User`s Manual(current)
Contents
1. 10 POWER CONNECTOR sesisisisesisisisosirosisrsssss 10 ANGAV IRINGO orena 11 COMPUTER POWER SUPRPLY 11 POWER SUPPLY NOI ES u a ssssssa 12 HOW MANY groLEDs on a POWER SUPPLY Gi 5 ETETE EEE 12 ALL LEDS at 5VDC 13 ALL LEDS3t23 3VDCX uuu u us s 13 CHEAP more POWER 13 FIGURE 9 DETAILS 13 SWITCHES or RELAYS 13 BOARD A orena 13 BOARD B7 1 u aaaassssssssssssqsasssasssssussqas 13 BOARD C hreier eerie AE 14 BOARDS D 14 BOARD E iindhiuchorcinntieubhonelsunioneienseuplerss 14 TEC INC u 2 15 BLOCK DIAGRAM 15 SCHEMATIC 16 PC BOARD TOP COPPER 17 PC BOARD BOTTOM COPPER 18 BOARD STATISTICS 18 PERFORMANCE DATA 19 POWER per VOLTAGE 19 Red LEDs POWER 19 White LEDs POWER 0ccceeeeeeeeeees 20 Blue LEDS POWER uu uy u 5 s 21 AMBIENT SUNLIGHT 22 LIGHT OUTPUT per VOLTAGE 22 Red LEDS TIIGII uuu u 2 22 Page 3 of 27 White LEDs LIGHT2. 67037 nt8 81031 ania 60931 enta 97031 9S oz 9S 6T 9S Sty 9S T 99 9T ONS en 9S g1031 OTY ONS en S071 ent 8037 ania fia ets 9031 9g S 9g Bu 9g Z 9G o Jf z o NO 49 NO at NO ade V W e De DW gN9 GNO aNg aNg ONO weve Tok Ira GAE ROU gat SRM og XIE o QII o QIS o s037 eitum 96031 Ste ge037 see 870371 Su 87037 ste A 8031 SQ RU get RHM og SU og m8 og SU og Sea yw swuo aoe eee 88031 pe beast Z 7037 e AF031 ib ri gr R 3 gat WN og sU s sU s SU og yuge ye ynz z 077 ers 037 eey 7037 t 7037 eve 031 E ywgz e u3e p35ugo9o0o8 Red BOT SRM 99 qa 9G sI 9S Qt 9G ZT Zu revsceze coeuer pen ee eee sm es 5037 pexy 99T AM og w I g 8 og 8 og 12031 Tk tegan TEY 1Z031 tzu t1037 TT taa1 T IT ATsnoeueylnwts suao oD2 aauyy Te u ym JUDIT fo P5ugoo wnaseds Butsueleq sgQ31 JLIHM O PO3uQg00 jO p5ugeoe 08 sa noj pue spnq 140 poog sq31 03 ymoab anezr b a 10 poog sg31 3n18 REA ORRIN RACE OST ENA AR T A jO prWgge ZS pZ 98 ET CES SET SE CE WORSE STR T Figure 11 groLEDs annotated Schematic B00 ooo oN pe eee RRR S 3533333 PC BOARD BOTTOM COPPER Figure 13 groLEDs PC Board Bottom Copper Layer BOARD STATISTICS Board Size 1 95 49 53mm x by 2 60 66 04mm y This 2 layer board has 55 signals connecting 211
3. 23 Blue LEDs LERT u u u u uuu uuu 24 VERY BRIGHT 3 31Vdc 25 OTHER LUX VALUES 25 nn sun ns 26 VERTICAL HEAT RISE 26 HORIZONTAL HEAT RISE 27 LIGHT AIRFLOW 27 q EE o BAN Pa Pa A 27 TABLE OF FIGURES Figure 1 Six views of the dimly lit groLEDs ASsS6GmiIDII651 uu uu u uuu u unn ienr 2 Figure 2 Per LED Color Power Connection PO uuu unun nupiumai 7 Figure 3 Switch Holes and the Electrical Functions 7 Figure 4 Wiring LEDs to be ALWAYS ON 9 Figure 5 Wiring LEDs for Remote only Control u eu ois EE AE 9 Figure 6 Wiring LEDs for Remote AND Local COIN a E scare cauvessansevoncoes 9 Figure 7 Power Slide Switches Optional l AA 0 ss 10 Figure 8 Optional Power Connector Installation Figure 9 Multiple groLEDs Gang Powered from Computer Power Supply examples 11 Figure 10 groLEDs Assembly Block Diagram 15 Figure 11 groLEDs annotated Schematic 16 Figure 12 groLEDs PC Board Top Copper Layer su as es dea oe eee ee ee vee 17 Figure 13 groLEDs PC Board Bottom Copper BAY SU u EE EE EE 18 Figure 14 Red LEDs Total Power per Input Voltage POU u ees 19 Figure 15 White LEDs Total Power per Input MOMS POU u us 20 Figure 16 Blue LEDs Total Power per Input NOMS Plot sireenin 21
4. 51Vdc 106mA 372 1mW 83 69 is NOT a large statistically 3 80Vdc 147mA 558 6mW 78 09 significant population use the grevae 200mA 836mW 7368 gata as approximations ony aide 228mA 982 7mW 71 73 The Yellow Highlighted data is Sivac 260mA 1 172 6mW 69 56 one ares eae voltage 4 7ovdc 291mA 1 367 7mW 67 02 causes the nomina 2omA per 5 00Vde 340mA 1 00 0mW 63 8 LED operating point to occur 0 The two BOLD BLUE Data 5 30Vdc 375mA 1 987 5mW 60 75 Table 3 White LEDs Power and Efficiency per Input Voltages points are those that occur when using an ATX Computer Power Supply as the power source as discussed previously in this document Note the 5 30Vdc sampling was NOT included in the Plot of Figure 15 A high end light test at 5 50Vdc needed 419mA of current for 2 305Watts of Power usage The groLEDs user is reminded that the White LEDs are going to flood the area with white light they are NOT narrow beam spot light LEDs like the Red and Blue LEDs used on the groLEDs Page 20 of 27 Blue LEDs POWER ALL BLUE LEDS Total Power Input y axis per Voltage Input x axis The Blue LEDs with their higher similar to the White LEDs forward voltage drop include 5602 series y 808 2 tera assssmi current limiting resistors They turn ON at a minimum voltage of 2 52volts in this plot As the input voltage increases the forward voltage drop across the Blue LEDs increases slight
5. 7 Ae eo A P 7 e rN i x s OS OOSSS cok ee ee ay C K Hn P 00O O TOTO g or Se Se se lt P r a Pa k a 1 Figure 1 Six views of the dimly lit groLEDs Assemblies Page 2 of 27 Table of Contents SAFETY ADVISORY u oasasswsasawaussqussasqwaapupansnau 2 CONTENT u 3 WPI ee PUG WR LU uuu aA AAAA 4 TABLE OF TABLES 4 OVER VIH VV ss unanbpaypaaahyaanaphapahankhapakataa 5 TIPLE opriri 5 DIR UGE oriri AA AAAA AAS 5 ADJUSTABLE SPECTRUM 5 DIRECTIONALLY FOCUSED 5 EASILY CON TROLLED oerrinne aa 6 POV ER DALE uu S 6 INEXPENSIVE 6 PILLI cerr 6 ADJUSTABLE BRIGHTNESS 7 THRU HOLE ONLY 7 POWER CONNECTIONS 7 dpe iam LO beeen ne en rrr sss 7 WIRE SWITCH RELAY 7 MANY POWER OPTIONS 8 COMMON 5 uuu uuu u 8 COMMON GND 8 SEPARATE V SOURCES 8 COMMON CONTROL METHODS 9 VEL ok ON u rrr rr rer Trt 9 REMOTELY CONTROLLED 9 LOCAL amp REMOTE CONTROLLED 9 LOCAL CONTROL only 9 OPTIONALASSEMBLY u u u u ua usasa 10 POWER SWITCHES
6. AND all of the Blue LEDs can be just bright running at 3 3volts or they can be very bright running at 5volts AND all of the White LEDs can be just bright running at 3 3volts or they can be very bright running at 5volts The SPDT contact common connections depicted in Figure 9 for this example D uses the wire connections shown at the top of Figure 9 in the center The switch or relay contacts that supply power to all of the Red LEDs connects to the hole labeled R for both groLEDs boards The switch or relay contacts that supply power to all of the White LEDs connects to the hole labeled W for both groLEDs boards The switch or relay contacts that supply power to all of the Blue LEDs connects to the hole labeled B for both groLEDs boards Don t forget to connect power supply GROUND power return Black Wires to the holes labeled G for both groLEDs boards BOARD E There is just one board in Figure 9 labeled E bottom left corner that is configured for special growing needs Following the wires from the power supply down to the circuit connections for board E one finds that the Red and Blue LEDs are always ON at a very bright level driven by 5volts red wire since there are no intervening switches or relay contacts for controlling these connections The White LEDs on board E are controlled by the one switch or relay contacts that are powered by the 3 3volts source from the power
7. be configured to be Wire soldered across ALWAYS ON whenever there is power i these two holes supplied to the 5v hole referenced to the GND hole Figure 4 Wiring LEDs to be ALWAYS ON REMOTELY CONTROLLED This second wiring diagram shows how a bank any color of LEDs may be configured to be remotely controlled whenever there is power supplied to the 5v hole referenced to the GND hole These two wires are connected by a remotely controlled computer for to a remotely controlled pair instance relay of relay contacts Figure 5 Wiring LEDs for Remote only Control LOCAL amp REMOTE CONTROLLED This third wiring diagram shows how a bank any color of LEDs may be configured to be remotely controlled whenever there is power supplied to the 5v hole referenced to the GND hole by a remotely controlled computer for instance relay AND also locally by the wired in parallel slide switch on the back side of the groLEDs assembly These two wires are connected to a remotely controlled pair of relay contacts Figure 6 Wiring LEDs for Remote AND Local Control Not shown in detail here is the fact that the optional SPDT Slide switch is mounted on the back side of the groLEDs assembly The controlled LEDs will be lit whenever either the slide switch is moved to short the two holes shown with wire connections or when the relay contacts are closed by the remote control equipm
8. fingers There are four 0 2 diameter holes in each of the corners of the groLEDs kit assembly for mounting or hanging the fixture for usage POWER CONNECTIONS WHERE TO Figure 2 Per LED Color Power Connection Points Along the bottom edge of the groLEDs printed circuit board the optional components of manual slide power switches and a two position terminal block for wire to board connections can be installed on the back side of the board The view presented in figure 2 is that of this same area as seen on the top side of the board The added three colored ovals Red White and Blue show the actual wiring holes that really connect to the current limiting resistors driving the LEDs by group respectively WIRE SWITCH RELAY There are several ways to apply power to each of the three banks of LEDs individually or grouped Ona per power connection point the following depicts a few possibilities e This hole connects to the LEDs Power input from wire switch or relay contacts This hole connects to the Power source via 5v by wire switch or relay contacts This hole has no electrical function used for the switch mounting only Figure 3 Switch Holes and the Electrical Functions Page 7 of 27 MANY POWER OPTIONS COMMON 5v The hole in Figure 2 labeled 5v is the main common power input connection It may be wired directly by a wire soldered into this particular hole and may supply an
9. light where it is needed by the plants LED Lamps with narrow beam widths aim their light like spot lights right where it is needed by the plants These brightness ratings are based upon the data sheet specifications for a nominal forward current of 20mA each Actual brightness levels for many different forward current levels are presented in the PERFORMANCE section of this User s Manual Page 5 of 27 EASILY CONTROLLED Most Grow Lamps including many hi tech LED Lamp fixtures only provide on off capability The groLEDs kit is designed so that each bank of colors Blue White and Red can be individually controlled manually or remotely via computer controlled relay contacts or both This enables the user to control the spectrum and the time that light is on versus off changing as the growing cycles change on a per plant basis if desired Adjusting the input low level DC voltage also controls the brightness level An example of this might involve using 5 0Vdc for high brightness growing conditions while using 3 3Vdc for just bright growing conditions POWER SAFE Mixing water and 115Vac never seemed like a good idea in any kind of growing environment Nearly every grow light available including most LED Grow lamps are powered by 115Vac whether by a power cord that plugs into a nearby socket or one that screws into a lamp socket wired for 115Vac The groLEDs kit is designed to be run from 3 0Vdc to 5Vdc en
10. of air movement scheme to cool down the board Later temperature data will be provided showing how the board heats up above ambient temperatures in still air With just a small amount of air moving over the groLEDs assembly the groLEDs assembly was operated at 5 3volts and at 5 5volts inputs for an extended period of time with no thermal issues Page 21 of 27 AMBIENT SUNLIGHT On 20 August 2015 at 1355 hrs with no clouds in the sky several light measurements were made for establishing a comparison light level where many plants around the house attempt to grow NOTE there is no direct sunlight here in the woods three tiers of canopy the maximum at about 150Ofeet maintain a mostly shaded growing environment The average ambient light level was 1209 Lux 112 4 Fc LIGHT OUTPUT per VOLTAGE Red LEDs LIGHT ALL RED LEDS LUX y axis per Voltage Input x axis Bj Y 369 65x ka 595 32 Measured with Tenma Light Meter Ri 0 5971 72 9195 at a distance of 12 0 NOTE The meter is calibrated to a standard incandescent lamp at color temperature 2856 K which is NOT peak for these 635nm LEDs Figure 17 Red LEDs Luminous incident Power Lux per Input Voltages Plot Input Input p Lux p Lux Voltage Voltage o Near the nominal operating point of 20mA 3 31Vdc Supply Voltage 4 00Vdc p 8 p aval per Led ATX Power Voltages higher than 4 94Vdc resu
11. supply So board E lights up very bright Red and Blue LEDs whenever the power supply is on and dimmer White LEDs are turned on and off as needed NOTE The general terms of dim and just bright and very bright are only relative adjectives since in reality all of these LEDs are too bright to look at safely even when they are powered at 3 0volts Absolute brightness levels are presented in the PERFORMANCE section of this document Page 14 of 27 TECHNICAL BLOCK DIAGRAM r Power Connect u Wad 1650nm 120 Power Connect Options Always ON Manual ON OFF Switch Relay Control et al iCurrent rT wad E 30 different Blue LEDs 1900mcd each 468nm 15 Viewing angle Bright Blue clear lens Narrow Beam spot 57 000mcd total 10 different White LEDs 8000mcd each dominant Viewing angle Broad White diffused lens Wide Beam flood 80 000mcd total 10 different Red LEDs 8000mcd 3 each 635nm 20 f Viewing angle Bright Red clear lens Narrow Beam spot 80 000mcd total Figure 10 groLEDs Assembly Block Diagram As noted earlier the brightness levels cited in this block diagram are the data sheet specifications for LEDs operating at their nominal current levels of 20mA each All of the topics covered so far in this document are primarily concerned with the application and distribution of power input
12. the power is lost as heat across the resistors 600 0 400 0 The equation for the trend line can be used to determine the total power for any given input voltage When added to the trend line equations for the Blue and White LEDs total power for the entire groLEDs assembly can be predicted for any given input voltage s The data tabulated in Table 2 Voltage Input Total Current Input PWR Efficiency are just a few samples from 1 69Vdc 99 24 extensive bench testing 2 99Vdc 109mA 325 9mW 63 69 conducted on the first 3 31Vdc 137mA 453 5mW 60 13 groLEDs assembly Since this 3 52Vdc 156mA 549 1mW 56 94 is NOT a large statistically 3 80Vdc 183mA 695 4mW 53 30 significant population use the Bavac _200mA 792mW 50 12 qata as approximations ony aside 232mA 999 9mW 47 91 The Yellow Highlighted data is 51ydc 252mA 1 136 5mW 45 58 that ee 4 70Vdc 271mA 1 273 7mW 44 04 causes tne nomina 2 MAPS 5 01Vde 303mA _ 1 518 0mW 41 63 O Bown to Cee 5 31Vdc 335mA 1 778 9mW 39 55 The two BOLD BLUE Data x Table 2 Red LEDs Power and Efficiency per Input Voltages points are those that occur when using an ATX Computer Power Supply as the power source as discussed previously in this document Note the 5 31Vdc sampling was NOT included in the Plot of Figure 14 A high end light test at 5 50Vdc needed 353mA of current for 1 9415Watts of Power usage Page 19 of 27 White LEDs POWER The White LEDs wi
13. the touch And it must be stressed again that this was an unrealistic still air experiment where real growing environments would have some airflow to lower these temperature values The Infrared laser pointer guided Thermometer was scanned over the whole back side of the groLEDs board holding on the maximum reading found t Total Power is calculated from the sum of the three different trend line equations presented in Figures 15 16 and 17 for the Red White and Blue LEDs respectively except for the lowest non zero reading which only included power for the Red LEDs since the input voltage was not yet high enough to turn on the Blue and White LEDs Page 26 of 27 HORIZONTAL HEAT RISE Rise above Ambient oovde 73 9 re 2 55Vde 74 8 F 173 50mW Sen ee 9 apply here in Table 10 2 76Vde 76 8 F 374 63mW 3 00Vdc 81 5 F 763 49mW 3 30Vdc 88 3 F 14 4 F 1 397Watts Table 10 Horizontal groLEDs Assembly Heat Measurements for various Input Voltages LIGHT AIRFLOW With the groLEDs assembly still powered at Vin 5 00Vdc from the last sample acquired in Table 10 a small desk fan about 5 feet away was turned on low I realize this is not very scientific to see what would happen with the temperatures After two minutes of pause a scan for the highest temperature found that the hot spot right in the middle of the board was now at a much lower 155 6 F a 29 9 F drop in temperature After another t
14. 1 800 831 4242 Q HHIH A x www Jameco com NS YAMECO CET R ION OE Manufacturer JAMECO KITPRO Manufacturer No CJKIT 21420 eroLEDs Kit Users Manual Optional Assembly Components Hookup and Usage Performance Data and Specifications Technical Data including Schematics et al Thomas W Gustin 8 29 2015 This kit was developed by GUSTECH as Club JameCo s Project 21420 The Schematic and Board Layout were developed using EAGLE PRO 6 3 0 tools these design files are available upon request The 2 layer printed circuit board measures just 1 95 x 2 60 and the assembly uses all thru hole components This User s Manual for the groLEDs Kit is all of the documentation needed by the kit builder beyond that already used to assemble the kit to understand all of the technical aspects of the design There are optional components that can be installed if desired There are many ways to wire the power to the groLEDs board and many ways to control it manually by computer or both The performance data includes plotted data for light output per color for a wide range of input voltages as well as the input current for the same ranges The technical presentation includes the fully annotated schematic black and white photoplots of the printed circuit board layers and board statistics Page 1 of 27 roL Ds lit Photographs CSOSS SE OR H HH A AR O 0 01 00 Lie d WO Q od d ed Ole ty aa e
15. Figure 17 Red LEDs Luminous incident Power Lux per Input Voltages Plot 22 Figure 18 White LEDs Luminous Incident Power Lux per Input Voltages Plot 23 Figure 19 Blue LEDs Luminous Incident Power Lux per Input Voltages Plot 24 TABLE of TABLES Table 1 ATX computer Power Supply CONNECUON S u uuuuuuuyuununusunuuy nuusan 12 Table 2 Red LEDs Power and Efficiency per Input Voltages 19 Table 3 White LEDs Power and Efficiency per l pu VO pe u G uu uu 20 Table 4 Blue LEDs Power and Efficiency per HOVO a a u 21 Table 5 Red LEDs Lux levels at a few key Input VO p S sss SS S S 22 Table 6 White LEDs Lux Levels at a few key I pULU VollgBes uu u a 23 Table 7 Blue LEDs Lux Levels at a few key Input VO LI anan nna nnmnnn a NI r s 24 Table 8 Some Common Light Sources Lux V uo u uuu 25 Table 9 Vertical groLEDs Assembly Heat Measurements for various Input Voltages 26 Table 10 Horizontal groLEDs Assembly Heat Measurements for various Input Voltages 27 Page 4 of 27 OVERVIEW TITLE groLEDs Computer Controllable Adjustable Broad Spectrum High Brightness grow 50 LEDs lamp kit The groLEDs kit offers an economical versatile safe efficient and easy to use alternative to traditional and commercial grade Grow Lamp Light products BRIGHT The three different colors of LEDs all include high lumi
16. T contacts connects a single wire to the 5V input of the groLEDs assembly The Power supply is bringing in 5volts on a red wire to this set of SPDT contacts The groLEDs board itself will need to have three wire jumpers installed for always on as shown in Figure 4 slide switches installed for local control as shown in Figure 7 or some other variation see figures 5 and 6 BOARD B Board B next to Board A in Figure 9 is configured to have all 50 of its LEDs running at 3 3volts when the switch or relay contacts are closed as shown The common connection on its SPDT contacts connects a single wire to the 5V input of the groLEDs assembly The Power supply is bringing in 3 3volts on an orange wire to this set of SPDT contacts As with Board A Board B needs to be configured for local remote or some combination of control of the supply to each of its color banks of LEDs since the whole board is receiving a common power voltage level 3 3volts in this example Part 83 15657 MCM Electronics www MCMelectronics com 1 800 543 4330 as found on page 132 of their July 2015 printed catalog gt SPDT Single Pole Double Throw whereas SPST Single Pole Single Throw Page 13 of 27 BOARD C Board C is the last example of a pair of groLEDs boards where all 50 LEDs per groLEDs board are running at the same voltage that is applied to their 5
17. V input connection In the top right corner of Figure 9 just left of the picture of a groLEDs board the bottom side of the board is shown with all four optional components installed three power slide switches and a 2 position terminal block For all three board examples discussed so far A B and C the black GROUND power supply wire connects to the groLEDs board where the label G is depicted while the input supply voltage is connected where the label F is shown Board C wiring is just slightly more complex than those of Board A and Board B There is a pair of SPDT contacts The right one of the pair functions as an ON OFF switch just as in the two previous examples The left SPDT contact selects between 5 Ovolts on the red wire from the power supply or 3 3volts on the orange wire from the power supply to be applied to Board C BOARDS D There are two boards in Figure 9 labeled D because there are two groLEDs assemblies wired in parallel both functioning identically depending upon the three different SPDT contact positions that are supplying power to these groLEDs assemblies Unlike the three previous examples the two groLEDs D assemblies are always ON when the power supply is turned on What makes this example so unique is the fact that all of the Red LEDs can be just bright running at 3 3volts or they can be very bright running at 5volts
18. abling the user to safely use water near the groLEDs kit fixture without fear of electrocution The user places the 115Vac driven power supply in a safe dry location remote from the growing watering area Again this User s Manual lists the light output values and the operating current levels for a broad range of operating voltages from about 3 0volts up to over 5 0volts INEXPENSIVE Compared to all other grow light solutions the groLEDs kit is very inexpensive Not including the printed circuit board and optional components the JameCo catalog list price for all 50 LEDs and their current limiters is just 21 45 Multiple groLEDs kits can be powered from a single extremely inexpensive 15 00 common Computer tower power supply Because these power supplies source high current levels for both 3 3volts and 5 Ovolts relay control of light levels and colors is very simple to implement RELIABLE LEDs have a life cycle measured in tens of thousands of hours or many years significantly longer than any other grow light solution Many commercially available 115Vac powered LED Grow bulbs include integrated AC to DC converters to create the proper power parameters for powering the LEDs within the bulb fixture These converters being active electronics subjected to relatively high heat conditions are prone to fail long before the actual light emitting diodes themselves The groLEDs kit uses only passive components making it much more depe
19. e gt Connect 4 22volts referenced to GND via a wire to the power hole top hole with the blue oval in figure 2 of the BLU switch hole patterns to turn on the Blue LEDs will need at least 600mA of current driving capacity gt Connect 4 12volts referenced to GND via a wire to the power hole right hole with the white oval in figure 2 of the WHT switch hole patterns to turn on the White LEDs will need at least 200mA of current driving capacity gt Connect 3 99volts referenced to GND via a wire to the power hole top hole with the red oval in figure 2 of the RED switch hole patterns to turn on the Red LEDs will need at least 200mA of current driving capacity These three different voltage levels regardless of how they are sourced or controlled will drive all 50 LEDs on the groLEDs assembly to their nominal 20mA operating current levels providing theoretically the light levels depicted in the block diagram for this kit see step 1 of the Assembly Instructions and as listed in the OVERVIEW BRIGHT text on page 5 of this document These three data sheet theoretical voltage levels of 4 22 4 12 and 3 99 volts are different from the actual measured values of 4 18 4 18 and 3 96 volts respectively as presented in the PERFORMANCE DATA section on pages 19 to 21 Page 8 of 27 COMMON CONTROL METHODS ALWAYS ON This first wiring diagram shows how a bank any color of LEDs may
20. e common light sources where some familiarity may be beneficial Lux Level Light 12 Source motes 5Watts CFL Not open spiral enclosed in incandescent style globe 15Watts FL Cool White 2 foot Florescent Tube Desk Lamp 60Watts standard bare Incandescent Light Bulb 19Watts CFL Open spiral 900Lumens rating 2700K color Pair of 4feet 40Watts Cool White Florescent Tubes in a hanging workshop open fixture 100Watts standard bare Incandescent Light Bulb 50WattsH 115Vac Halogen Spot Light track lighting Vehicle Truck s headlamp at a very close 12 at unknown ratings Table 8 Some Common Light Sources Lux Values 80Watts FL Obviously the groLEDs assembly can t compete against my truck s headlamps but it is interesting i Very un scientific simple samplings at 12 distances Page 25 of 27 HEAT The groLEDs assembly due to its totally passive design converts some of the input power to heat across the 50 current limiting resistors one per LED As shown in previous discussions the efficiency drops as the input voltage goes up because the voltage drop across the diodes LEDs is not linear Therefore the heat losses increase as the input voltage goes up While the groLEDs assembly is much more efficient than incandescent bulbs halogen lamps and the very high power grow lamp technologies of metal halide and high pressure sodium lamps and even some florescent bulb systems if you als
21. ent or both To turn the LEDs off therefore both the manual local contro switch AND the remote control relay contacts must be open LOCAL CONTROL only Not explicitly shown here is the final option of using only the back side of the board mounted slide switches to manually ocally control the ON OFF state of its associated LEDs This last option is shown in the next section s OPTIONAL ASSEMBLY topics Page 9 of 27 OPTIONAL ASSEMBLY POWER SWITCHES As mentioned several times in both this document and that of the Assembly Instructions for this groLEDs kit there are four optional components available from JameCo Electronics that can be installed on the assembly The first three components are those of the local control alone or in parallel with remotely controlled relay contacts SPDT Slide Switches The footprints on the printed circuit board for the groLEDs kit are designed for JameCo Part 109171 SPDT Slide Switches If the kit builder user wishes to install these switches do so from the bottom of the board as shown in Figure 7 below If remotely controlled relay contacts are to be wired in as well as described on the preceding page under the topic of local amp remote controlled then connect the relay wires to the top side of the board sharing the solder from the switch pins mounted from below All 3 switches are shown in their OFF ae p Blue positions LEDs Manual Power Control Switch Fi
22. ere very high compared to the Red and Blue LEDs because of the angle of dispersion The White LEDs are FLOOD lamps LEDs with a very wide viewing angle not SPOT lamps LEDs like the Red and Blue LEDs used on the groLEDs assembly Page 23 of 27 Blue LEDs Light ALL BLUE LEDS LUX y axis per Input x axis oy mt Figure 19 Blue LEDs Luminous Incident Power Lux per Input Voltages Plot Input Input L KG Notes vage Notes o ATX Power h 20mA 3 31Vdc Supply Voltage A 18Vdc Near the nominal operating point of 20m Level per Led ATX Power Voltages higher than 4 05Vdc resulted in 5 01Vdc Supply Voltage 5 51Vdc light BRIGHTER than the ambient shaded Level sunlight conditions Table 7 Blue LEDs Lux Levels at a few key Input Voltages Page 24 of 27 VERY BRIGHT 3 31Vdc Adding the Lux value for Red LEDs 629 see Table 5 to the Lux value for White LEDs 120 8 see Table 6 to the Lux value for Blue LEDs 598 see Table 7 all operating at just 3 31Vdc creates a combined light Luminous Power value that is much higher than the ambient sunlight in the shade measurements The groLEDs assembly is VERY BRIGHT even at low operating voltage levels Hence the need for repeating SAFIEY ADVISORY OTHER LUX VALUES It may be helpful for relative comparison purposes to compare the Lux levels of the groLEDs assembly to a few mor
23. gure 7 Power Slide Switches Optional Installation POWER CONNECTOR If the kit builder user wishes to use a terminal block for wiring in a common power source to 5v and ih 5 T x JORR Y GND holes then use any 5mm pitch 2 position terminal block mounting it on the bottom of the board The particular unit shown in Figure 8 is JameCo Part 2094506 Figure 8 Optional Power Connector Installation Page 10 of 27 GANG WIRING COMPUTER POWER SUPPLY The following simplified wiring diagram depicts how multiple groLEDs assemblies can be run from a single computer tower power supply using switchable very bright at 5 Ovo ts and just bright at lt 3 3volts fixed voltages that can be manually controlled or remotely computer controlled via relay contacts 18 er G n 2 G CA RS oF G ATX computer Power Supply using 3 3v amp 5 0v DC Outputs only Figure 9 Multiple groLEDs Gang Powered from Computer Power Supply examples ew Se SPOS x B xy 1 ROR A CKA K CO CELLOS 4 IK JK KK D lt LHM ka SEE TEXT FOR MORE DETAILS agy ME for a single supply driving all LEDs simultaneously Wiring for a separate supplies driving LEDs by color banks Red White Blue ISSS Page 11 of 27 POWER SUPPLY NOTES Voltage Range min max 4 75 Supply Voltage 5 Vdc 5 25 3 135 3 3 Vdc 43 465 GROUND Com
24. lted in 5 01Vdc Supply Voltage 5 50Vdc light BRIGHTER than the ambient shaded Level sunlight conditions Table 5 Red LEDs Lux levels at a few key Input Voltages Rare occurrence in Ohio bright mid summer mid day peak growing time light level measurement 7 All light measurements were made using a Tenma model 72 9195 Light Meter that provides both FootCandles Fc and Lux readouts where they define 1 FootCandle 10 76 Lux Except for the Ambient Light Measurements the Light Meter was exactly 12inches one foot from the Light Meter s sensor Page 22 of 27 White LEDs LIGHT ALL WHITE LEDS LUX y axis per Voltage Input x axis Figure 18 White LEDs Luminous Incident Power Lux per Input Voltages Plot Input Input L L Voltage te Notes Voltage ju Notes 3 31Vdc 120 8 ATX Power Supply 4 11Vdc 247 Near the nominal operating point Voltage Level of 20mA per Led ATX Power Supply 5 00Vdc 347 5 50Vdc Highest voltage used for testing Voltage Level Table 6 White LEDs Lux Levels at a few key Input Voltages Note that none of the White LEDs Lux readings w
25. ly from a low of 2 40volts to a high of 3 21volts with the majority of the total voltage drop occurring across the resistors Therefore as the input voltage increases the total efficiency drops because proportionally more of the Figure 16 Blue LEDs Total Power per Input Voltage Plot power is lost as heat across the resistors They are still more efficient than the Red LEDs examples cited previously The data tabulated in Tobe 4 ss css Se extensive bench testing 3 31vde 209mA 6918mW 86 83 conducted on the first Fo E 5 411mA is NOT a large statistically r significant population use the 4 31Vdc 642mA 2 767 0mW 71 63 data as approximations only 4 51Vdc 735mA 3 314 9mW 69 11 The Yellow Highlighted data is 4 71Vdc 830mA 3 909 3mW 66 51 that where the input voltage 5 01Vdc 976mA 4 889 8mW 63 40 causes the nominal 20mA per 5 31Vdc 1 140mA 6 053 4mW 60 45 LED operating point to occur ce The two BOLD BLUE Data Table 4 Blue LEDs Power and Efficiency per Input Voltages points are those that occur when using an ATX Computer Power Supply as the power source as discussed previously in this document Note the 5 31Vdc sampling was NOT included in the Plot of Figure 16 A high end light test at 5 51Vdc needed 1 213Amperes of current for 6 683Watts of Power usage It is recommended that the groLEDs user does NOT operate the groLEDs above 5 0volts input without also using some kind
26. mon 0 volts 11 400 12 Vdc 412 60 4 75 5 V sb 45 95 5 Vsb or Power ON GROUND GROUND or PWR_OK 5 Vsb 5 Vdc 4 50 5 50 12 Vdc 10 8 13 2 RED ORANGE BLACK YELLOW PURPLE GREEN GREY White Blue Usage Notes These Red wires are used to power the groLEDs at very bright 5volt levels These Orange wires are used to power the groLEDs at just bright 3 3volt levels These Black wires are used to provide the ground path power return for groLEDs assemblies These Yellow wires though not used by the groLEDs assemblies may be used for small 12volt fans if additional ventilation or heat dissipation is desired 5volts standby is present even when rest of the supply lines are turned OFF see Power ON below NOT USED MUST Connect this Green wire to a Black wire always through a switch or a computer controlled pair of relay contacts to turn ON the power supply output voltages NOT USED NOT USED NOT USED Table 1 ATX computer Power Supply Connections As depicted in Figure 9 on the preceding page the Red Wires are 5volt lines the Orange Wires are 3 3volt lines and the Black Wires are the Ground power return lines Not shown in Figure 9 are 1 The GREEN Wire needs to be connected to a BLACK wire to turn ON the power supply and 2 The YELLOW Wires referenced to the Black wires may power small 12 volt computer type fans if localized air movement is desired for either co
27. ndable for many years of service Unlike most Christmas LED strings if and when a LED does fail on the groLEDs kit all the other LEDs remain lit without changing their intensities 2 3 3Vdc and 5 0Vdc are both high current power sources on very inexpensive tower computer supplies where a switch or SPDT relay can select between these two voltage rails based upon growing needs Examples are provided later in this User s Manual Page 6 of 27 ADJUSTABLE BRIGHTNESS Since the groLEDs kit is completely passive it is possible for the user to vary the light intensity as needed by varying the 5volts input down to 3 0volts up to about 5 5volts to decrease or increase the brightness level as needed for specific growing requirements Details about these voltage levels and the overall power requirements are included later in this User s Manual for this kit THRU HOLE ONLY The small 1 95 x 2 6 2 layer printed circuit board uses thru hole components only making it a kit that can be built by any level of expertise All 50 LEDs are mounted on one side of the board see the pictures on page 2 and all of the other components including optional ones are mounted on the backside of the board Since this is not a typical assembly process to include thru hole components on both sides of a printed circuit board the instructions walk the kit builder through the process to ensure reliable solder connections and no scorched LEDs or
28. nosity intensity ratings measured in candela s cd instead of normal LED millicandela mcd ratings The Blue LEDs emit 57cd 57 000mcd the White LEDs emit 80cd 80 000mcd and the Red LEDs emit 80cd 80 000mcd when they are powered at their specified nominal operating current levels The equivalent light output is that of very bright 217 standard candles when all LEDs are lit This document presents actual brightness measurement levels ADJUSTABLE SPECTRUM Unlike many full spectrum Grow Light Products which attempt to provide some additional red and blue light energy mixed with the standard yellow white the groLEDs kit is designed to enable the user to specifically select the light color output based upon growing needs The color combinations include 1 OFF emulating night time darkness 2 BLUE Only ON or 3 RED Only ON or 4 WHITE Only ON or 5 BLUE and RED Only ON or 6 BLUE and WHITE Only ON or 7 RED and WHITE Only ON or 8 BLUE and RED and WHITE all ON This enables the user to emphasize the Blue end of the spectrum when attempting to promote healthy vegetation growth while the Red end is used when enhancing the budding and flowering phases of growth depending upon specific growth requirements DIRECTIONALLY FOCUSED Common Grow Lamps in the shape of 75 Florescent Tubes or common incandescent shaped bulbs broadcast their light in almost all directions requiring mirror reflectors to aim the
29. o consider the ballast power losses they still generate some heat that may become an issue in some growing environments Three simple thermal rise experiments were conducted summarized as 1 Dead air no airflow with the groLEDs assembly vertical 2 Dead air no airflow with the groLEDs assembly horizontal 3 Light air flow from a small desk fan 5 feet away with the groLEDs assembly horizontal For experiments 1 see Table 9 below and 2 see Table 10 below each voltage setting included a two minute delay to permit the heat level to rise and stabilize before the highest temperature reading was acquired on the back resistor side using the Infrared Thermometer of an Extech Model EX210T The first tabulated value at Vin 0 00Vdc is the baseline ambient unpowered board temperature used for the rise values tabulated VERTICAL HEAT RISE As mentioned in footnote 10 the total power tabulated is equation derived and very closely matches G edie cer All 50 LEDs were on except for sie toy ht Gece tae ta for the Blue and White LEDs 2 58Vdc in table 9 The hottest spot was consistently found on the top edge Table 9 Vertical groLEDs Assembly Heat Measurements for various Input Voltages The high heat values for the high input voltage values were a bit of a surprise until the total Power Input Values were added 8 251Watts being dissipated by a single large power resistor would be very warm to
30. oling the groLEDs see thermal measurements later in this document or for providing some ventilation for the plants themselves HOW MANY groLEDs on a POWER SUPPLY Since there are many variations of switching power supplies designed to power varying capacities of computers it is difficult to say with certainty how many groLEDs can be powered from a single power supply The following examples may help understand how the sizing works In my own bench stock have a pair of functional 250watt power supplies with different current level Capacities for the two main voltage rails being used in the example 5volts and 3 3volts 1 Power supply 1 can supply 5V at 27amperes 135Watts and 3 3volts at 14amperes 46 2Watts This is a total of 181 2Watts with the remaining power of 250Watts for the other voltage rails see table 1 above 2 Power supply 2 can supply 5V at 25amperes 125Watts and 3 3volts at 16amperes 52 8Watts This is a total of 177 8Watts with the remaining power of 250Watts for the other voltage rails see table 1 above Page 12 of 27 ALL LEDS at 5VDC If all 50 LEDs per groLEDs assembly are operated at 5volts then 1 619Amperes of current is needed 8 095Watts This means that 15 or 16 groLEDs assemblies can be easily powered from just one of these two small 250Watt ATX computer power supplies using just the 5volts power rail ALL LEDS at 3 3VDC If all 50 LEDs per groLEDs assembly are
31. operated at 3 3volts then 0 424Amperes of current is needed 1 400Watts This means that 33 or 37 groLEDs assemblies can be easily powered from just one of these two small 250Watt ATX computer power supplies using just the 3 3volts power rail CHEAP more POWER OK let s assume that you don t have a spare computer power supply lying around A 480Watt ATX Power Supply almost double the capacity of the ones noted above can be had for just 14 99 This higher wattage power supply can drive up to 66 groLEDs assemblies if they all run at 3 3volts or 22 groLEDs assemblies if they all run at 5volts This single power supply therefore could theoretically power up to 88 groLEDs assemblies before another power supply would be needed for more groLEDs assemblies FIGURE 9 DETAILS SWITCHES or RELAYS a TTT Figure 9 shows 8 examples of SPDT contacts that can be either mechanical switches or eo computer controlled relay contacts or a mix of both as desired Any of these contacts with i M three wire connections need to be SPDT while any with just two wire connections can be either SPDT with one position unused or SPST BOARD A Board A in the bottom right corner of Figure 9 is the first groLEDs assembly whose wiring will be briefly explored It is configured to have All 50 of its LEDs running at 5volts when the switch or relay contacts are closed as shown The common connection on its SPD
32. pads using 183 wires and 7 polygons The top layer is 72 2 copper see figure 12 while the bottom layer is only 60 5 copper see figure 13 above The majority of the wires traces are 0 040 wide with the minimum width being 0 032 The isolation regions on all copper pour polygons is 0 016 The four pad drill sizes are 0 032 0 8128mm 0 051 1 3mm and 0 063 1 6mm for copper filled pads and the largest drill size of 0 199 5 08mm are for the four corner holes lacking copper for mounting the board in various ways There are soldermask layers for both top and bottom but there is only a top layer minimal text silkscreen Page 18 of 27 PERFORMANCE DATA POWER per VOLTAGE Red LEDs POWER ALL RED LEDS Total Power Input y axis per Voltage Input x axis The Red LEDs with their lower oe forward voltage drop include 1000 series current limiting resistors They nn y 104 81x 247 93x 124 19 turn ON at a lower voltage at the R2 1 minimum of 1 69volts in this plot compared to the Blue and White LEDs 1 200 0 1 000 0 800 0 As the input voltage increases the forward voltage drop across the Red LEDs increases slightly from 1 59volts to 2 10volts with the majority of the total voltage drop occurring across the resistors Therefore as the input voltage increases the total efficiency drops because proportionally more of Figure 14 Red LEDs Total Power per Input Voltage Plot
33. s to the groLEDs and less with their actual brightness levels and the power required under various operating conditions These latter topics are discussed in greater detail in the PERFORMANCE section of this document Page 15 of 27 Wd ZZ ZS 1 ST Z TE Z 120 TT TZOT 03 I9 4SQUNN UsWNDOGg pe ysur Bututnpuey YIM 440 yal q few uo pueog 40 WOLLOg y uo aue s uz3itnS pue SxDOTg TeUTW4e p4eog 0 WOLLOG uo suoOySlIS 4 IN c uoTe p4eog O qOl uo sQ31l TY s yoN firqu ssu SHIEMGG S lt ndut NG 404 SdWYTE T yUs44Ng lt ub5trs p TEOL odt sq37o45 31l1Il LTY Atquessy yyt MOA 031 wnasedg peoug SIIT4P Z 4e Ssausord ut s lou seddod ou p e OB he oe EP h gt 2PNB S ae f oan lt lt oO o JLIHM p 30 18 E w 1 18 Page 16 of 27 SCHEMATIC yree ywGz lt suuo9s SSYTOAQ G PPN 40 P pax uu z ie INSE S YWEZ e Yoes PIWGGET w peu 688EETTH Og wer S031 ONT ob oy ands a yaaYys e1ep ou SWYOSG us 9 031 BOT ziete BaT Sry BOT Sry BaT bt BOT 9 y yree uugz lt SSIITOAQ G PPh 40 ywgz 1e INb E ONS SRM og 031 Bry ONS RENN 9g 6 q371 Sey ONS SKU og 8 031 8EY aNg RHN og 0371 E ONS BRUN og 9 037 JEN 1HM ONS en 98031 ents gzaa1 ania 82031 enta 42037 ania 92031 9S E 99 6zt 9S 8zu 9G Z 9G 974 ONS en 22937 ania
34. th their higher than the Red LEDs forward voltage drop include 5602 series current limiting resistors They turn ON at a y 198 17x2 794 13x 719 56 minimum voltage of 2 59volts in this 14000 sa decd plot compared to the Red and Blue LEDs ALL WHITE LEDS Total Power Input y axis per Voltage Input x axis 1 800 0 1 200 0 1 000 0 As the input voltage increases the ue forward voltage drop across the White LEDs increases slightly from a low of 2 43volts to a high of 400 0 3 22volts with the majority of the total voltage drop occurring across the resistors Therefore as the input voltage increases the total efficiency drops because proportionally more of Figure 15 White LEDs Total Power per Input Voltage Plot the power is lost as heat across the resistors They are still more efficient than the Red LEDs examples cited previously 600 0 200 0 The equation for the trend line can be used to determine the total power for any given input voltage When added to the trend line equations for the Blue and Red LEDs total power for the entire groLEDs assembly can be predicted for any given input voltage s The data tabulated in Table 3 Voltage Input Total Current Input PWR Efficiency are just a few samples from 2 59Vdc 99 61 extensive bench testing 2 99Vdc 113 6mW 93 02 conducted on the first 33iVdc 7sma 2582mW 87 13 groLEDs assembly Since this 3
35. wo minutes of pause a scan for the highest temperature found that the hot spot still right in the middle of the board was now at an even lower 132 4 F another 23 2 F drop in temperature After another two minutes of pause another scan for the highest temperature found that the hot spot still right in the middle of the board was now at an even lower 131 7 F After another two minutes of pause a final scan for the highest temperature found that the hot spot still right in the middle of the board was now at a slightly lower 130 4 F Some even a little airflow helps significantly when running the groLEDs assembly at high input voltages the end H1 Total Power is calculated from the sum of the three different trend line equations presented in Figures 15 16 and 17 for the Red White and Blue LEDs respectively except for the lowest non zero reading which only included power for the Red LEDs since the input voltage was not yet high enough to turn on the Blue and White LEDs Page 27 of 27
36. y safe and functional positive voltage referenced to the GND hole that the kit user wishes to apply to all three color banks of LEDs for this particular assembly As an alternative to directly soldering the input power wire to the board the kit builder may optionally install the 2 position terminal block on the back side of the board as discussed later in this document This enables easier rewiring and reconfigurations as growing conditions change This 5v hole also connects to all three center holes of all three triple hole switch installation locations as depicted in Figure 3 COMMON GND The hole in Figure 2 labeled GND is the main common power return or GROUND connection It may be wired directly by a wire soldered into this particular hole or the kit builder may optionally install the 2 position terminal block on the back side of the board as discussed later in this document This enables easier rewiring and reconfigurations as growing conditions change Regardless of the number and voltage levels of power sources used to drive the three different color banks of LEDs on a per groLEDs board basis ALL of the power sources MUST have the same common GROUND connection This will be shown clearly in some of the wiring examples that follow SEPARATE V SOURCES As mentioned it is possible to supply different voltages one each per color bank of LEDs per groLEDs assembly One simple example might b
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