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R&S FS-K96(PC) and -K196

1. DISPlay WINDow lt n gt SELect This command selects the screen in split screen mode Suffix lt n gt 1 2 Selects the screen number 1 screen A 2 screen B Example DISP WIND1 SEL Selects screen A Usage Event HCOPy I MMediate This command takes a screenshot of the current display contents The image file format is defined by MMEMory NAME on page 159 Example MMEM NAME C TEMP Screenshot bmp HCOP Writes a screenshot to C TEMP Screenshot bmp Usage Event MMEMory NAME lt Path gt This command defines the file name for screenshots taken with HCOPy IMMediate Note that you have to route the printer output to a file This command defines a destination file for the printout started with the command HCOPy IMMediate The graphic file format is determined by the file extension bmp gif jpg png or tif Display Settings Parameters lt Path gt String containing the path and name of the target file The extension may be as follows bmp gif jpg png Dt The file extension thus also defines the image file format If a file with the name already exists it will be overwritten Example MMEM NAME C TEMP Screenshot bmp Defines the name and image format Screenshot bmp for the next screenshot taken List of Commands SENSe COMPensate CHANNEL eege ENEE Ed ENEE dere EEN SEI Meed EE SENS6 DEMOd CD Disnei ses cavsc
2. Afterwards the signal can be loaded into the arbitrary waveform generator Set To Default Load Waveform k93 Clock Freq 11 200 000 000 MHz v Trigger Marker Auto e Clock Internal Figure 5 1 Arbitrary Waveform Generator of R amp S SMU200A 5 2 XML Configuration File Format The OFDM configuration can be stored in an xm1 format which contains all the nec essary information about the OFDM signal e g number of carriers used modulations pilot symbol positions etc In order to generate such a configuration file Rohde amp Schwarz provides the R amp S FS K96 Configuration File Wizard Provided that you already have a signal that you want to measure you can do a coarse timing synchronization of your signal Using this sam ple signal the R amp S FS K96 Configuration File Wizard helps you to extract the neces sary OFDM system parameters First capture the signal you want to measure and then go to MAIN DEMOD SET TINGS and select the System Description tab Then click on Generate Configura tion File Signal Description Demodulation Control System Configuration Ser SS Iv Generate Configuration File Configuration File Ei R amp S FS K96 K96PC K196 System Configuration File The following dialog will be shown which displays all necessary settings for a burst detection and coarse timing synchronization Configuration File Generation x M Input
3. In the short form without optional Keywords BAND 1MHZ would have the same effect as BWID 1MHZ 7 2 5 SCPI Parameters Many commands feature one or more parameters If acommand supports more than one parameter these are separated by a comma Example LAYout ADD WINDow Spectrum LEFT MTABle Parameters may have different forms of values N mene VAIS eegene deg eeneg 115 le EE 116 6 Character DIa EE 117 Character EN 117 Block Dala EE 117 7 2 5 1 Numeric Values Numeric values can be entered in any form i e with sign decimal point or exponent In case of physical quantities you can also add the unit If the unit is missing the com mand uses the basic unit 7 2 5 2 Introduction Example with unit SENSe FREQuency CENTer 1GHZ without unit SENSe FREQuency CENTer 1E9 would also set a frequency of 1 GHz Values exceeding the resolution of the instrument are rounded up or down If the number you have entered is not supported e g in case of discrete steps the command returns an error Instead of a number you can also set numeric values with a text parameter in special cases e MIN MAX Defines the minimum or maximum numeric value that is supported e DEF Defines the default value e UP DOWN Increases or decreases the numeric value by one step The step size depends on the setting In some cases you can customize the step size with a corresponding c
4. 1 3 Starting the Software gt Start the software with the desktop icon or select Programs gt R amp S OFDM Vec tor Signal Analysis Software in the Windows Start menu The R amp S FS K96 checks if all required components are installed on your com puter After that the actual GUI opens Software user interface The user interface of the R amp S FS K96 in its default state looks like this Rohde amp Schwarz FS K96 File h TE GENERAL c il Soch SETTINGS Capture Buffer DEMOD SETTINGS DISPLAY GRAPH List PowER A 1e 005 2 3 4e 005 5e 005 MKR me ms Constellation Diagram MISC statistic RUN SGL RUN CONT REFRESH SCREEN A Figure 1 1 Six Main Elements of the R amp S FS K96 Software 1 Header table The header table shows basic information like measurement frequency or capture length 2 Diagram The diagram contains the measurement results You can display the results in one or two win dows or screens Each window contains a header and the actual diagram area The header shows infor mation about the measurement displayed in that window The diagram area contains the measurement results 3 Status bar The status bar contains information about the current status of the measurement and the software 4 Hotkeys Hotkeys contains functionality to control the measurement process 5 Softkeys Softkeys contains functionality to configure and select measurement functions 6 Hardkeys Hard
5. General Settings Remote command SENSe 1IQ DITHer STATe on page 139 Digital UO Settings The Digital UO Settings contain settings to configure the digital UO input source The Digital UO Settings are part of the Advanced tab of the General Settings dia log box Primary Advanced Meas Digital IZQ Settings Input Sampling Rate 81 6 MHz Full Scale Voltage IM Digital Inpot Sampling RE 58 Pull Scale VONAGE E 58 Digital Input Sampling Rate Defines the data sample rate at the digital baseband input Available for spectrum analyzers with a digital UO input R amp S FSQ B17 or FSV B17 Remote command INPut DIQ SRATe on page 140 Full Scale Voltage Defines the voltage corresponding to the maximum input value of the digital baseband input Available for spectrum analyzers with a digital UO input R amp S FSQ B17 or FSV B17 Remote command INPut DIQ RANGe UPPer on page 139 Advanced Level Settings The Advanced Level Settings contain settings to define the leveling of the R amp S ana lyzer The Level Settings Advanced are part of the Advanced tab of the General Settings dialog box Primary Advanced Meas Level Settings Advanced Auto Level Track Time 100 ms RF Attenuation 10 dB El Attenuation Manual v oF x fow z d YIG Filter OFF 4 1 2 5 General Settings Auto Level TWACK TME EE 59 TE e EE 59 EE eet Eeer SEN 59 dE 59 Auto Level Track Time Auto
6. FS K96 K96PC K196 Measurements and Result Displays 3 3 2 Remote command CALC FEED POW CBUF TRACe DATA Power Spectrum The Power Spectrum display shows the power density spectrum of the complete cap ture buffer in dBm Hz e Press the Power softkey e Press the Power Spectrum softkey Power Spectrum Maximum 108 5 dB Minimum 10 0 10 Offset Frequency MHz Figure 3 5 Power Spectrum Display Remote command CALC FEED POW PSPE TRACe DATA Power Selection Opens a dialog box to filter the results that are displayed in the Power vs Symbol and Power vs Carrier result displays Power Selection E EI Smb PR Carrier All Figure 3 6 Power Evaluation Filter panel Note that if you use several screens it is not possible to have two different filters for the different screens EVM Measurements EVM VS age en E A0 EVM Ve EIER EEN Ee Eege een Ee A0 Erem Lean E T A A AEN 41 Error Freg Eege cona aa e EEE AE TR 41 STE DEET 42 User Manual 1310 0331 02 07 39 R amp S FS K96 K96PC K196 Measurements and Result Displays EVM vs Symbol x Carrier The EVM vs Symbol x Carrier display shows the EVM of each carrier in each symbol of the received signal frames in dB or depending on the unit settings Press the EVM softkey e Press the EVM vs Sym x Carrier softkey EVM vs Symbol x Carrier 0 Carrier Number Figure 3 7 EVM vs Symbol x Carrier Display The EVM values are represent
7. Gap Length 2 Symbols Burst Length JW Auto fioo Symbols Repetition Range E Auto Start Symbol 0 Stop Symbol ES 2 Data Symbols Jas Loaded DI M Data Source Refresh Save Signal Figure 5 11 Signal Generation Dialog of the R amp S FS K96 Configuration File Wizard In the dialog contains the following parameters for the generation of bursted signals Number of Bursts Specifies how many bursts are to be generated for the UO data file The file always starts with the ramp of the first burst Gap Length Specifies how many idle symbols are supposed to be between adjacent bursts Burst Length Specifies the length of one single burst If the burst length is set to automatic it will coincide with the length of one frame in the configuration file If the burst length is shorter than the frame length the last symbols of the frame will be XML Configuration File Format ignored for signal generation If the burst length is to be larger then the frame length it is recommended to specify a so called repetition range Repetition Range The repetition range can only be set if the burst length is larger than the specified frame length In this case the signal to be generated contains more data symbols then specified in the configuration file If the repetition range is set to automatic it will start with the first data symbol and end with the last symbol of the frame This functionality is especi
8. Measurement AllOGatiON Matrik sis secaavtescicessathczenetieest sreceetietenelaneasneres Automatic level detection Capture Buffer Channel Flatness s Channel Impulse Response c ce eeeeeeeeeeeee 44 Complementary Cumulative Distribution Function CCDF E Constellation Diagram Constellation vs Carrier Constellation vs Symbol Demodulation report Error Freg PHASE ssi inscescnsiocsnnethassarencvacensvaecdecesiuerrsy EVM yS Camie seoir tsuenen aR EVMI VS SymMDOl viccts coc iiiar airan 41 EVM vs Symbol X Carriere 40 Group KE EE 43 le E ve 30 Power Spectrum E Power vs Carrier wie OE Power vs Symbol ssseeseeeee seit Power vs Symbol X Carrier 43 00 Eed EE 47 SEAMING EE 20 MGASULCMOINS seisine a oa 33 O OFDM hee eeng E ATEA 78 P Preamble Symbol Characteristics ceceeeeeeeeeeees 68 Q QUICK STAN ET 17 R Reference Level sccteteienccthcinatevsteeietcreestecnt eave avs 52 Remote commands Basics ON SYMAX isseveicverdsscetsiecvastsessiesceesteseseveneseets Boolean values Capitalization Character data Data le EE Neger dER dEr Optional keywords SE EE ul es EE TEN Suffixes Remote Control Result summary ma RF AHENUAUOM EE S SEIN PING RAC roun nedi a OE 51 E e EE 28 Settings Demodulation General D Measurement tis cacacscaccccacsesdecsavatsivecseceaccssaane
9. lt State gt This command turns the dithering signal on and off The dithering signal is located at 42 67 MHz has a bandwidth of 2 MHz and is fed into the signal path of the baseband input The command is available for spectrum analyzers with an analog baseband input R amp S FSQ B71 Parameters lt State gt ON OFF RST OFF Example IQ DITH ON Turns on the dithering signal Manual operation See Dither on page 57 SENSe IQ LPASs STATe lt State gt This command turns a 36 MHz lowpass filter on and off The command is available for spectrum analyzers with an analog baseband input R amp S FSQ B71 Parameters lt State gt ON OFF RST ON 1V Example TQ LPAS ON Turns on the lowpass filter Manual operation See Lowpass on page 57 Digital UO Input INPUE BIO RANGE UPP WE 139 NPU DIGO SRA Torea beens aa gaa bends andvcensvacdspewatteaspedacdcassauien Taaa aaa aA DAT S 140 INPut DIQ RANGe UPPer lt Range gt This command defines the full scale level of the digital baseband input The command is available for spectrum analyzers with digital UO input R amp S FSQ B17 or FSV B17 7 7 4 Parameters lt Range gt Example Manual operation Advanced Settings RST 1V Default unit V INP DIQ RANG 1 4 Defines a full scale level of 1 4 V See Full Scale Voltage on page 58 INPut DIQ SRATe lt SampleRate gt This command defines the sampling rate for the digital baseba
10. structure Optional definition of a repetitive pre amble symbol for time synchroniza tion iNfft int32 Number of samples in one FFT block 256 iNg int32 Number of samples in the cyclic pre fix block iNOfSymbols int32 Number of symbols described by this system definition This is also the maximum result range 100 meStructure INOfSymbols X iNfft matrix of int8 Time Frequency matrix containing the type of each cell in the OFDM system 0 Zero 1 Pilot 2 Data 3 Don t Care 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 0 0 vstDataConst Array of stCon stellation Array of constellation structures one constellation structure for each data constellation viDataConstPtr Vector of uint8 For each Data entry in meStructure this vector contains the number of the constellation used for the data cell meStructure is evaluated row wise 0 0 1 1 2 2 vfcPilot Vector of com plex float32 For each Pilot entry in meStructure this vector contains the complex pilot value meStructure is evaluated row wise 1 j 1 j 1 1 14 1 14 tj 1 3j 1 j eAnalysisMode uint8 Waveform type OFDM 0 GFDM 1 UFMC 2 Structure stPreamble preamble symbol to the first sample of the first symbol defined in the allocation matrix Parameter Type Meaning Example iBlockLength int32 Length of the re
11. Constellation vs Symbol on page 45 See CCDF on page 46 See Signal Flow on page 47 DISPlay WINDow lt n gt TABLe lt State gt This command turns the result summary on and off Parameters lt State gt RST OFF Example DISP WIND1 TABL ON Turns on the result summary Graphical Results e Using the TRACe DATA COmMand cccscissccciccccecccsiscuesscctednia cetaatessinetaaeieaavens 120 Using the TRACe DATA Command This chapter contains information on the TRACe DATA command and a detailed description of the characteristics of that command The TRACe DATA command queries the trace data or results of the currently active measurement or result display The type number and structure of the return values are specific for each result display In case of results that have any kind of unit the com mand returns the results in the unit you have currently set for that result display For several result displays the command also supports various SCPI parameters in combination with the query If available each SCPI parameter returns a different aspect of the results If SCPI parameters are supported you have to quote one in the query Example TRAC DATA TRACE1 Measurements The format of the return values is either in ASCII or binary characters and depends on the format you have set with FORMat DATA on page 156 Following this detailed description you will find a short summary of the most important functions
12. 136 7 7 Advanced Settings vvsicccsccccissccecscccctbessecsacece sects sesdecessecceszeceesseceesssieseteenedsseeesedbeceeensvees 137 K GN WOSSOUINOS EE 137 Ze Analog Baseband Iopgt seet dree enno anii iee EE 138 K e Digital Bn 139 TTA Advanced Level Settings See EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEeen 140 TB Measurement Settings CNR cites cecsccecesscceiestecevctedceseteessceesveesdscestevesscecsettdcesstavees 142 TBA MONS E 142 782 ENV Meeeccnersvvvecccessneeatlaneviencvniiiives died ni ani a dea e ANTE Saria EE EE 145 1 9 Signal DeScriptlONiss cccccicccccceescevescescsesccter cc cectees EERENEEEEESSEEEEEEEEEEREENEREEEEENEKER EE Seke 146 7 9 4 System Configuration serecccciiesccccddneecteeneendivavenecccntivee dE Ku NACE iA DEANE 146 7 9 2 Symbol Characteristics sissies iiris asaini eiii aiaiai i a 147 T93 Fiter Characlensl CSi daoin eaaa Siea UEA AEE SENE E eE EE 149 7 9 4 Preamble Symbol Characteristics cccccccccececeeeeeeeeeceeeeeeeeeeeceneeeeseaeeeseeeeesseeeseaeees 150 7 10 Demodulation Control s icccisciccecccessccseceees secs cede ssececevessccee ceestscee cezeaseceeceactsceescvesssnceeds 151 FAO General SCUuINGS ehciivesssccvesvssescceeevandveveseeeecevsveaneescudea bate ENEE ENN daa TANE deg NEEE EEEE 151 T102 Synchronization SettiNGSs ssccccseeccceseveescevserveawcceveveeneceysuvenscevveevercecthevsieded teehee dateebenees 152 7 10 3 7 10 4 7 11 7 12 Compensation SettiNGS Etude de
13. 158 7 1 Remote Control Setup Before you can remote control the software you have to set up a connection between the software and the remote scripting tool MATLAB is an example of a remote scripting tool Because the R amp S FS K96 runs on a computer not an instrument you have to con nect the scripting tool to the computer 1 Start the R amp S FS K96 2 Optional Connect the R amp S FS K96 to an analyzer or oscilloscope 3 Start the remote scripting tool 4 Connect your remote scripting tool to the local host e g TCPIP localhost Introduction j RF OUTPUT OFDM Vector Signal Analysis Software R amp S Signal Analyzer RF INPUT TCPIP localhost Figure 7 1 Example Setup for Remote Controlling the FS K96 Software Enabling remote control Before you can use remote control functionality you also have to enable it in the soft ware 1 Press the SETUP key 2 Press the Remote Control Settings softkey The R amp S FS K96 opens a dialog box 3 Select Enable Remote Control Enable Remote Control Remote control example The R amp S FS K96 is delivered with a file that contains a remote control script The file is is a MATLAB script with the name remote_example m It is located in the directory Application path TOOLS MATLAB 7 2 Introduction Commands are program messages that a controller e g a PC sends to the instru ment or software They operate its f
14. 2 The symbol number is the row index of a time frequency matrix The first symbol gets the number 0 The total area of a time frequency matrix is called Frame A frame is the highest level unit used in the OFDM VSA General Information on Signal Types Carrier No gt Symbol No Figure 6 5 Time Frequency Matrix Allocation Matrix The allocation matrix defines the complete frame and subclassifies the OFDM system into e Pilot cells e Data cells e Don t Care cells e Zero cells Pilot cells contain known values and are used for various synchronization and parame ter estimation purposes Data cells contain the user data or payload of the transmis sion The modulation format of the data cells must be known or can be estimated in a modulation estimation block Don t care regions are cells that aren t evaluated for EVM measurement but contain signal power Finally zero cells contain no signal power at all Typically these are guard carriers around DC or at the edges of the carrier axis R amp S FS K96 K96PC K196 Measurements in Detail f DC Carrier Guard carriers Midamble Data Pilots Don t Care Zeros Figure 6 6 Example of an Allocation Matrix Pilot Matrix A pilot matrix contains known complex numbers in the matrix cells which are defined as pilot cells in the allocation matrix Within the
15. EE 71 e Compensation Gettings EE 72 e sAOVANCCE SOUING EE 73 General Settings The General Demodulation Settings contain settings to control the position and length of the OFDM frame in the capture buffer The General Demodulation Settings are part of the Demodulation Control tab of the Demod Settings dialog box Signal Description Demodulation Control M General Settings Burst Search I Max Frames to Analyze IT Result Length 0 Symbols Burst SONG DEE 71 Maximum Frames EE 71 EE e VE 71 Burst Search Burst Search specifies whether the demodulator shall search for power bursts before time synchronization If enabled the successive demodulation steps are restricted to the signal areas which contain significant power For continuous signals this parameter has to be disabled Remote command SENSe DEMod FORMat BURSt on page 151 Maximum Frames to Analyze Max Frames to Analyze specifies the maximum number of frames which are ana lyzed within one capture buffer Remote command SENSe DEMod FORMat MAXFrames on page 152 Result Length Result Length specifies the number of analyzed symbols in one frame This number must be equal or lower than the Frame Length specified in the System Description menu In order to guarantee stable demodulation its lower limit is 4 Remote command SENSe DEMod FORMat NOFSymbols on page 152 Synchronization Settings The Synchronization Setting
16. EVM Normalize EVM to RMS Pilots amp Data e Frame Averaging Mean Square e Normalize EVM to Normalize EVM to specifies the OFDM cells which are averaged to get the reference magnitude for EVM normalization see Chapter 6 3 1 Error Vector Magnitude EVM on page 110 for details Available values RMS Pilots amp Data RMS Data RMS Pilots Peak Pilots amp Data Peak Data Peak Pilots None Remote command SENSe DEMod EVMCalc NORMalize on page 145 Frame Averaging Frame Averaging specifies the method of averaging over multiple OFDM frames used to get the mean EVM values in the result list Frame Averaging Averaged EVM over N frames Mean Square 1 Wa Y EVM N i 0 RMS 1 N 1 Y EVM N i 0 Mean square averaging is consistent with the EVM calculation within one frame How ever some standards e g 802 11a require RMS averaging Available values Mean Square RMS 4 1 3 3 4 2 4 2 1 4 2 1 1 Demodulation Settings Remote command SENSe DEMod EVMCalc FAVerage on page 145 Error Frequency Phase The Error Frequency Phase Settings contain settings to configure frequency and phase error measurements The Error Frequency Phase settings are part of the Meas tab of the General Set tings dialog box Primary Advanced Meas Error Frequency Phase Number of Symbols 9 Number of Symbols Number of Symbols specifies the number of sym
17. Fiar e DE 70 elen Dn E le EE 70 Filter Type Filter Type shows the type of filter that is applied for the measurement In case of GFDM waveforms you can select an RC raised cosine or RRC root raised cosine filter In case of UFMC waveforms the filter is always a Chebyshev filter Filter selection is not available for OFDM waveforms Remote command UFMC not supported GFDM SENSe DEMod GFDM FILTer TYPE on page 150 Roll Off Roll Off defines the roll off or weighting factor for the filter Available for GFDM waveforms Remote command SENSe DEMod GFDM FILTer ROFactor on page 149 Overlapping Overlapping defines the width of the subcarrier filter in the frequency domain Available for GFDM waveforms Remote command SENSe DEMod GFDM FILTer OLAPping on page 149 Filter Length Filter Length defines the length of the applied filter in samples Available for UFMC waveforms Remote command SENSe DEMod UFMC FILTer LENGth on page 150 Stop Band Attenuation Stop Band Attenuation defines a sidelobe magnitude relative to the mainlobe magni tude in dB Remote command SENSe DEMod UFMC FILTer SBATten on page 150 Demodulation Control The Demodulation Control contains advanced demodulation settings The Demodulation Control tab is part of the Demod Settings dialog box 4 2 2 1 4 2 2 2 Demodulation Settings EE ue E 71 SYNCHONIZAUON SoS
18. Figure 6 12 Transmitter principle General Information on Signal Types 6 1 3 UFMC The UFMC waveform Universal Filtered Multicarrier is a non orthogonal asynchro nous multicarrier waveform It allows efficient transmission of any data sizes small packets as well as large packets the systems adjust the number of used subcarriers depending on the packet size and is thus very flexible The advantage is that you do not have to use the complete bandwidth to transmit small packet data but can if required for large packets Subcarriers are bundled into several sub bands These sub bands in turn all have an equal size which prevents aliasing Non contiguous sub bands as well as contiguous sub bands are supported The distinctive feature of this approach is to apply individual filters each with their own filter characteristics to a group of adjacent subcarriers or a sub band This approach has the advantage of reducing out of band emissions and intercarrier interference It thus allows to use the frequency spectrum more efficiently less carrier spacing etc ch Sub Band 1 Sub Band 2 Sub Band 3 Figure 6 13 Structure of a UFMC waveform UFMC in the time domain In the time domain filter ramps a kind of cyclic prefix or guard period provide protec tion of intersymbol interference The filter ramps are present at the tail end of a symbol and at the beginning of a symbol Data Filter ramps Figure 6 14 Frame structure o
19. GPIB e P Address or Computer Name Name or host address TCP IP of the computer Available for LAN bus systems using either the VXI 11 protocol or a Rohde amp Schwarz specific protocol RSIB The interface type is either LAN VXI 11 or LAN RSIB Contact your local IT support for information on free IP addresses The RSIB protocol is supported by all firmware version of the R amp S analyzers and oscilloscopes The VXI 11 protocol is supported as of R amp S FSQ firmware version 3 65 and by all firmware version of the R amp S FSV R R amp S FSG and oscilloscopes e Complete VISA Resource String Allows you to enter the complete VISA resource string manually A VISA string is made up out of the elements mentioned above separated by double colons e g GPIB 20 INSTR Available for interface type Free Entry Subsystem Shows the subsystem in use Typically you do not have to change the subsystem VISA RSC Shows or defines the complete VISA resource string Instrument Connection SCPI command CONFigure ADDRess lt analyzer gt on page 130 Test Connection Button that tests the connection If the connection has been established successfully the software returns a PASSED message If not it shows a FAILED message 2 1 2 Figuring Out IP Addresses Each of the supported instruments logs its network connection information in a different place Find instructions on how to find out the necessary informatio
20. Required Components The R amp S FS K96 OF DM Vector Signal Analysis Software needs some additonal sofware components t run propery Follow the steps belger Microsoft NET Framework Version 2 0 D heck for NET instalied exe ssage box tets you NET Framework is instabed or not INET is not installed NET Framework Installer exe and follow the instuctons stalling ep ed e Start fe mstalaton of gl required components by us RAS F rarnework instater ene A dialog box lists ali required components Check the kaon State of he components you wart to install ifthe componert is Ready to install 8 can be installed by just selecting Me component wiih fe checkbox in the frst column and clicking Install selected components aterwards ithe component is Ready to download the Framework Installer cannol fnd the installation fie on a local hard drive You need to download the component and instal ft manualy e Install he missing components wih the install selected components button stall VISA His necessary to install VISA Virtual Instrument Software Architecture to access instruments connected to the PC via EEE or LAN bus Please use the National Instrenents WSA e The Natonal instrument VISA driver CD is suppiied together with the R amp S FSPC You can Ven Nip Dever ni comiisa to gel the tatest version for your operating system 2 Install NET Framework 3 Install other required components MATLAB etc 4 Install
21. Result Displays 3 3 3 Channel Measurements Ghamel el Ee 43 e ele E 43 Channel Impulse te EE 44 Channel Flatness The Channel Flatness display shows the amplitude of the channel transfer function vs carrier The statistic is performed over all analyzed frames e Press the Channel softkey e Press the Flatness softkey Channel Flatness Maximum 0 08 dB Minimum 0 13 0 Carrier Number Figure 3 13 Channel Flatness Display Remote command CALC FEED CHAN FLAT TRACe DATA Group Delay The Group Delay display shows the relative group delay of the transmission channel The statistic is performed over all analyzed frames e Press the Channel softkey e Press the Group Delay softkey Group Delay Maximum 1 500r Minimum 27 0 Carrier Number User Manual 1310 0331 02 07 43 R amp S FS K96 K96PC K196 Measurements and Result Displays Remote command CALC FEED CHAN GDEL TRACe DATA Channel Impulse Response The Channel Impulse Response display shows the impulse response of the channel and its position within the guard interval The start and the end of the guard interval are marked with blue lines The statistic is performed over all analyzed frames e Press the Channel softkey e Press the Impulse Response softkey Impulse Response Maximum Minimum 0 Time us Figure 3 14 Channel Impulse Response Display Remote command CALC FEED CHAN IRES TRACe DATA 3 3 4 Constell
22. Settings Input Path File sl M Data Capture Settings Frequency 1 GHz Sampling Rate 20 MHz Capture Time 5 ms M General Demodulation Settings Burst Search Vv Result Length 100 OFDM Symbol Characteristics FFT Length IS Samples Cyclic Prefix Length 16 Samples Visualization e tee T Time ms Run Single Refresh Start R amp S FS K96 Configuration File Wizard Figure 5 2 Necessary Settings to Prepare the Data for the R amp S FS K96 Configuration File Wizard Enter the necessary settings and use the Refresh button to check whether your Time Sync is accurate Furthermore if your signal is bursted enter the correct number of symbols per frame i e ensure that the green bar in the capture buffer preview covers the whole burst Figure 5 3 Correct User Manual 1310 0331 02 07 85 XML Configuration File Format Figure 5 4 Incorrect Subsequently you can start the R amp S FS K96 Configuration File Wizard by clicking on the lower button It will then start preconfigured with your current signal and settings Rohde amp Schwarz FS K96 Configuration File Wizard File Edt Settings Help Step by Step M Get a hint _ General Information SelB IE eE a tel Lien e Sene Wae ejo o Number of Symbols 100 Systern Name MyData Repeat Steps 5 and 6 until all cells are allocated Dese Number OFS Constellation View Matrix View Legen
23. SymbO Carrier1 gt lt I F1 Symb0 Carrier n gt lt Q F1 SymbO Car rier n gt lt I F1 Symb1 Carrier1 gt lt Q F1 Symb1 Carrier1 gt lt I F1 Symb1 Carrier n gt lt Q F1 Symb1 Car rier n gt lt I F n Symb n Carrier1 gt lt Q F n Symb n Carrier1 gt lt I F n Symb n Carrier n gt lt Q F n Symb n Carrier n gt Measurements With F frame and Symb symbol of that subframe The and Q values have no unit The number of return values depends on the constellation selection The following parameters are supported Parameters TRACE1 and TRACE2 contain the evaluated cells with the constellation selection applied These are the constellation points as shown in the result display Parameters TRACE3 and TRACE4 contain all cells of the OFDM frames No of Sym bols x FFT Length complex numbers e TRACE1 Returns all constellation points included in the selection e TRACE2 Returns the constellation points for the reference symbols included in the selection e TRACE3 Returns the constellation points for all OFDM symbols No of Symbols x FFT Length e TRACE4 Returns the constellation points for all reference OFDM symbols No of Symbols x FFT Length EVM vs Carrier For the EVM vs Carrier result display the command returns one value for each carrier that has been analyzed lt EVM gt The unit depends on UNIT EVM The following parameters are
24. The R amp S FSV R opens a dialog box that contains information about the LAN con nection Q Current Network Parameters DHCP Mode Actual DHCP Network Settings 10 114 11 36 current IP Address assigned by DHCP 255 255 0 0 current Subnet Mask assigned by DHCP Instrument Connection 2 1 2 3 Figuring Out the Address of an R amp S FSW Follow these steps to figure out the GPIB or IP address of an R amp S FSW Figuring Out the GPIB address 1 Press the SETUP key 2 Press the Network Remote softkey The R amp S FSW opens the Network amp Remote dialog box 3 Select the GPIB tab The R amp S FSW shows information about the GPIB connection including the GPIB address Network GPIB Compatibility LXI GPIB Address 20 Figuring Out the IP address 1 Press the SETUP key 2 Press the Network Remote softkey The R amp S FSW opens the Network amp Remote dialog box and shows its current IP address in the corresponding field Network GPIB Compatibility LXI Computer Name Mu717180 IP Address 10 113 11 154 2 1 2 4 Figuring Out the Address of an R amp S RTO Follow these steps to figure out the network address of an R amp S RTO gt Press the SETUP key The R amp S RTO opens a dialog box that contains general information about the sys tem Software Configuration System Screen SW Options HW Options Remote Settings LXI Setup Instrument firmware versions
25. TrupentTVR cvssssccecssscvievsese caqcecse easevaccessauehesecustevecescasecavtacsssveects corestbeatsassvecescesassncatiaaesecs CONFigure POW er AUTO EE CONFIgUrS POWETAUTO SWEEp UE CONFigure PREample BLENI irispena rasakeun nonpas AESA EONI ia TA TEN EENIA VEAP dE EE SSE CONFig re PREamble FOFF Selakto e a n A i aa EONkionrebab iekK EE Hee ee CONFigure SYSTeEmM MANUA l sisirin ccasssssnssvcecsevsesossnevactecoasevscsescaweustavss PAVEN PLAEAS ESEESE TESINI ENT NIERA CONFigure SY MBol GUARG IMOD EB ivvcssticeces sack decedvtdecesuctscactwesensseverctosudtaistecibevouruiigdonteedaieveedusetedutensetvesnes CONFigure SY MBol GUARG PERIOGIC siciiissccescineuerseltapiccsatior a a a EEA CONFigure SYMBol GUARd lt guardnum gt NSYMbols CONFigure SY MBOI NFF ET CONFig rel SYMBolENGUardsguardhuUm sssaaa eebe SEENEN DISPlay ee E RUE GEERT Ou RE RUE AER E TABLE maisina a aa n DilSblavtWiN ow nzTRACectGTSCALelbRlEvelOEtF Get 133 DISPlay WINDow lt n gt TRACe lt t gt Y SCALe RLEVel RF te FETCh SUMMary CRESEMAXIMUMN sssccsenecitatvcai neni in inna teint niandinin tines agiaraiia FETCH SUMMary CRESEMINIMUN enezennon E E E ESEE 127 FETCH SUMMary CRESIAVERa QE Zranenie a a aae 127 FETCh SUMMary EVM DATA MAXIMUMN Karo rosaa a RE EEEE TENi 127 FETChH SUMMarnyiEVM DATA MINIMUIM sescccscccencesnacsescqeneencescceceasnsequsnenerncenestecsoqenesncesceaneadessopsanncenqesespeaseess 127 FETChH SUMMary EVM DATAPAVERAQ6E
26. analyzer the pilot matrix is correlated with the received time frequency matrix to get the frame start and the frequency offset of the received signal relative to the given allocation matrix User Manual 1310 0331 02 07 General Information on Signal Types f t f bi Pilots Figure 6 7 Example of a Pilot Matrix Constellation Vector A constellation vector contains all possible numbers in the complex plane that belong to a specific modulation format Constellation vectors must be defined for each possi ble data modulation format The magnitude within the constellation vectors must be scaled according to the pilot matrix One entry in the constellation vector is called con stellation point Differential modulation is not supported The respective absolute modulation scheme must be used instead e g QPSK instead of DQPSK Periodically rotated constella tions are not supported The set union of all constellations must be used instead e g 8PSK instead of Pl 4 DQPSk Constellation Point Figure 6 8 QPSK Constellation Vector General Information on Signal Types Modulation Matrix A modulation matrix contains numbers to the underlying constellation vector for each cell which is defined as data cell in the allocation matrix Clusters of data cells with the same modulation therefore share the same number A data cell can also contain an unused number that is a number for which no constellation vect
27. attributes of the signal to be measured The Data Capture Settings are part of the Primary tab of the General Settings dia log box Primary Advanced Meas Data Capture Settings Frequency 1 GHz Sampling Rate 20 MHz Capture Time 20 ms Ste TT 51 Tu ee EN Capture NEE 52 Frequency Defines the frequency of the signal you are about to measure The frequency range depends on the instrument you are using Remote command SENSe FREQuency CENTer on page 131 Sampling Rate Defines the system sampling rate of the signal you are about to measure 4 1 1 3 General Settings The sampling rate range depends on the instrument you are using Remote command TRACe 1Q SRATe on page 132 Capture Time Defines the amount of data that is captured with one sweep and stored in the capture buffer The capture time range depends on the instrument you are using Remote command SENSe SWEep TIME on page 131 Level Settings The Level Settings contain general settings to define the power leveling of the R amp S analyzer The Level Settings are part of the Primary tab of the General Settings dialog box Primary Advanced Meas Level Settings Reference Level Auto Level IV D dBm Ext Attenuation 0 dB TEE 52 Reference Levell Signal Peak Level ois sctes saaadaessadeeien aeaiia REESEN 52 External Sea eege EEN EEN 53 Auto Level Turns automatic determination of the reference level or signal
28. be urenstafied manually via Add or Remove Software in the Windows Control Panel Before uninstalling fe components make sure that no other sofware uses one of the components 1 Install the analysis software gt Click on the install the R amp S FS K96 link in the main window of the browser tool The browser tool starts a program OFDM Vector Signal Analysis Software Version lt x x gt exe that installs the software on your system The installer performs the following actions e Install the R amp S FS K96 software including an uninstall tool e Create a Windows Start Menu entry Programs gt R amp S OFDM Vector Analysis Software e Create a shortcut on the desktop optional e If necessary the software will specifically ask you to set the required environment variables gt Start the software via the Windows Start Menu entry or the shortcut on the desk top Installing the Software Checking the installation After the installation is finished you chan check if the functionality of the software is fully available You can perform this test without a license in Demo Mode 1 2 Start the software Press the Demod Settings softkey The R amp S FS K96 opens the Signal Description tab of the Demodulation Set tings dialog box Press the button to select a configuration file Signal Description Demodulation Control System Configuration Manual Configuration T Generate Confi
29. color of the software by default is black Apply another color via the Background Color softkey and the corresponding dialog box 2 4 2 4 1 Data Management Hardcopy For documentation purposes the software provides a hardcopy function that lets you save the current results in one of the following formats bmp e gif e jpeg png e tiff Use the Hardcopy to Clipboard function to take a screenshot SCPI command MMEMory NAME on page 159 HCOPy IMMediate on page 159 Data Management The R amp S FS K96 allows you to import and export various types of data to and from a file The necessary functionality is part of the File menu SUN E 28 e DG a a aaa S aaa ides 29 Demod lation DATA WEE 31 DT E 32 Settings The R amp S FS K96 allows you to save the current measurement settings Saving set tings is an easy way to use the same configuration again at a later time Exporting settings 1 Press the FILE key 2 Press the Save Settings softkey The R amp S FS K96 opens a dialog box to define the file name SCPI command MMEMory STORe STATe on page 158 Restoring settings 1 Press the FILE key 2 4 2 Data Management 2 Press the Recall Settings softkey The R amp S FS K96 opens a dialog box to select a configuration file 3 Alternatively drag and drop a file on the software user interface SCPI command MMEMory LOAD STATe on page 157 The file format for settings is ovsa U
30. direction can be limited by a control parameter Pilot Aided Block The pilot aided block within the signal processing chain uses the predefined pilot cells for parameter estimation and subsequent compensation of the signal impairments It starts with maximum likelihood estimation of the remaining frequency error and sample clock offset While a frequency error leads to a phase offset linearly increasing with time the clock offset introduces an additional phase error linearly increasing with fre quency The estimator determines the most probable parameters that lead to the phase offsets observed on the pilot cells The resulting offset values are compensated in the frequency domain by re rotating the phase of the R matrix However for severe clock offsets it can be necessary to resample the received signal in the time domain and repeat the FFT stage The subsequent channel estimator determines the channel transfer function at the known pilot positions and uses interpolation to get a complete frequency response vec tor for all subcarriers Since the presented measurement system is intended for station ary channels the interpolation is performed along the frequency direction only The node values on the frequency axis are determined by averaging all available pilots of each subcarrier over time Depending on the layout of the pilots on the frequency axis an interpolation filter bank with optimum Wiener filter coefficients is calculated in adva
31. entschieden Sie erhalten damit ein nach modernsten Fer tigungsmethoden hergestelltes Produkt Es wurde nach den Regeln unserer Qualitats und Umweltmanagementsysteme entwickelt gefertigt und gepruft Rohde amp Schwarz ist unter ande rem nach den Managementsys temen ISO 9001 und ISO 14001 zertifiziert Der Umwelt verpflichtet 1 Energie effiziente RoHS konforme Produkte 1 Kontinuierliche Weiterentwicklung nachhaltiger Umweltkonzepte 1 ISO 14001 zertifiziertes Umweltmanagementsystem Dear customer You have decided to buy a Rohde amp Schwarz product This product has been manufactured using the most advanced meth ods It was developed manufac tured and tested in compliance with our quality management and environmental manage ment systems Rohde amp Schwarz has been certified for exam ple according to the ISO 9001 and ISO 14001 management systems Environmental commitment 1 Energy efficient products 1 Continuous improvement in environmental sustainability 1 ISO 14001 certified environmental management system Certified Quality System ISO 9001 Certified Environmental System ISO 14001 Cher client Vous avez choisi d acheter un produit Rohde amp Schwarz Vous disposez donc d un produit fabriqu d apr s les m thodes les plus avanc es Le d velop pement la fabrication et les tests de ce produit ont t effec tu s selon nos syst mes de management de qualit et de managemen
32. error lei EE 129 FE TCh SUMMarv OUADerrort AVERagef A 129 FETCH SUMMancSE RRO MAXIMU enee ENEE NNN eben nid 129 FETCh SUMMary SERROE MINIMUM ccoin A E AEA 129 FETCH SUMMary SERROMAV ERAGE ai i eaaa eE E E a EE Ea 129 FETCh SUMMary CRESt MAXimum FETCh SUMMary CRESt MINimum FETCh SUMMary CRESt AVERage This command queries the Crest Factor result Parameters lt CrestFactor gt Crest factor in dB Example FETC SUMM CRES Returns Crest Factor in dB Usage Query only FETCh SUMMary EVM ALL MAXimum FETCh SUMMary EVM ALL MINimum FETCh SUMMary EVM ALL AVERage This command returns the EVM over all data and pilot cells in the analyzed frame The unit depends on UNIT EVM Parameters lt EVM gt Example FETC SUMM EVM Returns mean EVM Usage Query only FETCh SUMMary EVM DATA MAXimum FETCh SUMMary EVM DATA MINimum FETCh SUMMary EVM DATA AVERage This command queries the EVM over all data cells in the analyzed frame The unit depends on UNIT EVM Parameters lt EVM gt Example FETC SUMM EVM DATA Returns mean data EVM value Usage Query only Measurements FETCh SUMMary EVM PILot MAXimum FETCh SUMMary EVM PILot MINimum FETCh SUMMary EVM PILot AVERage This command queries the EVM over all pilot cells in the analyzed frame The unit depends on UNIT EVM Parameters lt EVM gt Example FETC SUMM EVM PIL Returns mean pilot EVM
33. frame Anaka EE 64 ETUDE 64 COMON Pike ici ones nana arene cilnattere dees ATAS 64 Configuration with WiZard 00ccccccccecceeeeeecce cence eeeaaeeeeeeeeeeaaeeseenaeesaaesseaeeesecaeeseseeeeaes 65 Analysis Mode Analysis Mode selects the type of multicarrier waveform you would like to test The following signal types are supported e OFDM For more information about OFDM waveforms see Chapter 6 1 1 OFDM on page 96 e GFDM For more information about GFDM waveforms see Chapter 6 1 2 GFDM on page 103 e UFMC For more information about UFMC waveforms see Chapter 6 1 3 UFMC on page 104 The waveform you select determines the parameters that are available in the Demod ulation dialog box Signal Description and Demodulation Control tabs Remote command SENSe DEMod AMODe on page 146 Manual Configuration Manual Configuration allows to specify an FDM system without using a system con figuration file The basic FDM parameters can be entered manually If manual configu ration is enabled no frame synchronization can be performed EVM or Channel mea surements are not available The constellation diagram will still show a rotation Remote command CONFigure SYSTem MANual on page 146 Configuration File Configuration File allows loading a configuration file which defines the specific FDM system Pressing opens a file manager The configuration file contains the system name and a syst
34. lt Offset gt This command defines the maximum allowed carrier offset for frame synchronization Parameters lt Offset gt Frequency offset in terms of sub carriers RST 0 Example SENS DEM COFF 2 Defines a frequency offset of two subcarriers Manual operation See Maximum Carrier Offset on page 74 7 11 File Management Lat eae ees acteonvts det ends n bed aeinccat in asdadaanina inde dntanstentnetantnoieds 156 MMEMON Be ere 156 MMEMbryiLOADHO STAT VE 157 MIMEMOR Dee e NEE 157 MMEMOory STORe DEMOG STATG 2 eciiieccnvis anaa na NER EE aa aiii 157 MMEMOory STORE TO STA VE 158 MMEMOry S TOR amp STAT Oie ioiii aannaaien niapi npaka EENEG NES 158 FORMat DATA lt Format gt FORMat DATA lt Format gt This command specifies the data format for the data transmission between the R amp S FS K96 and the remote client Parameters for setting and query lt Format gt ASCii ASCII format returns a list of values separated by commas Empty fields are labeled NaN REAL Binary REAL 32 format returns the data in block format accord ing to IEEE 488 2 The data is arranged in lists of 32 bit IEEE 754 floating point numbers RST ASCii Example FORM REAL Selects the Real32 data format MMEMory LOAD CFGFile lt Path gt This command restores an OFDM configuration file File Management For more information see Chapter 5 1 Matlab Configuration File Format on page 75 and Chapter 5 2 XML Config
35. measurement results The statistic is performed over all analyzed frames within the capture buffer Result Summary Frames Symbols per Frame Figure 3 23 Result Summary Display The Result Summary display is selected by pressing the DISPLAY LIST softkey which is available in all main measurement menus and submenus SCPI command see Chapter 7 4 4 Numerical Results on page 126 User Manual 1310 0331 02 07 49 General Settings 4 Settings This section describes the General Settings dialog box where all settings related to the overall measurement i e Data Capture Settings Input Level Trigger Input Settings can be modified 4 1 General Settings This section describes the General Settings panel where all settings related to the overall measurement i e Data Capture Trigger and Input settings can be modified The General Settings softkey opens the General Settings dialog box with three tabs Primary Advanced and Meas To see the content of the tabs as shown below click on one of the tabs Primary Advanced Meas Figure 4 1 Tabs in General Settings Dialog For a detailed description of the primary advanced and measurement settings see below e Pona SENS ss xiceccsaesivessicSteesi tis tacked ide incgedeataddeedaathaviegssdvhagivaiedgeagiieiiadtlaienak 50 EE E ci tas sede eccgscectettisaahdeacies atudanieis decane valsandebeiddaadariedsiiaasts dadeaeiadatias 56 e Measurem
36. of the analyzed frame Graphical Results The R amp S FS K96 provides the following graphical result displays Power measurements e Power vs Symbol X Carrier Evaluates the power profile of all cells in the analyzed frame e Power vs Carrier Evaluates the power of all carriers in the analyzed frame averaged over the sym bols e Power vs Symbol Graphical Results Evaluates the power of all symbols in the analyzed frame averaged over the carri ers Capture Buffer Evaluates the power profile of the capture buffer data being analyzed Power Spectrum Evaluates the power density spectrum of the complete capture buffer EVM measurements EVM vs Symbol X Carrier Evaluates the EVM of all cells in the analyzed frame EVM vs Carrier Evaluates the EVM of all carriers in the analyzed frame averaged over the sym bols EVM vs Symbol Evaluates the EVM of all symbols in the analyzed frame averaged over the carri ers Error Freq Phase Evaluates the frequency and phase error vs time for the samples Channel measurements Flatness Evaluates the magnitude of the channel transfer function Group Delay Evaluates the relative group delay of the transmission channel Impulse Response Evaluates the magnitude of the channel impulse response and position within the guard interval Constellation measurements Constellation Diagram Shows the complex constellation diagram of the modulation symbol
37. results e Linear Displays the channel impulse results in a linear scale e dB Displays the channel impulse results in a logarithmic scale in dB Remote command UNIT IRES on page 143 Symbol Axes Selects the scale of time axes representing symbols e Symbol Number Displays the time in terms of symbols e Seconds Displays the time in seconds Remote command UNIT SAXes on page 144 Carrier Axes Selects the scale of frequency axes representing carrier numbers e Carrier Number Displays the frequency in terms of the carrier number e Hertz Displays the frequency in Hertz Remote command UNIT CAXes on page 142 Time Axes Selects the scale of general time axes e Seconds Displays the time in seconds e Sample Time Displays the time in terms of the sample time e Symbol Time Displays the time in terms of the symbol time Remote command UNIT TAXes on page 144 Frequency Axes Selects the scale of general frequency axes e Hertz Displays the frequency in Hertz e Sample Rate Displays the frequency in terms of the sample rate 4 1 3 2 General Settings e Subcarrier Spacing Displays the frequency in terms of the subcarrier spacing Remote command UNIT FAXes on page 143 EVM The EVM settings contain settings to define the calculation of the Error Vector Magni tude EVM The Meas Settings are part of the Meas tab of the General Settings dialog box Primary Advanced Meas
38. suppression Parameters lt State gt ON OFF RST OFF Example INP FILT YIG OFF Turns the YIG filter off Manual operation See YIG Filter on page 59 7 8 Measurement Settings 7 8 1 Units DIE 142 UNIT EVM EE 143 H e e EE 143 RTR EE 143 WINS E 144 UNIT EE 144 UNIT CAXes lt Unit gt This command selects the unit for result displays that show results on carrier level for example the EVM vs Carrier Measurement Settings Parameters lt Unit gt CARR Carrier axis represents the subcarriers HZ Carrier axis represents the frequency Hz RST CARR Example UNIT CAX CARR Selects subcarriers as the unit of the carrier axis Manual operation See Carrier Axes on page 61 a UNIT EVM lt Unit gt This command selects the unit for EVM results Parameters lt Unit gt DB Returns EVM results in dB PCT Returns EVM results in RST dB Example UNIT EVM PCT Selects as the unit of EVM results Manual operation See EVM on page 60 UNIT FAXes lt Unit gt This command selects the unit for result displays that show results over the frequency for example the Power Spectrum Parameters lt Unit gt HZ Frequency axis represents Hz SRAT Frequency axis represents the sample rate CSP Frequency axis represents the carrier spacing RST Hz Example UNIT FAX Hz Selects Hz as the unit of the frequency axis Manual operation See Freque
39. the averaging method for the mean EVM over multiple frames Parameters lt Method gt MS Mean EVM is based on squared EVM values RMS Mean EVM is directly based on the EVM values RST MS Example DEM EVMC FAV MS Selects EVM averaging based on squared EVM values Manual operation See Frame Averaging on page 62 SENSe DEMod EVMCalc NORMalize lt Method gt This command selects the normalization method for EVM results Parameters lt Method gt NONE Normalization is turned off PDAT EVM normalized to the peak value of the data cells PPD EVM normalized to the peak value of the pilot and data cells PPIL EVM normalized to the peak value of the pilot cells RMSDAT EVM values normalized to the RMS value of the data cells RMSPD EVM values normalized to the RMS value of the pilot and data cells RMSPIL EVM values normalized to the RMS value of the pilot cells RST RMSPD Example DEM EVMC NORM RMSDAT Selects normalization to the RMS value of the data cells Manual operation See Normalize EVM to on page 62 Signal Description 7 9 Signal Description SEMCON TEE 146 Symbol Characteristics Coure e EEN ENNER CES EAR 147 Filter CharacteniStes euch geed 149 Preamble Symbol Characteristles erinan ais 150 7 9 1 System Configuration CONFig re SYS Tem DEE 146 MMEM LOAD el 146 SENSE IDEMO le KE 146 CONFigure SYSTem MANual This command selects manual syst
40. the data symbols e g QPSK 16QAM etc e the value of the pilot symbols e optional the definition of the preamble This section describes the format and generation of the OFDM system configuration file which can be loaded within the system configuration tab of the demodulation setup window The OFDM configuration file can be either stored in Matlab mat format see Chap ter 5 1 Matlab Configuration File Format on page 75 or in an XML xm1 format see Chapter 5 2 XML Configuration File Format on page 84 Matlab Configuration File eru E 75 e AML Configuration File FOrMAt oecesccccsnnnsannoncsrnins 84 Matlab Configuration File Format The OFDM configuration can be stored in a Matlab mat format which contains the structure stOfdmCfg The following table lists the elements of the structure and the sub structures Instead of manual generation of the configuration structure it is recommended to use the additionally provided OFDM system class and its methods Structure stOfdmCfg Parameter Type Meaning Example sVersion string Version identifier of the interface for R amp S_OVSA_IFC_V0 1 mat sSystem string Identifier of the OFDM system Wimax IEEE 802 16 2004 sDescription string Additional information about the Uplink with subchannelisa OFDM system tion 8 20 symbols special 17QAM modulation Matlab Configuration File Format stPreamble Structure stOfdmCfg
41. uerge Eed 127 FETCh SUMMary EVM PILot MAXimum vi FT SUMMarn EVM PILot MINIMUME est ere eseceseessenneusneaces ceasnesas LEE ENEE AEE ESE ETEEN 128 FETCh SUMMaty EVM PILOt RS Te KE 128 FETCh SUMMary EVMEALE MAXIMUM asasan EEN gege lis 127 FETCH SUMMaryiE VMEAELLE MINIMUM ees seoreeenenecey esteeanssteencusseaces cessnesas squnast concen EAEE ESETERE 127 FETCH SUMMary EVMEALEIPAVERAGE tescsena scenery cnencdigucdearaierneee sits non aaereaie 127 FETCH SUMMary FERRON MAXIMUM Zisnea aea e a A a EEA 128 FETCh SUMMary FERRor MINimum FETCh SUMMary e TRA 128 FETCh SUMMary GIMBalanCe MAXIMUM 4 0 ievecsscesececsaceessessecececassensatenscencctecesceesecsebevasunessesobevoueensttneonaess 128 FETCH SUMMary GIMBalance MINIMUM Piiescencascesvensdenesnerscesnsaceabooneeteonnencodsaatdenaeteencammenostoumeavanecsaeuavenesares 128 FETCh SUMMary GIMBalance AVERAG6 i vcccsisecassiecssceccsasetesveeenecsersccate vetted anceneitevacevectes vnc r i EEA 128 FETCh SUMMarysIQOFTSet MAXMIMUM KEE 128 FETCh SUMMary IQOFfset MINMIMUM 0 000 cesseeccesseneeeceneceseneenessnennesneeaeesseaecenenscentenaeenentesateneeneesee 128 FETCh SUMMary IOOFfset AVERAgG6 Ee aptearanc a ENEE NEEN 128 FETCh SUMMary MER ALEE MAXIMUM aici idineadinini iia E REES ET EET EN Eai 129 FETCH SUMMary MER ALETMIINUMUI ics eet eege E AATE ES NES 129 FETCh SUMMary MERFALOUFAVERA GE cossit iaa aa Se 129 FETCh SUMMary POWer MAXimum FETCH SUMMa
42. v 2 Remove the smart card gt Y gt Insert the smart card into the reader If the OMNIKEY label faces upward the smart card has to be inserted with the chip facedown and the angled corner facing away from the reader 4 After pushing the smart card completely inside the USB smart card reader you can use it together with the software on A When you insert the USB Smartcard reader into the PC the drivers will be loaded If your PC does not already have drivers installed for this reader the hardware will not be detected and the software will not work In this case install the required driver manually On the CD it is in the folder Install USB SmartCard Reader Driver Files named according to the pro cessor architecture OMNIKEY3x21_x86 or OMNIKEY3x21_x64 Detailed informa tion on the file content and the download location for updated drivers can be found in the ReadMe txt file in the same folder Licensing the Software Windows tries to get log in information from the card immediately after you have locked O You may have problems locking a computer while the card is inserted because MS the computer Solve this issue by changing a registry entry Either execute the registry file DisableCAD reg in the same folder the USM Smartcard reader installation files are located Or manually change the entry e Open the Windows Start Menu and select the Run item e Enter regedit in the dialog to open the
43. which is inserted prior to each OFDM symbol General Information on Signal Types 5 MHz Bandwidth Frequency A an an a Figure 6 1 Frequency Time Representation of an OFDM Signal In practice the OFDM signal can be generated using the inverse fast Fourier transform IFFT digital signal processing The IFFT converts a number N of complex data sym bols used as frequency domain bins into the time domain signal Such an N point IFFT is illustrated in Figure 6 2 where a mN n refers to the nh subchannel modulated data symbol during the time period mT lt t lt m 1 T mT m time a mN 0 mt mT a mN 1 time a mN 2 FT gt SmO al 1 Self Sm N 1 Sm Figure 6 2 OFDM useful symbol generation using an IFFT The vector Sm is defined as the useful OFDM symbol It is the time superposition of the N narrowband modulated subcarriers Therefore from a parallel stream of N sources of data each one independently modulated a waveform composed of N orthogonal subcarriers is obtained with each subcarrier having the shape of a frequency sinc function see Figure 6 1 Figure 6 3 illustrates the mapping from a serial stream of QAM symbols to N parallel streams used as frequency domain bins for the IFFT The N point time domain blocks obtained from the IFFT are then serialized to create a time domain signal Not shown in Figure 6 3 is the process of cyclic prefix insertion QAM symbol rate N T symb
44. 0 0562 0 1 0 178 0 316 0 562 1 1 78 3 16 5 62 High 1 KQ 0 0316 0 0562 0 1 0 178 0 316 0 562 1 1 78 Parameters lt Range gt RST 1V Default unit V Example SENS VOLT IQ RANGE 0 1 Sets the IQ input range to 0 1 V Manual operation See Reference Level Signal Peak Level on page 52 SENSe VOLTage RTO RANGe lt Range gt This command defines the signal peak level of an oscilloscope Parameters lt Range gt Signal peak level in V Default unit V 7 6 4 Primary Settings Example VOLT RTO RANG 100MV Defines a signal peak level of 100 mV Manual operation See Reference Level Signal Peak Level on page 52 Trigger Settings TRlGoert GtOuencel HOL Doft 134 TRIGger SEQuence LEVel PEXTernally 0 ccccsate ccsccrsidsisedevis ates aaa ni 134 TRIGger SEQuence LEVeElPOW EE 134 TRlGoert GtOuencell EVel POWer AUTO 135 TRiGger SEQuENCe MODE EE 135 TRIGgerESEQuence PORT EE 136 TRIGger SEQuence HOLDoff lt Delay gt This command defines the length of the trigger delay A negative delay time corre sponds to a pretrigger Parameters lt Delay gt RST Ous Default unit S Example TRIG HOLD 500us Defines a trigger delay of 500 us Manual operation See Trigger Offset on page 54 TRIGger SEQuence LEVel EXTernal lt Level gt This command defines the level of an external trigger The command is available for measurements with an external trig
45. EVM Selection function Remote command CALC FEED EVM EVSY TRACe DATA Error Freq Phase The Error Frequency display shows the frequency deviations in Hz versus time The Error Phase display shows the phase deviations in Degree versus time The evaluation length of this measurement can be set in the measurement setup menu see Chap ter 4 1 3 Measurement Settings on page 60 e Press the EVM softkey e Press the Error Freq Phase softkey Repeated pressing of the softkey toggles between Frequency and Phase Error User Manual 1310 0331 02 07 41 R amp S FS K96 K96PC K196 Measurements and Result Displays Frequency Settling Error Samples 4800 Maximum 5140 0 Hz Minimum 11179 0 Hz 25 30 35 40 Time us Figure 3 10 Frequency Error Phase Settling Error Samples 4800 Maximum Minimum Figure 3 11 Phase Error All analyzed frames are concatenated in time direction with blue lines marking the frame borders Remote command CALC FEED EVM FERR CALC FEED EVM PERR TRACe DATA EVM Selection Opens a dialog box to filter the results that are displayed in the EVM vs Symbol and EVM vs Carrier result displays E M Selection E EI Smb DR Carrier All ei Figure 3 12 EVM Evaluation Filter panel Note that if you use several screens it is not possible to have two different filters for the different screens User Manual 1310 0331 02 07 42 R amp S FS K96 K96PC K196 Measurements and
46. Example DEM FORM NOFS 44 Defines 44 symbols per frame Manual operation See Result Length on page 71 7 10 2 Synchronization Settings SENSe DEMOG ESY dr sce siveneceeds estate a sins cveneddeseeess D Saaeceeedeancenst 152 SEN Se DEMGd MDE TEC crnica R ETEA ERA 153 BENSE JDEMOA E d 153 SENSe DEMod FSYNc lt FrameSync gt This command selects the parameter estimation mode Parameters lt FrameSync gt Example Manual operation Demodulation Control DAT Demodulator uses pilot and data cells for synchronization PIL Demodulator uses only pilot cells for synchronization NONE Return value only The software returns NONE if no configuration file has been loa ded RST PIL DEM FSYN PIL Selects synchronization based on the pilot cells See Parameter Estimation on page 72 SENSe DEMod MDETect lt DemodMode gt This command selects the auto demodulation mode Parameters lt DemodMode gt Example Manual operation CARR Assumes one constellation for all data cells in the carriers CFG Evaluates the modulation matrix within the configuration file SYM Assigns the data cells of each symbol to one constellation RST CFG DEM MDET CFG Selects evaluation of the modulation matrix in the configuration file See Modulation Detection on page 72 SENSe DEMod TSYNe lt TimingSync gt This command selects the time synchronization mode Pa
47. Example INP ATT Returns the current mechanical attenuator setting in use Manual operation See RF Attenuation on page 59 INPut EATT lt Attenuation gt This command defines the electronic attenuation level This command specifies the attenuation of the current input electronic input attenuator The attenuation setting can only be varied in 5 dB steps from 0 to 30 dB Other entries are rounded to the next lower integer value The electronic attenuator is switched off in the default state Parameters lt Attenuation gt Range 0 to 30 Increment 5 RST 0 Default unit dB Example INP EATT 10 Defines 10 dB of electronic attenuation Manual operation See El Attenuation on page 59 INPut EATT AUTO lt State gt This command turns automatic determination of the electronic attenuation level on and off Parameters lt State gt ON OFF RST OFF Example INP EATT AUTO ON Turns on automatic determination of the electronic attenuation level Manual operation See El Attenuation on page 59 Measurement Settings INPut EATT STATe lt State gt This command turns the electronic attenuator on and off Parameters lt State gt ON OFF RST OFF Example INP EATT STAT ON Turns on electronic attenuation Manual operation See El Attenuation on page 59 INPut FILTer YIG STATe lt State gt This command turns the YIG filter on and off The YIG filter is used for image frequency
48. FO Symb0 Carrier1 gt lt FO Symb0 Carrier n gt lt FO Symb1 Carrier1 gt lt FO Symb1 Carrier n gt lt FO Symb n Carrier1 gt lt FO Symb n Carrier n gt lt F1 Symb0 Carrier1 gt lt F1 Symb0 Carrier n gt lt F1 Symb1 Carrier1 gt lt F1 Symb1 Carrier n gt lt F n Symb n Carrier1 gt lt F n Symb n Carrier n gt 7 4 4 Measurements With F frame and Symb symbol of that subframe The unit depends on is always dBm The following parameters are supported e TRACE1 Returns the power over all carriers TRACe DATA Command TRACe DATA lt TraceData gt This command returns the trace data for the current measurement or result display For more information see Chapter 7 4 3 1 Using the TRACe DATA Command on page 120 Parameters lt TraceData gt TRACE 1 TRACE4 Usage Query only Numerical Results al ler EB Eier KEE 127 FETCH SUMMary CRESEM INIA riinas eaaa a asada adundoralaaees endqedetaades 127 FE TCh SUMMarv CREGSOAVERagel nenen er tne setntortstirsrsrsnsnsnsnnnnnnenenenttntetone 127 FETCHSUMMaryEVMPAEL MAXIMUM ege ERAdEAE Add 127 FETCHSUMMary EVMIFALL MINIMUM o2ccscesisescvievsdenedesdeeveceves vuraeecgiersteccteiatisecenaviaeeades 127 FETCH SUMMaryEVMEAEL PAV ERAGG EE 127 FE TCh SUMMarv EVM DATA MANimum snee esetesteorororsrsrrsnrnrnnnrnnnrenenttereteterereens 127 FETCH SUMMaryE VM DATA
49. LENgth on page 151 Frame Offset Frame Offset specifies the time offset from the preamble start to the actual frame start in number of samples Note that the Frame Offset has no effect for measurements on UFMC waveforms Remote command CONFigure PREamble FOFFset on page 151 Frame Characteristics The Frame Characteristics contain settings to configure the OFDM frame The Frame Characteristics are part of the Signal Description tab of the Demod Set tings dialog box Signal Description Demodulation Control M Frame Characteristics Frame Length 100 Symbols Fane Lon DE 69 Frame Length Frame Length displays the length of the configured FDM frame This is the maximum result length for which a configuration exists The parameter has no meaning in manual mode Filter Characteristics The Filter Characteristics contain settings to configure the filters for GFDM and UFMC signals The Filter Characteristics are part of the Signal Description tab of the Demod Set tings dialog box Signal Description Demodulation Control Filter Characteristics Filter Type RRC Roll off 0 0 Overlapping 4 Signal Description Demodulation Control Filter Characteristics Filter Type Chebyshev Filter Length Ir o Samples Stop Band Attenuation 0 0 dB 4 2 2 Demodulation Settings PUES EY PC E 70 PROUT eege eegene Sne ee EES ee 70 Deo ellae M E EAT E A E senate 70
50. Level Track Time specifies the sweep time used for the auto level measure ments This parameter is editable only when RF input is selected and the Auto Level function is turned on Remote command CONFigure POWer AUTO SWEep TIME on page 140 RF Attenuation RF Attenuation specifies the mechanical attenuation to be applied to the input RF sig nal Attenuation is possible from 0 dB to 75 dB in steps of 5 dB RF attenuation is available for measurements with spectrum analyzers and if the input source is the RF input If the Auto Level function is on attenuation is unavailable Remote command INPut ATTenuation on page 140 El Attenuation El Attenuation specifies the electrical attenuation to be applied to the input RF signal You can define the attenuation level manually or automatically by the software Electronic attenuation is possible from 0 dB to 30 dB in steps of 5 dB The electrical attenuator can be switched off completely Electronic attenuation is available for measurements with spectrum analyzers and if the input source is the RF input If the Auto Level function is on attenuation is unavailable Remote command INPut EATT STATe on page 142 INPut EATT AUTO on page 141 INPut EATT on page 141 YIG Filter YIG Filter specifies the state of the YIG filter in a spectrum analyzer The YIG filter is available for measurements with a spectrum analyzer Remote command INPut FILTer YIG STATe on
51. MINIMUM EE AEN Ed aes 127 FETCh SUMMary EVM DATA AVER Qe c2eeeeeereeerenereneceeeeeaeneesaaaeaeaeaeanetenenens 127 FE TCh SUMMarv EVM PI ot MANimum eae aeaeaeaeaeedeeeeeeeeeeseseeeeeeeeeees 128 EES Halle RED ed ENNEN 128 FETCh SUMMaryEVIMiPILot AV ERAage ss lt ccccecascceccesttessivesidaiesaevdiacdeeieeet aa aaan 128 FETCH SUMMary FERROGIMA Air KEE 128 FETCh SUMMary FERRor MINiIMUM 2 0 ccceceeeeeeeeeeeeteceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeesaeaeaeaaaaaaaaaaenenenes 128 FETCH SUMMaryFERROMAV ERAGE EE 128 FE TCh SUMMarv GlM alance MAXIMUM eee ceceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaea 128 FE TCh SUMMarv GlM alance MiNimum renn nn nen tnntrrntrtsretsrsrsrsrnrnnn nunn nnn nnt 128 FETCH SUMMaryGIMBalance AVERAGE ucore reiti i aE EAE aa 128 FETCH SUMMary IQOFfSet MAXMIMUIM cisini 128 FETCH SUMMaryIGOFSeE MINIMUM racore E a EEEE 128 FE TCh SUMMarvlOOtFtsett AVERagel nenen eeeeeseteeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeesaeananaaaea 128 FETCHSUMMary MER ALL MAXIMUM cisini niaaa aani aa 129 FETCRSCUMMany MER ALLE MINIMUM cnrs EAE 129 FE TCh SUMMarv MER AL LI AVERagel aaa eeaaeaeeeeteseteeeeeeeeeees 129 FETCRSUMMar POWT TEE ENEE 129 FETCh SUMMary POWer MINIMUM ccei iecccivsstecondendscraceadtaciondyadessetveteseecea iuisersaiyens 129 FETCh SUMMary POWer AVERage c2 1 c seececesetenesecertteceecantssencancnndaesenertdawaenae 129 Measurements FETCH SUMMary QUAD Error MAXIMUM eegen deisde deed 129 FETCH SUMMary QUAD
52. O Data In addition to capturing UO data directly from an Rohde amp Schwarz instrument the R amp S FS K96 allows you to analyze UO data from a file that contains such data The software also provides functionality to store UO data you have captured with an instru ment in a file for further analysis at a later time for example with external tools The R amp S FS K96 supports several file formats for the I Q data In all cases the data is linearly scaled using the unit Volt if a correct display of e g Capture Buffer power is required Exporting data 1 Press the FILE key 2 Press the Save I Q Data softkey The R amp S FS K96 opens a dialog box to define the file name and data type SCPI command MMEMory STORe 1Q STATe on page 158 Importing data 1 Press the SETUP key 2 Select File as the data source gt Data Source Instr File softkey File is selected when it is highlighted green 3 Press the Run Sgl softkey The R amp S FS K96 opens a dialog box to select a file 4 Alternatively drag and drop a file on the software user interface Note that the software displays an error message if the file containing UO data could not be found or is not valid SCPI command MMEMory LOAD I1Q STATe on page 157 Data Management Format dat binary Binary data in the dat format is expected as 32 bit floating point data Little Endian for mat also known as LSB Order or Intel format The order of the data is eit
53. Parameters lt State gt ON OFF RST OFF Example See CONFigure SYMBol GUARd MODE on page 147 Manual operation See Cyclic Prefix Configuration on page 67 CONFigure SYMBol NFFT lt NFFT gt This command defines the FFT length of an OFDM symbol In case of GFDM and UFMC waveforms the command works only as a query the FFT length is calculated automatically Parameters lt NFFT gt FFT length in samples RST 64 Example CONF SYMB NFFT 1024 Defines an FFT length of 1024 samples Manual operation See FFT Length on page 66 CONFigure SYMBol NGUard lt guardnum gt lt NGuard gt This command defines of the cyclic prefix length Available for OFDM and GFDM waveforms 7 9 3 Signal Description Suffix lt guardnum gt 12 Selects the guard interval in case of variable cyclic prefix lengths In case of constant cyclic prefix lengths the suffix is irrelevant Parameters lt NGuard gt Length of the cyclic prefix in samples RST 16 Example CONF SYMB NGU 128 Defines a guard length of 128 samples Manual operation See Cyclic Prefix Length on page 66 See Cyclic Prefix Configuration on page 67 Filter Characteristics SENSe DEMod GFDM FILTerOLAP ping evs ccscestsesteevsvesceeveeeseseveeees ennan einai ina 149 SENSe DEMod GFOM FILTerROF AOR nirien TRE EA 149 SENS DEM0d GFDM FILT er TYPE iiaa iaaa iniaiaiai aka AER EEN E 150 Elle UFMC FILTER E 150 SENSe DEMod UFMC FILF
54. R amp S FS K96 K96PC K196 OFDM Vector Signal Analysis software User Manual LANU LOL 1310 033102 07 ROHDE amp SCHWARZ rement Test amp Measu This manual contains the documentation for the following products e R amp S FS K96 1310 0202 06 R amp S FS K96PC 1310 0219 06 R amp S FS K196 1309 9200 06 e R amp S FSPC 1310 0002 03 The contents correspond to software version 3 6 and higher The software contained in this product makes use of several valuable open source software packages For information see the Open Source Acknowledgment on the user documentation CD ROM included in delivery Rohde amp Schwarz would like to thank the open source community for their valuable contribution to embedded computing 2015 Rohde amp Schwarz GmbH amp Co KG Muhldorfstr 15 81671 Munchen Germany Phone 49 89 41 29 0 Fax 49 89 41 29 12 164 Email info rohde schwarz com Internet www rohde schwarz com Subject to change Data without tolerance limits is not binding R amp S is a registered trademark of Rohde amp Schwarz GmbH amp Co KG Trade names are trademarks of the owners The following abbreviations are used throughout this manual R amp S FS K96 is abbreviated as R amp S FS K96 and R amp S FS K96 is abbreviated as R amp S FS K96 Quality management and environmental management Sehr geehrter Kunde Sie haben sich fur den Kauf eines Rohde amp Schwarz Produk tes
55. S K96 Soft ware c SaveConfigFile c sFileName Input parameter c Input object Matlab Configuration File Format SAVE_CONFIG_FILE This function generates and saves a configuration file from the current system configuration to be used within R amp S FS K96 Soft ware sFileName File name of the configuration file Output parameter CG Modified object Example SaveConfigFile cOfdmSys example mat LOAD_CONFIG_FILE This function configures the OfdmSys object from a configura tion file c LoadConfigFile c sFileName Input parameter c Input object sFileName File name of the configuration file Output parameter c Modified object 5 1 2 Generate I Q Data Files The following part describes how to generate i qw files data format of R amp S Signal Analyzers and how to convert these files to wv files data format for arbitrary wave form generator of R amp S Signal Generators With this description the user obtains a complete R amp S test solution for signal generation and analysis of generic OFDM sig nals R amp S Signal Analyzer R amp S Signal Generator Ge iqw file wy file In real applications the user needs very often a signal generator which can generate the signal Therefore the second part of this section describes how to convert the iqw file to a wv file which can be loaded into the arbitrary waveform generator of R amp S vector signal gen
56. Se BANDwidth RESolution TYPE NORMal Query SENSe BANDwidth RESolution TYPE would return NORM Character Strings Strings are alphanumeric characters They have to be in straight quotation marks You can use a single quotation mark or a double quotation mark Example INSTRument DELete Spectrum Block Data Block data is a format which is suitable for the transmission of large amounts of data The ASCII character introduces the data block The next number indicates how many of the following digits describe the length of the data block In the example the 4 follow ing digits indicate the length to be 5168 bytes The data bytes follow During the trans mission of these data bytes all end or other control signs are ignored until all bytes are transmitted 0 specifies a data block of indefinite length The use of the indefinite for mat requires a NL END message to terminate the data block This format is useful when the length of the transmission is not known or if speed or other considerations prevent segmentation of the data into blocks of definite length Common Commands Measurements RST RESET sets the R amp S FS K96 Software and the connected instrument to a defined default status The command essentially corresponds to pressing the PRESET key The default setting is indicated in the description of the commands Example RST Resets the FS K96 Software and the connected inst
57. System Input parameter Output parameter c Input object sSystem String containing the name of the system g Modified class Example cOfdmSys SetSystem cOfdmSys WiMAX 802 16 SET_DESCRIPTION This function sets the system description string c SetDescription c sDescription Input parameter c Input object sDescription String containing the name of the sys tem Output parameter g Modified class Example cOfdmSys SetDescription cOfdmSys WiMAX 802 16 SET_CONSTELLATION This function sets a constellation vector SetConstellation c sName e I c SetConstellation c sName vfcValue Input parameter e Input object sName Name of the constellation vfcValue Complex value with the constellation symbols Can be omitted for unknown modulation areas Output parameter c Modified class Example cOfdmSys SetConstellation cOfdmSys QPSK 1l sqrt 2 14 3 14 9 1 3 1 3 7 Matlab Configuration File Format SET_CELL This function defines one cell in the time frequency matrice a specific cell of the OFDM system c SetCell c viSymbol viCarrier Zero c SetCell c viSymbol viCarrier Pilot vfcValue c SetCell c viSymbol viCarrier Data sConstName c SetCell c viSymbol viCarrier DontCare Input parameter c Input object viSymbol Symbol numbers of c
58. System configuration Firmware version Computer name RTO 200248 System Bios version DHCP Si Network 7 Image version IP Address 2 2 Software Configuration The Setup menu contains various general software functions gt Press the SETUP key to access the Setup menu Configure Instrument Connection Opens the Instrument Connection Configuration dialog box For more information see Chapter 2 1 1 Instrument Connection Configuration on page 21 Remote command CONFigure ADDRess lt analyzer gt on page 130 Data Source Instr File Selects the general input source an instrument or a file Remote Control Settings Turns remote control support on and off Show Logging Opens a dialog box that contains a log of all messages that the software has shown in the status bar Use the message log for debugging purposes in case any errors occur You can refresh and clear the contents of the log or copy the contents of the system log to the clipboard Refresh Updates the contents of the log Clear All Deletes all entries in the log Copy to Clip Copies the contents of the log to the clipboard board System Info Opens a dialog box that contains information about the system like driver versions or the utility software You can use this information in case an analyzer does not work properly Display Configuration 2 3 Display Configuration The Display menu contains functionality to improve the displ
59. T REET S T E EN 157 MMEMON NAME ce cence ceca S EE 159 MMEMory STORG DEMOd S T lee ege ageet an i aa 157 MMEMory STORe lQ STATe MIME MOBY STOR eer TRACES IQ SRAT G lar isere hrii aia aa i aN A a a ae Eiaa Ee RA MER 126 TRIG Stl wee el E EE 134 TRIGger SEQuence LEVEE POWE krins rr A seepecevoredt Eden 134 TRIGger SEQuence LEVelPOWeRAUT Osis ccs cacsecesstascenessdssesnesscivonsesnnevsetainedousta NEA ACEEA EEN raiat 135 TRIGger SEQuence LEVel EXTernal TRIGGEr SEQUENCE MODE irssi i ridae EEGENEN ENEE TRIGE SEQ ence l PORT ies sdge GAENgEeAEESdeEeEAEESEEEEEEeEN ar AA NE TENNE A ONAA EEN EEE dee UNIT CAXG geed NE E EE A EE TEETE A ERTE UNIT EVM uneren e AA A TA T nen ante i etn UNIT FAXE EE UNIT RES E EE dl IN UNIT TAK TEE Index A Auto Level Track Time mssins pn 59 B Background Color issii spissu israddau 27 Bandwidth 6 dB EE ME 71 C Captune TE ee eege eege 52 Carmien OSC ls eege aieea ge cereal ege 74 EE Il TR 55 Compensation 72 Configuration EE 64 Cyclic Delay DIVGISIlY iscrisse eae eee adic Serene 74 CY CIC CT 66 D DIG IANO EE 58 DIS Play eegene 27 E Electrical Attenuation 2 cccccscsncssecacesestmersaoe ceaneatravsecctnerecene 59 EN earna External Attenuation F FFT Ee EE 66 FFT Sift eccecace eege Eeer 74 Filter Onder mossero adriai dg EEN 55 FREQUENCY EE 51 Te TUE 27 H Ard CODY E 28 l ed Import and Export M Mangel COnfQuration s snien ovon 64
60. The Advanced Settings contain settings to configure the signal input and some global measurement analysis settings The Advanced Settings tab is part of the General Settings dialog box WO SCUINOS ase ee eee a ege eege ane ae 56 Analog Baseband SctingS EE 56 Digital CO SOU E 58 e Advanced Level Gettings 58 Glopa SOUS E 59 UO Settings The I Q settings contain settings that control the UO data flow The I Q Settings are part of the Advanced tab of the General Settings dialog box Primary Advanced Meas 17Q Settings Swap 1 0 r E A EE 56 Swap UO Swaps the real I branch and the imaginary Q branch parts of the signal Remote command SENSe SWAPiq on page 137 Analog Baseband Settings The Analog Baseband Settings contain settings to configure the baseband input source The Analog Baseband Settings are part of the Advanced tab of the General Set tings dialog box Primary Advanced Meas Analog Baseband Settings Input Impedance 500m si 1 0 Path i o Balanced Vv Low Pass Filter Iw Dither a General Settings FIC NIT ET EE 57 BANGING EE 57 ee 57 LB T ter ceREe Renee E crc rere ter cr ereper rr erent rr cree tener rreptreerrreepi rer Ceery ter creer yrs 57 Input Impedance Selects the input impedance The available impedances depend on the type of instrument e Spectrum analyzers support impedances of 50 Q or 1 KQ Selecting the input impedance is available for a
61. Usage Query only FETCh SUMMary FERRor MAXimum FETCh SUMMary FERRor MINimum FETCh SUMMary FERRor AVERage This command queries the Center Frequency Error result Parameters lt FrequencyError gt Center frequency error in Hz Example FETC SUMM FERR Returns average Frequency Error Usage Query only FETCh SUMMary GIMBalance MAXimum FETCh SUMMary GIMBalance MINimum FETCh SUMMary GIMBalance AVERage This command queries the UO Gain Imbalance result Parameters lt Gainlmbalance gt UO gain imbalance in dB Example FETC SUMM GIMB Returns average Gain Imbalance Usage Query only FETCh SUMMary IQOFfset MAXmimum FETCh SUMMary IQOFfset MINmimum FETCh SUMMary IQOFfset AVERage This command queries the UO Offset result Parameters lt lQOffset gt I Q offset in dB Example FETC SUMM IQOF Returns average IQ Offset Measurements Usage Query only FETCh SUMMary MER ALL MAXimum FETCh SUMMary MER ALL MINimum FETCh SUMMary MER ALL AVERage lt MER gt This command returns the MER over all data and pilot cells in the analyzed frame Parameters lt MER gt Example FETC SUMM MER Returns mean MER Usage Query only FETCh SUMMary POWer MAXimum FETCh SUMMary POWer MINimum FETCh SUMMary POWer AVERage This command queries the Frame Power result Parameters lt Power gt Frame power in dBm Example FETC SUMM POW Returns average Frame Power Usa
62. VISA Installing software components 1 2 Click on the R amp S Framework Installer link in the main window of the browser tool The browser tool opens a dialog box that contains an overview of the required components It also shows if you have to install them or not Rohde amp Schwarz OFDM Vector Signal Analysts Software Framework Installer Version 3 2 Instal Component Required Version E Microsoft Visual C Runtime Licaty 2005 SP1 x86 MFC Securty Update F MATLAB Componert Runtime 2008 32 bi Version 7 9 Runtime V711 MATLAB NET Intestacing 2005 32bi Version 7 3 Runtime V7 11 Later instaled by FS K36 instaler welt Lary rf C Dokumerte u bilee weaet Detected ver IT vsa JANY I Pot Mapper fer Recte Corio 1283 Inatall selected componerts vn ca In the Installation State column check if the corresponding software is already installed e Ready to install The software is installed after you have selected it in the Install column e Ready to download The R amp S Framework installer was not able to find the installation file for the corresponding software You have to get the program somewhere for example download it off the inter net and install it manually Note that all components except the Port Mapper are mandatory Installing the Software Note that some installation routines may not confirm the installation by a message like Installatio
63. a Management 2 4 3 Demodulation Data The R amp S FS K96 allows you to save the demodulated data for further evaluation in Matlab The demodulated data is collected at the end of the signal chain and is stored in a time frequency matrix representing the analyzed OFDM frames Exporting data 1 Press the FILE key 2 Press the Save Demod Data softkey SCPI command MMEMory STORe DEMod STATe on page 157 If you have described the signal with the Configuration File Wizard proceed as fol lows to export the demodulation data The demodulation data can also be read out via remote control commands The d demodulated symbols and the reference symbols are available as traces 3 and 4 of the constellation diagram This allows a seamless integration of the R amp S FS K96 within larger OFDM software projects The demodulation data is stored in a MATLAB file mat This file contains two matrices named mfcRIk and mfcAlk e The matrix mfcRIk contains the demodulated and corrected OFDM symbols e The matrix mfcAlk contains the associated reference symbols The size of the matrix is Number of Symbols x FFT Length The following example code shows how to load the demodulation data in Matlab and plot the constellation diagram load file s load mydata mat mat show constellation plot real s mfcRlk imag s mfcR1k bo hold on plot real s mfcAlk imag s mfcAlk rx hold off Exporting Wizar
64. ally important for signals that start with a preamble e g WLAN Please refer to Figure 5 12 and Figure 5 13 for an example Freambie Payioad Part Repetition Repettion Range Range Start Stop Figure 5 12 Original Signal Figure 5 13 Signal to Be Generated Burst Length is 13 symbols For a continuous signal only one parameter needs to be set Number of Frames Specifies the number of OFDM frames that are to be generated The signal always starts with the first symbol of one frame Both bursted and continuous signals require that the data source is specified Data Source Can be set to Random or As Loaded If it is set to Random new random data is loaded for the data symbols if refresh is clicked If it is set to As Loa ded the signal generation function maintains the data symbols that have been initially loaded These data symbols can come from an original signal that has been loaded into the R amp S FS K96 Configuration File Generator and where all the cells have been allocated Use the Save Signal button to generate the OFDM signal and save it to file Be aware that the UO data is stored with an oversampling of one In the case you want to play the signal with an R amp S Signal Generator it is recommended to upsample it in Matlab Please refer to Chapter 5 1 2 2 I Q data files for R amp S Signal Generators wv file mat2wv m on page 83 for details on the required UO data format General In
65. are necessary to generate a configuration file 5 2 1 1 Quick Start Guide for the R amp S FS K96 Configuration File Wizard This section will help you to quickly become familiar with the R amp S FS K96 Configura tion File Wizard A WLAN 802 1 1a signal is used as an example Start from Preset in the R amp S FS K96 Software and load the file WlanA 64QAM iq tar you can find this file in your install directory in the folder User Manual 1310 0331 02 07 87 XML Configuration File Format SIGNALS Follow the steps as described in Chapter 5 2 XML Configuration File Format on page 84 and ensure that the settings in the R amp S FS K96 Software are according to the screenshot in Figure 5 2 Open the R amp S FS K96 Configuration File Wizard directly from the R amp S FS K96 Software Let us now focus on the step by step bar Since you have started the R amp S FS K96 Configuration File Wizard directly from the R amp S FS K96 Software it is already precon figured with your signal Hence you can skip step 1 As the WLAN signal is a burst signal you can assume that one frame is defined by one burst Therefore you can also skip step 2 and proceed straight to step 3 Step by Step Repeat Steps 5 and 6 until all cells are allocated Synchronization of the Signal Step 3 Click on the Synchronization icon and subsequently on the Auto button of the shown dialog The signal will automatically synchronize Manual Synchronizat
66. ate on page 118 INITiate REFResh on page 119 TEE EE 33 ETH 34 VQ Measurements suerge SCENE EENS EENS 36 Feet eer EES EE tegen 49 3 1 Numerical results The R amp S FS K96 features the following numerical results EVM measurements e EVM All 3 2 Graphical Results Shows the EVM for all data and all pilot cells of the analyzed frame e EVM Data Shows the EVM for all data cells of the analyzed frame e EVM Pilot Shows the EVM for all pilot cells of the analyzed frame e MER All Shows the Modulation Error Ratio MER for all data and all pilot cells of the ana lyzed frame The MER is the ratio of the RMS power of the ideal reference signal to the RMS power of the error vector UO constellation measurements e UO Offset Shows the power at spectral line 0 normalized to the total transmitted power e Gain Imbalance Shows the logarithm of the Q Channel to I Channel gain ratio e Quadrature Error Shows the measure of the phase angle between Q Channel and I Channel deviat ing from the ideal 90 degrees Frequency measurements e Frequency Error Shows the difference between measured and reference center frequency e Sample Clock Error Shows the difference between measured and reference sample clock relative to the system sampling rate Power measurements e Frame Power Shows the average time domain power of the analyzed frame e Crest Factor Shows the peak to average power ratio
67. ation Measurements Constellation DEE nd tegeeee Keeser ER Lee AARTE EE 44 Constellation VS Camie 6 15 scccidscsarieodesdasiacadcaaayasssdeaaeslosaasdericesadaavaccsasaasncdecsadewneraadeaease 45 Constellation vs SYMDOI oi ccc eiecccceeecsceedeeedecescedeaedescegaunessecdpaededeecegnaedesevasdeesaeeaedeaedeeete 45 Constellation SEISCHOM EE 46 Constellation Diagram The Constellation Diagram display shows the inphase and quadrature results over the full range of the measured input data The ideal points for the selected cell types are displayed for reference purposes e Press the Constell softkey e Inthe submenu press the Constell softkey User Manual 1310 0331 02 07 44 R amp S FS K96 K96PC K196 Measurements and Result Displays Constellation Diagram Imaginary Part 1 0 Real Part Figure 3 15 Constellation Diagram Display Remote command CALC FEED CONS CONS TRACe DATA Constellation vs Carrier The Constellation vs Carrier display shows the inphase and quadrature magnitude results of all symbols over the respective carriers The inphase values are displayed as yellow dots the quadrature values are displayed as blue dots e Press the Constell softkey e Press the Constell vs Carrier softkey Constellation vs Carrier Carrier N umber Figure 3 16 Constellation vs Carrier Display Remote command CALC FEED CONS CVCA Constellation vs Symbol The Constellation vs Symbol display shows
68. ay and documentation of results gt Press the DISP key The R amp S FS K96 opens the Display menu Full screen and split screen The R amp S FS K96 provides two screen modes e Split screen mode The user interface contains two measurement screens or windows labeled screen A on the top and screen B on the bottom In split screen mode the software allows you to display two different measurement results e Full screen mode The user interface contains one measurement screen or window In full screen mode you can display only one measurement result The scale of the horizontal axis is the same in both modes The scale of the vertical axis is also the same but the resolution is smaller in split screen mode gt Press the Full Screen softkey or the Split Screen softkey When you change into full screen mode the software increases the size of the active screen The active screen has a label highlighted in green for example E gt To switch from one screen to the other use the Screen A and Screen B hot keys SCPI command DISPlay FORMat on page 158 DISPlay WINDow lt n gt SELect on page 159 Separate window With the Open in Separate Window function you can create a copy of the currently selected screen and display it in a new window outside the main user interface Opening the results in a separate window allows you to display more than two results at the same time Background color The background
69. be visible sl al e Enabling the icon with the eye and the non filled check displays all the constel lation points that are not yet allocated e Enabling the icon with the eye and the green filled check displays all the con stellation points that are already allocated 3 Matrix View The matrix view area displays the 2D representation of the signal The y axis represents the time direction unit symbols the x axis represents the subcarriers The matrix view can be toggled between Frame Power and Alloca tion Matrix It is possible to select an area either by clicking the mouse or with the context menu Pressing the Ctrl key on your keyboard allows you to add further cells to your selection The cells within the selected area will then be highlighted in the Constellation View The Frame Power matrix view contains a toolbar where you can choose between a black and white colormap and a jet colormap Un The Allocation Matrix view contains a toolbar where you can choose whether to show the highlighted constellation points in the allocation matrix A 4 General Information This area displays the general information on your system configuration It is possible to choose a custom system name and system descrip tion by clicking on the entries Both will later be stored in your configuration file 5 Hint Area Clicking on the Light Bulb icon the software will give useful hints about the next steps that
70. ber k Phorm iS a normalization value that can be set in four different ways Normalize EVM to Paorm RMS Pilots amp Data 1 5 P alk N pilot N pilot data A eps Dora RMS Data 1 2 N data Zu 1 keData 6 3 2 Measurement Result Definitions RMS Pilots Peak Pilots amp Data 1 N pilot max l kePilot Data 2 S l kePilot 2 S Peak Data 2 max lar i 1 keData Peak Pilots 2 max lay i 1 kePilot None 1 0 Noit is the number of pilot cells Naata is the number of data cells UO Impairments The I Q imbalance can re G REE j be written as Go ISO where s t is the transmit signal r t is the received signal and G and Gg are the weighting factors Variable Meaning Definition from Transmitter Model Di Ga Gain L branch Gain Q branch 1 1 AQ complex Gain Imbalance 20 ee lcl dB IG Quadrature Error arctan Ea It Remote Control Setup 7 Remote Control Remote Control SC ees Eege dee gees 112 MOGUCOM DEET 113 Common Commands aiao aeaa e a saat anes a AN 117 WEN EE E ET 118 e Instrument Connectoni iciicnc inane a aii 130 Primary SQMUNGS EE 130 e Advanced Settings A 137 Measurement elei Edge data daar de 142 Signal DESOpUOMk seino nite EENS 146 Demodulation Gomi sssini ege 151 FieManagem ent ET 156 s Display SoN EE
71. bility by using the 2 icon Note that you can also overwrite already allocated cells with another allocation XML Configuration File Format Constellation Figure 5 8 Example of a Constellation Diagram for a Synchronized WLAN Signal after the Allocation of the 64QAM Cells as Data Symbols Now go back to step 5 and proceed with the allocation of the residual points e g choose Zero as Constellation Marker and allocate the constellation points in the center of the diagram as Zero symbols step 6 Go back again to step 5 and investigate the remaining points shown in the Constella tion View For the WLAN sample signal you can select the BPSK symbols with the mouse When taking a look at the Allocation Matrix you will see that these BPSK sym bols are used at the very beginning of the frame and at certain carriers From this infor mation you can conclude that these symbols are probably pilot symbols Constellation Soen Noralbcaed Ponts S60 Cartier Number Figure 5 9 Selection of the BPSK Symbols with the Mouse XML Configuration File Format Hence you can select BPSK constellation markers and allocate these cells as pilot symbols If you have worked with the WLAN sample signal you will now have very few cells left for allocation Go back to step 5 select all residual cells with the mouse in the Constel lation View and allocate these cells as Don t Care symbols step 6 For Don t Care sym
72. bol no EVM will be calculated in the R amp S FS K96 Software The R amp S FS K96 Configuration File Wizard will now prompt that you have allocated all your cells Saving the Configuration File Step 7 Click on the Save icon Choose a filename for your configuration file and save your file If you have started the R amp S FS K96 Configuration File Wizard directly from the R amp S FS K96 Software the software will ask you whether you want to immediately import your newly generated configuration file into the R amp S FS K96 Software The R amp S FS K96 Software will then do an automatic refresh Boosting In the case that you do not find a constellation marker type that matches the constella tion points step 5 you may try to use the boosting slider to scale the constellation markers or manually enter the boosting factor of the constellation by double clicking on the boosting value XML Configuration File Format Selecting cells with the mouse You can manually select cells with the mouse Press the Ctrl key to add further cells to the selection Selecting cells with the mouse is not only useful for the allocation of Don t Care sym bols cf Step 5 and 6 in the Quick Start Guide You can also use the mouse to select cells and later allocate them as Data Symbols or Pilot Symbols Then the current modulation type and boosting factor will be stored for these cells Example Clicking on the Check icon will allocate only the h
73. bols per frame used for the evalua tion of the sample wise frequency and phase error calculation The upper limit is the Result Length minus one Result Length 1 Remote command Not supported yet Demodulation Settings This section describes the demodulation settings of the software for running a correct measurement by means of OFDM system configuration and demodulation control options Signal DescniptlOniiiicceciii wie iieran inion a anes 63 e Demodulation Control 70 Signal Description The Signal Description contains general settings to configure the software for the applied signal The Signal Description tab is part of the Demod Settings dialog box Sysient ee E E 63 Cl CharaclenSues e gege EREECHEN a eee 66 e Preamble Symbol Characteristics vi cscctiscsedeescvcdaestessescnardiaaddeseseaseteacdens TR 68 Frame EE E El 69 Filler CHALaClSNSUCS nennen n siptinaeecigeancentepsiieaee BEE 69 System Configuration The System Configuration contains settings to configure the OFDM system Demodulation Settings The System Configuration is part of the Signal Description tab of the Demod Set tings dialog box Signal Description Demodulation Control M System Configuration Analysis Mode OFDM v Manual Configuration r Generate Configuration File Configuration File C Program Files x86 Rohde Schwa EER Wan OFDM DownlinkTg Tb 1 16 Data modulation 16QAM Preamble included in
74. c tions With the information provided below the user can write his own m file Running the m file creates the custom mat OFDM configuration file This mat file contains the configuration data and can be loaded into the R amp S FS K96 OFDM Vector Signal Analysis Software INIT This function initializes the System Configuration Class c Init c iNOfSymbols iNfft iNg Input parameter c Input object iNOfSymbols Number of OFDM symbols in one frame included in the configura tion file This is the maximum frame length to be analyzed iNfft FFT length in number of samples iNg Cyclix prefix length in number of samples Output parameter c Modified object Example 1 cOfdmSys OfdmSys cOfdmSys Init cOfdmSys 100 64 16 Example 2 cOfdmSys OfdmSys 100 64 16 Matlab Configuration File Format Support for cyclic prefix configuration At the moment only the conventional cyclic prefix mode is supported in the mat configuration file format That means that OFDM systems with symbols of different cyclic prefix length e g LTE are currently not supported in the mat configuration file format It is recommended to either use the xm1 configuration file format for these setups or to enter the cyclic prefix configuration manually after the mat config uration file has been loaded SET_SYSTEM This function sets the system name string c SetSystem c s
75. can be applied to multiple instances of an object In that case the suffix selects a particular instance e g a mea surement window Numeric suffixes are indicated by angular brackets lt n gt next to the keyword If you don t quote a suffix for keywords that support one a 1 is assumed Example DISPlay WINDow lt 1 4 gt ZOOM STATe enables the zoom in a particular mea surement window selected by the suffix at WINDow DISPlay WINDow4 ZOOM STATe ON refers to window 4 7 2 3 Optional Keywords Some keywords are optional and are only part of the syntax because of SCPI compli ance You can include them in the header or not Introduction Note that if an optional keyword has a numeric suffix and you need to use the suffix you have to include the optional keyword Otherwise the suffix of the missing keyword is assumed to be the value 1 Optional keywords are emphasized with square brackets Example Without a numeric suffix in the optional keyword SENSe FREQuency CENTer is the same as FREQuency CENTer With a numeric suffix in the optional keyword DISPlay WINDow lt 1 4 gt ZOOM STATe DISPlay ZOOM STATe ON enables the zoom in window 1 no suffix DISPlay WINDow4 ZOOM STATe ON enables the zoom in window 4 7 2 4 Alternative Keywords A vertical stroke indicates alternatives for a specific keyword You can use both key words to the same effect Example SENSe BANDwidth BWIDth RESolution
76. cetuadenccaste Softkey DEMOD SETTINGS ueeugesestusgesgiaeeseeeee gedoen ec 63 General Settings vg GENERAL SETTINGS gegdergikeerget si dsdeeeE Su eeuee 50 Software liCONSO isisisi iisen ianiai aE 12 SOUC sinnini Split screen Suffixes Remote COMMAMNAS sisri 114 Swap UO Get Synehronizatio Menasi aaoi a E 71 T MPG Ger EE 54 Tigger dE 53 Biver 54 U U 60 Ww VIE RE 65 Y Cette edu SEA 59
77. customersupport china rohde schwarz com ROHDE amp SCHWARZ 1171 0200 22 06 00 1 1 2 1 1 3 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 4 1 1 4 2 1 4 3 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 4 1 2 4 2 2 4 3 2 4 4 3 1 3 2 3 3 3 3 1 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 5 Contents Welcome to R amp S FSK9 ebsgttegeen d tageeeeeien Eege e De Eu 7 Installing the SoftWare kinen EE eege eege ESKES 7 Installing Required Compppnenfe cnncnesa aian EES EAEN 8 Installing R amp S FS K96 enonsa a EE 10 Deinstalling R amp S FSK O orsoni O N BEER Aegee 12 Licensing the SoftWare crnsrnicnnsessman aaa 12 Starting the Softwares eSEETREENEEEEES ENEEEEE NEEEEEEEEERdEEEEERdEEEEESEEEESEEER ce eeseresssecesneereedeoees 16 FUPSU Ste viiescsceeesccciscedecs cca setanwecetnecnvestaces E A E E E E tates 17 Setting up the GeneratOl cisicccccvessccesivvencceces vans ccvevsvenccesevvvencesensvensceuevvvancec seve eneesanvvens 17 Preparing the Measurement rns ieccaieed ccteectieiecnveut ege EEEE EEE EENES 18 Performing the M6asuremen tess sccosctenccoeseeccndiuts LESSER aN EES 20 General tGonbogration eessen See eEENEEEeEENEE EENEG 21 INStrUuMeNt COMNGCHOM ss ices ccceccee cecsasceececsnseceescenendeeesecnstaeeseeansieececensnstesddnentceestzseaciners 21 Instrument Connection Configuraton s scean ii 21 Figurino Melle 23 Software Configuration ccccceecceccececeseeceeeeeeeeseeeeseneeeeeeeeeseeeeseeeeeesneeeeeseeeseseeseneeeeess 26 Display Configuration ccccccccccseceeeeeeee
78. cy of the input signal Parameters lt Frequency gt RST 1 GHz Default unit Hz Example SENS FREQ CENT 1 2GHZ Defines a frequency of 1 2 GHz Manual operation See Frequency on page 51 SENSe SWEep TIME lt CaptureTime gt This command defines the capture time for the input signal Parameters lt CaptureTime gt RST 20 ms Default unit s 7 6 3 Primary Settings Example SWEep TIME 20ms Defines a capture time of 20 ms Manual operation See Capture Time on page 52 TRACe IQ SRATe lt SampleRate gt This command defines the sample rate for UO measurements Parameters lt SampleRate gt Default unit Hz Example TRAC IQ SRAT 16MHz Specifies a sample rate of 16 MHz Manual operation See Sampling Rate on page 51 Level Settings CONFloure PBOWer AUTO 132 DiSblavlfWiNDow nzTR ACectlSCALelRLEVellbREl rnrn nn nnnnnneene 132 DISPlay WINDow lt n gt TRACe lt t gt Y SCALe RLEVel OFFSet cceccececeeaeeeeeneteeeeneeeees 133 SENSe VOLTage lQ RANGE oi iiaii ioannas eee eae teteeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaesaeasanaaae 133 SENS VOL Tage RT O RANGG tas tececcusseeececer ioonid inara AREE ERNEST 133 CONFigure POWer AUTO lt State gt This command turns the automatic power level routine on and off Parameters lt State gt ON OFF ONCE OFF Power level determination is off ON The ideal p
79. d Power vs Symbol x Carrier JE g Constellation DREI T Figure 5 5 R amp S FS K96 Configuration File Wizard 5 2 1 Overview of the R amp S FS K96 Configuration File Wizard The goal of the R amp S FS K96 Configuration File Wizard is to help you describe your sig nal It enables allocation of pilot symbols and data symbols with a chosen modulation After you have allocated all your cells the R amp S FS K96 Configuration File Wizard can export an xm1 file that can later be loaded as configuration file into the R amp S FS K96 Software R amp S FS K96 K96PC K196 System Configuration File The GUI of the R amp S FS K96 Configuration File Wizard consists of five main areas 1 Step by Step The step by step bar guides the user through the necessary steps in generating a configuration file Please note that steps 5 and 6 need to be repea ted until all cells are allocated 2 Constellation View The constellation diagram on the left hand side visualizes the loaded signal in the UO plane It is possible to zoom in and or to select points that are then highlighted in the Matrix View area Pressing the Ctrl key on your key board allows you to add further cells to your selection The Constellation View area contains a toolbar On the left hand side you can toggle between zoom and selection mode On the right hand side you can choose which constellation points should
80. d data 1 Press the FILE key 2 Press the Export Wizard Data softkey The R amp S FS K96 opens a dialog box to define the file name For more information on the Wizard see Chapter 5 2 1 Overview of the R amp S FS K96 Configuration File Wizard on page 86 Data Management 2 4 4 Limits The R amp S FS K96 allows you to use custom limit definition instead of the predefined limits provided with the software Limits are used in the Result Summary Importing data gt Copy the limit definition file Limits xm1 to SProgram folder Rohde Schwarz OFDM Vector Signal Analysis Software Note that the file name must be limits xml The R amp S FS K96 automatically imports the new limit definitions and applies them The file format for limit definitions is xml The structure of the file is as follows lt Limits gt lt EVMA11 gt lt Unit dB gt lt EVMData gt lt Unit dB gt lt EVMPilot gt lt Unit dB gt lt IQO0ffset gt lt Unit dB gt lt IQGainImbalance gt lt Unit dB gt lt IQQuadratureError gt lt Unit deg gt lt FrequencyError gt lt Unit Hz gt lt SampleClockError gt lt Unit ppm gt lt FramePower gt lt Unit dBm gt lt CrestFactor gt lt Unit dB gt lt Limits gt lt Example lt Limits gt lt EVMA11 Mean 40 Max 30 gt lt Limits gt gt Limit definitions which are not required may be skipped by making no entries or by
81. ddi tional pilots This increases the accuracy of the estimates in good signal to noise envi User Manual 1310 0331 02 07 109 Measurement Result Definitions ronments without data decision errors However if the reference signal matrix A con tains falsely decided data cells the data aided estimation part can corrupt the results and should be omitted 6 2 3 4 Measurement Block The last part of the signal processing chain comprises the user defined compensation and the measurement of modulation quality The measurement block takes the received OFDM symbols R and the previously determined reference OFDM symbols Ax to calculate the error vector magnitude EVM The received OFDM symbols can optionally be compensated by means of phase timing and level deviations as well as the channel transfer function 6 3 Measurement Result Definitions Enror Vector Magnitude EVM s ci cscceseitusaccesiedtdncaeivbadecsenehduandeerdedidneasdunadeeceareadade 110 JEE tesche padanan Ee aiaiai i 111 6 3 1 Error Vector Magnitude EVM The EVM of a cell symbol number I carrier number k is defined as EVM where e rikis the received symbol point in the complex plane of symbol number and car rier number k The received symbol point is compensated by phase and clock errors as well as channel transfer function according to the user settings e aj is the ideal symbol point in the complex plane of symbol number and carrier num
82. deleting the complete tag Numerical results 3 Measurements and Result Displays The OFDM Vector Signal Analysis software features several measurements to exam ine and analyze different aspects of a signal The source of the data that is processed is either a live signal or a previously recorded signal whose characteristics have been saved to a file For more information see Selecting the Input Source In both cases you can perform a continuous or a single measurement Continuous measurements capture and analyze the signal continuously and stop only after you turn it off manually gt Press the Run Cont softkey to start and stop continuous measurements Single measurements capture and analyze the signal over a particular time span or number of frames The measurement stops after the time has passed or the frames have been captured gt Press the Run Sgl softkey to start a single measurement You can also repeat a measurement based on the data that has already been cap tured e g if you want to apply different demodulation settings to the same signal gt Press the Refresh softkey to measure the signal again This chapter provides information on all types of measurements that the OFDM Vector Signal Analysis software supports While the measurement is running certain events may cause it to fail A corresponding error message is displayed in the status bar and stored in the error log SCPI command INITiate IMMedi
83. e Refresh Start R amp S FS K96 Configuration File Wizard Shows a preview of the signal and probable errors 4 2 1 2 Symbol Characteristics The Symbol Characteristics contain settings to configure the OFDM symbol in the time domain The Symbol Characteristics are part of the Signal Description tab of the Demod Settings dialog box Signal Description Demodulation Control FFT Length l 64 Samples Cyclic Prefix Length 16 Samples Configuration i OFDM Symbol Characteristics FFT LO EE 66 ee Al LEE 66 CHENG Profix ele Ire 67 FFT Length FFT Length specifies the length of the FFT area of an FDM symbol in time domain in number of samples This parameter is editable only when manual configuration is selected Remote command CONFigure SYMBol1 NFFT on page 148 Cyclic Prefix Length Cyclic Prefix Length specifies the length of the Cyclic Prefix area of an OFDM or GFDM symbol in time domain in number of samples Note that in case of an UFMC waveform the Cyclic Prefix Length has no effect User Manual 1310 0331 02 07 66 Demodulation Settings Remote command CONFigure SYMBol NGUard lt guardnum gt on page 148 Cyclic Prefix Configuration Cyclic Prefix Configuration opens a dialog that allows you to configure the non con ventional cyclic prefix mode Available for OFDM waveforms Conventional Mode Every OFDM symbol has the same cyclic prefix length Two Different Cyclic Prefix Len
84. e first sample of the preamble Manual operation See Frame Offset on page 69 7 10 Demodulation Control General SetingSiixiniidintsiiee heeded a EEN A A EEE a ANES 151 Synchronizalon Ende 152 Compensation SettingS c cccccccccccceeceeneeececeeeeeaeeeceaeeeeaaeeseceessaaeesseueeestaaeeneaes 154 s AOVANCCE e E 155 7 10 1 General Settings SENSEI DEMOd FORMAR BURSE ciccia nana aa aa E SEA EATA 151 SENS DEMOd FORMIE MAXF TAME Snc eege aces cerenatacensetscceddeusdadveenevinedaneesaadeceee 152 SENSe DEMod FORMatNOFSYmbols cic cscsesisecestecdeavesecedegde an eae cyte nasii iieri eddeEEn 152 SENSe DEMod FORMat BURSt lt State gt This command turns a search for bursted OFDM signals on and off Demodulation Control Parameters lt State gt ON OFF RST ON Example DEM FORM BURS ON Turns on the burst search Manual operation See Burst Search on page 71 SENSe DEMod FORMat MAXFrames lt Frames gt This command defines the maximum number of frames to be demodulated Parameters lt Frames gt Numeric value RST 1 Example DEM FORM MAXF 10 Defines a maximum of 10 frames to be demodulated Manual operation See Maximum Frames to Analyze on page 71 SENSe DEMod FORMat NOFSymbols lt Symbols gt This command defines the number of symbols in a frame Note that frames with less symbols are not analyzed Parameters lt Symbols gt RST 10
85. e signal processing chain e Press the Misc Statistic softkey e Press the Report softkey Demodulation Report E ic 0 9838 CP sync fractional bin offset 0 00062617 Frame 1 Frame syne metric 0 99972 Integer bin offset 0 Synchronisation Burst 2 CP syne metric 0 98364 CP sync fractional bin offset 0 00062883 Frame 1 Frame syne metric 0 99972 Integer bin offset 0 Synchronisation Burst 3 CP sync metric 0 98348 CP sync fractional bin offset 0 00062937 Frame 1 Channel estimation passed Symbolwise estimation passed Modulation detection passed Data decision passed IQ impairment deltaQ 0 00061 96 0 0003684i Pilot aided estimation on frame 2 Bin offset 0 00083678 Figure 3 21 Demodulation Report Remote command not supported Allocation Matrix The Allocation Matrix display is a graphical representation of the allocation matrix i e structure matrix defined in the configuration file It is possible to use the marker in order to get more detailed information on the individual cells e Press the Misc Statistic softkey e Press the Allocation Matrix softkey R amp S FS K96 K96PC K196 Measurements and Result Displays Alloc Matrix Config File 0 Carrier Number Figure 3 22 Allocation Matrix Remote command not supported 3 4 Result Summary The Result Summary table is displayed for UO measurements when the display mode is set to LIST This table shows the overall scalar
86. eRSBAT tne nn a a a aa Naaa 150 SENSe DEMod GFDM FILTer OLAPping lt FilterWidth gt This command defines a factor that controls the width of the subcarrier filter in the fre quency domain Available for GFDM waveforms Parameters lt FilterWidth gt lt numeric value gt RST 0 Example DEM GFDM FILT OLAP 2 Defines an overlapping factor of 2 Manual operation See Overlapping on page 70 SENSe DEMod GFDM FILTer ROFactor lt Rolloff gt This command defines the roll off factor for the GFDM subcarrier filter Available for GFDM waveforms Parameters lt Rolloff gt lt numeric value gt RST 0 Example DEM GFDM FILT ROF 2 Defines a roll off factor of 2 Signal Description Manual operation See Roll Off on page 70 SENSe DEMod GFDM FliLTer TYPE lt FilterT ype gt This command selects the filter type used for measurements on GFDM waveforms Parameters lt FilterType gt RC RRC RST RRC Example DEM GFDM FILT TYPE RRC Selects an RRC filter Manual operation See Filter Type on page 70 SENSe DEMod UFMC FILTer LENGth lt FilterLength gt This command defines the filter length of the filter used to analyze the UFMC wave form Available for UFMC waveforms Parameters lt FilterLength gt lt numeric value gt RST 10 Default unit Samples Example DEM UFMC FILT LENG 100 Defines a filter l
87. ed by colors The corresponding color map is displayed at the top of the result display All analyzed frames are concatenated in symbol direction Remote command CALC FEED EVM EVSC TRACe DATA EVM vs Carrier The EVM vs Carrier display shows the EVM of each carrier of the received signal frames in dB or depending on the unit settings with statistics in symbol direction e Press the EVM softkey e Press the EVM vs Carrier softkey EVM vs Carrier All Symbols Maximum 2 Minimum Figure 3 8 EVM vs Carrier Display You can display the EVM vs carrier for a particular symbol with the EVM Selection function E S S EE User Manual 1310 0331 02 07 40 R amp S FS K96 K96PC K196 Measurements and Result Displays Remote command CALC FEED EVM EVCA TRACe DATA EVM vs Symbol The EVM vs Symbol display shows the EVM of each symbol of the received signal frames in dB or depending on the unit settings with statistics in carrier direction All analyzed frames are concatenated in symbol direction with blue lines marking the frame borders Carriers which contain Zero cells over the complete symbol range e g guard carriers or DC carrier are excluded from the statistic e Press the EVM softkey e Press the EVM vs Symbol softkey EVM vs Symbol All Carriers Maximum Minimum 40 50 Symbol Number Figure 3 9 EVM vs Symbol Display You can display the EVM vs symbol for a particular carrier with the
88. eed to generate the configuration structure man ually It is recommended to use this class The Matlab class OfdmSys is stored in the installation directory OfdmSys O OFDM vector Signal Analysis Software Qo CONFIGURATIONS O RS CompassStandalone SIGNALS TOoLs MATLAB fae OFdmSys VIDEOS and contains the following functions Matlab Configuration File Format Table 5 1 Overview of the Member Functions of the Matlab Class OfdmSys Member Function Description c OfdmSys Default Constructor and parameterized c OfdmSys iNOfSymbols iNfft iNg constructor c Init iNOfSymbols iNfft iNg Initialize a new system configuration c SetSystem sSystem Describe the OFDM system c SetDescription sDescription c SetConstellation vfcValue sName Define a constellation vector c SetCell iSymbol iCarrier Zero Define a specific cell of the OFDM system c SetCell iSymbol iCarrier Pilot fcValue c SetCell iSymbol iCarrier Data sConstName c SetCell iSymbol iCarrier DontCare c SetPreamble iBlockLength iFrameOffset Define a repetitive preamble symbol c LoadConfigFile sFileName Load or save a system configuration file c SaveConfigFile sFileName The following part describes the functions and the input parameters of the Matlab Class OfdmSys in detail Furthermore a short example is given for all of the fun
89. eeeeeeeeneeeeeeeeeeeneeeseeeesesnaeeseeeseesnaeeseeesseeseeeenenees 27 Data Mana Genie Nena TT 28 dl EE 28 NO Data E 29 Demodulation Data iis cited wine ern ane Sena dee ae ase 31 LIIS oe ica aac en eege 32 Measurements and Result DisplayS cccccsssssseeeeeeeesessneeeeeees 33 Numerical results aerieni aR EEEE fared as cance duce eege 33 Graphical RESUMES ii ccc isscece dc ecccectdevses devel evescecendcssacecaceusancecdensuaceeceextencecucabsasesceassvetvetss 34 VQ MEASUPEM ET 36 Power Measurements ehre EES A 36 EVM Measurements eseu EEN 39 Channel MGasurements iecctigesis2 cacessbets cocannsaelenesisactteeracd eege deg 43 Constellation MeasurementtS 2 sccsesccceaesecccneseteeccnenensaenseeenesenccnsbesdaneenentiendeneabnaeneaes 44 Statistics and Miscellaneous Measurements 46 34 Result SUM Mary vc cccciccvcccecssscdetenes ccesnneved ccce venedscaceevecscdveastead sete devan adanada danadana annaa 49 A Setting S sisisi tessa seca w tarde esas cae Piacente ean ates EENAA eae main 50 A1 ETC d CN 50 AVA Primary Settings essiri daanin aa anan raana aaia araa I ARARE 50 4 1 2 Advanced Geittngs netrn ttnnetnnttnntsnnntstensttesstnnnsttnsennsenn nenen nnt 56 4 1 3 Measurement Settings rst nsetrnetnnetnnttnntstnntttenstntsstnsnstnnsennntn nenn net 60 4 2 Demodulation Settings lt cccicccccecsceccessssseteessecsceeceassasteecesccotseeesscastieeesscusteeeasscczieeessce 63 ADA el ERR le ET 63 4 2 2 Demodulation Control 70 5 Sys
90. eekNedAEEEUERSSTENNE e deEENee dE devas vaeteias laceeeed ee deer 154 Advanced Settings vivivsscccasintesnievneceesiineseadsieviecd niii ia AN aS ean 155 File Manageme Mbt siicsccccicccesccecsiccccccesseceescecssceesscetieccesceeeie cen stueaaeeeseuneiescesvveciesesevsteesses 156 Display Settings scciicccscccvssescested cccssesvesedeceseces sede cdedeid vested secee evvesivensened scuessesteecteuavesis 158 RO ae ann GS ln sa das coset ee eae eee ees 161 IT E 164 Installing the Software 1 Welcome to R amp S FS K96 e Installing the Software AAA 7 Teen the SOWA E eege dee deel tition annie 12 Starting Kin 16 TINS U SUC E 17 1 1 Installing the Software Working with the R amp S FS K96 requires the installation of the software itself and the installation of several software components The best way to install the software and the required components is to use the browser tool that is delivered with the software If you install the software from a CD ROM systems that support the AutoRun func tionality of the MS Windows operating system automatically start the browser If the system does not support the AutoRun feature or if you install the software from the download package available on the internet you have to start the browser manually NET Framework NET Framework 2 0 or higher is required to run both the browser tool and the soft ware If opening the browser tool results in an error message install the NET Framewor
91. ells viCarrier Carrier numbers of cells Pilot vfcValue Complex pilot values Data sConstName Name of the data constellation Output parameter Cc Modified object Example cOfdmSys SetCell cOfdmSys 4 26 22 20 8 6 1 13 6 8 20 22 26 Data BPSK Special requirements The Generic OFDM analyzer has a minimum requirement about the number and the location of the pilot cells The number of pilot cells must be at least 4 At least two different symbols must contain pilot cells At least two different carriers must contain pilot cells SET_PREAMBLE This function sets the repetitive preamble parameters optional parameter needed for time synchronization on preamble c SetPreamble c iBlockLength iFrameOffset Input parameter ic Input object iBlockLength Length of one repetitive block in num ber of samples iFrameOffset Offset of preamble start to frame start Output parameter c Modified object Example cOfdmSys SetPreamble cOfdmSys 16 0 Special requirements The definition of a repetitive preamble is optional and not necessary if cyclic prefix synchronisation is used If the offset is zero or negative the preamble is also contained within the frame and is used for further estimation processes SAVE_CONFIG_FILE This function generates and saves a configuration file from the current system configuration to be used within R amp S F
92. em configuration if a configuration file was previ ously in use Example CONF SYST MAN Selects manual system configuration Manual operation See Manual Configuration on page 64 MMEMory LOAD CFGFile lt Path gt This command restores an OFDM configuration file For more information see Chapter 5 1 Matlab Configuration File Format on page 75 and Chapter 5 2 XML Configuration File Format on page 84 Parameters lt Path gt String containing the path and file name Supported file types are mat and xml Example MMEM LOAD CFGF C TEMP K96Test mat Restores configuration stored in the file K96Test mat Usage Setting only Manual operation See Configuration File on page 64 SENSe DEMod AMODe lt AnalysisMode gt This command selects the multicarrier waveform type that you would like to analyze 7 9 2 Signal Description Parameters lt AnalysisMode gt GFDM GFDM waveform OFDM OFDM waveform UFMC UFMC waveform RST OFDM Example DEM AMOD GFDM Selects a GFDM waveform Manual operation See Analysis Mode on page 64 Symbol Characteristics CONFigurelis Y MBol GUARA MODE TE 147 CONFlouret SvMpollGUlAbRd ouardnumzNGvMbols cece eaeaee een eeeeneeeteneneeeees 147 GONFigure SYMBol GUARG PEROJ inensis aa EE ENEE 148 CONFighire SYMBOl NFF Treniram ENNEN BRENGE ENEE EEEEEE ee 148 CONFiguire SYMB INGUand lt quand TE 148 CONFi
93. em description which are displayed within the text fields Demodulation Settings Note It is also possible to load a configuration file by drag and drop Remote command MMEMory LOAD CFGFile on page 146 Configuration with Wizard Generate Configuration File opens a dialog that displays the necessary settings for a burst detection and a coarse timing synchronization Based on these results it is then possible to start the R amp S FS K96 Configuration File Wizard see Figure 5 5 and to generate a configuration file Note that the Wizard is not supported for UFMC and GFDM waveforms The dialog box consists of the following elements e Input Settings M Input Settings Input Source File For more information see Chapter 4 1 1 5 Input Settings on page 54 e Data Capture Settings M Data Capture Settings Frequency 1 GHz Sampling Rate 20 MH Capture Time Ir Das For more information see Chapter 4 1 1 2 Data Capture Settings on page 51 e General Demodulation Settings General Demodulation Settings Burst Search I Result Length 10 e OFDM Symbol Characteristics OFDM Symbol Characteristics FFT Lenath 6 amp Samples Cyclic Prefix Length IO Samples Config For more information see Chapter 4 2 1 2 Symbol Characteristics on page 66 e Visualization R amp S FS K96 K96PC K196 Settings Visualization 10000 20000 40000 Sample Time Run Singl
94. ength of 100 samples Manual operation See Filter Length on page 70 SENSe DEMod UFMC FILTer SBATten lt StopBandAtten gt This command defines the stop band attenuation for UFMC waveforms Parameters lt StopBandAtten gt lt numeric value gt RST 60 Default unit dB Example DEM UFMC FILT SBAT 3 Defines a stop band attenuation of 3 dB Manual operation See Stop Band Attenuation on page 70 7 9 4 Preamble Symbol Characteristics CONFigtire PREamBleIBUENQUN 2 0gezeEEENERNEEREER ege ERNENE E AEEENEE AEN EEENEEDEEEEENEN AE 151 GCONFigure PREambletF OF FS b 2 ueecccce seve vesivntveesneeevvestecvaeersieccrdineieesce vee vandeeieeeveneeeae 151 Demodulation Control CONFigure PREamble BLENgth lt BlockLength gt This command defines the length of a block within a preamble symbol Note that the command has no effect when you measure UFMC signals Parameters lt BlockLength gt RST 0 Default unit samples Example CONF PRE BLEN 32 Defines a block length of 32 samples Manual operation See Block Length on page 68 CONFigure PREamble FOFFset lt FrameOffset gt This command defines the frame offset Note that the command has no effect when you measure UFMC signals Parameters lt FrameOffset gt Distance from the first preamble sample to the first sample of the frame RST 0 Example CONF PRE FOFF 0 Defines a frame offset of 0 samples Thus the frame starts with th
95. ent Geitings entnte teertnetstnnsernsstnnstunennoeenuennnnn neten 60 4 1 1 Primary Settings The Primary Settings contain general settings to configure the measurement The Primary Settings tab is part of the General Settings dialog box e Instrument Seting S serunai aaia SEENEN 50 Data Capture SSUM S nonren innn o ANNS 51 En EE 52 TOO S ISSUING aise oseacheiaad E E Saaetunelaseadiel as E 53 EE S SUG EE 54 4 1 1 1 Instrument Settings The Instrument Settings contain settings that define the type of instrument you are using The Instrument Settings are part of the Primary tab of the General Settings dialog box 4 1 1 2 General Settings Primary Advanced Meas Instrument Settings Instrument Type Oscilloscope e RTO Input Channel CH1 e eru KE 51 REO Tpit Cae leet eee hee ees eect a aS aE aateed neha vee ese 51 Instrument Type Selects the type of instrument you are using to analyze the UO data You can use a spectrum analyzer or oscilloscope For more information on supported instruments see Chapter 2 1 Instrument Connection on page 21 Remote command CONFigure INSTrument TYPE on page 130 RTO Input Channel Selects the input channel you have applied the signal to Input channel selection is avilable for measurements with an oscilloscope Remote command CONFigure RTO CHANnel on page 131 Data Capture Settings The Data Capture Settings contain settings that describe the physical
96. erators The iqw files can be used to test the configuration file and make first measurements with the generated configuration file 5 1 2 1 IQ data files for R amp S Signal Analyzers iqw file ofdmsys_generator m The Matlab tools directory of R amp S FS K96 contains the file ofdmsys_generator m This file generates a test signal from a given configuration file and saves the signal as iqw iili qqqq file for use in R amp S FS K96 This iqw file is stored in the same direc tory as the ofdmsys_generator mfile and the filename equals the configuration file name with iqw as file extension Matlab Configuration File Format 5 1 2 2 Ofdmsys_generator m This function generates an UO data file iqw file which can be loaded into R amp S FS K96 from any configuration file vfcSignal ofdmsys_ generator sConfigFileName iNOfFrames iNOfIdleSymbols Input parameter sConfigFileName Configuration file name iNOfFrames Number of frames to be gener ated iNOfIdleSymbols Number of idle symbols between bursts and at start and end of sig nal Output parameter vfcSignal Generated signal vector Examples o Generation of a continuous signal ofdmsys_generator example mat 2 0 o Generation of a bursted signal ofdmsys_ generator example mat 2 1 UO data files for R amp S Signal Generators wv file mat2wv m R amp S FS K96 offers another helpful file withi
97. es the time offset between the trigger signal and the start of the sweep A negative offset corresponds to a pre trigger The trigger offset is available for all trigger sources except the Free Run source Remote command TRIGger SEQuence HOLDoff on page 134 Trigger Level Defines the threshold for the External or IF Power trigger source The unit of the trigger level is either V external trigger or dBm IF power trigger Note that you can use automatic trigger level determination Auto Level when you use an IF Power trigger spectrum analyzers only If on trigger threshold is deter mined automatically by the software before each measurement Remote command Trigger level external trigger TRIGger SEQuence LEVel EXTernal on page 134 Trigger level IF power trigger TRIGger SEQuence LEVel POWer on page 134 Automatic trigger level TRIGger SEQuence LEVel POWer AUTO on page 135 Input Settings The Input settings contain settings to configure the input source of the signal ana lyzer The Input Settings are part of the Primary tab of the General Settings dialog box Primary Advanced Meas Input Settings Source Fie D Channel Eiter Standard v Bandwidth 6 dB 20 MHz Filter Order Normal Y 96 General Settings Ter EE 55 tt KT EE 55 VCP elt UGC ES E 55 Filter 6 EE 55 Source Selects the data source of the OFDM demodulator The R amp S FS K96 suppo
98. est of the frame e g 802 11ac In this case the length of the second range is extended till the end of the demodulated frame Therefore the length of the second range cannot be specified in this case Figure 4 3 Non Conventional Cyclic Prefix Case Non Periodic Mode Remote command Cyclic prefix mode CONFigure SYMBol1 GUARd MODE on page 147 Periodic cyclic prefix CONFigure SYMBol GUARd PERiodic on page 148 Number of symbols CONFigure SYMBol GUARd lt guardnum gt NSYMbols on page 147 Cyclic prefix length CONFigure SYMBol NGUard lt guardnum gt on page 148 Preamble Symbol Characteristics The Preamble Symbol Characteristics contain settings to configure the preamble in the time domain The Preamble Symbol Characteristics are part of the Signal Description tab of the Demod Settings dialog box The Preamble Symbol Characteristics have an effect if you have turned on preamble based time synchronization Signal Description Demodulation Control Preamble Symbol Characteristics Block Length l 16 Samples Frame Offset 560 Samples Eee AE LEE 68 Fame OMGE none n anaana aa a aaa 69 Block Length Block Length specifies the length of one data block within the repetitive preamble in number of samples Note that the Block Length has no effect for measurements on UFMC waveforms 4 2 1 4 4 2 1 5 Demodulation Settings Remote command CONFigure PREamble B
99. ettings MMEMory STORe Q STATe lt Path gt This command writes the UO data currently in the capture buffer into a file The data format is 32 bit floating point The order of the data is II 1QQ Q Parameters lt Path gt String containing the path and name of the target file The file extension is iqw If a file with the name already exists it will be overwritten Example MMEM STOR 1Q STAT C TEMP MyCapture iqw Saves the UO data to the file MyCapture iqw Usage Setting only MMEMory STORe STATe lt Path gt This command writes the current software settings to a file Parameters lt Path gt String containing the path and name of the target file The file extension is ovsa If a file with the name already exists it will be overwritten Example MMEM STOR STAT C TEMP K96Test ovsa Saves the current software configuration to the file K96Test ovsa Usage Setting only 7 12 Display Settings DISP el EE 158 DISPlayEWINDow n gt SELGGL E 159 HCOPyEIMMediate era anaa aA A EAEE a NENET 159 IMEEM EE 159 DISPlay FORMat lt Format gt This command selects the screen format Display Settings Parameters lt Format gt SING Single screen mode Measurement results are displayed in a single measurement window SPL Split screen mode Measurement results are displayed in two measurement win dows RST SPL Example DISP FORM SING Selects full screen mode
100. f a UFMC waveform Transceiver chain The transceiver chain of an UFMC waveform is similar to that of an OFDM waveform However because of the filtering characteristics of an UFMC waveform it adds an additional filtering stage in the signal processing chain As mentioned above the filters applied to the different sub bands x can each have a different length L The windowing process can be applied for spectral shaping and multi user interference suppression not necessarily on all sub bands 6 2 6 2 1 Signal Processing IDFT spreader Filter f wi os P S Length L Baseband to RF Baseband to RF MAPPER Symbol Domain Freq Domain Time Domain KS l 2N point FFT ES Figure 6 15 Transmission chain of a UFMC waveform figure based on Schaich et al Waveform contenders for 5G Suitability for short packet and low latency transmission VTC Spring 2014 Seoul Korea Time domain preprocessing e g windowing S P Frequency domain symbol processing Signal Processing Data le e DEE 105 CSM ENEE 106 e OFDM Measurement cece ccc cceecceceeee cee eeceeesceaeeeeceeeeseaaeueeeeeeauaneseeeeesauaneeeeeeeaas 108 Data Capturing The analyzer software runs on an external PC and operates a signal analyzer by remote control via LAN or GPIB Several mixer stages convert the RF signal to an intermediate frequency IF which is digitized by an A D converter The signal process ing follo
101. formation on Signal Types 6 Measurements in Detail This section provides a detailed explanation of the measurements provided by the OFDM VSA and provides help to measure the characteristics of specific types of DUT e General Information on Signal TYPG S 1 eeeEEEERAEEEEEERENEEEEEERAEEEEEEEEREEEEEEERENEEEE NEEN 96 e Sonal PROCSSSUNG EE 105 e Measurement Result Deimtons AAA 110 6 1 General Information on Signal Types Se Gi 96 e OFDM EE 103 SIT LEE 104 6 1 1 OFDM e ci EE 96 OFDM Parameter e WE 98 6 1 1 1 OFDMA In an OFDM system the available spectrum is divided into multiple carriers called sub carriers which are orthogonal to each other Each of these subcarriers is independ ently modulated by a low rate data stream OFDM is used as well in WLAN WiMAX and broadcast technologies like DVB OFDM has several benefits including its robustness against multipath fading and its efficient receiver architecture Figure 6 1 shows a representation of an OFDM signal taken from 3GPP TR 25 892 Data symbols are independently modulated and transmitted over a high number of closely spaced orthogonal subcarriers In the OFDM VSA common modulation schemes as QPSK 16QAM and 64QAM can be defined as well as arbitrary distrib uted constellation points In the time domain a guard interval may be added to each symbol to combat inter OFDM symbol interference due to channel delay spread In EUTRA the guard interval is a cyclic prefix
102. ge Query only FETCh SUMMary QUADerror MAXimum FETCh SUMMary QUADerror MINimum FETCh SUMMary QUADerror AVERage This command queries the Quadrature Error result Parameters lt QuadratureError gt Quadrature error in degree Example FETC SUMM QUAD Returns average Quadrature Error Usage Query only FETCh SUMMary SERRor MAXimum FETCh SUMMary SERRor MINimum FETCh SUMMary SERRor AVERage This command queries the Sample Clock Error result Parameters lt SampleClockError gt Sample clock error in ppm 7 5 7 6 7 6 1 Primary Settings Example FETC SUMM SERR Returns average sample clock error in ppm Usage Query only Instrument Connection CONFloure ADDbess anahzerz reren tn tutte aaa aaaaeaeceteeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeeeeeeesasaea 130 CONFigure ADDRess lt analyzer gt lt Address gt This command defines the network address of measurement equipment Parameters lt Address gt String containing the address of the analyzer Connections are possible via TCP IP or GPIB Depending on the type of connection the string has the following syntax GPIB board lt PrimaryAddress gt lt SecondaryAddress INSTR TCPIP board lt HostAddress gt lt LANDevice gt INSTR Example CONF ADDR TCPIP 192 168 0 1 Defines a TCP IP connection CONF ADDR GPIB 28 Defines a GPIB connection Manual operation See Configure Instrument Connection on page 26 Primary Set
103. ger see TRIGger SEQuence MODE Parameters lt Level gt External trigger level RST 1 4 V Default unit V Example TRIG LEV 1 V Defines an external trigger level of 1 V Manual operation See Trigger Level on page 54 TRIGger SEQuence LEVel POWer lt Power gt This command defines the trigger level for an IF power trigger The command is available for measurements with a power trigger see TRIGger SEQuence MODE Parameters lt Power gt Example Manual operation Primary Settings Trigger level in dBm RST 0 Default unit dBm TRIG LEV POW 10 Defines a trigger level of 10 dBm See Trigger Level on page 54 TRIGger SEQuence LEVel POWer AUTO lt State gt This command turns automatic calculation of the ideal power trigger level on and off The command is available for measurements with an IF power trigger see TRIGger SEQuence MODE Parameters lt State gt Example Manual operation ON Performs a test measurement prior to the main measurement to determine the ideal power trigger level OFF Requires manual definition of the power trigger level RST OFF TRIG LEV POW AUTO 1 Turns on automatic trigger level determination See Trigger Level on page 54 TRIGger SEQuence MODE lt Mode gt This command selects the trigger source or mode Parameters lt Mode gt Example Manual operation IMMediate Auto
104. gths M Configuration Symbols Samples Range 1 10 x 16 Range 2 0x H Periodic Repeat Range 1 and Range 2 E Non Periodic Extend Range 2 Till End of Frame In the conventional cyclic prefix mode all FDM symbols have the same cyclic prefix length In the non conventional cyclic prefix mode some OFDM symbols have different cyclic prefix lengths than others One well known FDM system where different cyclic prefix lengths can occur in one frame is e g LTE In the non conventional case we distinguish between the periodic mode and the non periodic mode In the periodic mode see Figure 4 2 one Slot that consists of the two ranges that can be defined in this dialog is repeated over and over until the number of symbols specified by the result range parameter is reached e g LTE Slot ESAS sve Figure 4 2 Non Conventional Cyclic Prefix Case Periodic Mode Symbols Samples Ranger esch Range B 2 e Number of Symbols Range 1 1 Specifies the length of the first range in symbols e First Cyclic Prefix Length 2 Specifies the length of the first cyclic prefix in samples e Number of Symbols Range 2 3 Specifies the length of the second range in symbols e Second Cyclic Prefix Length 4 Specifies the length of the second cyclic prefix in samples 4 2 1 3 Demodulation Settings In the non periodic case see Figure 4 3 a fixed preamble has a different cyclic prefix length than the r
105. guration File Configuration File C Program Files x86 Rohde Schwar GES WimaxO fdm_DL_G1_16_16QAM WiMax OFDM DownlinkTg Tb 1 16 Data modulation 16QAM Preamble included in frame Select the file WimaxOfdm DL _G1_16 16QAM mat The file is in the CONFIGURATIONS directory of the software program folder Press the Run Gol key The R amp S FS K96 opens a dialog box to select a signal file Select the file WimaxOfdm_ DL Gi Ip 16QAM iq tar The file is in the STGNALS directory of the software program folder If the installation was successful the software should display a valid measurement result R amp S FS K96 K96PC K196 Welcome to R amp S FS K96 Constellation Diagram CHANNEL HA MISC STATISTIC K Real Pait SECH ER ER 1 1 3 Deinstalling R amp S FS K96 You can uninstall the software itself via the uninstall tool available in the Windows Start Menu folder or via Add or Remove Software in the Windows Control Panel The Framework components have to be uninstalled manually via Add or Remove Soft ware in the Windows Control Panel Before uninstalling the components make sure that no other software uses one of the components The following components and programs have been installed e Microsoft NET Framework 2 0 e Microsoft Visual C 2005 Redistributable e Matlab Component Runtime 7 11 e Intel Integrated Performance Primitives RTI4 1 e R amp S Port Mapper e Rohde a
106. gure SYMBol GUARd MODE lt Mode gt This command selects the type of cyclic prefix Parameters lt Mode gt CONV Conventional cyclic prefix mode GU2 Cyclic prefix with two different lengths RST CONV Example CONF GUAR MODE GU2 Selects a cyclic prefix with two different lengths CONF GUAR PER OFF Turns periodic cyclic prefix ranges off CONF GUAR1 NSYM 5 CONF GUAR2 NSYM 10 Defines the number of symbols for both cyclic prefixes 5 and 10 Manual operation See Cyclic Prefix Configuration on page 67 CONFigure SYMBol GUARd lt guardnum gt NSYMbols lt Symbols gt This command defines the number of symbols in the first and second cyclic prefix This command is available for non conventional cyclic prefixes If the cyclic prefixes are periodic the suffix has to be 2 Signal Description For more information see CONFigure SYMBol GUARd MODE CONFigure SYMBol GUARd PERiodic on page 148 Suffix lt guardnum gt 1 2 Selects the guard interval In case of non periodic cyclic prefixes the suffix is irrelevant Parameters lt Symbols gt Numeric value that defines the number of symbols Example See CONFigure SYMBol GUARd MODE on page 147 Manual operation See Cyclic Prefix Configuration on page 67 CONFigure SYMBol GUARd PERiodic lt State gt This command turns periodic cyclic prefix ranges on and off The command is available for non conventional cyclic prefixes
107. he Auto button again If the automatic gain correction still fails try another reference constellation or use the Gain slider to center the points in the constellation markers manually XML Configuration File Format Constellation gt Skci Gen Nol alocatd Pohe Gun Const latior Markers O Oi E ODOOOQOSD Bola EEN O GAG Figure 5 7 Example of a Constellation Diagram for a Synchronized WLAN Signal after the Gain Syn chronization Cell Selection and Allocation Step 5 and 6 Your next goal is to allocate selected points as pilot symbols data symbols zeros or Don t care symbols You should already have selected constellation points from the gain synchronization procedure Check their position in the Frame Power matrix and decide whether they are pilot symbols or data symbols Go to step 6 and look at the colored area of the GUI There you can choose your allocation type For the WLAN sample signal you should allocate the 64QAM cells as data symbols Optionally you can assign a name to this specific allocation by typing into the text box Then click on the Check icon to actually do the allocation Constellation Markers Allocation fe4aam x gt Allocate as Data DI Boosting 1 000 al gt Auto Data_6404M Undo last allocation Radius al r gt The constellation cells that have just been allocated will now disappear from the Con stellation View You can toggle their visi
108. he Measurement 1 Press the Run Gol hotkey to start the measurement After the R amp S FS K96 has finished the sweep it shows the results of the measure ment By default it shows the Capture Buffer result display and the Constellation Dia gram 2 Press the Display Graph List softkey to show numerical results instead of the graphical results Comiguration wana oA TeampingFrenuener annomne Refteer Jaona Frcuency Dr a T Joa 7 apture Lengi ve Prats Langth RF FSO Capture Budfer Samples 40009 MISC e suen H RK RN Rm Figure 1 3 Successful WLAN Measurement with the R amp S FS K96 a a S S E User Manual 1310 0331 02 07 20 Instrument Connection 2 General Configuration 2 1 2 1 1 The R amp S FS K96 allows you to configure global characteristics that are independent of measurements and do not have any effects on them INSUUIMENE COMMS CUON DEE 21 Software ee TT 26 Display Configurators Asi nalts nieten dain 27 Data MAMAG OMG EE 28 Instrument Connection In order to be able to communicate with an analyzer R amp S FSQ R amp S FSUP R amp S FSG R amp S FSV R amp S FSVR or R amp S FSW or oscilloscope R amp S RTO family you have to connect it to a computer You can use the IEEE bus GPIB or a local area net work LAN FSQ FSG FSUP FSV FSVR FSW requirement Any e R amp S FSQ as of firmware version 4 35 e R amp S FSG as of firmware version 4 39 e R amp S FSUP as of f
109. he command returns one value for each trace point lt group delay gt The unit is always ns The following parameters are supported e TRACE1 Returns the average group delay over all frames e TRACE2 Returns the minimum group delay found over all frames e TRACE3 Returns the maximum group delay found over all frames Channel Impulse Response For the Channel Impulse Response result display the command returns one value for each trace point lt impulse response gt The channel impulse response is the inverse FFT of the estimated channel transfer function The time axis spans one FFT interval The following parameters are supported e TRACE1 Returns the average impulse response over all frames e TRACE2 Returns the minimum impulse response found over all frames e TRACE3 Returns the maximum impulse response found over all frames Constellation Diagram For the Constellation Diagram the command returns two values for each constellation point lt I FO Symb0 Carrier1 gt lt Q FO SymbO Carrier1 gt lt I FO SymbO Carrier n gt lt Q FO Symb0 Car rier n gt lt I FO Symb1 Carrier1 gt lt Q FO Symb1 Carrier1 gt lt I FO Symb1 Carrier n gt lt Q FO Symb1 Car rier n gt lt I FO Symb n Carrier1 gt lt Q FO Symb n Carrier1 gt lt I FO Symb n Carrier n gt lt Q FO Symb n Carrier n gt lt I F1 Symb0 Carrier1 gt lt Q F1
110. her IQIQIQ or TII 1000 Q Example 0x1D86E7BB in hexadecimal notation will be decoded to 7 0655481E 3 Format iqw ASCII ASCII data in the iqw format is expected as and Q values in one of the following orders TOTOIO lt or III 10Q0 Q Format wv The waveform format wv is based on encrypted data The format complies with the waveform format that is used by the R amp S Signal Genera tors and R amp S WinIQSIM Software for example Format iq tar binary An iq tar file contains UO data in binary format together with meta information that describes the nature and the source of data for example the sample rate The objec tive of the iq tar file format is to separate UO data from the meta information while still having both inside one file In addition the file format allows you to include customized data An iq tar file must contain the following files e UO parameter xml file Contains meta information about the UO data e g sample rate The filename can be defined freely but there must be only one single UO parameter ml file inside an iq tar file e 1 Q data binary file Contains the binary UO data of all channels There must be only one single UO data binary file inside an iq tar file Optionally an iq tar file can contain the following file e UO preview xslt file Contains a stylesheet to display the UO parameter xml file and a preview of the I Q data in a web browser Dat
111. i vu 7 lk er 81 6 MHz 326 4 MHz Lo 326 4 MHz to 400 Hz 326 4 MHz Figure 6 16 Data Capturing Mechanism of the R amp S FSQ Channel Filter The FS K96 can use the internal channel filter of the instrument or apply an adjustable lowpass filter The Table 6 1 lists the filter bandwidths of the internal channel filter which are fully equalized within the digital hardware Table 6 1 Internal analyzer bandwidth depending on the target sampling rate sampling rate bandwidth max bandwidth R amp S FSQ 400 Hz to 81 6 MHz 0 8 x sampling rate 28 MHz w o R amp S FSQ B72 81 6 MHz to 326 4 MHz 0 68 x sampling rate 120 MHz with R amp S FSQ B72 with R amp S FSQ B72 R amp S FSG 400 Hz to 81 6 MHz 0 8 x sampling rate 28 MHz w o R amp S FSQ B72 R amp S FSV 100 Hz to 32 MHz 0 8 x sampling rate 32 MHz to 45 MHz 0 625 x sampling rate 28 MHz w o R amp S FSV B70 45 MHz to 128 MHz 0 625 x sampling rate 40 MHz with R amp S FSV B70 with R amp S FSV B70 R amp S FSVR 100 Hz to 32 MHz 0 8 x sampling rate 32 MHz to 128 MHz 0 625 x sampling rate 40 MHz R amp S FSW 100 Hz to 1 GHz 0 8 x sampling rate 10 MHz for 100 Hz lt sampling rate lt max bandwidth 0 8 28 MHz with R amp S FSW B28 max bandwidth 40 MHz with R amp S FSW B40 for sampling rate 80 MHz with R amp S FSW B80 gt max bandwidth 0 8 160 MHz with R amp S FSW B160 320 MHz with R amp S FSW B320 R amp S RTO 1 kHz to 10 GHz 0 8 x samp
112. ics in carrier direction e Press the Power softkey e Press the Power vs Symbol softkey User Manual 1310 0331 02 07 37 R amp S FS K96 K96PC K196 Measurements and Result Displays Power vs Symbol All Carriers Maximum Minimum 40 50 Symbol Number Figure 3 3 Power vs Symbol Display The power is measured with a resolution bandwidth that equals the carrier spacing All analyzed frames are concatenated in symbol direction with blue lines marking the frame borders Carriers which contain Zero cells over the complete symbol range e g guard carriers or DC carrier are excluded from the statistic You can display the power vs symbol for a particular carrier with Power Selection Remote command CALC FEED POW PVSY TRACe DATA Capture Buffer The capture buffer shows the complete range of captured data for the last sweep The Capture Buffer display shows the power of the captured UO data versus time in dBm The analyzed frames are identified with a green bar at the bottom of the Capture Buffer display e Press the Power softkey e Press the Capture Buffer softkey Capture Buffer Samples 96000 0 6 Time ms Figure 3 4 Capture Buffer Display All UO measurements process the same signal data Therefore all UO measurement results are available after a single UO measurement has been executed UO measure ments may be performed for RF or baseband input User Manual 1310 0331 02 07 38 R amp S
113. ighlighted cells as 45 QPSK pilot symbols with boosting factor 1 Constellation View Constellation Markers 45 QPSK Boosting 1 000 f4 J Radius al J gt Allocation gt Allocate as Pilot 7 eat Jo 20 PSK Undo last allocation Constellation gt Sekcton Gm Not albcatd Pont 1810 Corstilation Mamers 5 2 2 Generate I Q Data Files The following part describes how to generate i qw files data format of R amp S Signal Analyzers and wv files data format for arbitrary waveform generator of R amp S Signal Generators With this description the user obtains a complete R amp S test solution for signal generation and analysis of generic OFDM signals The R amp S FS K96 Configuration File Wizard offers the possibility to generate an ideal OFDM signal based on a loaded xml configuration file or based on the allocation of a loaded input signal XML Configuration File Format Start the signal generation over the file menu and choose Generate Test Signal Edit Settings Help New El Import Data from R amp S F5 K96 Load Configuration File bel Save Configuration File Generate Test Signal Ext Figure 5 10 File Menu of the R amp S FS K96 Configuration File Wizard For an example WLAN signal the dialog could then look like displayed in Figure 5 11 Generate Test Signal E loj xj Signal Characteristics Bursted Continuous Number of Bursts E Number of Frames z0
114. ion 0 x Manual Synchronization Timing DI J gt N Frequency al H gt Bes A es 8 In the case that you work with a signal where the automatic synchronization fails try to use the sliders to get a clear view of the constellation diagram XML Configuration File Format Constellation Figure 5 6 Example of a constellation diagram for a synchronized WLAN signal Gain Adjustment Step 4 Click on the Gain Adjustment icon The following dialog will be shown Gain Adjustment We a OK The goal of this step is to provide an overall scaling estimation for your signal First you have to decide on a reference constellation By reference constellation we refer to a constellation that occurs in several cells of your signal It is recommended to decide on the constellation that occurs in most cells You can easily find this constellation by making use of the selection mode and checking the number of highlighted cells in the Matrix View For the current WLAN sample signal the best reference constellation is 64QAM After you have selected 64QAM as reference constellation press the Auto button to perform automatic gain estimation The result of this step is that all constella tion points belonging to the reference constellation are approximately in the center of the constellation markers In the case that you work with a signal where the automatic gain correction fails try to adjust the radius and click on t
115. irmware version 4 37 e R amp S FSV as of firmware version 1 10 e R amp S FSVR as of firmware version 1 51 e R amp S FSW e R amp S RTO as of firmware version 1 47 2 x can be used e Instrument Connection Confiouraton 21 Pigunng Out el 23 Instrument Connection Configuration The Instrument Connection Configuration dialog box contains functionality that is necessary to successfully establish a connection in a network of analyzers The dialog box contains several elements 1 Press SETUP key 2 Select Instrument as the data source gt Data Source softkey 3 Press Configure Instrument Connection The software opens the corresponding dialog to configure the connection Instrument Connection Interface Type Number GPIB Address Subsystem GPIB D fo D E INSTR VISA RSC GPIB 20 Test Connection Cancel Interface Type Selects the type of interface you want to use You have to connect the analyzer or oscilloscope via LAN interface or the IEEE bus GPIB Number Selects the number of the interface if the PC has more than one interfaces e g sev eral LAN cards Address Defines the address of the instrument The type of content depends on the interface type e GPIB Address Primary GPIB address of the analyzer Possible values are in the range from 0 to 31 The default GPIB address for an R amp S instruments is 20 Available for IEEE bus systems using the IEEE 488 protocol The interface type is
116. irst Steps Freq A 1 000 000 000 00 GHz pep a 6 29 dBm Leva 5 00 dBm Fea 1 000 000 000 00 crz pel 30 00 8m Leve AN mn Info Set To Default Generate Waveform File Standard 802 119 Physical Layer Mode OFDM cotio I E Iv Simulation Mode Framed HERT Predefined Frames User M On I e Sequence Length 1 Frames gt Idle Time based on standard chiprate 0 100 ms gt PPDU Configuration 64 QAM 54 Mbps Filter Clipping Cosine Clip Off EE Figure 1 2 WLAN Settings Menu of the R amp S SMU Vector Signal Generator 1 4 2 Preparing the Measurement 1 Start the R amp S FS K96 2 Press the PRESET key 3 Press the SETUP key 4 Select Instrument as the data source gt Data Source softkey 5 Press the Configure Instrument Connection to set up the instrument connection Interface Type Number MAE ee Subsystem LAN xI 11 D fo 7 192 0 2 0 INSTR VISA RSC TCPIP 1 92 0 2 0 Test Connection Cancel The R amp S FS K96 opens the Instrument Connection dialog box For more information see Chapter 2 1 Instrument Connection on page 21 6 Press the Test Connection button to test the connection First Steps 1 4 2 1 General Setup 1 Press the General Settings softkey The R amp S FS K96 opens the General Settings dialog box Primary Advanced Meas Inst
117. k The NET Framework installer is available on the R amp S FS K96 CD ROM It is also part of the download package available on the R amp S FS K96 product homepage gt Start the dotnet fx exe and follow the instructions of the installer gt Start the AutoRun exe The R amp S FS K96 opens the browser tool The browser tool provides several tabs Each one contains different information about the software see number 2 to 5 in the picture below gt Navigate to the Installation tab Installing the Software OL Om 6 Required Components The RES FS KO6 OF OM Vector Signal Analysis Sofware needs some additonal sofware components to run property Follow he steps below esa essage box telis you f Pe NET Framework is installed or not JET is not installed start he NET Framework ingtatier ewe and fobow the instructons installing required components o Start the instalation of al required components by using the RES Framework InstaBor ee A go bas lists all required components Check the installation State of the components you want to install ithe component is Ready 1 install It can be instabed by just Selecting Ihe Component wih Pe checkbox in the frst column and clicking ristall selected componerts aflerwarcs ithe component is Ready to download the Framework Installer cannot find Pe instalation fhe on a loca hard drive You need to Ower ad the component and instal manually Install he missing com
118. keys open new softkey menus User Manual 1310 0331 02 07 16 R amp S FS K96 K96PC K196 Welcome to R amp S FS K96 EEE ws Display of measurement settings The header table above the result displays shows information on hardware and mea surement settings The header table contains the following information Configuration Name of the loaded configuration or Manual Frequency The analyzer RF frequency Capture Length Capture length in number of samples and time Sampling Rate System sample rate FFT Length Length of the FFT interval in number of samples CP Length Length of Cyclic prefix interval in number of sam ples Ref Level Reference level of the analyzer Trigger Mode Trigger condition of the analyzer Source Input source of the UO data 1 4 First Steps The First Steps contain a short measurement example to become familiar with the R amp S FS K96 The following example uses a WLAN 802 11a signal to illustrate the functionality of the software To perform the measurement you need a signal generator a spectrum or signal analyzer and a PC with the R amp S FS K96 installed on it The analyzer must be connected to the external PC via LAN or IEEE bus 1 4 1 Setting up the Generator This example requires an 802 11a or 802 11g OFDM signal with 64QAM data modula tion The Figure 1 2 shows the exemplary settings of an R amp S SMU Vector signal generator IESSE User Manual 1310 0331 02 07 17 F
119. ling rate 4 GHz 3 dB depends on the hardware config uration Signal Processing Alternatively to the internal filters a lowpass filter with adjustable bandwidth and slope characteristics can be applied to the input signal A window based finite impulse response filter is designed The bandwidth is defined as two times the 6 dB cutoff fre quency and the filter order determines the slope characteristics Three predefined filter slopes and a manual input of the filter order are available Choosing the correct filter order is a trade off between selectivity and filter impulse response length A high filter order leads to superior selectivity between adjacent chan nels On the other hand such a filter has a long channel impulse response which can produce intersymbol interference if used in systems with small guard intervals Low fil ter orders require a higher distance between channels and will possibly attenuate the outer carriers of the signal In contrast the channel impulse response is short and suited for systems with short guard intervals The adjustable lowpass filter performs a decimation at its output So the maximum out put sample rate which can be set in the General Settings menu is reduced compared to the internal filter setting Adjustable Channel Filter Low Normal f Frequency Response dB 100 o 005 01 0 15 02 0 25 0 Normalized Frequency R amp S FS K96 K96PC K196 Meas
120. lt Order gt Even number that defines the filter order Odd numbers are rounded to the next higher even number RST 96 Example INP FILT CHAN ORD 256 Defines a filter order of 256 Manual operation See Filter Order on page 55 7 7 7 7 1 Advanced Settings INPut FILTer CHANnel STATe lt State gt This command turns an adjustable lowpass channel filter in the signal path on and off You can define its characteristics with INPut FILTer CHANnel BANDwidth on page 136 INPut FILTer CHANnel ORDer on page 136 Parameters lt State gt ON OFF RST OFF Example INP FILT CHAN ON Turns on the adjustable channel filter Manual operation See Channel Filter on page 55 INPut SELect lt InputType gt This remote control command specifies whether the Analog baseband Inputs Digital Baseband input RF input or File input is the currently selected signal input Note that Analog baseband input requires option R amp S FSQ B71 Digital Baseband Input requires option R amp S FSQ B17 or R amp S FSV B17 Parameters lt InputType gt RF AIQ DIQ FiLe RST FiLe Example INP SEL AIQ Select analog baseband input Manual operation See Source on page 55 Advanced Settings WO SQMINOS mucan E E E ASEA 137 e Analog Baseband Input 138 e DAOU ee Aaah cee EE E E EEE 139 Advanced EK le EE 140 UO Settings SERA 137 SENSe SWAPig lt State gt This command turns a swap of the and Q b
121. matically triggers the next measurement at the end of the previous measurement Free Run mode EXTernal The next measurement is triggered by the signal at the external trigger input e g a gated trigger POWer The next measurement is triggered by the detection of a signal with sufficient power RST IMMediate TRIG MODE IMM Selects Free Run mode See Trigger Mode on page 53 7 6 5 Primary Settings TRIGger SEQuence PORT lt Port gt This command selects the trigger port The command is available for the external trigger mode and instruments that have more than one trigger port Parameters lt Port gt PORT1 PORT2 PORT3 Example TRIG PORT PORT1 Selects trigger port 1 Manual operation See Trigger Port on page 54 Input Settings INPut El TerCH ANnel BANDwidib 136 INPUEFILTenCHANKElOR RTE 136 INPUEFIL Ter GRAN Mell STAM G ei ges becegege ege SEN ege 137 IER Een 137 INPut FILTer CHANnel BANDwidth lt Bandwidth gt This command defines the 6 dB bandwidth of the adjustable lowpass channel filter Parameters lt Bandwidth gt Filter bandwidth RST 20 MHz Default unit Hz Example INP FILT CHAN BAND 14MHZ Defines a filter bandwidth of 14 MHz Manual operation See Bandwidth 6 dB on page 55 INPut FILTer CHANnel ORDer lt Order gt This command defines the order of the adjustabel lowpass channel filter The number of filter taps is the filter order plus 1 Parameters
122. mp Schwarz OFDM Vector Signal Analysis R amp S FS K96 1 2 Licensing the Software The software provides the following general functionality e To capture and analyze UO data from an R amp S FSW R amp S FSV R amp S FSVR R amp S FSQ R amp S FSG R amp S FSUP or R amp S RTO User Manual 1310 0331 02 07 12 R amp S FS K96 K96PC K196 Welcome to R amp S FS K96 EEE een e To read and analyze UO data from a file License type The R amp S FS K96 allows you to capture and analyze UO data from one of the instru ments listed above or read and anaylze UO data from a file You can purchase several different license types for the software e R amp S FS K9I6PC This license enables software operation with and without an R amp S instrument It is for example possible to read data from file without a connection to an instrument R amp S FS KI6 This license requires a connection to an R amp S FSV R amp S FSVR R amp S FSQ R amp S FSG R amp S FSUP R amp S FSW or R amp S RTO No license has to be installed on the instrument A smartcard reader that contains the license dongle has to be connected to the PC R amp S FS K196 This license is an upgrade for the R amp S FS K96 R amp S FS KYG6PC that adds func tionality for measurements on waveforms other than OFDM It enables software operation with and without an R amp S instrument It is for example possible to read data from file without a connection to an instr
123. n Defines the external attenuation to be considered in the calculation of the pwer results Remote command DISPlay WINDow lt n gt TRACe lt t gt Y SCALe RLEVel OFFSet on page 133 Trigger Settings The Trigger Settings contains settings to configure triggered measurements The Trigger Settings are part of the Primary tab of the General Settings dialog box Primary Advanced Meas Trigger Settings Trigger Mode Extemal SS Por 1 Trigger Offset Os Trigger Level Auto Level 7 14V TG GSR MONG EE 53 Tagger POM E 54 WHO GSH OMS EE 54 TNO GSR E 54 Trigger Mode Selects the trigger source The R amp S FS K96 supports the following trigger sources e Free Run The measurement starts immediately e External The measurement starts when the external trigger signal meets or exceeds the specified external trigger level at the EXT TRIGGER GATE input connector e IF Power The measurement starts when the IF power meets or exceeds the specified trigger level The IF Power trigger is available for measurements with a spectrum analyzer 4 1 1 5 General Settings Remote command TRIGger SEQuence MODE on page 135 Trigger Port Selects the trigger port Trigger port selection is available for an external trigger source and for measurements with instruments that have more than one trigger port for example R amp S FSW Remote command TRIGger SEQuence PORT on page 136 Trigger Offset Defin
124. n Finished Therefore it might be necessary to restart the framework installer and check again if all components are installed 1 1 2 Installing VISA It is also necessary to install VISA Virtual Instrument Software Architecture to access instruments connected to the PC via IEEE or LAN bus It is recommended to use the National Instruments VISA driver The National Instru ment VISA driver CD is supplied together with the R amp S FSPC You can also visit http www ni com visa to get the latest version for your operating system if you are licensed to Installing R amp S FS K96 After installing all required components you can install the R amp S FS K96 gt Navigate to the Software Installation category in the Installation tab Safety insti ue Tee natafatios Documentation Contact Installing R amp S FS K96 OFDM Vector Signal Analysis Software After having mstalied all required components 4 stall the RES Eat exe The instatier will Go the following e Install Me R amp S FS Kap software including an uninstall tool e Create a Windows Start Menu entry Programs RAS OFDM Vector Signal Anatysis Software o Create a shortcut on the desktop optional Start the software via fe Start menu entry or the shortcut on he desktop You can uninstall the sofware itself via the uninstall too avatabie in the Windows Start Menu folder or wia Add or Rernove Software in the Windows Control Panel The Framework components nave to
125. n below 2 1 2 1 Figuring Out the Address of an R amp S FSQ or R amp S FSG Follow these steps to figure out GPIB or IP address of an R amp S FSQ or R amp S FSG Figuring Out the GPIB address 1 Press the SETUP key 2 Press the General Setup softkey 3 Press the GPIB softkey The R amp S FSQ FSG opens a dialog box that shows its current GPIB address Figuring Out the IP address 1 Press the SETUP key 2 Press the General Setup softkey 3 Press the Configure Network softkey 4 Press the Configure Network softkey The MS Windows Network Connections dialog box opens 5 Select the Local Area Connection item The Local Area Connection Status dialog box opens 6 Select the Support tab The Support tab shows the current TCP IP information of the R amp S FSQ Instrument Connection A Local Area Connection Status aag 2 1 2 2 Figuring Out the Address of an R amp S FSV or R amp S FSVR Follow these steps to figure out the GPIB or IP address of an R amp S FSV or R amp S FSVR Figuring Out the GPIB address 1 Press the SETUP key 2 Press the General Setup softkey 3 Press the GPIB softkey 4 Press the GPIB Address softkey The R amp S FSV R opens a dialog box that shows its current GPIB address GPIB Address Figuring Out the IP address 1 Press the SETUP key 2 Press the General Setup softkey 3 Press the Network Address softkey 4 Press the IP Address softkey
126. n the Matlab tools directory mat 2wv m This file automatically converts the mat file into a wv file which can be used with R amp S signal generators This wv file is stored in the same directory as the mat2wv m file and the filename equals the mat file name with wv as file extension To use this tool two steps have to be performed 1 Execute ofdmsys_generator m to obtain the generated signal vector vfcSignal out of the configuration file This signal vector is needed in the second step 2 Execute mat2wv m to obtain the wanted wv file mat2wv m This function generates an UO data file wv file which can be loaded into the arbitrary waveform generator of R amp S Signal Gen erators from a Matlab vector mat2wv vfcSignal sFilename fSampleRate bNormalize Input parameter vfcSignal Input data vector sFilename Filename of the generated wave form file fSampleRate Sample rate of the signal in Hz XML Configuration File Format mat2wv m This function generates an UO data file wv file which can be loaded into the arbitrary waveform generator of R amp S Signal Gen erators from a Matlab vector bNormalize True The signal is normalized by the max magnitude False The signal is not normal ized The maximum magnitude of the signal shall not exceed 1 0 Examples vfcSignal ofdmsys generator example mat 2 0 mat2wv vfcSignal example wv 11 2e6 True
127. nalyzers with an analog baseband input e Oscilloscopes support impedances of 50 Q or 1 MQ Remote command INPut 1Q IMPedance on page 138 Balanced Turns symmetric or balanced input on and off If active a ground connection is not necessary If you are using an assymetrical unbalanced setup the ground connection runs through the shield of the coaxial cable that is used to connect the DUT Available for spectrum analyzers with an analog baseband input Remote command INPut 1Q BALanced STATe on page 138 Lowpass Turns an anti aliasing low pass filter on and off The filter has a cut off frequency of 36 MHz and prevents frequencies above from being mixed into the usable frequency range Note that if you turn the filter off harmon ics or spurious emissions of the DUT might be in the frequency range above 36 MHz and might be missed You can turn it off for measurement bandwidths greater than 30 MHz Available for spectrum analyzers with an analog baseband input Remote command SENSe 1IQ LPASs STATe on page 139 Dither Adds a noise signal into the signal path of the baseband input Dithering improves the linearity of the A D converter at low signal levels or low modula tion Improving the linearity also improves the accuracy of the displayed signal levels The signal has a bandwidth of 2 MHz with a center frequency of 38 93 MHz Available for spectrum analyzers with an analog baseband input 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 4
128. nce The Wiener filter is designed under the assumption that the maximum impulse response length does not exceed the cyclic prefix length Although the channel is assumed to be stationary common phase error and power level variations are estimated symbol by symbol over the complete frame This takes settling effects of oscillators and power amplifiers into account All estimated impair ments are fully compensated to get an optimum signal for the subsequent modulation detection and data decision stage The modulation detection block determines the modulation type of the data cells Either each carrier or each symbol can be assigned to one specific constellation Alter natively the modulation information provided in the configuration file is evaluated to extract clusters of data cells with consistent modulation The estimator uses a maxi mum likelihood approach where each cluster of data cells is compared with all possi ble modulation hypotheses and the most probable constellation for each cluster is used for the subsequent data decision The data decision block finally outputs a reference signal matrix Au which is an optimum estimate of the actual transmitted OFDM frame Data Aided Block The data aided block can be activated optionally to refine the parameter estimations with the help of the reference signal Whereas the previous stages could only include pilot cells for the estimation algorithms the data aided part can treat data cells as a
129. ncy Axes on page 61 UNIT IRES lt Unit gt This command selects the unit for impulse response results Measurement Settings Parameters lt Unit gt DB Returns impulse response results in dB LIN Returns impulse response results normalized to 1 RST LIN Example UNIT IRES DB Selects dB as the unit for impulse response results Manual operation See Impulse Response on page 61 UNIT SAXes lt Unit gt This command selects the unit for result displays that show results on symbol level for example the EVM vs Symbol Parameters lt Unit gt SYM S SYM Symbol axis represents symbols S Symbol axis represents seconds RST SYM Example UNIT SAX SYM Selects symbols as the unit of the symbol axis Manual operation See Symbol Axes on page 61 UNIT TAXes lt Unit gt This command selects the unit for result displays that show results over time for exam ple the Channel Impulse Response Parameters lt Unit gt S Time axis represents seconds SAM Time axis represents samples SYM Time axis represents symbols RST S Example UNIT TAX S Selects seconds as the unit of the time axis Manual operation See Time Axes on page 61 Measurement Settings 7 8 2 EVM ISENGe JDEMod EVMCGalckAVerage nen nr trt eertttrortrtsrsrrrsnsnsnnnrnnenentnttereterone 145 ie RE deele EE 145 SENSe DEMod EVMCalc FAVerage lt Method gt This command selects
130. nd input The command is available for spectrum analyzers with a digital UO input R amp S FSQ B17 or FSV B17 Parameters lt SampleRate gt Example Manual operation RST 81 6 MHz Default unit Hz INP DIQ SRAT 20MHZ Defines a sample rate of 20 MHz See Digital Input Sampling Rate on page 58 Advanced Level Settings GONFiguire POWerAUTO SWEep TIME inira ana nanara 140 ein E EE 140 TN WEE 141 INP Ut EA TT AUT Onean nn a ED E EEE AAAA E aAA 141 INPUCEAT SEET eege SEENEN 142 INPUEFIE Tor VIG STATE E 142 CONFigure POWer AUTO SWEep TIME lt SweepTime gt This command defines the auto level track time Parameters lt SweepTime gt Example Manual operation RST 100 ms Default unit s CONF POW AUTO SWE TIME 200MS Defines an auto level track time of 200 ms See Auto Level Track Time on page 59 INPut ATTenuation lt Attenuation gt This command defines the mechanical attenuation level Advanced Settings This command specifies the current input mechanical attenuator The step width is 10 dB without the electronic attenuator option and the range is 0 dB to 70 GB The input attenuation can be set in 5 dB steps between 0 dB and 75 dB with the electronic attenuator option Parameters lt Attenuation gt Note If a electronic attenuator has been installed the range increases to 75 dB and a 5 dB stepsize Range 0 to 70 Increment 10 RST 10 Default unit dB
131. nization uses both pilots and decided data cells for an additional synchronization step Remote command SENSe DEMod FSYNc on page 152 Modulation Detection Modulation Detection specifies the operation mode of the automatic modulation detection for the data cells If Configuration File is selected the modulation matrix within the system configuration file is evaluated The symbolwise modulation detection determines a common modulation format for all data cells within one FDM symbol The carrierwise modulation detection determines a common modulation format for all data cells within one FDM carrier Remote command SENSe DEMod MDETect on page 153 Compensation Settings The Compensation Settings contain settings to control error compensation for the EVM measurement 4 2 2 4 Demodulation Settings The Compensation Settings are part of the Demodulation Control tab of the Demod Settings dialog box Signal Description Demodulation Control M Compensation Settings Phase Tracking Iw Timing Tracking L Level Tracking a Channel Compensation Iw Phase Kee EN 73 Timing RR Le E 73 Laval TACKI DEE 73 Channel Compensation ccccccccsceccesceccenaeeeeeeeeceaeeesenceccaeesdenaeeceaeessaaaeeeseneesetatessenes 73 Phase Tracking Phase Tracking specifies whether or not the measurement results should be com pensated for common phase error The compensation is done on a per symbol basis Remote c
132. of the command TRACe DATA on page 126 Capture Butte th isccssicergateesscttin inne deed EENS EE ee 121 Channel EE 121 Channel Group Delays ee ESO EENS inuidia aieas 122 e Channel Impulse Response nanan tananan tananan ennan nenen nan 122 Constellation RE E DEE 122 EVM VS Camar icc csccsiadesseensiaaca besesaddanaieddanaa O OAA 123 w EVM YS SYMDON ccc ccghcitcisdetietcnesle E aentieane 123 e EVM VS Symbol X Cattlet icsscieciesdiuneitianindsiesilian deinen es 124 amp e e TEE 124 Phase TE 124 6 POWER VS E 124 e POWER SOS CU EE 125 POWEr VS Symbol anirai iaai aie eerie eee 125 Power EE e EE 125 e TEE LEINEN verti ddeteoantieeedeeeeiess 126 Capture Buffer For the Capture Buffer result display the command returns one value for each UO sample in the capture buffer lt absolute power gt The unit is always dBm The following parameters are supported e TRACE1 Channel Flatness For the Channel Flatness result display the command returns the spectrum flatness as a list over all subcarriers The list consists of one value for each trace point lt relative power gt The unit is always dB The following parameters are supported e TRACE1 Returns the average power over all frames e TRACE2 Returns the minimum power found over all frames e TRACE3 Returns the maximum power found over all frames Measurements Channel Group Delay For the Channel Group Delay result display t
133. ols sec QAM prema prom Useful OFDM Figure 6 3 OFDM Signal Generation Chain General Information on Signal Types 6 1 1 2 OFDM Parameterization A generic OFDM analyzer supports various OFDM standards Therefore a common parameterization of OFDM systems has to be defined Time Domain Description The fundamental unit of an OFDM signal in time domain is a Sample An OFDM Sym bol with a length of Ns samples consists of a Guard Interval of length Ng and an FFT Interval of length No ed Ns Figure 6 4 OFDM Symbol in Time Domain Frequency Domain Description The FFT intervals of the OFDM symbols are transformed into the frequency domain using a discrete Fourier transform The successive symbols of the OFDM signal are displayed in time frequency matrices The fundamental unit of an OFDM signal in fre quency domain is a Cell A column of cells at the same frequency is called Carrier A row of cells at the same time is called Symbol The carrier number is the column index of a time frequency matrix The number OU is assigned to the so called DC Carrier which lies at the transmitter center frequency The total number of carriers is Nppr The DC Carrier Offset determines the position of the DC carrier relative to the lowermost carrier and is an inherent attribute of the FFT algorithm FFT Length Nfr DC Carrier Offset Range even ome E Nu Neer 3 2 2 odd Nun Nagel N pp 1 2 a G 2
134. ommand Querying numeric values When you query numeric values the system returns a number In case of physical quantities it applies the basic unit e g Hz in case of frequencies The number of dig its after the decimal point depends on the type of numeric value Example Setting SENSe FREQuency CENTer 1GHZ Query SENSe FREQuency CENTer would return 1E9 In some cases numeric values may be returned as text e INENINE Infinity or negative infinity Represents the numeric values 9 9E37 or 9 9E37 e NAN Not a number Represents the numeric value 9 91E37 NAN is returned in case of errors Boolean Boolean parameters represent two states The ON state logically true is represen ted by ON or a numeric value 1 The OFF state logically untrue is represented by OFF or the numeric value 0 Querying boolean parameters When you query boolean parameters the system returns either the value 1 ON or the value 0 OFF 7 2 5 3 7 2 5 4 7 2 5 5 7 3 Common Commands Example Setting DISPlay WINDow ZOOM STATe ON Query DISPlay WINDow ZOOM STATe would return 1 Character Data Character data follows the syntactic rules of keywords You can enter text using a short or a long form For more information see Chapter 7 2 1 Long and Short Form on page 114 Querying text parameters When you query text parameters the system returns its short form Example Setting SEN
135. ommand SENSe TRACking PHASe on page 154 Timing Tracking Timing Tracking specifies whether or not the measurement results should be com pensated for sample clock deviations The compensation is done on a per symbol basis Remote command SENSe TRACking TIME on page 155 Level Tracking Level Tracking specifies whether or not the measurement results should be compen sated for power level deviations The compensation is done on a per symbol basis Remote command SENSe TRACking LEVel on page 154 Channel Compensation Channel Compensation specifies whether or not the measurement results should be compensated for the channel transfer function The compensation is done on a per carrier basis Remote command SENSe COMPensate CHANne1 on page 154 Advanced Settings The Advanced Settings contain settings to control various signal processing charac teristics of the software Demodulation Settings The Advanced Settings are part of the Demodulation Control tab of the Demod Settings dialog box Signal Description Demodulation Control M Advanced Settings FFT Shift Rel to CP Length 0 5 Maximum Carrier Offset 0 Cyclic Delay 0 FFT Shift relative to Cyclic Prefix Length 74 Maximum Carrier Offset 74 VCC E 74 FFT Shift relative to Cyclic Prefix Length FFT Shift rel to CP length allows for shifting the FFT start sample within the guard interval This is useful if rele
136. or is defined In this case all data cells sharing that number are assumed to use one and only one of the valid constellation vectors This method can be used within the OFDM VSA to allow automatic modulation detection l f Data Cells wi Constellation Vectors oz ee 2 unused Figure 6 9 Example of a Modulation Matrix Preamble Description The OFDM demodulator shall support synchronization on repetitive preamble symbols A repetitive preamble contains several repetitions of one time domain block The Fig ure 6 10 shows exemplarily the parameterization of a repetitive preamble symbol which contains a five times repetition of block T The allocation matrix can have an arbitrary offset to the begin of the preamble symbol If the offset is zero or negative the preamble is also contained within the frame and is used for further estimation pro cesses Preamble Symbol T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 Undefined Symbol 0 see La pl gt BlockLength Frame Structure Matrix e a o Frame Offset Figure 6 10 Description of a Repetitive Preamble Symbol General Information on Signal Types 6 1 2 GFDM The GFDM waveform Generalized Frequency Division Multiplexing is a non orthogo nal asynchronous multicarrier waveform it is however possible to address orthogo nal scenarios when appropriate filters are applied In GFDM subcarriers are independent single carriers with a cyclic prefix for multi
137. osechevecvactvecescasecauenusnecvasts coucesacaesed svecidaveeasisaqivaseccadivenderieneate SENSe DEMod GOFF Seti eet aiee ieri dE AER SENSE IDEMO d EVMC ale FAV E SENSe DEMod EVMCalc NORMalize i SENSE DEMOd FFT Shift eegene cucetecnvednedeneresttevncaseved ani e e a adie teenie ates SENSe DEMod FORMat BURS bivcscinccas tas cecncntia ts tena taevaan seed rater ate duaedeaac eine SENSe DEMod FORMat MAXFramesisscccacsecssccvsceccasecoscacsascoscenskscesssacserssssnsevneseecaievaadenstenccesdveshestttaseveatos SENSe DEMod FORMat NOFSymbols SENSE Mee eegene Ee SENSe DEMod GFDM FILTer OLAPping SENSE DEMod GFDM FIL Ter ROF ACION iieis niinniin anii aei iar riii eea ISENS IDEMO akloen SENS6 DEMOd MDET CCthisccisiecsscessceseccasascuesessvecescsou ess saudessuscessvncenestsseasesis NNa rA stieaksedeneevedescaresteeavsa ENNIE SENSE TR RECH d Ce SENSe DEMod UFMC FILTer LENGth a ISENSeIDEModUEMGEI Tei Item iciiciescceccccesssansesivescsscessshusacieasenssscesecovetesnisvsctncabceoacansaecosceeedned sitter SENS FREQuUenCy CEN Fett eee Aeon ie hoe aad SENS TQ DITOR STAT ofcn SENSE Hen ER KEE EIB ET EE SENSE Ee H TE SENSe TRACking LEVel SENSE TRACking PHAS TE SENSe 2 TRACKING T ME rrenean a naan nanan eae edecnen ade SENSe VOL Page lO RAN e ISENS I VOLTage RTO RANGE narniai eiar ria aeaa pieirii ira erian RISIKEN 118 CALCulate lt n gt FEED vs ENkIonreEEIeEe Heger EEEEE E EEEEEe CONFigur INS
138. ower level is determined at the start of each sweep ONCE The ideal power level is determined once and immediately regardless of the current overall state of the auto level routine RST ON Example CONF POW AUTO ON Turns on the automatic level routine Manual operation See Auto Level on page 52 DISPlay WINDow lt n gt TRACe lt t gt Y SCALe RLEVel RF lt ReferenceLevel gt This command defines the reference level of a spectrum analyzer Primary Settings Parameters lt ReferenceLevel gt RST 0 dBm Default unit dBm Example DISP TRAC Y RLEV 20 Defines an instrument reference level to 20 dBm Manual operation See Reference Level Signal Peak Level on page 52 DISPlay WINDow lt n gt TRACe lt t gt Y SCALe RLEVel OFFSet lt Attenuation gt This command defines the external attenuation Parameters lt Attenuation gt External attenuation in dB Default unit dB Example DISP TRAC Y RLEV OFFS 10 Defines external attenuation of 10 dB Manual operation See External Attenuation on page 53 SENSe VOLTage IQ RANGe lt Range gt This command defines the measurement range of the analog baseband input The value range depends on the input impedance The measurement range defines the measurable peak voltage positive and negative Note that this command requires option R amp S FSQ B71 Input Impedance Range of values Volt 5 dB steps Low 50 Q 0 0316
139. page 142 Global Settings The Global Settings contain settings that apply to the overall measurement 4 1 3 1 General Settings The Global Settings are part of the Advanced tab of the General Settings dialog box Primary Advanced Meas Global Settings Couple Screens M Couple SChEGINS EE 60 Couple Screens If Couple Screens is enabled the markers on the top and bottom screen which have the same unit e g frequency or symbol index are coupled Remote Not supported yet Measurement Settings The Measurement Settings contain settings to configure the way measurement results are displayed The Measurement Settings tab is part of the General Settings dialog box Jl cnan EES 60 EE 62 Error Frequency PhaS iscit cciiel aiid eri isariteade EEGEN 63 Units The Units Settings contain settings to select the unit for scaling the diagram axes in various result displays The Units Settings are part of the Meas tab of the General Settings dialog box Primary Advanced Meas Units EVM dB v Impulse Response Linear ss Symbol Axes Symbol Number Carrier Axes Carrier Number zl Time Axes Seconds zl Frequency Axes fHetz tt EVM Selects the unit for EVM results Available units dB or e dB Displays EVM results in dB e Displays EVM results in General Settings Remote command UNIT EVM on page 143 Impulse Response Selects the unit for channel impulse
140. path propagation Each subcarrier can have an individual bandwidth pulse shape and modulation Subcarriers are made up out of one or more symbols when this is required For each subcarrier it is possible to apply filters with different shapes or lengths which results in low intercarrier interference when appropriate filters are used Because of this and the economic bandwidth requirements for example use of non contiguous bandwidth allocation it can also be used in a heavily fragmented spectrum More effi ciency regarding frequency spectrum usage is the result Frame structure of aGFDM waveform A frame of a GFDM waveform is made up out of a certain number of timeslots with each timeslot being made up out of a number of subcarriers similar to a OFDM wave form A single cyclic prefix is added at the beginning of each frame for synchronization in the time domain _ ime slots slots SEI ire CP 20 oft Top a dol Figure 6 11 Frame structure of a GFDM waveform suaueoqns This design is similar to an LTE frame However the fact that an GFDM frame is shorter than an LTE frame and the fact that there is only a single cyclic prefix per frame reduces the latency of transmission while still being somehow compatible to an LTE frame Bitstream DAC Upconversion a E gt a Ki a Subcarrier bei LE ike Q Jo Jo Jc its oO L JO Symbol Domain Freq Domain Time Domain
141. peak level on and off If on the R amp S FS K96 performs a measurement to determine the ideal level for the signal currently applied This measurement is performed prior to each actual measure ment Note that the auto level measurements results in slightly increased measure ment time The length of the measurement is determined by the Auto Level Track Time Automatic levelling is available for RF measurements with a spectrum analyzer and measurements with oscilloscopes Remote command CONFigure POWer AUTO on page 132 Reference Level Signal Peak Level Defines the reference level for RF measurements with a spectrum analyzer or signal peak level for measurements with an oscilloscope or analog baseband for the mea surement You can define the level manually when you turn Auto Level off If the Auto Level function is on the R amp S FS K96 shows the level it has determined 4 1 1 4 General Settings Note that the unit depends on the type of instrument and input source you are using For spectrum and signal analyzers the unit of the reference level is dBm For oscillo scopes and analog baseband input the unit is V Remote command Spectrum analyzer reference level RF input DISPlay WINDow lt n gt TRACe lt t gt Y SCALe RLEVel RF on page 132 Analog baseband input SENSe VOLTage 1Q RANGe on page 133 Oscilloscope signal peak level SENSe VOLTage RTO RANGe on page 133 External Attenuatio
142. petitive block 16 iFrameOffset int32 Offset of the first sample of the 0 Matlab Configuration File Format Structure stConstellation Parameter Type Meaning Example sName string Constellation name QPSK vfcValue Vector of complex Vector of complex val 1 j 1 j 1 j 1 j float32 ued constellation points Structure stFilter Parameter Type Meaning Example eFilterType uint8 Filter type 0 RRC 1 RC 2 iFilterLength int32 Filter length 10 fStopBandAttenuation single Stop band attenuation 60 dB fRollOff single RRC roll off factor 0 1 iOverlapping int32 Overlapping 2 Matlab Configuration File Format Debugging the system configuration file An easy way to take a quick look at your allocation matrix meSt ructure in your sys tem configuration file is via the Matlab function imagesc Example MyConfigFile load lt Configfilename gt imagesc MyConfigFile stOfdmCfg meStructure The plot for the examplary Wimax Configuration file that is included in your software then looks as follows File Edit ven Insert Tools Desktop Window Help DOG es s AAVM9RS Dasg WimaxOFDM DL G1 16 16QAM 10 20 30 40 EI g 50 a 60 70 80 90 100 50 100 150 200 250 Carriers 5 1 1 OFDM System Class The R amp S FS K96 provides a Matlab class which supports the user in creating the con figuration file so that he does not n
143. ponents wih Pe install selected components bution install VISA Ris necessary to install ISA Virtaal Ferme Sofware Architecture to access Mretrunents Connected to Pe PC wa IEEE or LAN bus Please use the Natonal instruments VISA o The Natonal instrument VISA driver CD is supplied together wih the R amp S FSPC You can also wsi http Pwww ni comesa to get Pe latest version for your operating system 1 Navigation and address bar 2 Safety Instructions tab 3 Software Installation tab 4 Documentation tab 5 Contact tab 6 Tab menu 7 Main window The Installation tab has three categories in the tab menu e Required Components Contains a guide to install the software components that are necessary to run the software e Software Installation Contains a guide to install the R amp S FS K96 itself e Release Notes Contains the release notes that were issued with each software release 1 1 1 Installing Required Components You have to install several software components required to successfully run the soft ware All components are delivered with the R amp S FS K96 Required components e Microsoft NET Framework 2 0 e Microsoft Visual C Runtime Library a specific version delivered with the R amp S FS K96 e MATLAB Component Runtime e Intel IPP Library e VISA Installing the Software gt Navigate to the Required Components category in the Installation tab emm Doc werent ston Contact
144. rameters lt TimingSync gt Example CP Performs time synchronization by correlating the cyclic prefix PREAM Performs time synchronization by correlating the recurring pre amble structure Not available for GFDM or UFMC waveforms RST CP DEM TSYN CP Selects time synchronization based on the cyclic prefix 7 10 3 Demodulation Control Manual operation See Time Synchronization on page 72 Compensation Settings ISENGelCOMbensate CHANnel aaa ceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeeeeaea 154 SENS eG IMRACKINGILEV E 154 SENSe TRACKING PHAS O uraa aaah E I E E ns EA ENNER EES 154 SENS Ge len TME orar a a a a A a RAE aaRS 155 SENSe COMPensate CHANnel lt State gt This command turns compensation for the estimated channel transfer function on and off Parameters lt State gt ON OFF RST ON Example COMP CHAN ON Turns on channel compensation Manual operation See Channel Compensation on page 73 SENSe TRACking LEVel lt State gt This command turns tracking of the power level on and off Note The syntax element SENSe is not optional for this command Parameters lt State gt ON OFF RST OFF Example SENS TRAC LEV ON Turns on power level tracking Manual operation See Level Tracking on page 73 SENSe TRACking PHASe lt State gt This command turns phase tracking on and off Note The syntax element SENSe is not op
145. ranches on and off 7 7 2 Advanced Settings Parameters lt State gt ON OFF RST OFF Example SWAP ON Turns a swap of the and Q branches on Manual operation See Swap Q on page 56 Analog Baseband Input INPuCIOBAL ancedf STATel cece eee ee eee ae ae ae eee eaeaeaaeeaceteeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaesesaeaeaaaaae 138 EI Le ME 138 SENSeJIO DITHerfiSTA T jiire EERSTEN 139 SENSE IG BEN NEE 139 INPut I1Q BALanced STATe lt State gt This command turns symmetrical balanced or asymmetrical unbalanced input on and off The command is available for spectrum analyzers with an analog baseband input R amp S FSQ B71 Parameters lt State gt ON OFF RST OFF Example INP 1Q BAL ON Selects a symmetrical balanced UO input Manual operation See Balanced on page 57 INPut IQ IMPedance lt Impedance gt This command selects the input impedance The command is available for oscilloscopes and spectrum analyzers with an analog baseband input R amp S FSQ B71 Parameters lt Impedance gt HIGH Selects high impedance Depending on the type of instrument this is either 1 KQ spec trum analyzers or 1 MQ oscilloscopes LOW Selects low impedance Low impedance is 50 Q for both spectrum analyzers and oscillo scopes RST LOW 7 7 3 Advanced Settings Example INP 1Q IMP LOW Selects a low input impedance Manual operation See Input Impedance on page 57 SENSe IQ DITHer STATe
146. rts the following input sources e RF Input Available for all supported instruments e Analog Baseband Available for spectrum analyzers with an analog baseband input R amp S FSQ B71 and oscilloscopes e Digital UO Available for spectrum analyzers with a digital UO input R amp S FSQ B17 or R amp S FSV B17 e File Reads the UO data from a file Remote command INPut SELect on page 137 Channel Filter Selects the input filter preceding the OFDM demodulator e Standard Uses the default filter of the connected instrument e Adjustable Allows you to define the bandwidth and filter order of the lowpass filter Remote command INPut FILTer CHANnel STATe on page 137 Bandwidth 6 dB Defines the bandwidth of an adjustable channel filter The bandwidth of the filter is defined as two times the 6 dB cutoff frequency The avail able range is between 0 Hz and the sample rate Note that a bandwidth near the sample rate can result in backfolding of higher fre quency signal parts Remote command INPut FILTer CHANnel BANDwidth on page 136 Filter Order Defines the slope characteristics of the channel filter You can select from several predefined filter orders Low Normal High or define a custom slope Manual Odd filter order values are rounded to the next higher even number 4 1 2 4 1 2 1 4 1 2 2 General Settings Remote command INPut FILTer CHANnel ORDer on page 136 Advanced Settings
147. rument Usage Event IDN lt argO gt IDN lt arg0 gt IDENTIFICATION QUERY queries the OFDM VSA identification Parameters lt arg0 gt Example IDN Returns Rohde amp Schwarz K96 000000 000 Version x x Usage Query only 7 4 Measurements Measurement COMO ireira IE aa 118 Measurement Gelechon 119 Graphical RESUMES 0 5 2 0 oeser eiir tegen ieee Tel eed ieee 120 e Romersa RESUS sic eneg busgegiedtgen ENEE ee ee A A 126 7 4 1 Measurement Control VNU NET 118 INITIA TE 119 INITiate IMMediate This command initiates a new measurement sequence In single sweep mode you can synchronize to the end of the measurement with OPC In continuous sweep mode synchronization to the end of the sweep is not possible If a measurement sequence is already in progress the command is ignored Example INIT Initiates a new measurement Usage Event 7 4 2 Measurements INITiate REFResh This command updates the current measurement results to reflect the current mea surement settings No new UO data is captured Thus measurement settings apply to the I Q data cur rently in the capture buffer The command applies exclusively to I Q measurements It requires UO data Example INIT REFR Updates the IQ measurement results Usage Event Measurement Selection CAL Cillatesn gt t FEED EE 119 DISPlay WINDow lt n gt TABLE 0 cceececeeeceeeeeeeeeeeeee eases aeaeaesaeaeaaaaaaaadaaeg
148. rument Settings Instrument Type Spectrum Analyzer e RTO Input Channel CH1 v Data Capture Settings Frequency 1 GHz Sampling Rate 20 MHz Capture Time 5 ms Level Settings Reference Level Auto Level M 0 00 dBm Ext Attenuation 0 dB Select the Primary tab Select Spectrum Analyzer as the instrument type 2 3 4 Enter the required frequency to measure in the Frequency field 5 Enter the 802 11a sample rate of 20 MHZ in the Sampling Rate field 6 Enter a capture length of 5 ms in the Capture Time field All other settings can remain as they are for this example 1 4 2 2 Demodulation Setup 1 Press the Demod Settings softkey The R amp S FS K96 opens the Demodulation Settings dialog box 2 Select the Signal Description tab 3 Select OFDM as the Analysis Mode 4 Press the button to load a configuration file The R amp S FS K96 opens a dialog box to select the configuration file 5 Select and open the system configuration file WlanA_64QAM mat 6 Select the Demodulation Control tab R amp S FS K96 K96PC K196 Welcome to R amp S FS K96 EEE a Signal Description Demodulation Control General Settings Burst Search EN Max Frames to Analyze 20 Result Length 44 Symbols 7 Define the Result Length This sets the number of symbols per frame to the number of data symbols per OFDM burst plus 5 4 preamble symbols 1 signal field 1 4 3 Performing t
149. ry POWer MINIMUM ssewcascsrceyconcesan anae p a EES EENET EE FETCH SUMMary POWer AVERAGE ntenni NEEN 129 FETCh SUMMary QUADerror MAXIMUM asccssteciccsscescccesacsacsazsvscesceneasecastecsedenttenccnssecsessavonbersessacbeeaetazea severe 129 FETCH SUMMary QUA De rrote MINIMU iseanan nener Anaa EAEEES EEES EEEE AAA 129 FETCh SUMMary QUAD rror AVE Regel rsisi riadi 129 FETCH SUMM ty ee e nl 129 FETCh SUMMary SERRor MINimum FETCH SUMMary SERROMAVERAGE iivccssctccvcsessesntetresters naa anie ir EAA a 129 FORMA DATA EE lee INiITiate REFRESH isoina edd Sesensaeiwedens ont vucean sxesevenaasnesencnassieitaeedbpceneeueaeesuteaeaey sanedacets INI Tiate IMMO date innne aaar contveeseatbuncasatouseepeqsaqeananteatveceoes ll duet RRE INPut DIQ RANGe UPPer IST Wl NEE INPUTEATIT Saar E EE E E E INPUEATTAUT e E INPut EATT STATe vc INPut FIL Ter CHANNEL BAN DWI ic lt cccescescossezsa LEES caneentxaceacceeneaces conena sig squnestcnecesceoieacessannaeecenecetasiegsaanes 136 INPut FIL Ter CHANNERORDES sue eege 136 INPUtFICTErCHANDEIESTA RE 137 WIN Ute FUE TSF VG ES TEAS asst cers eo seduce a E e T E 142 INPutlQ BALanced ISTAT 6 DEE 138 Sieten 138 lei tg steve ra Hv eavesneanee eres ae eateneegatereca A Eiri a iiny 137 MMEMory LOAD CFGFil s ott eege Edge EERSTEN 146 MMEMON LOAD CEGFIG san E EE A E E E E E EEES 156 MMEMory LOADAQ STATC ege ENEE Eed aiaa a EiT 157 MMEM LOAD STA Tenanan anana EE R E TA
150. s Different cell types are mapped to different colors The contents depend on the symbols you have selected to be displayed Constellation Selection Constellation vs Carrier Shows the real and imaginary part of the modulation symbols over all carriers Constellation vs Symbol Shows the real and imaginary part of the modulation symbols over all symbols Miscellaneous and statistics CCDF Evaluates the complementary cumulative probability distribution for the capture buffer samples relative to the average power Signal Flow Shows a detailed description of the current measurement status Report R amp S FS K96 K96PC K196 Measurements and Result Displays WEEN 3 3 3 3 1 Shows a detailed list of the demodulation steps e Allocation Matrix Shows a graphical representation of the allocation matrix i e structure matrix defined in the configuration file UO Measurements This section contains a detailed description of the measurements e Power Measurements 36 EVM Measurements EE 39 eelere 43 Constellation Measurements 44 e Statistics and Miscellaneous Measurements 46 Power Measurements Power ve Symbol el 36 Power VS EIER s et Ee EES aaa aaa Een 37 el 37 Capture E 38 Power Spectrum lt sscces cacexisiuevaceenscancnceseneaenaaas cetenecauaseasdnayasaueananadastaetaencedeadageadeasesaraneabans 39 Power CLS CUO EE 39 Power vs Symbol x Carrier The Power vs Symbol x Carrier display sho
151. s contain settings to control synchronization during the demodulation process 4 2 2 3 Demodulation Settings The Synchronization Settings are part of the Demodulation Control tab of the Demod Settings dialog box Signal Description Demodulation Control M Synchronization Settings Time Synchronization Cyclic Prefix si Parameter Estimation PilotAided si Modulation Detection Configuration File BRETT EE 72 Parameter EstimatoN zg NEEN SOERENSEN edu ai 72 Modtlatlon DETE EE T2 Time Synchronization Time Synchronization specifies the synchronization method in time domain The cyclic prefix method performs a correlation of the cyclic prefix with the end of the FFT interval The preamble method searches for the repetitive preamble blocks In case of GFDM waveforms the synchronization is always done with a Cyclic Prefix In case of UFMC waveforms the synchronization is always done with a Preamble Remote command SENSe DEMod TSYNc on page 153 Parameter Estimation Parameter Estimation specifies the mode of synchronization in the frequency domain In the manual configuration mode without a configuration file the parameter estimation is forcefully switched off If a configuration file is loaded Pilot Aided synchronization or Pilot And Data Aided synchronization can be selected Pilot Aided synchronization uses only the predefined pilot cells as reference signal The Pilot And Data Aided syn chro
152. secsceedes tech staves sccebenes codes an anaa EEC EERTE 112 ZA Introduetion ccc ceccis sceceecies cecceeectsscesaneeassaceeecssosstsecessssuuecesseaaceedcasasscnececessuaectaeeasioes 113 7 2 1 Long and Short Fom ENSE E DERAPE NN NANAREN 114 ee Nupmerlee SUES ege eegne gees deed adinete vas eege EEN vadec deeg ege 114 23 Optional KeyWord Scrii iinitan nie ae EES dE ERNEE ENEE EEEEESEN dani teed 114 T24 Alternative Keywords sisccccccctetiesvesgeeeiesvieeieevessseesecesdeteeecevenetiecstantineedsseetndeaaeeeriues 115 2 5 SCPI attert etuediegenZeg eeeeieg eater aireisd EENEG dees 115 ZA Common COMMANAS vei c ccc ce cccccces cesceccenccseecceed cassettes caseeeted canecented cascueuedscassentteseeses 117 TA Measutrementse sssueEeESSEREEESSESREEEERSSREKEEEEREEREEEEESEEEEEEEEREEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEERSEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEER reese 118 741 Measurement Controls geeiert edd eete deeg 118 7 4 2 Measurement Gelechon aia iiia 119 FAS E Ee 120 TAA Numerical Results 2eueueeeeEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEAEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEeE 126 7 5 Instrument Connections icecsneiccseccccseceivsciccesceeeseesecccdccccestendseceecvesieeaceceed scceedentecaseaaness 130 1 6 Primary Setting vciiicccssccccices ccccccceecceveceddedesctsteseseesheccceseetseenteeesaedeeensted sees evestiedasteeeesaci 130 76 1 Instrument Settings iseenda a ia a EE i iiaa 130 GREEN EE 131 7 6 3 Level Settings EE 132 FGA Trigger SCUINGS EE 134 K ENT e CEET
153. seseseeeeeseeeeeeeeeees 120 CALCulate lt n gt FEED lt ResultDisplay gt This command selects the result display Parameters for setting and query lt ResultDisplay gt String containing a short form of the result display POW PVSC Power vs Symbol X Carrier POW PVCA Power vs Carrier POW PVSY Power vs Symbol POW CBUF Capture Buffer POW PSPE Power Spectrum EVM EVSC EVM vs Symbol X Carrier EVM EVCA EVM vs Carrier EVM EVSY EVM vs Symbol EVM FERR Frequency Error EVM PERR Phase Error CHAN FLAT Channel Flatness CHAN GDEL Group Delay CHAN IRES Impulse Response CONS CONS Constellation Diagram CONS CVCA Constellation vs Carrier CONS CVSY Constellation vs Symbol STAT CCDF CCDF STAT SFLO Signal Flow Example CALC2 FEED POW CBUF Selects the Capture Buffer result display for screen B 7 4 3 7 4 3 1 Measurements Manual operation See Power vs Symbol x Carrier on page 36 See Power vs Carrier on page 37 See Power vs Symbol on page 37 See Capture Buffer on page 38 See Power Spectrum on page 39 See EVM vs Symbol x Carrier on page 40 See EVM vs Carrier on page 40 See EVM vs Symbol on page 41 See Error Freq Phase on page 41 See Channel Flatness on page 43 See Group Delay on page 43 See Channel Impulse Response on page 44 See Constellation Diagram on page 44 See Constellation vs Carrier on page 45 See
154. stems it is possible to bypass this block The following time synchro nization uses either the preamble or the cyclic prefix of each OFDM symbol to find the optimum starting point for the FFT by a correlation metric If preamble synchronization is selected the correlation is done between successive blocks of a repetitive preamble structure Alternatively the cyclic prefix synchronization correlates the guard interval of each symbol with the end of the FFT part Both methods additionally return an estima tion of the fractional frequency offset by evaluating the phase of the correlation maxi mum This frequency offset has to be compensated before the FFT to avoid intercarrier interference By default the FFT starting point is put in the center of the guard interval assuming a symmetric impulse response but it can optionally be shifted within the guard interval After performing the FFT for each available OFDM symbol a time frequency matrix H with symbol index and subcarrier index k is available User Manual 1310 0331 02 07 108 R amp S FS K96 K96PC K196 Measurements in Detail 6 2 3 2 6 2 3 3 The following frame synchronization determines the frame start within this matrix and the integer carrier frequency offset This is done by a two dimensional correlation of H with the known pilot matrix from the configuration file To avoid unnecessary computing time for signals with low frequency offset the search length in the frequency
155. supported e TRACE1 Returns the average EVM over all symbols e TRACE2 Returns the minimum EVM found over all symbols e TRACE3 Returns the maximum EVM found over all symbols EVM vs Symbol For the EVM vs Symbol result display the command returns one value for each OFDM symbol that has been analyzed lt EVM gt The unit depends on UNIT EVM The following parameters are supported e TRACE1 Returns the average EVM over all carriers Measurements e TRACE2 Returns the minimum EVM found over all carriers e TRACE3 Returns the maximum EVM found over all carriers EVM vs Symbol X Carrier For the EVM vs Symbol X Carrier the command returns one value for each OFDM cell lt FO Symb0 Carrier1 gt lt FO Symb0 Carrier n gt lt FO Symb1 Carrier1 gt lt FO Symb1 Carrier n gt lt FO Symb n Carrier1 gt lt FO Symb n Carrier n gt lt F1 Symb0 Carrier1 gt lt F1 Symb0 Carrier n gt lt F1 Symb1 Carrier1 gt lt F1 Symb1 Carrier n gt lt F n Symb n Carrier1 gt lt F n Symb n Carrier n gt With F frame and Symb symbol of that subframe The unit depends on UNIT EVM The following parameters are supported e TRACE1 Returns the EVM over all carriers Frequency Error For the Frequency Error result display the command returns one value for each OFDM symbol that has been analyzed lt frequency error g
156. system reigistry e Navigate to HKEY LOCAL MACHINE SOFTWARE Microsoft Windows CurrentVersion policies system e Set the value of DisableCAD to 0 Note that security policies may prevent you from editing the value Contact your IT administrator if you have problems with editing the value or installing the drivers Ordering licenses New license types such as the R amp S FS K96U that upgrades the R amp S FS K96 to the R amp S FS K96PC can be ordered as registered license This means that the license key code is based on the unique serial number of the R amp S FSPC smartcard serial number 1 Start the software without a connected dongle The software opens a dialog box that contains information about a licensing error 2 Connect the smartcard dongle to the computer The software opens the Rohde amp Schwarz License Information dialog box Detected Smartcard s Option j Se FS K130PC 2011 09 22 08 28 Permanent 1 08113691 7622005249260395431512 FS K96PC 2011 09 22 08 28 Permanent 1 Piaam 395057444509254062060722725161 3 Press the Check Licenses button The software shows all current licenses The serial number which is necessary to know if you need a license is shown in the Serial column The Device ID also contains the serial number R amp S FS K96 K96PC K196 Welcome to R amp S FS K96 4 To enter a new license code press the Enter License Key Code button
157. t The unit is always Hz The following parameters are supported e TRACE1 Phase Error For the Phase Error result display the command returns one value for each OFDM symbol that has been analyzed lt phase error gt The unit is always degrees The following parameters are supported e TRACE1 Power vs Carrier For the Power vs Carrier result display the command returns one value for each car rier that has been analyzed Measurements lt power gt The unit is always dBm The following parameters are supported e TRACE1 Returns the average power over all symbols e TRACE2 Returns the minimum power found over all symbols e TRACE3 Returns the maximum power found over all symbols Power Spectrum For the Power Spectrum result display the command returns one value for each trace point lt power gt The unit is always dBm Hz The following parameters are supported e TRACE1 Power vs Symbol For the Power vs Symbol result display the command returns one value for each OFDM symbol that has been analyzed lt power gt The unit is always dBm The following parameters are supported e TRACE1 Returns the average power over all carriers e TRACE2 Returns the minimum power found over all carriers e TRACE3 Returns the maximum power found over all carriers Power vs Symbol X Carrier For the Power vs Symbol X Carrier the command returns one value for each OFDM cell lt
158. t environnemental La soci t Rohde amp Schwarz a t homologu e entre autres conform ment aux syst mes de management ISO 9001 et ISO 14001 Engagement cologique 1 Produits a efficience nerg tique Am lioration continue de la durabilit environnementale Syst me de management environnemental certifi selon ISO 14001 1171 0200 11 V 05 01 1171020011 Customer Support Technical support where and when you need it For quick expert help with any Rohde amp Schwarz equipment contact one of our Customer Support Centers A team of highly qualified engineers provides telephone support and will work with you to find a solution to your query on any aspect of the operation programming or applications of Rohde amp Schwarz equipment Up to date information and upgrades To keep your instrument up to date and to be informed about new application notes related to your instrument please send an e mail to the Customer Support Center stating your instrument and your wish We will take care that you will get the right information Europe Africa Middle East Phone 49 89 4129 12345 customersupport rohde schwarz com North America Phone 1 888 TEST RSA 1 888 837 8772 customer support rsa rohde schwarz com Latin America Phone 1 410 910 7988 customersupport la rohde schwarz com Asia Pacific Phone 6565 13 04 88 customersupport asia rohde schwarz com China Phone 86 800 810 8228 86 400 650 5896
159. tem Configuration Eessen 75 5 1 Matlab Configuration File Format ccccssccceseccsseeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeneeesseeseeeneeeseeeeeeeneeeneees 75 KH SORDM aert CaS Seren N a DEA 78 5 1 2 Generate HO Data Files senora a Ea E ESS 82 5 2 XML Configuration File Format cccccccsseeecseeeeeeseeeeeeeeeesneeeeeeeeeessaeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeeeeess 84 5 2 1 Overview of the R amp S FS K96 Configuration File VWizard rererere 86 5 2 2 Generate HO Data Files ccccccececcecceeeeeeeeeeeceeeeeeeaaeeeeaeeeecaaeeeseeeeesaeeseeneeessaeeetenaees 93 6 Measurements in Detail cicscsccccccticctccctesctcrcsescceedccetecenctetentncceceeneenteenees 96 6 1 General Information on Signal Types c ccccseeseeeeeeseeeeeeeeeeseeeeesneeeeseeeeesseeseeeeeeess 96 eT el RE 96 61 2 e RE 103 GE WT 104 6 2 Signal Processing cccciisceccceccccsecccessecsecetes cesetecescceseetteecaseseteecceectettecesseetteesesseeteeseeses 105 DZ Data CaptuninGiiicsvceiccitcsvicccttessvecstteadvenccttesveveccneveive e ENE rates EEGENEN AER NEEN 105 6 2 2 Channel Elter cei scensscvie ee ei eE NEO ENE EENET ENEE EEEE 106 6 2 3 OFDM Meas reMentsiciinssun iraniano eii iieii 108 6 3 Measurement Result Definitions eceeeceseeseneeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeeeeseeeseeeeseeneeeeeeeaes 110 6 3 1 Error Vector Magnitude EVM Yisiss sissisodan asa aa ceases 110 632 VOlmparmeniS vec svescaseitoces evtcheeccvedeadde T E 111 7 Remote e E 112 7 1 Remote Control Setuipicceci ss cccccceces cccicics
160. the inphase and quadrature magnitude results of all carriers over the respective symbols The inphase values are displayed as yellow dots the quadrature values are displayed as blue dots All analyzed frames are concatenated in symbol direction with blue lines marking the frame borders e Press the Constell softkey e Press the Constell vs Symbol softkey User Manual 1310 0331 02 07 45 R amp S FS K96 K96PC K196 Measurements and Result Displays Constellation vs Time 0 50 Symbol Number Figure 3 17 Constellation vs Symbol Display Remote command CALC FEED CONS CVSY Constellation Selection Opens a dialog box to filter the results that are displayed in the constellation diagrams x Cell Type All x Modulation Ais symbol Carrier Al z Figure 3 18 Constellation Evaluation Filter Panel The results may be filtered by any combination of cell type modulation symbol or car rier The results are updated as soon as any change to the constellation selection parameters is made Note that if you use several screen and have the constellation display on each of these screens it is not possible to have two different filters for the different screens 3 3 5 Statistics and Miscellaneous Measurements EE e E a ees 46 el ITT 47 Buglen DIE el He 48 Allocation AUN orron oca canvnnthes sae sashes TEA E E 48 CCDF The CCDF results display shows the probability of an amplitude exceeding the mean power The X a
161. tings Instrument Settings oeron ee diea deed cee eete dete EENS ENEE 130 Dala tat EEN 131 E Elte riora suulaatvaaaacesnanted abaaeannsuasaiean E aA eae 132 TMOG SN SSNS EE 134 Eu SOWING E 136 Instrument Settings CONFigureINSTUMenET Y PE esea a vid EES 130 CONFigtire RTOICHANM el eissii anniina i ana nip aaan iaiia 131 CONFigure INSTrument TYPE lt Mode gt This command selects the type of instrument you want to use for the measurement For more information on supported instruments see Chapter 2 1 Instrument Connec tion on page 21 7 6 2 Primary Settings Parameters lt Mode gt RTX Selects an oscilloscope SPA Selects a spectrum or signal analyzer Example CONF INST TYPE SPA Selects measurements with a spectrum analyzer Manual operation See Instrument Type on page 51 CONFigure RTO CHANnel lt Mode gt This command selects the signal input channel of an oscilloscope The availability of measurement channels depends on the oscilloscope model you are using Parameters lt Mode gt CH1 CH2 CH3 CH4 Example CONF RTO CHAN CH1 Configures channel 1 to be the input channel Manual operation See RTO Input Channel on page 51 Data Capture SENSE FREQUEN e he 131 SENSe SWEep TIME attest t skiet tesk skr tanteak sni aneea rann anee anas 131 RRE ee KE 132 SENSe FREQuency CENTer lt Frequency gt This command defines the frequen
162. tional for this command Parameters lt State gt ON OFF RST ON Demodulation Control Example SENS TRAC PHAS ON Turns on phase tracking Manual operation See Phase Tracking on page 73 SENSe TRACking TIME lt State gt This command turns tracking of the sample clock deviation on and off Note The syntax element SENSe is not optional for this command Parameters lt State gt ON OFF RST OFF Example SENS TRAC TIME ON Turns on tracking of sample clock deviations Manual operation See Timing Tracking on page 73 7 10 4 Advanced Settings ISENS DEMOG CDD iiini a A a aA AN T SN ieee eaves 155 ISENSe J DEMO GT 155 SENSe DEMod COFFSEt u iiini ENNEN 156 SENSe DEMod CDD lt CDD gt This command defines the cyclic delay Parameters lt CDD gt Cyclic delay in samples RST 0 Example DEM CDD 5 Defines a cyclic delay of 5 samples Manual operation See Cyclic Delay on page 74 SENSe DEMod FFTShift lt FFTShift gt This command defines an offset for the FFT start sample in the guard interval Parameters lt FFTShift gt Numeric value that defines the FFT shift The value is normalized to the length of the guard interval RST 0 5 Example DEM FFTS 0 6 Defines an FFT shift of 0 6 File Management Manual operation See FFT Shift relative to Cyclic Prefix Length on page 74 SENSe DEMod COFFset
163. ument Demo mode Basically you can use the software in demo mode if you have no license The demo mode has limited functionality but you can analyze the 1 Q data from sample files that are delivered with the software If no dongle with a valid license is found the software shows a dialog that asks you to insert a smartcard with a valid license Select the Demo Mode option to start the demo mode The sample signals are delivered with the software and are installed in a subfolder of the software program folder SApplication path SIGNALS Using the smartcard reader dongle Before you can use the software you have to load the license s on a smartcard if you already have one or order a new smartcard R amp S FSPC New license types are avail able as registered licenses see below Note that you can upgrade the license from R amp S FS K96 to R amp S FS K96PC by order ing the license type R amp S FS K96U You can use the smart card together with the USB smart card reader for SIM format supplied with the software Alternatively you can insert the smart card full format in a reader that is connected to or built into your PC Note that support for problems with the smart card licensing can only be guaranteed if the supplied USB smart card reader for SIM format is used 1 With the delivery of the R amp S FSPC you got a smart card and a smart card reader User Manual 1310 0331 02 07 13 Licensing the Software nE
164. unctions setting commands or events and request information query commands Some commands can only be used in one way others work in two ways setting and query If not indicated otherwise the com mands can be used for settings and queries Introduction The syntax of a SCPI command consists of a header and in most cases one or more parameters To use a command as a query you have to append a question mark after the last header element even if the command contains a parameter A header contains one or more keywords separated by a colon Header and parame ters are separated by a white space ASCII code 0 to 9 11 to 32 decimal e g blank If there is more than one parameter for a command these are separated by a comma from one another Remote command examples Note that some remote command examples mentioned in this general introduction may not be supported by the software 7 2 1 Long and Short Form The keywords have a long and a short form You can use either the long or the short form but no other abbreviations of the keywords The short form is emphasized in upper case letters Note however that this emphasis only serves the purpose to distinguish the short from the long form in the manual For the instrument the case does not matter Example SENSe FREQuency CENTer is the same as SENS FREQ CENT 7 2 2 Numeric Suffixes Some keywords have a numeric suffix if the command
165. uration File Format on page 84 Parameters lt Path gt String containing the path and file name Supported file types are mat and xml Example MMEM LOAD CFGF C TEMP K96Test mat Restores configuration stored in the file K96Test mat Usage Setting only Manual operation See Configuration File on page 64 MMEMory LOAD 1Q STATe lt Path gt This command initiates a measurement based on UO data that has been saved to a file previously Parameters lt Path gt String containing the path and name of the file The file extension is iqw Example MMEM LOAD 10 STAT C TEMP MyCapture iqw Restores UO data from a file and initiates a measurement Usage Setting only MMEMory LOAD STATe lt Path gt This command restores settings that have been saved previously Parameters lt Path gt String containing the path and name of the file The file extension is ovsa Example MMEM LOAD STAT C TEMP K96Test ovsa Restores settings from the file K96Test ovsa Usage Setting only MMEMory STORe DEMod STATe lt Path gt This command writes the current demodulation data into a file Parameters lt Path gt String containing the path and name of the target file The file extension is mat Matlab file If a file with the name already exists it will be overwritten Example MMEM STOR DEM STAT C Temp Demod mat Saves the demodulation data to the file Demod mat Usage Setting only Display S
166. urements in Detail 6 2 3 OFDM Measurement ON OFF PREAMBLE CP FFT_SHIFT MAX_BIN_OFFSET ad Capture Burst Time Rough Frame Buffer Detection Sync Compensate ET R_Ik w o frame sync Sync Rk Freq Offset Synchronization Block Freq Clock Channel CPE Gain Modulation Data Rk Estimation Compensate CH Estimation Estimation H Compensate H Detection Decision Ak Freq Clock Offset Channel CPE Gain Pilot Aided Block A_lk Ak Data Aided Block Measurement Block ss ao Freq Clock Channel CPE Gain Rk H Estimation TH Compensate Estimation TH Estimation PHASE_TRACKING TIMING_TRACKING ue GAIN_TRACKING Freq Clock Offset Channel CPE Gain CHANNEL_COMP R_Ik User Defined Compensation A_k y EVM Measurement Figure 6 17 Block Diagram of the FS K96 OFDM Measurement The block diagram in Fig 79 shows the OFDM VSA measurement from the capture buffer containing the UO data to the actual analysis block The signal processing chain can be divided in four major blocks e Synchronization Block e Pilot Aided Block e Data Aided Block e Measurement Block 6 2 3 1 Synchronization Block The synchronization starts with a burst detection that extracts transmission areas within a burst signal by a power threshold For seamless transmission as is the case in most broadcast sy
167. vant parts of the channel impulse response fall outside the cyclic prefix interval FFT Shift 1 0 FFT Shift 0 0 Not available for GFDM waveforms Remote command SENSe DEMod FFTShift on page 155 Maximum Carrier Offset Maximum Carrier Offset defines the search range of the frame synchronization in fre quency direction If set to zero the center frequency offset must be less than half the carrier distance Higher values allow higher frequency offsets but slow down the mea surement time Remote command SENSe DEMod COFFset on page 156 Cyclic Delay Cyclic Delay defines a cyclic shift of the FFT part of each OFDM symbol on the trans mitter side before adding the cyclic prefix This known shift should be compensated in the receiver to get a correct channel phase response Remote command SENSe DEMod CDD on page 155 Matlab Configuration File Format 5 System Configuration File 5 1 The R amp S FS K96 Software has to know the structure of the OFDM system in order to be able to demodulate an OFDM signal correctly By structure we refer to the com plete description of the OFDM system e the number of subcarriers i e the FFT size e the number of symbols e the number of samples in the cyclic prefix also referred to as guard length e the position carrier number symbol number of the pilot symbols data symbols zero symbols don t care symbols e the modulation format of
168. wing the A D converter is implemented in digital hardware with ASICs and FPGAs A numerically controlled oscillator shifts the signal from IF to complex base band followed by a halfband filter and a fractional resampler Arbitrary output sample rates can be set by programming the resampler combined with a subsequent decima tion filter Alternatively to the use of the RF input analog baseband signals can be digitized directly R amp S FSQ B71 Additionally a digital UO interface R amp S FSQ B17 or R amp S FSV B17 is available to analyze digital baseband signals without having to make use of analog components The block diagrams in Figure 6 16 shows the R amp S FSQ ana lyzer hardware from the IF section to the processor running the OFDM VSA downlink measurement 6 2 2 Signal Processing Sampling M e il ple R amp S FSG IF Filter Clock 16 Msample R amp S FSQ 50 20 10 81 6 MHz 235 Msample R amp S FSQ B100 3 1 0 3 Digital Down Converter 705 Msample R amp S FSQ B102 MHz i IF ps 20 4 MHz AN D Q A A gt memory cue gt Ee ee NCO lzenmg Resamplin Dedimeiten Processor R amp S FSQ B72_ Filter elas Filter ras ree ny acim Fest 2 Ch H H D IF Re H sin v i i 408 MHz eS D H Gi A l A l i gt Q memory il i downsampling decimation by
169. ws the power of each carrier in each sym bol of the received signal frames in dBm The resolution bandwidth of the measure ment filter is the carrier spacing e Press the Power softkey e Press the Power vs Sym x Carrier softkey Power vs Symbol x Carrier Carrier Number Figure 3 1 Power vs Symbol x Carrier Display The power is measured with a resolution bandwidth that equals the carrier spacing E S S E E User Manual 1310 0331 02 07 36 R amp S FS K96 K96PC K196 Measurements and Result Displays The power levels are represented by colors The corresponding color map is displayed at the top of the result display All analyzed frames are concatenated in symbol direction Remote command CALC FEED POW PVSC TRACe DATA Power vs Carrier The Power vs Carrier display shows the power of each carrier of the received signal frames in dBm with statistics in symbol direction e Press the Power softkey e Press the Power vs Carrier softkey Power vs Carrier All Symbols Maximum Minimum bhi ha Ai VIII dy NN Uh Figure 3 2 Power vs Carrier Display The power is measured with a resolution bandwidth that equals the carrier spacing You can display the power vs carrier for a particular symbol with Power Selection Remote command CALC FEED POW PVCA TRACe DATA Power vs Symbol The Power vs Symbol display shows the power of each symbol of the received signal frames in dBm with statist
170. xis displays power relative to the measured mean power e Press the Misc Statistic softkey e Press the CCDF softkey User Manual 1310 0331 02 07 46 R amp S FS K96 K96PC K196 Measurements and Result Displays Crest Factor Frame Power 2 0 1 On 0 001 1e 005 4 5 6 Level above RMS dB Figure 3 19 CCDF Display Remote command C ED STAT C Signal Flow The Signal Flow display shows a detailed description of the current measurement sta tus It provides additional hints on what is going wrong within the signal analysis Unused blocks are crossed out e Press the Misc Statistic softkey e Press the Signal Flow softkey Signal Flow Figure 3 20 Signal Flow Display For the synchronization blocks a bar is shown giving information about the reliability of the synchronization result If the level in the bar falls below the thresholds indicated by the horizontal line the color of the bar changes from green to yellow and finally to red When the synchronization of the block fails the complete block changes its color and all succeeding arrows change their color too For detailed information about the complete synchronization process refer to section 7 2 2 User Manual 1310 0331 02 07 47 IO Measurements Remote command CALC FEED STAT SFLO Demodulation Report The demodulation report lists messages generated by the signal processing kernel It can give additional hints about th

R&S FS-K96(PC) and -K196

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R&amp;S FS-K96(PC) and -K196

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R&S FS-K96(PC) and -K196