Implement of SYNC2SINK Protocol on CC2510 Platform
Contents
1. Kokkola University Consortium Chydenius FI 67701 Kokkola Finland referred 22 11 2010 Available on the Internet URL http www cc puv fi gc download publications Design of Low Cost Noise Measurement Sensor Network Sensor Function Design pdf 2 Arnold B Embedded System Design 2002 referred 12 01 2011 Avail able on the Internet lt URL http books google com books id 3v Y35UkvXrAC amp printsec frontcover amp source gbs ge summary r amp cad Oftvzonepage amp q amp tf false gt 3 Ilker Demirkol Cem Ersoy and Fatih Alag z 20 Dec 2001 MAC Proto cols for Wireless Sensor Networks a Survey referred 05 05 2011 Available on Internet URL http ieeexplore ieee org xpls abs_all jsp arnumber 1632658 gt 4 LF Akyildiz W Su Y Sankarasubramaniam E Cayirci Wireless sensor networks a survey 2002 Broadband and Wireless Networking Laboratory School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology USA referred 03 05 2011 Available on the Internet lt URL http Ainkinghub elsevier com retrieve pii S 1389128601003024 gt 5 Texas Instruments 11 Jul 2008 Low Power SoC System on Chip with MCU memory 2 4GHz RF Transceiver and USB Rev F referred 03 05 2010 Available on Internet lt URL http focus ti com docs prod folders print cc25 10f16 html 6 IAR Embedded Workbench for 8051 30 Jun 2010 IAR Embedded Workbench for 8051 Version 7 60 referred 03 02. AUDIO DES vo Ci dp ERA AD gt ff 2u F4 o a GE uz gt o Figure 3 CC2510 Block diagram As shown in Figure 3 the modules can be divided into one out of three categories CPU related modules radio related modules and modules related to power test 14 and clock distribution In the following subsections a short description of each module that appears in Figure 3 10 3 4 Pin and VO port configuration CC2510 has 21 digital input output pins that can be configured as general purpose digital I O or as peripheral I O signals connected to the ADC timers Figure 4 is the CC2510 pinout top view The I O ports have some key features as follow up 1 21 digital input output pins 2 General purpose I O or peripheral I O 3 Pull up or pull down capability on inputs except on P1_0 and P1 1 4 External interrupt capability lt gt e c 2 o o lt gt 5 a I wi c e a a a a a Cr a c GO SS 34 33 3231 20 20 P1_2 1 27 RBIAS DVDD 2 26 AvDD P11 3 25 AVDD P10 4 24 RFN Poo 5 23 RF P Po 1 6 22 AvDD PO 2 7 21 xosc o1 PO_3 8 20 xosc o2 PO 4 9 lo 19 AVDD N 10 141 12 13 174 15 16 17 18 AGND 2 e 3 E n FS rs Exposed die EJ a gt n o m ez S attached pad e s S lt gt lt gt gt lt gt i yo Do me Figure 4 CC2510 pinout top view 15 COCO AGND Ground The exposed die attach pad must be connected t
3. Figure 11 and Figure 12 shows project settings 20 Options for node ieee test Figure 10 Project setting In the Derivative information box select the CC2510 151 file located in folder Embedded Workbench 4 05 8051 config derivatives Chipcon Use to select the file Set up rest of the settings on the Target settings as Figure 10 shows 21 Options for node Test1 E Category C C Compiler Assembler Custom Build Number of DPTRs 1 B Size DETR select M Select regi Build Actions Linker Debugger ne Third Party Driver 24 bit Chipcon ROM Monitor r DPTR addresses Analog Devices Silabs Simulator Cancel Figurell Project setting Use one data pointer It s important to set DPTR select to Set using XOR AND even if only one DPTR is in use Options for node Testi Category C C Compiler Assembler j Custom Build Stack sizes Heap sizes Build Actions IDATA 0x40 XDATA o FF Linker Debugger PDATA 0x80 Far xFFF Third Party Driver Chipcon DATA xlFF Huge OxFFF ROM Monitor Analog Devices Extended Dx3FF Silabs Simulator Library Configuration l Library options Stack Heap MISRA C l Cancel Figure12 Project setting 22 Change XDATA stack size to 0x1 FF 4 2 3 Include source files To create a new source file choose File gt New gt File as s
4. MCU development process in general as follows 1 By using the software platform to preparation the testing program source code The most commonly microcontroller developing software used IAR development software platform C language and C are both available to use In our case we only need to use IAR EW and C language After com plete the original programming by using IAR Embedded Workbench I com piled source code into a HEX file which is able to operate inside the MCU 2 Using an emulator to download HEX file to the appropriate MCU In our case TI SmartRF Flash Programmer is the software we used to upload HEX file 3 The emulator will simulate the source program debugging It will check the source code and help us to achieve the intended goal of developing tests If the program is correct LCD will display the transmission time currently 13 4 Running the program in wireless development system 3 3 Architecture Figure 3 is the block diagram for CC2510 xxe PX HIGH SPEED POWER ON RESET RESET_N X O oc eet Meme VDD 2 0 3 6 V REGULATOR SZ DCOUPL A DIGITAL xosc a NX CRYSTAL OSC MIXED 24 27 MHz a 3 t P24 DX E E p2 3 X CRYSTAL OSC H P22 X Y eS HIGH SPEED LOW PWR P2 1 x t RC OSC RC OSC P20 X P7 XI P1 6 DX P1 5 IX P1 4 DX P1 3 xj P12 NX Pa XI P1 0 SG 662510 Po_7 XK Pos DX ONTROLLER AX ADC
5. will realized the device register names and then we can start to capture packages Start demo WSN system use TI SmartRF studio to export as register file then TI sniffer can recognize and capture packages 4 5 TI SmartRF sniffer The packet sniffer runs on CC2510DK and can visualize the traffic on air in real time B Texas Instrun uc File Help GSW G gt o simplicitivi 1 0 Select File IR q Register Update 34 Register Value 0A 0x00 El _ 05D 0x44 DEC WD y mam TO SE Q Browse D Write to file Apply Browse ditecloties to find required register setting fles Packet count 0 Error count 0 Filter off Figure 22 TI SmartRF Packet Sniffer In Figure 22 on bottom function bar choose Radio Settings Browse choose the file you made by TI SmartRF Studio which was named 1234 Now press Play button on top function bar to start capture package 29 4 6 Timer In this section I will describe the details how I created the timer for the program ming part This timer controls the broadcasting time of the Sink 4 6 1 Timer activity Control the time to send the frame Time interval between two consecutive arrives Fine time adjustment AT T T SINK NODE Y 7 Y SYNC frame 4 DATA frame Figure 23 SINK amp NODE work flow chart Figure 23 is SINK amp NODBE work flow chart SINK start to send first SYNC frame at t1 received first DAT
6. 0 pins number pins name and pins function 11 16 4 APPROACH AND IMPLEMENTATION 4 1 Hardware Setup 1 Plug CC2510EM into SmartRFO4EB and Tan s power supply board 2 Connect antennas to both EM boards 3 Plug USB cables to connect to computer for apply power supply and sniffer 4 Press power on for check the standard setting 5 First Board modular convert into a sniffer to capture packages when these end devices are communication 12 13 Figure 5 shows the system overview of our wireless communication system power SINK wirless communication CTT Node 2 Figure 5 Demo system overview 17 4 0 IAR Embedded Workbench Setup IAREW is the most popular platform to develop embedded system application Its optimizing C C compiler provides extensive support for a wide range of 8051 devices The optimizing compilers generate very compact and efficient code 14 E TAR Embedded Wi A File Edit View Project Texas Instruments Emulator Tools Window Help j neugi amp one 4 uGB 6 muUx i5 Workspace x en c main LinkTo c 0c251 OLinkListen y include ioCCxx10 bitdef h Files Bs include hal main h E O Simple Peer To Peer C include app remap led h Components i Cipeer applications static void linkFrom void CJ application OLinkListen void initTimerl void e E main LinkListen c interrupt void timerl ISR void G LinkTo void lcdW
7. 2IF are set on com pare capture event e TICTL OVFIF is set when counter reaches terminal count value over flow 34 OxFFFF T1CCO A I t T1CCn l L 0 Set output on compare 1 Clear output on compare 2 Toggle output on compare 3 Set output on compare up dear on 0 4 Clear output on compare up seton O 5 Set when T1CCn dear when TICCO 6 Clear when T1CCn set when TICCO Figure 25 Output Compare Modes Timer Free running Mode Timer 1 contains a 1 bit Delta Sigma Modulator DSM of second order that can be used to produce a mono audio output PWM Pulse Width Modulator signal The DSM removes the need for high order external filtering required when using regular PWM mode The DSM operates at a fixed speed of either 1 4 or 1 8 of the timer tick speed set by CLKCON TICKSPD The DSM speed is set by TICCTL1 MODE The input samples are updated at a configurable sampling rate set by the terminal count val ue TICCO Figure 25 shows the output Compare modes timer free running mode 35 4 7 SYNC structure Length DSTADD SRCADD Transacti LinkID Sequence User Port on ID Figure 26 Design of SYNC frame Figure 26 shows the values and length of SYNC frame Length User Por 13 1179 56 34 12 180 56 34 12 0x04 D Figure 27 SYNC frame Figure 27 was captured by TI sniffer its sho
8. 5 2010 Available on Internet URL http www iar com website1 1 0 1 0 244 1 gt 43 1I Texas Instruments 13 Apr 2011 SmartRF Flash Programmer 1 11 1 Rev M referred 20 04 2011 Available on Internet URL http focus ti com docs toolsw folders print flash programmer html gt 8 Texas Instruments 21 Feb 2011 SmartRF Studio 7 v1 4 9 Rev H re ferred 12 03 2011 Available on Internet lt URL http focus ti com docs toolsw folders print smartrftm studio html gt 9 Texas Instruments 01 Dec 2008 SimpliciTI Overview Rev B referred 12 03 2011 Available on Internet lt URL http www ti com litv pdf swru130b gt 10 Texas Instruments 10 Apr 2008 Low Power SoC System on Chip with MCU Memory 2 4 GHz RF Transceiver and USB Controller v1 3 Rev E re ferred 03 04 2010 Available on Internet lt URL http focus ti com lit ds swrs055f swrsO55f pdf gt 11 Texas Instruments 11 Jul 2008 Low Power SoC System on Chip with MCU memory 2 4GHz RF Transceiver and USB Rev F referred 03 04 2010 Available on Internet URL http focus ti com lit ds symlink cc25 10f32 pdf 12 Texas Instruments 14 Dec 2007 CC2510 CC2511DK Development Kit User Manual Rev A referred 27 03 2010 Available on Internet URL http www ti com litv pdf swrul34a gt 13 Texas Instruments 02 Sep 2010 CC2510 CC2511 DK Quick Start Rev B referred 15 04 2010 Available on Inter
9. A frame at t4 send second SYNC frame at t5 we assume T as the time between t1 and t5 this value is appropriate 5000ms 30 NODE received first SYNC frame at t2 start to send first DATA frame at t3 re ceived second SYNC frame at t6 we assume T as the time between t2 to t6 in perfection state T should be equal to T but in practical situation T gt T we cal culate delta At T T RTT means Round Trip Time It s to define the transmission time between SINK sends out the first SYNC frame and receives the first DATA frame 4 6 2 Timer code The control register TICTL is used to control the timer operation Six mode of operation in follow free running mode modulo mode up down mode channel mode control input capture mode and output compare mode Figure 24 shows the TICTL timer 1 control and status In output compare mode the I O pin associated with a channel is set as an output After the timer has been started the contents of the counter are compared with the contents of the channel compare register TICCnH T1CCnL If the compare regis ter equals the counter contents the output pin is set reset or toggled according to the compare output mode setting of TICCTLn CMP Writing to the compare reg ister TICCnL is buffered so that a value written to TICCnL does not take effect until the corresponding high order register TICCnH is written For output com pare modes 0 a new value written to the compare registers TICCnH T
10. CD USB connector SMA test connectors Joystick Volume ae eee Figure 1 Chipcon SmartRFO4EB Figure 1 shows the major parts of the SmartRFO4EB pa 1 CC2510EM Evaluation Module Chipcon CC2510EM is a small plug in module for CC2510DK should be used as reference design for antenna and RF layout Figure 2 shows the CC2510EM without antenna Figure 2 Chipcon CC2510EM 2 6 Purpose of project Project aimed e Build up a demo system to measurement SYNC2SINK protocol e SYNC amp DATA frame structure design e SINK amp Node programming e Transmission time calculation 12 3 THEORTICAL BACKGROUND 3 1 SYNC amp SINK protocol The protocol stack is a global synchronization scheme and supports multi hop communications The application requires multi hop communication to send sensed data back to a sink and a global synchronization is necessary to offer time coherent noise information 1 SYNC2SINK works periodically and each period consists of two phases SYNC broadcasting and data communication Each period is started by the Sink node broadcasting a SYNC frame which contains a monotonically increasing sequence number and the current time of the sink Every node re broadcasts the SYNC after receiving a copy of it and sets the sender of that SYNC as its predecessor to sink thus a passive route to sink is established for every node throughout the network 3 2 Access testing environment Wireless
11. CLUSIONS AND DISCUSSION eese nennen rennen 42 REFERENCE isis dat 43 List of abbreviations CSMA CA Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance DSM EB EM EW MAC MCU PWM RX SoC TDMA TI TX USB WSN Delta Sigma Modulator Evaluation Board Evaluation Module Embedded Workbench Multiple Access Control Microcontroller Unit Pulse Width Modulator Receive System on Chip Time Division Multiple Access Texas Instrument Transmit Universal Serial Bus Wireless Sensor Networks LIST OF FIGURES TABLES AND CODES Hig re Mc 11 PAU TG LL a tdt 12 PROTO A A A A ay 14 LIBUIG Aioema e ie eee Ie Me LR D DM DI D MIDI LUE ni S 15 Figure A coim e t uL S LEE UD Ue S RO as 17 LIBUIG occ opc LAE a M E UI GS AS UE EE 18 A eC A In Dana tells DO da dele aaa 19 A ete ates o suu eae eee t i tc sales 19 Figure M M RN 20 Pig wre O cee A atu ote lote 21 Pr lA RR ER RD 22 Fig r l2 saree A HN 22 Figure o p eat S tial 23 Figure Auca 23 Pigure NO ae Gia eere a ATA 24 Eipute LO ce a ete e eee eise 24 Pigute I7 o ener A e a sec odes 25 LU e oai e e du Gean 26 dro NR ADORAR INERENTE 27 Figure UA ea usua NIE 28 Figure A A ELLE m Dd 28 org c ii io ile a 29 Figure 23 pnl 30 Figure PA leds Llosa 33 legi cp 35 Fig r 20a od
12. ICCnL takes effect after the registers have been written 15 Table 2 is CC2510Fx CC251 Fx Specific SFR Overview Register SFR Module Description Retention Name Address TICCOL ODA Timer Timer 1 Channel 0 Capture Compare Value Low TICCOH Timer 1 Channel 0 Capture Compare Value High Table 2 CC2510Fx CC2511Fx Specific SFR Overview 31 Set prescaler divider value to 8 to get a tickspeed of 101 56 kHz and set Timer 1 to free running mode TICTL TICTL TICTL MODEITICTL DIV TICTL MODE FREERUNITICTL DIV 8 TICTL amp TICTL CHOIF Code 1 timer code To calculate value of TICTL 0x0D in binary 00001101 Count from left to right side O No interrupt pending O No interrupt pending O No interrupt pending O No interrupt pending 11 Tick frequency 128 01 Free running repeatedly count from 0x0000 to OxFFFF Set compare register of channel 0 to 32767 OxFFFF 2 TICCOL 0x35 TICCOH Oxff Code 2 TICCOL TICCOH value This is the way I calculate T1CCOL T1CCOH values CPUCLK 26MHz 32 26MHz 128 203 125 KHz CPUCLK divided by tick frequency 128 2 203 125 0x FF35 2 5 means hexadecimal FF35 are value of register T1CCOH 0 x FF TICCOL 0 x 35 T1CTL 0xE4 Timer 1 Control and Status Bit Name Reset R W Description 7 CH2IF 0 R WO Timer 1 channel 2 interrupt flag 0 No interrupt pending 1 Interrupt pen
13. LE OF CONTENTS id 4 T INTRODUCTION estirando le eiui ainda 8 2 BACKGROUND ANDPURPOSE stars nar ei aut neers eae o Ret 9 2 1 Embedded Se ous o doi nse ad AT ENA O a eU e OH e ec IEEE 9 2 2 W reless Sensor NetWork d aoo RIO 9 2 3 Low cost amp low power sensor eeeeeeeeeeeeee eene enne enne enne nnne 9 ZA CC 2510 Development Kits eii eee tet toan tatit taedet seceaateanges 10 2 5 Development CNVITODIMENL oce pce oena eite Eres oce dation EU HU doe PURI Env ee du 10 2 06 Purpose of project iii ria aid 12 3 CTHBORTICAL BACKGROUND etre ieia i ii 13 Ob SOXNCSSINK DIOGIOOOL san sedit oi E S 13 3 2 ACCESS testis environments aeie a vinci ee ie 13 3 3 sATCDItectute ss co e A 14 3 4 Pin and port configuration seis iu canso sos aera eas 15 4 APPROACH AND IMPLEMENTATION eren 17 4 1 Hardware Selena nage odiado EA 17 4 2 IAR Embedded Workbench Setup eene 18 ADA Create a new project e eei tte eat Po Eae ans asas PS EIER p aS 18 4 2 2 General Options Code Model e dio 20 423 Include source tiles usais 23 4224 Compiled dao 23 4 3 TI SmartRF Pro Aa a 24 44 TE Smart Studio suicide 25 Zo AS eu octies potui rat heit Se eet acces 29 4 6 inr de EL 30 2 6 Timer aci 30 46 2 Timer CUE A A 31 4 6 3 Example of output compare mode in free running mode 33 Z SYNG StU U Cito aeo A edi ieu dn 36 AS DATA Wisin c 38 9 OUTCOME OF PROTECE ta 41 6 CON
14. PX VAASAN AMMATTIKORKEAKOULU 9499 VASA YRKESH GSKOLA amp UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENCES Protocol Framework Design for CC2510 Based Data Gathering Sensor Network SISI Technology and Communication 2011 VAASAN AMMATTIKORKEAKOULU UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENCES Degree Programme of Information Technology ABSTRACT Author SI SI Title Protocol Framework Design for CC2510 Based Data Gathering Sensor Network Year 2011 Language English Pages 42 Name of Supervisor GAO CHAO The objective of this project is to build up a demo system by using MCU This project consist one SINK node which broadcasts a SYNC frame to the sensor node periodically After receives a SYNC frame the sensor node will send data frame back to SINK node This project work is divided into 2 parts SYNC and DATA Structure design and embedded system programming My responsibility is to design SYNCE DATA frame structure and build up the demo system which defined in paragraph 1 All the works are implemented by IAR Embedded System Workbench and the programming part is written by C language Thesis report divided to 6 parts introduce my project explain background which will be used in project theoretical background chapter will explain more details about information I used analysis and description at approach and implementa tion chapter last two chapters are summary and conclusion CONTENTS ABSIRAC Ts rad 2 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS cuisine 3 TAB
15. Start to learn 8051 C language 2 To master and use newly software via searching and reading instruction 3 Get initial values of the registers by checking TI s datasheet 4 Patience testing during project met troubles After testing our system the packets which captured with TI sniffer are totally matched our design this result proves our communication system works in a cor rect way and the design of SYNC DATA structure is working properly Weakness I know less of 8051 C language at the beginning of this project and it s my first time to use TI SmartRF programmer studio sniffer and IAR EW platform In order calculate register values I have to check a lot of TI datasheet Further development 1 Modify per to per mode and update the transmission mode to TDMA 2 Increase the function of sensors the nodes are able to detect data of tempera ture electromagnetic earthquakes humidity noise levels lighting intensity pressure soil composition movement object size and so on 3 Because of limited coverage and communication range WSN must have large numbers of sensor it s very difficult to recharge replace battery In order to extend sensor network work life all the nodes can be put into SLEEP mode when they are not working 42 REFERENCES 1 Ismo Hakala Ilkka Kivel Jukka Ihalainen Jari Luomala Chao Gao De sign of Low Cost Noise Measurement Sensor Network Sensor Function Design University Of Jyv skyl
16. a e RR 36 O 36 A NE 38 PAU Go MT 38 A O tian cued 16 Table e 3l Sud A 32 Codo M A O 32 COGO 3s odes cipum bad Ad 34 COSA acier teni A t fuste dongs cada 34 GV 9 37 Code ninia a 38 1 INTRODUCTION With the extensive application of wireless communications using of MCU mi crocontroller units wireless communications technology becomes more popular By developing of MEMS Micro Electro Mechanism System SOC System on Chip wireless communication and low power embedded system there comes out a new technology WSN Wireless Sensor Network which has low power low cost distributed and self organization characteristics SYNC2SINK is a global synchronization protocol designed for WSN Wireless Sensor Networks 1 It was built on a platform using CSMA CA Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance protocol In this project SYNC2SINK is the way that after in group node receive SYNC frame which broadcast from SINK node it will sends DATA frame back Every period will process 5000ms each of SYNC and DATA frame s length is 13bytes include Length Destination Address and Source Address Transaction ID Appli cation PAYLOAD and User Port parts The demo system composed of Chipcon SmartRF04 EBs Embedded Board and three of CC2510 EMs Evaluation Module One of CC2510EM will be SINK part which transmits the SYNC frame one of CC2510EM will be s
17. ding 6 CH1IF 0 RIWO Timer 1 channel 1 interrupt flag 0 No interrupt pending 1 Interrupt pending 5 CHOIF 0 R WO Timer 1 channel 0 interrupt flag 0 No interrupt pending i Interrupt pending 4 OVFIF 0 R WO Timer 1 counter overflow interrupt flag Set when the counter reaches the terminal count value in free running or modulo mode or when counter turns around on Zero in up down mode 0 No interrupt pending 1 Interrupt pending 32 DIV 1 0 00 RW Prescaler divider value Generates the active clock edge used to update the counter as follows 00 Tick frequency 1 01 Tick frequency 8 10 Tick frequency 32 11 Tick frequency 128 Note The prescaler counter is not reset when writing these bits hence one prescaler period may be needed before updated data is used 1 0 MODE 1 0 00 RW Timer 1 mode select The timer operating mode is selected as follows 00 Operation is suspended 01 Free running repeatedly count from 0x0000 to OxFFFF 10 Modulo repeatedly count from 0x0000 to Ticco 11 Up down repeatedly count from 0x0000 to 71cco and from Ticco down to 0x0000 Figure 24 TICTL 4 6 3 Example of output compare mode in free running mode set Timer 1 to free running mode 33 TICTL TICTL TICTL_MODE TICTL_DIV ITICTL MODE FREERUN I TICTL DIV 8 TICTL amp TICTL_CHOIF Code 3 Timerl to free running mode When the timer is used in Free running Mode the interrupt flags are set as follows e TICTL CHOIF TICTL CHIIF and TICTL CH
18. et as receiver mode After received SYNC frame from SINK it will change to transmitter mode send DATA frame back to SINK the last CC2510EM will be the sniffer to moni toring the process of communication To implement SYNC2SINK protocol in our system transmitter and receiver mode system clock SYNC and DATA frame need to initialize in my program I will illustrate tools we used in this project at Theoretical Background Chapter and explain the process to build this demo system at approach and implementation Chapter 2 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE 2 1 Embedded System An embedded system is a single purpose computer built into a larger system for the purposes of controlling and monitoring the system A general purpose com puter e g a personal computer is defined not to be an embedded system Examples cell phones DSTV decoders MP3 players ABS breaking systems and satellite guidance avionics 2 2 2 Wireless Sensor Network WSN is a kind of a multi hop Ad hoc network composed by lots of cheap micro sensor nodes which deployed in the monitoring region hop Ad hoc network 3 The aim of WSN is to perceive collaboration collection and processing coverage area perceived objects send observers Sensors sensing object and observer con stitute the wireless sensor network WSN have many types of sensors these sensors can detect a lot of information including earthquakes electromagnetic temperature humidity noise level
19. for 8051v7 6 30 day evaluation edition IAR EW is the most popular platform to develop embedded system applica tion Its optimizing C C compiler provides extensive support for a wide range of 8051 devices The optimizing compilers generate very compact and efficient code 6 TISmartRF Flash Programmer TI SmartRF Flash Programmer used to upgrading programs transfer to HEX in MCU s flash memory and RF System on Chip devices MCUs must connect on SmartRFO4 Embedded Board 7 TlISmartRF Studio TI SmartRF Studio is a good assistant which can help designers easy to evaluate RF system at design phase configure generation register values and 10 testing of the RF system It is a windows application to evaluate and config ure low power RF ICs 8 e TISimpliciTI SimpliciTI is a simple low power RF network protocol aimed at small RF networks Such networks typically contain battery operated devices which re quire long battery life low data rate and low duty cycle and have a limited number of nodes talking directly to each other or through an access point or range extenders 9 Hardware requirement CC2510 Development Kit SmartRFOAEB Evaluation Board Chipcon SmartRFOAEB is the main platform to support EM in CC2510DK the main board with LCD USB interface LEDs pot meter etc smen on Connectors r IE NC Rm aa y for evaluation DC jack e A 3 PE module EM Soc debug flash connector L
20. hown Figure 13 TAR Embedded Workbench IDE Fie Edit View Project Simulator Tools Window Help Open k Workspace Close Figure 13 Create new source file TAR Embedded Workbench IDE File Edit View Project Simulator Tools Window Help NS El js Add Files Workspace Add Group 11 Import File List Debug Edit Configurations Remove Create Mew Project Figure 14 Add files Edit the file and save it into project directory Figure 14 shows to add file in your project choose Project gt Add files Locate correct file and click Open 4 2 4 Compile and Link To compile and link project choose Make from the Project menu which shows in Figure 15 23 IAR Embedded Workbench IDE File Edit view Project Simulator Tools Window Help Add Files Add Group Import File List Edit Configurations Remove Create New Project Add Existing Project Options ALT FF Source Code Control gt Compile CTRL F7 Rebuild All Clean Batch build Fa Stop Build Debug CTRL D Make amp Restart Debugger Figure 15 Compile and Link 4 3 TI SmartRF Programmer Open TI SmartRF Programmer window shows above Figure 16 43 Texas Instrume EXAS INSTRUMENTS Interface Flash image A kA meg S yesan o Actions Flash lock effective after program eppend Erase and program Write protect po C Era
21. ket coui 100 Infinite Sent packets 0 Frequency 2425 749695 M 4 Output power 0 dBm Start f Stop l Figure 19 TI SmartRF Studio Control Panel SmartRF Studio control panel window is shown in Figure 19 click top lane Reg ister View it will come to code export at Figure 20 27 Register View MRE Parameters 249f CC2510 Register View ae Register export a rate 250 kbaud Register Value Hex 10CHG2 100FG1 OLFGO configuration PPE Y Ja 3a 20 ah 40 vt wh WO ss A GE Register snureec lt a c lt aoxgate oxatma aat n Radio Control State M Footer 1 ency Offset Compensat Synthesizer Cali Templates Cemehacirar Pals Packet sniffer settings C51 SFR definitions Packet snifir settings Le Export to File pr T C RF settings struct typedef Copy to Clipboard FONCEG BSCKG AGCCYRL2 VOY cow wo ow ow OY OY Ww ow wo ow wow cw ow woo vvv v Figure 20 TI SmartRF Studio Code export In code export mode choose Packet sniffer settings at Templates part then press Select Register it will display list of registers and value Click register export to make a file called 1234 psd export TI Studio Register file TI Sniffer capture TI Sniffer Figure 21 Transferring flow chart 28 Figure 21 is the transferring flow chart which describe that when TI studio export Register file TI sniffer
22. net URL http www ti com litv pdf swru079b gt 14 IAR Embedded Workbench for 8051 30 Jan 2006 IAR IDE User Manual referred 15 04 2010 Available on Internet lt URL http www ti com litv pdf swru038 gt 15 Texas Instruments 24 Aug 2010 CC2510EM Reference Design 3 0 Rev B referred 03 09 2010 Available on Internet lt URL http www ti com litv zip swrr035b gt 44
23. o a solid ground plane Ea 2 DIO Port 1 2 DIO Port 1 1 E RE E s mo oo mo s ma fo mr SSCS PO 2 DIO Port 0 2 EEE E Power Digital mot E XX 0 V 3 6 V digital power supply for digital I O P0 5 DIO Port 0 5 m ms wo fimo PO 7 DVO Port 0 7 E e ie e e es os nei P2 3 XOSC32 Q1 Port 2 3 32 768 kHz crystal oscillator pin 1 P2 4 XOSC32 Q2 Port 2 4 32 768 kHz crystal oscillator pin 2 AVDD Power Analog 2 0 V 3 6 V analog power supply connection XOSC Q2 Analog I O Crystal oscillator pin 2 XOSC Q1 Analog I O Crystal oscillator pin 1 or external clock input AVDD Power Analog 2 0 V 3 6 V analog power supply connection RF P RF 1 0 Positive RF input signal to LNA in receive mode Positive RF output signal from PA in transmit mode RF I O Negative RF input signal to LNA in receive mode Negative RF output signal from PA in transmit mode Power Analog 2 0 V 3 6 V analog power supply connection AVDD Power Analog 2 0 V 3 6 V analog power supply connection RBIAS Analog I O External precision bias resistor for reference current GUARD Power Digital Power supply connection for digital noise isolation AVDD_DREG Power Digital 2 0 V 3 6 V digital power supply for digital core voltage regulator DCOUPL Power 1 8 V digital power supply decoupling decoupling RESET_N Reset active low Table 1 CC2510 pin out overview Table 1 describe CC251
24. riteSeqNum UINT32 seqNum HaBhal bui lcdc uint32 t currentTime 0 D main LinkTo c void toggleLED uint8 t LaO Configuration Ls Output static uint amp t sRxTid 0 static linkID_t sLinkID2 0 static volatile uint amp _t sSemaphore 0 Rx callback handler static uint t sRxCallback linkID t s void main void Simple_Peer_To_Peer J f a Messages File Figure 6 IAR EW open window Figure 6 shows interface when start IAREW 4 2 1 Create a new project After open IAR EW window from the Project menu choose Create New Project as shown in Figure 7 18 T TAR Embedded Workbench IDE Project gt Gd Add Files Add Group Import File Li Edit Configurations REMOVE Create Mew Project Options AUT EF Make Compile Rebuild A amp Restart Debugger 1 Figure 7 Create New Project Choose Empty project and press OK Shown in Figure 8 Create New Project Figure 8 Empty project 19 A21 xl Savein Cy AR Project ene E Desktop My Documents x My Comput 4 pun DO Fie name Test Es E E Save as type Project Files ewp y Cancel My Network pus Figure 9 Save the project as Save the project as Figure 9 and now we can start the programming part in IAR EW 4 2 2 General Options Code Model Configuration the project setting otherwise file can t be realized by MCU Figure 10
25. s light ing intensity pressure and soil composition size of movement object speed and direction of a wide variety of phenomena in the ambient conditions 2 3 Low cost amp low power sensor Low cost sensor nodes are composed of a single chip with embedded memory processor and transceiver which thanks for hardware technology improvement Base on low power capacities sensor networks must include a large number of sensor nodes because limited coverage and communication range It is hard to re charge or replace the exhausted battery with wireless sensor network so maxi mum node network s work time is most important 4 2 4 CC2510 Development Kits The CC2510 is a true low cost 2 4 GHz system on chip SoC designed for low power wireless application It combines the excellent performance of the state of the art RF transceiver CC2500 with an industry standard enhanced 8051 MCU up to 32kB of in system programmable flash memory and 4kB of RAM and many other powerful features CC2510 is designed to offer wireless communications at 2 4GHz with a bit rate up to 500kBaud CC2510 has a highly integrated 8051 compatible microcontroller and up to 32kB of in system programmable flash memory 5 2 5 Development environment 2 computers installed windowsXP operating system at least 2GB free space hard disk a serial port 2 USB Universal Serial Bus port need to use in this project Software requirement IAR Embedded Workbench
26. se program and verify Write protect boot block C pud End verify Block debug commands incl read access C Verify against hexfile NB Cannot Append and verify when set C Read flash into hex4ile Perform actions Figurel6 TI SmartRF Programmer 24 C language HEX file HEX file TI Programmer CC2510 Figurel7 transferring flow chart As shown in figure 17 after finished the programming part IAR EW will compile the code and make it as HEX file then open TI programmer use this program mer to upload HEX file in MCU memory MCU can only read HEX file 4 4 TI SmartRF Studio After we connect our sniffer node to the computer by using USB open TI SmartRF studio 25 CC2531 2 4 GHz USB 202550 24 GHz Transmitter 345 3 List of connected devices Find device gt SmanRF04EB USB device ID 2d9F Firmware revision 0043 n gt 1 Connected device s 43 Texas Instruments Figurel8 TI SmartRF Studio It will automatically detect device which you connected make the highlight In Figure 18 CC2510 2 4GHz SoC is highlight it also displays connected device information at bottom list 26 File Settings View Evaluation Board Help Register View RF Parameters Easy Mode E Exper Moce pallii m ER Device reset SimpliciTI Ping packet High data rate 250 kbaud mman SimpliciTI Ping packet Low data rate 2 4 kbaud Packet TX Packet RX Ping Di H nd Pac
27. t by NODE 38 Typedef struct UNIT 6 len UNIT32 detAddr UNIT32 srcAddr UNITS tld UNITS linkld UNITI6 seqNo UNITS userPort dataFrame Code7 Design of DATA frame DATA frame is designed by using 8051 C language myData seqNo define packet Void init data my data len 13 my data dstAddr 0x80563412 my data srcAddr 0x79563412 my data tId 0x01 my data linkld 0 my data seqNo 0 39 my data userPort 0x20 Codes initial DATA fame Initialize DATA frame in our program 40 5 OUTCOME OF PROJECT Design timer and frame The timer and SYNC frame DATA frame structure can be used in my part ner s project Demo system running success Base on Wireless Sensor Network type my demo system composed by one purpose computer one sniffer device and two end devices At last 11 hours testing system works successful TIsniffer software captures frame matches Due to limited cell capacity we run this system in11 hours TI SmartRF snif fer captured over 15 000 packages 11hours x 3600sec ond Hue 7920 package S5second 7920 package x 2 15840 package In perfect state TI sniffer should capture 15840 packages SINK NODE But after counting the packages we captured we found that we only received 7913 SNYC frames and 7917 DATA frames That means 10 packages are lost during the transmission 41 6 CONCLUSIONS AND DISCUSSION By doing this project I learned a lot 1
28. ws that in actual communication sta tus the SYNC frame structure should be display like the picture above Application payload includes 2 rows which are Link ID and Sequence Number First row 01 means the Link ID is 01 second row 02 means the Sequence Number is 02 Sequence Number explains this frame is the second SYNC frame mySync seqNo Code4 increased sequence number In SYNC frame sequence number increase one by one 36 define SYNC 0x01 Typedef struct UNIT 8 len UNIT32 detAddr UNIT32 srcAddr UNITS tld UNITS linkId UNITI6 seqNo UNITS userPort JsyncFrame Codes define of SYNC frame SYNC frame defines define packet Void init sync mySync len 13 mySync dstAddr 0x79563412 mySync srcAddr 0x80563412 mySync tld 0x01 mySync linkId 0 mySync seqNo 0 37 mySync userPort 0x3d Code6 SYNC fame initialized Initialize SYNC frame in 8051 C language 4 8 DATA structure Length DSTADD SRCADD Transacti LinkID Sequence User Port on ID Number Figure 28 Design of DATA frame Figure 28 shows the values and length of DATA frame BO 56 34 12979 56 34 12 Figure 29 DATA frame Figure 29 was captured by TI sniffer its shows that in actual communication sta tus the DATA frame structure should be display like the picture above In DATA frame picture Sequence Number is 02 which means this is the second frame sen
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