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ReWaRD - Geocentrix

1. is Change whichever settings you wish and click OK to confirm the 106 ReW aRD 2 5 User M anual changes Settings given on the Advanced page should only be altered on the advice of Geocentrix s Technical Support team Defaults for engineering objects When you edit any of the engineering objects that ReW aRD provides you can call up default parameters for that object by clicking on the Defaults button on the right hand side of the object s property box ReWaRD takes the default parameters from the Registry and enters them onto whichever page of the property box is visible hidden pages are not affected If a parameter does not have a default setting in the Registry ReW aRD uses its factory default instead see below You can set the default parameters for any engineering object by going to its Defaults page and clicking the Set Defaults button Properties of Stage 2 Generated x Pee eee eee Supports Notes Defauts nia To save the properties of the curent object as defaults for all objects of this type click here Set Defaults va Defaults To reset the defaults for all objects of this type to their original Help values click here Reset Defaults Cancel x a 2 He is The properties of the object that you are currently editing are then saved to the Registry for later recall You can reset the default parameters for any engineering object by clicking the Reset Defaults butto
2. Undrained thickness 2m soil Soft firm clay Drained thickness 5m soil Medium coarse sand Provided you installed ReW aRD in its default folder you will find a copy of this worked example in its current state in the folder PROGRAM FILES GEOCENTRIX REWARD2 TUTORIAL 3 under the name STEP4 RWD Amending the borehole The W orkbook s Drawing Board displays two soil columns one on each side of the wall ReW aRD s Construction W izard has placed Borehole 1 which currently contains Layer 1 in both of these soil columns By adding Layers 2 to 5 to Borehole 1 you will get the same soil columns on both sides of the wall not only in Stage 4 but in all the stages where Borehole 1 is used To demonstrate this select Layers 2 to 5 in turn and drag them onto the W orkbook s Drawing Board for Stage 4 To drag a layer click on its name in the Stockyard s Existing O bjects pane hold the mouse button down and then move the mouse pointer across to the Workbook The cursor will change shape from amp as you do this When you let go of the mouse button the layer being dropped is added at the bottom of the borehole so it Is important that you do this in the right order Be careful not to drop the layer onto or above either of the soil columns since that will insert the layer into the appropriate borehole rather than append the layer at the bottom of the borehole If you drop the layers on the middle of the
3. Voice 44 0 1737 373963 Fax 44 0 1737 373980 E mail support geocentrix co uk Web www geocentrix co uk Please be at your computer and have your licence number ready when you call Alternatively you can write to the following address ReW aRD Technical Support Geocentrix Ltd Scenic House 54 W ilmot W ay Banstead Surrey SM 7 2PY United Kingdom Please quote your licence number on all correspondence Sales and marketing information For sales and marketing information about ReW aRD please contact ReW aRD Sales on the same numbers as above Chapter 2 Installing and starting ReW aRD 15 Chapter 2 Installing and starting ReW aRD ReW aRD can be installed to run on Windows 95 or Windows NT Although you can install the software on as many computers as you like you will only be able to run the program on those computers to which you attach the supplied security key Before you begin installing your copy of ReW aRD there are a few things you should check mM Examine the contents of your ReWaRD package to check we have sent you everything listed below Make sure you have the necessary hardware and software to run ReW aRD W hat s in the ReW aRD package The ReW aRD package includes the following items mM ReWaRD User Manual this document mM ReWaRD Reference M anual Geocentrix Software CD One security key dongle for each copy of the program you have purchased Instructions for install
4. In each case a box will appear from which Other Objects you can choose which object to create Chapter 7 The Stockyard 85 Create Water Table Select the abject to create E Constant i Hydrodynamic i Linear Seepage Select the one you want and choose OK An alternative and faster way to achieve the Gbiect above is to 7 Hydrostatic Constant Right click on an item in the O bject Types pane click on New and then choose which object to create from the fly out menu that appears see the picture alongside Hydrodynamic Linear Seepage Dry TET i Standing Existing objects Tidal The Existing O bjects pane lists the engineering objects you have created ReWaRD allows you to create an unlimited number of engineering objects W hen you click on one of the items listed in the Existing O bjects pane the Properties pane see below changes to show summary information for the selected object To choose which objects appear in the Existing O bjects pane To choose which objects appear in the Existing O bjects pane Select one of the options on the Stockyard s View menu WE Click on an item in the O bject Types pane To edit an existing object To edit the properties of an existing object 86 Mm Click on the object and then Properties of inverted ReW aRD 2 5 User M anual choose the Properties of Openisiokbook lt Name gt command on the Stockyard s Properties men
5. Type Hydrostatic Depth 11 5m Gradient 9 80665kPa m Density 1000kg m mbient pressure 80kPa The Stockyard is divided into three panes which list the engineering objects you can create the engineering objects you have already created and the properties of those objects Context sensitive pop up menus allow you to manipulate each object at the click of a button Chapter 7 describes the features of the Stockyard in detail and explains how you can use it to maximum effect in your design work Workbooks Although the Stockyard is where you create the engineering objects you need ReWaRD s Workbooks are where you use them to create designs Each Workbook encapsulates all the information that is relevant to a particular construction stage whether it is part Chapter 3 O verview 23 Tools of a sequence of stages or one of several what if scenarios Workbook Stage 4 Generated _ OW x 1250 f 10 h 0 5 10 15 al 10 ReW aRD s Workbooks are multi paged windows containing a Drawing Board several results and graph pages and a messages page The Drawing Board provides continuous visual feedback as you build each construction stage By presenting the results of its calculations on separate pages ReWaRD ensures that all the information you might want Is readily available without you being overwhelmed with numbers Chapter 8 describes the capabilities of REeW aRD s Workbooks in detail and explains h
6. Command from ReW aRD s File menu or the 60 ReW aRD 2 5 User M anual Print button on ReW aRD s Toolbar mM Select whatever print options you require and click the OK button to begin printing To can obtain a preview of the printed output mM Choose the Print Preview Command from ReWaRD s File menu or the Print button on ReW aRD s Toolbar A window similar to this appears ReWaRD 2 5 Professional Edition File Edit View Properties Calculate Design Tools Window Help Pages7 80f8 MORIE PIP ofoo lay x bending moment shear force W hat next Chapter 6 takes you through the design of a more complicated structure a multi propped cofferdam in mixed soils using the techniques introduced in Tutorials 1 and 2 Chapter 6 Tutorial 3 cofferdam in mixed soils 61 Chapter 6 Tutorial 3 cofferdam In mixed soils This tutorial helps you to get to grips with ReWaRD s more advanced features by building a multi propped cofferdam in a mixed soil profile The tutorial shows you how to mM Change the engineering objects generated by ReWaRD s Construction W izard m Add new engineering objects as needed mM Choose between the available design standards M Check the results of your calculations mM Customize the printed output W orked example The worked example is taken from CIRIA s Special Publication 95 The design and construction of sheet piled cofferdams by Williams and Waite 1993 Appendix B of tha
7. signs you can easily obtain whatever information you require from the calculations For example in the picture below you can see that The wall whose unplanned retained height is 4 5m requires a minimum toe depth of 8 1m Partial factors of 1 2 have been applied to the soil s coefficient of shearing resistance tan and effective cohesion c E An unplanned excavation of 10 of the retained height or 0 5m whichever is the greater has been applied M The overturning and restoring moments 402 kKNm m are in balance and hence the wall is in moment equilibrium Chapter 4 Tutorial 1 cantilever wall in sand 39 Workbook Stage 1 Generated El 2 At minimum safe embedment ki Retaining wall Si Name Wall Generated wolf Retained height 4 50 m Depth of toe 8 07085 m Pi ra Partial factors Ep Factors on actions kii Factors on maternal properties lf On shearing resistance 1 2 i On effective cohesion 1 2 olf On undrained strength 1 5 F Factors on resistance kii Safety margins on geometry if Unplanned excavation 10 of clear height but minimum of 0 5r wolf Softened formation Om 0 Factors on structural forces E 7 Moments TE Overturming 402 kNm m 0E Restoring 402 kNm m TE Qutof balance 0 kNm m on Restonng Overturning 100 olf The wall is in equilibrium 5 Reaction at wall toe 254 492 kN rm Designing to CIRIA 104 You can obtain corresponding results us
8. Defaults for engineering objects Factory defaults Chapter 11 Upgrading from previous Versions 00eee eee eee eee W hat s new or improved in ReWaRD 2 5 W hat s new or improved in ReW aRD 2 0 10 ReW aRD 2 5 User M anual Chapter 1 Introduction 11 Chapter 1 Introduction Welcome to ReWaRD the advanced retaining wall design program ReW aRD gives you the power to design a wide range of embedded retaining walls in a variety of soil types under an assortment of loading conditions ReW aRD is easy to learn and even easier to use You ll find all the things you need to design a retaining wall are only a few mouse clicks away and can be put together in moments ReW aRD s calculations are fast and its visual display is rich in detail and comprehensive in coverage This chapter of the ReWaRD User Manual outlines the contents of this book explains the conventions that are used herein and tells you what to do if you need help using the program About this book This User M anual is divided into the following chapters Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 2 Installing and starting ReWaRD Chapter 3 Overview Chapter 4 Tutorial 1 cantilever wall in sand Chapter 5 Tutorial 2 propped wall in stiff clay Chapter 6 Tutorial 3 cofferdam in mixed soils Chapter 7 The Stockyard Chapter 8 Workbooks Chapter 9 Producing reports Chapter10 Customizing the program Chapter11 Upgrading from previous versions 12 ReW aRD 2 5 User M an
9. When you create a new document or open an existing document ReWaRD creates a Stockyard view for that document You may then display as many Workbook views as you wish subject only to the limits of your computer s memory Status Bar The Status Bar displays summary information about the current document The Status Bar changes when you change the active view For example when a W orkbook s Drawing Board is selected the Status Bar displays the x y co ordinate of the mouse pointer which allows you to determine the location of any object on the Drawing Board When you select a menu command the Status Bar displays a brief description of that command The Stockyard ReWaRD s Stockyard is where you create and manage the engineering objects you will need to define your retaining wall project This is at the heart of ReW aRD s data entry system 22 ReW aRD 2 5 User M anual BH Stockyard Untitled Mi x Object Types SAE sisting Objects g All Objects f Water Table 1 Generated Construction Stage Water Table 2 Generated b Ground Profile le Excavation ii Water Table 3 Generated Soil Water Table 4 Generated i Layer Fi Water Table 5 Generated Borehole Jw ater Tabl f ijzubartesian water table ater lable O O BFR F i pumped water table W Surcharge Imposed Load Retaining Wall Ha Prop er Anchor Other Objects Properties of Selected Object Hame subartesian water table Hotes
10. Workbook Example C2 Largest factored bending moment 943 9 kNm m Largest factored bending moment 322 5 kN m The maximum bending moment in this case is 944 KN m m and the maximum shear force is 323 kN m These are design values Le they already include the appropriate safety factors which in the case Of CIRIA 104 are 1 5 If you switch to spreadsheet or table view by choosing Table from the Workbook s View menu you obtain the design prop force at 2m depth as 577 kN m CIRIA 104 on page 137 gives the maximum unfactored bending moment as 627 kKNm m corresponding to a design value of 940 kKNm m the maximum unfactored shear force as 216 kN m corresponding to a design value of 324 kN m and the prop force as 232 kN m corresponding to a design value of 580 kN m with a safety factor of 2 5 Thus CIRIA 104 and ReWaRD are in good agreement on these values the slight differences are due to rounding errors in CIRIA 104 s calculations 58 ReW aRD 2 5 User M anual Printing your results At this point you will want to obtain a hard copy of your result ReW aRD allows you to select exactly what you want to appear on your printed output You select which objects in the Stockyard should be printed by default all objects are selected mM You select which Workbooks should be printed by default no Workbooks are selected mM You select which results should be printed by default all results for each selected Workboo
11. bE lim meatal I Sti mal iii Me A Stage 2 Genera A Stage 3 General Stage 4 General Properties of Selected Object Name Stage 2 Generated Notes Type Construction Stage Term Short Objects on retained side Ground 1 Generated Wall 1 Generated Borehole 1 Generated Water Table 1 Generated Sub artesian water table Surcharge 1 s 4 Objects on excavated side Ad T Fi k B B E k E k E a xe e oT Selecting the design standard In this Tutorial you will work to the recommendations given in CIRIA Report 104 using the Gross Pressure M ethod To select this standard choose the CIRIA 104 Gross Pressure Method command from the Design menu You can review the settings for the selected standard by choosing the Properties Command from ReW aRD s Design menu Click on each of the tabs in turn to see what rules the program follows when performing its calculations When you reach the CIRIA 104 page 74 ReW aRD 2 5 User M anual select the Moderately Conservative design approach and Temporary Works condition W hen you have finished click O K to close the dialog box Provided you installed ReW aRD in its default folder you will find a copy of this worked example in its current state in the folder PROGRAM FILES GEOCENTRIX REWARD2 TUTORIAL 3 under the name STEP9 RWD Calculating earth pressures The term Earth pressures used in its generic sense includes
12. f Defaults elp acidi Note in the picture above the control with an arrow pointing downwards to the left of the up down spin buttons When the arrow points down R the value entered in the left hand box Is considered a depth measured downwards from ground level When the arrow points up 4 the value entered in the box is considered to be a level measured upwards from Ordnance Datum you can set ordnance datum via the Ordnance Datum command on the Properties menu If you click this button several times you will see the value toggle between a depth of 8m depth and a level of 8m relative to Ordnance Datum Chapter 5 Tutorial 2 propped wall in stiff clay 49 When you have dragged Excavation 1 onto the Workbook s Drawing Board your construction stage should look something like this Workbook Example C Provided you installed ReW aRD in its default folder you will find a copy of this worked example in its current state in the folder PROGRAM FILES GEOCENTRIX REWARD2 TUTORIAL 2 under the name STEP2 RWD Creating the wall Although you could create the wall via the Stockyard s Create menu or Toolbar as before instead try double clicking on the words Retaining Wall in the Stockyard s O bject Types pane In the dialog box that appears select Secant Pile and choose OK ReW aRD creates a new Secant Pile Wall and displays its property box Change the wall s toe depth to 20m and click OK to save
13. on ef On bending moments 1 5 ben wolf On shear forces 1 5 E EP On prop forces A 7 Moments ee SE Overtuming 317 kNen rni ce 4 Restoring 317 kNm m aes 2 Qut of balance 0 kNm m Besse i Restonng Overturning 100 Ss wolf The wall is in equilibrium ree 5 Reaction at wall toe 161 768 kNm k B k B k B N B A A Piel Es Conclusion The results obtained using two different design standards are summarized below Maximum bending moment 166 129 KN m m Maximum shear force kN m BS 8002 is more conservative than CIRIA 104 for this worked example particularly in terms of bending moments This is due mainly to the provision in BS 8002 of an unplanned excavation of 0 5m 4 ReWaRD 2 5 User Manual W hat next Chapter 5 show you how to build a project from scratch using ReW aRD s drag and drop design features and how to produce a printed report Chapter 6 takes you through the design of a more complicated structure a multi propped cofferdam in mixed soils using the techniques introduced in Tutorials 1 and 2 Chapter 5 Tutorial 2 propped wall in stiff clay 45 Chapter 5 Tutorial 2 propped wall in stiff clay This tutorial helps you to extend your knowledge of ReWaRD by designing a propped wall in stiff clay The tutorial shows you how to M Build a project from scratch without using the Construction W izard M Drag engineering objects from the Stockyard and drop them
14. onto a Workbook s Drawing Board WE Switching between short and long term stages and hence drained and undrained calculations Obtaining a printout of your input and output data W orked example The worked example is taken from CIRIA Report 104 Design of retaining walls embedded in stiff clays by Padfield and M air 1984 Appendix C of that document includes calculations for propped walls in stiff clay with and without seepage around the wall Example C 2 involves the design of a wall to support an 8m excavation in stiff clay The ground conditions at the site comprise an unspecified thickness of stiff clay y y 20 kN m 25 c 0 Groundwater is at 1m below ground level on the retained side of the wall and at 1m below formation level on the excavated side The wall type unspecified but assumed herein to be secant piled will form part of the temporary works and is supported by a prop at 2m below ground level You are required to calculate the wall s minimum depth of embedment the maximum bending momentand shear force in the wall and the force in the prop v and y unsaturated and saturated unit weights respectively angle of shearing resistance and c effective cohesion of the clay 46 ReW aRD 2 5 User M anual Creating a new project from scratch If ReWaRD is not already running double click on the ReW aRD icon to load the program into your computer s memory O nce the splash screen has
15. Calculate Al the wall that are in equilibrium and match the condition given on the Equilibrium page of the Design Standard s property box In this case earth pressures are calculated at the minimum safe embedment of the wall i e in equilibrium with safety factors applied Clear Results Clear Messages Reset Engine ReW aRD then uses these earth pressures to calculate the structural forces in the wall see the ReWaRD Reference M anual for further details and displays the structural forces on a picture of the construction stage 36 ReW aRD 2 5 User M anual 250 20 15 10 5 D 5 10 15 20 2 a Largest factored bending moment 166 3 kNm m Largest factored bending moment 254 5 kN m Seer ee See ee eee Cee ee ee ee eee eee Cee eee Te ee eee Tee eee 20 Bending moments are shown by a dark blue solid line and shear forces by a light blue dashed line Maximum values of each are noted on the diagram these are design values i e they already include appropriate safety factors which in the case of BS 8002 are 1 0 The dashed red line on the right hand side of the picture indicates the unplanned excavation that ReW aRD has applied in accordance with BS 8002 You can view the earth pressures used to calculate these structural forces by choosing the appropriate command from the W orkbook s View gt Earth Pressures menu You should choose the At M inimum Safe Embedment command since these are the earth pressures used in th
16. Cancel f Defaults Max Depth of Tension Crack Tension crack limited to the retained height Help Cantilever Toe In zi a Click on each of the tabs in turn to see what rules the program follows when it performs its calculations In particular note the partial factors that are applied to the soil s drained parameters Eritish Standard 8002 Shearing Resistance tan phil Effective Cohesion c Partial Factors on Undrained Parameters Undrained Strength Cu H 15 On the Equilibrium page note that equilibrium conditions are set to At minimum safe embedment see the ReWaRD Reference Manual for further information about what this means The significance of this will become apparent later in the tutorial Click Cancel to close this box when you have finished Chapter 4 Tutorial 1 cantilever wall in sand 35 Calculating structural forces Once you have defined a valid construction stage and have selected the design standard you wish to use you are ready to calculate structural forces in the wall Mm f necessary click on the Workbook to Validate Data make it active Mm Choose the Structural Forces command on the Workbook s Calculate menu Or Click on the Calculate Structural Forces button on the Workbook s Toolbar Earth Pressures d Required E mbedment Structural Forces Pecks BnvelGpe Ease Stability En AGETTeh te Durability ReW aRD calculates earth pressures against
17. Click OK to confirm the soil s properties Provided you installed ReW aRD in its default folder you will find a copy of this worked example in its current state in the folder PROGRAM FILES GEOCENTRIX REWARD2 TUTORIAL 3 under the name STEP3 RWD Adding the missing layers Now that all the necessary soils have been created you can use these to define the layers at the site To display the layer that the Construction W izard has created for you click on Layer in the Stockyard s O bject Types pane Double click on the layer to display its property sheet then On the General page change the layer s name to Layer 1 M On the Properties page change the layer s thickness to 4m and select Sand and gravel as the soil Click OK to confirm the layer s properties The soil columns on the Drawing Board of each W orkbook change to reflect the new layer thickness To create a new layer Right click on Layer in the Stockyard s O bjects Types pane Choose New Undrained on the pop up menu that appears ReW aRD displays a property sheet for the newly created layer On the Properties page change the layer s thickness to 2 5m and select Firm clay as the soil note how ReWakRD only displays those soils that can be treated as undrained Click OK to confirm the layer s properties 68 ReW aRD 2 5 User M anual Now create three other layers with the following properties mM Drained thickness 3m soil Silty sand
18. Design Tools windo L Help CE eal oir AE 2 SSI be i isla Ik m m hh hr i a Workbook Stage 1 Generated Obiect Tapez rect Objects 1 Workbook Stage 2 Generated Op x F Construction SEY A Stage 1 Generat t Ground Profile A Stage 2 6 i SIR p Workbook Stage 3 Generated O x age enerat la Excavation AERE ga Workbook Stage 4 Generated Ioj xi amp Soil A Stage 3 Generat 10 a A s 10 10 5 0 10 i Layer Stage 4 Generat ESI F Borehole Water Table W Surcharge Imposed Load z Retaining Wall w Prop ar Anchor x 2 MaL e MLS 2 Properties of Selected Object Name Stage 4 Generated Notes Type Construction Stage Term Long Objects on retained side Ground 1 Generated Wall 1 Generated Borehole 1 Generated Water Table 1 Generated Objects on excavated side Excavation 4 Generated Water Table 5 Generated Rorehole 1 Generated T Before proceeding further save your work aS TUTORIAL3 Provided you installed ReW aRD in its default folder you will find a copy of this worked example in its current state in the folder PROGRAM FILES GEOCENTRIX REWARD2 TUTORIAL 3 under the name STEP1 RWD Modifying the project ReW aRD s Construction Wizard has automated a lot of the work you would normally have to do to create a multi propped retaining wall project but it has still left you with some things you need to c
19. Drawing Board they automatically appear at the bottom of the borehole If you make a mistake you can drag a layer out of the borehole and return it to the Stockyard in the same way Chapter 6 Tutorial 3 cofferdam in mixed soils 69 File Edit View Properties Calculate Design Tools Window Help eaj aali dal olx Ra pe so Lo es ects All Objects 2 Construction S Name Layer 5 Notes Type Drained Thickness 5m Soil Medium coarse sand Dip 0 OCR 1 Not rigid Tension crack Flooded Limiting coefficients s specified in design standard t rest coefficient 4 enercified in desian standard T ak E k E k E k B tt a W hen you have finished this bring the W orkbook for Stage 2 to the front of the screen by clicking on it or by choosing Workbook Stage 2 Generated from ReW aRD s Window menu N ote thatthe soil columns for Stage 2 have been updated to correspond with those for Stage 4 Provided you installed ReW aRD in its default folder you will find a copy of this worked example in its current state in the folder PROGRAM FILES GEOCENTRIX REWARD2 TUTORIAL 3 under the name STEP5 RWD Extending the wall and moving the top prop The next task is to provide the retaining wall with an upstand so that the top prop can be placed at 0 5m above ground level To display the wall that the Construction W izard has created for you click on Retaining Wall in the Stoc
20. Piling Handbook 25 On line help 25 To open ReW aRD s on line help 26 Chapter 4 Tutorial 1 cantilever wall in sand 0000eeeeeeenaee 27 Worked example 27 U sing the Construction W izard to create a new project 27 Step 1 28 Step 2 29 Step 3 29 Step 4 30 Step 5 30 Step 6 31 W hat the Construction W izard has done for you 32 Choosing a design standard 33 Designing to BS 8002 33 Calculating structural forces 35 Checking the required embedment 38 Designing to CIRIA 104 39 Calculating structural forces 40 Checking the required embedment 42 Conclusion 43 W hat next 44 Chapter 5 Tutorial 2 propped wall in stiff clay 000 cece eee 45 Worked example 45 Creating a new project from scratch 46 Creating a construction stage 46 Creating the ground geometry 47 Creating the wall 49 Creating a soil column 50 Adding the remaining objects 52 Table of contents Designing to CIRIA 104 Calculating the required embedment Calculating structural forces Printing your results W hat next Chapter 6 Tutorial 3 cofferdam in mixed soils Worked example Using the Construction W izard to create a new project Step 1 specify the finished geometry Step 2 enter the depths of the props Step 3 enter the properties of the predominant soil type Step 4 choose the type of retaining wall Step 5 where do you want water tables Step 6 go M odifying the project Changing the depths of the excavations Adding the missi
21. Rulers Hide Soil Columns Hide Datum Lines Similarly you can edit i e cut copy paste or delete an object By selecting the object and choosing one of the commands on the W orkbook s Edit menu mM Or Byselecting the object clicking the right mouse button and choosing one of the editing commands on the pop up menu that appears see the picture above Chapter 8 Workbooks 97 mM Or By selecting the object and pressing one of the shortcut keys Ctr1 x to Cut Ctrl C to copy or Del to delete mM Or By selecting the object and then clicking one of the editing buttons cut or copy on the Workbook s Toolbar N ote that when you cut or delete an object from a Drawing Board it is only removed from the associated construction stage it is not cut or deleted from the Stockyard Changing the scale You can change the scale of the drawing on the Drawing Board mM By choosing the Zoom In or Zoom Out 4 15 commands on the Tools 1435 menu and then clicking on the Drawing Board 1 50 to change the scale up or down a level 1 100 Or By clicking the Zoom In or Zoom Out 1 250 buttons on the Workbooks Toolbar and then sea clicking on the Drawing Board to change the 1 1000 scale up or down a level 1 2500 E Or By right clicking on one of the rulers and 1 5000 choosing the scale you want from those listed on the pop up menu that appears see the picture alongside Hide Rulers When you choose one of the Zoom c
22. aRD s Construction W izard appears on your screen The Construction W izard asks you anumber of questions about the retaining wall project you want to create and then generates a project according to your answers In Step 1 the Construction W izard asks you to specify the finished geometry of the retaining structure Construction Wizard Ea Step 1 Please specify the finished geometry of the i Ee retaining structure f Cantilever t Propped Cantilever C Double propped Multi propped x Cancel Number of Props fo JE Retained Height 4 m If not already selected click on the Cantilever option The number of props changes to 0 and the picture shows a cantilever wall Change the retained height to 4m and click Next to continue Chapter 4 Tutorial 1 cantilever wall in sand 29 Step 2 Step 3 In Step 2 the Construction W izard asks you to enter the depths of the props Since there are no props in this worked example click Next to continue Construction Wizard Step 2 Please enter the depths of the props fs b Next qd Previous M Cancel E T None go on to Step 3 gt x Go In Step 3 the Construction W izard asks you to enter the properties of the predominant soil type Construction Wizard i Select Sand from the Soil Type box leave the wet density at its default value and enter a dry density of 1733 kg m which is equivalent to 17 kN m
23. and choose New Linear Seepage on the menu that appears mM ReWaRD creates a new Linear Seepage Water Table and displays its property box M On the Properties page change the depth to 1m Click on the OK button to confirm the water table s properties mM Drag the water table onto the Workbook s Drawing Board making sure that you drop in on the retained side of the wall if you get this wrong just drag the water table off the Drawing Board and drop it back into the Stockyard To add the second water table repeat the instructions given above but change the depth to 9m and drop the water table on the excavated side of the wall To add the prop M Right click on the word Prop in the Stockyard s O bject Types pane and choose New Horizontal on the menu that appears Mm ReWaRD creates a new Horizontal Prop and displays its property box On the Dimensions page change the depth to 2m Click on the OK button to confirm the prop s properties Drag the prop onto the Workbook s Drawing Board The Drawing Board now looks something like this 54 ReWaRD 2 5 User M anual Workbook Example C2 k E k E k E A E b b Provided you installed ReW aRD in its default folder you will find a copy of this worked example in its current state in the folder PROGRAM FILES GEOCENTRIX REWARD2 TUTORIAL 2 under the name STEP5 RWD Designing to CIRIA 104 Tutorial 1 discussed ReWaRD s support for different UK and internati
24. ater Table 1 to display its property sheet On the General page change the water tables s name to Pumped water table this water table will be used to replace the sub artesian water table from Stage 3 onwards M On the Connectivity page set the Ambient Pressure to 0kPa Click OK to confirm the water table s properties Bring the Workbook for Stage 3 to the front of the other W orkbooks by recourse to the Windows menu if necessary and drag the pumped water table onto both sides of the wall Change the depth of Water Table 4 to 7 5m Repeat for Stage 4 Provided you installed ReW aRD in its default folder you will find a copy of this worked example in its current state in the folder PROGRAM FILES GEOCENTRIX REWARD2 TUTORIAL 3 under the name STEP7 RWD Adding a surcharge The final task is to add a surcharge at the top of the wall To create a new surcharge 72 ReW aRD 2 5 User M anual M Right click on Surcharge in the Stockyard s O bjects Types pane Choose New gt Uniform on the pop up menu that appears M ReWaRD displays a property sheet for the newly created surcharge mM If necessary On the Loading page change the surcharge type to HA Loading Click OK to confirm the surcharge s properties Now add the new surcharge to Stages 2 4 by choosing Tile from ReW aRD s Windows menu and then dragging the surcharge from the Stockyard s Existing Objects Pane and dropping it on the Drawin
25. excavated side of the wall do begin at formation level this is because CIRIA 104 does not require a minimum unplanned excavation to be considered Checking the required embedment To calculate the required embedment of the wall choose the Required Embedment command from the W orkbook s Calculate menu The results are displayed in a hierarchical tree view By expanding the appropriate nodes you can can see that The wall whose retained height is 4 0m requires a minimum toe depth of 7 9m mM Partial factors of 1 5 2 0 have been applied to the resisting effective pressures i e passive pressures WE Partial factors of 1 5 have been applied to the resulting bending moments and shear forces M The overturning and restoring moments 317 KNm m are in balance and hence the wall is in moment equilibrium Chapter 4 Tutorial 1 cantilever wall in sand 43 ge Workbook Stage 1 Generated Ej k At minimum safe embedment Eh 6 Retaining wall Si Name Wall Generated reres wolf Retained height 4 00 m Depth of toe 7 89114 m i ro Partial factors i E Factors on actions 5 ti Factors on maternal properties FI kii Factors on resistance a ff On effective earth pressures 1 5 phi lt 20 2 phi gt 30 olf On total earth pressures 2 oi Safety Factor on resistance applied via Gross passive pressures 2s olf Minimum active pressure 5kP a m F Safety margins on geometry Be kii Factors on structural forces
26. from the Existing O bjects pane and repeat the instructions given above but change this excavation s depth to 7 5m Finally select Excavation 4 from the Existing Objects pane and repeat the instructions given above in this case there is no need to change the excavation s depth since it is already 8 5m Provided you installed ReW aRD in its default folder you will find a copy of this worked example in its current state in the folder PROGRAM FILES GEOCENTRIX REWARD2 TUTORIAL 3 under the name STEP2 RWD Adding the missing soils To model the ground conditions at the site we must first create a number of soils 66 ReW aRD 2 5 User M anual To display the soil that the Construction W izard has already created for you click on Soil in the Stockyard s Object Types pane Double click on the soil to display its property sheet then On the General page change the soil s name to Sand and gravel On the Classification page leave the soil s classification as U nclassified U nspecified Onthe Density W eight page click on the Unit Weight button if not already selected and then change the soil s saturated weight to 20 3 kN m and its unsaturated weight to 18 kN m Answer Yes to any warning messages asking you to confirm the values entered On the Effective Stress page leave this soil s angle of friction as 35 and its effective cohesion as zero On the Notes page enter any notes about this soil that you wa
27. generate the project The Construction W izard creates the engineering objects needed to define the project fills its Stockyard with these objects and then displays the Workbook associated with Construction Stage 1 At this moment your screen should look something like this 32 ReW aRD 2 5 User M anual ReWaRD 2 5 Professional Edition Iof x File Edit View Create Properties Design Tools Window Help Aal all Sq Eel Ol 2 be lee a Motel Slice ef ele Bel a Objects on retained side Ground 1 Genera ted Wall 1 General ted Borehole 1 Generated 1640 1770 W hat the Construction W izard has done for you ReW aRD s Construction W izard has automated a lot of the tasks you would normally have to perform to setup a retaining wall project from scratch It has created a total of seven engineering objects which you can view by clicking on All Objects in the Stockyard s O bjects Type pane Horizontal ground surface E Diaphragm wall 0 6m thick mM Sand with appropriate properties E Drained layer containing the sand Borehole containing the layer Construction stage containing all the other objects M Horizontal excavation at 4m depth You can review the properties of these obejcts by clicking on them in turn and looking at the pane labelled Properties of Selected O bject At this point it is a good idea to save your work which you can do by choosing the Save As command from th
28. on line help system U ser manual The ReWaRD User Manual this book explains how to install and use ReW aRD It includes a n overview of the program a tutorial and separate chapters giving detailed information about ReW aRD s Stockyard and Workbooks Reference manual The ReWaRD Reference Manual gives detailed information about the calculations ReW aRD performs The manual assumes you have a working knowledge of the geotechnical design of embedded retaining walls ReW aRD s help system ReW aRD s help system contains detailed information about the program Help appears in a separate window with its own controls Help topics that explain how to accomplish a task appear in windows that you can leave displayed while you follow the procedure To open the help system M Press F1 Click the Help button in any dialog box E Choose acommand from the Help menu If you need assistance with using on line help choose the How To Use Help command from the Help menu Tooltips If you pause while passing the mouse pointer over an object such as a toolbar button ReW aRD displays the name of that object This feature called tooltips makes it easier for you to identify what you see and to find what you need 14 ReW aRD 2 5 User M anual Technical support Technical support for ReW aRD is available direct from G eocentrix or through your local distributor If you require technical support please contact Geocentrix by any of these means
29. select Prop 3 and change its depth to 6 5m Click Next to continue Step 3 enter the properties of the predominant soil type In this example the sand and gravel and the medium coarse sand have identical properties and hence it Is appropriate to choose them as the predominant soil type You will add the other soils later Select Sand from the Soil Type box and enter a wet density of 2069kg m which is equivalent to 20 3KN m3 a dry density of 1766kg m 18kN m and an angle of friction of 35 Although not shown the Construction Wizard automatically sets the soil s effective cohesion to zero Click Next to continue Step 4 choose the type of retaining wall If it is not already selected select Sheet Pile from the Wall Type box select Larssen from the Range box and 16W from the Section box Click Next to continue Step 5 where do you want water tables If it is not already selected select the Both Sides option and click Next to continue Step 6 go When you are ready click on Go to generate the project The Construction Wizard creates a new document fills its Stockyard with the objects needed to create your project and then generates four construction stages and displays their associated W orkbooks on the right hand side of the Stockyard At this point your screen should look something like this 64 ReW aRD 2 5 User M anual ReWaRD 2 5 Professional Edition OF x File Edit View Properties Calculate
30. 16 oe 6 50 of A 349 25 67 05 30 04 14 71 63 55 By default ReW aRD displays the design pressures on the wall see the ReWaRD Reference M anual for further information You can change what ReW aRD displays in the table by choosing one of the commands on the bottom half of the View Earth Pressures fly out menu All Coefficients Soils Stresses Surcharge Pressures Design Pressures Custom Calculating required embedment To determine whether the ground offers sufficient passive resistance to prevent the retaining wall from overturning choose the Required Embedment command from the Workbook s Calculate menu ReW aRD displays detailed information pertaining 78 Calculating ReW aRD 2 5 User M anual to the wall s stability in a hierarchical tree view If you expand various nodes by clicking on the signs you get additional information about the wall s embedment the safety factors used in the calculations the calculated overturning and restoring moments etc The key piece of information in this view is the depth of the wall toe at the minimum safe embedment which in this case is 8 4m as shown below Workbook Stage 2 Generated n E k At minimum sate embedment A a Retaining Wall o Si Name Wall Generated wf Retained height 5 00 m _ Depth of toe 6 47251 m 5 4 Partial Factors H ti Factors on actions E Factors on material properties A 9 Factors on resistance eel On effec
31. 2 5 User M anual W hat next Chapters 7 and 8 give more detailed information about ReW aRD s Stockyard and Workbooks Here you will learn how to increase your efficiency in using ReW aRD s Integrated Design Environment When you have completed your design you will want to obtain a printout of your results Chapter 9 gives instructions for customizing ReW aRD s printing capabilities Once you become familiar with ReW aRD s capabilities you will doubtless want to customize its many options Chapter 10 explains how to do this Chapter 11 has some useful information for those users who have upgraded to the current program from a previous version of ReW aRD Chapter 7 The Stockyard 83 Chapter 7 The Stockyard ReW aRD s Stockyard allows you to create edit copy paste and duplicate engineering objects with the greatest of ease B8 Stockyard tst04 Object Types FSAI Objects ai Construction Stage bw Ground Profile la Excavation Soil Bie Es Existing Objects 4 custom sail a drained layer gravel Ed undrained layer cohesr g hydrostatic i Layer i constant I B Borehole i hydrodynamic Water Table per W Surcharge Imposed Load Retaining Wall Ha Prop ar Anchor g Other Objects x dry Bg standing Wall 1 ee Wall 2 Properties of Selected Object Hame linear seepage Hotes Type Linear Seepage Depth 2m Gradient 9 80665kPa m Den
32. ReVW aRD Version 2 5 User M anual RETAINING WALL DESIGN ReW aRD 2 5 User M anual Information in this document is subject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment on the part of Geocentrix Ltd The software described in this document is furnished under a licence agreement or non disclosure agreement and may be used or copied only in accordance with the terms of that agreement It is against the law to copy the software except as specifically allowed in the licence or non disclosure agreement No part of this manual may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical including photocopying and recording for any purpose without the express written permission of Geocentrix Ltd 1992 2000 Geocentrix Ltd All rights reserved Geocentrix and ReW aRD are registered trademarks of G eocentrix Ltd Frodingham and Larssen are registered trademarks of Corus plc in the United Kingdom Microsoft and Windows are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation IBM isa registered trademark of International Business Machines Corp Other brand or product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders Set in O ptimum using Corel WordPerfect 8 0 Service Release 3 9 00 Printed in the UK Acknowledgements 3 Acknowledgments ReW aRD 2 5 was designed and written by Dr Andrew Bond and lan Spencer of Geocentrix Ltd The program was originally commissioned
33. and an angle of friction of 35 Although not shown the Construction W izard automatically sets the soil s effective cohesion to zero It doesn t matter what value 30 Step 4 Step 5 ReW aRD 2 5 User M anual you enter for the wet density since this will not be used in this example Click Next to continue In Step 4 the Construction W izard asks you to choose the type of retaining wall you want to use Construction Wizard Ea Step 4 Please choose the type of retaining wall Wall Type Diaphragm z Width E00 T mm If it is not already selected select Diaphragm from the Wall Type box and 600 mm in the Width box Click Next to continue In Step 5 the Construction Wizard asks you on which side of the wall you want water tables Construction Wizard E4 Step 5 On which side of the wall do you want eae water tables _ Retained Side Only C Excayated Side Only Neither Side M Cancel ee eee Chapter 4 Tutorial 1 cantilever wall in sand 31 Step 6 Select Neither Side and click Next to continue Step 6 is where you instruct the Construction W izard to generate your project If you want to review the information you have entered in Steps 1 5 you can do so by clicking on the Previous and Next buttons in succession Construction Wizard Step 6 Choose Go to generate the project 4 Previous Cancel Help ti When you are ready click on Go to
34. bel of the Workbook A i Bhi hil A teil WE Clicking on any of the view Tajda lx in li buttons on the Workbook s Toolbar the third and fourth Es rows of buttons in the picture alongside The Drawing Board The Drawing Board provides the main visual representation of a construction stage It also acts as a powerful editing screen as described in the section titled Drag n drop design below The Drawing Board contains Draggable rulers attached to its left and top edges E Soil columns on either side of the wall If you pause while passing the mouse pointer over a object displayed on the Drawing Board ReWaRD displays the name of that object This makes it easier for you to identify which object is which Further if you select an object in the Drawing Board ReW aRD s Stockyard automatically displays the properties of that object for you to see Drag n drop design O ne of ReW aRD s most powerful features is what we have termed drag n drop design This is the ability to build up a construction stage by dragging engineering objects from the Stockyard and dropping them onto a Workbook s Drawing Board The Drawing Board s built in intelligence ensures that your engineering objects only go where it is possible for them to go To select an object To select an engineering object Chapter 8 Workbooks 95 M Click on the object with the left mouse button mM Or Press the TAB key rep
35. by British Steel Ltd The ReWaRD User Manual was written by Dr Andrew Bond Parts of ReW aRD were developed with the assistance of Professor David Potts of Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine and Dr Hugh St John of the Geotechnical Consulting Group The following people assisted with the testing of this and previous versions of the program Vassilis Poulo poulos G eocentrix Romain Arnould Geotechnical Consulting Group Andy Fenlon Nonsuch Videographics Joe Emmerson British Steel and Kieran Dineen Imperial College ReW aRD 2 5 User M anual Table of contents Table of contents Acknowledgments 00cccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaes Table of contents 000cceeeuaceeuaenunasauranaaes Chapter 1 INDOQUCUON tanci vce beethieaekiaeane ere hawaed se About this book Conventions W here to go for help User manual Reference manual ReW aRD s help system Tooltips Technical support Sales and marketing information Chapter 2 Installing and starting ReWaRD ccee eee eee W hat s in the ReW aRD package Hardware and software requirements Upgrading from an earlier version of ReW aRD To install ReW aRD To run ReW aRD To uninstall ReW aRD Chapter 3 OVGIVIGW 6625 08 Sed eevee eee bee eee he ewes Key features The Desktop Title Bar M enu Bar Toolbar M ain work area Status Bar ReW aRD 2 5 User M anual The Stockyard 21 Workbooks 22 Tools 23 Startup W izard 24 Construction W izard 24 Electronic
36. by choosing the Workbook Save Layout command from the W orkbook s Properties menu You can then restore the layout by choosing the Workbook Restore Layout command A selection of useful layouts are supplied with the program in the folder PROGRAM FILES GEOCENTRIX REWARD2 LAYOUTS they have the file extension RWL You can restore a Workbook to its default layout by choosing the Workbook Restore Default Layout command from the W orkbook s Properties menu The M essages Page ReW aRD uses the M essages Page to inform you of anything that occurs in its calculations that requires your attention or approval 100 ReW aRD 2 5 User M anual fa Workbook Stage 2 Generated Ot E Validating the construction stage k i F Calculating earth pressures as built for the specified wall length and safety Factors H Calculating earth pressures at the minimum safe embedment with the specified safety factors l i 3 Calculating earth pressures with maximized safety Factors for the specified wall length i E aimed Calculating earth pressures at failure with safety factors set to 1 olf Command started at 20 3 00 6 57 46 pm a i Modifying the design standard i DA i Creating a prototype of the construction stage I n ki ehe the a _ vi ais Tel E 0 Wall sa ied ones 5 01 m and 13 5 m H li Length 5 01 m Se il Length 13 5 m E ti Modifying the prototype fH Li Validating the prototype inn EE Calculat
37. ct s property box A smaller simplified version of the icon 88 ReW aRD 2 5 User M anual is displayed in the Stockyard s O bjects Pane alongside the name of the object and in the dialog box that appears when you create an object of that type Create Excavation The icon helps you to identify each engineering object and in its larger form indicates dimensions or other properties that are needed to define that object A selection of icons is shown below fy Objects names Each engineering object has a unique name which is used to identify it ReWaRD automatically generates a default name e g Prop 1 Retaining Wall 3 etc When you create an engineering Object You may change the name ReWaRD provides provided you use a name that is not being used by any another object in the current document In practice you will find it convenient to give certain objects such as surcharges meaningful names such as Load from footing Traffic loading etc D efaults ReW aRD provides default properties for most of the parameters Chapter 7 The Stockyard 89 that are needed to define your engineering objects Chapter 9 explains how you can customize the default properties To change an object s properties to its default values M Click on the property box s Defaults button mM Press ALT on your keyboard Context sensitive help To obtain context sensitive help for a particular property box Click on the prop
38. disappeared ReWaRD displays its Start up W izard Select the option Create a New Project and click the Go button ReW aRD s Stockyard appears on your screen M any of the following tasks can be performed in any order you choose Creating a construction stage Start the new project by creating a Construction Stage Choose Construction Stage on the Stockyard s Create menu and click the OK button in the dialog box that appears ReWaRD creates a new Construction Stage and displays its property box Change the name of the stage to Example C2 and click OK ReW aRD saves the stage and then opens a new Workbook for you to add engineering objects to At this point your screen should look something like this ReWaRD 2 5 Professional Edition OF x File Edit View Properties Calculate Design Tools Window Help etal falas OL 2 K ASI bel F Bm Bm4 m m is r hn Ba Baj X Properties of Selected Object Name Example C2 Notes Type Construction Stage Term Long Objects on retained side Objects on excavated side Chapter 5 Tutorial 2 propped wall in stiff clay 47 Provided you installed ReW aRD in its default folder you will find a copy of this worked example in its current state in the folder PROGRAM FILES GEOCENTRIX REWARD2 TUTORIAL 2 under the name STEP1 RWD Creating the ground geometry Now define the geometry of the problem by creating a ground profile and an excavation Click on the Stockya
39. e File menu or by Chapter 4 Tutorial 1 cantilever wall in sand 33 clicking on the Save button on the Toolbar When the Save As dialog box appears choose the folder where you want to save the document enter its filename as TUTORIALI1 and click OK ReW aRD will automatically add the extension RWD for you Provided you installed ReW aRD in its default folder you will find a copy of this worked example in its current state in the folder PROGRAM FILES GEOCENTRIX REWARD2 TUTORIAL 1 under the name STEP1 RWD Choosing a design standard ReW aRD provides support for several UK and CF2 international design Piling Handbook standards as listed on the Design menu CIRIA 104 When you select one of these standards Geoquide 1 ReW aRD changes its configuration so thatthe BD 42 calculations you perform are in accordance eE a ee with it Eurocode 7 i Custom Design In this Tutorial you will prepare calculations using two British design standards Bial Options m BS 8002 CIRIA 104 Designing to BS 8002 If it is not already selected select BS 8002 from ReW aRD s Design menu The selected standard is shown ticked and greyed on this menu You can review the settings for the selected standard by choosing the Properties command from the Design menu The following box appears for BS 8002 34 ReW aRD 2 5 User M anual British Standard 8007 Kernsel amp 4631 Limiting Earth Pressure Coefficients x
40. e specified wall length E Command started at 20 3 00 6 57 46 pm ti Modifying the design standard ty Creating a prototype of the construction stage BG Validating the prototype 8 Bringing the wall into equilibrium amp Wall length varied between 5 01 m and 13 5 m GE i Length 5 01 m Length 13 5m E i Modifying the prototype E Validating the prototype Calculating earth pressures 2 Out of balance moment 15068 2 kNm m G Length 5 21754 m Length 9 35877 m Length 5 51239 m Length 7 43558 m Length 5 5516 m G Length 5 54425 m Length 5 5445 m Length 5 54425 m E Command finished at 20 3 00 6 57 46 pm Calculating structural forces H Calculating base stability 5 Calculating displacements E Command started at 20 3 00 6 57 46 pm RewaRD cannot decide which profile to use to calculate displacements You need to manually select one H Calculating durability be A There were errors in the calculations please inspect the Messages View for more information Designing the cofferdam other stages Designing the cofferdam involves repeating the calculations you have performed for Stage 2 for the other stages in the construction sequence ReWaRD automatically adjusts its calculations to take account of the number of props or anchors that are used to support the retaining wall and any changes in ground conditions that you specify 82 ReW aRD
41. e will be installed at a depth of 4m and the excavation taken down to 7 5m before installing the third frame The third frame will be installed at a depth of 6 5m The plan dimensions of the cofferdam are 17m by 12m Using the Construction W izard to create a new project If ReWaRD is not already running double click on the ReW aRD icon to load the program into your computer s memory O nce the splash screen has disappeared ReWaRD displays its Start up W izard Select the option Run the Construction Wizard and click the Go button ReW aRD s Construction Wizard appears on your screen The Construction W izard asks you anumber of questions about the retaining wall project you want to create and then generates a project according to your answers Step 1 specify the finished geometry Click on the Multi propped option The number of props changes to 3 and the picture of the wall changes to a multi oropped wall Change the retained height to 8 5m and click Next to continue Step 2 enter the depths of the props You want to place the first prop at 0 5m above ground level but as you will find if you attempt to do it the Construction W izard does Chapter 6 Tutorial 3 cofferdam in mixed soils 63 not allow you to enter negative depths Therefore we will have to leave Prop 1 at ground level and change its depth later Select Prop 2 and change its depth to 4m by entering 4 in the Depth box and clicking the Apply button Then
42. eatedly until the object is highlighted ReW aRD indicates which object is selected by placing handles i e small square rectangles at its corners or ends The object that is selected when you click on one of the soils columns depends on which keys are pressed at the time Mm Ifthe CTRL key is pressed the layer is selected Mm Ifthe SHIFT key is pressed the soil is selected f neither the CTRL or SHIFT keys are pressed the borehole is selected To add an object to a Drawing Board To add an object to a Drawing Board click on it in the Stockyard s Existing Objects pane with the left mouse button and hold the button down The cursor will change to a circle with a line across it Then drag the mouse across to the Drawing Board and when the cursor changes to asymbol with a sign release the mouse button The cursor indicates the type of object you are dragging and where you Can drop it For example iz b signifies that the object in this case a retaining wall can be dropped at the current location mS signifies that the object cannot be dropped at the current location What happens when you release the mouse button depends on what type of object you are dragging and where you drop it Most objects automatically appear on the correct side of the wall at their specified depths m Unless you drop them on one of the soil columns layers are added to the bottom of the boreholes on both sides of the wall i e undern
43. eath any existing layers W if you drop a layer on a soil column it appears immediately below the layer on which you drop it 96 ReW aRD 2 5 User M anual m If you drop a layer above a soil column it appears at ground level W f you drop a soil onto an existing layer the layer s soil type changes mM Water tables appear on whichever side of the wall you drop them on To remove an object from a Drawing Board To remove an object from a Drawing Board click on it with the left mouse button and hold the button down Handles will appear to indicate that the object is selected and the cursor will change to a circle with a line across it Then drag the mouse across to the Stockyard s Object s Pane and when the cursor changes to a symbol representing the object release the mouse button The object will disappear from the Drawing Board Editing an object You can edit the properties of an existing object in place in a number of ways m By selecting the object and Properties of Surcharge 1 choosing the Properties of Page Properties lt Name gt Command on the Workbook s Properties menu where lt Name gt is the name of the object Or By selecting the object clicking the right mouse button and choosing the Properties of lt Name gt command on the pop up menu that appears see the picture alongside mM Or By double clicking on the object with the left mouse button ett pelete Hide
44. erty box s Help button mM Press F1 on your keyboard RewaRD Help File Edit Bookmark Options Help ne Properties of Water Table 1 ES oe General Properties C Notes all OF ra Defaults i M Properties of Water Table 1 aS To find out what information you should enter into any particular control within the property box just move the mouse cursor over that box withing the help topic whereupon the cursor will change to a hand Click where the hand appears to display pop up help for 90 ReW aRD 2 5 User M anual that control D ata validation ReW aRD incorporates a comprehensive data checking system that prevents you from entering invalid information for any engineering object The data checking system comprises A keyboard filter to prevent you from entering invalid characters such as entering a negative sign for a purely positive number Mm A range check to prevent you entering numbers that are too large e g a wall length of 1000m or too small e g a wall length of 0m A compatibility check to ensure that the values you enter are consistent with the object s other properties e g a secant bored pile must have a horizontal spacing less than Its diameter A warning system to alert you to values that are unusually large or small but nevertheless may still be valid When ReWakRD detects an invalid value for a particular property it displays an appropriate error message and won t allow yo
45. evious C Double propped Multi propped x Cancel Humber of Props bp PEJ Retained Height 25 m ki Chapter 3 O verview 25 The tutorial in Chapter 4 shows you how to use the Construction W izard To display the Construction Wizard choose the Construction Wizard command from the Tools menu Electronic Piling Handbook ReW aRD comes bundled with an electronic version of the British Steel Piling Handbook 7th Edition the blue book This on line reference contains valuable information about sheet piling products their capabilities and availability together with design guidance for the Piling Handbook i e nett pressure method of design On line help ReW aRD has one of the most comprehensive on line help systems of any geotechnical engineering program If you want to know how to use a particular dialog box or want to discover what BS 8002 recommends for angles of wall friction you will find the information you want in ReW aRD s help system 26 ReW aRD 2 5 User M anual RewaRD Help File Edit Bookmark Options Help k To open ReWaRD s on line help To open ReW aRD s on ine help M Press F1 WE Click the Help button in a dialog box m Choose acommand from the Help menu Chapter 4 Tutorial 1 cantilever wall in sand 27 Chapter 4 Tutorial 1 cantilever wall in sand This tutorial helps you to get started with ReW aRD by designing a simple cantilever wall in sand The tutorial shows you
46. g Board for each stage in turn The cursor will change shape from to k i aS yOu do this Be sure to drop the surcharge on the retained side of the wall ReWaRD 2 5 Professional Edition File Edit View Create Properties Design Tools Window Help LIF tal ey ol Ol 2 sel SIE A a else w e ele ef ml laa 0 5 l 7 0 5 a All Objects A Construction amp Ground Profil la Excavation amp Soil oo Layer a Borehole Water Table Name Surcharge 1 Notes Type Uniform Magnitude 10kPa Duration Variable Effect Unfavourable Depth Om Load type HA Loading Provided you installed ReW aRD in its default folder you will find a copy of this worked example in its current state in the folder PROGRAM FILES GEOCENTRIX REWARD2 TUTORIAL 3 under the name STEP8 RWD Chapter 6 Tutorial 3 cofferdam in mixed soils 73 Designing the cofferdam Stage 2 At this point you are ready to start the design of the cofferdam You may find it easier to close all the open workbooks and then re open that for Stage 2 only This will leave your screen less cluttered To do this Choose the Close All Workbooks command from ReW aRD s Window menu m Choose Construction Stage from the Stockyard s View menu Right click on Stage 2 in the Stockyard s Objects Pane and choose O pen Workbook ReWaRD 2 5 Professional Edition Iof x Fie Edit View Properties Calculate Design Tools Window ham aC Ken KALA
47. hange and some you need to add in order to model the worked example given in CIRIA SP95 mM The excavation depths must checked and if necessary changed E Other soil layers must be added The retaining wall must be given an upstand and the top prop moved up 0 5m Water tables must be moved and extra water tables added m A surcharge must be added Chapter 6 Tutorial 3 cofferdam in mixed soils 65 Changing the depths of the excavations When it generated the project you are working on ReWaRD s Construction Wizard created three excavations at depths 0 5m below the level of each prop and a fourth at final formation level You want to change some of these depths to match those given in CIRIA SP95 To display a list of the excavations that the Construction W izard has created for you click on Excavation in the Stockyard s O bject Types pane ReWaRD displays a list of the excavations in the Stockyard s Existing O bjects pane Select Excavation 2 from the Existing O bjects pane right click your mouse to display this object s context menu and choose the command Properties of Excavation 2 Generated ReW aRD displays the property sheet for Excavation 2 M On the Dimensions page change the excavation s depth to 5 0m mM On the Plan Dimensions page click on the Has Plan Dimensions box and enter a length of 17m and breadth of 12m Click OK to confirm the excavation s properties N ow select Excavation 3
48. hat clicking on an object in the Workbook causes the Stockyard to automatically display its properties Greatly improved Required Embedment Base Stability and M essages pages Added Durability calculation Added conversions to from any fundamental engineering unit in the SI CGS or Imperial systems D efault settings now stored in W indows Registry and can be set or reset via the program Added Notes page to all engineering object property boxes Added ability to save projects as templates Added Preferences box Added links to Geocentrix s web site and software support web pages 110 ReW aRD 2 5 User M anual Improved the program s overall look and feel including many user interface improvements Several bug fixes and other improvements to the program s Operation Year 2000 compliance covering Levels 1 3 of the British Standards Institution s document DISC PD 2000 1 32 bit application optimized for Windows 95 98 NT4 ReW aRD 2 5 can read files created in ReW aRD 2 0 with minor loss of data you will be informed when this occurs and can import files created in ReWaRD 1 x Neither ReWaRD 1 x nor ReWaRD 2 0 can read files created in ReW aRD 2 5 W hat s new or improved in ReW aRD 2 0 Version 2 0 introduced many new or improved features compared with version 1 x M ajor overhaul of ReW aRD s user interface to make it quicker and even easier to use Completely new printing and graphing engines Implemented the foll
49. he soil s saturated and unsaturated weights to 20 kN m mM On the Effective Stress page change the soil s angle of shearing resistance to 25 and its effective cohesion to zero leave the Peak flag set and Poisson s ratio unchanged On the total stress page change the soil s undrained strength to 60 kPa When you attempt to go to the Notes page a warning message will appear telling you that the soil parameter is out of range this being a stiff clay ReW aRD expected you to enter a Chapter 5 Tutorial 2 propped wall in stiff clay 51 strength between 75 and 150 kPa Answer Yes to confirm the value you have entered RewaRD 2 5 N Warning soil parameter is outside the normal range Normal range 5 to 150 kPa Allowable range 60 to 200 kPa ls the entered value corect On the Notes page enter any notes about this soil that you want to keep for future reference WE Finally click on the OK button to confirm the soil s properties Now create an undrained layer in which to put the soil M Right click on the word Layer in the Stockyard s O bject Types pane and choose New Undrained on the menu that appears mM ReWaRD creates a new Undrained Layer and displays its property box M On the Properties page change the soil to Stiff clay and the thickness to 30m Click on the OK button to confirm the layer s properties Now create a borehole in which to put the layer M Right click on the w
50. how to m Use ReW aRD s Construction W izard mM Choose between the available design standards View the results of your calculations Worked example The worked example involves the design of a wall to support a4m excavation in sand The ground conditions at the site comprise 15m of dense sand y 17 kN m3 35 c 0 The groundwater table is 15m below excavation level and hence the sand can be considered dry throughout A diaphragm wall 0 6m thick will be used to support the excavation in the long term No props can be used You are required to calculate the wall s minimum depth of embedment and the maximum bending moment and shear force it must resist Using the Construction W izard to create a new project If ReWaRD is not already running double click on the ReW aRD icon to load the program into your computer s memory Once the splash screen has disappeared ReWaRD displays its Start up W izard ty unsaturated unit weight angle of shearing resistance and c effective cohesion of the sand 28 Step 1 ReW aRD 2 5 User M anual Ryw ReWaRD co AV Welcome to RewaRD 2 5 XM Cancel What do you want to do today Bun the Construction Wizard Srrtycevcisuudsecevavrstverssvecrsvcersscecvetcetssvarsccesteccerscs di Create a new project Create a new project from a Template Open an existing project Select the option Run the Construction Wizard and click the Go button ReW
51. ing CIRIA 104 simply by changing the design standard and re running the calculations Select CIRIA 104 Gross Pressure ERETTE Method from ReWaRD s Revised Method Design menu Strength Factor Method mM Note that ReWaRD has cleared the previous results and invites you to calculate the required embedment again M Review the settings for this standard by choosing the Properties Command from the Design menu E On the Equilibrium page note that the equilibrium conditions are set to At Failure see the ReWaRD Reference M anual for further information about what this means On the CIRIA 104 page make sure that the design approach is set to Moderately Conservative and the Works to Permanent again see the ReWaRD Reference Manual for further 40 ReW aRD 2 5 User M anual information about these settings CIRIA 104 Gross Pressure Method Structural Factors Equilibrium cinta 104 4 t Design Approach x Canca Moderately Conservative f Defaults Worst Credible a Help Works Temporary Permanent ERE Choose OK to save the design standard settings Provided you installed ReW aRD in its default folder you will find a copy of this worked example in its current state in the folder PROGRAM FILES GEOCENTRIX REWARD2 TUTORIAL 1 under the name STEP2 RWD Calculating structural forces To calculate the structural forces in the wall Mm f necessary click on the Workbo
52. ing and running your copy of ReW aRD Hardware and software requirements In order to run ReW aRD you will need the following hardware and software E IBM compatible PC with an 80386 or higher processor E Microsoft Windows 95 or later or Microsoft Windows NT 4 or later m At least 30Mb free space on your hard disk for a complete installation m CD ROM drive E Any printer supported by Windows m A mouse or other pointing device supported by Windows 16 ReW aRD 2 5 User M anual Upgrading from an earlier version of ReW aRD If you are upgrading your copy of ReWaRD from an earlier version you should note the following mM ReWaRD s setup program installs Version 2 5 in a different directory to Versions 1 x and 2 0 and hence will not overwrite your existing copy of ReW aRD WE JOB files created in ReW aRD 1 x can be imported into ReW aRD 2 5 where they will be converted into ReWaRD s new RWD format RWD files created in ReW aRD 2 0 can be opened in ReW aRD 2 5 where they will be updated without loss of information mM Documents created in ReWaRD 2 5 can be exported into ReW aRD 1 x s JOB format although some information may be lost The program will inform you when this happens mM Documents created in ReWaRD 2 5 cannot be read by ReW aRD 2 0 To install ReW aRD 1 Connect the supplied security key to your computer s parallel printer port 2 Insert the Geocentrix Software CD into your CD ROM drive The Geoce
53. ing earth pressures ea TE Dut of balance moment 15068 2 kN m Length 5 21754 m Length 9 35877 m Length 5 51239 m ao aR i ed 1 Length 7 43558 m ae ae H 6 2a E F eee ay Length 5 5516 m Length 5 54425 m Length 5 5445 m ae Length 5 54425 m 6 Command finished at 207 3700 6 57 46 pm Calculating structural forces Calculating base stability Calculating displacements fee am i Command started at 20 3 00 6 57 46 pm ae LE RewaRD cannot decide which profile to use to calculate displacements ou need to manually select one 1g Calculating durability There were errors in the calculations please inspect the Messages View for more information EE El H 1 Eh H Poog The messages ReW aRD displays fall into three main categories mM Error messages which explain why a particular calculation cannot be performed E Warning messages which explain what action ReWaRD has taken in response to an unusual or unsafe condition E Informational messages which provide additional information about the calculations that is not available on any of the other results pages You can empty the messages window at any time by choosing the Clear Messages command from the W orkbook s Calculate menu Chapter 9 Producing reports 101 Chapter 9 Producing reports ReWaRD allows you to customize the information in its printed reports preview them on the screen before printing and select exactly which pages you want t
54. is case The following diagram show the earth pressures obtained at the minimum safe embedment Chapter 4 Tutorial 1 cantilever wall in sand 37 Workbook Stage 1 Generated 250 20 15 10 5 D 5 10 15 20 2 a 20 N ote that the earth pressures on the excavated side of the wall do not begin at formation level this is because BS 8002 requires a minimum unplanned excavation of 0 5m to be included in the calculations One of ReWaRD s key benefits is that important details like this are automatically applied ReW aRD also provides the results of the earth pressure calculations in a table or spreadsheet To view the earth pressures in this format choose Table from the Workbook s View menu By default ReW aRD displays the design pressures as shown below 38 ReW aRD 2 5 User M anual Workbook Stage 1 Generated mim of x A B C D E F G 1 Depth EarhFr vraterPr TotalFr EathPr AvaterFr Tot__ Fi m kPa kPa kPa kPa kPa J Retained Retained Retained Excawated Excawated Excawi 4 0 00 eo 0 0 cu 0 0 0 0 5 450 ed 0 0 cdg 0 0 0 0 b 450 4 0 0 cag 0 0 0 0 477 ch 1 0 0 ch 1 ch 1 0 0 i 4 77 ch 1 0 0 ch 1 ch 1 0 0 g 7 48 af 0 0 tft 0 0 2 Checking the required embedment To calculate the required embedment of the wall choose the Required Embedment command from the W orkbook s Calculate menu The results are displayed in a hierarchical tree view By expanding some of the nodes by clicking on the
55. k are printed To override the default settings E Choose the Page Setup command from ReW aRD s File menu or the Page Setup button on ReW aRD s Toolbar The following box appears Print Page Setup ii Stockyard Workbooks Resuts Layout Print information about these objects x Cancel i Defaults Help Er Construction Stages amp Ground Profiles he Excavations E Soils E Fills ia Layers Boreholes Water Tables kii Tick the engineering objects whose properties you wantto print M Untick those object you don t want to print E Next click on the Workbooks tab Chapter 5 Tutorial 2 propped wall in stiff clay 59 Print Page Setup Stockyard Workbooks Results Layout Print information about these objects x Cane 2 Example C2 eee Defaults Help mM Tick the stages for which you want to print results Un ick those for which you don t want results Next click on the Results tab Print Page Setup tin Stockyard workbooks Results Layout Print the following information M Cancel Flay Drawing Board LI hy Earth Pressures a Defaults S Required E mbedmernt Help ia Structural Forces O far ecks Envelope una B kii Properties Tick the results you want to print mM Un tick those you don t want to print WE Finally click the OK button to save your settings To print the data Mm Choose the Print
56. kyard s O bject Types pane Double click on the wall to display its property sheet then mM On the Dimensions page change the wall s height to 13 5m this is the height assumed in CIRIA SP95 and its upstand to 0 5m so its total height is 14m Click OK to confirm the wall s properties The Drawing Boards 70 ReW aRD 2 5 User M anual change to reflect the new wall dimensions To display the props that the Construction W izard has created for you click on Prop in the Stockyard s O bject Types pane Double click on Prop 1 to display its property sheet then E On the Dimensions page change the props s depth to 0 5m Click OK to confirm the prop s properties The Drawing Boards change to reflect the new prop position Provided you installed ReW aRD in its default folder you will find a copy of this worked example in its current state in the folder PROGRAM FILES GEOCENTRIX REWARD2 TUTORIAL 3 under the name STEP6 RWD Changing and adding water tables The next task is to model groundwater conditions at the site To display the water tables that the Construction Wizard has created for you click on Water Table in the Stockyard s O bject Types pane Double click on W ater Table 1 to display its property sheet then M On the Properties page change the depth to 2 5m Click OK to confirm the water table s properties Double click on W ater Table 3 to display its property sheet then On the Proper
57. lated for the other conditions by choosing the appropriate command from the W orkbook s View Earth Pressures menu The following diagram show the earth pressures obtained at the minimum safe embedment 76 ReW aRD 2 5 User M anual Workbook Stage 2 Generated ReW aRD also provides the results of the earth pressure calculations in a table or spreadsheet To view the results in this format choose the Table command from the W orkbook s View menu ReW aRD displays the design pressures as shown below Chapter 6 Tutorial 3 cofferdam in mixed soils 71 Workbook Stage 2 Generated A k C D E F G a 1 Depth EathPr WaterPr TotalPr EarhPr WaterPr TotalPr_ 2 m kPa kPa kPa kPa kPa kPa 3 Ret Ret Ret Exc Exc Exc 4 0 50 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 F 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 6 0 00 2 26 0 00 2 26 0 00 0 00 0 00 f 245 12 20 0 00 12 26 0 00 0 00 0 00 i 2 45 12 20 0 00 12 26 0 00 0 00 0 00 4 250 12 60 0 00 12 60 0 00 0 00 0 00 10 2 50 12 50 0 00 12 50 0 00 0 00 0 00 11 2 51 lee 0 07 12 58 0 00 0 00 0 00 12 251 12 62 0 0 12 56 0 00 0 00 0 00 13 4 00 16 01 14 71 30 72 0 00 0 00 0 00 14 4 00 0 00 392a 34 23 0 00 0 00 0 00 15 5 00 0 00 49 03 49 03 0 00 0 00 0 00 16 5 00 25 00 0 00 25 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 1 5 16 25 74 0 00 25 74 12 04 0 00 12 09 18 5 16 chrd 0 00 25 79 12 09 0 00 12 09 19 6 00 30 00 0 00 30 00 01 51 0 00 01 41 20 6 00 30 00 0 00 30 00 01 51 0 00 01 91 2 6 50 32 50 0 00 32 50 ov 16 0 00 ar
58. mM Pressures in the ground vertical and horizontal effective stresses and pore water pressures mM Pressures due to surcharges vertical and horizontal mM Other pressures acting on the retaining wall such as the pressure from a water filled tension crack ReWaRD calculates each of these earth pressures according to well established soil mechanics theory and automatically applies any safety factors required by the selected design standard Full details of these calculations are given in the ReWaRD Reference M anual To perform the calculations select the Earth Pressures pop out menu from the W orkbook s Calculate menu if necessary click on the Workbook first to activate it ReWaRD lists the various earth pressure conditions that it can calculate E As built E At minimum safe embedment With enhanced safety factors m At failure Choose the All command to calculate all four flavours of earth pressure ReW aRD displays the as built earth red and water blue pressures acting on both sides of the wall superimposed on a picture of the construction stage Chapter 6 Tutorial 3 cofferdam in mixed soils 75 Workbook Stage 2 Generated Note how the earth and water pressures change with the various layers in the ground Note also how the passive earth pressures drop to zero at formation level on the excavated side owing to CIRIA 104 s required for a 1m softened zone You can view the earth pressures calcu
59. n on the same page The values stored in the Registry are replaced with factory defaults Factory defaults ReW aRD contains within its program code default parameters for Chapter 10 Customizing the program 107 all the engineering objects it provides These default parameters are called factory defaults and are fully documented in ReW aRD s Help system 108 ReW aRD 2 5 User M anual Chapter 11 Upgrading from previous versions 109 Chapter 11 Upgrading from previous versions This chapter provides a brief summary of the new features you ll find in ReWaRD version 2 5 W hat s new or improved in ReWaRD 2 5 Version 2 5 has many new or improved features compared with version 2 0 Number of pre built engineering objects increased to 51 Custom design standard greatly improved Validation on calculation now reported via the Workbook s M essages page Added earth pressure calculations at minimum safe embedment with maximum safety factors and at failure Wall friction adhesion undrained adhesion and maximum undrained adhesion can be customized Improved implementation of the hinge method of calculating structural forces Added ability to specify object depths as height above Ordnance Datum Package includes British Steel s Electronic Piling Handbook Package includes British Steel s Electronic Piling Case Studies User and Reference M anuals provided in Adobe Acrobat format Stockyard and Workbooks are now synchronized so t
60. ng soils Adding the missing layers Amending the borehole Extending the wall and moving the top prop Changing and adding water tables Adding a surcharge Designing the cofferdam Stage 2 Selecting the design standard Calculating earth pressures Calculating required embedment Calculating structural forces Calculating displacements Reviewing messages Designing the cofferdam other stages W hat next Chapter 7 The Stockyard O bject types To create a new object ReW aRD 2 5 User M anual Existing objects 85 To choose which objects appear in the Existing O bjects pane 85 To edit an existing object 85 Properties pane 86 Property boxes 86 Identifying icons 87 O bjects names 88 D efaults 88 Context sensitive help 89 D ata validation 90 Chapter 8 WV OFKDOOK Ss ciod ara seraseacaresiaease N cae aaa 93 The Drawing Board 94 Drag n drop design 94 To select an object 94 To add an object to a Drawing Board 95 To remove an object from a Drawing Board 96 Editing an object 96 Changing the scale 97 Results pages 97 Customizing a page 98 Choosing a layout 99 The M essages Page 99 Chapter 9 PrOGUCING reports serorrriaarer drte un EE IREA 101 Selecting what appears in a report 101 Stockyard page 101 Workbooks page 102 Results page 102 Layout page 103 Print preview 103 Printing 104 Chapter 10 Customizing the program ssssssssssssssssssssnns 105 Table of contents Windows Registry Program wide settings
61. nt to keep for future reference Finally click OK to confirm the soil s properties To create a new soil Right click on Soil in the O bjects Types pane Choose New Clay on the pop up menu that appears ReW aRD displays a property sheet for the newly created soil On the General page change the soil s name to Firm clay On the Classification page change its State to Firm O nthe Density W eight page change both weights to 21 kN m Answer Yes to any warning messages asking you to confirm the values entered On the Total Stress page change the U ndrained Strength to 60 kPa Finally click OK to confirm the soil s proprties Now create two other soils with the following properties Sand name Silty sand class Silty saturated and unsaturated unit weights 20 3 kN m angle of shearing resistance 30 Clay name Soft firm clay state Soft both weights 20 kN m angle of shearing resistance 30 undrained strength 40 kPa Chapter 6 Tutorial 3 cofferdam in mixed soils 67 Finally since the medium coarse sand has the same properties as the sand and gravel create this soil by duplicating the latter mM Select the sand and gravel in the Stockyard s Existing O bjects pane Choose the Duplicate command from the Edit menu Double click on the duplicate which ReW aRD has named Soil 1 to display its property sheet mM Change the soil s name to M edium coarse sand
62. ntrix Software Installation program should auto matically appear on your screen if not run SETU P EXE from the root directory of the CD Geocentrix Software Installation mel sia lalate Re VaRD ReWaRD is one of the leading programs for engineering sc ftw are the design of embedded retaining walls for the design of incorporating seven national and international embedded retaining standards including BS8002 and Eurocode 7 walls and reinforced slopes ReActiv is an interactive computer program for designing reinforced slopes using reinforced soil or soil nails following the quidelines of the UK Highways Agency s advice note HA68 Geocentrix RewaRD and ReActiv are registered trademarks of Geocentrix Ltd ocenic House 54 Wilmot Way Banstead surrey SM 2PY United Kingdom Email postmaster qeocentrix co uk Tel 44 0 1 73 373963 Fax 44 0 1737 373980 3 Click on the ReWaRD icon to go to the ReWaRD page Chapter 2 Installing and starting ReW aRD 17 Geocentrix Software Installation Designed by engineers for engineers ReVVaRD is one of the most powerful and To install the trial edition of ReWaRD clickon Re aRD user friendly rool eu the Trial icon and follow the on screen e retaining wall design instructions Trial Re VaRD To install ReWaPRD click on the ReWaRD icon and follow the on screen instructions You will need a dongle and password from Geocentrix to activate the program once installed To
63. o print Selecting what appears in a report What appears in ReWaRD s printed reports depends on which Options are selected in the Page Setup box To display this box E Choose the Page Setup command on ReWaRD s File menu mM Or Click on the Page Setup button on the Toolbar Each page within the Page Setup box covers a different part of the report Stockyard page The Stockyard page allows you to select which engineering objects are included in the printed report those which are ticked are included those which are not are omitted Page Setup es Stockyard Workbooks Besuts Layout Print information about these objects x Cancel a Construction Stages ff Defaults 7 Help Wo Ground Profiles hey Excavations E Soils Fills d Layers water Tables m Retaining walle 102 ReW aRD 2 5 User M anual Workbooks page The Workbooks page shows a list of all the Construction Stages defined in the Stockyard Each Construction Stage has a W orkbook associated with it which contains the results of the calculations you perform on that stage For each Construction Stage you select on the Workbooks page ReWaRD prints the corresponding results that are selected on the Results page see below Page Setup Ed Mg Stockyard workbooks Results Layout Print information about these objects x Cancel ra Defaults 7 Help O de Stage 1 Generated a Stage 2 Generated PPrere
64. ok to make it active Mm Choose the Structural Forces command on the Workbook s Calculate menu Mm Or Click on the Calculate Structural Forces button on the W orkbook s Toolbar ReW aRD then calculates the embedment of the wall at failure i e in equilibrium with no safety factors applied and uses the earth pressures at this embedment to calculate the structural forces in the wall See the ReWaRD Reference M anual for further information ReW aRD displays the structural forces pictorially Chapter 4 Tutorial 1 cantilever wall in sand 41 Workbook Stage 1 Generated oj xi 250 20 15 10 5 0 5 10 15 20 2 4 Largest factored bending moment 128 8 kNm m Largest factored bending moment 261 9 kN m 20 The maximum bending moment in this case is 93 KNm m and the maximum shear force is 210 kN m These are design values Le they already include the appropriate safety factors which in the case of CIRIA 104 are 1 5 You can view the earth pressures used to calculate these structural forces by choosing the appropriate command from the W orkbook s View gt Earth Pressures menu You should choose the At Failure command since these are the earth pressures that CIRIA 104 recommends for calculating structural forces The following diagram shows the earth pressures obtained at failure 42 ReW aRD 2 5 User M anual Workbook Stage 1 Generated 1 250 15 10 5 i 5 h 10 15 al N ote that the earth pressures on the
65. ommands ReWaRD goes into Zoom mode and will continue to alter the scale each time you click on the Drawing Board You can cancel Zoom mode mM By choosing the Pointer command on the Tools menu E Or By clicking the Pointer button on the Workbooks Toolbar Results pages Each Workbook provides the results of your calculations on separate pages to ensure you are not overwhelmed with information There are pages for WE Earth pressures mM Required embedment mM Structural forces 98 ReW aRD 2 5 User M anual mM Peck s envelopes mM Displacements mM Base stability Some pages display their results in one of two ways either as a diagram or in a table of values Workbook Stage 2 Generated 1 250 10 5 D X 5 10 15 Depth EarhPr WaterPr TotalPr EarthPr m kPa kPa kPa kPa Retained Retained Retained Excavated Excava 0 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 2 3 0 0 2 3 0 0 2 45 12 3 0 0 12 3 0 0 2 45 12 3 0 0 12 3 0 0 2 50 12 5 0 0 12 5 0 0 2 50 12 5 0 0 12 5 0 0 2 51 12 5 0 1 12 6 0 0 2 51 12 5 0 1 12 6 0 0 4 00 16 0 14 7 30 7 0 0 4 00 0 0 39 2 39 2 0 0 5 00 0 0 49 0 49 0 0 0 5 00 25 0 0 0 25 0 0 0 5 16 25 8 0 0 25 8 12 9 5 16 25 8 0 0 25 8 12 9 6 00 30 0 0 0 30 0 81 9 20 6 00 30 0 0 0 30 0 81 9 he ARNI 32 R nn 39 F a7 bd i J Pans Pu h b E kh E kh E k E h k E k E kh E k E You can switch between these
66. onal design standards so we will not dwell on these matters here To select the appropriate design standard for this worked example Select CIRIA 104 gt Gross Pressure Method from ReW aRD s Design menu On the CIRIA 104 page make sure that the design approach is set to M oderately Conservative and set the W orks to Temporary see the ReWaRD Reference M anual for further information Choose OK to save the settings Chapter 5 Tutorial 2 propped wall in stiff clay 55 Provided you installed ReW aRD in its default folder you will find a copy of this worked example in its current state in the folder PROGRAM FILES GEOCENTRIX REWARD2 TUTORIAL 2 under the name STEP6 RWD Calculating the required embedment To calculate the required embedment of the wall mM Choose the Required Embedment command on the W orkbook s Calculate menu Or Click on the Calculate Required Enbedment button on the W orkbook s Toolbar ReWaRD calculates the embedment of the wall with the appropriate safety factors taken from CIRIA 104 and displays the results in a tree view Workbook Example C2 El At minimum safe embedment B E Retaining wall 2 Depth of toe 15 4992 m a ra Fartial factors i E ti Factors on actions B Li Factors on material properties zi kii Factors on resistance Si On effective earth pressures 1 2 phi lt 20 1 5 phi gt 30 0 On total earth pressures 2 Safety factor on resistance applied via Gross
67. ord Borehole in the Stockyard s O bject Types pane and choose New Borehole on the menu that appears mM ReWakRD creates a new Borehole and displays its property box M On the Layers page select Layer 1 in the Available box and click on the button with a single arrow pointing to the right gt The layer moves from the Available box to the Chosen box Click on the OK button to confirm the borehole s properties Finally drag the borehole onto the Workbook s Drawing Board where it automatically appears on both sides of the wall 52 ReW aRD 2 5 User M anual The Drawing Board now looks something like this Workbook Example C2 OF x i20 F 10 5 0 5 i 10 15 al 10 k E k E k E kbh E BY Note the appearance of the soil column WE The colour pattern of the main part of the soil column represents the soil in this case a clay The colour pattern of the corner piece represents the layer in this case undrained Provided you installed ReW aRD in its default folder you will find a copy of this worked example in its current state in the folder PROGRAM FILES GEOCENTRIX REWARD2 TUTORIAL 2 under the name STEP4 RWD Adding the remaining objects The remaining objects for you to create are two water tables on either side of the wall and a prop Chapter 5 Tutorial 2 propped wall in stiff clay 53 To add the first water table Right click on the words Water Table in the Stockyard s O bject Types pane
68. ow you can use them to optimize your designs ReW aRD provides a number of tools to increase your efficiency in using the program You can see what tools are available to you by clicking on the Tools item on the menu bar 24 ReW aRD 2 5 User M anual Startup W izard The Start up W izard is designed to speed up your use of ReW aRD by listing the four most common tasks that users perform when they first start the program aiya ReWaRD to Welcome to RevaRD 2 5 XM Cancel What do you want to do today Bun the Construction wizard BARRO Da e e aa E a e a a a a ili Create a new project Create a new project from a Template Open an existing project Select which option you want from those provided and click the Go button alternatively double click on the desired option to select and go in one action The Start up Wizard automatically appears each time you run ReW aRD If you want to display the Start up W izard at any other time choose the Start up Wizard command from the Tools menu Construction W izard The Construction Wizard helps you build up a multi stage construction sequence by answering a few key questions O nce the Construction Wizard has built your multi staged project you can then edit it to meet your precise requirements Construction Wizard S Step 1 Please specify the finished geometry of the retaining structure ig Go f Cantilever b Next Propped Cantilever ia 4 Pr
69. owing official and de facto design standards Civil Engineering Code of Practice CP2 British Steel s Piling Handbook 6th Edition CIRIA Report 104 Hong Kong Geoguide 1 2nd Edition British Standard 8002 European pre Standard ENV 1997 Eurocode 7 Added Print Preview and Page Setup commands Added a recently used file list to the File menu Provided pre built templates as a quick way of building common design scenarios Cut Copy and Paste commands added to the Edit menu allowing you to transfer engineering objects between different ReWaRD documents and to transfer the results of your calculations to any spreadsheet that can read M icrosoft Excel files Start up and Construction Wizards added to help novice users get started and experienced users become more efficient in their use of the program Commands added to the Window menu to enable you to open close minimize and restore the various windows ReW aRD Chapter 11 Upgrading from previous versions 111 creates Introduced an integrated design environment comprising the Stockyard see Chapter 7 and Workbooks Chapter 8 Added earth pressures calculations for king post walls using Broms method Added structural force calculations for multi pro pped walls using the hinge method described in BS8002 Equilibrium conditions could be determined by any one of three methods using partial or lumped factors of safety Radical overhaul of ReW aRD s user interface Project Informa
70. passive pressures 0 Minimum active pressure 5kFa m Ti Safety margins on geometry T E Unplanned excavation None wolf Softened formation 1m Ep Factors on structural forces E On bending moments 1 5 wolf On shear forces 1 5 E EP On prop forces k Moments wet Overtuming 10683 kNmm 2 Restoring 10693 kNm m n0 Qut of balance 0 kNm m iw Restonng Overturning 100 cof The wall is in equilibrium He Me E k E k E k E b b The minimum safe embedment for this wall is 15 5m based on a 56 ReW aRD 2 5 User M anual Safety factor of 1 35 applied to the effective earth resistance the 1 35 is obtained by interpolation between a value of 1 2 for 20 and 1 5 for 30 the stiff clay in this example has p 25 CIRIA 104 on page 136 gives a depth of embedment of approximately 7 5m for F 1 35 making the toe depth 15 5m as given by ReW aRD Calculating structural forces To calculate structural forces in the wall Mm Choose the Structural Forces command on the Workbook s Calculate menu Mm Or Click on the Calculate Structural Forces button on the W orkbook s Toolbar ReWaRD calculates the embedment of the wall at failure i e in equilibrium with no safety factors applied and uses the earth pressures for this embedment to calculate the structural forces in the wall See the ReWaRD Reference Manual for further information Chapter 5 Tutorial 2 propped wall in stiff clay 57
71. pter 7 The Stockyard 87 enter whatever information the program needs to define that object The property box knows what type of object you are creating or editing and only asks you for information that is relevant to that object The following picture shows one of ReWaRD s object oriented property boxes F E T m Ca N B E i ok y General Dimensions Stiffness Hotes 4 OK Hame Frop 1 Type Horizontal Cancel Defaults Help There are a number of features that are common to all of ReW aRD s property boxes These include The object s identifying icon on the far left of the box On the General page an edit control for entering the name of the object and some text indicating the type of object being created edited O ne or more pages containing controls for entering the object s properties e g in the picture above Dimensions and Stiffness On the Notes page space for entering notes about this object for future reference On the Defaults page buttons to allow you to save and reset the default settings in Windows Registry for this object type OK and Cancel buttons A Defaults button which allows you to load the default settings for this object type from Window s Registry A Help button for accessing the on line help system Identifying icons Each one of ReWaRD s 50 engineering objects has a unique identifying icon which is displayed in the top left hand corner of that obje
72. r menu bar toolbar main work area and status bar 20 Title Bar M enu Bar Toolbar ReWaRD 2 5 User M anual abel E Professional Edition File Edit View Design Tools Window Help Fa Bein ATE The Title Bar displays the name and version number of the program The Control menu at the left hand edge of the Title Bar provides commands for sizing moving or closing ReW aRD s main window The row of buttons at the right hand edge of the Title Bar provide quick ways of maximizing or minimizing and closing ReW aRD s main window The M enu Bar provides groups of commands for manipulating files editing and viewing objects setting properties choosing a design standard performing calculations running tools arranging windows and accessing on line help Some items File Edit View Design Tools Window and Help appear on the Menu Bar at all times Others such as Create Properties and Calculate appear when needed depending on which view is active The Toolbar provides buttons that help you perform certain tasks quickly without using the menus The Toolbar changes when you change the active view If you pause while passing the mouse pointer over a toolbar button ReW aRD displays the name of that button This makes it easier for Chapter 3 Overview 21 you to recall what each button does M ain work area The Desktop s main work area acts as a container for ReW aRD s Stockyard and Workbook views
73. r force are also given Workbook Stage 2 Generated lel ES 1240 20 15 10 0 he 10 15 20 2 sz Largest factored bending moment 106 7 kNm m Largest factored bending moment 99 7 kN m SSS See SSeS See SSeS eee ee eee eee See ee eee See ee eee See ee eee eee ReWaRD also provides the results of the structural forces calculations in a table or spreadsheet To view the results in this format choose the Table command from the Workbook s View menu Calculating displacements ReW aRD calculates displacements using a database of measured movements of existing walls which has been incorporated into the program Full details of these calculations are given in the ReWaRD Reference M anual To calculate displacements choose the Displacements command from the Workbook s Calculate menu ReWaRD displays a box informing you that it generated 2 error warning messages during 80 ReW aRD 2 5 User M anual the calculations If you inspect the M essages View and look under the node labelled Calculating displacements you will see that ReWaRD cannot decide which profile to use to calculate displacements This is because the stratified nature of the ground conditions makes it difficult for ReW aRD to select a predominant soil type i e sand stiff clay or soft clay To proceed you need to tell ReWaRD which soil you consider predominates To do so choose Options from the W orkbook s Calculate menu and select the Displacemen
74. rd to make it active Although you could create a ground profile via the Stockyard s Create menu as before instead use one of the buttons on the Stockyard s Toolbar to do the same thing You can locate which button to use by moving your mouse pointer over each button in turn until you find one whose tool tip reads Create ground profile see picture alongside l W hen you click this button the following box appears Create Ground Profile E3 Select the object to create Choose Horizontal and click O K ReW aRD creates a new Horizontal Ground Profile and displays its property box Since there are no properties to set for this object just click O K to save it in the Stockyard To add the new ground profile to the construction stage 48 ReW aRD 2 5 User M anual Click on the words Ground Profile 1 in the Stockyard s Existing O bjects pane and holding the left mouse button down drag the object onto the W orkbook s Drawing Board E When you move your pointer over the Workbook the cursor should change from this amp to this R mM When the cursor changes symbol release your finger and the ground profile will be added to the construction stage Repeat these instructions for a horizontal excavation but change the depth of the excavation to 8m before O K ing its property box Properties of Excavation 1 Generated d General Dimensione Plan Dimensions Motes AJH i Depth Fa ape Cancel
75. rint the report 104 Printing ReW aRD 2 5 User M anual To print a report Mm Choose the Print command on ReW aRD s File menu Mm Or Click on the Print button on the Toolbar The Print box that appears allows you choose which pages you want to print how many copies to print whether to collate the pages etc Print EW Printer Default Printer HP DeskJet ok SS0L 855C on LPT 1 ok Cancel Setup Selection C Pages From fi To 999 Print quality 300 dpi Copies fi Print to file M Collate copies Chapter 10 Customizing the program 105 Chapter 10 Customizing the program This chapter gives a brief explanation of how you can customize ReW aRD to suit your particular requirements Further details can be found in ReW aRD s on screen Help system Windows Registry ReW aRD stores its default parameters in W indows Registry under the key HKEY LOCAL MACHIN E SO FTWARE Geocentrix ReW aRD 2 5 Although you can edit these settings by hand if you wish we strongly recommend that you alter the program s defaults via various controls that are provided throughout ReW aRD Program wide settings You can change ReW aRD s program wide settings by choosing the Preferences command from the program s Edit menu W hen you do so the following box appears Preferences E4 Statue Toos Manuais Advanced os if Show Splash Screen at Startup x Cancel f Defaults Help
76. rrrererrirrerrrrrererrrrrrrrirrrrrirrrrrerrrrrrrirrrrrrtrrr rrr rirr rir irri iriir trite O Er Stage 4 Generated ai Results page The Results page shows a list of all the calculations that you can perform for a Construction Stage through its Workbook For each Stage you select on the Workbooks page see above ReW aRD prints the results that you select on the Results page To customize the printout still further select the specific components of these results you want to print from the other pages that appear in the Page Setup dialog box Chapter 9 Producing reports 103 Page Setup Stockyard Workbooks Results Layout Print the following information XM Cancel Dja Drawing Board Dg Earth Pressures wf Defaults Bhp Overall Stability 2 Help Wop Structural Forces Bhp Peck s Envelopes Bip Base Stability OY Displacements Messages Layout page The Layout page allows you to customize the size of the margins that appear around your report Print preview To see a preview of what will be printed when you choose ReW aRD s Print command Mm Choose the Print Preview command on ReW aRD s File menu Mm Or Click on the Print Preview button on the Toolbar The toolbar at the top of the print preview screen allows you to scroll forwards and backwards through the report zoom in or out of the selected current page view one or two pages at time set the printer up and when you are ready to proceed p
77. run an interactive demonstration of ReWaRD click onthe demo icon no files are copied to your computer 2 4 Click on the top icon to install the full version of ReW aRD 5 Follow the instructions on screen To run ReW aRD 1 From Windows Start menu click Programs Geocentrix ReW aRD ReWaRD 2 5 To uninstall ReW aRD 1 Exit ReW aRD 2 Double click on Add Remove Programs in Windows Control Panel 3 Select ReWaRD and click Add Remove 4 Follow the instructions on screen 18 ReW aRD 2 5 User M anual Chapter 3 O verview 19 Chapter 3 Overview This chapter gives you an overview of ReW aRD s main features Key features ReW aRD s user interface revolves around two main views mM The Stockyard where you create edit and delete engineering objects mM Workbooks where you define stages in the construction sequence and perform engineering calculations In addition ReWaRD has a number of tools and features which assist you in getting the best out of the Stockyard W orkbook interface Wizards are provided to speed up frequently performed tasks such as creating a multi oropped construction sequence Context sensitive dialog boxes and property sheets help to simplify data entry WE Data validation prevents you from entering invalid parameters or choosing Invalid options M On line help is provided at the click of a button The Desktop ReW aRD s Desktop comprises the program s title ba
78. sity 1000kg nF Hydraulcally connected to overlying water The Stockyard is divided into three separate panes showing the O bject Types top left Existing O bjects top tight and Properties of Selected O bject bottom You can re size each pane by dragging the divider bars left and right or up and down when the cursor changes to one of these symbols 84 ReW aRD 2 5 User M anual O bject types The Object Types pane lists all the engineering objects you can create ranging from ground profiles and excavations through to surcharges and imposed loads The O bject Types pane provides over 50 different engineering objects for you to use each one uniquely identified by an easy to follow full colour symbol amp ehL amp UO FS me lt When you click on one of the items listed in the O bject Types pane the Existing O bjects pane see below changes to show all the existing objects of that type To create a new object Construction Stage To create a new object Ground Profile Excavation Mm Choose one of the commands on the Stockyard s Create menu see the ol picture alongside Laver Or Right click on an item in the Object _ Borehole Types pane and choose the New O bject command l l Surcharge Mm Or Doubleclick on an item in the Imposed Load O bject Types pane E Or Click on one of the buttons on the Retaining Wall Stockyard s Toolbar Prop Anchor
79. t document describes the design of a sheet pile cofferdam used to support a sub surface tank in a mixed soil profile The ground conditions at the site comprise 4m of sand and gravel y 18 and y 20 3KN m 35 c 0 2 5m of firm clay y 21kN m C 60kPa 3m of silty sand y 20 3kN m 30 c 0 2m of soft firm clay y 20kN m C 40kPa M edium coarse sand y 20 3kN m 35 c 0 The cofferdam will be open for less than 3 months and open to full excavation depth for no more than two weeks hence a total stress analysis is appropriate Ground water level is 2 5m below ground surface W ater pressures in the medium coarse sand are sub artesian with a pressure head y and y unsaturated and saturated unit weights respectively angle of friction c effective cohesion and C undrained strength 62 ReW aRD 2 5 User M anual of 80kPa at the surface of the sand A pumping system will be installed to lower the water pressures in the medium coarse sand by 80kPa throughout the depth of interest The permanent works are to be constructed on top of a base slab at a depth of 8m A 0 5m thick drainage layer is to be placed beneath the base slab so that the final formation is at a depth of 8 5m The sheet piles will have an upstand of 1m The first frame will be installed at 0 5m above ground level and the excavation taken down to 5m before installing the second frame The second fram
80. the new wall Then drag the wall onto the W orkbook s Drawing Board 50 ReW aRD 2 5 User M anual Provided you installed ReW aRD in its default folder you will find a copy of this worked example in its current state in the folder PROGRAM FILES GEOCENTRIX REWARD2 TUTORIAL 2 under the name STEP3 RWD Creating a soil column Now it is time to define the soil column at the site This involves creating three different objects A soil to represent the properties of the stiff clay m A layer to represent the geometry and drainage conditions of that soil A borehole to represent the elevation and ordering of the layers Although you could create the soil by using any of the methods described above you can speed up the creation of objects still further by using one of the Object Stockyard s context menus as follows Gravel m Right click on the word Soil in the Stockyard s Sand O bject Types pane Granular Silt E Choose the command New Clay from the __ anesive silt pop up menu that appears Organic ReWaRD creates a new Clay Soil and displays its Sranutar Fil property box Then set the following properties ell ru q On the General page change the soil sname Mek li River oil oo cay Custom Soll M On the Classification page change the soll s classification to Unclassified Stiff E Onthe Density W eight page click on the Unit Weight button if not already selected and then change t
81. ties page change the depth to 5 0m to bring it back into line with the changed excavation depth Click OK to confirm the water table s properties To create a new water table Right click on Water table in the Stockyard s O bjects Types pane m Choose New gt Hydrostatic on the pop up menu that appears mM ReWaRD displays a property sheet for the newly created water table On the General page change the water table s name to Sub artesian water table Chapter 6 Tutorial 3 cofferdam in mixed soils 71 E On the Properties page change the depth to 11 5m On the Connectivity page un check the option Connected to O verlying Water Tables and set the Ambient Pressure to 80kPa Click OK to confirm the water table s properties Check that the Workbook for Stage 2 is still at the front of all the other Workbooks Then select the sub artesian water table in the Stockyard s O bjects Pane and drag it onto the Stage 2 s Drawing Board The cursor will change shape from amp to ky as you do this When you let go of the mouse button the water table appears on whichever side of the wall you let go of the mouse button Repeat the exercise again but drop the water table on the other side of the wall Now duplicate the sub artesian water table by selecting it from the Stockyard s O bjects Pane and choosing the Duplicate command from the Edit menu Then double click on the duplicate which ReW aRD has named W
82. tion box moved to the Properties menu Version 1 x s Information M anagers replaced by Version 2 0 s Stockyard The Ground and Structure menus from Version 1 x replaced by the Stockyard s View and Create menus The ability to change the value of gravity was removed Version 1 x s Earth Pressures Factors of Safety Bending Moments Prop Forces and Displacements windows were replaced by Version 2 0 s Workbooks Various design options were brought together in Design Standards The results of base stability calculations were made available on a separate page of each Workbook Added automatic selection of Peck s envelope Added automatic selection of the displacement database Graphs were made an integral part of the program 112 ReW aRD 2 5 User M anual
83. tive earth pressures 1 2 phi lt 20 1 5 phi 30 ff On total earth pressures 2 i Safety Factor on resistance applied via Gross passive pressures wf Minimum active pressure 5kPa m I0 Safety margins on geometry _ H E Factors on structural forces El 7 Moments 2 Overtuming 1868 kNm m 2 Restoring 1868 kNm m Dut of balance 0 kNm m on Restoring Overturning 100 cof The wall is in equilibrium H CE With actual safety factors fe At failure Ba We E k E k E k E b i See the ReWaRD Reference M anual for an explanation of what the terms as built at minimum safe embedment with maximum safety factors and at failure mean structural forces Structural forces include bending moments and shear forces acting in the retaining wall and forces in any props or anchors used to support it Structural forces can only be calculated if the wall is in a condition of stable equilibrium ReWaRD automatically adjusts the earth pressures acting on the wall in order to achieve equilibrium before calculating the structural forces Full details of these calculations are given in the ReWaRD Reference M anual Chapter 6 Tutorial 3 cofferdam in mixed soils 719 To calculate structural forces choose the Structural Forces command from the W orkbook s Calculate menu ReW aRD displays the structural forces diagram which shows the bending moments and shear forces acting on the wall The maximum bending moment and shea
84. ts page Un tick the Auto Select box select Sand and click the O K button This time when you choose Displacements from the W orkbook s Calculate menu ReWaRD displays the following diagram This is a graphical view of the settlement and horizontal movement envelopes predicted by the database A summary of the maximum settlement and horizontal movement both average and upper and lower bounds to the data are also given Workbook Stage 27 Generated Max Settlement Max Displacement Upper 20mm Upper 2 mm Average 15mm Average 20mm Lower 10mm Lower 13mm ae Fk m fhPFeck s Envelope HABase Stability Displacements Y Messages Chapter 6 Tutorial 3 cofferdam in mixed soils 81 Reviewing messages ReW aRD provides an audit trail of the actions you take in each Workbook including m A record of any objects added to or removed from the construction stage m A record of the start and finish of any calculations you perform m Any warning or error messages generated by the calculations To review these messages choose the Messages command from the W orkbook s View menu Workbook Stage 2 Generated F lt Validating the construction stage Calculating earth pressures as built for the specified wall length and safety factors H Calculating earth pressures at the minimum safe embedment with the specified safety factors Calculating earth pressures with maximized safety factors for th
85. u Cres where lt Name gt is the name of ESP Cte the object este ETIE Or Right click on the object Delete Del and choose the Properties of lt Name gt command on the pop up menu that appears see Mowe Up the picture alongside Move Down O r Double click on the object with the left mouse button To cut copy paste delete duplicate or move an existing object Click on the object and choose one of the commands on the Stockyard s Edit menu Or Right click on the object and choose one of the editing commands on the pop up menu that appears see picture above Or Click on the object and press one of the shortcut keys Ctr1 xX to Cut Ctrl C to copy Ctrl V to paste or Del to delete mM Or Click on the object and then click on one of the editing buttons cut copy or paste on the Stockyard s Toolbar If a command cannot be applied to the selected object e g the Move Up command is irrelevant to objects at the top of the Existing O bjects pane it is disabled and its menu command and toolbar button are dimmed Properties pane The Properties of Existing O bject pane gives a brief summary of the selected object s properties A scroll bar appears in the Properties Pane if there is too much information to fit in the space available Property boxes Whenever you create a new object or edit the properties of an existing object ReW aRD displays a property box so that you can Cha
86. u to continue until you have corrected the error RewaRD 2 5 a xX Young s modulus must be between 200 and 220 GPa When ReW aRD detects a value that is unusually large or small it displays an appropriate warning message and asks you to confirm the value you have entered Chapter 7 The Stockyard 91 Choose Yes to confirm the value or No if you want to change it If you do not understand why a particular warning or error message is being triggered click on the property box s Help button for further information 92 ReW aRD 2 5 User M anual Chapter 8 Workbooks 93 Chapter 8 Workbooks ReW aRD s Workbooks can be used to define or display mM Separate stages in a construction sequence Alternative construction scenarios E Different views of the same construction stage BE Workbook Stage 1 Generated IES Js Workbook Stage 2 Generated MIE Js workbook Stage 3 Generated MIE ie 1 250 10 S 5 10 1 1 Although each document can have only one Stockyard it may have an unlimited number of Workbooks on display at any one time Each W orkbook comprises a number of pages as follows mM The Drawing Board M Results pages presented either graphically or as a table mM The Messages Page 94 ReW aRD 2 5 User M anual You can display a particular page by m Choosing one ofthe commands on the W orkbook s View menu Z Clicking on its tab atthe bottom x asl
87. ual Conventions To help you locate and interpret information easily the ReWaRD U ser M anual uses the following typographical conventions This Represents Bold Items on a menu or in a list box the text on a button or next to an edit control or the label of a group box Item1 gt Item2 An item on a cascading menu Item1 is the name of an option on the main menu bar such as File or Window and Item2 is the name of an option on the cascading menu that appears when you select Item1 such as New or Open Thus File New represents the New command from the File menu Italic Place holders for information you must provide For example if you are asked to type filename you should type the actual name for a file instead of the word shown in italics Italic type also signals a new term An explanation immediately follows the italicized term monospaced Anything you must type on the keyboard CAPITALS Directory names filenames and acronyms KEY 1 KEY 2 An instruction to press and hold down key 1 before pressing key 2 For example ALT ESC means press and hold down the ALT key before pressing the ESC key Then release both keys KEY1 KEY2 An instruction to press and release key 1 before pressing key 2 For example ALT F means press and release the ALT key before pressing and releasing the F key Chapter 1 Introduction 13 W here to go for help Your first source of help and information should be the ReW aRD manuals and the
88. views By toggling between the Picture and Table commands on the W orkbook s View menu E Or By toggling between the Picture and Table buttons on the W orkbook s Toolbar Customizing a page You can customize each page s display by choosing the Page command on the W orkbook s Properties menu This command is also available on the pop up menu that appears when you right click on a Workbook page Additionally in the table based pages you can customize each column s display by choosing the Properties of Column lt Letter gt command on the W orkbook s Properties menu where lt Letter gt is the column s letter starting at A This command is also available on the pop up menu that appears when you right click on a table column Chapter 8 Workbooks 99 Choosing a layout You can change to any one of anumber of pre defined layouts for ReW aRD s table pages by choosing the appropriate command from the W orkbook s View menu For example to display as built earth pressure coefficients WE First calculate the earth pressures as built by choosing the Earth Pressures As Built command from the W orkbook s Calculate menu Then switch to table display by choosing the Table command from the W orkbook s View menu WE Finally display the earth pressure coefficients by choosing the Earth Pressures gt Coefficients command from the W orkbook s View menu You can also save the current layout for later re use

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