User`s Manual PFCU-4 Filter Set & Relay Control Unit
Contents
1. PFCU Front Panel Connectors Status Output 9 Pin Female D Jack Pinning Chart All TTL signals Active Low 0 Volt Logic 1 Signal Channel Control Input 9 Pin Male D Plug L4 Install PFCU in NIM Bin _J Power up NIM Bin 1L Throw each front panel switch on PFCU in turn and observe the following 1 Associated LED on PFCU panel lights up in flashing mode L4 Attach Male end of interconnector cable to rear of PFCU F end to PF4 L4 Throw each front panel switch on PFCU in turn and observe that the following different things occur 1 Associated LED on PFCU panel lights up but does not flash 2 Corresponding PF4 valves LED lights up LI This completes initial manual testing unless you want to throw the switches a few more times 1 Have a computer controlled TTL output register of at least 4 bits and a program to change their values Model PFCU S N 9x 00nn m Have a computer controlled TTL input register of at least 4 bits and a program to read their values With NIM bin and Computer arrays powered off 1 Connect the PFCU Control Input lines to the TTL output bits 2 Connect the PFCU Status Output lines to the TTL input bits Turn the NIM bin and Computer arrays power back on With all manual switches in OFF position use the computer to toggle each TTL output bit from 1 to O High to Low in turn and observe that the following things all happen 1 Appropriate PFCU front panel LED2. On Req 1 which is NANDed with the Active LO signal Not Remote On Req 1 by gate U2 A to produce On Req 1 which is HIGH when the circuit is supposed to be on This signal is ANDed with Not Shorted by gate U15 A to turn on switching transistor Q1 base resistor R4 limits Q1 s base emitter current Current flows through the external load to Q1 via inductor L1 which is intended to limit current surges in the case of a short circuit and then through the sense resistor R10 Diode D1 provides a return to 24V for inductive surges The voltage across R10 is compared to the On Ref Voltage by comparator U4 B and to the Short Ref Voltage by comparator U4 A The resistor networks R5 R8 and R16 R17 by positive feedback create hysteresis for the detection of the On and Short conditions If a short condition is detected Detect Short 1 goes HIGH and is fed to flip flop U8 1 via Or gate U6 A causing the flip flop to be set to the Shorted condition on the first transition of master clock U7 A This causes Not Shorted to go LO at the input to AND gate U15 A turning off switching transistor Q1 Although the cessation of current through R10 then causes Detect Short 1 to go LO the flip flop s own Shorted signal is ANDed with On Req 1 and fed back to it s input so that it remains in the Shorted state until On Req 1 is turned off when it resets The 4 state sensitive signals On Req 1 Detect On 1 Shorted 1 and Not Shorted 1 are input to the logic network consisting of U
3. comes on 2 Associated PF4 valve LED comes on 3 Associated Status bit toggles from 1 to 0 High to Low Also observe that when the output bits are toggled from 0 to 1 Low to High the opposite things all happen 1 Appropriate PFCU front panel LED goes off 2 Associated PF4 valve LED goes off 3 Associated Status bit toggles from 1 to 0 Now with all computer output bits set to 1 High use the front panel switches to turn each valve on and off in turn and confirm that the same behavior occurs as under computer control Namely 1 Appropriate PFCU front panel LED turns on and off 2 Associated PF4 valve LED turns on and off 3 Associated Status bit toggles from 1 to O and back This completes initial computer control testing This test can be performed either jointly with the tests of IIl A 1 and 2 or separately In addition to the setup required above the PF4 must also be attached to a source of high pressure Air or Inert Gas as per the PF4 instruction manual The test procedures are then identical to those of Sections III A 1 and III A 2 above except that an additional visual inspection is needed to confirm that when each PF4 valve LED is lighted its corresponding pneumatic cylinder is also activated dropping its foil carrier or their shafts if the foil carriers have not yet been mounted into the beam path 10 Model PFCU S N 9x 00nn Section IV Operation IV A Normal Operation The normal operation of the PFCU
4. is quite straightforward It consists of 4 identical circuits cleverly numbered 1 through 4 Each circuit is controlled by 2 inputs a front panel switch and a TTL control input line Each circuit also has two output lines a switched power return line and a TTL status output The correspondences between circuits and input and output lines is shown in Figures 1 and 3 The circuit s two inputs are logically ORed together so that when either the switch is in the In position or the TTL input is LO the circuit is activated When the circuit is activated its power return line is connected to ground through a switching transistor and its TTL status line is switched LO Any external device connected between the power return line and the 24 Volts supplied is thereby also activated IV B Open Circuits The current passing through the switching transistor is sensed and compared to 3 5 mA A value less than 3 5 mA when the circuit is supposed to be activated is interpreted as an Open circuit and causes the circuit s front panel LED to flash as well as the output status line to be set HIGH As soon as the open circuit condition is removed the circuit returns to normal operation IV C Short Circuits The current passing through the switching transistor is also compared to a value of 110 mA A current of greater than 110 mA is interpreted as a Short circuit and causes an internal flip flop to be set to its Short circuit detected position This causes th
5. or through the use of relays The Model PFCU 4 has the following control logic for each of its 4 output lines the output is switched by two ORed inputs a front panel switch and a remote Active Lo input logic level The resulting output line condition is shown by a panel LED and output as an Active Lo TTL logic level In this manner if remote control is overridden from the front panel the actual experimental situation is still reported and can be accurately stored in the remote controller s data record Currents of less than 3 5 mA or greater than 110 mA are detected and interpreted as open and short circuit conditions respectively As a protective feature the output is switched off in approximately 1 us following detection of the short condition and must be reset before normal operation can resume Both short and open conditions are indicated by flashing the faulty circuit s front panel LED and switching its output line High Both the TTL input and output lines are configured active Lo 0 volts logic 1 I C Technical Specifications Physical SIZE Single width NIM module Power Required from NIM Bin 12 V 200 mA 24 V up to 400 mA depending on load Inputs FRONT PANEL 4 SPST switches In Out REMOTE INPUT DB9 M plug Active Lo TTL levels 0 Volts 1 In 4 Model PFCU S N 9x 00nn Controlled Output 24V 5 100 mA diode protected for inductive loads Connector DB9 female receptacle Status Output DB
6. use of intermediate relays I E Related Products XIA also sells connector cables designated PF CAB xx which are specifically intended to connect the PFCU to either a PF4 or a PF2S2 unit Available lengths XX are 15 25 amp 50 These are 9 conductor 26 AWG cables configured as 4 twisted pairs plus ground inside a foil sheath This arrangement provides exceptional signal immunity to noise in large facility or industrial environments Model PFCU S N 9x 00nn Section Ill Installation Ill A Unpacking When unpacking your PFCU you should find the following 3 items _1 The PFCU control module J This instruction manual 2 A Warranty Card Please fill out and return the warranty card before you forget The following installation instructions are written assuming that the PFCU will be used to control a PF4 filter set For other applications appropriate changes should be made in the indicated procedures Ill B Mechanical Installation The only mechanical installation required is to insert the PFCU into a NIM bin and tighten the front panel thumbscrews Ill C Electrical Connections Connections between the PFCU and the controlled equipment e g PF4 must be made as shown in the following sketch Figure 1 Please note that the Returns are switched and must be kept as separate leads The common 24 Volts may be run as a single lead if desired Model PFCU S N 9x 00nn Connections from PFCU to controlled equipment PFCU
7. 11 A U13 A U10 A and U3 A to control the status of the circuit s front panel LED D4 U11 A detects normal operating status which it buffered to the Status Output connector J2 via inverters U5 C and U9 A Two inverters are used so that the final output can be LS TTL When a fault is detected either Detect On 1 or Not Shorted 1 is LO the output of U11 A goes HIGH and the output of U10 A oscillates with the Flasher signal from oscillator U7 B This signal is ANDed by U3 A with the output of U13 A which is HIGH when current should be flowing causing the LED to flash During normal operation the output of U11 A is LO causing the output of U10 A to always be HIGH which together with the HIGH output of U13 A causes the LED to light steadily 12 Model PFCU S N 9x 00nn V B Service If its warranty period has not expired we recommend that a malfunctioning unit be returned to XIA for repair However guided by the above description and using the circuit schematic and parts list in the following section any reasonably competent electronics technician should find the PFCU straightforward to service in case of a component failure By attaching a dummy load of 1200 Q to simulate a normal load 20 mA and 12 KQ to simulate an open circuit 2 mA the various logic levels are readily verified Testing the short circuit protection is more complex since Q1 normally remains on for less than 1 us In this case attach a load of 160 Q or less to the output
8. 9 F receptacle Active Lo TTL levels O Volts 1 valve actuated Fault Detection Open Circuit Output currents below 3 5 mA are indicated as open circuits by flashing the circuit s front panel indicator LED and switching its status output line to O Short Circuit Output currents above 110 mA are switched off and the condition indicated by flashing the circuit s front panel LED and switching its status output line to 0 The circuit must be reset both inputs turned off before it will operate normally again I D Applications The PFCU 4 is principally intended for controlling XIA s PF4 and PF2S2 filter and filter shutter sets When purchased with an appropriate connector cable see below nothing further is required to implement manual control To implement computer control only user specific computer to PFCU connection cables are required Using this PFCU PF4 package it is simple to automate data collection routines for samples whose x ray scattering exceeds the dynamic range of the detector by having the system control computer use the PF4 to adjust the intensity of the x ray beam via the PFCU interface With its convenient control system and protected outputs the PFCU is also well suited for more general experimental control It is equally capable of driving solenoids lamps small heaters relays and various electrically operated valves Equipment whose power requirements exceed the PFCU s rating may still be controlled through the
9. Back Panel Pinning Chart 9 Pin Female D Connector PF4 9 Pin Male D Connector Pinning Chart Cables designated PF CAB xx obtained from XIA make these connections with the leads for each output as a twisted pair and lead 3 as a connecting ground as shown in the following sketch Figure 2 Any cable with DB9 Male and Female connectors and straight through connections may be used instead if it is rated to produce less than 1 Volt drop for the intended current over twice the desired cable length Model PFCU S N 9x 00nn Figure 2 DB9 Male DBO9 Female Pin Pin nnn Connector Shell if any Connector Shell if any Foil Shield if any Foil Shield if any Wire Size 26 or 28 Gauge nominal 0 065 ohm ft maximum w The required connections to appropriate computer controlled input and output registers should be made as shown in the following sketch Figure 3 Both inputs and outputs are Low Power Schottky TTL and are therefore compatible with both TTL and HCMOS circuitry Vin lt 0 5 V for Low Vin gt 2 7 V for High Both input and output are Active Low so that nominal 0 Volts is a logic 1 and grounding an input pin e g 3 will activate the associated PFCU output channel 2 causing the equivalent output pin 3 also to go Low The active low convention was adopted to ease interfacing the PFCU to CAMAC control systems where it is common to many input output devices such as the Joerger QIR and QOR Model PFCU S N 9x 00nn
10. Card In order to register your instrument for our guarantee policy please fill out and return the warranty card at the bottom of the Warranty Information sheet Model PFCU S N 9x 00nn Section Il General Product Description I A Features Implements both manual and computer control of PF4 filter unit small relays or other experimente equipment 4 output lines each at 24V 5 100 mA diode protected for inductive loads Outputs switched by front panel switches or TTL remote control input signals Detects both open and short circuits as error states short circuit protected Panel LEDs show normal activation flash for errors states Reports normal output activation status with TTL output signals 4 Single width NIM module powered from the NIM bin L B Description The Model PFCU 4 is a flexible control unit both for such XIA products as the Model PF4 Filter Inserters and Model PF2S2 Filter Shutter Units and for many other types of small experimental equipment Packaged as a single width NIM module it implements both manual control via front panel switches and remote control via TTL logic inputs and outputs It is thereby compatible with a variety of computer I O modules including both CAMAC modules and personal computer I O cards Since its 4 output lines are rated for inductive loads of up to 100 mA at 24 Volts it may also be used to control a variety of other experimental equipment as well either directly
11. Model PFCU S N 9x 00nn User s Manual PFCU 4 Filter Set amp Relay Control Unit S N 9x 00nn X ray Instrumentation Associates 1300 Mills Street Menlo Park CA 94025 3210 415 325 5779 February 15 1991 Model PFCU S N 9x 00nn Contents I Warranty and Registration Card cccececeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeeneees 3 A Our guarantee poll6y iiccia er eder uae Luca dx che xpa ved EXE Ec EU Plac A ACH YE deERRMUE B Qur repair SerViCe icasi C Warranty Card iori eno earainn reip Ru ga ga bu aEES KE aeii a DURER MARKE Erias II General Product Descriptlion ree o nite rrr tra euro nutu no aa vpn rana ad aua nnus As FEAtures cT B Description G SpecltTicatllons stisesadicdcad ea ia iaa a a a aai dana FREE D ApplicallOns iioi ceo dania PI E KI NEXU a aaa Ill Installation A Unpacking osascesitccnes wacentccesenanestancats cus IRA NER ESI REC FR QU raii ai B Mechanical Installation eee po ire e rre o o n ono a eren annua ne repre su ua rar aun C Electrical Connections ieri uer eee Be nu cei inw denice sen denos atiakucR NP REEEN esses D Initial Testing eT IV Operation A Normal Operation aicsin inean aaa aai aani B Open CIrCUNS isois cS C Short CIF CUliS iee a E E a Ra V Troubleshooting and Service 0cececeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeceeeseseeeseeeseeeeeenenens A Detailed Theory of Operation cccccseeeeeeeeeee eee ee eeeeeaeeeeeeeeeeeen
12. and connect a 0 5 V square wave pulser at a frequency of between 1 and 10 kHz to the appropriate Control Input connecter pin This will cause the unit to be turned on and reset at the pulser frequency so the transient behavior can be examined using an oscilloscope triggered by the pulser A time base of about 1 us div will be appropriate In particular the comparator U4 A should start triggering when Ve at the emitter of Q1 passes 0 77 Volts However due to propagation and clock cycle delays Ve may rise as high as 1 9 Volts and saturate briefly for a true short circuit before Q1 is switched off Section VI Circuit Schematic and Parts List VILA Circuit Schematic The circuit schematic follows this page VI B Parts List The parts list follows the circuit schematic 13
13. assynchronous oscillator circuits a Reset on Power On a voltage divider to create 2 reference voltages for use in detecting short and open circuit conditions and 5 Volt voltage regulator U1 The first oscillator Section A of Integrated circuit U7 hereafter U7 A etc is a CMOS version of a 555 oscillator timer which uses resistors R6 R11 and capacitor C7 to produce a square wave of about 2 MHz with about a 5096 duty cycle This signal is used as a clock for setting and resetting the flip flop U8 as part of short circuit detection The second oscillator U7 B with R7 R13 and C6 produces about a 3 Hz signal which is used to flash the front panel lights when error signals are detected The Reset on Power On circuit consists of an RC network R9 C3 amp D2 with about a 1 10 sec time constant feeding two Schmidt triggers U5 A and U5 B When Vcc is first turned on Reset is LO resetting all the flip flops in U8 to the Not Shorted state After about 1 10 sec Reset goes high leaving the flip flops in a well defined state The voltage divider consisting of R35 R40 and R43 produces the two reference voltages Short Ref and On Ref used to detect the short circuit and open circuit conditions respectively Their design values are Short Ref 0 77 Volts On Ref 55 mV In this section we now describe the operation of a single section of the circuit the other three being identical in function Closing the front panel switch S1 creates Not Local
14. e switching transistor to be shut off the front panel LED to flash and the output status line to be set HIGH The entire detection and shutoff time is less than a microsecond When the short circuit condition has been corrected the circuit must be reset by switching both of its inputs OFF before it can be turned on again to resume normal operation Notice that only a short circuit in the controlled circuit is detected Shorting the supplied 24 Volts to some external ground will not be detected by this module IV D Distinguishing Between Error Conditions Because both error conditions are expected to be rare events the PFCU does not distinguish between them in its signals to the user In both cases the front panel light flashes and the output status line goes HIGH The easiest way to distinguish between the two cases after visually checking the connections between the PFCU and the controlled device for unplugged connectors etc is to measure the resistance in the external circuit which is causing the PFCU to go into error mode Using the 24V supply a resistance of greater than 6800 Q will result in the open circuit condition A resistance of less than 220 Q will result in a short circuit condition 11 Model PFCU S N 9x 00nn Section V Troubleshooting and Service V A Detailed Theory of Operation The PFCU consists of 4 identical control circuits and 5 simple support circuits which are common to the 4 control circuits These latter are
15. enees BiSGRVICE MN N VI Assembly Drawings and Parts List eeeeeeeeeeerrn A Assembly Drawings a esuvocvena Cru iita adiac rw suia AA OY sica Ra e WOW dud d wi prid Mi EB Wer Model PFCU S N 9x 00nn Section I Warranty and Registration Card I A Our Guarantee Policy PFCU control units are guaranteed against failure under normal operating conditions for 1 year from time of purchase Should a unit fail it will be repaired or replaced in as expeditious a manner as possible to minimize disruption to its owner s experiments In such an event please call us immediately to arrange for free repair service Be sure to register your instrument I B Our Repair Service In line with XIA s goal of making your experimental life easier we also have a repair service which will attempt to repair at a reasonable cost any XIA instrument that fails whether it is in warranty or not The components of this service which can be selected as your needs require include 1 Timely repairs Our goal is to complete normal repairs in 2 working days or less 2 Complete testing and checkout before return to assure that the repaired instrument will continue to perform reliably 3 Loaners to keep your experiment running if we expect a delay in obtaining necessary replacement parts 4 Expedited handling by 2nd day overnight or even same day rush delivery to get you going again in critical situations I C Warranty
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