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Rural HSPF modelling Technical Guide

1. Add Attribute Figure 3 19 WDMUtil Time Series Attributes e Click OK e Click the Write Time Series to WDM button outlined in red in figure 3 20 Tools Figure 3 20 WDMUtil Write Time Series Tool o In the Write to WDM dialogue assign an Output DSN value based on the next available number from the stored time series if any o Consider using a different range of DSN values for precipitation and potential evapotranspiration data 3 5 2 Potential Evapotranspiration Reason Model will run in hourly time steps All input data will need to be in the same time units If they differ the model will not run correctly e Use WDMUtil to disaggregate the daily time series into hourly distribution of data is based on latitude and time of year o Select the Compute button from the Tools frame outlined in red in figure 3 21 Figure 3 21 WDMUtil Compute button o Select Disaggregate in the Operation frame 18 Select Evapotranspiration in the Disaggregate Functions frame In the Input s selection in the Timeseries frame select the relevant weekly potential evapotranspiration EVAP dataset In the Output selection enter the next available DSN value Enter a Latitude in the additional inputs these needs to be in d m s sss format which can be converted from the location of the potential evapotranspiration data recording see OS coordinate transformation tool in Appendix H The completed form should appear sim
2. Ena escription QUAJAN QUAFEB QUAMAR QUAAPR QUAMAY GUAJUN GQUAJUL QUAAUG QUASEP QUAOCT QUANOV QUADEC Grassland 25000 26000 32000 E 000 61000 32000 59 TIB E 000 63000 25000 25000 25000 z Mountain heath bor 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 13 Woodland 57 57 57 57 57 57 57 57 57 57 57 57 14 Built up areas 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 Arable amp horticultural 6800 7500 17000 7000 43000 7000 43000 6800 44000 6800 7000 6800 16 Water 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 21 Grassland 51000 51000 52000 28000 56000 53000 56000 53000 57000 51000 51000 51000 Table MON ACCUM Monthly values of accumulation rate of QUALOF at start of each month This table is only required if VQOFG in Table type QUAL PROPS is 1 This table should be repeated for each quality constituent Parameter lt PLS gt Value at start of each month for accum rate of QUALOF lb ac day Figure 7 6 WinHSPF Completed table in the Edit PERLND MON ACCUM Window e Click OK e Inthe Input Data Editor window navigate to PERLAND gt PQUAL from the first tree level O O Double click on MON SQOLIM Open the relevant prepared BIT spreadsheet this must have a matching number of sub catchments as well as having been setup as described in section 6 1 Switch to the MON SQOLIM worksheet in the BIT spreadsheet As with the MON ACCUM worksheet yellow highlighted cells indicate where user input to the worksheet is required In column A of the BIT spreadsheet the Land
3. Figure 5 4 WinHSPF Simulation Time and Meteorological Data location from the list In the Met Segments section click Add Fill out the Met Segment information for each Precip and Pot Evap combination present in the model catchment see Rain gauge location in section 3 3 1 Click the drop down arrow next to the segment Name to select the next Met rain gauge 33 Link the Met constituents with the appropriate datasets This is done in the same way as setting up the initial met segment An example is shown in figure 5 5 i WinHSPF Add Met Segment BAX Name STOCKS R Stocks Reservoir Tel Log bi Constituent r T STYPE Data Set Mfact m Mfact A Precip PREC 22 STOCKS R Air Temp ee Dew Point WDM2 Wind WDM2 Cloud WDM2 i 1 1 Solar Rad WDM2 1 0 Pot E vap WDM2 1 Figure 5 5 WinHSPF Add Met Segment e Click OK e Repeat the process until all Met Segments present in the model catchment have been defined and added e Note Having two Met Segments with the same Precip location and different Pot Evap data sets is problematic for data entry they are not clearly distinguishable when it comes to selection either by the user or the software For this reason select a single Pot Evap data set which is most common for the sub catchments at each Precip data set location As the model has been set to individual segmentation the Met Segments need to be linked to both the land uses and the reaches withi
4. END QUAL INPUT END IMPLND RCHRES ACTIVITY xxx RCHRES Active sections xxx x x HYFG ADFG CNFG HTFG SDFG GQFG OXFG NUFG PKFG PHFG 1 7 1 T 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 eal ND ACTIVITY PRINT INFO RCHRES Printout level flags xxx x x HYDR ADCA CONS HEAT SED GQL OXRX NUTR PLNK PHCB PIVL PYR 1 7 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 9 gal ND PRINT INFO BINARY INFO x RCHRES Binary Output level flags xxx x x HYDR ADCA CONS HEAT SED GQL OXRX NUTR PLNK PHCB PIVL PYR 1 7 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 9 END BINARY INFO GEN INFO EPK Name Nexits Unit Systems Printer RCHRES t series Engl Metr LKFG KER Sear lX in out a 1 1 a 1 91 0 0 92 0 2 2 1 1 1 91 0 0 92 0 3 3 1 1 J 91 0 0 92 0 4 4 1 il Al 91 0 0 92 0 5 5 1 1 1 91 0 0 92 0 6 6 1 I T 91 0 0 92 0 7 7 1 1 1 91 0 0 92 0 END GEN INFO HYDR PARM1 ERR Flags for HYDR section RC HRES VC Al A2 A3 ODFVFG for each ODGTFG for each FUNCT for each xxx x x FG FG FG FG possible exit possible exit possible exit 1 7 O1 aly le AL 4 0 0 0 0 Oxe Ox 20 020i O Is Coe a Se END HYDR PARM1 HYDR PARM2 95 x RCHRES FTBW FTBU LEN DELTH STCOR KS DB50 PE SS ER miles EE EE in 1 0s 1 0 7 10 3s2 0 5 OLOT 2 0 2 1 85 36 3 2 0 5 0 01 3 0 3 0 85 9 32 0 5 0 01 4 Ois 4 0 08 9 3 2 0 5 0 01
5. O Q O The average percent rise slope along the sub catchments reaches A Slope grid in percent rise is calculated from the DEM using the Slope Tool The Zonal Statistics as Table tool is used to extract average slope from the Slope grid where it coincides with the DrainageLine shapefile features The table containing the average slope values per sub catchment reach is joined to the DrainageLine shapefile by their sub catchment IDs and the average slope is transferred to a new field float type and is divided by 100 to put the values in a range of O and 1 instead of O and 100 24 e Downstream Sub catchment ID o This data records the linkages between the sub catchments and shows which downstream sub catchment each sub catchment drains into o It requires the conversion of the NextDownID field in the DrainageLine attributes into HSPF sub catchment IDs o This is achieved by joining the DrainageLine shapefile to itself using the NextDownID and HydrolD fields The HydrolD field acts as an intermediary field to allow the NextDownID to be translated to the HSPF sub catchment ID o A sub catchment which does not drain into another sub catchment i e it exits the model should be given a downstream sub catchment ID of 7 There should only be one exit for each model For each HSPF model the following values will also need to be calculated for and predominantly using the Catchment shapefile produced by the Arc Hydro Tools manual proce
6. e You can double click the data to view the attributes of each time series This is useful to identify which is the hourly flow time series typically DSN 1001 from the daily flow data typically DSN 101 66 e Click on the hourly FLOW data in the Time Series list to highlight it grey e In the Dates section under Current enter the date range 2012 1 1 2012 12 30 in YYYY MM DD format as shown in figure 10 1 Reason 2012 was selected as the year in which to run both rural and urban models and provide input to the river and estuary model The end date of 30 December 2012 marks the end date of the currently provided MORECS potential evapotranspiration data And as a result determines the end date of the 2012 model output e To view the data in a plot click the Generate Graphs button ll e Inthe Graph window that is opened click Generate e A plot of the selected flow data for the entered data range is produced similar to figure 10 2 ill Genscn Standard Plot BAX Fie Edit Yiew Coordinates 27 FLOW a RCH1 Figure 10 2 Example GenSen Plot e The plot type style and format can be adjusted with the settings found under the Edit menu in the Genscn Standard Plot window e Plots can be copied to the clipboard or saved as image files by going to File gt Save e Once finished close the Genscn Standard Plot and Graph windows 10 2 Exporting Model Output Data e Returning to the GenScn window and ensure the FLOW and DQALI
7. 5 0 5 1 9 34 352 Os 5 0 01 6 0 6 0 99 6 SZ 0 5 0 01 7 0 7 2 05 26 3 2 0 5 0 01 END HYDR PARM2 HYDR INIT teres Initial conditions for HYDR section RC HRES VOL CAT Initial value of COLIND initial value of OUTDGT RAVES SEP mK ac ft for each possible exit for each possible exit ft3 1 7 0 01 4 2 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 2 Qed Sls 2 OJS Te L8 END HYDR INIT GQ GENDATA xxx RCHRES NGQL TPFG PHFG ROFG CDFG SDFG PYFG LAT BRK SU SK deg 1 7 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 END GQ GENDATA GQ QALDATA XXX RCHRES GQID DQAL CONCID CONV QTY ID KARO K concid 1 7E COLIFORM 3 0 5 OR L 0 0353 ORG END GQ QALDATA GQ QALFG xxx RCHRES HDRL OXID PHOT VOLT BIOD GEN SDAS KKK x AH xX 1 7 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 END GQ QALFG GQ GENDECAY RCHRES FSTDEC THFST wee x xX day il 7 0333 TT END GQ GENDECAY END RCHRES FTABLES FTABLE 1 rows cols KRR 8 4 depth area volume outflowl 0 1 69 0 0 0 5 178 0 87 20 89 Be 254 10 58 988 9 6 25 Zak o 13 88 1456 99 7 81 8 36 26 53 2169 22 9 38 8 88 40 4119 32 160 94 60 19 5274 223820278 75 31225 111 49 18283 63 20067014 END FTABLE 1 FTABLE 3 96 rows cols 8 4 depth area 0 2 05 0 5 225 5z 3 07 6 25 3 533 TB LO gh 9 238 10 76 160 94 72 89 812 05 135 02 END FTABLE 3 FTABLE 2 rows cols 8 4 depth area 0 4 48 0 5 4 7 Ds 6 72 6 25 7 28 7 81 22 1i 9 38 23 5 1 160 94 159 28 3 t25 295 05 END FTABLE 2 FTABLE 4 rows cols 8 4 depth area 0z 0 19 025 0 2 5s 0 29
8. 6 25 0 31 7 81 0 94 9 38 ilies 160 94 6 78 312 5 12455 END FTABLE 4 FTABLE 5 rows cols 8 4 depth area O s 4 6 0 5 4 83 5x 62 9 6 25 7 48 74 8 1 22 72 9 38 24 16 160 94 163 67 81265 303 18 END FTABLE 5 FTABLE 6 rows cols 8 4 depth area Oi 2439 0 5 2 251 KK K volume outflowl 0 O 1 05 LTT 12 81 812 91 16 81 1197 7 82 12 LPB Ss L7 48 44 3386 23 6387 453140400 75 22142 74 16495777 KK K volume outflowl 0 O 2 3 28 51 27 99 1349 8 36 74 1988 72 70 2 2960 88 105 85 5622 67 13958 23 5214492 5 48387 65 27390486 KKK volume outflowl 0 On 0 1 34 53 1 19 1634 95 1 56 2408 84 2 99 3586 36 4 5 6810 46 593 81 6316050 5 2058 52 33176708 KKK volume outflowl O 0 2336 34 87 28 76 1650 68 Be LO 2432 01 72 14 3620 86 108 77 6875 98 14343 13 6376810 49721 96 33495862 kkk volume outflowl 0 0 1423 To 78 97 53 3 59 6 25 3 89 7 81 11 82 9 38 V2 57 160 94 85212 3F2 r9 157 67 END FTABLE 6 FTABLE 7 rows cols 8 4 depth area 0 4 96 0 5 393 21 5a 7 44 65 25 8 06 TiO 24 49 9 38 26 04 160 94 176 36 Bik25 326 68 END FTABLE 7 END FTABLES EXT SOURCES lt Volume gt lt Member gt lt Name gt x lt Name gt x xxx Met Seg CLIFTON WDM2 5 PREC WDM2 51 PEVT xxx Met Seg CLIFTON WDM2 5 PREC WDM2 51 PEVT x Met Seg CLIFTON W
9. ModelSeg ray wsd File Watershed Table 4 2 Fields and Values Required for the Creation of the HSPF rch Input File The wsd file contains the fields listed in table 4 3 Values taken from the GIS processing of the Catchment and subsequent WSD shapefile are shown in square brackets other values are default values shown in the appropriate format Speech marks are required either side of the value provided in the LU Name field The data in the wsd file is delimited by five spaces as opposed to a standard single space in the other input files This was adhered to in order 28 to be consistent with the format provided by other wsd examples and the wsd files create using BASINS An example of the wsd file and additional description is provided in Appendix F Field Value LU Name HSPF Land use category Type 1 Impervious 2 Pervious Type Watershd ID Sub catchment ID Area Sub catchment Area Sub catchment Average Slope Slope Distance 0 Table 4 3 Fields and Values Required for the Creation of the HSPF wsd Input File Once created the four HSPF input files should all be given the same file name while keeping their respective file extensions It is sensible for the filename to be the same as the HSPF model ID The four HSPF input files are also required to be stored in the same directory only the wsd file is located when creating an HSPF model using WinHSPF the
10. PWAT PARM2 EER L PUSS FOREST LZSN INFILT LSUR KKK x xX in in hr ft 101 107 Ws 6 5 0 16 350 201 207 Ls 6 5 0 16 350 301 307 T 6 5 0 16 300 403 Is 6 5 0 16 300 501 507 1 67 5 0 16 350 601 607 1 65 0 16 350 701 703 T 6 5 0 16 350 705 0 4 0 16 350 706 707 T 65 0 16 350 END PWAT PARM2 PWAT PARM3 kkk lt PLS gt PETMAX PETMIN INFEXP INFILD RRR SE SK deg F deg F 101 707 40 35 5 Die 23 END PWAT PARM3 PWAT PARM4 EER LPE gt CEPSC UZSN NSUR INTFW KKK x xX in in 101 707 0 1 1 128 0 2 0275 END PWAT PARM4 PWAT STATE1 xxx lt PLS gt PWATER state variables in BARK SSE CEPS SURS UZS IFWS 101 707 0 01 0 01 0 3 0 01 END PWAT STATE1 MON INTERCEP xxx lt PLS gt Interception storage capacity at start xxx x x JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG LOL FOTS Og ORT Ost OnE Oe JON Ost 1052 END MON INTERCEP MON LZETPARM x lt PLS gt Lower zone evapotransp parm at start xxx x x JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG LOL YOR 0727 O22 0 23 0 23 0 4 Ov4 0 4 90 4 91 0 0 92 0 0 0 92 0 0 0 92 0 0 0 92 0 0 0 92 0 0 0 92 0 0 0 92 0 0 0 92 0 0 0 92 0 0 0 92 0 0 0 92 0 VLE IFFC HWT IRRG 1 q 0 0 SLSUR KVARY 1 in 0 023937 0 0 029466 On 0 032704 O 0 035626 O 0 025124 Ors 0 017593 Ors 0 016834 Qis 0 016834 0 0 016834 0 DEEPFR BASETP 0 1 0 02 IRC LZETP 1 day 0 5 QL LZS AGWS Eas 0 01 of each month in SEP OCT NOV DEC Or 0s 0s 10 2 of each month
11. SEP OCT NOV DEC 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 2 IFRD AGWRC 1 day 98 98 98 98 98 98 98 98 lt 98 je OPO Or OO Oe AGWETP GWVS 0 01 END MON LZETPARM SED PARM2 KER lt PLS gt SMPF KRER JRER AFFIX COVER NVSI xeK x xX day lb ac day 101 707 T 0 14 2s 0 03 0 88 0 END SED PARM2 SED PARM3 xxx lt PLS gt Sediment parameter 3 ERE SROS R KSER JSER KGER JGER 101 707 0 1 2 0 01 bes END SED PARM3 NQUALS RAK oe PLS gt xxx x xNQUAL 101 707 1 END NQUALS QUAL PROPS xxx lt PLS gt Identifiers and Flags BONER KY SS QUALID OTID OSD VPFW VPFS QSO VQO OIFW VIQC QAGW 101 707F COLIFORM ORG 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 END QUAL PROPS QUAL INPUT ERK Storage on surface and nonseasonal parameters KR SQO POTEW POTFS ACQOP SQOLIM WSQOP TOOQC lt PLS gt qty ac qty ton qty ton qty qty ac in hr qty ft3 qty RR KS ROEP R ac day 101 707 100 0 5 Os 0 0z 0 2 0 END QUAL INPUT MON ACCUM XKX LPES gt KKK x x 101 10 20 Value at start of each month for accum rate of QUALOF lb JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC 1400015000370001400099000140009900014000 1 e5140001400014000 2400026000380004000099000400009400040000 1 e5240002500024000 Sel Orr Sek ST O27 os Seh BaN Oak ADe Det eT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 160001800043000170001 1e5170001 1e5160001 2e5160001700016000 320003400048000520001 2e5530001 2e5530001 3e5320003300032000 0
12. The work is undertaken in ArcMap to extract and organise the relevant data Final preparation of the data can be undertaken in Excel and Notepad to save the input files in the correct format Models were built in ArcMap to semi automate this process copies of these outlining the workflow have been included in Appendix A and Appendix B Descriptions of the required data to calculate and an overview as to how to achieve this are also listed below Finally tables for the four input files show where these calculated values are used and also the appropriate default values used in the remainder of the files Examples of the four input files are included in Appendices C F 4 2 1 GIS Processing For each HSPF model the following values will need to be calculated for and predominantly using the DrainageLine shapefile produced by the Arc Hydro Tools manual processing method section 3 2 2 Calculations are undertaken in ArcMap in order to create the ptf 23 channel geometry and rch reach HSPF input files Further detail can be found in Appendix A Catchment ID O O Indicates the HSPF model and is used for reference Manually added to an attribute field based on the model being processed Sub Catchment ID O Indicates the HSPF model sub catchment Reclassified from the feature attributes in the DrainageLine shapefile Reach Length miles O Length of the representative drainage line reach contained in each sub catch
13. Z2 2 222 E zZ 222 2 2 2 E Z 2 22 2 2 E Zz AO TO he a ae gd eh O Ga HAADWAHAAWAAKAAAWAAHAAAVAAAATVE Z2 Z Z G O T Ot Ore Ota IS OS GG OG a te OS a UCI Created by Win 2003 0 ERP OUTPT L HSPF for 12 1 01 00 00 EVELS 1 0 RUN 12 e 12 0 1 ch ut 12 wdm ae END 2012 12 30 00 00 0 UNITS Met C2C_MI 12 hbn 101 103 106 107 101 301 303 304 306 307 301 201 203 204 206 207 201 403 501 503 507 501 601 603 604 ET wdm INDELT 01 00 89 eal PERLND 606 PERLND 607 IMPLND 601 PERLND 701 PERLND 702 PERLND 703 PERLND 705 PERLND 706 PERLND 707 IMPLND 701 RCHRES 1 RCHRES 3 RCHRES 2 RCHRES 4 RCHRES 5 RCHRES 6 RCHRES 7 END INGRP ND OPN SEQUENCE ERLND ACTIVITY ae PLS gt x X ATMP SNOW 101 707 0 0 END ACTIVITY PRINT INFO POR BTS gt xx x x ATMP SNOW 101 707 4 4 END PRINT INFO BINARY INFO AE SG PLS gt x x ATMP SNOW 101 707 4 4 ND BINARY INFO gal PWAT 1 PWAT PWAT 4 Active ED S S Binary ED S 1 4 GEN INFO ER Name kk lt PLS gt KK x x 101 Arable amp horticultur 103 Grassland 106 Woodland 107 Built up areas 201 Arable amp
14. amp Filter section of the Data tab o Inthe Advanced Filter form enter the details as shown in figure 6 4 o Click OK Action C Filter the list in place Copy to another location List range SAS1 C 2255 Criteria range Copy to Sheet6 SES 1 Cancel Figure 6 4 Completed Excel Advanced Filter Form 47 e Use the filtered list of unique combinations of catchments sub catchments and IDs as a new table e Add columns to the new table for each of the animal types o The animal column order should match that of the Animal worksheet in the BIT spreadsheet to assist with data entry e Calculate summed proportional numbers for each animal type based on the unique ID code rounded to the nearest whole number o An example formula would be ROUND SUMIF W 2 W 2255 AG2 X 2 X 2255 0 where the range W 2 W 2255 range of all ID codes or sub catchments numbers if processing models individually AG2 the unique ID code or sub catchments number if processing models individually X 2 X 2255 the range of proportional animal numbers e Copy the calculated data and overwrite it by pasting as values in the same location This is to stop the spreadsheet recalculating the formula e Ifall model catchments have been calculated together use filters to filter according to model catchment This allows for the animal count data to be copied into the Animal worksheet of the relevant catchment BIT spreadsheet 6 1 4 Manur
15. gt e The Pollutant Selection window should look the same as figure 7 1 WinHSPF Pollutant Selection WJicleg Available Selected ma F COLIFORM lt Remove DO WATERTEMP Figure 7 1 WinHSPF Pollutant Selection e Click OK 7 2 Edit Control Cards e Click the Control Cards button e Inthe Control Window Selection window that opens select Descriptions e Inthe Control Cards window select the Reaches Reservoirs tab e Uncheck HTRCH this requires additional temperature data figure 7 2 52 ua WinHSPF Control Cards BAX HYDR Hydraulic Behavior ADCALC Advection of Fully Entrained Constituents CONS Conservative Constituents SEDTRN Behavior of Inorganic Sediment GQUAL Generalized Quality Constituents OXRX Primary DO and BOD Balances NUTRX Primary Inorganic Nitrogen and Phosphorus Balances PLANK Plankton Populations and Associated Reactions PHCARB pH Carbon Dioxide Total Inorganic Carbon and Alkalinity mi i ies ie USUSI Figure 7 2 WinHSPF Control Cards e Click OK e Two Control Card Query windows will open prompting that additional tables are required as a result of the changes that have been made and asking if you would like to add them automatically e Click OK for each window 7 3 Edit Properties and Enter Accumulations from the BIT e Inthe Input Data Editor window that opens navigate to PERLAND gt PQUAL o Double click QUAL PROPS
16. o In the Edit PERLND QUAL PROPS window enter O in first row of the QIFWFG column you may need to scroll right or expand the window to see the column o With the text cursor still in the first row cell double click the column header to copy the 0 value down in all rows of that column o Repeat this process entering O values for columns VIQCFG QAGWFG and VAQCFG o The finished Edit PERLND QUAL PROPS window should look similar to figure 7 3 53 ef Edit PERLND QUAL PROPS SAX V Show Description Occurrence fi F COLIFORt OpNum Description QUALID QTYID QSDFG VPFWFG VPFSFG QSOFG VQOFG QIPWFG VIQCFG QAGWFG VAQCFG 11 Grassland F COLIFORM 0RG 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 T2 Mountain heath bog F COLIFORM ORG 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 13 Woodland F COLIFORM 0RG 0 0 0 1 1 0 a 0 0 14 Built up areas F COLIFORM 0RG 0 0 0 1 1 0 a 0 0 15 Arable amp horticultural F COLIFORM 0RG 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 16 Water F COLIFORM 0RG 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 21 Grassland F COLIFORM ORG 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 a gt Table QUAL PROPS Identifiers and flags for a quality constituent This table should be repeated for each quality constituent Parameter If VAQCFG is 1 the concentration of this constituent in groundwater outflow may vary monthly If Z or 4 no interpolation is used If 3 or 4 units are mg L This requires QTYID to be LB English or KG Metric Cancel Apply Help Figure 7 3 WinHSPF Finished Edit PERLND QUAL PROPS Window iv
17. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sack JO 41587 con coe O69 UT bad Ba soe Oak 5S 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 130001500036000140009600014000960001300099000130001400013000 280002900041000450001 1e54600099000460001 1e5280002800028000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SAT dels lt Sset Bosch Ga sak Oe Sbad Oe ob Soe oe 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 210002300033000170006900022000690002100071000210002200021000 130001400048000130001 3e5130001 3e65130001 3e5130001300013000 230002400035000340008900035000850003400091000230002300023000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 140001600047000150001 3e5150001 3e5140001 3e5140001500014000 270002900041000420001 1e543000 1 e5420001 1e5270002700027000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sah wl Ost bet 5 07 pedo Joel Onc OI Bebe DA SSE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 110001300036000120009500012000950001100098000110001200011000 92 VAQC 0 AOQC t3 0 ac day 702 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 703 250002600036000370008900039000840003900091000250002500025000 705 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 706 Sam Beal Sone be Sar Bast DE Gar ADS eR Sb eT 707 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 END MON ACCUM MON SQOLIM xxx lt PLS gt Value at start of month for limiting storage of QUALOF lb ac xxx x x JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP O
18. 0 00119757 gt Figure 10 3 Timeseries Data Window with Number Format Options Completed To export the data table go to File gt Save to Text File Check Character delimited and ensure a comma is entered in the character text box Navigate to and select the location to save the output text file Enter an appropriate filename and include a csv file extension The completed dialog window should look similar to figure 10 4 68 amp Specify Format of Text File Column Format Sec Files Matching txt C Tab delimited SIc C Space delimited Scc Character delimited L I Catchments C Fixed width space padded N Output j Include Column Titles Empty Cell Text Cancel File Name Figure 10 4 Save To Text File Dialog Click OK The exported csv file can be opened in MS Excel and other comparable software The file will contain both flow data in ft s and FIO data in cfu litre x 10 which can be converted back to metric data analysed further and used to plot outputs accordingly In the case of the FIO data multiplying the model output by 10 will convert it to correct values in the more commonly used cfu 100m units 69 11 Calibration A brief overview of some of the considerations to HSPF model calibration is given in this section Additional sources links to which are provided in Appendix H are also suggested which give much further detail and guidance A reminder on ensuring the
19. Fac Enter stream threshold to initiate a stream Number of cells 20000 Area square km 2 000000 Stream Grid Str Figure 3 9 Arc Hydro Tools Stream Definition e Click OK e Create Stream Segmentation o Click Terrain Preprocessing on the Arc Hydro Tools Toolbar o Inthe menu that drops select Stream Definition o Check that the details are entered correctly as in figure 3 10 Flow Direction Grid Stream Grid Sink Watershed Grid Sink Link Grid Stream Link Grid StrLnk Figure 3 10 Arc Hydro Tools Stream Segmentation e Click OK Perform Catchment Grid Delineation o Click Terrain Preprocessing on the Arc Hydro Tools Toolbar o Inthe menu that drops select Catchment Grid Delineation o Check that the details are entered correctly as in figure 3 11 Flow Direction Grid Link Grid Catchment Grid Cat Figure 3 11 Arc Hydro Tools Catchment Grid Delineation Click OK Perform Catchment Polygon Processing o Click Terrain Preprocessing on the Arc Hydro Tools Toolbar o Inthe menu that drops select Catchment Polygon Processing o Check that the details are entered correctly as in figure 3 12 F Catchment Polygon Proces Catchment Grid Catchment Catchment Figure 3 12 Arc Hydro Tools Catchment Polygon Processing Click OK Perform Drainage Line Processing o Click Terrain Preprocessing on the Arc Hydro Tools Toolbar o Inthe menu that drops select D
20. HSPF Jick General Land Use Streams Subbasins Point Sources Met Stations HSPF Project Name 01 Land Use Type Other Shapefile e Subbasins Layer Watershed Shapefile demw shp v Streams Layer Stream Reach Shapefile net demnet shp A Point Sources Layer lt none gt bd Met Stations Layer lt none gt Status Update specifications if desired then click OK to proceed Cmca 21 Figure 4 2 BASINS Create HSPF Model General Click the Land Use tab Select the Land Use Layer as the HSPF Land Use Select the field which stores the HSPF land use category data in for Classification Field Enter an Impervious Percent of 50 for Built up areas Leave the rest at 0 The completed form should look similar to figure 4 3 i BASINS HSPF BAX General Land Use Streams Subbasins Point Sources Met Stations _ Land Use Layer Landuse iv Classification Field HSPF_LU x Classification File lt none gt Group Description Impervious Percent Grassland 0 Built up areas 50 Woodland 0 Arable amp horticultural 0 Water 0 Status Update specifications if desired then click OK to proceed Figure 4 3 BASINS Create HSPF Model Land Use Inspect the Streams Subbasins and Point Sources tabs values on these should be able to be left at their defaults Click on the Met Stations tab Click Select and navigate and open the Met data wdm file Select a
21. HSPF model can be run once the following changes have been e If the new climate change time series data has been saved in the original met wdm with existing observed time series then the model met segments will need to be amended see section 5 3 e If anew met wdm has been created then the model uci file will need modifying by changing the location of the WDM2 file in the uci File section see Appendix G o This process is untested if it fails to work or breaks the model an alternative would be to recreate the model and use the new met wdm file when creating it as in section 5 1 and 5 2 76 Appendices Appendix A ArcMap Model Builder Diagrams for ptf and rch HSPF Input Files The following ArcMap Model Builder diagrams detail the work flow in creating a shapefile based on the Arc Hydro tools DrainageLine output see section 3 2 2 The output contains measured values required in the creation of the ptf and psr HSPF model input files There are three Model Builder diagrams which should be performed in sequence The first prepares new fields in the DrainageLine shapefile and calculates HSPF sub catchment numbers and values of reach length based on the DrainageLine features and attributes P 77 The second diagram continues processing the DrainageLine shapefile Here it identifies the exit sub catchment and then joins a copy of the DrainageLine shapefile as an intermediary file to translate the Arc Hydro Tools NextDown
22. Math tab e Calculations can be performed on the existing time series on this tab using the provided mathematical functions or operators and selecting the relevant existing time series data or entering numeric values An example is shown in figure 12 2 e Edit the Description of the New Properties for the output time series e Leave the Save in option as lt in memory gt this gives you the option of saving the output as a new time series with a new DSN value or overwriting the existing time series by saving it with the same DSN value o The former option should be used if retaining all met time series data in the same met wdm file o The latter option can be used if a copy of the met wdm file has been taken o The steps to save an in memory time series are described in section 3 5 1 75 Change Interval Add Remove Dates Shift Dates Math Table Filter Values C Add Mean Log10 Geometric Mean Min C Sub C Weight Loge C interpolate C Max C Mult Line C e Convert Units C Div Abs Exponent Include aj values before and g values after each value T base exponent alternate form T base exponent base OBSERVED BILLINGE PREC 1 C C2C HSPF Met C2C_MET wdm New Properties Scenario OBSERVED Location BILLINGE Constituent PREC ID 26 Description Billinge Hill Auto Units Unknown Save in kin memory Figure 12 2 WDMUtil New Time Series Window With modified met data the
23. Precipitation XX15 XX 30 XX 45 XX 00 sum XX 15 XX 30 XX 45 XX 00 Figure 3 14 MS Excel Conversion to Hourly Tume Steps o Clean the data so that only the hourly summed values remain with date and time e Save precipitation data in correct format for importing into wdm Reason Saving the data following the template provided below and as a csv format allows for relatively simple import into a wdm file using WDMUtil This is the format used to store time series data in by HSPF o Prepare the data in the column format illustrated in figure 3 15 Value Year Month Day Hour Minute Figure 3 15 MS Excel Precipitation Data Column Format o Remove any header row o Save the data as a csv file e Rain gauge location Reason Rain gauge station locations are needed by HSPF when saving the data within a wdm file and when selecting an initial met station and assigning met segments section 5 4 when creating an HSPF model Coordinates need to be recorded as latitude and longitude in 12 decimal degrees for wdm file entry Additionally rain gauge locations are used to determine which rain gauge data should be used for each model sub catchment according to proximity o Plot OS Nation Grid coordinates of rain gauges using GIS grid references available in station header information o Convert OS National Grid References into latitude and longitude in decimal degrees WGS84
24. RCHRES 3 2 3 6 RCHRES 3 2 34 5 RCHRES 3 2 11 4 RCHRES 3 2 467 1 RCHRES 2 2 281 4 RCHRES 2 1 5413 RCHRES 2 2 5 6 RCHRES 2 2 46 5 RCHRES 2 2 PERLND 207 281 4 RCHRES 2 2 PERLND 403 222 RCHRES 4 2 RCHRES 1 RCHRES 4 3 RCHRES 3 RCHRES 4 3 PERLND 501 185 8 RCHRES 5 2 IMPLND 501 86 2 RCHRES 5 1 PERLND 503 851 2 RCHRES 5 2 PERLND 507 86 2 RCHRES 5 2 RCHRES 2 RCHRES 5 3 RCHRES 4 RCHRES 5 3 PERLND 601 22949 RCHRES 6 2 IMPLND 601 65 8 RCHRES 6 1 PERLND 603 790 RCHRES 6 2 PERLND 604 0 4 RCHRES 6 2 PERLND 606 38 1 RCHRES 6 2 PERLND 607 65 8 RCHRES 6 2 PERLND 701 255 4 RCHRES 7 2 IMPLND 701 64 5 RCHRES 7 1 PERLND 702 64 4 RCHRES 7 2 PERLND 703 639 1 RCHRES 7 2 PERLND 705 12 RCHRES 7 2 PERLND 706 7 6 RCHRES 7 2 PERLND 707 64 5 RCHRES y 2 RCHRES 5 RCHRES 7 3 RCHRES 6 RCHRES 7 3 END SCHEMATIC EXT TARGETS lt Volume gt lt Grp gt lt Member gt lt Mult gt Tran lt Volume gt lt Member gt Tsys Aggr Amd lt Name gt x lt Name gt x x lt factor gt strg lt Name gt x lt Name gt qf tem strg strg RCHRES 7 HYDR RO 11 AVER WDM1 101 FLOW 1 ENGL AGGR REPL RCHRES 7 HYDR RO A AVER WDM1 1001 FLOW 1 ENGL AGGR REPL RCHRES 7 GQUAL DQAL L 1 WDM1 1002 DQAL1 1 ENGL AGGR RE
25. SNOW IWAT SLD IWG IQAL xxx x 101 701 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 9 ND BINARY INFO al GEN INFO ae Name Unit systems Printer BinaryOut x lt ILS gt t series Engl Metr Engl Metr WRK KE E amp R in out 101 701Built up areas 1 1 0 0 92 0 END GEN INFO IWAT PARM1 KERK lt ILS gt Flags x x x CSNO RTOP VRS VNN RTLI 101 701 0 0 0 0 0 END IWAT PARM1 IWAT PARM2 RAK lt TTLS gt LSUR SLSUR NSUR RETSC KKK x x t in 101 350 0 023937 0 05 O 1 201 350 0 029466 0 05 O 1 301 300 0 032704 0 05 0 1 501 350 0 025124 0 05 0 1 601 350 0 017593 0 05 0 1 701 350 0 016834 0 05 0 1 END IWAT PARM2 IWAT PARM3 RAK LTES gt PETMAX PETMIN KERK ox o X deg F deg F 101 701 40 35 END IWAT PARM3 IWAT STATE1 xxx lt ILS gt IWATER state variables inches RR SEG SE ABS RETS SURS 101 701 0 01 0 01 END IWAT STATE1 SLD PARM2 AIS KEIM JEIM ACCSDP REMSDP xxx lt ILS gt tons day ALAAAY SG AS 5 SG ac day 101 701 0 1 2 0 0044 0 03 END SLD PARM2 NQUALS 94 kkk lt TLS gt xxx x xNQUAL 101 701 1 END NQUALS QUAL PROPS ERK ALTES Identifiers and Flags WARK S QUALID Q TID QSD VPFW QSO VQO 101 701F COLIFORM ORG 0 0 1 0 END QUAL PROPS QUAL INPUT ERRE Storage on surface and nonseasonal parameters RER SQO POTEW ACQOP SQOLIM WSQOP xxx lt ILS gt qty ac qty ton qty qty ac in hr KER SP ac day 101 701 0 001 Os O 0 00001 0 46
26. all operations grouped together indicating that the same parameter values in those sections are applied throughout PWAT PARM3 ee ee PL SS PE TMAX PETMIN INFEXP INFILD DEEPFR BASETP AGWETP PORE OE deg F deg F 101 305 40 35 oe 2 0 1 0 02 0 END PWAT PARM3 Figure 5 12 PWAT PARMS3 Module of HSPF uci File 38 PWAT PARM4 xkk lt PLS gt CEPSC UZSN NSUR INTEW IRC LZETP KKK x xX in in 1 day 101 305 0 1 1 128 02 0 75 0 5 0 1 END PWAT PARM4 Figure 5 13 PWAT PARM4 Module of HSPF uci File e Changes to the groupings maybe as a result of user intervention land use differences or different met segments e To edit values simply type over the existing values for the appropriate operation and parameter e Ensure that you are replacing the value with a matching format and that you are maintaining the space separation between parameters e To save edits to the model parameters chose File gt Save in MS Notepad e Close Notepad e Reopen the model by selecting the saved uci file in WinHSPF File gt Open e Direct changes to the uci file can be checked in WinHSPF using the steps outlined in section 5 5 2 e If an error occurs when opening or running a model in which direct parameter changes have been made revert back to the backup copy and attempt to make the changes again 5 6 Add Model Flow Output t e Click the Output Manager button rE e Select the Output Type as Flow e Clic
27. constituents are still added to the Time Series list and the Current date range in the Dates section is entered as 2012 1 1 2012 12 30 as described in section 10 1 67 e Inthe Time Series section select both the hourly FLOW likely to be DSN 1001 this can be confirmed by double clicking the time series entry and inspecting the attributes and the D QAL1 time series entries Hold down Ctrl when selecting multiple entries u e Click the List Timeseries Values button in the Analysis section e Inthe Timeseries Data window which opens go to Edit gt Number Format to be able to edit the number format of the model outputs e Using the value as shown in table 10 1 click in the corresponding cells in the Timeseries Data window table pressing return to ensure the changes are applied Number Format FLOW DQALI Number Width 10 10 Significant Digits 10 10 Decimal Places 5 8 Table 10 1 Number Format Values for Model Outputs e The completed and correctly formatted output table should look similar to the one shown in figure 10 3 Timeseries Data aA File Edit 27 27 RCH1 RCH1 FLOW DQALL 10 10 10 10 x Scenario Lle Location Constituent Significant Digits Decimal Places 5 8 2012 01 01 00 00 16 11526 0 00512529 2012 01 01 01 00 15 91567 0 00357695 2012 01 01 02 00 15 74321 0 00248820 2012701701 03 00 15 59634 0 00172743 2012 01 01 04 00 15 47183
28. e Click OK e In the Input Data Editor window return to the first tree level and navigate to IMPLND gt IQUAL o Double click on QUAL INPUT o In the Edit IMPLND QUAL INPUT window enter 0 007 in first row of the SQO column o With the text cursor still in the first row cell double click the column header to copy the 0 007 value down in all rows of that column o Repeat this process entering the values from table 7 1 for columns POTFW ACQOP and SQOLIM Parameter Value SQO 0 001 POTFW 0 ACQOP 0 SQOLIM 0 00001 Table 7 1 WinHSPF Input Data o The finished Edit IMPLND QUAL INPUT window should look similar to figure 7 4 54 Edit IMPLND QUAL INPUT MV Show Description Occurrence ji F COLIFORt peria D escription n POTFW ACQOP SQOLIM Built up areas 0 0 0 00001 Built up areas a 0 0 0 00001 201 Built up areas 0 001 0 0 0 00001 131 Built up areas 0 001 0 0 0 00001 141 Built up areas 0 001 0 0 0 00001 211 Built up areas 0 001 0 0 0 00001 31 Built up areas 0 001 0 0 0 00001 Table QUAL INPUT Storage on surface and nonseasonal parameters for IQUAL IMPLND This table is repeated for each quality constituent Parameter SQOLIM is the maximum storage of QUALOF if QSOFG is positive Storage on surface and nonseasonal parameters sQo POTFW ACQOP SQOLIM WSQOP Figure 7 4 WinHSPF Finished Edit IMPLND QUAL INPUT Window e Click OK 7 4 Add Monthly Accumulation Rates and Limitin
29. e Select the DEM for the Raw DEM e Select the Rivers shapefile for the Agree Stream e Leave other fields as their default values as in figure 3 5 DEM Reconditioning X Raw DEM dem tif AGREE Stream rivers AGREE DEM AgreeDEM Stream buffer number of cells 5 Smooth drop raise DEM Z unit 10 Sharp drop raise DEM Z unit 1000 Figure 3 5 Arc Hydro Tools DEM Reconditioning e Click OK e Fill sinks o Click Terrain Preprocessing on the Arc Hydro Tools Toolbar o Inthe menu that drops down go to DEM Manipulation gt Fill Sinks o Select the newly created AgreeDEM as the DEM and fill out the rest of the details as in figure 3 6 9 Fill Sinks x DEM Deranged Polygon Null Hydro DEM Fil C Use IsSink Field Fill Method O Fill Threshold DEM Z Unit 10 Fill All Figure 3 6 Arc Hydro Tools Fill Sinks e Click OK Having prepared a DEM for the entire C2C area the model sub catchments can be processed individually for better speed and error checking This process will need to be completed for each of the model catchments to be run e Open anew ArcMap document e Add to ArcMap o The Filled DEM Fi which was created in the previous step o A model catchment shapefile e Save the ArcMap document a mxd file Arc Hydro Tools will save output files in the same directory as the mxd file This mxd document will be specific to the one model the model represe
30. format and record for later use when storing data in wdm file o Create Thiessen Polygon layer using ArcMap to create polygons representing the area of influence for each rain gauge based on Euclidean geometry o Use GIS to perform a spatial Join on the model sub catchments with the rain gauge locations so that each sub catchment is assigned the rain gauge which falls within it or the gauge which is closest to it o Can visually check the spatial join using Thiessen Polygon layer created previously o This data can be used to assign an initial model met segment section 5 1 and 5 2 and to add and assign met segments for all model operations when creating the HSPF model see section 5 4 3 3 2 Potential Evapotranspiration e MORECS values come in a weekly time series Reason Model will run in hourly time steps All input data will need to be in the same time units If they differ the model will not run correctly A complete time series of evapotranspiration data is also required o Use linear interpolation to compute daily values from the weekly data within a spreadsheet e Data should be converted from mm to inches Reason Model is run using imperial units o Multiply mm by 0 0393700787 to get inches e Save potential evapotranspiration data in correct format for importing into wdm Reason Saving the data following the template provided below and as a csv format allows for relatively simple import into a wdm file using WDMUtil T
31. horticultur 203 Grassland 204 Mountain heath bog 206 Woodland 207 Built up areas 301 Arable amp horticultur 303 Grassland 304 Mountain heath bog 306 Woodland 307 Built up areas 403 Grassland 501 Arable amp horticultur 503 Grassland 507 Built up areas Sections PST PWG PQAL MSTL 0 0 1 0 Print flags PST PWG PQAL MSTL 4 4 4 4 Output Flags PST PWG POQAL MSTL 4 4 4 4 Unit systems t series in out 1 1 Ak 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i T 1 1 1 1 1 1 al T 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 a fl Ji T 1 90 4r EST NITR 0 0 tu EST NITR 4 4 tU EST NITR 4 4 Printer Engl Metr COND ED C 1S O11 OD 5 OO OO OL Or 1Orxr Ore OO OO Ol Or Or O O Or OC O or PHOS TRAC 0 0 PHOS TRAC 4 4 PHOS TRAC 4 4 BinaryOut Engl Metr 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 OO OOO OOO OVO OO Or rE X k KK K PIVL PIVL PYR PYR 601 Arable amp horticultur 1 1 603 Grassland 1 I 604 Mountain heath bog T T 606 Woodland 1 1 607 Built up areas T 1 701 Arable amp horticultur 1 1 702 Coast Sea 1 1 703 Grassland 1 1 705 Water 1 1 706 Woodland 1 q 707 Built up areas 1 1 END GEN INFO PWAT PARM1 kkk lt PLS gt Flags xxx x Xx CSNO RTOP UZFG VCS VUZ VNN VIFW VIRC 101 707 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 END PWAT PARM1
32. in the units of the target layer Note A point falling inside a polygon is treated as being closest to the polygon i e a distance of 0 3 The result of the join will be saved into a new layer Specify output shapefile or feature dass for this new layer About joining data Figure 6 3 Completed Join Data Form Use the Union tool to combine the spatially joined fishnet output with the C2C model sub catchment areas It is possible to do this for all model sub catchments at once to save time The C2C model sub catchments data should have fields detailing HSPF catchment number and sub catchment number o Search for and open the Union tool add the spatially joined fishnets and the model sub catchments as Input Features and assign an Output Feature class Open the attribute table for the new Union output layer Select using Select by Attributes any rows which are not within a sub catchment FID of sub catchment field in Union layer 1 Delete selected rows Delete Rows tool 46 e Add anew field to the Union layer called Area of type double e Right click the new Area field heading select Calculate Geometry and calculate the Area for the field a metric unit can be used here this is to be allow calculation of proportional area e Export the table of the union layer for use in Excel o Click the Table Options button in the attribute Table window and select Export Save the table as a Text File The remaind
33. is available for download from the U S EPA website for link see Bacteria Indicator Tool BIT section in Appendix H The U S EPA documentation should be used as the primary reference for the BIT A practical exercise is also available for preparing the BIT and entering accumulation values from the BIT into WinHSPF as covered in section 7 4 see BASINS Tutorials and Training Exercise 10 in Appendix H This section will detail steps undertaken to prepare data for entry into the BIT spreadsheets for the C2C HSPF models and any C2C specific modifications that have been made to the BIT spreadsheets Data is taken from the preparation of the HSPF input files as well as the processing of additional sources such as agcensus for animal populations A restrictive data entry length in the HSPF model has also required a workaround to be found to resolve this issue by converting the values 6 1 1 Sub catchments A BIT spreadsheet is required for each model catchment The BIT spreadsheets need to be modified so that they are calculating values based on the correct number of sub catchments present in each HSPF model This has to be performed for each worksheet in the BIT spreadsheet with additional sub catchment rows being accounted for in the BIT spreadsheet formulas and calculations Models with the same number of sub catchments can use the same blank BIT templates but should be saved separately following data entry 6 1 2 Land Use Areas in acres of th
34. l WDM Location ID RCH Cy Hon iy Base WDM DSN 7000 C Daily OK Cancel Figure 7 10 WinHSPF Add Output e Click OK The Output Manager window will look similar to figure 7 11 ua WinHSPF Output Manager ka Oo E Output Type Hydrology Calibration C AQUATOX Linkage C Flow Other Output will be generated at each Other output location for the specified constituents Output Locations Name o escription Group Member RCHRES 1 GQUAL DGAL Remove Copy Figure 7 1 WinHSPF Output Manager e Click Close 61 The model can now be run to generate hourly concentrations of faecal coliform for the modelled catchment At this point you can attempt further calibration of the Water Quality HSPF model and generate further outputs Further information on how to do this is available in later sections e Click the Run HSPF button e WinHSPF asks if you wish to save new changes to the model see Figure 7 12 va Confirm Save UCI Changes have been made since your last Save Do you want to save these changes Cancel Figure 7 12 WinHSPF Save New Changes amp Run e Click Save Run to save and run the model e You can also save the model without running it by going to File gt Save or File gt Save As 62 8 Running the Model e If not already open open WinHSPF and load a saved HSPF model File gt Open e Click the Run
35. model outputs are converted into appropriate units is also included 11 1 Hydrological Calibration Hydrological calibration is performed by comparing the model output data against observed flow data at the same locations in the catchment if the data is available Calibration methods can target overall agreement agreement at high or low flow and response to specific storm events This calibration targets may be determined by the purpose of the model or where the model results appear weakest Checks can be made visually to the hydrograph of the modelled flow plotted against the observed flow Statistical analysis should also be made to the two sets of data Visual checks and checks against volumes should be made at annual seasonal month and storm event time periods Detailed information on the calibration process is provided by the BASINS Tutorials and Training documentation in particular Exercise 6 WinHSPF Hydrology Calibration and Lecture 15 Watershed Model Calibration and Validation Links to these are provided in Appendix H Changes made to the model parameters can have different influences on the model outputs Some may raise the base level flow while others can storm response and affect peak flows The manual process is iterative with each change made to a parameter having the new output analysed to assess the difference it makes Descriptions of the different hydrological parameters are provided in Technical Note 6 Estimating Hydrolog
36. modified for a workaround to overcome a character length restriction in their data entry The model output values must be converted back to be able to compare them against observed data e Conversion to cfu 100ml from cfu litre x 10 o Multiply cfu litre x 10 values by 10 to get cfu 100ml 72 12 Model Changes for Scenario Modelling This provides some suggestions as to how scenario modelling could be implemented using the HPSF model which input files would require changing and how the original model would be affected Considerations have been made for both future management and climate scenarios 12 1 Management Scenarios Management scenario changes could be reflected in the HSPF model be modifications to the BIT spreadsheet FIO accumulation values changes to the urban point source FIO contributions and amending the land use areas or configuration within the model sub catchments 12 1 1 BIT spreadsheet changes Exploring possible future management scenarios with HSPF will likely be achieved by making changes to the BIT spreadsheet and the resulting FIO accumulation values Changes could be made to individual worksheets This may be as changes to animal numbers changes to manure application in terms of trends amount and associated FIO concentrations changes to grazing practices and changes to the access to streams for cattle This method would allow for direct and tangible real world changes to be explored Inform
37. program expects the remaining files to be located in the same directory 29 5 Create HSPF Model Part 1 Hydrological The WinHSPF software has been used to create the HSPF model It does this by constructing a uci User Control Input file See Appendix G from the model configuration and parameters that are selected WinHSPF streamlines and standardises the creation of the uci file and also provides a GUI with which to make changes to the model configuration and parameters It is also possible to make changes directly to the uci file but in general using WinHSPF reduces the possibility of errors and allows for a consistent method to be adopted The GUI provided by WinHSPF also allows for some visual inspection as you configure the model The following steps take you through the process of creating a new hydrological HSPF model using WinHSPF This model can then be run to obtain outputs for flow and can be edited subsequently to change hydrological parameters as well as add the water quality component to the model and simulate Faecal Coliform 5 1 Create HSPF Project e Open WinHSPF from windows start menu e Create a new project o File gt Create e Choose BASINS Watershed File o Click Select o Navigate to and open a saved HSPF input wsd file o Click Open e Choose Met WDM File o Click Select o Navigate to and open Met wdm file o Click Open e Create output Project WDM File o Click Select o Navigate to the desired output director
38. ranges which can make this a useful way of learning about the model parameters e Have WinHSPF open with a model loaded e To access the HSPF model parameters go to Edit gt OPN Sequence w Edit Opn Sequence Block WJicleg Indelt ee Operations Name Number a PERLND 101 PERLND 103 PERLND 106 PERLND 107 IMPLND 101 PERLND 301 PERLND 303 PERLND 304 PERLND 306 Cancel Help Add Remove Edit Figure 5 8 Edit Opn Sequence Block Window 36 e In the Edit Opn Sequence Block window that opens figure 5 8 select the required Operation and click Edit e The Edit Operation window for the selected Operation is opened figure 5 9 This lists the parameter and configuration tables in use both required and optional as well as additional optional tables that are not in use Edit Operation PERLND 101 Arable amp horticultur BAX Tables Table Status 326 Possible 9 required tables present PRINT INFO BINARY INFO PWAT PARM1 PWAT PARM3 PWAT STATE1 MON INTERCEP QUAL PROPS 1 MON LZETPARM Active Sections M ART SNOW Jv PWAT V SED f PST f PWG M PQAL f MSTL PEST NITR f PHOS TRAC Figure 5 9 Edit Operation Window PERLND 101 e To open a parameter table select one from the required or optional tables present lists and click Edit e Note Hydrological parameters are stored in PWAT tables for pervious PERLND operations and IWAT tables for impervious IMPLND operations Edit
39. their input length does not exceed the number of characters and a lower value is erroneously stored In the Edit PERLND MON ACCUM window select all of the OpNum values by clicking in the first cell and dragging down Copy the selection by pressing Ctrl C In the Bit Tool spreadsheet on the MON ACCUM worksheet scroll right until you find the yellow highlighted OpNum column column AN Click in the first cell below the header cell AN2 and paste the copied OpNum values The monthly accumulation data is now ordered according to the pasted OoNum list Select the Monthly Accumulation values which have a corresponding OoNum entries beyond the list of pasted OpNum should be ignored so you cannot simply copy the entire columns Copy the selected values from the BIT spreadsheet 56 o In the Edit PERLND MON ACCUM window in WinHSPF click in the first cell for QUAJAN at the top of the data input table Take care not to re order the table by clicking on the column headers o Right click and select Paste or press Ctrl V to paste the MON ACCUM values from the BIT spreadsheet into the Edit PERLND MON ACCUM window o Visually check that values have copied across correctly for the full range of OpNum values and months you will need to scroll the input table to check this o Your completed table in the Edit PERLND MON ACCUM window should look similar to figure 7 6 Edit PERLND MON ACCUM BAX MV Show Description Occurrence 4 F COLIFORT
40. 00 11000 0 5 10024 5 00000 30 00000 0 05 0 03480 Trapezoidal 0 5 0 5 30 000 1 1 30 000 0 5 0 5 6 2500 9 3750 312 500 110000 6 7 85 Appendix E rch File Example The rch file stores Reach information It is a text file saved as XX rch where XX is the filename Note all HSPF input files must have the same filename and be stored in the same directory when creating an HSPF model in WinHSPF The example file below is for 7 sub catchments within the model The header row stored on one line it is word wrapped here is comma delimited with all header text qualified with speech marks The data entries are space delimited speech marks are required to surround the entry of data in the Phame column The data for each sub catchment is entered on a new row The number of decimal places varies with column the formatting was matched to the outputs produced by BASINS for consistency and compatibility Rivrch Pname Watershed ID HeadwaterFlag Exits Milept Stream Resevoir Type Seg1l Delth Elev Ulcsm Urcsm Dscsm Ccsm Mnflow Mnvelo Svtnflow Svtnvelo Pslope Pdepth Pwidth Pmile Ptemo Pph Pki Pk2 Pk3 Pmann Psod Pbgdo Pobgnh3 Pbgbod5 Pbgbod Level ModelSeg UAR 3u wou wan wou we wou UNDO BN WE 1 UH OB N W Ov OF E AE e DE aD UE FF T rrerrrr 0 OO O S NANnNNnNnNNN NOrFRFOrFROO 70 85 lt 85 08 90 9
41. 0021000 702 1 e 61 e 61 e 61 e 61 e 61 e 61 e 61 e 61 e 61 e 61 e 61 e 6 703 450004700065000550001 3e5590001 3e5580001 4e5450004500045000 705 1 e 61 e 61 e 61 e 61 e 61 e 61 e 61 e 61 e 61 e 61 e 61 e 6 706 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 707 1 e 61 e 61 e 61 e 61 e 61 e 61 e 61 e 61 e 61 e 61 e 61 e 6 END MON SQOLIM MON IFLW CONC k lt PLS gt Conc of QUAL in interflow outflow for each month qty ft3 xxx x x JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC 101 7031 0E41 0E41 0E41 0H41 0H41 0E41 0EH41 0E41 0E41 0E41 0E41 0E4 705 0 2E30 2E30 2E30 2E30 2E30 2E30 2E30 2E30 2E30 2E30 2E30 2E3 706 7071 0E41 0E41 0E41 0E41 0H41 0H41 0E41 0H41 0E41 0E41 0E41 0E4 END MON IFLW CONC MON GRND CONC k lt PLS gt Value at start of month for conc of QUAL in groundwater qty ft3 xxx x x JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC 101 7039 8E49 8E49 8E49 8E49 8H49 8E49 8EH49 8H49 8E49 8E49 8E49 8E4 705 1 0E21 0E21 0E21 0E21 0H21 0E21 0E21 0H21 0E21 0E21 0E21 0E2 706 7079 8E49 8E49 8E49 8E49 8E49 8E49 8E49 8H49 8E49 8E49 8E49 8E4 END MON GRND CONC END PERLND IMPLND ACTIVITY 93 kk lt TLS gt Active Sections xxx x xXx ATMP SNOW IWAT SLD IWG IQAL 101 701 0 0 1 1 0 1 END ACTIVITY PRINT INFO SAK LEG O AFERA PINEAL LAGS SAAMAA AS IPTV PYR EEK x x ATMP SNOW IWAT SLD IWG IQAL xx 101 701 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 9 END PRINT INFO BINARY INFO xxx lt ILS gt Binary Output flags PIVE PYR xxx x Xx ATMP
42. 750 Max depth 312 500 No of exits 1 Fraction of flow through exit 1 1 Fraction of flow through exit 2 0 Fraction of flow through exit 3 0 Fraction of flow through exit 4 0 Fraction of flow through exit 5 0 Table 4 1 Fields and Values Required for the Creation of the HSPF ptf Input File e rch File Reach The rch file contains the fields listed in table 4 2 Values taken from the GIS processing of the DrainageLine shapefile are shown in square brackets other values are default values shown in the appropriate format Speech marks are required either side of the value provided in the Pname field regardless of if the value is numeric or text An example of the rch file and additional description is provided in Appendix E 27 Field Value Rivrch Sub catchment ID Pname Sub catchment ID Watershed ID Sub catchment ID HeadwaterFlag Exits Milept Stream Resevoir Type 5 Segl Reach length miles Delth Delth Elev Reach Average Elevation Ulcsm 0 Urcsm 0 Dscsm Downstream subcatchment ID Ccsm 0 Mnflow Mnvelo Svtnflow Svtnvelo ojojojo Pslope Reach Average slope Pdepth 5 0000 Pwidth 30 000 Pmile Ptemp Pph Pk1 Pk2 Pk3 Pmann Psod Pbgdo Pbgnh3 Pbgbod5 Pbgbod Level ojJjolojojlojojlojojlojojojojo
43. 9 405 10 50 41 0040000 0 0 012494 5 0000 30 000 00000000000001 9 19 460040000 0 0 008445 5 0000 30 0000000000000000 1 36 09 52005000 0 0 0 023272 5 0000 30 0000000000000000 1 8 53 38 005000 0 0 0 034140 5 0000 30 000 00000000000001 34 12 28 008 000 0 0 0 034800 5 0000 30 000 00000000000001 6 23 13 0080000 0 0 009055 5 0000 30 000 00000000000001 26 25 10 00 1000 0 0 0 122214 5 0000 30 000 0 0000000000001 86 Appendix F wsd File Example The wsd file is the Watershed information It is a text file saved as XX wsd where XX is the filename Note all HSPF input files must have the same filename and be stored in the same directory when creating an HSPF model in WinHSPF The example file below is for 7 sub catchments within the model Each sub catchment has a separate entry for each land use type within the sub catchment Built up areas are duplicated with an impervious entry and a pervious entry the combined area of both Built up area entries for each sub catchment equals the total Built up area within the sub catchment The division of impervious and pervious Built up area used here is equal 50 allocated to each The header is comma delimited with all header text qualified with speech marks The data entries are space delimited 5 spaces are used in this file speech marks are required to surround the entry of data in the LU Name column The data for each land use area and type pervious impervious within each sub catchmen
44. Attempting to make a change such as that without recreating the model would likely cause further complications and break the HSPF model It might be possible to set land uses you wish to delete to 0 in the uci file but that is again untested and may remain problematic 12 2 Climate Scenarios Future climate change scenarios would be reflected in the HSPF model by modifying the met data that is input into the model and drives the hydrological component of HSPF The met time series data would either be replaced by newly generated time series or the existing time series data could be modified if simple mathematical changes are acceptable 12 2 1 Generating New Met Data The generation of new met data would require the use of an additional resource to provide the met data Potential options that have been preliminarily explored are e Future Flows CEH e Weather Generator DEFRA e Hyetos Links for further information on the above are provided in the Climate Change Met Data Generation section of Appendix H 74 Any newly generated time series data for precipitation and or evapotranspiration would need preparing and importing into a new wdm file using the same steps as detailed in sections 3 3 and 3 5 A copy of the current model could be taken and the repointed to a new met wdm file This would be achieved by modifying the uci file and changing the location of the WDM2 file in the uci File section see Appendix G Hopefully the copi
45. C psr File Example Appendix D ptf File Example Appendix E rch File Example Appendix F wsd File Example Appendix G uci File Example Appendix H Additional Resources 53 55 59 60 63 64 64 64 64 65 65 66 66 67 70 70 70 70 71 71 7 72 73 73 73 73 74 74 14 75 T7 a 80 84 85 86 87 89 101 1 Introduction This document serves as a technical guide for the processing of data model operation and exporting of results from the Hydrological Simulation Program Fortran HSPF model which has been used in WP2 diffuse rural modelling of the Cloud To Coast project The document has been written in process order and details the steps required to prepare and operate the model in the required sequence for a user starting the process from scratch These steps detail the data and software required for the modelling process the preparation of the data for use in the HSPF model the creation and configuration of the HSPF model running the model and outputting model results Additional resources are also signposted and included in Appendix H which provide further information and detail If pre prepared models are being used the initial steps will explain their construction Potential modifications and alterations to the model for example in exploring management or climate change scenarios are possible using the existing models and steps to accomplish this are detailed in lat
46. CLOUD T COAST DADAAANLALDY Rural HSPF modelling Technical Guide Dr Andrew Phillips Catchment Science Centre University of Sheffield The Catchment Science Centre Contents 2 1 2 2 3 1 3 2 3 2 1 3 2 2 3 3 3 3 1 3 3 2 3 4 3 5 3 5 1 3 5 2 3 6 4 1 4 2 4 2 1 4 2 2 5 1 5 2 5 3 5 4 5 5 5 5 1 5 5 2 5 5 3 5 6 6 1 6 1 1 6 1 2 6 1 3 6 1 4 6 1 5 6 2 6 2 1 71 0 2 Introduction Data and Software Requirements Data required Software required Preliminary Model Data Preparation Model catchment s Model sub catchment delineation Topography Basins method Arc Hydro Tools Method Manual Met data Part 1 Precipitation Potential Evapotranspiration Land Use Part 1 Met data Part 2 Import data into WDM file precipitation and evapotranspiration Potential Evapotranspiration Land Use Part 2 Model Input File Creation Basins method Arc Hydro Tools Method Manual GIS processing HSPF Input File Formatting Create HSPF Model Part 1 Hydrological Create HSPF Project Define Initial Met Segment WinHSPF GUI Set Model Simulation Time and Met Segments Change Hydrological Parameters HSPF Hydrological Parameters Editing Parameters within WinHSPF Editing Parameters Directly in the uci File Add Model Flow Output FIO Bacteria Indicator Tool Sub catchments Land Use Animal numbers agcensus Manure Application Practices Conversion of accumulation valu
47. CT NOV DEC 101 250002700067000210001 5e5210001 5e5200001 5e5250002500025000 103 440004600068000600001 5e5600001 4e5590001 5e5440004500044000 106 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 107 1 e 61 e 61 e 61 e 61 e 61 e 61 e 61 e 61 e 61 e 61 e 61 e 6 201 290003200077000250001 7e5250001 7e5240001 7e5290003000029000 203 580006100087000780001 9e5800001 8e5790001 9e5580005900058000 204 1 e 61 e 61 e 61 e 61 e 61 e 61 e 61 e 61 e 61 e 61 e 61 e 6 206 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 207 1 e 61 e 61 e 61 e 61 e 61 e 61 e 61 e 61 e 61 e 61 e 61 e 6 301 240002700066000210001 4e5210001 4e5200001 5e5240002500024000 303 500005300074000670001 6e5690001 5e5680001 6e5500005100050000 304 1 e 61 e 61 e 61 e 61 e 61 e 61 e 61 e 61 e 61 e 61 e 61 e 6 306 10 10 10 10 1 0 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 307 1 e 61 e 61 e 61 e 61 e 61 e 61 e 61 e 61 e 61 e 61 e 61 e 6 403 39000410006000026000 1 e 533000 1 5320001 1 e5390003900039000 501 23000250008600020000 2 e520000 2 e519000 2 e5230002300023000 503 410004300063000500001 3e5520001 3e5510001 4e5410004100041000 507 1 e 61 e 61 e 61 e 61 e 61 e 61 e 61 e 61 e 61 e 61 e 61 e 6 601 260002900085000220001 9e5220001 9e522000 2 e5260002700026000 603 490005100075000630001 6e5640001 5e5640001 6e5490004900049000 604 1 e 61 e 61 e 61 e 61 e 61 e 61 e 61 e 61 e 61 e 61 e 61 e 6 606 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 607 1 e 61 e 61 e 61 e 61 e 61 e 61 e 61 e 61 e 61 e 61 e 61 e 6 701 210002300064000180001 4e5180001 4e5170001 5e521000210
48. DM2 5 PREC WDM2 51 PEVT WDM1 Ao EEO WDM1 2 FCO WDM1 3 F CO WDM1 4 F CO END EXT SOURCES HEMATIC Volume gt Name gt x ERLND 101 MPLND 101 ERLND 103 ERLND 106 ERLND 107 ERLND 301 MPLND 301 ERLND 303 ERLND 304 ERLND 306 ERLND 307 ERLND 201 MPLND 201 PERLND 203 PERLND 204 PERLND 206 14 96 841 78 19 63 1240 22 37291 1846 49 56 56 3506 46 7459 173251907 25 25858 17081494 KK volume outflowl 0 0 2 54 65 34 30 99 3093 33 40 68 4557 53 77 73 6785 41 117 2 12885 41 15454 93 11949981 53576 11 62770404 lt Name gt x x 98 lt shb gt x xX SsysSgap lt Mult gt Tran lt Target vols gt lt Grp gt lt Member gt tem strg lt factor gt strg lt Name gt x X ENGL SAME PERLND 101 707 EXTNL PREC ENGL SAME PERLND 101 707 EXTNL PETINP ENGL SAME IMPLND 101 701 EXTNL PRE ENGL SAME IMPLND 101 701 EXTNL ETINP ENGL SAME RCHRES 1 7 EXTNL PRE ENGL SAME RCHRES I 7 EXTNL POTEV ENGL SAME RCHRES 5 INFLOW IDQAL 1 ENGL SAME RCHRES 2 INFLOW IDQAL 1 ENGL SAME RCHRES 6 INFLOW IDQAL 1 ENGL SAME RCHRES 7 INFLOW IDQAL 1 lt Area gt lt Volume gt lt ML gt lt factor gt lt Name gt x RER 181 RCHRES 1 2 546 RCHRES 1 1 407 8 RCHRES 1 2 0 4 RCHRES 1 2 536 RCHRES 1 2 268 8 RCHRES 3 2 11 4 RCHRES 3 1 414 1
49. ES 23 CHIPPING RCHRES 16 FOOTHOLM FRCHRES 7 By STOCKS A RCHRES 6 FOOTHOLM RCHRES 19 l Cancel Figure 5 6 WinHSPF Simulation Time and Meteorological Data with Completed Met e Click OK Segments e Click the MET Segs tab on the left of the programme window to get a visual overview of the Met Segments This is useful to check that you have entered all of the Met Segments in correctly e See figure 5 7 for an example view MET Segs tab highlighted with red box a WEE WB Hydrological Simulation Program Fortran HSPF 01 File Edit Functions Help NH N Pb Da eli 1 FOOTHOLM 2 CHIPPING 3 STOCKS R Point Sources Met Segs fLand Surface Data Type a RCHRES 2 2 RCHRES 4 2 RCHRES 10 3 RCHRES 12 4 4 RCHRES 19 RCHRES 8 4 RCHRES 18 RCHRES 22 RCHRES 24 Source RCHRES 5 RCHRES 7 4 RCHRES 17 2 RCHRES 23 2 RCHRES 1 2 2 RCHRES 15 RCHRES 16 a RCHRES 14 2 2 RCHRES 25 RCHRES 27 2 2 RCHRES 28 RCHRES 26 2 RCHRES 29 P I MFact R MFact Tran anx Precip Air Temp Dew Point WDMZ 11 py 1 SAME Figure 5 7 WinHSPF Met Segments Visual Overview 35 5 5 Change Hydrological Parameters Hydrological parameters can be adjusted to replicate observed or estimated values of the conditions present in the mode catchments They will also be adjusted during the calibration process The hydrological
50. Format r Line Ending F Skip C Fixed Width CR LF or CR C LF None Tab Delimited C Starts With C C Lines 1 Column Number P a a fe a e 64 104 1998 1 1 0 0 64 104 1998 1 1 1 0 64 104 1998 1 1 2 0 64 104 1998 1 1 3 0 64 104 1998 1 1 4 0 64 104 1998 1 1 5 0 64 104 1998 1 1 6 0 64 104 1998 1 1 7 0 64 104 1998 1 1 8 0 64 104 1998 1 1 9 0 64 104 1998 1 1 10 0 BA IMA 1999 1 1 11 n Read Data Save Script Cancel ited C ASCII Char C Line Lengthjso f Figure 6 5 WDMUtil Import Script Creation amp Script Creation Wizard Wc File Properties Data Mapping Name Attribute Input Column Constant Skip Values Value Year Month Day Hour Minute Scenario Location Constituent Description Repeating Repeats Column Number no no yes yes yes yes no no 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 j4 5 E a 64 104 1998 1 1 0 0 64 104 1998 1 1 1 0 64 104 1998 1 1 2 0 64 104 1998 1 1 3 0 64 104 1998 1 1 4 0 64 104 1998 1 1 5 0 64 104 1998 1 1 6 0 64 104 1998 1 1 7 0 Read Data Save Script Cancel Figure 6 6 WDMUtil Import Script Creation Data Mapping 50 Click the Data Mapping Tab Enter the values in the input column as shown in figure 6 6 Click Read Data Double click on new time series entry to open the Edit Time Series Attributes window and allow editing of the attributes e Add the attribute
51. HSPF button e WinHSPF asks if you wish to save new changes to the model see below Confirm Save UCI Changes have been made since your last Save Do you want to save these changes Figure 8 1 WinHSPF Run HSPF e Click Save Run to save and run the model 63 9 Common Model Errors The section is intended to indicate some of the common model errors and issues that have been experienced when running the HSPF model The HSPF model provides error reporting which does offer useful suggestions as to the faults particularly in identifying the reach of model segment which is problematic Other common errors are listed below 9 1 Issues with input Met data This can be as a result of erroneous missing or incorrectly formatted data Unusually high precipitation events can indicate an issue with the rain gauge station equipment if errors such as this are left unchecked they can percolate through the rest of the model It is important to check unusual outputs and link compare them back to the met data especially precipitation this may reveal a previously unidentified issue 9 2 Data conversion An issue with both Met data and model output data is that of conversion It is important to be vigilant with the conversion of met data from metric to imperial for model processing and again when converting model output data from imperial to metric Observed flow data that is used for calibration will also need to be p
52. LND MON SQOLIM window to find all land uses present In the Bit Tool spreadsheet on the MON SQOLIM worksheet scroll right until you find the yellow highlighted Conversion cell cell V2 This value should be defaulted to 1000000 10 Reason There is a coded length limit in the input of limiting storage MON SQOLIM values into HSPF For this reason the values are divided by 10 to ensure their input length does not exceed the number of characters and a lower value is erroneously stored In the Edit PERLND MON SQOLIM window select all of the OpNum values by clicking in the first cell and dragging down Copy the selection by pressing Ctrl C Note OpNum values will be the same as those used for MON ACCUM for the same model so these can be reused In the Bit Tool spreadsheet on the MON SQOLIM worksheet scroll right until you find the yellow highlighted OpNum column column AN Click in the first cell below the header cell AN2 and paste the copied OpNum values The limiting storage data is now ordered according to the pasted OpNum list Select the limiting storage values which have a corresponding OpNum entries beyond the list of pasted OpNum should be ignored so you cannot simply copy the entire columns Copy the selected values from the BIT spreadsheet In the Edit PERLND MON SQOLIM window in WinHSPF click in the first cell for QUAJAN at the top of the data input table Take care not to re order the table by clicking on the colum
53. Met station in the list provided figure 4 4 Note some wdm files will not load and display the correct Met Stations in BASINS It is acceptable to use a proxy MET station that works correctly and then substitute the correct Met data wdm file when the model is being created in WinHSPF 22 BASINS HSPF BAX General Land Use Streams Subbasins Point Sources Met Stations Met WDM File CAC2C Uiban_Rural Darwen DARWEN_MET wdm DARWEN C C2C Urban_Rural PREC_06_10 csv 2005 12 31 2010 12 31 Full Set Available Status Update specifications if desired then click OK to proceed Figure 4 4 BASINS Create HSPF Model Met Stations e Click OK e The BASINS software will then create the HSPF input files and attempt to launch WinHSPF directly This later stage is likely to produce error warnings and eventually crash The required HSPF input files will have been created successfully though e Input files needed Cpsr ptf rch and wsd will have been created in a folder called modelout in the basins directory Basins or BASINS41 These files should be copied for use in creating the HSPF model e The uci file and other files in the model out directory can be ignored 4 2 Arc Hydro Tools Method Manual The processing of the WinHSPF input files Appendices A D following the manual sub catchment delineation using ArcMap and Arc Hydro Tools requires some additional processing in GIS
54. PERLND PWAT PARM2 V Show Description OpNum D escription FOREST r pan INFILT LSUR SLSUR man AGWRC 101 Arable amp horticultur 0 16 350 0 023937 0 98 Table PWAT PARMZ Second group of PWATER Parameters Parameter AGWRC is the basic groundwater recession rate if KVARY is zero and there is no inflow to groundwater rate of flow today rate yesterday lt PLS gt FOREST LZSN INFILT LSUR SLSUR KVARY AGUWURC Cancel Apply Help Figure 5 10 Edit PERLND PWAT PARM2 Window e Figure 5 10 shows an example of an Edit PERLND PWAT PARM2 window which opens when choosing to edit a PWAT PARM2 table from the Edit Operation window e Parameter values can be changed by clicking in the table and editing the entries 37 Clicking on each header or entry will also provide a description of the parameter in the text box below To save any parameter changes made to the Edit PERLND PWAT PARM2 window click Apply or OK Repeat the steps to make edits to parameters in any other tables and for any other model operations required 5 5 3 Editing Parameters Directly in the uci File If multiple parameter changes are required which will need to be performed in several parameter tables and for different model operations then it is more efficient to make the changes direct to the uci file Care needs to be taken to maintain the formatting of the uci file when editing parameter values The HSPF model relies on the formatting to be able to
55. PL END EXT TARGETS MASS LINK MASS LINK 2 lt Volume gt lt Grp gt lt Member gt lt Mult gt lt Target vols gt lt Grp gt lt Member gt lt Name gt lt Name gt x x lt factor gt lt Name gt lt Name gt x x PERLND PWATER PERO 0 0833333 RCHRES INFLOW IVOL PERLND PWTGAS PODOXM RCHRES INFLOW OXIF 1 PERLND PWTGAS POHT RCHRES INFLOW IHEAT 1 PERLND PEST SOSDPS 1 RCHRES INFLOW ISQAL 11 PERLND PEST SOSDPS 1 RCHRES INFLOW ISQAL 2 1 PERLND PEST SOSDPS 1 RCHRES INFLOW ISQAL 3 1 PERLND SEDMNT SOSED 1 0 05 RCHRES INFLOW ISED 1 PERLND SEDMNT SOSED 1 0 55 RCHRES INFLOW ISED 2 PERLND SEDMNT SOSED 1 0 4 RCHRES INFLOW ISED 3 PERLND PQUAL POQUAL 1 RCHRES INFLOW IDQAL 1 END MASS LINK 2 MASS LINK 1 lt Volume gt lt Grp gt lt Member gt lt Mult gt lt Target vols gt lt Grp gt lt Member gt lt Name gt lt Name gt x x lt factor gt lt Name gt lt Name gt x x IMPLND IWATER SURO 0 0833333 RCHRES INFLOW IVOL IMPLND IWTGAS SODOXM RCHRES INFLOW OXIF 1 IMPLND IWTGAS SOHT RCHRES INFLOW IHEAT 1 IMPLND SOLIDS SOSLD 1 0 05 RCHRES INFLOW ISED 1 IMPLND SOLIDS SOSLD 1 0 55 RCHRES INFLOW ISED 2 IMPLND SOLIDS SOSLD 1 0 4 RCHRES INFLOW ISED 3 99 IMPLND IQUAL SOQUAL 1 RCHRES INFLOW IDQAL 1 END MASS LINK 1 MASS LINK 3 lt Volume gt lt Grp gt lt Member gt lt Mult gt lt Target vols gt lt Grp gt lt Member gt lt Name gt lt Name gt x x lt fac
56. also allows the data to be exported so that it can be used in spreadsheet and other software for further analysis 10 1 Viewing Model Results e Fora model that has just been run or has been run previously and saved click the View Output through GenScn button in WinHSPF e The GenScn window opens and provides lists of model Locations Scenarios and Constituents Figure 10 1 e Inthe Constituents list select DQAL1 and FLOW so they are highlighted in grey e Inthe Time Series section click the add to Time series List button e Time series data of the FLOW and DQAL1 constituents are added to the list S GenScen 27 Jeg File Analysis Map Locations Scenarios Constituents Time Series Dates Help Locations Scenarios Constituents 0of29 All None Oof4 All None 2of5 All None BILLINGE All Location All Location HEGRE TH Time Series 3 of 31 LONGRIDG H s 1414 se male 7 al AIL Nore LOWER PI Type File DSN Scenario Location Constituent Start SJDay End EJI MOOR PAR WDM 27 101 27 RCH1 FLOW 2003 1 1 52640 2012 12 30 56 MORECS9S1 WDM 27 1001 27 RCH1 FLOW 2003 1 1 52640 2012 12 30 56 r eal WDM 27 1002 27 RCH1 DQAL1 2003 1 1 52640 2012 12 30 56 RCH2 SQUIRES STAINFOR 4 gt STOCKS R TRAWDEN Dates UPHOLLAN Start H End p Uni WORTHING meee os Current fanz 1 7 to j2012 12 30 Common 2003 1 1 to 2012 1230 Native x Analysis ED NiE Figure 10 1 GenSen Window
57. apefile from Arc Hydro Tools processing in Section 3 2 2 o Use the Clip Tool to clip the HSPF land use to the sub catchment area e This output can now be used in BASINS section 4 1 but will require some additional processing for the manual Arc Hydro Tools method section 4 2 20 4 Model Input File Creation The HSPF model can be created using a combination of four files a Point Sources file psr a Channel Geometry file ptf a Reach file rch and a Watershed file wsd Appendices C F They files describe the character of the sub catchments a representative channel that flows through each sub catchment and the land use composition within each sub catchments BASINS will automatically create the necessary input files Sub catchments which were delineating manually using Arc Hydro Tools require additionally processing in order to create these input files The steps below outline the process required for both methods 4 1 Basins method e If not already open open the saved BASINS project from section 3 2 1 e Use the Add data button see figure 4 1 to add the relevant clipped catchment HSPF Land Use data from Section 3 6 File Tiles TORENTI Legend L Models UNRI n mn Figure 4 1 BASINS Add Data Button Save the BASINS project Go to Models gt HSPF Select Other Shapefile for Land Use Type Check the remaining details as the same as in figure 4 2 BASINS
58. ation and the HSPF land use categories Save the lookup table as a table an Excel workbook is suitable In ArcMap load the lookup table Join the lookup table to the converted LCM2007 shapefile using the GridCode values Save the joined output allowing you to reclassify LCM2007 land use categories into HSPF land use categories Merge polygons based on HSPF land use category and save output 14 GridCode LCM2007Class HSPFLandUse 0 Unclassified Unclassified 1 Broadleaved mixed and yew Woodland woodland 2 Coniferous woodland Woodland 3 Arable and horticulture Arable amp horticultural 4 Improved grassland Grassland 5 Rough grassland Grassland 6 Neutral grassland Grassland 7 Calcareous grassland Grassland 8 Acid grassland Grassland 9 Fen marsh and swamp Mountain heath bog 10 Heather Mountain heath bog Ti Heather grassland Mountain heath bog 12 Bog Mountain heath bog 13 Montane habitats Mountain heath bog 14 Inland rock Mountain heath bog 15 Saltwater Coast Sea 16 Freshwater Water 17 Supra littoral rock Coast Sea 18 Supra littoral sediment Coast Sea 19 Littoral rock Coast Sea 20 Littoral sediment Coast Sea 21 Saltmarsh Coast Sea 22 Urban Built up areas 23 Suburban Built up areas 15 Table 3 1 Land use Lookup LCM2007 land use categories to HSPF land use categories 3 5 Met data Pa
59. ation on the BIT spreadsheet can be found in section 6 1 An alternate would be to apply a proportional reduction or increase to the final MON ACCUM values for each land use and sub catchment A change to the MON ACCUM values should also be reflected in the MON SQOLIM values A simple method to achieve a change would be to amend the conversion value found in the BIT spreadsheet MON ACCUM and MON SQOLIM worksheets see section 7 4 This value is used to reduce the size of the accumulation values but in theory could also be used to modify the value as well 12 1 2 Urban Point Source Changes Changes to FIO contributions in urban areas would need to be reflected in the point source files provided by InfoWorks section 6 2 If the data is modified as a result of new InfoWorks model runs then new output csv time series files would need to be created and input into the HSPF wdm project file These could be in place alongside the current condition point sources time series and identified using a different range of DSN numbers as well as a modified description In WinHSPF the a new set of point sources should be shown in the available list which could then be added and set to being in use while the current condition point sources are removed see section 7 5 It may be more practical to take of copy of an existing model and replace the point source time series data in the copied wdm file If simple mathematical modifications are to be performed on t
60. ation values After consultation with the U S EPA BASINS community See section 9 5 a workaround was employed to resolve this issue The workaround entails that accumulation MON ACCUM and limiting storage MON SQOLIM values are divided by 10 to ensure that their input length does not exceed the characters length restriction in the HSPF code Additional worksheets have been added to the BIT spreadsheets the worksheets are called MON ACCUM and MON SQOLIM which 48 perform this conversion and also correctly format the MON ACCUM and MON SQOLIM values for easier entry into the WinHSPF see section 7 4 Once the model has been run any FIO output must be multiplied by 10 to restore the original values In practice the model output data has been multiplied by 10 as HSPF outputs FIO Faecal Coliform water quality components as cfu litre instead of the more widely used cfu 100mI If this step is not performed model data will be several orders of magnitude out from any observed data A final additional worksheet which has been added to the original BIT spreadsheet is Monthly HSPF input amp check This worksheet was used in the investigation of why the model was not working before the character length restriction issue was found It checks that the MON SQOLIM are greater than the MON ACCUM values It is redundant in use now but left for reference 6 2 Point Sources Point source information for urban areas is provided by Will Shepherd
61. ave the ArcMap document a mxd file Arc Hydro Tools will save output files in the same directory as the mxd file e Create a reconditioned DEM by burning in the channel outline from the Rivers file o Click Terrain Preprocessing on the Arc Hydro Tools Toolbar o In the menu that drops down go to DEM Manipulation gt DEM Reconditioning figure 3 4 Arc Hydro Tools Terrain Preprocessing Terrain Morphology Watershed Processing Attribute Tools Network Tools ApuUtilities iif ez Data Management Terrain Preprocessing DEM Manipulation gt Data Management DEM Manipulation Flow Direction Create Drainage Line Structures Adjust Flow Direction in Sinks Create Sink Structures Adjust Flow Direction in Streams Level DEM Adjust Flow Direction in Lakes DEM Reconditioning Flow Accumulation Assign Stream Slope A Stream Definition Burn Stream Slope DEM Reconditioning AGREE Stream Segmentation e Impose drainage pattern in a DEM Build Walls using AGREE method Combine Stream Link and Sink Link z Sink Prescreening Catchment Grid Delineation Sink Evaluation Catchment Polygon Processing Depression Evaluation Drainage Line Processing Sink Selection Adjoint Catchment Processing Fill Sinks Drainage Point Processing Longest Flow Path For Catchments Longest Flow Path For Adjoint Catchments Accumulate Shapes Slope Figure 3 4 Arc Hydro Tools Toolbar
62. be recorded The processing steps outlined in this section can be undertaken using MS Excel 3 3 1 Precipitation e Conversion to inches from m s Reason Model is run using imperial units o Multiply mm by 0 0393700787 to get inches e Fill in missing data Reason To create a complete time series of precipitation data ll o Gauge data checked for number of missing error values Comments can record why data is missing o If count of missing cells is over 100 they are substituted with data from the closest neighbouring rain gauge o Gauge data rechecked for missing error values o If count of missing cells remains over 100 they are substituted with data from the second closest neighbouring rain gauge o Process is repeated until count of missing cells is less than 100 or if neighbouring stations become too far away to be broadly comparable o Any remaining cells are assigned a value of 0 following an inspection to check that appears sensible within the time series o Cleaned interpolated rainfall series is saved as a new file e Convert 15 min data into hourly Reason Model will run in hourly time steps All input data will need to be in the same time units If they differ the model will not run correctly o Calculate the sum of 4 15 minute precipitation cells so that the precipitation at XX 00 the sum of the precipitation at that time and the 3 values prior to it Figure 3 14 demonstrates an example of this Time
63. bog 2 3 35 6 0 032704 bog 2 6 0 4 0 017593 7 12 0 0 016834 0 0000 1 0 4 0 023937 0 0000 2 46 5 0 029466 0 0000 3 34 5 0 032704 0 0000 6 38 1 0 017593 0 0000 7 7 6 0 016834 0 0000 2 1 56 0 023937 0 0 2 2 281 4 0 029466 0 2 3 11 4 0 032704 0 2 5 86 2 0 025124 0 2 6 65 8 0 017593 0 2 7 64 5 0 016834 0 0 0000 0 0000 0 0000 000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 88 Appendix G uci File Example The uci file is the User Control Input file which contains all parameters and instructions needed to run the HSPF model The text file is tightly formatted and arranged in a preordained order which is readable by the HSPF model software The file is created by WinHSPF from the model input files that are either created by BASINS or manually using the Arc Hydro method Changes to parameters and model configuration made in WinHSPF will be recorded and stored in the uci file It is also possible and sometimes simpler to edit the uci file directly making quick parameter adjustments in a text editor saving the changes and then reading them into HSPF when the model is next opened The included uci file example is for a model of 7 sub catchments RUN GLOBAL START RESUME RUN INT END GLOBAL FILES lt FILE gt MESSU WDM1 WDM2 BINO END FILE lt UN gt lt FILE NAME 24 91 25 26 92 Zz Q Z Z 2 2 E zal
64. e Application Practices Manure applications are entered as describe in the BIT documentation and following the instructions including in the Manure Application worksheet For each different type of manure applications are based on the proportion that is applied in each month over a year and also the proportion that is assumed to be incorporated into the soil Advice was taken as to the manure application practices used within the catchments for this purpose Consideration has to be taken that depending on the type of manure these values are representative of and applied to all sub catchments which contain cropland or pastureland As a result the monthly proportions will be slightly smoothed under the assumption that while practice trends are observed in general there will be an element of temporal variation in actual manure application 6 1 5 Conversion of accumulation values The HSPF model has a restrictive character length limit for the input values of accumulation MON ACCUM values and limiting storage MON SQOLIM from the BIT spreadsheet into HSPF Values produced by the BIT spreadsheets for the C2C model catchments have sub catchments which exceed this length especially for the limiting storage values This resolved in inaccurate results as the excess character length was excluded leaving much lower values or even a failure of the model to run if the limiting storage values were falsely recorded as being lower than the equivalent accumul
65. e accessed using the Input Data Editor following the steps outlined below see also section 7 3 e Inthe Input Data Editor window that opens navigate to RCHRES gt GQUAL o Double click GQ GENDECAY o The FSTDEC column stores the first order decay rate for the FIO constituent o You can make edits to the FSTDEC values directly to the cells in the GQ GENDECAY table o The OpNum values in the GQ GENDECAY table refer to the model sub catchment numbers o You can copy a value entered in the first cell of the FSTDEC column down to all cells in the column by double clicking the column header with the text cursor still in the first row cell o The finished Edit PERLND QUAL PROPS window should look similar to figure 11 1 o Click OK to save changes e Save or Save and Run the model before exiting WinHSPF 71 i Edit RCHRES GQ GENDECAY Show Description Occurrence fi F COLIFORt OpNum Description FSTDEC 1 1 0 33 0 33 0 33 0 33 0 33 0 33 0 33 Table GQ GENDECAY Parameters for general decay Parameter THFST is the temperature correction coefficient for first order decay of qual RCHRES FSTDEC THFST ae ee fday Cancel Apply Help Figure 11 1 WinHSPF Edit RCHRES GQ GENDECAY Window 11 2 3 FIO Data Conversion The HSPF model runs by default in imperial units It was decided that that should be maintained to avoid unforeseen conversion issues For FIO data model input values also have to be
66. e combined into totals for dairy and beef cattle O OONO SO VOMO The next steps are undertaken using the GIS package ArcMap e Use the coordinates in the new table of agcensus data to create a point layer 43 e Use the Create Fishnet tool to create a 2 km by 2km polygon grid which cover the C2C catchments and is based on the locations and spacing of the agcensus data points See Figure 6 1 Output Feature Class G Work_PC C2C Catchments FIO AgCensus C2C_Fishnet_2km shp Template Extent optional Fishnet Origin Coordinate X Coordinate Y Axis Coordinate X Coordinate Cell Size Width Cell Size Height Number of Rows Number of Columns Opposite corner of Fishnet optional X Coordinate _ Create Label Points optional Geometry Type optional POLYGON Figure 6 1 Completed Create Fishnet Form e Use Select by Location to select the fishnet cells that intersect with lie on top of the C2C model catchments Figure 6 2 e Export the selection of fishnet cells o Right click the fishnet layer in the ArcMap ToC go to Data gt Export Data Export selected features as a new shapefile 44 SERPS seas Em f h Bal x Figure 6 2 Selected Fishnet Cells Intersecting the C2C Model Catchments Red Points Indicate the Provided agcensus Data Locations Modify the coordinates of the agcensus subset data create new fields either in ArcGIS or Excel and calculate the coordinates so that they are equal to the
67. e different land uses within each sub catchment are required in the Land Use worksheet of the BIT spreadsheet These areas can be taken from the processing of the categorised HSPF Land Use data in the preparation of the wsd HSPF input file see section 4 2 1 42 Built up areas are not included in the BIT calculations as these are substituted with the urban point source inputs from InfoWorks which are deemed more accurate The Cropland Pastureland and Forest entries in the BIT are represented by the Arable amp horticultura Grassland and Woodland HSPF land use categories respectively The HSPF categories of Mountain heath bog Coast Sea and Water are not used as these land use types are considered to be less significant sources for the rural HSPF models 6 1 3 Animal numbers agcensus Livestock numbers and wildlife are entered into the Animals worksheet in the BIT spreadsheet Estimates for livestock numbers come from the agcensus dataset provided by EDINA This dataset converts agricultural census data collected by the government departments concerned with agricultural and rural affairs DEFRA for England The original data is collected via postal questionnaire for a stratified random sample of agricultural holdings The sample data is then imputed to provide estimates for all agricultural holdings in the UK EDINA use algorithms to convert the data from recognised geographies into 1 km grid squares The
68. ed model will open successfully and you to replace the existing met segments by adding the new ones and reassigning the connections see section 5 3 This process is untested if it fails to work or breaks the model an alternative would be to recreate the model and use the new met wdm file when creating it as in section 5 1 and 5 2 12 2 2 Modifying Existing Met Data Simple mathematical changes can be made to existing met time series data using the WDMUtil software The tool allows for calculations to be made using existing time series data or numeric values Using precipitation as an example it would be possible to multiply a value to create a new time series of proportionally increased or decreased precipitation or evapotranspiration It would also be possible to generate an additional time series of varying perhaps by month or season proportional values and using that to multiply with the existing precipitation time series This method could be used to generate for example a time series with wetter summers and drier winters based on the existing precipitation time series data The steps to access this functionality in the WDMUtil software are shown below e Open the WDMUtil software and load an existing met wdm file File gt Open e Click the Generate Time Series button in the Tools section highlighted in red in figure 12 1 Figure 12 1 WDMUtil Generate Time Series Button e Inthe New Time Series window that opens click on the
69. ent on the accuracy of FTABLES and as a result it is practical to use acommon set of FTABLE values when troubleshooting the model To do this you should identify the FTABLE reach which has caused the problems from the HSPF error messages Then find the FTABLE entry for that reach in the HSPF uci file see figure 9 1 for an example A problematic FTABLE will have a small range of depth values and generally low values throughout the FTABLE Select another FTABLE from the same uci file if practical or another working model uci file if not and copy the FTABLE to replace the 64 problematic one Save changes to the uci file and attempt to run the model again Remember to save a copy of the original uci file when making manual edits FTABLE 1 rows cols KAR 8 4 depth area volume outflowl 0 1 69 0 Ois 0 5 1 78 0 87 20 89 Ss 2 54 10 58 988 9 6 25 21D 13 88 1456 99 7 81 8 36 26 53 2169 22 9 38 8 88 40 4119 32 160 94 60 19 5274 223820278 75 312 5 111 49 18283 63 20067014 END FTABLE 1 Figure 9 1 Example FTABLE n a uci File 9 4 Errors when using BASINS to delineate sub catchments BASINS can struggle with delineation of small model catchments and low relief topography It also is less intuitive to process single sub catchment model outputs If the BASINS delineated sub catchments do not match the full model extent or fail to generate entirely the sub catchment delineation should be attempted using the A
70. er of the calculations can be performed in Excel e Open the exported table in Excel selecting commas as the delimiter e Add anew column called Proportion e Calculate values for the Proportion column as the Area value divided by the area of a full 2 km by 2 km fishnet cell match the units used to calculate Area in ArcMap for example if using square metres the total fishnet area would be 4000000 m e Create new columns for each of the animal counts call them Prop animal where animal is the relevant animal name for the field e Calculate values for each of these new animal fields by multiplying the original count by the Proportion value This gives a proportional count of animals based on the area of each feature row e If calculations are being undertaken for all catchments and their sub catchments at once add another new field called ID o Use the concatenate formula to create a unique ID based on the model catchment and sub catchment numbers Use additional letters to distinguish between the catchment and sub catchment values so that for example catchment 1 sub catchment 11 is distinct from catchment 11 sub catchment 1 o An example formula would be CONCATENATE C catchment value cell SC sub catchment value cell e Copy the Catchment sub catchment and ID fields and paste as values into a new area of the worksheet o Select all cells in these three columns including headers and choose Advanced from the Sort
71. er sections of this document 2 Data and Software Requirements 2 1 Data required Dataset Use Source DEM Watershed delineation and EDINA Digimap Ordnance River Network Precipitation data EA rain gauge Potential Evapotranspiration MORECS Land Use Data Land Cover Map 2007 Agricultural information agcensus Livestock numbers River flow data EA flow gauge FIO water quality data topographic parameters Used to burn into DEM for additional hydrologic accuracy optional Time series rainfall data including locations Time series potential evapotranspiration data including locations Information on land use Data to quantify grazing numbers in sub catchments Calibration of modelled flow output Calibration of Faecal Coliform output Table 1 1 Data Required Survey Collection CEH Environment Agency United Utilities EDINA Digimap Environment Collection EDINA Environment Agency C2C project field work 2 2 Software required Software Notes Source BASINS Provided by U S EPA Test version may http water epa gov scitech datait including solve any compatibility issues models basins download cfm WinHSPF stable release http www aquaterra com resourc es downloads basins4 php test version WDMUtil Maybe included with BASINS but also http Awww aquaterra com resourc GenScn available as a standalone package es downloads basins4 php which may be mo
72. es Point Sources Add to Point Source to wsd Create HSPF Model Part 2 FIO Add Pollutant Edit Control Cards N Jow uw Ww TI 13 14 16 16 18 20 21 21 23 23 26 30 30 31 32 33 36 36 36 38 39 42 42 42 42 43 48 48 49 49 52 52 52 1 3 1 4 7 5 7 6 9 1 9 2 9 3 9 4 9 5 10 10 1 10 2 11 1 11 1 1 11 1 2 11 2 11 2 1 11 2 2 11 2 3 12 12 1 12 1 1 12 1 2 12 1 3 12 2 12 2 1 12 2 2 Edit Properties and Enter Accumulations from the BIT Add Monthly Accumulation Rates and Limiting Storage Values from BIT Add Point Sources Add Model Water Quality Faecal Coliform Output Running the Model Common Model Errors Issues with input Met data Data conversion FTABLES Errors when using BASINS to delineate sub catchments Getting additional help Outputting Model Results Viewing Model Results Exporting Model Output Data Calibration Hydrological Calibration Interactive and Automated Hydrological Calibration Flow Data Conversion FIO calibration BIT calibration FIO Decay rate FIO Data Conversion Model Changes for Scenario Modelling Management Scenarios BIT spreadsheet changes Urban Point Source Changes Land Use Changes Climate Scenarios Generating New Met Data Modifying Existing Met Data Appendices Appendix A ArcMap Model Builder Diagrams for ptf and rch HSPF Input Files Appendix B ArcMap Model Builder Diagrams for wsd HSPF Input File Appendix
73. from m s o Multiply ms values by 35 3146667 to get ft s 11 2 FIO calibration Calibration of FIO data is more difficult that calibrating the hydrological element of the model as observed FIO data is not available in a continuous time series For this reason it is important to concentrate on the overlap of model and observed data and also to select key points in the sampling period Making calibration adjustments to the FIO outputs can be made either through modifications to the Bacteria Indicator Tool BIT spreadsheets which results in changes to the FIO accumulations or by changing the parameter that controls the decay rate of the FIO constituent being modelled in HSPF 11 2 1 BIT calibration Changes to the BIT spreadsheets can be made in any of the worksheets see section 6 1 Each change would have a knock on effect to the final FIO accumulations It may also be advisable to make changes to the reference values on the References worksheet These values are based on literature and are used in all calculations of accumulation rates Changing these values will have an overall impact without having to alter livestock counts and sub catchment land use areas The reference values can be replaced by more accurate locally measured values or simply calibrated based on the modelled FIO output 11 2 2 FIO Decay rate Changes to the decay rate of FIO will also have an influence on the FIO model outputs The decay rate parameter can b
74. g Storage Values from BIT This section makes the final preparations to format data in the BIT spreadsheet for input into the HSPF model This requires some entry of values from the HSPF model into the modified BIT spreadsheets and then formatting and ordering of the BIT accumulation and limiting storage values before they are then copied into WinHSPF s input data editor e lf itis not already open click the Input Data Editor button a e Inthe Input Data Editor window navigate to PERLAND gt PQUAL from the first tree level o Double click on MON ACCUM o Open the relevant prepared BIT spreadsheet this must have a matching number of sub catchments as well as having been setup as described in section 6 1 o Switch to the MON ACCUM worksheet in the BIT spreadsheet Yellow highlighted cells indicate where user input to the worksheet is required o In column A of the BIT spreadsheet the Land use numbers for the specific model need to be entered These can be found by inspecting the OpNum and Description columns in the Edit PERLND MON ACCUM window The land use number corresponds to the final number the furthest right character in the OpNum Table 7 2 shows an example of this process and figure 7 5 compares the MON ACCUM OpNum and Description columns to the equivalent entry in the BIT spreadsheet O 55 OpNum Description HSPF Landuse No HSPF HSPF BIT 11 Mountain heath bog 1 16 Water 6 Table 7 2 Identif
75. gure 3 17 B Script Creation Wizard BAX File Properties Data Mapping Data File C A C2C Catchments 01 FIO Urban CEnt Urbandata_Catchment_1_ Browse Script File Browse Description tstScriptDesc Header Column Format Line Ending Skip C Fixed Width CRALF or CR None C Tab Delimited C LF C Starts With C Space Delimited ASCII Char 13 C Lines 1 C Line Length g0 Column Number 20000000000 oj 00N S w N e oja b olol oco ooo o ooo wo o co eae eee Pg a0 Read Data Save Script Cancel Figure 3 17 WDMUtil Import Script Creation Click the Data Mapping Tab 16 e Enter the values in the input column as shown in figure 3 18 Script Creation Wizard BAX File Properties Data Mapping Name Attribute Input Column Constant Skip Values Value no 1 Year 2 Month no 3 Day 4 Hour 5 Minute 6 Scenario yes Location yes Constituent yes Description yes Repeating no Repeats no Column Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 a 0 1995 07 16 14 0 0 1995 07 16 15 0 0 1995 oF 16 16 0 0 1995 07 16 17 0 0 1995 07 16 18 0 0 1995 07 16 19 0 0 1995 07 16 20 0 0 1995 oF 16 21 0 X HeadData Save Script Cancel Figure 3 18 WDMUtil Import Script Creation Data Mapping e Click Read Data e Double click on new time series entry to open the Edit Time Series Attributes window and allow editing of the att
76. hapefile called WSD to store these areas and also adds additional fields required for the wsd HSPF input file and assigns HSPF sub catchment numbers and appropriate default values The model also performs the initial calculation of average percent rise slope values per sub catchment 80 The model below is the second step for processing model catchments with multiple sub catchments The model uses the pre processing of average percent rise slope values for the sub catchments and joins and writes the data to the appropriate field in the WSD shapefile output 81 The Diagram below is the initial step for a model catchment with a single sub catchment The model processes the HSPF categorised land use data for the sub catchment allowing the area of each land use category to be calculated The model creates a new shapefile called WSD to store these areas and also adds additional fields required for the wsd HSPF input file and assigns HSPF sub catchment numbers and appropriate default values The model also records the average percent rise slope of the sub catchment which is based on a value calculated outside of this model and entered as a parameter manually 82 The final model diagram shows the final stage of processing that should be performed on the WSD shapefiles from models with both single and multiple sub catchments The model details the steps required to duplicate Built up areas so that this HSPF land use category is represented b
77. he urban point sources this could be achieved within the WDMUtil software Steps to achieve this are the same as those suggested in section 12 2 2 for modifying met data 73 12 1 3 Land Use Changes Future changes in land use can also be explored A redistribution of areas within each model sub catchment could be achieved by the following e Manually amended the area values in the SCHEMATIC section of the uci file see Appendix G o Note the total area of all land use types within the sub catchment should be unchanged e Updating the land use worksheet of the BIT spreadsheet with the redistributed area values e Updating the recalculated MON ACCUM and MON SQOLIM values from the revised BIT spreadsheet e Re running the model The above suggested method is untested but should work in theory An alternative would be to modify the wsd HSPF input file section 4 2 1 and 4 2 2 and recreate the HSPF model section 5 Changing the wsd HSPF input file and recreating the model would also allow for changes in the configuration of the land use within the sub catchments While the sub catchments themselves should remain unchanged it would allow for the removal or addition of any model operations i e the unique combination of land use categories within each sub catchment For example removing Arable amp horticultural land use from a sub catchment or adding Grassland as a new land use within a sub catchment would be possible
78. his is the format used to store time series data in by HSPF o Prepare the data in the column format illustrated in figure 3 16 Value Year Month Day Hour Minute Figure 3 16 MS Excel Potential Evapotranspiration Data Column Format o Remove any header row o Save the data as a csv file e An additional step is required to disaggregate the evapotranspiration from a daily time step into an hourly one This is undertaken in the WDMUtil software once the evapotranspiration data has been imported 13 3 4 Land Use Part 1 The Land Cover Map LCM2007 data from CEH has more categories than is ideal for modelling in HSPF A greater number of categories causes a greater level of model complexity which can lead to a greater chance of errors Simplifying the categories to land uses of relevance will aid the modelling process Should changes in land use categories be required they can be made by repeating this process and rebuilding the model Having reclassified the land cover map into a HSPF land use layer this file can then be used by BASINS or through manual processing to build the model input files The processing of the land use date can be achieved using ArcMap using the following steps Convert the downloaded LCM2007 data from raster format to a vector shapefile in ArcMap A lookup table is provided Table 3 1 which enables the LCM2007 GridCode values to be linked with the relevant LCM2007 classific
79. ication of HSPF Land Use Number from OpNum B 1 HSPF landuse No Check 2 Arable amp horticultur 3 Grassland 4 5 w Edit PERLND MON ACCUM MV Show Description OpNum Description QUAJAN 11 Grassland 200000 Built up areas Mountain heath bog 12 Mountain heath bog 200000 6 Woodland 13 Woodland 200000 7 Water 14 Built up areas 200000 8 Coast sea 15 Arable amp horticultural 200000 9 16 Water 280000 M 4r i MON ACCUM MON SOOLIM Figure 7 5 OpNum and Land Use description in WinHSPF Edit PERLND MON ACCUM Window Compared with Equivalent HSPF Landuse No in the MON ACCUM worksheet of oO e O the BIT Spreadsheet Note OpNum values may change between models or if recreating a model so this step needs to be checked and or repeated each time It is also important to ensure all land use categories within the model are accounted for In the example above the model does not have any Coast sea land use in any of the sub catchments In other cases you may have to scroll down in the Edit PERLND MON ACCUM window to find all land uses present In the Bit Tool spreadsheet on the MON ACCUM worksheet scroll right until you find the yellow highlighted Conversion cell cell V2 This value should be defaulted to 1000000 10 Reason There is a coded length limit in the input of accumulation WON ACCUM values into HSPF For this reason the values are divided by 10 to ensure
80. ilar to figure 3 22 AX WDMUtil Compute Operation C Compute Disaggregate Disaggregate Functions Solar Radiation Evapotranspiration C Temperature C Wind Travel C Dewpoint Temperature C Precipitation Disaggregate Daily PET in or cm to Hourly assumes a distribution based on latitude d m_s and time of year Timeseries Constituent Location Scenario DSN Output PEVT MORECS 91 COMPUTED 51 Input s Potential ET EVAP MORECS91 OBSERVED 50 7 Additional Inputs Latitude d m_s Dates Reset Start End Cunent 1887 7 30 Of 0 0 to aznar of of 0 Common f7387 7 30 Of 6 0 to mamorro Perform Operation Close Figure 3 22 WDMUtil Compute o Click Perform operation and OK to any subsequent messages o Click Close on the Compute form o An adjustment may be required to account for British Summer Time in the data it should be manually checked to ensure peak Evapotranspiration rates occur at the appropriate time of day Midday early PM throughout the time series 19 3 6 Land Use Part 2 Reason Necessary for manual model input file creation Also used in calculation of BIT tool e Combine land use with HSPF sub catchments o Open ArcMap and add A shapefile of HSPF category land use from section 3 4 A shapefile of the HSPF model sub catchments either the Watershed demw shp shapefile created by BASINS in section 3 2 1 or the Catchment sh
81. in WP1 using the InfoWorks model The data from the InfoWorks models are combined according to the model catchment and sub catchment into which they drain A sub catchment may have more than one InfoWorks model outflow but these are summed together as the sub catchment is essentially the smallest spatial unit which can be used for point source entry The InfoWorks model provide separate urban contributions for E Coli and Confirmed Enterococci E Coli contributions have been used initially as point sources in the HSPF model runs The HSPF model is only capable of outputting a single FIO during a model run In order to run the model to simulate Confirmed Enterococci all catchment models would need to be run again with Confirmed Enterococci point sources used instead of the E Coli ones The InfoWorks outputs are provided per sub catchment as a time series output and saved as a csv text file in an identical format to that used when preparing the precipitation and potential evapotranspiration data sections 3 3 1 and 3 3 2 Although the InfoWorks models are capable of outputting at a shorter time step hourly time steps are provided to match the HSPF model time step The units of the InfoWorks FIO data are also converted to match those of the rural FIO inputs which are amended as a result of a model restriction workaround see section 6 1 5 Due to practical consideration of InfoWorks model runtime the InfoWorks models are only run for 2012 The time se
82. k Add e An Add Output window opens e In the Operation window select the furthest downstream or exit sub catchment By default the model includes a daily output of flow for this sub catchment so you can find the sub catchment number from the RCHRES number listed in the Output Locations e Check Hourly e Other values can remain at their defaults e The Add Output window will appear similar to figure 5 14 39 RCHRES 24 24 WDM Location ID RCH Hourly Base WDM DSN 1000 S ai OK Cancel Figure 5 14 WinHSPF Add Output Window e Click OK e The Output Manager window will look similar to figure 5 15 Output Type C Hydrology Calibration AQUATOX Linkage i C Other Streamflow output will be generated at each Flow output location Output Locations Name Description RCHRES 1 1 Remove Figure 5 15 WinHSPF Output Manager e Click Close 40 The model can now be run to generate hourly and daily flow for the modelled catchment At this point you can attempt further calibration of the hydrological HSPF model and generate further outputs Further information on how to do this is available in later sections e Click the Run HSPF button e WinHSPF asks if you wish to save new changes to the model see figure 5 16 Confirm Save UCI Changes have been made since your last Save Do you want to save these changes Cancel Fig
83. lD field into HSPF sub catchment numbers 78 The final diagram and step in the calculations uses the DEM and a percent rise slope raster calculated separately from the DEM to calculate and add the final values of average slope along the reach average elevation along the reach and the difference between the minimum and maximum elevation along the reach All values that are required to create the ptf and ech HSPF input files are now contained in the processed DrainageLine shapefile 79 Appendix B ArcMap Model Builder Diagrams for wsd HSPF Input File The following ArcMap Model Builder diagrams detail the work flow in creating a shapefile based on the Arc Hydro tools Catchment output see section 3 2 2 The output contains measured values required in the creation of the wsd HSPF model input files The Model Builder diagrams should be performed in sequence although first two diagrams are used for processing a model catchment that contains multiple sub catchments and the third diagram performs the equivalent steps for a model catchment consisting of a single sub catchment The fourth diagram contains the final steps for both types of model catchment The Diagram below should be the initial step for a model catchment with multiple sub catchments The model processes the HSPF categorised land use data for each sub catchment allowing the area of each land use category within each sub catchment to be calculated The model creates a new s
84. lt Remove 0 AddAl gt gt All Add All gt gt lt lt Remove All lt lt Remove All All V Show Details Add New New Create Scenario Scenario m Details of HOURLY OBS alk JR each Pollutant Target Member ACHRES 1 1 F COLIFO IDQAL 1 dissolved F COLIFORM RCHRES 6 6 F COLIFO IDQAL 1 dissolved F COLIFORM RCHRES 9 9 F COLIFO IDQAL 1 dissolved F COLIFORM RCHRES 10 F COLIFO IDQAL 1 dissolved F COLIFORM RCHRES 13 F COLIFO IDQAL 1 dissolved F COLIFORM RCHRES 16 F COLIFO IDGAL 1 dissolved F COLIFORM RCHRES 20 F COLIFO IDQAL 1 dissolved F COLIFORM RCHRES 23 F COLIFO IDQAL 1 dissolved F COLIFORM moms me remar IAMAI 1 LEAMA Figure 7 9 Completed Point Sources Window 7 6 Add Model Water Quality Faecal Coliform Output t e Click the Output Manager button rE e Select the Output Type as Other e Click Add e An Add Output window opens e In the Operation list select RCHRES X X where X is the furthest downstream or exit sub catchment This will be the same number as the flow output you have already added e Inthe Group Member list select GQUAL DQUAL 1 1 e Check Hourly e Other values can remain at their defaults e The Add Output window will appear similar to figure 7 10 60 HA WinHSPF Add Output X Operation Group Member RCHRES 10 10 RCHRES 24 24 Mo GOUAL Salil 1 RCHRES 1 1 GQUAL SGAL 2 1 pa Dissolved concentration of qual concu
85. ment in miles Creation of a new field Float type called RCH_len_mi to the Arc Hydro DrainageLine shapefile and populated by calculating the length of each DrainageLine feature in miles Reach Length feet Delth Length of the representative drainage line reach contained in each sub catchment in feet Creation of a new field Float type called RCH_len_ft to the Arc Hydro DrainageLine shapefile and populating the new field by calculating the length of each DrainageLine feature in feet The difference in maximum and minimum elevation in feet along the sub catchment reaches The Zonal Statistics as Table tool is used to extract the range of elevation difference in minimum and maximum elevations from the DEM which coincide with the DrainageLine shapefile features The table containing the elevation range is joined to the DrainageLine shapefile by their sub catchment IDs and the values stored in a new Delth field Float type Reach Average Elevation O O O The average elevation in feet along the sub catchment reaches The Zonal Statistics as Table tool is used to extract average elevation from the DEM which coincide with the DrainageLine shapefile features this can be calculated consecutively elevation range The table containing the average elevations is joined to the DrainageLine shapefile by their sub catchment IDs and the average elevation transferred to a new field Float type Reach Average Slope
86. n each sub catchment This is done by assigning a Met Segment to each model Operation These are listed as PERLND pervious land IMPLND impervious land and RCHRES reach reservoir In the case of PERLND and IMPLND the included number identifies the sub catchment and the land use type The final value indicates the land use number the 1 or 2 numbers prior to that indicate the sub catchment For example PERLND 14 sub catchment 1 land use type 4 IMPLAND 251 sub catchment 25 land use type 1 For RCHRES operations the number listed identifies the sub catchment only For example RCHRES 14 sub catchment 14 e Double click the Met Seg ID cell for each Operation and choose the appropriate Met Segment by identifying the Operation sub catchment as detailed above You only need to amend the Met Seg ID of the Operations where the Met Segment is not correct this is why the initial Met Station was selected as the most common location from the sub catchments e Amend all Met Seg ID values e The Simulation Time and Meteorological Data window will now appear similar to figure 5 6 34 H WinHSPF Simulation Time and Meteorolog Jog Year Month Day Hour Minute Start 2003 18 1 0 0 End 202 12 30 0 0 Met Segments Add Edit Apply Connections Met Seg ID Operation al STOCKS A PERLND 24 STOCKS A PERLND 25 STOCKS R PERLND 26 STOCKS A IMPLND 21 STOCKS A RCHRES 3 CHIPPING RCHRES 27 CHIPPING RCHR
87. n headers Right click and select Paste or press Ctrl V to paste the MON SQOLIM values from the BIT spreadsheet into the Edit PERLND MON SQOLIM window Visually check that values have copied across correctly for the full range of OpNum values and months you will need to scroll the input table to check this 58 o Your completed table in the Edit PERLND MON SQOLIM window should look similar to figure 7 8 Edit PERLND MON SQOLIM BAX V Show Description Occurence F COLIFORT Oplu Desertion SQQUAN SQOFEB SQOMAR SOOAPR SQOMAY SQOJUN SQOJUL SQOAUG SQOSEP SQOOCT SQONOV SQODEC Grassland 45000 46000 57000 38000 92000 48000 89000 48000 94000 45000 45000 45 7 Mountain heath bog 0 000001 0 000001 0 000001 0 000001 0 000001 0 000001 0 000001 0 000001 0 000001 0 000001 0 000001 0 000001 13 Woodland 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 14 Built up areas 0 000001 0 000001 0 000001 0 000001 0 000001 0 000001 0 000001 0 000001 0 000001 0 000001 0 000001 0 000001 15 Arable amp horticultural 12000 14000 30000 11000 65000 11000 65000 10000 67000 12000 13000 12000 16 Water 0 000001 0 000001 0 000001 0 000001 0 000001 0 000001 0 000001 0 000001 0 000001 0 000001 0 000001 0 000001 21 Grassland 92000 92000 93000 42000 85000 79000 84000 79000 85000 92000 92000 92000 l Table MON SQOLIM Monthly values limiting storage of QUALOF at start of each month This table is only required if VQOFG in Table type QUAL PROPS is 1 This table sh
88. nd Fecal Coliform PDF 101 BASINS Technical Notes http water epa gov scitech datait models basins userinfo cfm technical Of direct relevance e Technical Note 1 PDF Creating Hydraulic Function Tables FTABLES for Reservoirs in BASINS e Technical Note 2 PDF Two Automated Methods for Creating Hydraulic Function Tables FTABLES e Technical Note 6 PDF Estimating Hydrology and Hydraulic Parameters for HSPF o Addendum to Technical Note 6 PDF Additional notes for HSPF users Bacteria Indicator Tool BIT example spreadsheets and documentation http water epa gov scitech datait models basins upload bit zip HSPEXP USGS HSPEXP link http water usgs gov software HSPexp HSPEXP documentation Appendix A useful for hydrological calibration http water usgs gov software HSPexp code doc hspexp pdf PEST PEST homepage http www pesthomepage org Home php PEST and HSPF http www pesthomepage org Surface Water Utilities php hdr3 Climate Change Met Data Generation Future Flows CEH http www ceh ac uk sci_programmes water futureflowsandgroundwaterlevels html Weather Generator DEFRA http ukclimateprojections defra gov uk 22540 Hyetos http www itia ntua gr en softinfo 3 102
89. nding cell and pressing backspace or delete then clicking out of the cell e Clearing the TSTYPE entries should also clear the Data Set entries if not these should be cleared as well e The initial Met Segment window should look similar to figure 5 2 3l I WinHSPF Initial Met Segment Jog Name FOOTHOLM Footholme Auto Constituent WDM ID T STYPE Data Set Mfact re __Mfact R 7 Precip WDM2 PREC 11 FOOTHOLM Air Temp WDM2 Dew Point WDM2 1 1 wind WDM2 1 1 Solar Rad WDM2 1 1 Cloud WDM2 D 1 1 1 eveveseevesevessonseonsesusesssessveosssvesseesseny Pot Evap WDM2 PEVT 50 MORECS91 Figure 5 2 WinHSPF Initial Met Segment e Click OK 5 3 WinHSPF GUI e The WinHSPF GUI will open and appear similar to figure 5 3 PB Hydrological Simulation Program Fortran HSPF 01 Jo File Edit Functions Help NH N co EPEAL E Perind Impind RCHRES 2 RCHRES 4 RCHRES 10 RCHRES 11 RCHRES 12 hoes CN a 4 oN Pee RCHRES 13 RCHRES 19 RCHRES 5 RCHRES 15 RCHRES 16 _ a RCHRES 20 RCHRES 8 RCHRES 17 RCHRES 14 RCHRES 21 RCHRES 18 RCHRES 25 RCHRES 27 L EN Pony RCHRES 22 RCHRES 23 RCHRES 28 RCHRES 26 y TNS RCHRES 24 RCHRES 29 1 RCHRES 1 Land Use Reaches Tmpind Acres Perind Acres Total Acres Total 0 0 0 0 0 0 Figure 5 3 WinHSPF GUI The main window shows the layout of the model s
90. ng the U S EPA BASINS software which is packaged together with the HSPF model In some cases the watershed delineation using this software was problematic and did not produce acceptable catchments Predominantly these were smaller lower level catchments which were topographically more homogenous In these instances a manual method was undertaken using Arc Hydro Tools for ArcGIS and tools within ArcGIS itself to process and delineate the required watersheds Small model catchments which comprised only a single sub catchments were also processed using the manual Arc Hydro method Both methods are outlined below 3 2 1 Basins method e Open BASINS software e Create New Project e Without selecting any features click Build e Click Yes to dismiss the Data Extraction message e Save the project in an appropriate directory e Enter Projection Properties as shown in figure 3 1 these match GB National Grid Projection Properties aif X lt O Standard Custom Name 0SGB36 Spheroid ity 1830 Central Meridian 3 Reference Latitude 49 Scale Factor 0 9996012717 False Easting 400000 False Northing 100000 Figure 3 1 BASINS Projection Properties Use the Add data button figure 3 2 to add data wa BASINS 4 Darwen Fie Tiles iM Models ARIER I WERIT Legend mm Figure 3 2 BASINS Add Data Button Add o DEM o Model catchment shapefile o Rivers shapefile On the top menu options go to Wa
91. nted by the loaded catchment shapefile e Calculate Flow Direction o Click Terrain Preprocessing on the Arc Hydro Tools Toolbar o Inthe menu that drops select Flow Direction o Enter Fil the filled DEM as the Hydro DEM o Enter the model catchment as the Outer Wall Polygon o Leave the remaining options as in figure 3 7 2 Flow Direction Hydro DEM Fil ly Outer Wall Polygon Catchment_14 x Flow Direction Grid Fdr Figure 3 7 Arc Hydro Tools Flow Direction e Click OK e Calculate Flow accumulation o Click Terrain Preprocessing on the Arc Hydro Tools Toolbar o Inthe menu that drops select Flow Accumulation o Check that the details are entered correctly as in figure 3 8 Flow Accumulation Flow Direction Grid Fdr Flow Accumulation Grid Fac Figure 3 8 Arc Hydro Tools Flow Accumulation e Click OK e Create Stream Definition o Click Terrain Preprocessing on the Arc Hydro Tools Toolbar o Inthe menu that drops select Stream Definition o Enter the Number of cells as 20000 used for single sub catchment or small size model catchments or the use the BASINS cell threshold for erroneous BASIN outputs if the cell threshold is greater than 20000 The BASINS cell threshold is given as the of cells value when attempting Automatic Watershed Delineation see section 3 2 1 o Check that the details are entered correctly as in figure 3 9 Stream Definition Flow Accumulation Grid
92. nual method instead e Locate the created Watershed Shapefile demw shp and Stream Reach Shapefile demnet shp These should be saved in the same directory in which your BASINS project was saved Take a copy of these shapefiles e Save BASINS project for later use in preparing the model input files Model Input File Creation gt BASINS method 3 2 2 Arc Hydro Tools Method Manual Sub catchment delineation can also be performed in ArcGIS using Arc Hydro Tools which are a set of geoprocessing tools designed to support water resource applications Using Arc Hydro Tools to delineate the sub catchments allows a greater amount of user control over the delineation and processing of the sub catchments It also allows for the processing of individual sub catchments for smaller catchment models The disadvantage of using Arc Hydro Tools and ArcGIS over BASINS is that more manual processing is required to prepare the data into the correct format for entry into the HSPF model The below method requires ArcGIS complete with the Spatial Analyst extension and Arc Hydro Tools to be installed and activated The initial step involves processing the DEM This can be done once for a DEM that covers the entire C2C area before further processing the individual model catchments e Open ArcGIS ArcMap and open the Arc Hydro Tools toolbar by right clicking in an empty section of the toolbar and selecting Arc Hydro Tools e Add to ArcMap o DEM o Rivers shapefile e S
93. of each of the four HSPF input fields is detailed in the tables below These are a combination of the values calculated from GIS 4 2 1 and default values which are entered manually e psr File Point Sources Point source data in HSPF is added at a later stage as it is represented by time series wdm data files A default entry is used as shown in Appendix C and the same file can be renamed and used for all HSPF catchments e ptf File Channel Geometry The ptf file contains the fields listed in table 4 1 Values taken from the GIS processing of the DrainageLine shapefile are shown in square brackets other values are default values shown in the appropriate format No speech marks are required for the Type of x section entry An example of the ptf file and additional description is provided in Appendix D 26 Field Value Reach Number Sub catchment ID Length ft Reach Length ft Mean Depth ft 5 00000 Mean Width ft 30 00000 Mannings Roughness Coeff 0 05 Long Slope Reach Average Slope Type of x section Trapezoidal Side slope of upper FP left 0 5 Side slope of lower FP left 0 5 Zero slope FP width left ft 30 000 Side slope of channel left 1 Side slope of channel right 1 Zero slope FP width right ft 30 000 Side slope lower FP right 0 5 Side slope upper FP right 0 5 Channel Depth ft 6 2500 Flood side slope change at depth 9 3
94. original X or Y coordinate values 100 This is so the points fall inside the fishnet cells as opposed to lying on the SW corner Create a new point layer for the agcensus subset data based on these modified coordinates 45 Perform a Spatial Join of the modified coordinate agcensus subset data to the C2C fishnet cells This links the agcensus data to the relevant fishnet cell o Right click the C2C fishnet layer in the ToC select Joins and Relates gt Joins Fill out the form as shown in figure 6 3 Join lets you append additional data to this layer s attribute table so you can for example symbolize the layer s features using this data What do you want to join to this layer Join data from another layer based on spatial location 1 Choose the layer to join to this layer or load spatial data from disk KE xv2_England_2010_2k 2 You are joining Points to Polygons Select a join feature dass above You will be given different options based on geometry types of the source feature dass and the join feature dass Each polygon will be given a summary of the numeric attributes of the points that fall inside it and a count field showing how many points fall inside it How do you want the attributes to be summarized Average Minimum Standard Deviation Sum Maximum Variance Each polygon will be given all the attributes of the point that is closest to its boundary and a distance field showing how close the point is
95. ould be repeated for each quality constituent Parameter e lt PLS gt Value at start of month for limiting storage of QUALOF lb ac x x JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC Figure 7 8 WinHSPF Completed Table in the Edit PERLND MON SQOLIM Window e Click OK e On the Input Data Editor window Click Close 7 5 Add Point Sources The point source FIO time series data can now be added and activated in the model The data can be easily added to or removed from the model which is useful for source apportionment model runs e In WinHSPF with a model open click the Point Sources button a e In the Point Source window that opens select the HOURLY OBS entry in the Available point sources list e Click Add gt e Select HOURLY OBS which is now in the In Use point sources list e Check Show Details e Double click the In Use value in the first row and set the value to Yes in the drop down menu e Double click the In Use field header to copy down the Yes value to all model reaches e Double click the Target Member value in the first row and set the value to IDQAL dissolved F COLIFORM in the drop down menu e Double click the Target Member field header to copy down the set value to all model reaches e The completed Point Sources form should look similar to Figure 7 9 e Click OK 59 a WinHSPF Point Sources Available In Use 0 Add gt 0 Add gt HOURLY OBS lt Remove
96. parameters are stored in the model uci file It is possible to change these parameters through WinHSPF which ensures file format consistency or directly in the uci text file Parameters can be stored for individual model components or operations that is to say for each land use type within each sub catchment Where parameters are common between consecutive operations they can be grouped to represent a range of model operations Because a large number of edits may be required to the uci when adjusting parameters it is recommended to edit the uci text file directly For single edits to model operations editing within WinHSPF may be preferable 5 5 1 HSPF Hydrological Parameters A full description of the HSPF parameters is provided in the BASINS Technical Note 6 see Appendix H The key Hydrological parameters are listed in the pervious land hydrology section PWATER and the impervious land hydrology section IWATER 5 5 2 Editing Parameters within WinHSPF Editing parameters within WinHSPF requires selecting each model operation individually and opening a series of forms and windows This makes for a time consuming process when multiple parameter changes are required The advantage of editing parameters within WinHSPF is that the uci formatting is undertaken by WinHSPF are removes the chances of breaking the strict uci file formatting Some guidance and description is also given as to the nature of the parameters and some appropriate value
97. rainage Line Processing o Check that the details are entered correctly as in figure 3 13 10 Stream Link Grid Flow Direction Grid Drainage Line DrainageLine Figure 3 13 Arc Hydro Drainage Line Processing e Click OK e Save the mxd to include a reference of the processing for the catchment e Right click each of the following in the table of contents window and using Data gt Export Data Save a copy of them as shapefiles o DrainageLine o Catchment e Close ArcMap The DrainageLine and Catchment shapefiles are used in the calculation of topographic values that represent the model sub catchments The Catchment shapefile identifies the delineated HSPF sub catchments and their areas the DrainageLine shapefile stores the representative channel or reach of each sub catchment and the sub catchment downstream flow order 3 3 Met data Part 1 The met data precipitation and potential evapotranspiration that is required to drive the hydrological component of the HSPF model needs to be pre prepared The data needs to be inspected for errors and repaired with as much accuracy as possible The data also needs to be converted into the required model time steps and measurement units as well as being formatted correctly to facilitate entry into the wdm Watershed Data Management format in which the data is stored for use with the HSPF model Location data marking where the data was collected from also needs to
98. rc Hydro Tools method section 3 2 2 9 5 Getting additional help The U S EPA run an online community which is very helpful in solving problems with BASINS and HSPF The community operates as a Listserv details for joining the BASINS Listserv are included below and are taken from the Contact Information at http water epa gov scitech datait models basins index cfm BASINS Listserv Join this online community of BASINS users to exchange questions and answers regarding the use of BASINS Join the BASINS listserv by sending an email to lyris lists epa gov leaving the Subject field blank and putting subscribe basinsinfo firstname lastname in the body of the text Once you have subscribed you will receive a welcome message confirming your membership Search the BASINS listserv archives as well as other EPA forums to which you are subscribed by going to https lists epa gov read Login then go to My Forums Select the forum you want e g basinsinfo Then click on Search There is also a link for Advanced Search You can also contact EPA s BASINS Support Team to find additional information on BASINS not answered through the BASINS Listserv From http water epa gov scitech datait models basins index cfm 65 10 Outputting Model Results Once a model Run has completed the model outputs can be viewed and plotting using the GenScn program that is provided with WinHSPF and BASINS The GenScn software
99. re convenient ESRI ArcGIS The GIS package used for this project Commercial software Desktop and guide ArcMap Arc Hydro Geoprocessing toolset for GIS https mft esri com FTP site Tools software Login and password for ftp site as well as further instruction and tutorials can be found from the Arc Hydro forum http forums arcgis com forums 88 Arc Hydro MS Excel Spreadsheet software Commercial software MS Notepad Text editor software Commercial software provided with windows Table 2 1 Software Required 3 Preliminary Model Data Preparation 3 1 Model catchment s Reason Define outer boundaries for model limits This is based on the rivers being modelled and where they drain In the case of C2C the model extent and the rivers to be modelled had been identified by the strategic partners The locations where the rural HSPF modelled drained into the river estuary model created additional points within this larger catchment that defined the boundaries of the rural HSPF models e Use GIS to calculate a watershed from a DEM based on the rivers to be modelled and or the points to be drained to 3 2 Model sub catchment delineation Topography Reason To create model sub catchments the spatial units used to define and configure the model within the overall model catchment s and calculate topographic parameters for these slope area and channel length Two methods were used to delineate the watersheds One usi
100. read the uci file and perform the instructions accordingly even small changes can cause the uci file to become unreadable and corrupt e Locate the relevant model uci file e Create a copy of the uci file as a backup in case of error e Open the uci file using a text editor such as MS Notepad e Scroll down the uci file a full example is included in Appendix G to find the PWAT for pervious land or IWAT for impervious land parameter sections or modules These sections are where the parameter data is stored and so are directly equivalent to the tables that can be opened in WinHSPF section 5 5 2 PWAT PARM2 EER PLESS FOREST LZSN INFILT LSUR SLSUR KVARY AGWRC RRR x x in in hr ft 1 in 1 day 101 102 1 6 5 0 16 350 0 022366 0 0 98 103 0 4 0 16 350 0 022366 0 0 98 104 105 T 6 5 0 16 350 0 022366 0 0 98 201 205 ie 6 5 0 16 350 0 028335 0 0 98 301 302 h 6 5 0 16 350 0 026583 0 0 98 303 0 4 0 16 350 0 026583 0 0 98 304 305 i s 6 5 0 16 350 0 026583 0 0 98 END PWAT PARM2 Figure 5 11 PWAT PARM2 Module of HSPF uci File e Figure 5 11 5 12 and 5 18 show examples of the PWAT PARM2 PWAT PARMS3 and PWAT PARM4 parameter sections The lt PLS gt column identifies the model Operation number and can be seen to group the operations in different ways Figure 5 11 shows the operations grouped by land use with the exception of operation 103 and 303 Figures 5 12 and 5 13 show
101. repared so that the data matches the same time step as the model output to ensure a fair comparison The FIO model output is complicated by having to be divided by 10 as a workaround to a value character length limit in the model This units must be restored by multiplying the output value by 10 see section 6 1 5 9 3 FTABLES FTABLES are Hydraulic Function Tables are used to represent the geometric and hydraulic properties or each model reach The values are stored in the uci file and are generated when creating the model based on the values stored in the HSPF input files One of the properties is linked with the reach length this can lead to issues with small sub catchments with short reach lengths Because of the small size of the model sub catchment the generated FTABLES may not accurately represent the nature of the channel at that point This can lead to errors where the volume of water attempting to flow through that reach exceeds capacity and causes the model calculations to break The HSPF reporting will identify which reach the fault has occurred on and the FTABLE that needs attention FTABLES can be created both manually and automatically from channel geometries that are representative of the reach in each sub catchment It is possible to edit any problem FTABLES with real values and using the tools and steps described in BASINS Technical Notes 1 and 2 see Appendix H Literature has indicated that model accuracy is not depend
102. ributes e Add the attributes in table 3 2 according to the dataset and data type you are importing Attribute Precipitation Data Potential Evapotranspiration Data Scenario OBSERVED OBSERVED Location Name of location 8 Name of location 8 characters characters Constituent PREC EVAP Description Description of Description of location data location data LATDEG Latitude not required LNGDEG Longitude not required Table 3 2 WDMUtil Time Series Attributes Entry Capitalised text indicates default teat entry descriptions in brackets indicate user determined value that needs to be entered e The LATDEG and LNGDEG attributes for precipitation data will need to be added manually before entering coordinates o Inthe Edit Time Series Attributes window click Add Attributes o Scroll down to the new attribute row left click in the empty attribute cell and enter the attribute name LATDEG or LNGDEG o Enter the corresponding coordinate in the DSN1 field o Repeat the process for the other coordinate e An example of a completed Edit Time Series Attribute window for precipitation data is shown in figure 3 19 17 E Edit Time Series Attributes Jeg Attribute DSN 1 ID DSN 1 Scenario OBSERVED Location BILLINGE Constituent PREC Description Billinge Hill Time Units Hour 3 Time Step 1 Filelmported C C2C MET_ WDM_Files CS Billinge_Hill cs LATDEG 53 510601 EE 2 OKEANE
103. ries is modified and extended so that it runs from 00 00 01 01 1998 23 00 31 12 2012 Data values prior to 00 00 01 01 2012 are substituted with the average value during the 2012 model run 6 2 1 Add to Point Source to wsd In order for HSPF to use the InfoWorks time series data as point sources the relevant csv files need to be imported into the catchment model project wdm that was assigned when the model was created section 5 1 The wdm file can be opened by the WDMUtil file to allow for the import of the csv files The overall process is similar to that detailed in section 3 5 1 when importing csv files for met data into a met wdm file The process for adding the point source data is listed here 49 Open WDMUtil Open the relevant HSPF catchment model project wdm file File gt Open Select File gt Import Locate a saved point source time series csv file Optionally create a template for input or select a previously created template this can save time or select Blank Script and Click Edit Uncheck the Skip option under Header Check Character under Column Format and check that a comma is entered Check that the data is displayed correctly in the preview similar to figure 6 5 amp Script Creation Wizard cog File Properties Data Mapping Data File C C2C Catchments 02 FIO Urban ECol Urbandata_Catchment_2_ _ Browse Script File Browse C Description t t5 criptDes Header Column
104. rt 2 3 5 1 Import data into WDM file precipitation and evapotranspiration Reason wdm Watershed Data Management files are the format in which HSPF stores input and output time series data Input time series data includes the precipitation and evapotranspiration data Having prepared the data in the way described above the saved csv files can be imported into a wdm file using the WDMUtil software The import steps below are the same regardless of data type unless otherwise stated Open WDMUtil Create a new wdm file File gt New or open an existing wdm file File gt Open Select File gt Import Locate a saved Met data csv file Optionally create a template for input or select a previously created template this can save time or select Blank Script and Click Edit Uncheck the Skip option under Header Check Character under Column Format and check that a comma is entered Check that the data is displayed correctly in the preview similar to figure 3 17 Open WDMUtil Create a new wdm file File gt New or open an existing wdm file File gt Open Select File gt Import Locate a saved Met data csv file Optionally create a template for input or select a previously created template this can save time or select Blank Script and Click Edit Uncheck the Skip option under Header Check Character under Column Format and check that a comma is entered Check that the data is displayed correctly in the preview similar to fi
105. s in table 6 1 according to the dataset and data type you are importing Attribute Point Source Data Scenario PT OBS Location RCHx Where x sub catchment number Constituent F COLIFORM Description Hourly Table 6 1 WDMUtil Time Serves Attributes Entry e An example of a completed Edit Time Series Attribute window for precipitation data is shown in figure 6 7 Edit Time Series Attributes BAX Attribute DSN 1 ID DSN 1 Scenario PT OBS Location RCH1 Constituent F COLIFORM Description Hourly Time Units Hour 3 Time Step 1 Filelmported CAC2C Catchments 1 2 FIO Urban Coli Urba Add Attribute Figure 6 7 WDMUtil Time Serves Attributes e Click OK e Click the Write Time Series to WDM button outlined in red in figure 6 8 Figure 6 8 WDMUtil Write Time Series Tool o In the Write to WDM dialogue assign an Output DSN value based on the next available number from the stored time series e Repeat the import process for all point source csv files that represent sub catchments in the opened wsd HSPF catchment model project file e Repeat for the wdm project files of all HSPF catchment models 51 7 Create HSPF Model Part 2 FIO e If not already open open WinHSPF and load the saved HSPF model File gt Open 7 1 Add Pollutant a e Click the Pollutant Selection button e Inthe Pollutant Selection window select F COLIFORM from the Available pollutants list and click Add
106. se grid squares are then further aggregated into a coarser resolution to ensure anonymity of the data The smallest resolution of the final agcensus data available is in 2km grid squares this is the dataset used for C2C BIT calculations The most recent agcensus data is based on agricultural survey data from 2010 The agcensus data is provided in tabular spreadsheet form Each row contains values for a range of surveyed elements which have been aggregated to a 2km by 2km grid square Coordinates are provided which give the location of the South West bottom left corner of the agcensus grid square The following describes the steps undertaken to extract the relevant information from the agcensus data convert the data to a spatial format and then combine the agcensus grid with the HSPF catchments and sub catchments This provides a means by which animal counts can be apportioned by area and then summed for each sub catchment Ultimately this provides the animal numbers required for entry into the BIT spreadsheet e Create a new spreadsheet of data from the original agcensus data table containing data for the following o Easting X coordinate Northing Y coordinate Beef Cattle Dairy Cattle Sheep Pigs Horses Other o Chickens e lf totals are not available for individual livestock types then you may have to sum different groups to create one For example cattle are grouped by gender age and purpose intended for breeding etc These need to b
107. ssing method section 3 2 2 Calculations are undertaken in ArcMap in order to create the wsd Watershed HSPF input file Further detail can be found in Appendix B e HSPF Land Use Category o The HSPF land use categories present in each model sub catchment o Taken from the HSPF land use file section 3 4 and 3 6 and processed using a combination of clip union and dissolve geoprocessing tools to create multipart features which are represented by a single attribute record per land use category per sub catchment o Areas representing he HSPF category Built up areas are duplicated and their calculated area halved to represent a 50 split between impervious and pervious land type e Sub catchment Average Slope o The average percent rise slope within the sub catchments o Uses the Slope grid in percent rise that has been calculated from the DEM using the Slope Tool used for Reach Average Slope o The Zonal Statistics as Table tool is used to extract average slope from the Slope grid where it coincides with the Catchment shapefile HSPF sub catchment features o The table containing the average slope values per sub catchment reach is joined to the Catchment shapefile by their sub catchment IDs and the average slope is transferred to a new field float type and is divided by 100 to put the values in a range of 0 and 1 instead of O and 100 e Sub catchment Area o The area of each HSPF sub catchment in acres o Creation of a ne
108. t is entered on a new row The number of decimal places varies with column the formatting was matched to the outputs produced by BASINS for consistency and compatibility LU Name Type l Impervious 2 Pervious Watershd ID Area Slope Distance Arable amp horticultural 2 1 181 0 0 023937 0 0000 Arable amp horticultural 2 2 467 1 0 029466 0 0000 Arable amp horticultural 2 3 268 8 0 032704 0 0000 Arable amp horticultural 2 5 185 8 0 025124 0 0000 Arable amp horticultural 2 6 22549 0 017593 0 0000 Arable amp horticultural 2 7 20064 0 016834 0 0000 Built up areas 1 1 52 6 0 023937 0 0000 Built up areas 1 2 281 4 0 029466 0 0000 Built up areas 1 3 11 4 0 032704 0 0000 Built up areas 1 5 86 2 0 025124 0 0000 Built up areas 1 6 65 8 0 017593 0 0000 Built up areas il 7 64 5 0 016834 0 0000 Coast Sea 2 7 64 4 0 016834 0 0000 Grassland 2 1 407 8 0 023937 0 0000 Grassland 2 2 5A 3 0 029466 0 0000 Grassland 2 3 414 1 0 032704 0 0000 Grassland 2 4 2 5 0 035626 0 0000 Grassland 2 5 851 2 0 025124 0 0000 87 Grassland Grassland Mountain Mountain Mountain Water Woodland Woodland Woodland Woodland Woodland Built up Built up Built up Built up Built up Built up heath heath heath 2 MM NN LN areas areas areas areas areas areas 2 2 790 0 0 017593 0 0000 639 1 0 016834 0 0000 bog 2 2 33 6 0 029466
109. tchment is entered on a new row The number of decimal places varies with column the formatting was matched to the outputs produced by BASINS for consistency and compatibility Reach Number Length ft Mean Depth ft Mean Width ft Mannings Roughness Coeff Long Slope Type of x section Side slope of upper FP left Side slope of lower FP left Zero slope FP width left ft Side slope of channel left Side slope of channel right Zero slope FP width right ft Side slope lower FP right Side slope upper FP right Channel Depth ft Flood side slope change at depth Max depth No of exits Fraction of flow through exit 1 Fraction of flow through exit 2 Fraction of flow through exit 3 Fraction of flow through exit 4 Fraction of flow through exit 5 1 3686 5 00000 30 00000 0 05 0 01249 Trapezoidal 30 000 1 1 30 000 2500 9 3750 312 500 5213 5 00000 30 00000 0 05 0 00905 Trapezoidal 0 5 0 5 30 000 1 1 30 000 0 5 0 5 6 2500 9 3750 312 500 11000 0 10801 5 00000 30 00000 0 05 0 12221 Trapezoidal 0 5 0 5 30 000 1 1 30 000 0 5 0 5 6 2500 9 3750 312 500 11000 0 0 5 0 5 0 55 0523 16 110000 3 4464 5 00000 30 00000 0 05 0 00844 Trapezoidal 0 5 0 5 30 000 1 1 30 000 0 5 0 5 6 2500 9 3750 312 500 11000 0 2 9755 5 00000 30 00000 0 05 0 02327 Trapezoidal 0 5 0 5 30 000 1 1 30 000 0 5 0 5 6 2500 9 3750 312 500 110000 4 415 5 00000 30 00000 0 05 0 03414 Trapezoidal 0 5 0 5 30 000 1 1 30 000 0 5 0 5 6 2500 9 3750 312 5
110. tershed Delineation gt Automatic Fill out the form as in figure 3 3 with the exception of of cells leave that as the value set by the BASINS software Automatic Watershed Delineation x Setup and Preprocessing Elevation Units Base Elevation Data DEM Layer Meters DEM iv Burn in Existing Stream Polpline Rivers M Use a Focusing Mask Use Current View Extents for Mask Use Grid or Shapefile for Mask Catchment x Select Mask 3 selected Use Existing Intermediate Files Network Delineation by Threshold Method 3000 of Cells sq mi v Use Existing Intermediate Files Custom Outlet Inlet Definition and Delineation Completion Tis wake i Cis Hineciock cr gt C Use a Custom Outlets Inlets Layer given point before being desian The lower the number the mor Select a Point Shapefile then Select or Draw Outlets Inllsub basins will be developed Min 193 Max 193234 Draw Outlets Inlets Select Outlets Inlets 0 selecte Snap Threshold 300 0000 Advanced Settings Run All Figure 3 3 BASINS Automatic Watershed Delineation e Check Advanced Settings for more options if you wish e Click Run All e Note If errors occur in the processing of the sub catchments either software based with error message windows or in the shape of the expected sub catchment delineations e g areas for the model catchment not covered by sub catchments then inspect the DEM and consider using the Arc Hydro ma
111. tor gt lt Name gt lt Name gt x x RCHRES ROFLOW RCHRES INFLOW END MASS LINK 3 ND MASS LINK Eal mi Z 0 RUN 100 Appendix H Additional Resources Ordnance Survey Coordinate transformation tool http www ordnancesurvey co uk gps transformation BASINS HSPF BASINS User Manual http water epa gov scitech datait models basins userinfo cfm manuals BASINS Tutorials and Training http water epa gov scitech datait models basins userinfo cfm tutorials Of direct relevance Lecture 1 Lecture 2 Lecture 3 Exercise 2 Lecture 4 Exercise 3 Lecture 8 Exercise 4 Exercise 5 Exercise 6 Exercise 7 Lecture 12 Exercise 10 Lecture 15 Appendix B Appendix C Appendix D Appendix F Introduction to BASINS PDF Introduction to the HSPF Model PDF Watershed Delineation PDF Manual and Automatic Watershed Delineation PDF Weather Data and WDM Utility PDF WDM Utility PDF Watershed Segmentation PDF Introduction to HSPF and GenScn PDF Segmentation PDF WinHSPF Hydrology Calibration PDF HSPEXP PDF Water Quality Modeling Temperature Sediment and General Constituents PDF Bacteria and Temperature PDF Watershed Model Calibration and Validation PDF Connecting Exercise 4 to Exercise 5 Begin Hydrology Calibration PDF Calculating Observed Flow Volumes for Calibration PDF Downloading HSPEXP PDF Manually Adding Temperature a
112. ub catchments other versions of the WinHSPF software will have the connections between the sub catchments visible along with a bar chart indicating the land use breakdown for each sub catchment The model can be configured using the buttons on the toolbar on the top Parameters for the model can be changed and inspected by double clicking on each sub catchment in the main window 32 5 4 Set Model Simulation Time and Met Segments e Click the Simulation Time and Meteorological Data button e Enter the start date and time as 2003 01 01 00 00 e Enter the end date and time as 2012 12 30 00 00 Reason The dates are encompassed in the temporal range of all of the rain gauge and potential evapotranspiration data and provide sufficient run in time for the model to be accurate for the chosen 2012 analysis year The end date was limited by the data that was available for potential evapotranspiration rain gauge data went beyond that date e The Simulation Time and Meteorological Data window will appear similar to figure 5 4 wa WinHSPF Simulation Time and Meteorolog BAX FOOTHOLM FOOTHOLM FOOTHOLM FOOTHOLM FOOTHOLM FOOTHOLM FOOTHOLM FOOTHOLM FOOTHOLM FOOTHOLM FOOTHOLM Connections Met Seg ID Day Edit Operation PERLND 11 PERLND 12 PERLND 13 PERLND 14 PERLND 15 PERLND 16 IMPLND 11 PERLND 241 PERLND 243 PERLND 245 PERLND 221 st 203 1f if of o Eni m2 12 wf of o Met Segments
113. ure 5 16 WinHSPF Save New Changes amp Run e Click Save Run to save and run the model e You can also save the model without running it by going to File gt Save or File gt Save As Al 6 FIO FIO data is entered into the model separately for rural and urban regions Rural FIO accumulation is undertaken using the U S EPA Bacteria Indicator Tool BIT spreadsheet which takes a range of data and reference values and uses them to quantify bacteria contribution from multiple sources The urban data is produced by Will Shepherd in WP1 using the InfoWorks model FIO data in the form of E Coli and Confirmed Enterococci are provided as time series data inputs which can be added as point sources to the HSPF model 6 1 Bacteria Indicator Tool The Bacteria Indicator Tool is a tool provided by the U S EPA in the form of a spreadsheet The spreadsheet contains a series of worksheets which cover land use animal populations manure application and grazing habits The user inputs values for these factors which are then combined with reference bacteria accumulation rates from literature to calculate bacteria accumulation for the model catchment Additional worksheets to represent direct bacteria input to streams by cattle and contributions from failing septic tanks are also included these can be entered into the HSPF model as point source inputs A full set of documentation for the BIT spreadsheet as well as the spreadsheet itself and working examples
114. use numbers for the specific model need to be entered These can be found by inspecting the OpNum and Description columns in the Edit PERLND MON SQOLIM window Figure 7 7 The land use number corresponds to the final number the furthest right character in the OpNum Note The Land use numbers will be the same as those used for MON ACCUM for the same model so these can be reused 57 a Edit PERLND MON SQOLIM B 1 HSPF landuse No Check j Show Description 2 Arable amp horticultur 3 Grassland OpNum Description SQOJAN 4 Built up areas 11 Grassland 2000000 5 Mountain heath bog 12 Mountain heath bog 2000000 6 Woodland 13 Woodland 2000000 7 Water 14 Built up areas 2000000 8 Coast sea 15 Arable amp horticultural 2000000 9 16 Water 2800000 M gt MON SQOLIM Monthly HSF Figure 7 7 OpNum and Land Use description in WinHSPF Edit PERLND SQOLIM Window Compared with Equivalent HSPF Landuse No in the MON SQOLIM worksheet of O O O the BIT Spreadsheet Note OpNum values will be the same for in the MON ACCUM and MON SQOLIM data input tables of the same model but may change between models or if recreating a model It is also important to ensure all land use categories within the model are accounted for In the example above the model does not have any Coast sea land use in any of the sub catchments In other cases you may have to scroll down in the Edit PER
115. w field Float type called Area to the Arc Hydro Catchment shapefile and populating the new field by calculating the area of each Catchment shapefile HSPF sub catchment feature in acres o Indicates if the land is impervious or pervious only relevant to the Built up areas HSPF land use category o Avalue of 1 impervious 2 pervious 25 4 2 2 HSPF Input File Formatting Once the processing and calculation of the necessary values for the creation of the HSPF input files in ArcMap has been completed the attribute tables of the DrainageLine shapefiles and Catchment shapefiles or the subsequently created WSD shapefiles if following the process detailed in Appendix B can be exported The exported attribute data can be opened in MS Excel which can then be used to sort the data into the correct order and add additional fields which contain a series of default values This data should be saved as a space delimited text file without header information The text files can then be opened and the header row inserted separately this is because the header row is comma delimited The exact formatting is described in Appendices C F and examples have been included for each of the four HSPF input files Care should be taken with speech marks that are required for certain text fields these can be added in Excel prior to saving as a text file and the variation in number of decimal places used for different fields The source of the contents
116. y o Enter aname for the output wdm file o Click Open e Set the Initial Met Station o Choose the most common rain gauge location from the sub catchments within the model catchment this saves work when assigning met segments later See Rain gauge location in section 3 3 1 e Set Model Segmentation o Check Individual e The WinHSPF Create Project should appear similar to the screenshot in figure 5 1 30 ua WinHSPF Create Project Files Select Het WDH Files Select Project WDH File Initial Met Station Select BASINS Watershed File C C2C HSPF4 01401_wsd GREAT HA Great Harwood LOG 1989 12 31 2013 12 HAIGHTON Haighton Reservoir LOG 19907172 201371 Individual C C2C HSPF Met C2C_MET wdm C C2C HSPFA01 Output 01 wdm Model Segmentation C Grouped Figure 5 1 e Click OK WinHSPF Create Project 5 2 Define Initial Met Segment An Initial Met Segment window opens For Precip and Pot Evap select the TSTYPE and Data Set values indicated in Table 5 1 by double clicking in the corresponding cell in the Initial Met Segment window and choosing the value from the drop down list Constituent TSTYPE Data Set Precio PREC rain gauge dataset location potential Pot Evap PEVT evapotranspiration dataset location Table 5 1 WinHSPF Initial Met Segment Data e Clear the TSTYPE entries for the remaining constituents by double clicking the correspo
117. y and Hydraulic Parameters for HSPF Advice of which parameters to change based on the differences between observed and modelled data is provided in Appendix A of the HSPEXP documentation Links to both documents are provided in Appendix H 11 1 1 Interactive and Automated Hydrological Calibration A semi automated calibration process is also possible with additional programmes and utilities such as HSPEXP and PEST HSPEXP is provides an interactive process to compare plots and statistics of observed values against simulated ones it also provides expert advice on which parameters should be changed to improve calibration Additional exercises and material regarding HSPEXP are provided in Appendix H See Exercise 7 and Appendix D in the BASINS Tutorials and Training and the HSPEXP section PEST is a software package that provides model independent parameter estimation and uncertainty analysis It is compatible with a modified version of the HSPF model such as the one used here and can automate the calibration process Further information is available for the links provided under the PEST section in Appendix H 11 1 2 Flow Data Conversion The HSPF model runs by default in imperial units It was decided that that should be maintained to avoid unforeseen conversion issues Input data was converted into the 70 relevant imperial units The output modelled data should be converted back to metric units for calibration e Conversion to ft s
118. y both an impervious and pervious entry The Built up areas are divided equally between the two types accordingly the areas are halved meaning that the sum of the pervious and impervious areas of Built up areas equals the total area for the Built up areas in the model sub catchment or sub catchments 83 Appendix C psr File Example The psr file stores Point Sources information It is a text file saved as XX psr where XX is the filename Note all HSPF input files must have the same filename and be stored in the same directory when creating an HSPF model in WinHSPF The psr input file is left as the default point sources used within the model are added as time series data in the model output wdm file and selected and marked in use in WinHSPF 0 FacilityName Npdes Cuseg Mi OrdinalNumber Pollutant Load lbs hr 84 Appendix D ptf File Example The ptf file store Channel Geometry information It is a text file saved as XX ptf where XX is the filename Note all HSPF input files must have the same filename and be stored in the same directory when creating an HSPF model in WinHSPF The example file below is for 7 sub catchments within the model The header row stored on one line it is word wrapped here is comma delimited with all header text qualified with speech marks The data entries are space delimited speech marks are not required for the data text entry The data for each sub ca

Rural HSPF modelling Technical Guide

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