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Guide to geographical data and maps

1. 37 7 6 STANDARD ELEMENTS FEATURES IN 8 0200050000000000 38 1 7 STANDARD LAYER 68 00000000 stessa seres acis 39 7 8 COLOUR AND GRAPHICS 8 0 0000000000000 rers tareas serva passare sacs 40 lt 42 Version 2 0 2006 01 20 www eionet eu int gis Page 4 of 55 7 10 TEXT TRANSLATION IMPLICATIONS 2 204 000000000 42 7 11 MAP TEMPLATES IN 150 6 43 7 12 MAP TEMPLATES IN ADOBE ILLUSTRATOR FORMAT cccccscccssccssceescesscescescesceeecees 43 8 EEA MAP TEMPLATES FOR GIS TOOLS FOR EASY MAP MAKING 44 9 1 WHY USE A PREDEFINED MAP 11 tese i i esee ses seen ean 44 5 2 AVAILABLE GIS TEMPLATE erede cua ho Ee ecu en doe 44 8 3 ARCGIS TEMPLATE FILES AND USING OTHER 44 8 4 STANDARD MAP DATA FOR MAP 5 45 8 5 QUICK GUIDE TO USING ARCGIS MXT TEMPLATE 5 46 8 6 PREDEFINED MAP EXTENTS AND STANDARD MAP DATA FOR ARCVIEW 3 X AND OTHER 47 9 METADATA FOR GEOGRAPHICAL DATA AND 5 2 7 2 48 9 1 REQUIREMENTS ON GIS AND MAP DELIVERABLES
2. 48 9 2 EEA STANDARD FOR METADATA 2 660 0 600 tese ese 48 9 3 DIFFERENT METADATA REQUIREMENTS FOR DIFFERENT KINDS 48 9 4 USING EEA METADATA EDITOR FOR 49 9 5 USING EEA SPATIAL DATA METADATA INFORMATION FORM ecce eene 54 9 6 USING EEA METADATA FORM FOR 5 6 6 55 Version 2 0 2006 01 20 www eionet eu int gis Page 5 of 55 1 Overview of topics Since 2001 the EEA has worked on developing guidelines and tools with the aims of e standardising the handling of geographical data by considering the following aspects O projections O accuracy o formats o data structure o quality control routines e standardising maps for printed reports and Web applications in terms of o map extents o colours o creating generalised data and template files for use with ArcGIS o creating ready to use maps for use with Adobe Illustrator e developing Web services e developing standards and tools for metadata handling e improving quality of information delivered to and used by EEA 1 1 Overview of topics by chapter The table is a quick guide to which chapters contain information on the listed topics Topic Ch 2 Ch 3 Ch 4 Ch 5 Ch 6 Ch 7 Ch 8 Ch 9 Datum X X EEA map data X Geodatabases
3. mBmRmRRK 20 5 2 EXAMPLES OF GRIDS USED IN ENVIRONMENTAL MAPPING eccececcececcececcscecescecscececes 20 5 3 TYPES OF REFERENCE GRIDS 2 20 01 000000000000 se ese 20 5 4 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SELECTING OR DEFINING A GRID ccccceccccececcecescecescecesesceces 23 6 EXTENTS USED BY THE EEA 27 6 1 MAP EXTENTS NORTH SOUTH EAST WEST ccccccscccsscccscccsccessccuscceusceeescceseceeeceescees 27 6 2 RECOMMENDED EXTENTS FULL SERIES ccccesceccecccccceccsceccecceceecescecsecacceseececs 27 6 3 MAP EXTENTS ILLUSTRATIONS EEA MAP EXTENT 5 00 0 28 6 4 SPECIFICATION OF MAP EXTENTS BY 0 serere ranis 35 7 EEA MAP LAYOUT AND POSTSCRIPT MAP TEMPLATES FOR REPORTS 36 m p STANDARD SIZE FOR POSTSCRIPT 8 200000000000 36 Tee STANDARD MAP PROJECTIONS 6 37 7 3 MAP EXTENTS FOR POSTSCRIPT MAPS AND OTHER FINAL VERSION MAPS 37 7 4 SCALES OF POSTSCRIPT MAP S oie sesta 37 1 9 LEVEL OF GENERALISATION ceto rre erar
4. LONG_DE LAT DEGLAT MINLAT SECLAT NSG LONG MINLONG SECLONG EW LAT DD LONG DD 58 56 05 N 17 51 35 E 58 9347 17 8597 7 32 10 N 18 03 46 7 5361 18 0628 58 12 4445 N 17 51 48 05 W 58 2123 17 8633 Here the conversion to DD lat long 15 done by leaving degrees as they are and adding as decimals the min and sec by taking the min value and dividing by 60 and taking the sec value and dividing by 3 600 formula deg min 60 sec 3600 DD Remember that west values should give negative long values and south values should give negative lat values Version 2 0 2006 01 20 www eionet eu int gis Page 13 of 55 4 GIS data delivery vector and raster formats This chapter addresses central issues about how the EEA and its partners should deliver and store GIS data GIS data are all data stored in a GIS format and with geographical referencing linked to a coordinate reference system GIS data are used for different operations for data collection spatial analyses assessments and for the production of maps GIS data do not include maps pasted or stored in files without a reference system Such maps are labelled postscript maps Postscript files are for example AI EPS WMF EMF or PDF see Chapter 7 The EEA receives data from three main sources countries responding to reporting obligations ETCs merging national data into new European datasets and carrying out assessments resulting in new GIS data e third parties deli
5. The MGRS itself is an alphanumeric version of a numerical UTM Universal Transverse Mercator or UPS Universal Polar Stereographic grid coordinate In the year 2000 representatives of the atlas groups mapping European vascular plants mammals birds amphibians reptiles fungi and invertebrates also agreed to use the MGRS as a common grid for species distribution mapping MGRS have some serious disadvantages Cells do not cover the same area or have the same length of sides along latitude This implies that cell statistics are difficult to calculate On the other hand MGRS is widely known and many datasets are using the MGRS grid Version 2 0 2006 01 20 www eionet eu int gis Page 22 of 55 5 3 5 EMEP grid The EMEP Co operative Programme for Monitoring and Evaluation of the Long range Transmission of Air pollutants in Europe projection is a polar stereographic projection with two available cell sizes 50 km grid and 150 km grid The EMEP grid is based on this projection and designed with minor cell distortion for European coverage It is difficult to combine the EMEP grid with other grids or data based on common Extended EMEP grid 150 km projections because the major axis of the EMEP projection does not coincide with BERENEZ any longitude i e it is not north south 0 s EF RSRNE S oriented EMEP has its own orientation of st TTT PRY IX LL ES the axis This makes transformation SEEDS rou
6. 1 640 000 2 030 000 Map 1 Map 2 c Map 2 c insert LAEA 52N 10E 5 500 000 2 500 000 7 350 000 Canary Is 300 000 400 000 2 120 000 Is 2 700 000 780 000 500 000 Madeira Is 650 000 640 000 2 030 000 Map 2 c s Map 2 Map 2 c ns Map 3 c Map 3 Map 3 Map 3 Map 4 c Map 4 c n LAEA 52N 10E Times 10E 6 200 000 10 850 000 14 500 000 14 500 000 Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area LAEA datum ETRS89 52 10 E false easting 4 321 000 false northing 3 210 000 Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area LAEA datum ETRSS9 52 65 E false easting 8 446 000 false northing 3 210 000 e Times datum WGS84 10 E false easting 0 false northing 0 Version 2 0 2006 01 20 www eionet eu int gis Page 35 of 55 7 EEA map layout and postscript templates for reports EEA has developed a set of specifications for maps and legends This chapter focuses on maps produced for reports but much of the information is also relevant for maps produced for the Web The EEA and ETCs are expected to use the specifications frequently 7 1 Standard size for postscript maps The EEA has a standard layout for printed reports Each page is built up of two columns of 82 4 mm and between the columns there is a 5 mm space see Figure 7 1 The columns can be subdivided into two 38 7 mm columns with 5 mm space Maps produced for reports as well as for factsheets should as far as possible follow these
7. 2 3 2 Conversion from national coordinate reference systems At national level a series of different coordinate reference systems is used It 1s essential that conversion is done with care without losing significant accuracy Therefore proper transformation routines have to be observed The European initiative on coordinate reference systems also provides information at national level the national mapping agencies or comparable institutions organisations provide information for the descriptions of the national coordinate reference systems and for transformation parameters between the Version 2 0 2006 01 20 www eionet eu int gis Page 8 of 55 national coordinate reference systems and the European coordinate reference system ETRS89 EVRS For more information see the website http crs ifag de e The EEA recommends that transformation between national systems and the European coordinate reference system be done by using the agreed transformation parameters for different countries see the link above 2 4 EEA recommendations specific projections for different purposes and products The guidelines below are relevant for any organisation involved in handling geographical information systems GIS data to be delivered to the EEA or in the treatment of such data on behalf of the EEA The projection guidelines are also relevant to the EEA s own data use and management The European Commission recommends use of three different proje
8. Alternative title Capitals J PROJECTS l H EN TEMP DATA Brief abstract mapdata for templates Capital cities H E LISER Capital cities A lyr file with display information following the EEA ai UTILITIES abstract standard It is recommended to use this file when the layer is added to a project in ArcMap Keywords Urban Template 3 ch ESI reel dm Version 2 0 2006 01 20 www eionet eu int gis Page 51 of 55 Editing metadata To add or edit metadata to a dataset select the dataset click metadata tab press the Metadata Edit E button The editor splits metadata into four groups Metadata on Metadata Data Identification Distribution Information and Other Information Navigate between these groups using the tab page Metadata information marked with a green star is mandatory The editor uses a database for storing often used addresses or contacts You can edit this database if you have Access installed on your computer Other metadata elements such as file format and geographic reference system are automatically synchronised with the metadata See the EEA Metadata Editor user manual for further information http www eionet eu int gis 28 Metadata Editor EEA MSGI V1 0 Metadata TA Distribution 4 Metadars Dataset Identification inte eR Other Information i Mette PaltzschLund 000000 Position name GIS Operator Address Delivery p
9. EEA Metadata Editor designed specifically for EEA MSGI The editor provides an easy way to edit and visualise metadata 9 4 1 Installing editor You can find an EEA Metadata Editor installation zip file at http www eionet eu int gis Follow the instructions in the installation manual Version 2 0 2006 01 20 www eionet eu int gis Page 49 of 55 9 4 2 Using editor When using ArcCatalog with the EEA Metadata Editor installed you can view browse and edit metadata according to 15019115 and EEA MSGI The editor is used the same way as the editors supplied by ESRI Please consult the ArcCatalog user manual for more information about metadata editors The editor works on any file format accepted by ArcCatalog including geodatabases Viewing metadata The editor provides two new metadata stylesheets metadata views a stylesheet for identifying a dataset called EEA MSGI Simple and a stylesheet for viewing all EEA MSGI metadata information called EEA MSGI Standard Change the view of metadata in the metadata toolbar which appears when the metadata tab 1s selected Simple stylesheet EEA MSGI Simple ArcCatalog ArcInfo J3DATAXEEASEEAmap EEAmapdata 21 capibals shp 5 E BE x File Edit wiew Go Tools Help 2 7 Stylesheet e j Simple metadata view Metadata on metadata P Point of contact European Environment Ag
10. Geneva or Arial Font size AII text is 7 pt headings in bold category text 771 Atlantic is normal Text colour is 100 96 black Black Sea E Boreal Spacing between legend elements In the example the ENS Continental spacing between title and legend items is 8 pt The spacing between label patches vertically is 5 pt 5 pt cm Macaronesia Mediterranean Other I Pannonian AII text 1s left oriented Where category text is longer than one line the first EUM Steppic line should be aligned with the label patch 8 pt TE putside data coverage Allow space between numbers and 7 96 Allow no space in year spans 1900 2000 ro PEG Gi Interval dash is made using ALT 0150 7 10 Text translation implications A number of the EEA reports are translated into the languages of the member countries Text in maps and graphs are also translated and the text parts need to be easily accessible to the translation process Therefore the EEA makes the following recommendations e place text in separate layers e define text with the prescribed fonts and sizes See Section 7 8 for font specifications e do not outline text e text that will be translated later should be black or grey use only the K parameter CMYK see Section 7 8 3 Other text such as numbers or ids on locations could have other colours Note that the EEA advises following Eurostat s practice for maps that the use of geographical names especially seas
11. SYSTEMS ect 8 2 4 EEA RECOMMENDATIONS SPECIFIC PROJECTIONS FOR DIFFERENT PURPOSES AND E RN OU NR esas ares E sess gE 9 2 5 AVAILABLE DOCUMENTS AND FILES FOR WORKING WITH PROJECTIONS 11 3 WORKING WITH POINT LOCATIONS LATITUDE LONGITUDE 12 1 e OO IND E ssa AE E E ET A ee 12 222 FORMATTING LATITUDE LONGITUDE COORDINATES ccceccsscscescecceccceccecceceeceeccescescascs 12 222 CONVERSION FROM DMS FORMAT TO DD FORMAT 2 00000000000000 renis 12 4 GIS DATA DELIVERY VECTOR AND RASTER 8 1 14 Al QUALITY AND QUALITY CONTROL wsicaccssarssessrescavesnnostustecesdusnsenssapnseocedenseodbentseasdusssesakeseens 14 4 2 PROJECTION AND SCALE ccccccccccecceccececccceccecescecceccececcessecaecscecsscesceseeceecuscesescascuseesuecs 14 4 3 RESOLUTION AND 00000000000000 serere sarete tassa 15 4 4 GEOMETRIC QUALITY REPRESENTATION AND 15 Ao DEMAT MEER 16 4 6 NAMING OF FILES AND ATTRIBUTES ccceccccoccecceccececcecceceecesceccsceecesssceecscecescescuseecuecs 16 4 7 RECOMMENDED FORMATS FOR GEOGRAPHICAL 5 6 2 16 5 WORKING WITH GRIDS 2 ccccccscccccsccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccceccccoccees 20 S21 INTRODUCTION NRENRETRRERRRRE
12. been used in Environmental signals reports and Europe s environment the third assessment and are expected to be used in all future EEA publications and information material 6 1 Map extents north south east west When defining map extents north south east west the following aspects were considered Covering the needs for standard maps in reports roughly covering some 70 80 of the total needs There will always be additional maps in other sizes and formats Ability to reuse and mix data from different productions In earlier productions it has been difficult to reuse map components in maps based on different productions as map extents and projections have varied Reusability also requires a standard reference coordinate system and projection Most of the maps are based on the projection Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area projection 52 N 10 E or Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area projection 52 N 20 E see Chapter 2 Some maps extending outside Europe use other parameters and projections Harmonious appearances of maps Map sizes that fit report layout standards Chapter 7 6 2 Recommended map extents a full series The map extent series are defined according to east west coverage Map Extent 1 EU 25 EFTA Map Extent2 EU 25 EFTA three candidate countries CC 3 EEA coverage Map Extent 3 EU 25 EFTA CC 3 Caspian Sea Map Extent 4 EU 25 EFTA CC 3 Caspian Sea Canary Islands Map Extent 5 EU 25 EFTA CC 3 Cas
13. int gis Author Arvid Lillethun Sheila Cryan Jan Bliki Thor Jessen Mette Lund Mette Lund Thor Jessen Mette Lund Chris Steenmans Mette Lund Thor Jessen Thor Jessen Linda Bredahl Jon Jeppesen Mette Lund Page 2 of 55 Foreword The EEA is mandated by its regulation to provide high quality information to support the environmental policy process and sustainable development and for the assessment of environmental achievements and outcomes In this context the EEA will provide more and better quality geographical information Common routines and standardised processes are essential to obtain input data of acceptable quality in order to undertake quality assessments The aim of these guidelines is to provide guidance on spatial data handling to all GIS users who deliver material to EEA products internally at the EEA at European topic centres ETCs or other partners There is a need to strengthen the harmonisation of spatial data handling by different topic areas and to ensure improved quality control on spatial data and derived products e g maps These guidelines and accompanying EEA map data and EEA map templates were presented as draft versions at the Data Managers Workshop in June 2002 and have now been used by the EEA and several of the ETCs since summer 2002 The experience gained since the draft versions were introduced has led to the creation of this version 1 0 of the EEA guide for geographical data and ma
14. of origin 52 N Longitude of origin central meridian 10 E Lambert Azimuthal Equal Map projection ETRS89 Area 5265 Latitude of origin 52 N Longitude of origin central meridian 65 E ETRS LCC Lambert Conformal Conical Map projection ETRS89 Latitude of origin Parallels at 35 N and 65 N Longitude of origin central meridian 10 E Version 2 0 2006 01 20 www eionet eu int gis Page 9 of 55 Mapping data acquisition The EEA does not organise many large scale mapping projects projects including field survey photogrammetry or other mapping techniques Major projects such as Corine Land Cover CLC have additional specifications for how to carry out the mapping General guidelines are e to use the ETRS89 datum in all mapping projects e touse the ETRS TMzn projection with a suitable zone or a well documented local projection e to use latitude longitude values referring to ETRS89 for point data such as the mapping or recording of monitoring site locations Reporting storage and dissemination of GIS data The EEA and its topic centres are involved in merging national data into European datasets carrying out spatial assessments to create new GIS datasets The EEA stores and disseminates these data and recommends that they be handled as follows e use the ETRS89 and EVRF NAP datum e report store and disseminate vector data un projected including polygon data e g watersheds line data e g rivers and point data e g
15. smaller than 25 000 000 m 2 500 ha eliminated 20 mill all areas smaller than 100 000 000 m 10 000 ha eliminated 4 3 3 Generalisation of lines vectors GISCO has stated that the following factors parameters are to be used in generalising the NUTS boundaries statistical regions in Europe with the function Bendsimplify in Arc Info 3 mill weed tolerance 1 500 m 10 mill weed tolerance 4 500 m 20 mill weed tolerance 8 000 m 4 4 Geometric quality representation and topology Provide a short description of the geometric quality of the dataset If the original data have been converted from national systems the conversion process should be documented Maintain any available information concerning the geometric quality of original national data either as an attribute in the vector dataset or as part of the written documentation metadata Version 2 0 2006 01 20 www eionet eu int gis Page 15 of 55 4 5 Thematic quality Provide a short description of the quality of the thematic attributes in the dataset Indicate which attributes are original data supplied by countries or third party organisations and which attributes are added by ETCs or other partners The latter is often needed for the purpose of harmonising measurement units 4 6 Naming of files and attributes Naming of files and attributes should normally follow the style recommended by the GISCO database manual If this is not considered practical then an alternative pr
16. towns houses There are two main exceptions o for vector data that are only intended to be used in production of small scale maps for reports it is recommended to use ETRS LAEA 52 N 10 E o large scale vector data scale gt 1 500 000 mapped in the countries using ETRS TMzn or a well documented local projection should be reported and stored in this format e report store and disseminate raster data in the following way o European coverage or raster data use ETRS LAEA 52 N 10 E e g CLC 2000 raster data merged as European dataset elevation country wise raster data or data with other regional split up use ETRS TMzn or a well documented local projection e g from national Image 2000 data Measurements and spatial analysis It is important to use a projection suited for the purpose e For European wide measurements analysis the EEA recommends using ETRS LAEA 52 10E as this is an area true projection It should be used when combining layers measuring areas and distances and in sampling processes for statistical purposes Maps in reports factsheets and on the Web The EEA has decided upon some common projections for all map presentations in main reports factsheets and on the EEA websites including the ETC and Eionet websites Different projections were compared leading to the following recommendations All template files for maps available from http www eionet eu int gis are based on these specifications e For m
17. Deliver with the Supports topology Disk folder structure coverage folder Only supported by structure fully ESRI intact Many versions Discontinued export E00 No For export Non generic format interchange file between old Designed for data ESRI exchange between systems old ESRI systems Version 2 0 2006 01 20 www eionet eu int gis Page 17 of 55 Drawing DXF No AutoCAD format Made for CAD interchange files drawings fies ee files k eee n design files format Emme e qee Format format 4 7 3 XML formats mended Geography GML Yes Preferred by Future standard of Still under Markup EEA exchanging vector development Language data Takes up a lot of version 2 1 2 or space 3 0 4 7 4 Table formats Datasets only including points may be delivered as tables with an X and Y coordinate see also Chapter 3 Format name Short Recom Comments Advantages emt name rm Microsoft Access Yes Stores multiple tables Each table as one Database as a relational file database dBASE5 DBF Yes Only point Easy to use Each table as one shapes Accepted by all file systems Microsoft Excel XLS No Only point Easy to use Each table as one shapes Accepted by many file systems Conversion to other format needed to use in ArcGIS Comma separated TXT Only point Accepted by all systems Characters might be text file shapes read differently iy Sporty on syste
18. EEA to be used in map production are based on a level of generalisation in the databases comparable to a scale of 1 40 000 000 or even lower see Section 7 6 Accordingly maps based on these data are not suitable for reproduction in magnified versions 1 e posters Most data layers have been modified and generalised from more detailed data to suit the aims of the templates Examples of modification are generalising lines dissolving polygons removing small polygons and reclassifying code lists The source of the map data and the procedures for modification are defined in metadata attached to the shape files Version 2 0 2006 01 20 www eionet eu int gis Page 45 of 55 8 5 Quick guide to using ArcGIS mxt template files 1 Download the relevant template files mxt from http www eionet eu int gis ArcCatalog or other file manager navigate to C Arcgis Arcexexx Bin Templates and create a new folder called for example EEA templates Paste the downloaded mxt files into the new folder 2 Download the EEA map data from the same location as in 1 to a folder on your computer or network 3 Open ArcGIS 4 If you get the dialog Start using ArcGIS with tick template If you do not get the dialog box go to File gt New 5 In the New dialog choose a suitable template from the EEA templates tab Make sure that Create New Document is ticked in the lower left corner 6 The first time you open a
19. EYE SERA SERRE L TPLL Z ZG E E n LLESTELPTULTTI TTELLLLLLELLIT EHHH L m LL E E L d E E m 5 re E WT EELEE ETEN Ae See 1 E a ret el fe Fleatel 111i ABE 2 LLLLLLLLLEL FeLi Leslee Bree LEC EC ED ELLE TL Pret LE Pee ee LI aat TE ll toro aR Es HE a z ill m ajeli t n El 1 E Ji M ESELPHLLD bLiL Lil jeg BERRA EP eee LETT 197 S fe a oo ET inl ACEC LI EE LI 28 an an ae EB EH EH E an an an a ob T L Za gt 4 ZI LL HE Rr an LL E mE 4 ah b NE PT L RES FHH a PUNYS One FLLIL ELITII nae CEELETEELEBEEE RCLEE LE SRR RRR ERROR ERROR Peek CE RELL eee Ieee 0 4 ptt Li LL mH LLL LL H Scene Ht ttt EH MEM B CN psc p EXT B E 2S e E Map illustrates a sample of the 100 km ETRS LAEA grid This sample grid covers in kilometres from 0 x East of origin column numb
20. S LAEA4809 prj 48 N 9 E Used by Eurostat GISCO where not WGS84 When placed in the correct directory these projections will be available as an option under predefined projections in ArcGIS 8 x The prj files should be placed in arcexe8x Coordinate Systems Projected Coordinate Systems Continental Europe 2 5 2 Projected coverages as ArcInfo template files When projecting a coverage in ArcInfo 8 x it is possible to activate the information in existing files with the correct projection This is a helpful and easy to use method The EEA offers coverages in the most common projections to ease transformations and definitions of coverage data Version 2 0 2006 01 20 www eionet eu int gis Page 11 of 55 3 Working with point locations latitude longitude 3 1 Background A lot of data received by the EEA are georeferenced point locations in a tabular data format Most of the data are tables with point locations for cities water quality stations waste treatment sites oil spill sites etc Commonly the EEA finds incorrect positions and position formatting in the delivered files for locations If such errors are not identified early in the map production or analysis chain it causes problems and an unnecessary workload Practical guidelines are provided below on how to create a file containing proper point location data 3 2 Formatting latitude longitude coordinates Degrees minutes seconds DMS are a unit of measure for describing lat
21. Version 2 0 2006 01 20 EEA operational guidelines Guide to geographical data and maps January 2006 version 2 0 M European Environment Agency 2 2 www eionet eu int gis Page 1 of 55 Version management and approval 0 1 0 9 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 2 1 3 Date 26 05 2003 07 06 2004 22 07 2004 26 07 2004 20 08 2004 18 02 2005 20 06 2005 20 01 2006 Changes Circulated draft Update and removal of sections restructure of document review comments from Andrus Meiner Chris Steenmans and Tim Haigh Corrections and edits of proof read version Draft received from proof reading 10 06 2004 Review by programme manager Sigf s Bjarnason Corrections chapters 2 and 3 on coordinate reference systems and projections Sent to Senior Management Team Minor corrections to the technical content Corrections to the technical content chapter 3 Working With Point Locations Latitude Longitude and major revision of chapter 5 Using Grids Chapter 5 reviewed by Andrus Meiner and Chris Steenmans Corrections in EEA general guidelines on coordinate reference systems and Specification of map extents by coordinates Projections and extents for all map templates changed and adjusted to 52N10E use of 52N20E stopped Chapter 2 amp 6 Changes to EEA page layout had implications for map legend sizes Chapter 7 Project manager Chris Steenmans Version 2 0 2006 01 20 www eionet eu
22. X GIS map templates X Grids X Latitude longitude X X Map extents X Map layout standards X Metadata on data X Metadata on maps X Postscript maps X Projection X Raster data X Vector data X Version 2 0 2006 01 20 www eionet eu int gis Page 6 of 55 2 Coordinate reference systems and projections 2 1 Background and focus This chapter describes the EEA standardisation of coordinate reference systems and projections for the storage and treatment of geographical databases and map display This is a follow up to the European Commission decisions from 2003 to use specific coordinate reference systems and projections Producers and users of spatial data and maps should be aware that different assessment operations require different projections and that maps should have a projection defined by the EEA Using defined standards has made it possible to develop templates and efficient tools for data handling and will reduce the burden of documentation both for the EEA and its cooperating partners There are several reasons why the EEA finds it necessary to develop specifications in this field e The lack of documentation and skills in the field of transformations and projections causes frustrations inefficient handling of geographical data inaccurate data and analysis results e variety of different projections are being used among the EEA ETCs and national institutions while documentation 15 limited e ETCs and other European pr
23. aps with European wide coverage or more limited coverage such as the European sea catchments the seas or other major regions use ETRS LAEA 52 N 10 E e Exceptions are wide Eurasian maps using ETRS LAEA 52 65 E world maps using Times 10 E WGS84 and maps showing local examples where the preferred projection 15 ETRS TMzn producer intends to use another projection than the one recommended please contact the EEA using the web interface at http www eea eu int help infocentre enquiries 2 5 Available documents and files for working with projections The EEA has developed template files for map production based on the recommendations above see Chapter 8 The documentation for the coordinate reference systems can be found at http ww eionet eu int gis and http crs ifag de Version 2 0 2006 01 20 www eionet eu int gis Page 10 of 55 2 5 1 prj files for shape file format When using the general predefined projection files in ArcGIS software be aware that ETRS89 is called ETRF89 In ArcGIS it is possible to copy in your most used projections Place prj files in the directory of projections prj files for the most common projections used by the EEA are available at the EEA data service at http dataservice eionet eu int dataservice metadetails asp 1d 587 e ETRS LAEAS210 prj recommended by the European Commission and EEA standard ETRS LAEAS52065 prj EEA standard for map presentations of Eurasia e ETR
24. are tailored for the specific purpose of getting harmonised outputs that fit the general EEA standard layout of reports Use these map extents defined in detail Chapter 6 when producing maps for reports and when presenting maps on the EEA Web pages The series of map extents are defined according to east west coverage Each of the map types have four different versions depending on north south extent There are at present 10 map series with different east west coverage but only a couple of these are frequently used 7 4 Scales of postscript maps The EEA does not focus on certain scales for the maps presented in reports The scaling of maps in order to provide one of the standard layout widths will probably not result in a rounded map scale The EEA finds this of low importance for small scale maps The map producer should make the map following the standard map extents outlined above These can be presented in different scales The focus 1s on the size of the maps as planned in the report according to where they are to be used Follow the standard for map width in reports see Section 7 1 7 5 Level of generalisation Different generalisation of elements e g administrative units rivers and coastlines are available from the EEA EEA GIS data core data are environmental data and are not selected for mapping purposes The data are primarily for producing environmental indicators e for most of the basic features
25. as recommended their use to a wider user community Version 2 0 2006 01 20 www eionet eu int gis Page 7 of 55 2 3 EEA general guidelines on coordinate reference systems The recommendations by the European Commission and the wider European initiatives should be followed as far as possible by the EEA 2 3 1 common European spatial reference system ETRS89 and Different workshops and expert group contributions prepared the ground for the definition of the common European spatial reference system and its use for geo referencing of the data of the European Commission The definition will be used in future specifications of products to be delivered to the Commission within projects contracts etc and for the promotion of wider use within all Member States The European Terrestrial Reference System 1989 ETRS89 and the European Vertical Reference System EVRS form together the European Spatial Reference System as an integrated reference The name of the coordinate reference system is ETRS89 The European terrestrial reference system 1989 ETRS89 is the geodetic datum for pan European spatial data collection storage and analysis It is based on the GRS80 ellipsoid and 15 the basis for a coordinate reference system using ellipsoidal coordinates The ETRS89 ellipsoidal coordinate reference system is recommended to express and to store positions In Europe about 20 different physical height systems are used based on different tide g
26. auges resulting in inconsistencies within a two metre range Data exchange related to altitude between different countries and communities in Europe should be handled carefully For referencing height the European vertical reference system EVRS is proposed for adoption by the European Commission to promote widespread use as a standard for future pan European data products EVRS includes a European Vertical Datum and the European Vertical Reference Frame EVRF2000 National height datums in Europe should be transformed into EVRF datum NAP Normaal Amsterdams Peil e The EEA and the ETCs should use ETRS89 as the common coordinate reference system for storage of data and as a basis for defined projections to be used in analysis and map production Data delivered to the EEA in particular data with European coverage should use 589 as the coordinate reference system e National data delivered should also use ETRS89 or coordinate reference systems easily transformable to ETRS89 If the national local coordinate system is not found in commonly accessible documentation the delivering institution should add a documentation following the ISO19111 referred to below The description and definition of ETRS89 is based on the convention of ISO19111 the Spatial referencing by coordinates standard For further documentation on ETRS89 see http crs ifag de and http www eionet eu int gis For more on EVRS see http gi gis rc it ws evrs
27. base should be used as basic reference data This practice ensures that EEA datasets are compatible with each other and with the Commission GI GIS projects The GISCO reference database 15 distributed to ETCs by the EEA under the licensing agreement between Eurostat and the EEA Version 2 0 2006 01 20 www eionet eu int gis Page 14 of 55 4 3 Resolution and generalisation Indicate the resolution and generalisation of a dataset as clearly as possible These characteristics are important for usage of the dataset in particular when the dataset is an input to geographical analysis and area measurements 4 3 1 Resolution The required resolution should be stated the product specifications The resolution is given in metres The resolution is related to the scale in which the data are to be used 1 10 000 ca 3 metres 1 50 000 ca 15 metres 1 100 000 30 50 metres 1 1 million 300 500 metres 1 10 million 3 000 5 000 metres The GISCO reference database has the following resolutions million 500 m 3 million 1 500 m 10 million 5 000 m 20 million 8 000 m 4 3 2 Minimum mapping unit Minimum mapping unit is related to the scale and resolution The smallest mapped area for Corine Land Cover CLC1990 is 25 ha 250 000 m for mapping at 1 100 000 The GISCO database uses the following limits in generalising from three million to smaller scales 3 mill all areas smaller than 2 250 000 m 225 ha eliminated 10 mill all areas
28. ctions in different products and activities all based on the ETRS89 datum The choice depends upon scale data quality raster vector and purpose of work The EEA recommends the use of e Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area ETRS89 LAEA for storing raster data for statistical analysis and for map display purposes e Lambert Conformal Conical ETRS89 LCC for storing raster data and for map display purposes e Universal Transversal Mercator ETRS89 TMzn or UTM to be used in large scale mapping and storage of large scale data Allow different zones to be used See http www eionet eu int gis for detailed definition documents When to be used purpose Coordinate Name and definition Types of reference coordinates system projection ETRS LAEA Lambert Azimuthal Equal Map projection ETRS89 Small scale mapping 1 500 000 or smaller applications including spatial analysis storing raster data map display covering Europe Small scale mapping 1 500 000 or smaller applications including map display covering Euasia Small scale mapping Only to be used for applications requiring an object to be rendered in its true shape ETRS TMzn Universal Transversal Map projection ETRS89 Large scale mapping UTM Mercator 1 10 000 1 499 999 Yes Different zones can be used In the further treatment of the matter it is necessary to distinguish between mapping storage of geographical data spatial analysis and map display Area 5210 Latitude
29. dd the completed form document to your dataset delivery file package Compress the package as a zip file before submitting to the EEA When the EEA receives the form it will be validated and converted to an ISO19115 XML 9 6 Using EEA metadata form for maps Maps and graphs can be stored as postscript images or application project files Version 2 0 2006 01 20 www eionet eu int gis Page 54 of 55 Find a link to the latest version of the EEA metadata form for maps at http www eionet eu int gis The metadata elements are based on Dublin Core standards 9 6 1 Submitting form Add the completed form document to your dataset delivery file package Compress the package as a zip file before submitting to the EEA Version 2 0 2006 01 20 www eionet eu int gis Page 55 of 55
30. e is a fundamental property of data used in environmental analyses and assessments The location of an object is in most cases stored as direct position based on a coordinate reference system specifying the geodetic datum and a coordinate system However spatial reference based on indirect position 1s also interesting when managing environmental data One of the most common methods of storing spatial information with indirect position 15 by using spatial reference grids Grids omit direct spatial reference and average the qualitative properties of the subject This makes them powerful tools for harmonisation and reduction of the complexity of spatial datasets Spatial reference grids are also effective communication means for reporting spatial variability of features Technically grids for geographical data are predefined spatial reference structures composed of cells regular in shape or area Cells are usually squares based on a given geographical coordinate system but in rare cases they can be shaped differently e g as hexagons 5 2 Examples of grids used in environmental mapping Air pollution ozone and UV Grids are used for presenting data on atmospheric and air pollution Examples are data on emissions and deposition of air pollutants such as nitrogen or sulphur but also concentrations in soil as a result of air borne deposition Specific usage of a spatial reference grid is related to ecosystem exposure expressed through calcu
31. ency z Dataset identification E Title 2 capitals Brief abstract mapdata for templates Capital cities x Dataset version 1 1 Reference date 20030507 Distribution information Distributer European Environment Agency 1 5 ao NE EEArempla Owner ESRI a EEAwebmap lz MEE a ME European Environment Agency 3 I ESRI GISco European Environment Agency Metadata Standard for Geographic Information EE A MS GIJ version 1 0 zl Choose the stylesheet you want to use to view metadata Version 2 0 2006 01 20 www eionet eu int gis Page 50 of 55 Standard stylesheet EEA MSGI Standard ArcCatalog ArcInfo J3DATAXEEASEEAmap EEAmapdata 21 capibals shp ESEE e x as AES E EE Pe er EE EE i ontents Preview Metadata Standard metadata view Metadata on metadata Point of contact Organisation name European Environment 4gency Individual name Mette Palitzsch Lund Position name GIS Operator b Delivery point Kongens Mytarv 6 City Copenhagen State province x E Postal Code 1050 Country Denmark Bes E mail mette Last modified 20030521 s Name of standard 15019115 Final draft H EEAEemplal err l Version of standard 1 c Je ec elevatianmaps 1 28 sabe 2001 02 Mu m ESRI Dataset identification H GISCO Title 21 capitals EIL DOCUMENTATION En EL FarArvid
32. equirements for different kinds of geodata The EEA splits geographically related deliverables into two groups see Figure 9 1 e original geodata e g tables geodatasets and geodatabases GIS data e compiled geodata usually maps Version 2 0 2006 01 20 www eionet eu int gis Page 48 of 55 Geodata Other data Compiled geodata Original geodata Table Shape Graph Geodatabase Figure 9 1 Different kinds of geodata original geodata and maps 9 3 1 Metadata for original geodata tables geodatasets geodatabases Original geodata are stored in formats commonly known as GIS data e g shape file Arc Coverage geodatabase SDE database geotiff file imagine file or vpf or other files which can contain for example point information such as XLS dBASE file access database or text files A table is considered geodata if it has a spatial reference attribute or through other table s can acquire a spatial reference e g place name or shape Original geodata should always use the EEA MSGI 9 3 2 Metadata for compiled geodata maps and graphs Compiled geodata are stored in formats such as postscript files or ESRI map document mxd files Compiled geodata should use the EEA metadata form for maps see http www eionet eu int gis 9 4 Using EEA Metadata Editor for ArcCatalog Using the ArcCatalog data explorer in the ArcView 8 9 ArcEditor 8 9 or ArcInfo 8 9 software packages you can use the
33. er and 700 y north of origin row number to 6700 x and 9100 y Inset map shows zoom of Ireland 100 km grid with cell code Phe Tl Pe ALLLLLLI Le Bee R82 888 BREE Bee 4 TITTITTIITLELLE BENDE LLLLLET LEEPITITILE H 2012088 a LLLETLTI t ttt DATERA LAL LE TL LE gb SN HANERE ttt ELISTTTI LLELE eh el ae BE 1 1 BA eset E p 5 L E B E Recommended grid coding system EEA have defined a coding system useful for identifying a unique cell The coding is formatted as a text string with information on grid size and coordinates in the grid Coding is for identifying or referring to a unique cell The coding system is a direct coordinate type of coordinate coding system A coding system where it s the cell resolution and cell positioning that defines the cell code and with a coding structure that is easily readable Formatting cell code Cell code is composed by size of cell the meters east E and meters north N from false origin to lower left cell corner Version 2 0 2006 01 20 www eionet eu int gis Page 24 of 55 Cell size in meters is formatted to m meter or km kilometre depending of cell size Example 10000 meters is changed to 10km East of origin is the X axis in meters from ETRS LAEA false origin North of origin is the Y axis in meters from ETRS LAEA false
34. ers of the map as they come from the GIS system should be reflected as layers in the postscript file Text should be placed in separate layers according to the feature they are naming Each layer name should be named English If all standard layers are use the following layer order is recommended Frame NN Thematic text 1 2 Comtrynams 3 o Towns Gidnumbrs isi Points J J Lines A Thematic boundariesline daa 9 Reads Ci Ral O Aisin EUM Polygons areas Premier a Seasufae 120 Feature map element Frame Jl Version 2 0 2006 01 20 www eionet eu int gis Page 39 of 55 7 8 Colour and graphics definitions The EEA has defined graphic layout colour line size for selected features that are frequently used on maps The specifications below are defined to fit the needs for use as originals in reports factsheets and the Web 7 6 1 Colour and graphics for background layers The EEA distinguishes between polygon area features line features point features and text Feature map element CMYK code Size pt Font line type EE Polygons areas 0 ___ Land surface missing values no data 0 0 0 0 White Land surface outside data coverage 0 0 0 10 Grey Fil noline Seasuface 20 500 Blue Fillnoline Lake riversu
35. f feasible Version 2 0 2006 01 20 www eionet eu int gis Page 16 of 55 Short name Recom Comments Advantages Disadvantages mended IMAGINE Image Preferred by Compatible with most ERDAS specific EEA GIS software format High compression ratio without data loss Supports any colour depth Detailed header information Geographic Tag GeoTIFF Must include Supported by most GIS header sensing tools AeBbEemonimot MARDE ArcSDE export import with ArcSDE compression Manipulates data level 1 10 Band Interleaved BIL BIP Must include Supported by most Various non by Line Band BSQ header file hdr remote sensing tools compatible versions Interleaved by colormap file used Pixel Band clr Missing some SeQuential information about the used geographic reference system ESRI GRID GRID No Must include Old accepted format Uses folder structure colormap file Contains both bands and Unreliable clr catalogues 4 7 2 Vector formats If a vector dataset is extracted from a database please describe the extraction process steps in the metadata Format name Short Recom Comments Advantages Disadvantages name mended Shape file Yes Preferred by Compatible with most Datasets having EEA GIS software several types of shapes feature classes or several tables need more than one shape file table file Cannot keep relations between feature classes within the dataset ESRI coverage COV No
36. ges that disqualify it for certain use Therefore it is important to understand the advantages and disadvantages inherent in a given grid type The following grid examples are presented to help identify suitable types of grids for different applications In chapter 5 4 you will find recommendations for selecting or defining a grid as well as definitions for the recommended multipurpose grid called ETRS LAEA5210 5 3 1 World geographic reference system grid The world geographic reference system Georef is made for aircraft navigation It oO ME as c geographical latitude and longitude E NR globe is divided 12 bands of latitude and 24 zones of longitude each 15 degrees in extent These 15 degree areas are further divided into one degree units PE 7 i 180 150 420 90 80 0 120 150 180 identified by 15 characters Georef World Geographic Reference System GEOREF disadvantages are that the shape area and distance of cells are distorted ater Dane 0 794 5 3 2 National grid systems Most countries have defined grid systems based on coordinates that cover their territory Belgium Great Britain Denmark Finland Ireland Italy the Netherlands and Sweden are examples of countries that have defined a national grid system National example The British National Grid TIT e The British national grid BNG was based init
37. ially on the teen national grid system of England administered by the British 1100 km Ordnance Survey 1000 km z The BNG has been based on a Transverse Mercator projection 300 km Be nejon since the 1920s soo wm LS beers p or e The modern BNG is based the Ordnance Survey of Great a NUE E a Britain Datum 1936 Airy Ellipsoid FE mE uy VM e The true origin of the system is at 49 degrees north latitude and NOY 2 degrees west longitude lefe e The false origin is 400 km west and 100 km north BT ea sk e Scale at the central meridian is 0 9996012717 eh to 1002 The first BNG designator defines a 500 km square e second designator defines a 100 km square British National Grid 100 km Squares Version 2 0 2006 01 20 www eionet eu int gis Page 21 of 55 5 3 3 Equal area grids Equal area grids are suitable for generalising data statistical mapping and analytical work where an equal area of cells is important Distribution of major hab tats 1 20000000 mmm Corine Land Cover uses an equal area grid in the Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area projection BEL and ETRS89 datum Corine Land Cover is produced with a grid size of 100 m 250 m 1 km and 10 km grid sizes The land cover grid is generalised from original vector land cover data 5 3 4 Common European chorological grid reference system CGRS The CGRS grid is modified from the military grid reference system MGRS
38. ing statistical or ordinal division of data the EEA has recommended colour scales Figure 7 2 These may be used when arranging data according to relative value or other ordinal values There 15 a sub division according to basic colour and also the number of classes 3 4 5 6 or 7 The colour scales were set to facilitate photocopying 1 e the resulting greyscales are meaningful Please see http www eionet eu int gis where files with the exact definitions of colours can be found CMYK e Computer screens display colours differently compared with paper The EEA s recommended colours for Web maps RGB are also located at http www eionet eu int gis e When presenting distribution of areas polygons only colour the areas themselves Avoid using a separate colour for the outline boundary of each of the areas Maps look cleaner without thematic boundary lines Colours ard colour scales to be used by the EEA in printed reports xaumis C4 Cola edd cola ined by th nb im E m LE Bm EL NM a m iu E8 m EH j m m 5D p m E m m m z m SEE BE ee E a e b i i i i Figure 7 2 The EEA has guiding principles for colouring maps based on some predefined colour scales one for maps in reports A and one for Web presentations BD 7 6 3 Colour systems CMYK and RGB The colours are given i
39. itude and longitude A degree is 1 360th of a circle A degree is further divided into 60 minutes and a minute is divided into 60 seconds However point data delivered in DMS format is not suitable for GIS systems Therefore all point locations should always be delivered to EEA latitude longitude decimal degrees DD and not in DMS format DD format is commonly accepted by GIS systems When delivering data at European scale DD formatted points should have at least two decimals for obtaining an acceptable precision of location 3 3 Conversion from DMS format to DD format If registration is done in degrees minutes and seconds DMS the data should be delivered as they are and in addition they should be converted to decimal degrees DD values Positions given in deg min and sec relate to origin of coordinate system The location value is linked with directions north N south S and east E west W When converting the values from DMS to DD N gives positive value S negative E positive W negative Examples LAT DEG LAT MIN LAT NS LONG DEG LONG MIN LONG EW LAT DD LONG DD 41 19 21 58 W 41 32 21 97 43 15 151 S 22 48 56 E 43 253 22 809 Only the degrees and minutes are given here The conversion to DD lat long is done by leaving degrees as they are and adding as decimals the min divided by 60 formula deg min 60 DD The version below includes seconds Version 2 0 2006 01 20 www eionet eu int gis Page 12 of 55
40. lated critical loads and exceedances of ecosystems buffering capacity Grids are also used for indicating spatial variation of exposure to ultraviolet radiation and depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer Biodiversity assessment Species distributions such as used by the Atlas Florae Europaeae are mapped by grid cells for mapping and assessment of biodiversity Several European research institutes use a coordinated approach to map the distribution of for example plant species birds amphibians and mammals Climate change and hydrology Temperature changes registered on the longitude latitude grid and average annual runoff distribution are examples of applying reference grids in the area of climate change and hydrology Land cover and soil Grids are also used for mapping of land cover e g the Corine Land Cover project Even if the original database is created as vector data the grids are used for data distribution because this format has less volume and is often more suitable for analysis at a regional and European scale such as ecosystem fragmentation or soil erosion risk assessments 5 3 Types of reference grids There are many types of grids available for different purposes Ideally one grid that is useful for all purposes ought to be created but it is not possible for one grid to cover uniformly the whole of Version 2 0 2006 01 20 www eionet eu int gis Page 20 of 55 Europe Any one type of grid will always have some disadvanta
41. lity of mapped feature in order to capture relevant detail Do not use grid cell sizes below the accuracy of data Instead generalisation of the grid to coarser resolution larger cells is allowed e Identifying if the grid is suitable for the data collection or mapping General technical concerns when using grids e Make sure hardware and software are prepared for the selected grid type and able to support the data collection and analytical processes e Take time to understand how selected algorithms for manipulation and analyses on grids are working If you do not understand the algorithms it is impossible to guarantee that the output will be exactly what you expected An example Generalisation from a thematic vector layer to a thematic grid Some algorithms allocate the thematic value of the centre point of the vector layer cell to the thematic cell value of the grid In situations where statistics are later done on an area this is not a useful approach The cell value should in this case represent the value of the most significant thematic value within the area of the cell It does not necessarily coincide with the centre point In this example an algorithm selecting thematic value on majority area instead of centre point should be used Version 2 0 2006 01 20 www eionet eu int gis Page 26 of 55 6 extents used by the EEA The EEA has developed a set of defined map extents to cover all standard needs The map extents have
42. m ae Version 2 0 2006 01 20 www eionet eu int gis Page 18 of 55 4 7 5 Database formats Please consult with EEA GIS operations before submitting a full or an extract of a database Format name Short Recom Comments Advantages Disadvantages name mended ESRI Personal Yes Preferred by Supports topology Does not support Geodatabase EEA and feature relations raster Microsoft Access Standard Microsoft MDB Yes Only points No need for a GIS Only supported by Access Uses an OLE DB system Windows systems connection ESRI multiuser SDE NO EEA only reads Handles huge amounts Complex and needs geodatabase SQLserver of data slots of documentation describing database 4 7 6 Annotation formats Format name Short name Recom Comments Advantages Disadvantages mended Personal Yes Created with Integrated with other geodatabase ArcMap formats annotations Easy to work with Annotation COV Old format Coverage Difficult to work with 4 7 7 Geoservice formats The EEA accepts that geographical datasets are made available to the EEA as Internet geoservices The EEA handles datasets delivered as OGC Web Map Service 1 1 and OGC Web Feature Service 1 0 Please contact EEA GIS operations for further information using the web interface at http www eea eu int help infocentre enquiries Version 2 0 2006 01 20 www eionet eu int gis Page 19 of 55 5 Working with grids 5 1 Introduction Spatial referenc
43. n CMYK for printing purposes e g 5 100 55 12 or 0 12 10 The K value black shade 15 commonly omitted when equal to zero RGB for screen purposes RGB colours are given in hexadecimal code often used in HTML e g 66 2F 99 102 47 153 The colours defined in the different systems may not be translated directly CMYK has a limited colour spectrum compared with the other systems especially in bright colours If you have defined colours in RGB on the screen the system may give you an incorrect colour as CMYK This may also be the case in sending maps to a printer In order for colour versions to be black amp white copy friendly and the message in the map to remain clear special care has been given to the colour darkness the EEA colour recommendations Version 2 0 2006 01 20 www eionet eu int gis Page 41 of 55 7 9 has a legend postscript with the map should preferably also contain the legend with the layout to be used in the report The legend is placed outside the map frame normally to the right with a 5 mm space between map and legend 38 7 mm The legend standards are as follows Biogeographical regions map 001 Width 38 7 mm is standard See example to the right 70 5 pt Fonts Font type is Verdana both in ordinary text in 22 Alpine heading for printed material For Web recommended Anatolian font types are Verdana Tahoma
44. ne template file for each map extent This means that there are several templates for each of the map series as each series can have up to four different versions concerning north south coverage Below is an example for map series 2 Map2 EEA area EU 25 EFTA CC 3 Template filename Core map 2c Core north extension map 2c n Core south extension map 2c s Core north and south extensions map 2c ns 8 3 ArcGIS template files and using other software The European Commission has decided to use ESRI products in their services and the EEA follows this recommendation The ArcGIS map template files mxt are made with the use of lyr files that define colour and symbol definitions However users of other GIS software may use the standard EEA map data the map extent frames all in shape format and the layout definitions in Chapter 7 Version 2 0 2006 01 20 www eionet eu int gis Page 44 of 55 8 4 Standard data for map templates The templates contain a set of standard data layers being commonly used background layers needed in visualisation The following data layers are available NUTS data statistical regions in Europe see http europa eu int comm eurostat ramon nuts home regions en html are only available upon request and only to partners contracted directly with the EEA Data layers for templates are simplified for exclusive use on small scale maps in reports or on the Web The features delivered from the
45. oceans etc should be avoided Version 2 0 2006 01 20 www eionet eu int gis Page 42 of 55 7 11 templates ArcGIS EEA has developed map template files mxt files for ArcGIS which work together with the selected data for map production see Chapter 8 The export of maps to postscript format is done from GIS software For producers using other software the frame files for each map extent should be used together with the map data to create maps The framefiles have the correct map extent and projection parameters 7 12 Map templates in Adobe Illustrator format In some cases only simple maps are needed upon which objects be marked In such cases it is not necessary to use a GIS tool Instead ready made postscript base maps can be used The EEA offers such maps at http www eionet eu int gis Adobe Illustrator template files with different map extents The template files follow the specifications defined by the EEA When producing delivering and storing postscript maps using this method it will still be important for the EEA to receive and store GIS compatible data related to the presentation for documentation ETCs and other producers of maps should provide the data files e g thematic tables with lat long values for point locations Version 2 0 2006 01 20 www eionet eu int gis Page 43 of 55 8 EEA templates for GIS tools for easy map making 8 1 Why use a predefined map template The EEA handle
46. oint Kongens NytorvB Address City 00 Address State Province Ro Address Postal Code Address Country Denna 00 Address E mail metalund eeacuint Last modified 20030821 Cy MMOD Mame of standard EES MSGI 1501719115 Final draft Version of standard 1 0 Mandatory metadata European Enviranment Agency 3 Version 2 0 2006 01 20 www eionet eu int gis Page 52 of 55 Validating metadata Before submitting metadata with a dataset make sure you have provided all the metadata needed This is done in two steps 1 Select the Validate tab Press Validate and a validation log tells you which metadata are missing or wrongly formatted If an error is listed in the log fix the error and try again 2 When the validation is happy you can close the editor and the metadata will automatically be stored correctly Select the EEA MSGI Standard stylesheet and check that you have remembered all the textual information needed to describe the dataset The validation tool validates other metadata elements not present in the editor such as file format and geographic reference system metadata These elements are synchronised automatically 20 Metadata Editor EEA MSGI V1 0 X Publish TOME Distribution 4 4 Metadata Metadata Dataset Identification Other Information Y alidate Publish o Missing Dataset Version Errors metadata Fis error
47. ojects experience severe problems when combining data from different countries The EEA is cooperating with more than 30 countries In order to streamline the data flow standardisation is needed in the field of coordinate reference systems and projections e tis foreseen that the EEA will use spatial assessments more actively in the coming years making it important to follow guiding principles for the best possible use of the data available 2 2 European initiative and recommendations The experiences linked to EEA activities are typical for other agencies working with many partners and with partners covering large areas This resulted an initiative from the European Commission The aim has been to develop pan European standards for coordinate reference systems and recommended projections to be applied by national mapping agencies the European Commission and other agencies treating geographical information The work was carried out by an expert group of the cartographic projections workshop The EEA participated alongside other experts from national mapping agencies the Joint Research Centre Eurostat GISCO Eurogeographics and others Their recommendations were released in November 2001 and were approved by COGI Commission Inter Service Group on Geographical Information in 2003 for use within the Commission services Through working groups Inspire Infrastructure for spatial information in Europe http www ec gis org inspire h
48. oposal should be made to the responsible person in the EEA topic team with a copy to the EEA GIS team 4 7 Recommended formats for geographical datasets Geographical datasets can either be vector data raster data or tabular data The EEA provides recommendations on the data formats for each of these data categories The recommendations are relevant for e the EEA in its internal data handling and dissemination e e national organisations delivering data to the EEA through Eionet data flows e other external contractors The EEA follows the European Commission decision to use ESRI products and formats where possible The tables below list the formats handled by the EEA indicating the preferred ones In addition to format recommendations the EEA requires certain metadata for all geographical data deliverables including detailed description of the geographic reference system If possible provide ESRI projection files prj Metadata issues are treated further in Chapter 9 4 7 1 Raster formats Raster datasets can be delivered as one band or a collection of bands for each image scene If several images are supplied in a dataset include a raster catalogue in the delivery A raster catalogue is a table with columns IMAGE XMIN YMIN and YMAX Any table format 15 accepted If a raster dataset is created on the basis of a vector to raster conversion please deliver the vector dataset along with the raster dataset i
49. origin False origin is the origin with false easting and false northing added In other words where the coordinates starts in 0 0 meters of projection To reduce length of east and north string cell size in meters is divided by lexp number of zeros of cell size Example Cell size is 1000 meters Number of zeros in end is 3 Divider is lexp 3 1000 In true sense E and N refer to column and row of the grid but these terms are used for more intuitive understanding even if E and N are not oriented to true East and North of the coordinate system For computations and analysis do not use CellCode Use instead lower left corner coordinate in meters formatted as two separate integers attribute values named EOFORIGIN and NOFORIGIN OBJECTIO CELLCODE EOFORIGN Shape 1970 1 0kmE29h 33 2900000 3300000 Palgqan 2039 1 OkmE30h834 2400000 2106 1 11 38 23100000 23500000 Polygon 2174 1 0kmE32hN35 3200000 3600000 Figure illustrate a screenshot of table view of the ETRS LAEA 10 kilometre grid create with the EEA ETRS LAEA fishnet tool Example Defining cell code for a kilometre grid Distance from false origin 11000 meters east and 120000 meters north Cell size is 1000 meters 1 Define resolution string 1000 meters gt Ikm 2 Identify multiplier in number of zeros to remove from E and N value to reduce number of ze
50. pian Sea North Atlantic North Pole Map Extent 6 EU 25 EFTA CC 3 EECCA narrow full Russia Map Extent 7 EU 25 EFTA CC 3 EECCA wide full Russia Map Extent 8 World Map Extent 9a Countries of Mediterranean Sea region Map Extent 9b Mediterranean Sea Map Extent 10 EU 25 EFTA CC 3 EECCA Russia partly See http dataservice eea eu int dataservice geonotes asp for further explanation of the abbreviations above Version 2 0 2006 01 20 www eionet eu int gis Page 27 of 55 Each of the map types 1 2 3 6 and 10 can have four different versions depending on north south extent see Figure 6 1 e core e north extension e core south extension north and south extensions Map 4 and 8 can have two different versions depending on north south extent e core e north or south extensions North TE extension 4 Core South t extension Figure 6 1 Example of a map extent and its possible extensions to the north and south The map number refers to an extent in east west direction 6 3 Map extents illustrations of EEA map extent series The following pages present the series of agreed map extents The Powerpoint presentation EEA standard map extents at http www map eea eu int gis shows the same map extents and examples of different map extents pasted into dummy pages Legends are not made in the examples Legends should be placed outside
51. ps pending final approval of the EEA Senior Management Team The guidelines are linked as far as possible to standardisation agreements within the European Commission and also to the initial work developed by Inspire Infrastructure for spatial information in Europe http www ec gis org inspire Data handling and information services are under rapid development This affects the development of guidelines It is expected that the development of different tools and information products will influence the recommendations for data handling and map productions and thus that the guidelines too will need revision from time to time Users of the guidelines will find updated information at the EEA website http www eionet eu int gis Any comments and questions can be forwarded using the web interface at http www eea eu int help infocentre enquiries Version 2 0 2006 01 20 www eionet eu int gis Page 3 of 55 Contents 1 OVERVIEW OF TOPICS cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccsccccccccceccccccccscecccccccesceccccoese 6 1 1 OVERVIEW OF TOPICS BY 1 0 000 000000000000 ease tisse sa seas e ra ian 6 2 COORDINATE REFERENCE SYSTEMS AND PROJECTIONS eee e eee eee 7 2212 JJEACKGPEOUNDOANBD FOCUS AEE 7 2 2 EUROPEAN INITIATIVE AND 8 000 00000000000000 7 2 3 EEA GENERAL GUIDELINES ON COORDINATE REFERENCE
52. reate a grid based on other data like a feature dataset Consult the online help for ArcGIS Spatial Analyst for more information Selecting a custom grid A custom grid is a grid that is not yet defined For some projects a custom grid has to be designed to facilitating specific analysis mapping or data collection purposes This paragraph identify some of the issues that should be taken into account When selecting a custom grid following issues should be noted e Use of ETRS89 GRS80 datum for the grid projection A grid based on a projection using ETRS89 can easily be combined with other grids and data using the European accepted ETRS89 e If possible use one of the agreed European projections such as Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area Transverse Mercator and Lambert Conic Conformal see Chapter 2 e Ensure efficiency for data storage and access assured through hierarchical data structure with square shaped cells e Use logarithmic decimal grid sizes For example 10 m 100 m 1 km 10 km 100 km or alternatively quadratic subdivision of the grid cell such as 25 m and 50 m for the 100 m grid 250 and 500 m for the 1 km grid cell etc This eases computation on data such as generalisation statistics and storage e Consider the future of dataset Will the selected grid support possible extension of coverage and will it allow easy use with other related data e Quality of data the resolution of the selected grid must correspond to spatial variabi
53. rfae 20500 Blue Fil noline Lines J X 5 Country boundaries 0 0 Thematic boundaries None No ine Points o Ah d j Capitals 040 000 Red Ciis 0040 4p Text EE Country names 004 0 Black Verdana Towns 00040 Verdana Seaslakes 000 60 Gry _ Verdana No data colour is always white and Outside data coverage colour is always grey in EEA products Note that the EEA advises following Eurostat s practice for maps the use of geographical names especially seas oceans etc should be avoided For text on Web maps the recommended fonts are Verdana Tahoma Geneva or Arial For ArcGIS users The colours defined above are used in the template files produced by the EEA see Chapter 8 When adding new layers datasets to a production use of the predefined lyr files renders the defined colours while use of the predefined shp files does not Version 2 0 2006 01 20 www eionet eu int gis Page 40 of 55 7 8 2 Colour and graphics for thematic information use of common colour scales General rules of map semiology The Semiology of Graphics Bertin 1983 such as using a maximum of seven different colours or a maximum of five densities of grey should be respected The EEA recommends specific guidelines e When us
54. ros in E and N string The number 1000 has 3 zeros in end gt divide E and N by 3 1000 3 Define east string 11000 meters divided by 1000 gt I 4 Define north string 120000 meters divided by 1000 gt 12 5 Concatenate string IkmE1NI2 Example Defining a cell code for a 250 meter grid Distance from false origin 10250 meters east and 220000 meters north Cell size is 250 meters 1 Define resolution string 250 meters gt 250m 2 Identify multiplier in number of zeros to remove from E and N value to reduce number of zeros in E and N string The number 250 has 1 zero in end gt divide E and N by 1 10 3 Define east string 10250 meters divided by 10 gt 1025 4 Define north string 220000 meters divided by 10 gt 22000 5 Concatenate string 250mE1025N22000 Tools for creating Grids ETRS LAEA using ESRI ArcGIS Creating vector grid Using the EEA FishNet tool for ESRI ArcCatalog you can create the ETRS LAEA reference grid according to standards Grid can be produced in polygon squares or in line vector format The recommended grid coding system is automatically added to the produced grid as attributes Tool is available from EIONET GIS page http www eionet eu int gis Creating raster grid Version 2 0 2006 01 20 www eionet eu int gis Page 25 of 55 Using ESRI ArcGIS Spatial Analyst extension it s possible to create LAEA ETRS grid You can create a clean grid with no data or c
55. s and try again Version 2 0 2006 01 20 www eionet eu int gis Page 53 of 55 9 4 3 Submitting metadata To submit metadata with a dataset you have to know where the metadata is stored When a dataset is submitted to the EEA such as shape files dbf files or coverage the metadata are stored in XML files When submitting datasets stored as files remember to include the XML file as well as the projection file prj in the delivery zip file J DATA EEA EEAmap EEAmapdata E ioj x File Edit View Favorites Tools Help Back E Search Folders 21 capibals sbn _capitals sbx 21 TENES a ET pum mm ml zl capitals zip This Folder is Online 21 capitals shp xml AML Document When submitting a database or geodatabase metadata information is stored inside the database Before submitting a database please contact EEA GIS operations using the web interface at http www ecea eu int help infocentre enquiries 9 5 Using EEA spatial data metadata information form When submitting original geodata not using the EEA Metadata Editor the EEA spatial data metadata information form should be used It is a Word document and the latest version can be found at http www eionet eu int gis You need to fill in the metadata from Word and validate entries manually 9 5 1 Mandatory metadata Mandatory metadata elements are marked with a green star 9 5 2 Submitting form A
56. s geographical data from many institutions and sources and presents them as maps in different publications and on the Web In 2001 the EEA started standardising the handling of this large body of data and also started work on simplifying the production of maps Map templates are one of several developments in this respect and are now being used by the EEA and its partners The templates are available at http www eea eu int gis Map templates are developed for small scale standard map presentations in printed reports and Web applications The use of templates will simplify map production as map extents map projections background features e g country boundaries lakes rivers and colour schemes are predefined Whenever possible the use of map templates is strongly recommended Maps presented in reports and on the Web will appear harmonious and ease the final layout process In future it will be possible to reuse and mix data from different productions Additionally individual users save time and effort as there is no need to reproduce manually common parts of the maps 8 2 Available GIS template files The EEA has developed GIS template files for all map extents identical to the extents presented in Chapter 6 The templates cover smaller or larger areas of Europe up to the Urals predefined for use in small scale maps ranging from 1 70 000 000 to 1 1 000 000 Some templates as described in Chapter 6 cover wider areas There 15 o
57. sizes the factsheet maps often end up in a report Figure 7 1 Dummy of page with the EEA layout standard Small map for two adjecent legend placed below Standard EEA map legend placed to 126 1 mm the right 169 8 mm Big map legend placed below e standard EEA map has a width of 126 1 mm the legend at the right hand side has a width of 38 7 mm and there is 5 mm space between map and legend e Accepted widths are 82 4 mm where two small maps are presented beside each other legend is placed below 126 1 mm standard legend 38 7 mm 1s placed to the right of the map 169 8 mm legend is placed below the map same width as the map e Ina few cases maps covering two pages are used Contact IDS Publications for sizes Version 2 0 2006 01 20 www eionet eu int gis Page 36 of 55 7 2 Standard map projections The map data and template files available from the EEA both the GIS data and the postscript versions Adobe Illustrator follow the prescribed projections See Chapter 6 for details about the map extents Chapter 8 for use of the template files and Chapter 2 for details about projections and reference systems 7 3 Map extents for postscript maps and other final version maps The EEA has defined a series of standard map extents as a basis for illustrations in reports and on the Web Use of a set of standard map extents makes map making easier and more effective Map data and template files
58. sponsible for validating received metadata as well as the main data files and for making the metadata and data available if conditions allow End products are published through the EEA dataservice http dataservice eea eu int dataservice The following guidelines and tools for dealing with metadata are relevant for the EEA the ETCs national institutions and other external partners delivering geographical data geodata to the EEA 9 2 EEA standard for metadata The EEA has developed a metadata standard for geodata The standard termed the European Environment Agency Metadata Standard for Geographic Information EEA MSGI is a profile of the ISO19115 standard for geographical metadata EEA MSGI is defined as a set of metadata for discovery and quick understanding of geographical data Some of the main aspects covered in a metadataset are name of data description of data coordinate reference system source and methodology including version of specification on which the compilation 1s based responsible party ownership and user rights EEA MSGI is designed to meet future needs and demands for inter operability of metadata Metadata will become a key component in the coming EEA spatial data infrastructure EEA SDI the node linking the EEA to other European infrastructures such as Inspire Infrastructure for spatial information in Europe and the broader EEIS European environment information system 9 3 Different metadata r
59. t the 1st European Workshop on Reference Grids Definitions for ETRS LAEA 52N 10 e Use ETRS89 Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area ERTS LARA geographic coordinate system as described in chapter 2 Use centre grid point 52N 10E false easting 4321000 0 m and false Northing 3210000 0 e EEA recommend grid size of metric resolution in standard size 100 m 1 km 10 km and 100 km Alternatively use 25 m or 250 m for analysis purposes where standard 100 m or km grid size is not appropriate sample grid in line vector format of resolutions 100m 1 km 10 km and 100 km and polygon grid in 10 km and 100 km can be downloaded from EEA data service These sample grids are useful for validation and analysis of in GIS systems not supporting ETRS LAEA grid Version 2 0 2006 01 20 www eionet eu int gis Page 23 of 55 Accepted shortnames used for projection is ETRS LAEA ETRS LAEA 52 10N or ETRS LAEAS210 See description of ETRS LAEA projection at homepage for Information and Service System for European Coordinate Reference Systems CRS link http crs bkg bund de crs eu HEHEHE 71 421 wu 1 LLHEHEEPELHLE BCC TET BH EEEE IBEEEEESEREEEEEE toio EH Er EET HEHH HHHDBE HLBETITLLELLLLLLLLLLLITA Pee hae a LETT TTT TT AA TT ELECTI LIU HET AISTIT PILASITA ELTI eLitti ET CEECEE PERT EA EE LELO EE P
60. template all data layer names in the Table of Contents appear grey and with a red exclamation mark You have to re establish the connection between the template and the data layers Right click on one of the greyed data layers go to Data gt Set data source browse to the same data layer in the folder where you placed the data in step 2 and click OK As all data layers are located in the same folder all layers in the template should now be connected Note that a graticule with lat long numbering is defined as graphics from Data Frame Properties gt Grid tab 7 Go to File gt Add data and browse to find your own data layers Turn off unnecessary data layers that came with the map template 8 Modify the legend in agreement with Section 7 9 9 Save your map File gt Save Make sure that the file type is mxd map document This 15 the default option 10 Export to postscript format eps or other 1s often required Go to File gt Export and in the export dialog choose format eps Resolution of the output is set in Options 300 dpi is usually sufficient in vector maps and 600 dpi in maps with raster data It is recommended to examine the output file in Adobe or other image editing software to verify that the resulting map is satisfactory Note If you regret your choice of map template while working with your map you can change the template On the Layout Toolbar you must be in Layout View click the Change layo
61. the GISCO reference database is delivered in three or four different levels of generalisation scale 1 3 10 and 20 mill If a dataset is available at different scales the data with the smallest scale should be used for maping e some datasets have a fixed generalisation Datasets with polygons cut along the coast with a certain coastline will remain with this coastline e the EEA has put together a selection of generalised GIS datasets that are adapted to maps at small scales ETCs and others producing maps on behalf of the EEA should use this selection The data are labelled EEA map data EEA s ArcGIS map templates see Chapter 8 are also based on the use of these GIS data The data are available from http www eionet eu int gis Version 2 0 2006 01 20 www eionet eu int gis Page 37 of 55 7 6 Standard elements features in maps The maps which the EEA use in reports are usually very simplified Therefore the maps delivered to the EEA should contain few elements in the small scale maps few general elements background features few topic issues per map usually one issue is enough Maps covering more than one issue usually appear overloaded and the message in the map is lost The features delivered from the EEA to be used in map production are based on a level of generalisation comparable to 1 40 000 000 or even lower Below is a table of proposed features for small scale maps covering Europe EEA map data Filename Size
62. the maps see Section 7 9 Version 2 0 2006 01 20 www eionet eu int gis Page 28 of 55 Extent 1 EU 25 Map Extent 2 EU 25 three candidate countries CC 3 EEA coverage Version 2 0 2006 01 20 www eionet eu int gis Page 29 of 55 Map Extent 3 EU 25 EFTA CC 3 Caspian Sea Map Extent 4 EU 25 EFTA CC 3 Caspian Sea Canary Islands similar to map 3 but larger extent to the west Version 2 0 2006 01 20 www eionet eu int gis Page 30 of 55 Map Extent 5 EU 25 3 Aral Sea North Atlantic North Pole b l i P4 Version 2 0 2006 01 20 www eionet eu int gis Page 31 of 55 Extent 7 Europe and Central Asia covers the same area as map extent 6 to be d on ZI Map Extent 8 World Version 2 0 2006 01 20 www eionet eu int gis Page 32 of 55 Extent 9a Countries of Mediterranean Sea region Version 2 0 2006 01 20 www eionet eu int gis Page 33 of 55 Extent 10 EU 25 EFTA CC 3 EECCA part of Russia Version 2 0 2006 01 20 www eionet eu int gis Page 34 of 55 6 4 Specification of extents by coordinates All values given in coordinates related to the projection specified Map lc insert LAEA 52N l0E 750 000 5 500 000 2 500 000 6 600 000 Canary Is 770 000 1 300 000 1 400 000 2120 000 Acores Is 2 150 000 2 700 000 780 000 1 500 000 Madeira Is 1 380 000 1 650 000
63. tines of coordinates mathematically 2 complex and therefore few tools are eur FU available for carrying out these HH 204 ARP f k transformations SEFEELE P UM E Sra COTTON eh RT 22 Z TA LE Ext ds UR Td ico E ME I An example of use is for monitoring the eC COPE Biz sii Lone eene Eua onvention on Long Range A XE Transboundary Air Pollution CLRTAP SCHELL Beal quae l l l l Find more information on EMEP grids at IHRER af pneu dp ad dcc e OUPO WWT code M pua LOLLO Pre OA IN TTT 23 45 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 4h 42 43 44 5 4 Recommendations for selecting or defining a grid The recommendations given here are generalised and made from the EEA s point of view A recommended grid type may be different from the user s need The recommendations are largely collected from the various assessment reports created by the EEA and presented at the first Workshop on European Reference Grids in Ispra 27 29 October 2003 Prodceedings are available from the EIONET GIS page http www eionet eu int gis Recommended multipurpose grid EEA reference grid ETRS LAEA 52N 10E EEA recommend the use of the multipurpose European grid based on Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area ETRSS9 latitude of origin 52 N and longitude of origin 10 E ETRS LAEA as recommended a
64. ut button You will then be able to choose from the available map templates Version 2 0 2006 01 20 www eionet eu int gis Page 46 of 55 8 6 Predefined extents and standard map data for ArcView 3 x and other software For users of other GIS software or earlier versions of ArcGIS it is recommended to use the frame files shape format by adding them manually to the GIS map projects The frame files are correctly projected map frame polygons defined using the corner coordinates of Section 6 4 The map frame polygons correspond with the ArcGIS templates of the same name The EEA standard map data also shape format can be added manually to other GIS software too but the predefined colours line thickness etc would have to be redefined in agreement with Chapter 7 Map name template name File name for the map frame Framelc Frame4c Framel c ns The frame files are available from http www eionet eu int gis Version 2 0 2006 01 20 www eionet eu int gis Page 47 of 55 9 Metadata for geographical data and maps 9 1 Requirements on GIS and map deliverables Metadata information about a data file dataset should accompany any geographically related deliverable to the EEA including tabular data GIS data and postscript data The EEA has developed specifications guidelines and tools for handling metadata Data producers are responsible for delivering true and well formed metadata according to specifications The EEA is re
65. vering reference data or other thematic data for spatial assessment and map production 4 1 Quality and quality control It is essential that data delivered to the EEA are homogeneous and of general good quality Quality control includes the following questions e Are values and codes tabular data within the range defined guideline documents e Are ids in accordance with standards e Does the geometry either being points lines or polygons have an acceptable structure and topology e g are polygons closed and lines forming networks linked properly to nodes e Do the geometric accuracy coordinate reference system projection and file format follow specifications e Are metadata filled in including aspects of accuracy coordinate system methodology and source A document listing the requested information 15 available from http www eionet eu int gis Quality control must be carried out and documented before delivery of data to the Agency In the flow of data from ETCs to the EEA it is important that the ETC data managers are aware of the quality control procedures and ensure that they are posted to Circa in the ETC Consortium Interest Group even if a partner organisation 15 responsible for the production task 4 2 Projection and scale The projection and scale of a vector dataset are fixed at the stage of product specification Unless the Agency has provided written specifications to the contrary the GISCO reference data
66. width Size width 82 4 mm 126 1 169 8 mm Background polygon background ee Land terrestrial polygon land 2 NUTS 2 regions restricted NUTS2 oo Fae NUTS 3 regions restricted NUTS3 EE ME Lake large lakelarge Lake medium lakemedum x Lake small lakesmall 4 River major Eurasia river 0 2 River large riverlarge o River medium rivrmedium x Country boundaries terrestrial Country boundaries marine marineborder Arctic circle and tropics parallels Lat long every 10 latlong10 Lat long every 5 latlongs Ciis cities 0 Capitals 2 The above table gives a generalised picture of the databases delivered from the EEA that could be used the different map sizes A mark is only a rough indication of the features that should be included in the map Note that symbol features circles squares etc in postscript files need to be outlined before distributing the file Outline Object command in Adobe Illustrator Otherwise the symbol fonts may be interpreted in a different way by other computers with different font settings Attachments including the used fonts do not ensure the correct visualisation of the symbols in the postscript file Version 2 0 2006 01 20 www eionet eu int gis Page 38 of 55 7 7 Standard layer orders The lay

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