Problem Solver On Line Help 00 ceeeeeceeeeseeneeees 5 5 Functions amp Tables Menu occ eceeeeceeseesecseensecne
101. eference we call the icon a Symbol for symbol representa tion National Instruments Corporation 2 5 HiQ User Manual Getting Started Chapter 2 4 Click somewhere on the Worksheet First Problem Worksheet H IZ iy E INTEGER E aa Af DataFit INTEGER a te i A ANE 5 Inputs nputs Outputs Input vectors must be of equal dimension to run this solver xVectorO 1 0 y ectorO 1 0 Run Button Data Icon aa lineFitCoefficie p Popup tineFitResidual Menu Opti Options ptions Method Estimation Type Line Fit Polynomial Fit General Fit Data Fit Plot Parameters Smooth Curve of le Use Input Data Local substitutions HiQ User Manual 2 6 National Instruments Corporation Chapter 2 Getting Started PROBLEM SOLVER BASICS You can think of a Problem Solver as a specialized editor that collects inputs to powerful HiQ built in func tions executes the functions and organizes outputs according to your specifications The Problem Solvers are all similarly laid out you specify inputs in the upper left corner and options in the bottom half initiate the execution by clicking on the run button the right facing arrow between Inputs and Outputs sections and col lect your results from the icons in the upper right The data for our curve fitting problem is as follows Average Year Rainfall in 1980 16 5 1981 17 1 1982 15 4 1983 13 0 1984
102. en or from an off screen buffer Movies taken from the screen will retain the current monitor s resolution while off screen record ing is done with perfect resolution Of course an offscreen recording will take on the resolution of the playback monitor HiQ User Manual 6 34 National Instruments Corporation Chapter 6 The Graph Editor e Dithered if the Dithered option is selected at record time a color movie played back on a monochrome moni tor will be dithered Dithered Not Dithered e Always Spool as much of the movie as possible is kept in the computer s memory when this option is not selected Always Spool means that every frame will be stored on disk and read from disk when the movie is replayed which will make for a relatively slow playback 3 Type a title for your movie 4 select black and white or color for the movie type and 5 click on OK To start the recording 6 click on the Record button HiQ is waiting for you to make a change to the graph Any action which changes the state of the graph will be recorded as a frame in the movie Zooming panning adding another plot changing a title or modifying the grid will be recorded but clicking on a tool will not cause a frame to be recorded Start with moving the graph towards the right side of the window 7 Click on the Drag tool then 8 in three steps move the graph to the right Each time you release the mouse button to set the graph s n
103. en you first start HiQ the selection tool the arrow in the upper left corner is active The second example below shows the matrix tool active Selection Tool Active EE g Al A EA Matrix Tool Active E E sorl Many tools include a right facing arrow to indicate that there is additional functionality associated with the tool For example to create a matrix you might want to set the type integer real or complex first 1 Click on the matrix tool and hold down the mouse button National Instruments Corporation 3 3 HiQ User Manual The Worksheet Chapter 3 2 Slide the pointer to the second choice the one that says REAL and release the button FAR apy Y The matrix tool is now selected and contains the word REAL which reflects your wish to create a real matrix Until you change the matrix type all future matrices generated with the Tool palette will be of type real See the sections called Creating Symbols with the Tool Palette and Annotating Your Worksheet later in this chapter for more specific information about the Tool palette THE CREATE MENU You may also use the Create menu to make a new symbol Metta Solvers String Picture Worksheet Graph 2D Graph 3D Scalar Row Vector Column Vector Matrix Integer Real N Create Symbol 3 d Complen When you select one of the symbol choices HiQ creates a symbol gives it a default name
104. engineers and scientists do and the way they do it script data and graphics editors which offer exceptional ability to manipulate HiQ s underlying functionality and s a collection of Problem Solvers which offer intuitive access to many of HiQ s most powerful mathematical functions These powerful features are tied together by the Worksheet which provides a graphical means to organize and present the input data structure and output data of a technical problem All components work together to provide an integrated environment that solves sophisticated problems from National Instruments Corporation 1 1 HiQ User Manual Introducing HiQ Chapter 1 beginning to end The hierarchy of how you will work with these components looks like this Numeric Problem HiQ Script Built In Functions Where earlier generation analysis programs might have helped you organize your data with a directory list ing of variables Sworkspace A Radius Velocity HiQ lets you view the variables through a Worksheet as well as a Symbol List latro WVorksheet H Radius Velocity Intro Symbol List Types Aa ript A seater Error_Analysis a A vector Errors INTEGER EX Matrix Measurements REAL EX Compiled Script Radius B Ey EX Function Velocity REAL Measurements n Solver amp Picture co AS Other INTEGER Other Results Script Variable Names ae y i m New Delete Rename F
105. equires a full redraw of the graph every time the window needs to be updated even if the graph hasn t changed Significantly less memory is used National Instruments Corporation 6 19 HiQ User Manual The Graph Editor Chapter 6 You can set the offscreen drawing level for subsequent graphs by selecting Preferences For from the File menu PREPARING A New 3D GRAPH To set up a new 3D graph 1 select the 3D graph tool then 2 click on the Worksheet to place the Symbol 3 Press the return key and edit the default name to something appropriate like Test3DGraph 4 Double click on the Test3DGraph icon Graphs Test3DGraph Graph3D2 Z Axis 0 ADDING A 3D PLOT In this section we will see how to create a plot of a function matrix and parametric surface FUNCTION PLOT Let s plot the function sin x cos y for both x and y going from 7 to 7 1 Select Add Plot from the Plot menu HiQ User Manual 6 20 National Instruments Corporation Chapter 6 The Graph Editor Type the equation for z x y as shown Add Plot itle Coordinates Plot 1 Cartesian Spherical Cylindrical Range Function 7 z x y sin x cos y 3 1415926534 3 1415926534 Click on Add Cancel dismisses the dialog box without changing the graph The plot is rendered in hidden line mode by default
106. er of equations is 3 so 6 type a 2 into the n field when you tab out of the field the input window automatically reformats to accept the appropriate number of equations 7 Type the right sides of the equations The left sides x 1 etc are set up to denote dxi dt and are not editable 8 Double click on the Initial Conditions icon to input the initial conditions OPTIONS Method choices include RKF nth order Runge Kutta Fehlberg integration See the OdelvpRKF function description in the Refer ence Manual Smooth This method is a translation of an extrapolation code which is based on the Bulirsch Stoer Gragg algorithm combined with the explicit midpoint rule See the OdeIvpSmooth function description in the Refer ence Manual s Stiff Based upon the cyclic composite method due to Tendler Bickart and Picel for solving nonlinear stiff systems of ordinary differential equations See the OdelvpStiff function description in the Reference Manual For this example we choose RKF 9 Type the absolute and relative tolerances cited above 1 0e 9 and 1 0e 11 The default values of start and stop times are correct to see 11 output steps 10 change Step to 0 1 National Instruments Corporation 5 33 HiQ User Manual Problem Solvers Chapter 5 The final problem setup is shown below Project1 0DEIUP1 x i filx xin t x 1 2 x 2 finalAb
107. es No Cancer Clicking on Yes saves the contents of the editor and closes the window No exits the window without saving the contents and Cancel returns you to the editing session TEXT ENTERING AND EDITING The main area of the editor window is used for text entry and editing The Script Editor is always in insert mode so typing produces added text at the insertion point You can move the insertion point by clicking or using the arrow keys Skeletons of HiQ Script block constructs are available from the Insert palette to the left of the text entry area and from the Insert menu For example if you needed a for construct in your script clicking on for in the Insert palette would result in for 1Var 1FirstValue to 2LastValue step 3Value do end for being inserted in your script at the cursor s location See the example at the end of this chapter The left arrow key moves the insertion point one character to the left If pressed at the left end of a line the insertion point will be moved to the right end of the preceding line The right arrow key moves the insertion point to the right by one character From the right end the pointer is moved to the beginning of the next line The up and down arrow keys move the insertion point up and down one row Pressing Option and the left arrow key moves the pointer to the end of the previous variable keyword or number Similarly pressing option right arrow moves the pointer
108. ew position there is a delay while the frame is recorded and the frame counter is incremented 9 In several steps move the graph back to the center of the window 10 Select Graph Options from the Graph menu and change the graph s title Click on OK 11 Select Axis Options from the Graph menu and change the x axis title to Time and the y axis to Radius Click on OK 12 In three steps move the graph to the right 13 click on the Record button to stop recording To rewind the movie 14 click on the Rewind button The frame counter is reset to zero 15 Click on Play The frames you recorded are played back National Instruments Corporation 6 35 HiQ User Manual The Graph Editor Chapter 6 16 Click on the Stop button to turn off play mode If you want to start the movie from a specific frame select Go To Frame from the Animation menu To change the speed of movie playback change the Frame Rate in the Movie Options dialog box Movies menu A reasonable rate is between 1 and 20 To play the movie over and over select Loop from the Animation menu then click on the Play button Stop the playback at any time with the Stop button Saving and restoring your work may be accomplished with the following commands from the Animation menu id Save Movie As saves the movie to a new symbol name You are left editing the movie under the new name Save Movie saves the current state of the movie Save Movie Copy
109. f the row Commas work the same as tabs each comma flags a cell which is filled with zero if there is no number before the comma HiQ User Manual 10 2 National Instruments Corporation Chapter 10 Import Export Space Text there is a space between each item in a row and a carriage return at the end of the row Multiple spaces are treated as a single space separating numbers Spaces at the beginning and end of the line are thrown away General you are unsure of the format of the file This method reads the input text file and saves everything that looks like a number It is useful for reading data that isn t in one of the other formats When there are fewer numbers on one row than in other rows all trailing numbers in that row are set to zero PICT A picture file in PICT format Not available when importing numeric data Tf you tell HiQ that you are importing tab delimited text and the data is separated by commas results are unpredictable and no message will appear to warn you of possible confusion It s always best to care fully check your data once it has been imported into HiQ 6 Click on Import Your data will be imported into a HiQ symbol which will be opened in the appropriate editor Numeric data from programs like Microsoft Excel needs to be saved using the Text option If you create your own file from a program written in FORTRAN or other language separate the items in a row with tabs commas or spaces and end each
110. feature that allows you to do on page editing ENTERING AND EXITING THE EDITOR The mode in which you use the Text Editor depends on how you invoke it ON PAGE TEXT EDITING To create a new text Symbol and edit it directly on the Worksheet page 1 Place a text Symbol on the Worksheet by selecting the Text tool and clicking on the Worksheet HiQ creates a text Symbol in expanded view that you can edit in place Notice that the menus at the top of the screen change to reflect the fact that you are now using the Text Editor To edit existing text on page 1 Select the Text tool in the Tool palette 2 Click on a text Symbol that is in expanded view An insertion point appears in the text You can now edit on page and use the Text Editor menus To exit from on page edit mode click anywhere outside the text Symbol you are editing Even though you may have changed this Symbol you will not be asked to save your changes On page edits are not saved to disk until the next time you choose Save Worksheet from the File menu EDITING TEXT IN A SEPARATE WINDOW To edit text in a separate window 1 Double click on an existing text Symbol on the Worksheet or 1 Select Create Symbol from the File menu or click on New in the Symbol List to bring up the Create Symbol dialog and 2 Type ina name select String and click on Create amp Edit or finally 1 Select an existing text Symbol in the Symbol List and click on Edit Nationa
111. g box appears during the installation pro cedure You are running on a PowerPC machine This version of HiQ can be run on either a 68080 or PowerPC machine or both Choose one of the following installation options for HiQ 68080 Runs on 68080 machines only Runs on PowerPC machines only Runs on both 68080 and PowerPC machines You have three options to choose from 680x0 This option installs HiQ as a native 680x0 Macintosh application Choose this option only if you have purchased a multiple user license for HiQ and your Power Macintosh is a server machine for other 680x0 machines Do not choose this option if you plan to run HiQ from a Power Macintosh machine PowerPC This option installs HiQ as a native Power Macintosh application This is the preferred option for Power Macintosh machines Universal This option installs HiQ as a Fat Binary application that can run as a native application on either a 680x0 or Power Macintosh machine The Fat Binary includes code that is appropriate for both 680x0 and Power Macintosh machines This type of installation requires approximately twice as much disk space as the processor specific options but does not require any more memory to run Choose this option only if you have purchased a multiple user license for HiQ and your Power Macintosh is a server machine for other 680x0 and Power Macintosh machines INSTALLING ON A 680X0 MACINTOSH If you are installi
112. ges made in the editing area are dismissed without affecting the current cell SELECTION METHODS In addition to the standard single cell and rectangular selection options the Data Editor allows diagonal and triangular selections Selection is chosen by clicking on one of the four icons in the left margin of the editor window The rectangular selection method is the default Its icon will be highlighted when you first open the editor To select one cell click within it To select a rectangular group of cells click in one corner cell and drag diago nally to the opposite corner cell or click in one corner cell and shift click in the opposite corner cell Click on this icon to perform a diagonal selection Click on the first cell then drag along the desired diagonal to the last cell The diagonal band may be more than one cell deep The triangular selection highlights either the upper or lower triangle of what would otherwise be a rectangular selection Click and drag from the upper left corner to the lower right corner of the rectangle enclosing your desired triangle The dark portion of the triangle selection icon indicates whether the upper or lower triangle will be selected To select an entire row or group of rows click in the row tag when the cursor changes to and drag to select more than one row To select an entire column or group of columns click in the column tag when the cursor changes to and drag to select more than on
113. h and Power Macintosh version 2 1 Edition Date August 1994 Part Number 320734B 01 Please comment on the completeness clarity and organization of the manual If you find errors in the manual please record the page numbers and describe the errors Thank you for your help Name Title Company Address Phone Mail to Technical Publications Fax to Technical Publications National Instruments Corporation National Instruments Corporation 6504 Bridge Point Parkway MS 53 02 MS 53 02 Austin TX 78730 5039 512 794 5678 INDEX A aborting script execution 8 7 animating a graph 6 33 atomic type 7 2 Auto Clip definition 6 9 turning on and off 6 10 auto scale 6 10 automatic typing 7 3 axis label 6 9 axis options 6 9 C case sensitivity of variable names 7 3 7 6 comments in HiQ Script 7 6 compiled scripts 3 27 8 7 compound keywords 7 6 contour plot 6 32 Create menu 3 5 Create New Symbol dialog 3 24 Customer Communication A 1 cut copy paste between Worksheets 3 28 to 3 29 D Data Editor autoscrolling 4 4 cell selection 4 5 to 4 6 clearing a selection 4 7 cut copy paste 4 8 to 4 9 data labels tags 4 8 deleting rows or columns 4 7 editing a cell 4 5 extending a selection 4 6 inserting rows or columns 4 7 keyboard navigation 4 4 list of cursors 4 9 to 4 10 moving data to and from other applications 4 9 number forma
114. he beginning or end of the script unless Wrap Around Search is selected e Find finds the search string leaves that string highlighted i Cancel dismisses the Replace dialog box taking no further action Replace Again under the Utility menu performs the action currently specified in the Replace dialog box for the next occurrence of the target string If it cannot find the target string no action is taken As an aid to debugging errant scripts you may wish to display line numbers To do so select Show Line Numbers from the Utility menu When line numbers are visible that command becomes Hide Line Numbers Navigation to a particular line number may be accomplished with the Go To command under the Utility menu Go To Line Number Top _ Bottom Cancel s Go To highlights the specified line number e Top highlights the first line of the script National Instruments Corporation 8 5 HiQ User Manual The Script Editor Chapter 8 e Bottom highlights the last line 7 Cancel dismisses the Go To dialog box taking no further action Built in functions may be inserted into your scripts by selecting the Functions Menu from the File menu See Functions Menu in the Problem Solver chapter for a full explanation of this facility SCRIPT FORMAT The appearance of the Script Editor window may be changed in several ways Indenting lines to provide a visual clue to the script s structu
115. he compilation errors window appears listing all bugs in your script To track down a bug click anywhere in the error explanation to select the error then click on Locate The Script Editor window will be brought to the front and the pointer will be located as close as possible to the problem area in the script The contents of the error window may be saved in a symbol by clicking on Save 4 Replace the missing do and semicolon and click on Syntax just to verify the script To further analyze your script 5 Click on XRef Pro ject1 Samplescript_kkef 00001 project A 00002 00003 for i 1 to 5 do 00004 for j 1 to 5 do 00005 ALli jl i j 00006 end for 00007 end for 00008 Symbol Cross Reference for external statements indicates that the symbol was set on the indicated line 1 5 3 3 3 4 The cross reference consists of a numbered listing of the script and a list of all variables along with the line numbers where they appear and an indication of where the variable was defined The results of the cross ref erence analysis are placed in a text Symbol named ScriptName_XRef A number is appended to the symbol name each time the cross reference is executed You can view the cross reference record at any time by dou ble clicking on the symbol s name in the Symbol List 6 Click on Run to execute the script If all goes well you should see an indication that there were no errors 7 Click on O
116. ick in the Worksheet After every placement of a Symbol on the Worksheet the tool selection reverts to the selection tool Double clicking on a tool locks the selection until you select another tool HiQ User Manual 3 12 National Instruments Corporation Chapter 3 The Worksheet A Symbol may be placed on the Worksheet in its expanded view by dragging For example let s place a matrix on the Worksheet 3 Select the Integer Matrix tool 4 Click on the Worksheet and drag as shown in the following diagram Project1 Worksheet Click here ajal a ll Projecti Worksheet Al Bie eS If the border is too large select Fit to Contents from the Worksheet menu National Instruments Corporation 3 13 HiQ User Manual The Worksheet A table of tools follows Chapter 3 Tool Symbol Tool Symbol HiQ Script Polynomial Roots 7 M POLY ROOT gt Integer real or complex scalar Nonlinear Systems ao INTEGER Integer real or complex column Integrator vector REAL gt Integer real or complex row vec eee TE General Roots tor iVE COMPLEX GEM ROOT b Integer real or complex matrix one ODE Initial Value o EFE REAL ODE IYP 2 dimensional graph r ODE Boundary Value ef ODE BYP 3 dimensional graph seer E INTEG DAN Integral Equations Min D OPT Image PICT Loo Data Fitting E DATA FIT Expression Evaluation RAS
117. ick on Save Script before running the Problem Solver project answerl errorl numEvall integFctl function integFctl x arg_a x return sin 100 lt pi gt x lt pi gt x end function local lowerLimit upperLimit absError relError maxEvaluations lowerLimit 0 1 upperLimit 1 0 absError 1 0e 6 relError 1 0e 6 maxEvaluations 1000 answerl errorl numEvall IntegAdapt integFctl lowerLimit upperLimit absError relError maxEvaluations POLYNOMIAL Roots Use this Solver to determine all the real and complex roots of the general nth degree complex polynomial an ib_ X an1 iby x a ib x ag ibo Ads To start the Polynomial Root Solver from the Worksheet place a Polynomial Root Solver Symbol on the Worksheet and double click on it To start the Polynomial Root Solver from the Solvers menu select Polynomial Roots from the Solvers menu To start the Polynomial Root Solver from the Create Menu 1 select Create Symbol 2 click on Problem Solver in the left column 3 click on Polynomial Roots in the right column 4 type aname and National Instruments Corporation 5 25 HiQ User Manual Problem Solvers Chapter 5 5 click on Create amp Edit Project1 PolyRoots1 in Initial estimate 10 A Graph KJ Execute O Save script O verbose SAMPLE PROBLEM Let s find the roo
118. ider within the row tags area allowing you to adjust row height National Instruments Corporation 4 9 HiQ User Manual The Data Editor Chapter 4 p Row Selection The cursor is within a row tag area Click to select the entire row Column Selection The cursor is within a column tag area Click to select the entire column SAVING Your DATA You will be reminded to save or discard your data when you close the Data Editor For more control the fol lowing choices are available under the File menu Save Symbol As saves the symbol with the name specified in the standard file dialog box Save Symbol saves the symbol with the current name Save Copy of Symbol saves the contents of the editor under a new name but the editor remains loaded with the original symbol e Revert Symbol returns the editor s contents to the state at last save Before reading in the old data HiQ allows you to change your mind PRINTING To print the current contents of the Data Editor select Print from the File menu PREFERENCES Select Preferences for under the File menu to set preferences for future use of the Data Editor See Work sheet Preferences in the Worksheet chapter for a description of the global preferences system You have control over the following defaults in the Data Editor e font typeface and size e horizontal and vertical justification e row height default format for integer real and
119. ies of contour lines make sure the plot is selected and select Show as Contour from the Plot menu Choose the contour parameters when this dialog box appears Contour Levels Iterate value From J 0 996584 t 0 996584 In I steps Cok _ You can specify the range of contours and the number of contours in terms of step size or number of steps National Instruments Corporation 6 31 HiQ User Manual The Graph Editor Chapter 6 The example below is rendered in hidden line mode the other three rendering methods work as well Graphs Graph3D3 Graph3D3 os Z Axis 0 0 To project contour lines onto one of the three planes select Project to X Plane Project to Y Plane or Project to Z Plane from the Plot menu Selecting No Projection turns off the projection The surface may be displayed in any desired mode including surface contour or points with any of the avail able rendering methods The following example shows a surface in hidden line mode with the grids turned off Projection is to the Z Plane Graphs Graph3D3 Graph3D3 Z Axis 0 0 HiQ User Manual 6 32 National Instruments Corporation Chapter 6 The Graph Editor ANIMATION The Graph Editor s animation facility enables you to string a series of graph views into a movie This works for both 2 and 3 dimensional graphs and the movie can be recorde
120. iles a keiers inresa aoaaa KERRO 2 3 Quick Statt eer a Ea eee S er Sed EEA 2 3 The Proble erea ret aa e Ne NEE 2 5 Data Fitting Problem Solver ssseseeessessesereeerrererserees 2 5 Problem Solver Basics endnu 2 7 Setting Up the Input Data oe eeeeeeeeeee 2 7 QUEPUL veces EE E Pest baleen Piece ater en EE 2 12 The Symbol List oo cece e i ii 2 12 Rerunning the Analysis eee ceeeeeceeceseceeeeseeeeees 2 18 Printio r a a Redd aad r atetives 2 20 SUIMIMALY aient e e EEE EA opus secede O EEEE EAEEREN 2 21 Chapter 3 The Worksheet 54sec oecrsnisenesiinniiinsennnieiaen 3 1 Launching and Quitting HiQ seseeseseeeeseseseeserrrsrrererrerersese 3 1 SYMBOLS enee o r ternal ate geek E ENESES 3 2 Worksheet Basics iissiceisuricii areren a a 3 3 Tool Palette tseno aenea en oa n 3 3 The Create Menu cesseccsiine isisa dinke S i 3 5 THE Solvers Men rironnirriare ar e caeentes 3 5 Symbols and the Worksheet eeeseeeeeneeeeeereerereeeeee 3 5 National Instruments Corporation v HiQ User Manual Contents Multiple Pages eena T a ERRO 3 11 Creating Symbols with the Tool Palette ee 3 12 Annotating the Worksheet 0 eee ceeeceeeeseneeeceeeeeeneeee 3 15 Text Annotation ier e ee e aene 3 16 Shape Annotation eseseeseseeeesesereererersererrrrerersesereeee 3 18 Worksheet Preferences ccccceceesecceceeeeeeeeenneeeceeeeeseeeee 3 21 The Symbol Liste ienna e E teres 3 22 Cut Copy Paste and Undo o0 e ee
121. in the Reference Manual e Muller This algorithm finds the real or complex roots of a general complex function f z by utilizing an iter ation formula formed from a three point Lagrangian interpolation formula and direct interpolation It is essen tially a generalization of the Secant method See RootMuller function description in the Reference Manual National Instruments Corporation 5 29 HiQ User Manual Problem Solvers Chapter 5 The final problem setup is shown below Project1 GenRoots1 iptions Local substitutions O Save script O verbose We choose the Bisection method with the default tolerance of 1 0e 6 in this case 7 Click on the run button the right facing arrow between the input and output areas OUTPUT Double click on the realRoot icon in the Outputs area to view the result the number of iterations required to attain the solution is stored in iterations 1 Projecti realRoot0 Pe Ci G To generate a script click on Save Script before running the Problem Solver local leftEndPoint rightEndPoint tolerance leftEndPoint 0 HiQ User Manual 5 30 National Instruments Corporation Chapter 5 Problem Solvers rightEndPoint 10 0 tolerance 1 0e 6 project rootFct0 function rootFctoO x arg_a 1 0 return exp x x end function realRoot0 iterations0O RootBisection rootFct0O leftEndPoint rightEndPoint
122. ind Place Edit qh pln HiQ User Manual 1 2 National Instruments Corporation Chapter 1 Introducing HiQ Where in the past you may have been forced to input data through a command line such as Input Radius Vector 21934224 2485939 212445 HiQ presents a spreadsheet like data editor for your work Intro Radius 2 193422e 07 2 485939e 0 2 124450e 05 Traditional graphing methods may have required you to set up a graph using a script like language Start 3DGraph Title Plot of sin x cos x AddPlot sin x cos x x gt 3 14 3 14 y gt 3 14 3 14 Although HiQ s script language allows you to build a graph from a script for automation purposes you can also use the Graph Editor which is a fully interactive 2D and 3D graphics editor Intro Graph3D1 Plot of sin x cos y AN IAN oR DG H AY Graph Options os HSS Graph Title Plot of sin x cos y HA NUE Show Title Z Show Labels ETUR RS AN N EJ Show Axes O Show Legend 05 wy AY O Show Grids Zee eal National Instruments Corporation 1 3 HiQ User Manual Introducing HiQ Chapter 1 To design and build a custom application you traditionally need a general purpose scientific language such as FORTRAN or C and the documentation for a public domain or commercial scientific subroutine library You typically spend half your time decoding and sometimes debugging elements of the math subroutine lib
123. ines added to the script Cancel dismisses the dialog box without making any changes To further enhance the readability of the script you may choose to highlight HiQ Script keywords by selecting Highlight Keywords from the Utility menu This command immediately affects the entire script selecting it causes all keywords to be changed to bold face deselecting it changes the keywords back to standard font If you don t want to see the Insert palette select Hide Insert Palette from the Utility menu When the palette is not visible the command changes to Show Insert Palette The font and font size may be changed with the Font and Size menus Although any font in your system may be used to display a script non proportional fonts such as Courier or Monaco work best for programming lan guages CoMPILER BUTTONS AND STATUS MESSAGES There are four control buttons across the top of the Script Editor window Click on the Syntax button to check the syntax without compiling the script Errors will be presented in a Compiler Errors window Click on the Compile button to compile the script without executing it Errors will be presented in a Compiler Errors window Click on Run to initiate a compilation and if there are no compiler errors an execution of your script Com piler errors will be presented in the Compiler Errors window If there are no errors the results of the execution will be presented in a Script Results window XRef presents a cross
124. ion 6 5 HiQ User Manual The Graph Editor Chapter 6 5 Click on y in the list of numeric symbols Since y is a matrix you must select a row or column so enter 4 in the Row field Select a Vector INTEGER MATRIX 6 Click on OK You cannot insert a number in both the Row and Column fields 7 To select the domain data pull down the x menu and select Vector ia Y Interval 8 Click on Select and choose x from the list of symbols Select a Vector INTEGER VECTOR Row Bil is of ci 9 9 Click on OK HiQ User Manual 6 6 National Instruments Corporation Chapter 6 The Graph Editor The final plot setup should look something like Add Plot Plot Title Coordinates Cartesian Polar Cylindrical Plot Type Range yoo W510 Vector x 5 10 Click on Add Graph2D1 Piet I Y Axis40 30 20 PARAMETRIC CURVE A parametric curve is one in which both the x and y values are a function of a single variable A circle could be defined as x sin t and y cos t as t goes from 7 to T 1 Create a new 2D graph and open it into the Graph Editor National Instruments Corporation 6 7 HiQ User Manual The Graph Editor y Select Add Plot from the Plot menu 3 Select P Curve as the Plot Type Plot Type Range C P Curve Ei Surface P Surface ylx 4 Type sin t for x t
125. ipt Built In Functions INVOKING AND QUITTING THE Data EDITOR You can use the following methods to create a new numeric symbol and open it for editing From the Worksheet place a numeric data symbol icon on the Worksheet and double click on it a From the Create Menu 1 select the Create Symbol command in the File menu or click on New in the Symbol List to bring up the 7 Create Symbol Dialog Box National Instruments Corporation 4 HiQ User Manual The Data Editor Chapter 4 Project Create Symbol S Symbol Type Numeric Type Hid Script Integer String Real Graph 2D Complex Graph 3D EO OoOO a 2 Problem Solver p Scalar Row Vector Columns O Column vector Matrix Create amp Edit 2 click on Scalar Row Vector Column Vector or Matrix in the left column 3 click on Integer Real or Complex in the Numeric Type group 4 type the number of rows and columns scalar and vector selections will produce the appropriate row and column fields 5 type a name and 6 click on Create amp Edit To edit an existing numeric symbol use one of the following methods double click on the Symbol on the Worksheet 4 select the symbol s name in the Symbol List and click on Edit or e double click on a numeric symbol s icon in a Problem Solver To quit the Data Editor click on the window s close box An alert provides the opportunity to save your dat
126. itor I installation 2 1 to 2 3 intrinsic data types 7 2 K keyword list 7 24 keywords 7 7 L language constants 7 23 launching HiQ 3 1 to 3 2 local variables 7 4 logical operators 7 6 to 7 7 logical type 7 2 HiQ User Manual M movie playback in movie window 6 36 playback in the Graph Editor 6 35 recording 6 35 symbol 6 36 movie playback speed 6 36 multiple page worksheet 3 11 N names of variables 7 3 non numeric types 7 2 to 7 3 numeric data types 7 2 numerical operators 7 6 to 7 8 O operator precendence 7 8 P parametric curve 6 7 to 6 8 parametric surface 6 23 to 6 24 plot colors 6 17 plot types 6 16 plotting a function 2D 6 3 to 6 20 plotting a function 3D 6 20 to 6 32 plotting a parametric curve 6 8 plotting data 2D 6 5 plotting data 3D 6 21 preferences Data Editor 4 10 Graph Editor 6 19 HiQ Script Editor 8 8 Problem Solvers 5 8 program vs current Worksheet 3 21 script execution 8 8 Worksheet 3 21 printing the Worksheet 3 30 Problem Solver expression evaluation 5 9 Problem Solvers data fitting 5 51 from the Create menu 3 5 general features 5 2 to 5 5 general roots 5 28 National Instruments Corporation integral equations 5 43 nonlinear systems 5 17 numerical integration 5 22 ODE boundary value 5 38 ODE initial value 5 31 online help 5 5 optimization 5 48 polynomial roots 5 25 Save Script 5 4 project variables 7 4 to
127. k go through the Problem Solver Graph Editor and HiQ Script chapters If you haven t programmed extensively in high order languages such as FORTRAN Pascal or C it would be a good idea to read through the HiQ Script chapter The entire HiQ Script language is described in detail and you ll find examples to help you along National Instruments Corporation xi HiQ User Manual About This Manual If you are unfamiliar with the Macintosh reread the manual that came with your machine Pay particular attention to file and folder organization and methods of controlling screen behavior with the mouse NOTATION CONVENTIONS E Notes and graphics in the left column are meant to call your attention to points of interest Examples of HiQ Script code look like this function factorial y x Vi Zz X while x gt 1 x x 1 zZz Z x end while return z end function Keywords are in bold When HiQ Script keywords such as while are referred to within text they will be set in the Courier typeface When you are asked to do something in tutorial sections the required action is prefaced by a number and the text will be set off in boldface The exclamation point marks a comment that will help you in using HiQ It might be a time or space sav ing feature or a warning Associated text is in italics HiQ User Manual xii National Instruments Corporation CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCING HIQ In THE BEGINNING Since the dawn of
128. l Instruments Corporation 9 1 HiQ User Manual The Text Editor Chapter 9 After using one of these methods you will see a text entry window Project String Remember that if you elect to have the optional Script Results window appear after every script execution the data will be presented in the Text Editor which means that in addition to viewing the data you may also edit it and save it for future use To exit from the Text Editor window click in the window s close box or select Close from the File menu When editing from a Text Editor window you will be prompted to save any changes TEXT ENTERING AND EDITING Text entering and editing is the same when working on page or in a Text Editor window The editor is always in insert mode so typing produces added text at the insertion point defined by the cursor s current location You can move the insertion point by clicking or using the arrow keys Select text by dragging over the words you wish to edit You can select one word by double clicking any where within the word Clicking at the beginning of a line then dragging down will select the entire line Cut copy and paste under the Edit menu are standard Clear deletes the selected text without first placing it in the clipboard for later retrieval Pressing the delete key is the same as Clear You have one level of Undo available Once you have selected Undo from the Edit menu the Undo menu item changes to Redo
129. lect Worksheet LE Projecti Preferences Subject p Default run amp Graph v Problem Solvers Data Editor Graph Editor Import amp Export HiQ Script Editor Symbol List 0 ee Execution Verbose You have control over the following Worksheet attributes e Worksheet size pages tall and pages wide and e printing options option to display document name in the heading a date and time heading page border and page numbers Using the subject menu you may peruse and modify other preferences New defaults are active as soon as they are selected THE SYMBOL LIST The Symbol List presents a list of all symbols currently stored in the Worksheet and contains tools to manip ulate them Show Types E Hid Script amp Graph EJ Piot a Movie EJ String amp Problem Solver Project1 Symbol List i Scalar Iza Vector amp Matrix amp Compiled Script amp Function amp Picture Show Other C Script Results C invalid Script Variable Names O Name Contains o New Delete Rename Find HiQ User Manual 3 22 National Instruments Corporation Chapter 3 The Worksheet There are three areas in the Symbol List window e Display control Scrolling list of symbols and Control buttons When you first start HiQ the Symbol List will look as it does above with all display options checked and no symb
130. line with a carriage return Without the carriage return HiQ has no idea of the dimensions of your matrix Text data must be saved in standard ASCII format The only difference between the input types Script and Text is what HiQ does with the data since each is simply ASCII text Scripts generated in another program should use tabs as the indenting character rather than spaces since that is the scheme that will be implemented in the Script Editor The Import Symbol window is not modal that is any time you wish to dismiss it click on the close box at the left end of the title bar In the meantime you can continue importing files EXPORTING A SYMBOL To export data from a HiQ symbol 1 select the symbol to be exported in the Symbol List or on the Worksheet As an example we will use the same symbol imported in the previous section renamed OuttaHere National Instruments Corporation 10 3 HiQ User Manual Import Export Chapter 10 2 Select Export Symbol from the File menu SS Project1 Export Symbol SE Pressure Real Vector iptions Export Method Tabbed Text v Cancel Export The Export Symbol dialog box presents information about the symbol you are about to export and provides an opportunity to select the form of output file most appropriate to your needs 3 Pull down the Export Method menu to make your choice of file type Export methods include e TEXT text and script data are stored on the ta
131. lnvector0 9291502622129004682 To generate a script click on Save Script before running the Problem Solver project nonlinEqns0 solnVector0 initVector0 local maxIterations xTolerance fTolerance maxIterations 100 xTolerance 6 fTolerance 6 1 0 1 0 Function nonlinEqns0 index x arg_a 1 0 select index from case 1 return x 1 2F2 x 2 2 x 2 2 x 13 C0 3 case 2 return x 1 2 8 x 2 2 10 x 3 0 case 3 return x 1 2 7 x 2 x 3 1 end select return 0 end function solnVector0O SysNewton nonlinEgns0O maxIterations xTolerance fTolerance initVector0O You can set up the initial estimate vector in the Data Editor or you can add the following line above the call to the SysNewton function initVector0O 3 3 3 Before going too far into working with your own scripts refer to HiQ Script and Script Editor chapters National Instruments Corporation 5 2 HiQ User Manual Problem Solvers Chapter 5 NUMERICAL INTEGRATION The Numerical Integrator is capable of computing the integral of a wide variety of function types To start the Integrator from the Worksheet place an Integrator Symbol on the Worksheet and double click on sume it To start the Integrator from the Solvers menu select Numerical Integration from the Solvers menu To start the Integrator from the Create Menu 1 select Create Symbol click on Pro
132. lvers 7 From the Symbol List select polyFitGraph0 and click on Edit Polynomial fit graph fitted curve 200 4 150 4 Y Axis 100 4 50 T T T T 1 1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 X Axis The script from this problem is project X Y weight0 local A b U V S polyDegree toleranc r i Ji polyDegree 3 tolerance 1 0e 11 A b formPolyFit polyDegree X Y weight0 U S V SVD A polyCoefficients0 polyResidual0 SVDfit U V S b tolerance METHODS For more information on the methods used in the Data Fitting Problem Solver see the appropriate function descriptions in the Reference Manual Method Function Linear Estimation Line fit lineFit Polynomial fit formPolyFit General fit formLSFit Nonlinear Estimation genFit National Instruments Corporation 5 57 HiQ User Manual CHAPTER 6 THE GRAPH EDITOR HiQ s Graph Editor is a fully interactive 2 dimensional 2D and 3 dimensional 3D plotting facility You can control the graph environment including axes labels and plot types Once a graph has been generated you may use your mouse to change the graph s orientation perspective size and rendering mode Presentation quality printing is available and most Graph Editor functionality is available through the HiQ Script lan guage Numeric Problem HiQ Script Built In Functions ENTERING AND EXITING THE GRAPH EDITOR As with the o
133. lvers e check syntax and e execute a script Numeric f Problem HiQ Script Built In Functions ENTERING AND EXITING THE EDITOR To create a script and open it for editing from the Worksheet place a script Symbol on the Worksheet and dou ble click on it To create a script and open it for editing from the Create menu National Instruments Corporation 8 1 HiQ User Manual The Script Editor 1 select Create Symbol Project1 Create Symbol Name Hi Script1 Symbol Type Hid Script String Graph 2D Graph 3D Problem Solver Scalar Row Vector Column Vector Matrix Create amp Edit 2 click on Script in the left column 3 type a name if you wish to replace the default name and 4 click on Create amp Edit To edit an existing script double click on the Symbol on the Worksheet or s select the symbol s name in the Symbol List and click on Edit The Script Editor window takes the following form HiQ User Manual exit while next while repeat repeat forever exit repeat next repeat for exit for next for select case default Project1 HiQScript1 E Chapter 8 8 2 National Instruments Corporation Chapter 8 The Script Editor To exit the editor click on the window s close box You will be prompted with a request to save your work Save Changes So Save Edit Changes Before Closing Symbol is HidScript1 v
134. lyCoefficientsO 1 osere 1044 46 0 263054 BESS THE SYMBOL LIST From here we re going on to the Symbol List and the Graph Editor so 2 Close the Data Editor and Data Fitter windows and save your data 3 Select Symbol List from the File menu First Problem Symbol List show Types DataFit Ba Hin seript A seater DataFiti_script_Run E Graph E vector fittedCurvePlot0 EJ Piot EJ Matrix polyCoefficients0 amp Movie amp Compiled Script polyFitDataPloto amp String amp Function amp Problem Solver amp Picture polyFitGraph0 Show Other O Script Results C invalid Script Variable Names oO Name Contains fe r a New Delete Rename Find Place Edit All symbols currently residing in the Worksheet are displayed in the Symbol List From here you can delete rename and edit existing symbols and create new ones Though you will create some symbols from the HiQ User Manual 2 12 National Instruments Corporation Chapter 2 Getting Started Worksheet as you did the Data Fitting Problem Solver others will be created through script and Problem Solver executions With the Symbol List you can place the ones of interest on the Worksheet to help organize your problem solutions Since we want to display the graph on the Worksheet we ll place it there now 4 Select polyFitGraph0 by clicking on its name in the list 5 Click on the Place button and close the Symbol List The Worksheet now
135. maginary parts 1 11 or as polar values 1 45 In summation form the following inputs are equal 1 2i 1421 1 2j 1 2J A number with zero real part may be input as the imaginary part only 2i Complex numbers in angular form may be input as follows Angle in Form Radians 1 1r 1 1R Degrees 1 1d 1 1D 1 1 Option shift 8 produces Grads 1 1g 1 1G Whenever a number will not fit within the cell boundary it will be truncated with a trailing ellipsis The num ber 123456787654 might look like 123456787 The chosen format attribute applies to all selected cells To reformat all data select the entire matrix then proceed with the formatting commands rrujovtrauuine Click here to select entire matrix HiQ User Manual 4 6 National Instruments Corporation Chapter 4 The Data Editor You may change the size of any combination of rows and columns To adjust row height move the pointer to the bottom of the row s tag cell The cursor will change to Drag up or down until the desired row height is attained jajn aza To adjust the height of multiple rows first select the desired rows then position the cursor over the row divider of any of the selected rows When the cursor metamorphoses into the aforementioned drag to attain the desired row height All selected rows will take on the new dimension To adjust a column width mov
136. mbedded in a word For example searching for on will turn up only ton and telephone as well as on If you search for multiple words everything counts so be sure of the num ber of spaces between words as well as exact spelling 99 66 There are four options available Search Backwards searches from the current location of the pointer backwards to the beginning of the file where it stops unless you have selected Wrap Around Search Wrap Around Search searches forward to the end then from the beginning to the current pointer position or backward to the beginning then from the end to the current position depending on whether you have specified forward or backward search e Entire Word only finds the search string if it constitutes an entire word specifying on with Entire Word selected would find on but not only 7 Case Sensitive by default the Find command is not case sensitive so specifying Case would find both case and Case Selecting Case Sensitive requires an exact match The Find button causes the pointer to move to the next occurrence of the search string with that string high lighted The search proceeds from the current location of the pointer forward or backward depending on whether you have selected Search Backwards If Wrap Around Search is not selected the search stops at the end of the script If Wrap Around Search is selected the search co
137. message proclaiming success Message Compilation complete no errors 5 Click on OK The compiled script has been placed in a symbol called DataFit1_script_Run To place this symbol on the Worksheet for more convenient access 6 Close the script window and the Data Fitter saving changes 7 Select Symbol List from the File menu 8 Select DataFit1_script1_Run 9 Click on the Place button 10 Close the Symbol List 11 Move the compiled script icon below the Data Fitter 12 Select the compiled script 13 Press return 14 Type DoRainfall no space between the word Do and the word Rainfall to change the compiled script s name National Instruments Corporation 2 19 HiQ User Manual Getting Started Chapter 2 The final setup looks like this First Problem Worksheet Rainfall Analysis 17 1 DataFiti 15 4 a Cy 13 E 12 9 DoRainfan w oll a o salon wo ato alot 1989 1990 16 8 15 3 Rainfall Average Annual Rainfall fitted curve Rainfall in gt 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 Year Suppose you notice that the rainfall for 1986 doesn t match your recollection of the weather that year You check the original data and find that the correct rainfall for 1986 was 17 6 inches no
138. n has been compiled it becomes a HiQ symbol and is available to any script or Problem Solver in the Worksheet A function may be defined in the same script in which it is called or in some other script There is no HiQ imposed limit to the number of functions which may be defined in any particular script but you may not define a function inside another function The general form of a function is function fname x y z statements return expr end function where expr is a single valued expression Following our standard rules of syntax the expression can range from a constant to a previously defined variable to a multi line expression and can represent a scalar vector matrix or any other symbol A user defined function may return only a single value only HiQ built in func tions can return multiple values see Calling HiQ Built in Functions later in this chapter If you need to define a function that returns more than one variable you can achieve a similar result by allowing the function to return values in some of its input arguments See Call by Reference later in this chapter It is not neces sary to return a value if there is no return the function acts like a procedure The calling form looks like t fname a b c Variables inside the function are implicitly Local unless declared project in scope Therefore the names of variables in the calling line in this case a b and c need not be identical to
139. n theta i i 1 end repeat when i gt 5 Again the expression in this case i gt 5 may be any legal logical expression In addition there is the following construct repeat forever statements end repeat To prevent the compiler from flagging an error there must be an exit or return statement inside the repeat loop See the Block Escape Statements section below for methods of breaking out of the repeat loop BLock ESCAPE STATEMENTS The next and exit statements are available to provide an exception mechanism to break from program structures NEXT The next statement is used to conveniently go on to the following iteration within a loop structure It may be used with the while repeat and for loops Also the next case statement may be used to skip to the next case in select statements National Instruments Corporation 7 15 HiQ User Manual The HiQ Script Language Chapter 7 In a for loop you can execute a specified section of code for only certain values by using the following setup for i 1 to 1000 do if sin i 1000 gt 0 5 then next for end if statement statement statement end for In this situation an if then else construction would be just as clear but a more complex example might well use the next option next iteration is equivalent tonext for next while andnext repeat EXIT Exit allows you to escape entirely from a specified loop Further you may escape from more than one l
140. n turned off both axes and grids disappear Chapter 6 from the Graph menu d Show Grids select this item to turn on grids Both major and minor grid lines will be added to the graph with spacing specified by Axis Options see previous section If Show Axe Grids s is not selected you can t select Show Show Labels controls the existence of text and numeric axis labels This button does not control the graph title or plot labels 7 Show Legend when selected a legend appears in the lower right corner of the graph s Auto Clip this selection limits the axes to bound the plot s as they are defined The graph s axes will be adjusted for any plots added or removed With this item selected you may not modify axis ranges in the Axis Options dialog box see previous section e Auto Scale Only for 3D graphs when selected Auto Scale causes the three axes to be scaled separately to make the clipping box appear a cube For example the default 3D graph s axes are scaled from 2 to 2 Consider the auto scale effects on a graph whose x axis is rescaled to 4 to 4 HiQ User Manual 6 10 National Instruments Corporation Chapter 6 The Graph Editor with auto scale selected 2 1 Z Axis 0 with auto scale not selected Clicking on Cancel dismisses the dialog box without applying any changes that you may have specified Apply sets your changes without dismissing the dialog box and OK applies changes a
141. nal Instruments Corporation 2 3 HiQ User Manual Getting Started Chapter 2 few pages or to use HiQ first and then come back to pick up a concept that wasn t as clear as it should be If you haven t installed HiQ on your hard disk do so now by following the procedures presented earlier in this chapter We will use the Data Fitting Problem Solver to fit a curve through eleven years of rainfall data modify the resulting graph build a script from the Problem Solver output and finally arrange the data on the Worksheet to explain the entire problem flow Your part is indicated by the numbered steps in bolded type Hq 1 Open the folder in which you stored HiQ Ce 2 Double click on the HiQ icon The first thing you will see is the standard file dialog box asking you to name your new Worksheet S HiQ 2 1 v Hg HiQ 2 1 C3 HiQ Sample Data Files C3 HiQ Sample Worksheets i HiQeConstants 68KMac lid HideConstants PowerMac Create new worksheet as 3 Navigate to the destination folder 4 Type the name of the Worksheet we ll use First Problem and 5 Click on Save File Edit Window Create Solvers Worksheet Ng JA M HiQ opens your Worksheet The window shows part of an 8 5 by 11 inch page which can be used to organize your data The amount of working surface can be increased by using the Worksheet Size command under the HiQ User Manual 2 4 National Instruments Corporation Chapter 2 Getting
142. nd dismisses the dialog box MODIFYING THE GRAPH VIEW The controls along the left side of the Graph Editor window allow a wide range of manipulation possibilities Clicking on the Selection tool allows you to select an individual plot Holding the shift key down while click k ing allows you to select multiple plots The Zoom tool is used to scale the graph while maintaining the current aspect ratio Zooming does not affect the size or style of any text labels or the placement of the graph title Changing the graph size is accomplished by dragging towards the top of the graph decreases graph size or towards the bottom of the graph increases size of graph National Instruments Corporation 6 11 HiQ User Manual The Graph Editor Chapter 6 With the previously defined graph in the window 1 click on the Zoom tool and 2 with the mouse near the center of the graph click and drag towards the title Notice the expanding box becoming smaller as you move the mouse and the percentage of full size value appearing in the lower left corner of the graph Graph2D1 a 054 Y Axis 0 0 Plot t 0 5 4 ae a 2 o 2 X Axis 408 The modified graph should be similar to this Graphs TestGraph Graph2D1 os Y Axis 0 0 0 5 width F To increase the size of the graph drag towards the bottom of the graph window HiQ User Manual 6 12 National Instruments Corporation Chap
143. nded view and drag First Problem Worksheet DataFit Year Rainfall 19 Expand the graph by lt option gt double clicking on its Symbol 20 Resize and move the graph as necessary to make the entire graph visible Remember that you can scroll the page First Problem Worksheet Rainfall Average Annual Rainfall Rainfall lt in 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 Year polyFitGraph0 With the graph selected National Instruments Corporation 2 17 HiQ User Manual Getting Started Chapter 2 lal 21 Select the Hide Name command from the Worksheet menu Our final task is to add a title at the top of the page 22 Select the Text tool and drag out a rectangle near the top of the Worksheet Don t worry about the exact size we ll change it later 23 You re already in insert mode so type Rainfall Analysis First Problem Worksheet 24 Choose Select All from the Edit menu 25 Change the font to something presentable like 14 point Times with the Font menu 26 Select Bold from the Style menu 27 Click outside the text Symbol 28 Place the text in an appropriate area at the top of the Worksheet You may have to change the size of the bounding box RERUNNING THE ANALYSIS There is one final consideration before we leave this problem what if this is preliminary data which is proba bly going to change As it stands to rerun th
144. ned project variable Click on the icon to the left of Find Symbol When the list of numeric symbols appears highlight the one you want and click on OK Select Project Variable A B radius theta velocity gt q Sm e Hold constant value type the constant value e Tterate value type the start and stop values and either the step value or the number of steps Click on the radio button next to your choice the other option is dimmed National Instruments Corporation 5 11 HiQ User Manual Problem Solvers Chapter 5 In this example we will go from 0 to 47 in 100 steps wep yey 6 OUTPUTS variable Definition Use numeric symbol project variable x D Find Symbol Hold constant value Iterate value fem o e In 100 steps o Click on the radio button to the left of the Iterate Values area Type the values as shown above note that 7 is available as the HiQ Script Language Constants lt pi gt Click on OK to return to the Expression Evaluator window Check the Graph button at the bottom of the Options area to ask for graphics output then click on the run button Graphics output is stored in a symbol named eval_graph To view the graph 1 2 select eval_graph in the Symbol List and click on Edit Evaluator output Y Axis 0 0 To view all the data points HiQ User Manual 5 12 National
145. ng HiQ on a 680x0 Macintosh the following dialog box appears during the installation pro cedure You are running on a 68040 machine This version of HiQ can be run on either a 680x0 or PowerPC machine or both Choose one of the following installation options for HiQ 68080 Runs on 680840 machines only Runs on PowerPC machines only Runs on both 680x0 and PowerPC machines HiQ User Manual 2 2 National Instruments Corporation Chapter 2 Getting Started You have three options to choose from e 680x0 This option installs HiQ as a native 680x0 Macintosh application This is the preferred option for 680x0 Macintosh machines PowerPC This option installs HiQ as a native Power Macintosh application Choose this option only if you have purchased a multiple user license for HiQ and your 680x0 Macintosh is a server machine for other Power Macintosh machines Do not choose this option if you plan to run HiQ from a 680x0 Macintosh machine Universal This option installs HiQ as a Fat Binary application that can run as a native application on either a 680x0 or Power Macintosh machine The Fat Binary includes code that is appropriate for both 680x0 and Power Macintosh machines This type of installation requires approximately twice as much disk space as the processor specific options but does not require any more memory to run Choose this option only if you have purchased a multiple user license for
146. nism since it carries the symbol with it includes safeguards to prevent overwriting a symbol of the same name Your choices include HiQ User Manual Press the Unique Name button if you want new names assigned to the symbols with conflicting names Replace symbols with conflicting names Unique Names Cancel Replace 3 28 Don t Replace National Instruments Corporation Chapter 3 The Worksheet e Unique Names the names of pasted symbols which conflict with existing symbols will be modified with _n where n is a unique integer e Replace symbols with conflicting names will overwrite the existing symbols e Don t Replace the paste is cancelled for those symbols without unique names If you are pasting just one symbol this selection is the same as Cancel if you are pasting multiple symbols those symbols with unique names will be pasted those without unique names will not e Cancel make no changes to the target Worksheet When you paste a Symbol on a second Worksheet it will appear at the same location on the page as it did in the source document If necessary the target Worksheet will be expanded to fit Bringing text and graphics into the HiQ Worksheet from other applications is a relatively easy process Mate rial is always pasted into an expanded Symbol view on the Worksheet The result is a symbol which may be reduced to icon view opened into its editor or manipulated within the Symbol
147. ns Plot Title Plot 1 O Hide Edges D Hide Backfaces Colors Lines PAST H 4 Be Di ok J The Hide Edges and Hide Backfaces options are not appropriate for 2D plots and are thus dimmed HiQ User Manual 6 18 National Instruments Corporation Chapter 6 The Graph Editor CURVE TRACKING a There may be a time when you wish to know the coordinates of a point on the plot To activate the Graph Edi av tor s curve tracking facility 1 selecta plot 2 click on the Trace tool 3 click anywhere on the plot and 4 drag left or right As you move the mouse the cursor s x coordinate and the plot s corresponding y coordinate are displayed at the bottom of the window Graphs TestGraph Graph2D1 Y Axis 0 0 PREFERENCES The preferences dialog box under the Graph menu affords you the opportunity to specify how the graph is to be drawn The popup menu offers three offscreen drawing choices e Automatic Depth HiQ does its best to render the graph as smoothly as possible and provides dithering for use with monochrome monitors This is the slowest rendering method you will see redraws occur as though a cur tain were being drawn from the top of the Graph Editor window to the bottom 8 Bit Pixel Depth The graph is drawn to an off screen bitmap and updates are significantly faster if the graph hasn t changed It also uses less memory than Automatic Depth Off This method r
148. ns of a matrix or vector select Get Info item from the Matrix menu Matrix ox _ Cenc The matrix type field is a popup menu which allows you to choose from Integer Real or Complex Increas ing dimensions will cause the matrix to be padded with zeroes Decreasing a dimension will cause loss of data Potential data loss will be met with a confirmation dialog box The left and topmost cells contain row and column labels or tags To edit these tags select the Edit Tags command under the Matrix menu When this menu item is selected as indicated by a check mark you may edit the tag cells to be any combination of alphanumeric characters Keyboard navigation methods do not work in the tag areas you must use the mouse to select tag cells You can still edit matrix elements when Edit Tags is active Cut Copy AND PASTE Cut copy and paste work as they do throughout the rest of HiQ with one notable exception To paste a multi cell selection you must select the target range to be the same size as the source range Let s copy cells 1 1 1 2 and 1 3 to another location starting at cell 3 3 1 Select the three source cells Project1 Matrixn3 2 Select Copy from the Edit menu HiQ User Manual 4 8 National Instruments Corporation Chapter 4 The Data Editor 3 Select the three target cells Project1 Matrix3
149. ntinues in the same direction until it reaches the current pointer location If the search string is not found you are informed by a beep Cancel dismisses the Find dialog box Find Again under the Utility menu searches for the current search string HiQ User Manual 8 4 National Instruments Corporation Chapter 8 The Script Editor An extension of the Find command Replace in the Utility menu finds a specified string and replaces it with another Find what string Replace with what string a O Search Backwards O Entire Word O Wrap Around Search Case Sensitive Replace Replace All Find Cancel The Replace command searches for the target string with the same methods used by the Find command Once the target string is found it is replaced by whatever is in the Replace with what string field even if that field is empty Search Backwards Wrap Around Search Entire Word and Case Sensitive options are explained in the Find section earlier in this chapter The four action buttons work as follows e Replace if the target string is found it is replaced by the replacement string If the target string is not found no action is taken and the pointer is left at the current location e Replace All all occurrences of the target string are replaced by the replacement string The search direction is forward toward the end of the script unless Search Backwards is selected The search ends at t
150. nu When the Open File dialog box appears 6 Navigate to the appropriate folder 7 Select your file 8 Click on Open To exit the program select Quit from the File menu You will be given the opportunity to save your work SYMBOLS In HiQ data entities are called symbols numeric data scalars vectors and matrices e text scripts and strings e graphs graphs and plots PICTs pictures in standard Macintosh PICT format Problem Solvers 7 Compiled scripts and User functions All these symbols are stored as part of the Worksheet They are accessible through the Symbol List and most symbols may be placed directly on the Worksheet page in an icon view or in an uneditable expanded view Every symbol has a dedicated editor used to modify the symbol s contents The Graph Editor edits plots and graphs the Data Editor handles scalars vectors and matrices and the Script Editor creates and modifies scripts There is a separate Text Editor for text Problem Solvers can be viewed as editors which organize input and output data for many of the most complex mathematical built in functions With certain exceptions any symbol may be created and modified as a variable in the HiQ Script language HiQ User Manual 3 2 National Instruments Corporation Chapter 3 The Worksheet The HiQ Script chapter explains the relationship between symbols and variables As you work through this chapter keep in mind that the Wo
151. o have the Problem Solver create a script for later use Clicking on the Save Script button causes HiQ to store the script generated by the Problem Solver in a symbol The normal version of the script contains only the minimum necessary HiQ Script code to describe the problem setup Checking the Verbose option inserts comments into the script It is not necessary to compute a numerical solution in order to generate a script from a Problem Solver For example if your Problem Solver successfully completes a lengthy execution and then you decide to generate a script you can deselect Execute select Save Script and rerun the Problem Solver The Problem Solver will generate a script without performing the mathematical analysis HiQ User Manual 5 4 National Instruments Corporation Chapter 5 Problem Solvers OUTPUTS The Outputs section contains icons representing the values computed by the Problem Solver The name appearing under the icon is a default moniker and may be changed as described in the inputs section just above To view an individual output symbol double click on its icon PRINTING To print the contents of the current Problem Solver window select Print from the File menu PROBLEM SOLVER ON LINE HELP Help is available for the problem solvers by selecting Help from the Apple menu elp Choices General Information Expression Evaluation Numerical Integration Optimization Data Fitting Polynomial Roots Gener
152. oefficie TineFitResidual0 ptions Estimation Type Line Fit Polynomial Fit General Fit Data Fit Plot Parameters F Smooth Curve of points 256 Use Input Data Local substitutions 9 Click on the run button 10 Double click on the lineFitCoefficients0 and lineFitResidual0 icons to view the coefficients and the sum squares of residuals of the resultant line Project lineFitCoeffici roject1 lineFitResidua E 3201 314545454545454 641 1432727272727218 o i Eq i E EE KA m n B EL 2 1 72473 EESC ial HiQ User Manual 5 54 National Instruments Corporation Chapter 5 Problem Solvers 11 From the Symbol List select lineFitGraph0 and click on Edit Line fit graph Y Axis T T T T 1 1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 X Axis To generate a script click on Save Script before running the Problem Solver local i project X Y lineFitCoefficients0 lineFitResidual0 lineFit X Y The script assumes you have previously set up X and Y in the Data Editor POLYNOMIAL FIT To compute a third degree polynomial fit i e c4 c gt x c x c4x using the same data p gree poly 1 C2 3 4 8 1 Click on Polynomial Fit in the Estimation Type group in the Options area 2 We ll fit a curve of degree 3 to the data so set m 3 in the Polynomial Degree box in the Inputs area Remember that the xVector yVector and weights vector must be of the same dimension 3
153. ols in the list area By using the checkboxes in the Show Types group you can control the contents of the Symbol List As you begin to use HiQ the Symbol List will become extensive and you will make use of the check boxes to filter out those symbols of less interest To easily get to one end of the spectrum or the other click on All or None The Show Other group provides a means of further filtering the choices you have made in the Show Types group If for example you have checked Scalar and Vector and choose Script Results only those scalars and vectors modified since the start of the most recent script execution would be listed Deselecting clicking on the checkbox a second time Script Results returns the list to its previous state of including all scalars and vec tors in the Worksheet Script Results includes only symbols modified since the start of the most recent script execution s Invalid Script Variable Names includes symbols with names that may not be used in HiQ Scripts See Vari able Names in the HiQ Script chapter e Name contains includes symbols whose name contains the specified string To edit the search string click on Name Contains To create a new symbol click on the New button The Create Symbol dialog box will be presented as below Project1 Create Symbol Name HiOScripti Symbol Type Hi0 Script String Graph 2D Graph 3D Problem Solver Scalar Row Vecto
154. olver project ivpEqns0O initVector0 ivpMatrix0 local start finish stepSize relError absError start 0 finish 1 stepSize 1 relError 1 e 11 absError 1l e 9 Function ivpEqns1 t x arg_a 1 0 dxdt 1 3 x 1 2 x 2 dxdt 2 4 x 1 x 2 return dxdt end function ivpMatrix0 ivpVector0 finalAbserr0 OdelvpRKF ivp initVector0o Egqns0 start stepSize relError Chapter 5 finish abs Error You can set up the initial conditions in the Data Editor or you can add the following line above the call HiQ User Manual 5 36 National Instruments Corporation Chapter 5 Problem Solvers to the OdeIlvpRKF function init_cond 0 1 There is a mathematical transformation that is very useful when working with the ODE IVP Problem Solver The Problem Solver requires you to enter a coupled system of first order differential equations This means that each equation may include references to the other unknown functions coupled but that it may only contain the first derivative of any one of them first order It is often the case that a differ ential equation will contain higher order second third etc derivatives The transformation described here converts a single n order differential equation into a system of n first order differential equations This system can then be used in the ODE IVP Problem Solver The transformation is best described
155. on Integttul tiple The Hid Script for calculating this double integral using the Integration Inputs Change both height and width from upper right corner The text wraps to the width of the open symbol The Hid Script for calculating this double integral using the Hid built in function IntegMultiple Change width Integration Inputs Drag entire symbol to another location The Hid Script for calculating this double integral using the Hid built in function IntegMultiple While editing text two new choices appear in the menu bar Font and Style Other Worksheet menus are also active To exit the input mode and save your data National Instruments Corporation 3 17 HiQ User Manual The Worksheet Chapter 3 4 Click anywhere on the Worksheet including on another Symbol If you click in another window while in edit mode then return to the text you will still be in edit mode To edit existing text select the Text tool from the Tool palette and click on the text Symbol As soon as the Symbol is selected you may edit it in the standard Macintosh manner Should you wish to edit the text in a separate window double click on the Symbol just as you would with any other symbol type see the Text Editor chapter Although by default there is neither a border nor a name visible 5 To add a border be sure you re not in edit mode then select the Sym
156. on which activates a dithering algorithm has no effect on the displayed graph You cannot display a black and white version of the graph because you are working with a color grayscale monitor If you are displaying graphs on a black and white monitor you should set your default graphics editor prefer ence to Automatic Depth Dithering is necessary to get acceptable looking graphs on a black and white monitor When printing graphs the black amp white print option provides acceptable draft quality printouts HiQ User Manual 6 36 National Instruments Corporation Chapter 6 The Graph Editor matching the graph displayed on your screen At a cost in printing time the color grayscale option produces better looking output You cannot preview the printed grayscale graph because you are working with a black and white monitor HiQ Script ACCESS TO THE GRAPH EDITOR Most of the Graph Editor s functionality is available through HiQ Script built in functions The remainder of this chapter takes you through building 2 and 3 dimensional plots with HiQ Script functions Before using the Graph Editor functions you ll need to be familiar with basic concepts of the HiQ Script language and its editor so spend some time with the next two chapters then return In this section we will build a 2 dimensional graph consisting of two plots and a 3 dimensional surface plot of a data set A 2D GrapuH Wira HiQ Script To create a graph in HiQ Script
157. on of the unifying element of HiQ which is used to organize and display data e The Data Editor A description of the spreadsheet like interface to matrices vectors and scalar values e Problem Solvers An introduction to the ten graphical interfaces that call upon many of HiQ s most complex built in functions e The Graph Editor A description of HiQ s ability to graphically portray both functions and tabular data in two dimensional 2D and three dimensional 3D graphs The HiQ Script Language How to write scripts to automate many of HiQ s functions e The Script Editor A description of HiQ s integrated script editor e The Text Editor A description of HiQ s text editor e Import Export An explanation of how to move data between HiQ and other applications WHERE TO Go FROM HERE If you are a very experienced Macintosh user have previously used a variety of analysis packages and have some experience as a programmer turn to the Quick Start section of Chapter 2 Installation is easy and once you have seen some examples of the Worksheet Problem Solvers and the HiQ Script language you should be ready to begin with little further assistance If you have used the Macintosh a little and are somewhat familiar with engineering analysis software you may wish to read through all of the Worksheet chapter Chapter 3 to get the flavor of how HiQ organizes and manipulates data When you feel comfortable with the way things wor
158. oop with one invocation of exit For example the following script fragment contains three nested for loops with an exit which breaks to the outer for loop for i 1 to 100 step 2 do for j 1 to 10 do for k 1 to 20 do theta j k r 200 if theta gt 0 5 then exit 2 fors end if end for end for end for You may break out of all of one type of block with exit all fors or exit all repeats You may escape from any kind of block with exit 2 blocks or exit all blocks HiQ User Manual 7 16 National Instruments Corporation Chapter 7 The HiQ Script Language STRINGS String variables may be set to any combination of ASCII characters up to 255 characters in length For example string HiQ sets the variable st ring to the value HiQ Strings may be concatenated added together stringl Numerical string2 Analysis string3 stringl string2 string3 would be set to NumericalAnalysis If you want a space between the words you must explicitly place it there string3 stringl string2 You can compare strings using the standard ASCII sequence and the HiQ Script comparison operators see Operators earlier in this chapter stringl abc string2 def string3 ABC In a comparison st ring2 would be greater than st ring1 because d is greater than a Because of the ASCII coding st ring1 would be greater than st ring3 You can access substrings
159. ot moves about on imaginary latitude and longi tude lines When the dot is solid lighting is on the near side of the globe when the dot is hollow the lighting is on the hidden side of the globe With some experimentation you should be able to move the dot to any position on the globe The dot represents where the light will be coming from assuming the graph is in the center of the globe When you have moved the dot to a new location release the mouse button to see the new lighting scheme With Lighting turned on you also have the option of rendering the graph as a transparent surface With the graph selected select Transparency from the Graph menu along with the degree of transparency from 0 to 100 PERSPECTIVE To turn on perspective 1 select Perspective from the Graph menu Once perspective is activated you may modify the focus point by using the Focus tool 2 Click on the Focus tool then 3 click near the center of the graph and drag up and to the right A 3D outline will indicate the future perspective of the graph Graphs Graph3D3 Graph3D3 HiQ User Manual 6 30 National Instruments Corporation Chapter 6 The Graph Editor 4 Release the mouse button to reveal Graphs Graph3D3 Graph3D3 2 Axis 0 0 This new view of the graph may be modified with all the previously described controls CONTOUR To display a plot as a ser
160. otation 3 16 to 3 18 transparency in graphs 6 30 U undo 3 29 Vv variable names 7 3 W Worksheet annotations 3 15 to 3 21 multiple pages 3 11 to 3 12 visible page boundaries 3 12 HiQ User Manual
161. ou initialize an array within a for loop HiQ automatically dimensions the array With auto matic dimensioning HiQ reallocates the array as each new element is added slowing processing speed by as much as 20 percent Instead of relying on automatic dimensioning you can set the dimensions of your array with the following statements symbolSetRows a n symbolSetCols a n where a is the name of your matrix and n is the number of rows or columns in your array See the Utility Functions chapter of the HiQ Reference Manual for further information on these functions Subvector and submatrix access is provided through use of the colon and asterisk where the colon is used to describe a range and the asterisk means all to the end or from the beginning depending on usage Consider the 5 x 5 matrix a 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 da 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 2 22 323 24 25 To refer to a submatrix consisting of the first two rows and columns of a use alhe2 Li21 The result is 1 2 6 7 HiQ User Manual 7 10 National Instruments Corporation Chapter 7 The HiQ Script Language A submatrix consisting of the last three rows and columns of a could be defined using the asterisk as follows alae Se The resulting matrix is 13 14 15 18 19 20 23 24 25 In general matrix and vector indices may be expressions thus alexpr expr expr expr If an expression evaluates to a real number the result is trun
162. ouble clicking on the Magnify tool will recenter the graph and reset it to its original size The remaining graph view controls are not appropriate to 2D graphs and will be discussed when we move to the third dimension later in this chapter Remember that you can reset the graph to its default view by selecting Default View in the Graph menu LINES MARKERS AND COLOR In this section we ll see how to change a plot s markers line type and color and other features Previous examples have used a plot which was rendered with 100 points for smoothness now we ll create the same plot but with only 20 points thus providing a better view of the underlying structure To follow along on your own graph 1 open the TestGraph symbol into the Graph Editor select Plot1 using the Selection tool select Change Plot from the Plot menu enter 20 in the Steps field click on OK wp wh Graphs TestGraph Graph2D1 Y Axis 0 0 V f T 2 o X Axis PLOT RENDERING The plot may be drawn in one of three modes Curve line segments between points no markers at individual data points default e Point markers drawn at data points without connecting line segments and id Segment markers and line segments To experiment with these options HiQ User Manual 6 16 National Instruments Corporation Chapter 6 The Graph Editor 1 click on the Selection tool 2 click on the plot to sel
163. point numbers Scalar a single numerical value Dimension Vector an array of numerical values row or column Types Matrix a 2D array of numerical values There is no intrinsic logical type The logical type is implemented by representing false as an integer zero and true as any non zero integer In addition the keywords true and false evaluate to and 0 All the remaining types are non numeric HiQ User Manual 7 2 National Instruments Corporation Chapter 7 The HiQ Script Language Type Description String a string of any length This is a string Plot graphical representation of a single function or data set Graph graphical representation of a collection of plots Script an executable script Movie a stored sequence of graphs PICT a picture stored in standard PICT format The types associated with plots and graphs allow you to manipulate graphs and their forms You ll learn how to do this in the Graph Editor chapter AUTOMATIC TYPING Unless you explicitly lock a variable s type the variable will take on the type of the data assigned to it Thus the statement i 3 will set the symbol i to be an integer variable with value 3 If you later set i to 3 1 its type will be changed to real Automatic data typing is applicable only within numeric data types If you attempt to assign the value 25 to the variable p which had previously been defined as a plot you ll generate an e
164. quirements for HiQ and how to install HiQ on your computer For those who don t like to read manu als we present a Quick Start section to get you started without having to read the rest of this manual SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS This version of HiQ runs as a native application on both Power Macintosh and 680x0 Macintosh computers HiQ will run on any Power Macintosh computer For 680x0 Macintosh computers you must have a 68020 or newer processor and a floating point coprocessor 68040 processors have a built in coprocessor and can run HiQ however the 68LC040 processor has the built in coprocessor disabled and cannot run HiQ You also need at least 5 MB of RAM on your computer 8 MB recommended HiQ also requires Macintosh System 7 or newer The relevant system requirements for HiQ are summarized as follows e Power Macintosh or 680x0 Macintosh with floating point coprocessor e At least 5 MB of RAM e System 7 or newer INSTALLATION PROCEDURE All HiQ files are compressed in a self extracting archive To install HiQ 2 1 on your hard disk perform the following steps 1 Insert the HiQ 2 1 Program Disk 1 into your disk drive 2 Double click on the HiQ 2 1 Program Installer icon and follow the instructions on the screen HiQ 2 1 Program Installer National Instruments Corporation 2 1 HiQ User Manual Getting Started Chapter 2 INSTALLING ON A POWER MACINTOSH If you are installing HiQ on a Power Macintosh the following dialo
165. r Column Vector Matrix Create amp Edit Click on the item you wish to create and type a name Legal symbol names start with an alphabetic character National Instruments Corporation 3 23 HiQ User Manual The Worksheet Chapter 3 and may otherwise consist of any combination of the characters a z A Z 0 9 and the underline character _ If you use an illegal name for example one including a space you will be alerted by a dialog box Illegal symbol names may be viewed in the Symbol List by checking Invalid Script Variable Names You have the choice of simply creating the symbol or immediately launching the editor to initialize the data item In either case if you duplicate an existing symbol name you will be warned about the duplication Click on the dialog box s OK button and provide a different name The Create Symbol window will contain options appropriate to the symbol type selected for example if you were to create a matrix you would wish to specify data type integer real or complex and matrix dimen sions Projecti Create Symbol Symbol Type Numeric Type Hi0 Script Integer String Real Graph 2D Complex Graph 3D Problem Solver e Scalar Row Vector Columns O Column vector Matrix Create amp Edit You may use the up and down arrow keys to move the selection up and down in the left column Option up and down arro
166. r input change the name to match that of the existing symbol Tabbing from field to field in addition to clicking in the field you wish to deal with you may also press the tab key to move from one field to another INPUTS The type of input will be indicated by an appropriate graphical construct for example if more than one equa tion is expected each equation will be separated from the others by a dashed line If an equation rather than an expression is necessary an 0 will be presented Text will wrap within the expression view and input areas which will expand as necessary to encompass all your data The zoom box is available to expand the window to full screen size In cases where multiple items may be input there will be an edit field where you may specify the desired quantity OPTIONS The options area includes those items appropriate for the current Problem Solver In the Problem Solvers that support multiple algorithms input parameters such as tolerances and number of iterations will tend to vary with the algorithm selected In addition to options relating to the problem s mathematical solution this section allows you to control how the Problem Solver behaves during execution Where appropriate you may have the Solver automatically create a graph of the results by selecting the Graph checkbox If this button is dimmed this option is not available Rather than obtaining the result in numerical form you may choose t
167. raries and formatting input and output data HiQ Script is a complete scientific programming language that eliminates the need for you to format input and output data dimensionalize variables or construct any special data structures for tracking information Further by using the Problem Solvers many of HiQ s most powerful mathematical routines can be incorpo rated into your script by example Functions amp Tables Function Type Table Built in functions w Function Animation Functions bkSv Back Substitution Soin nia Basic Matrix Functions colDim Column Dimension Business Functions cond L1 Matrix Condition Data Fitting Functions cond2 L2 Matrix Condition Derivative Formula Functions condF Frobenius Matrix Conditio Eigenvalue Functions cond Tm Intro PolyRoots1 Fourier Analysis Functions copy Geometric Functions det I oer F 1 7 Graphical Functions diag an t ib XM aj ib yx agt ibp olor 7 i i k ot polynomial terms HiQ Script Prototype u bkS LUD pivot b ector HiQ User Manual ptions Initial estimate Lo Graph K Execute J Save script ve function yf HIQ Polur if a HiQ Serip O Verbose else fe else if xie P ject iable declarati while A roject variable declarations exit while project compRtO
168. re is good programming practice To let the Script Editor take care of that chore select Auto Indent from the Utility menu There are two varieties of auto matic indentation with and without language awareness Selecting Language Indent forces block structures to be indented properly With Language Indent turned off the current line will be indented at the same level as the preceding line In either case you may manually modify the indentation Consider the example of typing three lines of script with Auto Indent turned on With Language Indent for i l to 5 do A i 1 2 Auto indent end for end for matches for Without Language Indent for i l to 5 do A i i 2 Manual indent end for Automatically matches previous line With the Indentation command under the Utility menu you can control the entire indentation process mfutomatic Indentation Language Sensitive Auto Indent New Lines O off ok Cancel Re Indent The Automatic Indentation choices provide the same functionality described above Language Sensitive preserves block structure e Auto Indent New Lines indents current line the same as previous line and Off no automatic indentation HiQ User Manual 8 6 National Instruments Corporation Chapter 8 The Script Editor Clicking on Re Indent applies your current choices to the entire script otherwise changes made in this dialog box apply only to subsequent l
169. rectangle It is independent of the size of the Text Editor window will wrap to the size of the bounding rectangle It is independent of the size of the Text Editor window Stringi String To print the contents of the Text Editor select Print from the File menu National Instruments Corporation 9 3 HiQ User Manual CHAPTER 10 IMPORT EXPORT As you go about your analysis tasks you will probably need to move data between HiQ and other applica tions HiQ supports cut copy and paste functions to and from other Macintosh programs and for small amounts of data that approach may suffice But for larger data sets you will find that transferring by file is a much faster process IMPORTING A FILE To import a file into HiQ select Import Symbol from the File menu SS Projecti Import Symbol ile Input pow F ile infe i Type i reeten Created ptions Import Symbol Name Import Symbol Type Script v Numeric Type Real v Import Method Text v 1 Click on Select File You will be presented with the standard file input dialog box National Instruments Corporation 10 1 HiQ User Manual Import Export Chapter 10 2 Navigate to the proper folder and select the data file you wish to import by double clicking on the file name or clicking on the Open button Projecti Import Symbol File Name File Info Type TEXT Size 18 bytes Creator TEXT Created Fri Mar 18 1994 11 45 A
170. rget file with a carriage return at the end of each line e Tabbed Text numeric data a tab is placed after each element of a row and a carriage return at the end of the row In the case of a scalar or column vector each element is followed by a carriage return d Comma Text numeric data a comma is placed after each element of a row and a carriage return at the end of the row In the case of a scalar or column vector each element is followed by a carriage return s Space Text numeric data a space character is placed after each element of a row and a carriage return at the end of the row In the case of a scalar or column vector each element is followed by a carriage return Macintosh PICT standard PICT format HiQ Notebook Doc any data a HiQ file is created and the selected symbol s written to it This is the equiv alent of your creating a new Worksheet and using Copy and Paste to duplicate symbols onto the new Worksheet 4 Click on the execute button The standard file dialog box appears allowing you to name and place the file The export facility operates on just one file at a time unless the target file is a HiQ Worksheet To move more than one file to another Worksheet select the files from the Worksheet or Symbol List then select Export File from the File menu PREFERENCES You have control over the following import and export attributes Decimal places default is 18 and e default numeric export
171. ric values graphs Problem Solvers compiled scripts and textual annotations you can organize your data and problem solutions By expanding selected items to display their contents on the worksheet page you can e prepare a thorough record of your analysis for yourself and others e develop an analysis road map for others to use e create an interactive solution to use repeatedly and e create a detailed report for publication in electronic and hard copy forms LAUNCHING AND QuiTTING HIQ To launch HiQ select its icon then choose Open from the File menu As a shortcut you may simply dou a ble click on the HiQ icon If you wish to launch directly into a previously created Worksheet double click on the icon of the Worksheet National Instruments Corporation 3 1 HiQ User Manual The Worksheet Chapter 3 Starting HiQ without specifying a document Worksheet will bring up the standard file save dialog box ask ing you to name your new Worksheet SHO 2 1 v amp Hard Disk Eg Hin 2 1 Eject COHiO Sample Data Files OHIO Sample Worksheets Desktop fia HiQeConstants 68KMac lial HideConstants PowerMac Create new worksheet as 1 Navigate to the destination folder in this case First Project 2 Type the name of the Worksheet We ll use Project1 in the examples in this chapter 3 Click on Save If you wish to open a previously saved Worksheet 4 Click on Cancel 5 Select Open from the File me
172. ript has been designed to help the engineering and science professional automate complex and repeti tive analysis tasks Although previous experience with high order languages is useful it is not necessary HiQ Script draws from the most useful features of FORTRAN Pascal and C and adds access to the depths of the HiQ compute engine to present a language system that is powerful and flexible yet intuitive Numeric Problem HiQ Script Built In Functions To this point you have dealt with aspects of the graphical user interface in HiQ In fact when you typed an expression in the Expression Evaluator Problem Solver or a set of equations into the ODE Problem Solver you were preparing parts of a script in HiQ Whenever you select the Save Script option at the bottom of a Problem Solver window the text fields you type and buttons you select are preserved in HiQ Script language SCRIPT EDITOR If you elect to follow along by typing in the example script fragments or looking at sample scripts you may wish to skip ahead to the next chapter The Script Editor If you d rather go off on your own keep in mind the following basics e To start the editor place a script Symbol on the Worksheet and double click on it To exit the editor click on the editor window s close box Standard Macintosh text editing features are present including cut copy and paste from the Edit menu In general follow your Mac intuition and you ll be OK
173. rksheet is HiQ s focal point where you organize manipulate and present the symbols which form the solution to your problem WORKSHEET BASICS The HiQ Worksheet is a standard Macintosh document file easily identifiable by its desktop icon i ia You can open up to eight Worksheets concurrently in one HiQ session The Window menu lists all open win dows sorted by Worksheet name TOOL PALETTE When you first start HiQ you will be presented with an empty document window called the Worksheet Off to the left is a floating Tool palette used to create symbols and manipulate them on the Worksheet The Tool palette floats over the Worksheet window You can move it as you would any other window by drag ging the drag bar at the top To remove the Tool palette click on the close box at the left end of the drag bar The Show Palette command in the Worksheet menu resurrects a dismissed palette The Tool palette is always active something happens whenever you click in it You don t have to click once to get the window s attention then click again to perform some action To activate a tool click on it once then click anywhere on the Worksheet to place a new Symbol After plac ing a Symbol on the Worksheet the default selection tool will be activated To create more than one Symbol double click on the appropriate tool to lock it you will then have to select another tool by clicking on it The active tool is highlighted For example wh
174. rough e basic text entry and editing e using the Insert palette to enter block constructs e using the cross reference listing e error recovery and e script execution We ll name the script SampleScript and the five by five matrix A If either of these symbol names conflicts with something already existing in your list of symbols you can either change these names or delete the exist ing symbols Assuming that the way is clear 1 Click on the Script tool in the tool palette 2 Click somewhere on the Worksheet Projecti Worksheet S HiQScripti 3 With the script Symbol highlighted press Return to select the symbol s name 4 Type SampleScript without quotes 5 Double click on the resulting script Symbol National Instruments Corporation 8 9 HiQ User Manual The Script Editor Chapter 8 6 When the empty Script Editor window appears type the first line of the script then 7 click on for in the Insert palette to the left roject1 SampleScrip project A function if for iVar iFirstValue to 2LastValue step 3Value do else end for else if exit if while exit while next while repeat repeat forever exit repeat next repeat for exit for 8 Replace 1Var with i 1FirstValue with 1 2LastValue with 5 and delete step and step 3Value 9 Click in the blank line inside the for loop to set up the inner loop A tab has been inserted at
175. rror VARIABLE NAMES Variable names start with an alphabetic character and may otherwise consist of any combination of the char acters a z A Z 0 9 and the underline character _ Spaces are not allowed When working inside the Script Editor these rules are enforced by the syntax checking mechanism but since a symbol created at the Worksheet level is by definition available to a script as a project variable See the next section Scope of Variables you must mind the legal definition of a variable when naming HiQ sym bols For example if you named an imported matrix Measurement Data two words you would see a warn ing that the matrix could not be used in a script Naming the matrix Measurement_Data one word would satisfy HiQ Script and still incorporate a descriptive title Variable names are case sensitive so myVariable and MyVariable are unique National Instruments Corporation 7 3 HiQ User Manual The HiQ Script Language Chapter 7 SCOPE OF VARIABLES Variables in HiQ Script are either project in scope or local A project variable can be visible to user defined functions and other scripts and is by definition a HiQ symbol which will be listed in the Symbol List A local variable exists only within the context in which it is defined When its function finishes executing it is deleted In HiQ Script there are only two levels of user scripting external scripts and callable functions A script symbol may b
176. serrO ivp ectorO Tolerance Independent Yariable t start Relative Error o tat finish Absolute Error ia 1 e 9 P 0 1 Graph Options Local substitutions 11 Click on the run button the right facing arrow between the input and output areas OUTPUT HiQ places the results in the Outputs area In this case the output is a matrix ivpMatrix0 containing the time history of x 1 and x 2 and the corresponding vector ivpVector0 which contains the 11 equally spaced times between 0 and 1 HiQ User Manual 5 34 National Instruments Corporation Chapter 5 Problem Solvers Project1 ivpMatrix0 a Project1 ivpUector0 gt ee at eae 1 2 029 1 o3 E EEE 1 24696 s 2 23958 2 9099 6 _ 3 85865 4 40519 e f o raes o eos 18 4909 o _29 8702 30 2760 C 49 3484 49 7163 0 If the Graph checkbox was marked when you ran this Problem Solver you will have generated a graph of the solution Notice that you can control which solutions are plotted by using the Graph Options windows Tolerance Independent Variable t 4 start Relative Error o EEU re ie Absolute Error 7 1 1 e 9 SSP A Local substitution National Instruments Corporation 5 35 HiQ User Manual Problem Solvers To view the graph 12 from the Symbol List double click on the graph s name ivpGraph0 for example ODE I P Output Y Axis To generate a script click on Save Script before running the Problem S
177. such as Matrix1 and opens it for editing Although the new symbol will be in the database it will not immediately appear on the Worksheet See the Symbol List section later in this chapter to learn how to place Symbols on the Worksheet The Create Symbol item in this menu brings up a separate dialog box from which you have more control over the Symbol creation process The Create Symbol dialog box is also explained in the Symbol List section HiQ User Manual 3 4 National Instruments Corporation Chapter 3 The Worksheet THE SOLVERS MENU The Problem Solvers and the Script Editor are listed in the Solvers menu Worksheet HiQ Script Editor Expression Evaluation Numerical Integration Optimization Data Fitting Polynomial Roots General Roots Nonlinear Systems Integral Equations ODE Initial Value ODE Boundary Value SYMBOLS AND THE WORKSHEET To help you visualize how you can use the Worksheet to organize and manipulate your data and problem solu tions we will create a simple problem flow which includes an input vector a HiQ Script to process the data and an output vector You will read about the Data Editor and Script Editor briefly in this section For more detail see those chap ters later in this manual To begin we will create an integer vector named A anieoeny g 1 Click on the column vector tool INTEGER National Instruments Corporation 3 5 HiQ User Manual The
178. t unary right to left A k left to right left to right binary left to right lt lt gt gt lt gt and left to right or left to right STATEMENTS Statements in HiQ Script may take a variety of forms but each must be terminated by a semicolon The range of possibilities includes e Assignment statement If statement Iteration statement HiQ User Manual 7 8 National Instruments Corporation Chapter 7 The HiQ Script Language Select statement e Block Escape statement Function call statement Each of these statements will be further explained in sections further ahead in this chapter The HiQ Script language is a compiled language not an expression evaluator thus it will not handle a standa lone expression A line such as x y 3 cannot be evaluated as it stands anywhere but in the Expression Evaluator one of the Problem Solvers In a script you must assign the expression to a variable a x y 3 assuming that x and y have previously been assigned values All statements require termination by a semicolon This is true for simple assignment statements such asa 3 as well as complex statements suchasif then end if As the HiQ Script explanation unfolds pay particular attention to how the semicolon is used in block con structs such as if and repeat The semicolon only appears at the end of the construct although any state ments contained within the block are terminate
179. t 7 6 You can make the change and rerun the analysis as follows 15 Double click on the Rainfall symbol to open it for editing 16 Click on 7 6 in row 7 17 Click to the left of the 7 in the edit area at the top 18 Type 1 and press return 19 Close the window saving the data 20 Double click on the DoRainfall Symbol The graph will be redrawn in place on the Worksheet PRINTING To print the Worksheet 1 Select Print from the File menu HiQ User Manual 2 20 National Instruments Corporation Chapter 2 Getting Started SUMMARY In this simple rainfall analysis you have seen e the Worksheet and its Tool palette e icon and expanded views of symbols on the Worksheet page e Problem Solvers the Data Editor the Graph Editor the Symbol List Worksheet annotation and e compiled scripts on the Worksheet page This example barely scratches the surface of HiQ s power and flexibility The remainder of this manual covers the Worksheet symbol editors and the HiQ Script language The Reference Manual covers the wide range of mathematical and utility built in functions National Instruments Corporation 2 21 HiQ User Manual CHAPTER 3 THE WORKSHEET The Worksheet provides a graphical and intuitive means of managing the wide range of HiQ s functionality Numeric Problem HiQ Script Built In Functions You ll start with a blank worksheet page By adding icons representing nume
180. t National Instruments must be brought within one year after the cause of action accrues National Instruments shall not be liable for any delay in performance due to causes beyond its reasonable control The warranty provided herein does not cover damages defects malfunctions or service failures caused by owner s failure to follow the National Instruments installation operation or maintenance instructions owner s modification of the product owner s abuse misuse or negligent acts and power failure or surges fire flood accident actions of third parties or other events outside reasonable control Copyright Under the copyright laws this publication may not be reproduced or transmitted in any form electronic or mechanical including photocopying recording storing in an information retrieval system or translating in whole or in part without the prior written consent of National Instruments Corporation Trademarks HiQ is a trademark of National Instruments Corporation Product and company names listed are trademarks or trade names of their respective companies Warning Regarding Medical and Clinical Use of National Instruments Products National Instruments products are not designed with components and testing intended to ensure a level of reli ability suitable for use in treatment and diagnosis of humans Applications of National Instruments products involving medical or clinical treatment can create a potential for acci
181. ter 6 The Graph Editor To return the graph to its original size select Fit to Window from the Graph menu You can also double click on the zoom tool to execute the Fit to Window command To decrease the height of the graph 1 click on the Scale tool and The graph s aspect ratio may be modified both vertically and horizontally with the Scale tool 2 click and drag vertically towards the top of the graph As with the Zoom tool you will see a expanding box indicating the size of the modified graph Graph2D1 os 4 Y Axis 0 0 o54 Fist t The result looks like this Graphs TestGraph Graph2D1 os Y Axis 0 0 National Instruments Corporation 6 13 HiQ User Manual The Graph Editor Chapter 6 To expand or contract the graph horizontally drag the mouse to the left graph becomes wider or right graph becomes narrower Both horizontal and vertical dimensions may be adjusted simultaneously by dragging the mouse diagonally Double clicking on the Scale tool executes a Fit to Window command The Move tool allows you to reposition the graph in the window Annotations directly associated with the le graph axis labels and values plot label move along with it but others including the graph title stay put To move the graph assuming for this example that you might have previously decreased its size 1 click on the Move tool 2 click and drag the mouse
182. the foregoing example so that function myfunc has a local scope It should be clear after perusing the Worksheet chapter with its icons and tools that scripts are symbols Func tions too become symbols Compiling a script named aScript in which are defined two functions f and 6699 g would result in three new symbols in the Symbol List A function isn t like other symbols in that you can t edit it directly you have to edit the script in which it is defined and you can t place a function on the Worksheet However functions are stored separately in the Worksheet and are available to other symbols including scripts Problem Solvers and built in functions For example you could use the Expression Evaluator Problem Solver to evaluate your function over a range of input values LANGUAGE CONSTANTS It s often handy to have numeric or other constants at your fingertips without having to explicitly define them before every use Language constants are stored in an editable text file named HiQ Constants PowerMac on a Power Macintosh or HiQeConstants 68kMac on a 680x0 Macintosh You can access this file from within HiQ by importing it into the Script Editor see the Import Export chap ter If you wish to modify the file to add your own constants do so as described below then export the file to the same name as text Each constant is defined by a name enclosed in angle brackets the constant s type and its value
183. the movie one frame at a time To see how the recording process works let s follow through a short recording session with a two dimen sional graph 1 Create a new graph and add the plot sin x cos 2 x from z to 7 National Instruments Corporation 6 33 HiQ User Manual The Graph Editor Chapter 6 2 Select New Movie from the Animation menu New Movie Type Bit Map B amp W Pix Map 256 Colors PICT A Snapshot Offscreen A Dithered O Always Spool The movie is stored in a symbol which is named using the contents of the Title field Type is partially under your control and partially a function of the type of equipment you are using Bit Map B amp W can be chosen from any monitor Once the movie is recorded in this mode all color informa tion will be lost Bit map movies take up the least amount of storage and are the fastest of the three to replay Pix Map 256 colors color information will be captured Pix Map movies tend to consume large amounts of storage but are relatively fast to replay Playing a color movie on a black and white monitor may result in unexpected results unless the Dithered option is set see below PICT movie data is stored in standard PICT format PICT movies store complete color information use a medium amount of storage and are slow to replay The other options are Snapshot Offscreen movies are recorded in one of two places either directly from the scre
184. ther editors you have a choice of three methods to create a symbol and load it into the Graph Editor e place a graph Symbol on the Worksheet then double click on it click on New in the Symbol List to bring up the Create Symbol dialog box or s select the Create Symbol command from the File menu to bring up the Create Symbol dialog box You can have multiple Graph Editor windows open simultaneously and closing the Graph Editor window exits the editor National Instruments Corporation 6 1 HiQ User Manual The Graph Editor Chapter 6 GRAPH EDITOR SYMBOLS The Graph Editor operates on graph symbols A graph encompasses axes and their labels the graph s title rendering attributes such as orientation size and lighting and one or more plots A graph symbol stores all the information necessary to build a graph including all plots associated with it In HiQ there is an entity called a plot symbol which holds only the data necessary to render a plot on a graph hence a plot symbol can only be viewed when used in the context of a graph Though you will not use plot symbols directly in the Graph Editor the last two sections in this chapter explain how to use HiQ Script to build a plot which is added to a graph A graph constructed in HiQ Script may subsequently be loaded into the Graph Editor for viewing and editing Conversely a graph constructed in the Graph Editor may be modi fied within a script PREPARING A New 2D GRAPH To
185. ther it be Save Worksheet while in the Work sheet or Save Symbol while in an editor data is saved to disk Once you have saved a symbol to disk all existing states are the same It is often convenient to recover the original data after making some modifications whether by execution of a script or typing changes from within an editor From within the Worksheet you can choose Revert Worksheet from the File menu This command makes the Worksheet and all symbols stored in it reflect data saved on disk All changes made since the last Save will be lost National Instruments Corporation 3 29 HiQ User Manual The Worksheet Chapter 3 From within an editor you can choose Revert Symbol to return the symbol to its state when last saved Revert Symbol does automatically what you can do manually by closing the editor s window declining to save changes then reopening the symbol for editing MEMORY MANAGEMENT Though HiQ requires that a symbol must completely fit in your computer s main memory the total size of a Worksheet file is limited only by the size of your hard disk The program loads into main memory only those symbols which are necessary and writes out to disk unused symbols if there is a need for more memory This activity is independent of the Worksheet file being involved exclusively with a HiQ managed temporary swap file Because the swap file may become as large as the current Worksheet file you will have to be sure that there is
186. thin the function in which it was defined and const 1 is visible not only in statements within this script but also in the context external to testFunction and in other scripts in which const 1 is declared a project variable constl 26 89 Project variable by default a testFunction x y z Project variable by default HiQ User Manual 7 4 National Instruments Corporation Chapter 7 The HiQ Script Language function testFunction a b c project constl Project variable explicitly set Takes the value 26 89 from the external script const 3 1245 Local variable by default z const a b c constl return z end function You may declare a variable the first time it is used rather than on a special line at the top of the script local a b M project x a In fact the declaration is effective no matter where it appears in the script For readability we advise declaring variables prior to referencing them but doing so is not required Multiple declarations are not legal so if the following appeared in your script project a local a the second declaration of a would be flagged as an error A script may however define multiple functions each of which may declare a local variable a A local definition of a variable within a function does not conflict with a local definition of the same variable name in a calling script or in another function even if they are compiled together
187. those appearing in the function definition x y and z An aerospace engineer calculating aerodynamic loads on an expendable booster during atmospheric flight will need to find dynamic pressure Q which is defined as Q 5pv2 where p is local atmospheric density and v is the booster s relative velocity The function definition would look like function dynpress ro v q ro v 2 2 return q end function HiQ User Manual 7 20 National Instruments Corporation Chapter 7 The HiQ Script Language In an example as simple as this you could just put the defining expression on the return line function dynpress ro v return ro v 2 2 end function A script fragment illustrating the calling line is as follows density dens altitude Q dynpress density velocity CALL BY REFERENCE Unlike functions in some other languages User defined functions in HiQ Script can modify the arguments passed to them that is parameters passed to user functions are called by reference Consider the following example x 2 y f x function f a a a t 1 return a 2 end function The variable x is set to 2 then it is passed to the function f The function first increments its argument by 1 then returns the square of the modified argument So after execution x has been incremented to 3 and y is set to the value returned by the function or 9 CALLING HIQ BUILT IN FUNCTIONS HiQ built in functions are called exac
188. through the standard HiQ Script array notation See Matrices and Vectors in the Statements section earlier in this chapter string abcdef stringl string 2 4 string2 string 3 String is set to bed and string2 cdef UTILITY BUILT IN FUNCTIONS Several HiQ built in functions are available to facilitate interaction with the user during script execution These and other language related functions are described in the Utility Functions section of the Reference Manual MESSAGE message displays a modal alert box which requires clicking on the OK button to continue if a gt 500 then message Input value is too large end if National Instruments Corporation 7 17 HiQ User Manual The HiQ Script Language Chapter 7 The message looks like Input value is too large WARNING If you wish to display a message which elicits an OK or Cancel response use warning This statement returns a 1 if the OK button is selected or a 0 zero if the Cancel button is selected warningResult warning Erase all data if warningResult 1 then proceed with erasing data end if Erase all data GETSTRING To retrieve a string input use get String The general form is string getString prompt_string default_string HiQ User Manual 7 18 National Instruments Corporation Chapter 7
189. ting in the Page Setup dialog box The default is portrait style 8 5 inches wide by 11 inches tall To change to landscape style 11 inches wide by 8 5 inches tall select Page Setup under the File menu National Instruments Corporation 3 1 HiQ User Manual The Worksheet Chapter 3 Click on the appropriate button for portrait or landscape format Portrait Landscape If the Worksheet contains more than one page dashed lines are drawn to indicate page boundaries Project1 Worksheet ajajajn ca sear Projecti Worksheet Size Pages Wide __2 Pages Tall __ 2 Page Count 4 Page Width 8 50 Page Height 11 00 Total Total Width Height 17 00 22 00 CREATING SYMBOLS WITH THE TOOL PALETTE In this section you will learn how to use the script scalar vector matrix graphics and Problem Solver tools Annotation tools will be described in the following section Many of the tools in this group expand to allow choice of type notice the little right facing arrows Which ever type for example integer real or complex for a vector is selected becomes the default for that tool See Tool palette in the Worksheet Basics section earlier in this chapter To place a Symbol on the Worksheet 1 Select a tool changing type if necessary by moving the pointer until the correct tool is selected 2 Cl
190. ting the Editor oe eee eeetecneeeees 9 1 On Page Text Editing oo eee eeecseeeeeceeseecseaeeneenaes 9 1 Editing Text in a Separate Window eee eee eeeeeeeeeeee 9 1 Text Entering and Editing ee ceececseeteecneenaeeseenaee 9 2 Chapter 10 Import Export 4 534scneenceatewosoenuan 10 1 Importing a FIle siessen tsr eee ae iE 10 1 Exporting a Symbol sesessessesssereseseeesseereresesrssesrssrerrsrenrsrretes 10 3 Preferences s s5 sssssc sess siden dssesseasvet r rie oaeo EEE EEAS EEr nEs SiE ERS 10 4 Appendix A Customer Communication 00 0 00 00 cece A 1 Ea gt erene a a NE I 1 x National Instruments Corporation ABOUT THE HiQ USER MANUAL MANUAL ORGANIZATION To properly address all of HiQ s capabilities in a manageable book format two volumes are used e User Manual shows how to install the program on your Macintosh and introduces HiQ concepts Reference Manual a full reference to all of HiQ s built in functions including a discussion of their algorithms You are currently browsing the HiQ User Manual whose contents are as follows e About the HiQ User Manual How to find what you need You are now reading this section e Introducing HiQ A general overview of HiQ Getting Started System hardware and software requirements software installation how to get help from National Instruments and a quick start section for people who don t like to read manuals 7 The Worksheet A descripti
191. tly like user functions For example a call to the built in function sin would look like x sin theta For information about the extensive list of built in functions see the HiQ Reference Manual A number of built in functions have multiple return values A generic built in function BIF might look like this A B C D BIF x y Zz National Instruments Corporation 7 21 HiQ User Manual The HiQ Script Language Chapter 7 You can call this function without returning all four values If you don t need the last value just leave it off A B C BIF x y z If you don t need the last two return values A B BIF x y z and so on If you don t need one of the intermediate return values leave the commas as place holders The function calls A B D BIF x y Z A D BIF x y Z return A B and D in the first instance and A and D in the second In general undesired trailing variables may be dropped and undesired intermediate variable places must be held by commas If you forget the comma in the following call A B D BIF x y Z the third return value not the fourth would be placed into D If you need only the first return value you can eliminate the brackets A BIF x y z USING FUNCTION NAMES AS ARGUMENTS More than twenty HiQ built in functions accept as an argument the name of another function For instance the function derivative has the form derivative function n h a Th
192. to the beginning of the next variable key word or number to the right Select text by dragging over the words you wish to edit You can select one word by double clicking anywhere within the word To select an entire line click on the line number if it is present or click at the beginning of the line then drag down Cut copy and paste under the Edit menu are standard Clear deletes the selected text without first placing it in the clipboard for later retrieval Pressing the delete key is the same as Clear You have one level of Undo available Once you have selected Undo from the Edit menu the Undo menu item changes to Redo Undo captures everything since the last editing command For example if you have just used the Clear com mand to delete some text Undo will change into Undo Clear which gives you some indication of what you National Instruments Corporation 8 3 HiQ User Manual The Script Editor Chapter 8 are about to undo Once you have selected Undo the menu item becomes Redo allowing you to go back and forth Any new activity such as typing resets the Undo To go directly to a specific word or words select the Find command from the Utility menu Find what string O Search Backwards Entire Word O Wrap Around Search Case Sensitive Fina The editor will find the next occurrence of the text in the Find what string field Unless you have selected Entire Word the text may be e
193. tor for this problem so 4 Select the Get Info command from the Matrix menu to change the matrix s size Matrix Cancel 5 Press the tab key once to select the Rows field 6 Type 11 and HiQ User Manual 2 8 National Instruments Corporation Chapter 2 Getting Started 7 Click on OK You may have to use the grow box in the lower right corner to make the window large enough to see all eleven rows If the row 1 cell isn t selected highlighted as in the picture above click in the cell Enter 1980 1990 1 With the row 1 cell selected type 1980 and 2 Press the return key This action enters 1980 into the cell and selects the next cell down You could also have keyed in the number then pressed the down arrow or clicked in the next cell down Continue this process until all eleven years have been keyed in National Instruments Corporation 2 9 HiQ User Manual Getting Started Chapter 2 If you make a mistake 1 Click in the offending cell The contents of the cell appear in the edit area at the top of the window 2 Correct the error using standard Macintosh editing methods in the edit area and 3 Click on the check mark to the left of the edit area or press return When you have finished 4 Click on the close box at the left end of the title bar Save Changes Save Edit Changes Before Closing Symbol is Year Yes No Cancel 5 Click on Yes to save your changes
194. trix1 Matrix1 Matrin2 Matrin2 this selection ating Matrin3 Matrin4 Matrix4 Shift Click Matrix5 Matrix5 Matrix Matrix6 Matrix Matrix Matrix8 Matrix8 Matrix9 Matrix9 e Command click adds discontinuous selection UISU E List Starting with aaa Matrinl this selection matrin2 Matrix2 Matrix3 Matrix3 Matrin4 Matrin4 Command Click Matrix5 Matrix5 Matrix6 Matrix6 f Matris Matrin Command Click Matrix8 Matrix8 Matrin9 Matrin9 Command Click By dragging with the command key held down you can select discontinuous ranges Starting with tis A i Matrix1 this selection Matrin2 Matrix3 Matrix3 3 Matrixn4 Matrin4 Command Click Matrix5 Matrix5 Matrix Matrix6 Matrin Matrix Drag Matrix8 Matrix8 Matrix9 Matrix9 To remove symbols from the selected set command click or drag selected items those symbols will be dese lected Clicking on the Delete button deletes the selected symbol s from the project file Once deleted it s gone so be sure before you click on OK in the confirmation dialog box Clicking on Cancel takes you back to the Symbol List without deleting the symbol You can also press lt delete gt to delete selected symbols HiQ User Manual 3 26 National Instruments Corporation Chapter 3 The Worksheet Clicking on the Rename button allows you to type a different name for the selected symbol Rename Symbol Current Name B New Name
195. ts 4 6 preferences 4 10 National Instruments Corporation I 1 row and column sizing 4 7 selecting an entire row or column 4 6 text formats 4 7 throw away editing changes 4 5 default variable scope 7 4 deleting a symbol from the Symbol List 3 26 from the Worksheet 3 28 E editing a symbol from the Symbol List 3 27 from the Worksheet 3 11 equipment required 2 1 F Functions amp Tables menu 5 6 to 5 8 G graph labels 6 10 graph legend 6 10 graph options 6 10 graph rendering hidden line 6 25 lighted 6 26 shaded 6 26 transparency 6 30 wire frame 6 25 graph title 6 10 Graph Editor tools animation 6 33 to 6 36 color 6 17 lighting 6 29 line width 6 17 6 18 magnify 6 15 marker type 6 18 move 6 14 to 6 15 perspective 6 30 to 6 31 HiQ User Manual Index scale 6 13 to 6 14 select 6 11 trace 6 19 zoom 6 11 to 6 13 grid setting 6 9 turning on and off 6 10 H HiQ Script block escape statements 7 15 to 7 16 comments 7 6 data types 7 2 for statement 7 14 if statement 7 12 language constants 7 23 matrix and vector notation 7 9 to 7 11 matrix arithmetic 7 11 to 7 12 matrix initialization 7 10 operator precedence 7 8 repeat statement 7 15 scope of variables 7 4 to 7 5 select statement 7 12 to 7 13 semicolon at end of statement 7 9 strings 7 17 user functions 7 20 to 7 23 variable names 7 3 while statement 7 14 HiQ Script Editor See Script Ed
196. ts of the following equation x44 8x3 24x _ 32x 16 0 INPUTS The Polynomial Root Solver s default number of non zero terms is 1 so first 6 tab to the number of terms input k and insert 5 As you tab out of that cell the input area is changed to reflect the requirement for five terms 7 Type the coefficients of each term Be sure to input something for each part of the term including real imaginary and exponent even if it is zero The solver will flag an error if any part of the term is left blank OPTIONS The real and imaginary parts of the initial estimate go here 8 Type 1 0 for both parts of the initial estimate HiQ User Manual 5 26 National Instruments Corporation Chapter 5 Problem Solvers The full problem setup looks like this Project1 PolyRoots1 compRtO Initial estimate 10 AJ Graph EJ Execute O Save script O Verbose Scrolling the input field to show the remaining term Project1 PolyRoots1 9 Click on the run button the right facing arrow between the input and output areas OUTPUT Double click on the compRt1 icon in the Outputs area to view the results National Instruments Corporation 5 27 HiQ User Manual Problem Solvers Chapter 5 To generate a script click on Save Script before running the Problem Solver project compRt0 local a f a Ts Op Ves 09 3 16 0 32 0 24 0 8
197. ues If you are using this Problem Solver to create a script you may wish to leave this option unchecked Save Script create a script which will recreate the Problem Solver setup The script will be stored in a script symbol available in the Symbol List e Verbose only available if Save Script is checked this option adds comments to the generated script HiQ User Manual 5 8 National Instruments Corporation Chapter 5 Problem Solvers EXPRESSION EVALUATION The Expression Evaluator is used to evaluate an expression for a single input value or over a range of values The expression may include any legal HiQ Script statements including built in functions and user defined functions foo To start the Expression Evaluator from the Worksheet place an Expression Evaluator Symbol on the Work sheet and double click on it To start the Expression Evaluator from the Solvers menu select Expression Evaluation To start the Expression Evaluator from the Create Menu 1 select Create Symbol click on Problem Solver in the left column click on Expression Evaluation in the right column type a name and click on Create amp Edit Gi eb Project1 ExprEvall Expression input Data elements EJ Graph J Execute O Save script O Verbose As an example let s calculate and plot the results of the function sin x cos x as x goes from zero to 47 National Instruments Corporation 5 9 HiQ User
198. umUnifMeshPoints tolerance maxIterations defCorrFlag intEqnVector0 OPTIMIZATION The Optimizer is used to solve mathematical programming problems including linear programming uncon strained linear and nonlinear problems and constrained linear and nonlinear problems To start the Optimizer from the Worksheet place an Optimizer Symbol on the Worksheet and double click on it To start the Optimizer from the Solvers menu select Optimization from the Solvers menu To start the Optimizer from the Create Menu 1 select Create Symbol 2 click on Problem Solver in the left column 3 click on Optimization in the right column HiQ User Manual 5 48 National Instruments Corporation Chapter 5 Problem Solvers 4 type a name and click on Create amp Edit Project1 0ptl optiteration Metnos _conjugete treden o as e Max Iterations 200 Local substitutions SAMPLE PROBLEM Determine the minimum of the function 100 x x 24 1 X 2 INPUTS In the Inputs area 5 edit the number of variables to 2 6 Enter the expression in the Inputs window 100 x 2 x 1 2 2 1 x 1 2 7 Double click on the Initial Conditions icon to input the initial conditions x 1 2 and x 1 0 Projecti initUvectorO gt National Instruments Corporation 5 49 HiQ User Manual Problem Solvers Chapter 5 OPTIONS Method choices include Conjugate Gra
199. use the default name provided by HiQ such as NonlinSys1 and National Instruments Corporation 5 1 HiQ User Manual Problem Solvers Chapter 5 5 click on Create amp Edit Projecti Create Symbol Name NonlinSys1 Symbol Type Problem Solver Type Hid Script Expression Evaluation String Numerical Integration __ Optimization Graph 20 Data Fitting Graph 3D Polynomial Roots Problem Solver General Roots Nonlinear Systems Scalar Row Vector Integral Equations ODE Initial Value ODE Boundary Value Column Vector Matrix Create amp Edit In this example a Problem Solver window with the name NonlinSys1 is opened ready for setting up and solving a problem GENERAL FEATURES The problem solvers are all arranged similarly with three basic sections e inputs e options and e outputs HiQ User Manual 5 2 National Instruments Corporation Chapter 5 Popup Menu Data Icon Problem Solvers Inputs Run button Outputs Ls EEE Projectt Nonlinsys Se Inputs Project1 NonlinSys1 A xf xf2 x n 0 Rel Edit Fields Options gt Method Newton v Max Iterations fTolerance P i 100 1 0e 6 Initial Estimate a xTolerance rea initVector 1 0e 6 Local substitutions KJ Graph EJ Execute O Save script O verbose Options Views within windo
200. white space between them Hence endif works the same as end if However compound keywords must appear on the same line Built in functions and HiQ Script keywords are not case sensitive variables and user defined function names are Some obvious ramifications of this are e the matrix A and the variable a are unique if you define a function SIN it will be ignored in favor of the built in function sin e you don t have to remember how we capitalized the built in function new3DDataGraph but you will probably remember how you handled your own function myOwNfunCtlon COMMENTS Comments may be included in the script as either single line comments or delimited comments The single line comment begins with two slashes and concludes at the end of the line All text to the end of the line is ignored by the HiQ Script compiler This is a single line comment It ends with the end of the line Delimited comments allow you to spread a single comment over several lines or add comment text to a line containing executable HiQ Script code A delimited comment starts with and ends with This is a delimited comment It continues until the asterisk slash combination is encountered xf for i 1 to 10 do x i x You can put this kind of comment anywhere even here z x i end for OPERATORS HiQ Script includes the standard set of operators expected in any modern language plus a few that are tai lored to HiQ
201. window Individual editors are described in other chapters in this manual The only Preferences control you have for the Symbol List is whether or not to display internal symbols those symbols that HiQ generates during script execution National Instruments Corporation 3 27 HiQ User Manual The Worksheet Cut Copy PASTE AND UNDO When you use Cut Copy and Paste from the Edit menu to manipulate symbols you must keep in mind HiQ s approach to handling data the Symbol icon on the Worksheet is merely an iconic representation of the sym bol and its data Chapter 3 To protect against inadvertent loss of data the only way to Cut or Clear a symbol and its data from the Work sheet is by doing so from the Symbol List Deleting a Symbol from the Worksheet page merely removes the Symbol s icon Copying a Symbol places a copy of the symbol on the clipboard What happens during a Paste operation depends on the target location and the contents of the clipboard Worksheet 1 Worksheet 2 Cut Copy Paste to Action Symbol icon Worksheet Symbol icon is placed on page and symbol is on the work added to the Symbol List sheet Symbol List Symbol is added to Symbol List but the Sym bol icon is not placed on the worksheet Symbol Worksheet Symbol is added to Symbol List and Symbol from the Sym icon is placed on the worksheet bol List Symbol List Symbol is added to Symbol List The Paste mecha
202. ws each of the views inside the Nonlinear System Solver window has most of the features of a standard Macintosh window including a title bar a zoom box and scroll bars Where more than one item may be input e g equations or variables there is also an edit field in the title bar where you may specify a number Edit fields where a number or expression is required standard Macintosh editing controls work as you would expect You can tab between them or go directly by clicking inside the desired field 5 Run button clicking on this button causes the actions specified in the execution options to take place Popup menus fields that look like National Instruments Corporation 5 3 HiQ User Manual Problem Solvers Chapter 5 soln vector0 in the Nonlinear Systems Solver are popup menus that expand to look like Method Newton N Quasi Newton Brent when the mouse button is held down When expanded the current selection is highlighted so if you do noth ing besides releasing the mouse button no change will be made Icons input and output scalars vectors and matrices are represented by icons as in the vector icon to the left Double click on the icon to view the data from within the Data Editor To rename the item click on its icon to select it then press the return key and type the new name Where the icon represents input values double click on the icon to bring up the Data Editor for input To use an existing symbol fo
203. ws move the selection in the right column and the tab key cycles through the edit fields including the Name field HiQ User Manual 3 24 National Instruments Corporation Chapter 3 The Worksheet Once you ve built up a collection of symbols the Symbol List might look like this Project1 Symbol List Show Types BX Hid Script a Graph EJ Piot amp Movie a String 4 Problem Solver Show Other Oo Script Results o Invalid Script Variable Names Oo Name Contains fe er a Scalar EX vector EJ Matrix a Compiled Script a Function ie Picture stg rp omoaawa New Delete Rename Find Place Edit Notice that in the Show Types collection of checkboxes Vector is underlined to indicate the type of the selected symbol initVector0 The Delete Rename Place and Edit buttons described below operate on whichever symbol is selected Mul tiple symbols may be selected by holding down the shift key or command key while clicking on symbol names shift click adds to the current selection Starting with b x Matrix1 this selection Matrix2 Matrix3 Matrixn4 MatrixS Matrix6 Matrix Matrix8 Matrix9 National Instruments Corporation az D Matrix Shift Click 3 25 HiQ User Manual The Worksheet Chapter 3 To decrease the selected range click on the last symbol to be included LIDU S terse Starting with Ma

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