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1. Ez MIDI Control B gt Receive gt Verify 104 Setup Setup allows you to select hardware specific settings for using the MIDI interface with your computer Click the Setup button to show the Setup dialog box MIDI Setup MIDI A Setup MIDI input key Electronics M5 101 Port 1 Modem Port Q 500 KHz 1 MHz MIDI output Q Printer Port O 2MHz Key Electronics MS 101 Port 1 Cancel Most Mac MIDI Interfaces will use the default selections transfer speed of 1 mHz and Modem port Read the instructions with your MIDI interface if you re not sure about what selections to make The Altech or OpCode interfaces use these defaults 9 Windows users get popup menu choices with all MIDI input and output devices which are properly connected to the computer If your MIDI interface is not listed but is physically connected you probably need to install the driver which came on a disk with your MIDI interface Before connecting any cables take a good look at the ends of the cables Most MIDI cables have a marking on the connector such as a flat spot arrow or screw to help line it up with the top of the SAT and the corresponding indicator on the MIDI interface The MIDI OUT from the SAT connects with a standard MIDI cable to the MIDI IN on the MIDI Interface The MIDI IN on the SAT goes to the MIDI OUT on the MIDI Inte
2. 48 Overpull 82 Overpull Averaging 79 Overpull box 71 Overpull Percentages 78 Overpull window 71 Overview of files and records 90 Owen Jorgenson 97 Page akan B week 14 Para inharmonicity 100 Partial Note Name 93 Partial ladder 11 Partial Name 87 Partial Names 20 Partial Number 20 93 Partial Numbers 87 Partial Preview Graph 18 19 89 90 Partials cio te 35 Paste Blank 15 PAZ ct NG aaa 13 Pianalyzer 13 99 Piano Service Manager 5 Piano Technicians Guild 2 Pianotek 110 PU iu Cree ee 69 87 Pitch lowering 67 76 Pitch popup menu 68 Pitch Raise 67 76 Pitch Raise mode 76 Pitch Raise Percentage Slider 78 Pitch Raise Progress Bar 84 Pitch Raise Type 81 Pitch Raising 76 Pitch Raising with RCT 76 PowerBook troubleshooting 138 Predicted beat rates 54 Prefs uitae 5 Wee NARS 73 Prefs button 73 PTG 2 robo Seber 2 Recording an aural tuning T2 Redo button 30 Registered Piano Technician 2 RETURN key 93 Revert 3h A 15 88 96 Reyburn Piano Service 2 Rick Baldassin 111 RPT Exam style
3. 6 Tunings in file You ll notice these tuning records are in the same order as the SAT and use the same abbreviations In RCT there s one extra tuning record named A4 Pitch which is used for duh measuring the pitch of A4 An RCT tuning record can be viewed as a tuning chart 3 Tuning Chart EXAMINEE CEEE gt An RCT tuning chart is like a spreadsheet Each cell in the tuning chart contains a note s partial and cents deviation To find a particular note s cell find the intersection of the note name s row labeled at the left and its octave numbers column labeled at the top RCT lets you type in any cents reading or partial in any cell in a Master Tuning record To do so click twice quickly on the number in the cell then type in the cents reading When you re done you can press the Tab key or Return key Mac or Enter key Win to select the next chromatic note up or to select any other note double click on any note s reading anywhere else on the chart In order to prevent errors or accidents manual editing of cells in an Examinee tuning chart is not allowed Examinee tunings are measured elsewhere in CyberEar If there was a mistake in reading an examinee tuning the note must be remeasured and re saved from CyberEar EXAMINEE EEE gt PCN 1 7 000000 116 Every tuning chart has an accompanying tuning graph The tuning graph shows exactly the same information as a tuning chart except
4. leave the practice headers blank Later you can easily identify these empty records because their tuning file icons Icon View or headers Header View will be empty Sort the records and all the empty header records will be at the beginning of the tuning file allowing you to drag select and delete them all at once select Clear under the Edit menu w Hint Saving one record per file even though it uses disk space inefficiently is an option preferred by some users All records can be viewed directly from the Finder without opening RCT If you use this method name each file descriptively as suggested above for headers 59 File Formats RCT 3 5 has a new file format called RCT extended format This format allows for better resolution 0 01 cents an extremely accurate prediction for A4 s pitch in the tuning chart more flexibility in naming tuning charts upper and lower case and multiple languages a higher number of serial numbers in the Tuning chart pre3 5 the serial number field accepted any number up to 1 999 999 RCT 3 5 accepts numbers up to 99 999 999 If you open an RCT file created by RCT 3 0 or earlier you will be asked if you want to convert and if all future conversions should be automatic We recommend you do so RCT s Save and Save As dialog boxes has additional options for format changes and naming Proper naming helps RCT know which files to display and how to display them Click on the Format popup
5. 34 SCOPING y nG ae Y RES 124 Scoring the RPT Tuning Exam 113 Search vd eere ias 21 SentinelEve 9 131 Singing length 110 Singing Length 109 Single Octave Minimum 37 Sliders ct Cote abang 40 Small automatic 82 Small PR a a Manang 82 Small PR mode 76 Smoothing 64 SOftEve dap 11 15 131 Software license agreement notification of copyright 133 SOM aa ob hae aah 37 SOT 50k Wig PUE eR EHE 21 Sort tool a 96 Space bar note switching 66 Spinner Button 62 Spinner speed 63 Starrett N 110 Start CyberEar defaults 73 Start New and OK buttons 83 SUM ros 21 TAB Key ita a 93 Tape measure 110 Target blushing 61 Tools menu 21 Treble overpull cap 81 Tune box 25 saa eee msn 70 Tune box key equivalents 70 Tuning Chart 91 Tuning chart window 94 Tuning Doctor 98 Tuning file 14 109 Tuning File 16 Tuning Hammer 20 91 92 Tuning Hammer pointer 91 Tuning Manager 3 5 Tuning Partials 35 Tuning record 14 90 Unwound End 110 Upgrade Policy 5 Use Anyway 27 User Limits 48 User Setting 50 User Temp ts 21 Usi
6. 9 Help files for RCT ACT Help hlp RCT Guide Windows Macintosh 140 10 These files are no longer used for RCT 3 5 9 l a A CyberT uner asintppc dll 305 ASfontmap Asifont fon H Note These files may be Hidden and may or may not display the three letter extension depending on how you have your View Options set in Windows A new file used by RCT 3 5 is RCTFont fon hidden or invisible The only two files in RCT support files are Reyburn CyberTuner 3 5 rsrc RCTFont fon 11 PROP is a new file type in RCT 3 5 It must be used after names of User Temperaments 141 Appendix G Keyboard Shortcuts CyberEar also listed in CyberEar help window up arrow octave up down arrow octave down right arrow note up left arrow note down gt Tune Box up by 0 1g lt Tune Box down by 0 1 shift gt Tune Box up by 0 01g shift lt Tune Box down by 0 01 A Aural Temperament tune mode or Command A Mac Control A Win bi directional NoteS witcher clear Tune box down only NoteSwitcher erase PR original cents for highest note recorded hard drive spin down Mac only lock unlock NoteSwitcher Pitch Raise tuning mode or Command R Mac Control R Win Fine Tune tuning mode or Command R Mac Control R Win U up only NoteSwitcher Z sleep Mac only Arma 4 Tuning Charts and Graphs Macintosh Command right arrow next Command left arrow previous H
7. Possible reasons for high variance numbers 1 Volume differential In other words the note was played soft then loud or vice versa Solution play all sampled notes consistently mezzo forte medium volume 2 Anomalous tone False beats can make the variance numbers high Solution use another string or fix the false beat 3 Excessive noise during sampling Solution Close the door ask the World s Loudest Rock Band to take a break kill the television etc Variance numbers are not error numbers High variance numbers don t necessarily mean the tuning will be poorly matched to the piano or sound bad You should accept high variances if samples were deliberately taken at different volumes to enable Ch2 to average any differences in the resultant partial series if samples were taken on three different strings to average out any string anomalies or if repeated Redos prove that high variance is the best the piano is capable of Resampling If a sample s variance is Poor Easy mode or above 50 Advanced mode then you should definitely resample that note Variances of 25 or better are typical on most good pianos with 10 fairly common on high end grands Resampling a note is easy and fast so it s OK to see how low can you go There are several ways to resample an individual note The easiest method is to click on the note s tuning fork variance box or its key on the graphic keyboard The ear will reappear for that note play the
8. R eyburn CyberT uner Version 3 5 5 x for Macintosh and Windows 1994 2001 Reyburn Piano Service Inc All Rights Reserved Design and Programming by Dean L Reyburn RPT Manual and On line Help by Mitch Kiel RPT and Dean Reyburn RPT with contributions from Martha Reyburn and Kent Swafford RPT Table of Contents Introduction lt lt oo a 1 Who wrote this manual ooo ooo o 1 Please read this duce ala pA acne ARA UNG 1 Are you computer Savvy ww eee 1 Tuna fish ws sees RAV ctp enh soa rU MESS 2 What computer can I use with RCT ooo ooo 2 Differences between RCT Mac and RCT Win 3 SUPPOTE i LAG NPA Had ae ee as A AD aa 3 SAS Mama e na peg e at kata dd arte la 4 Phone support gt sgons see ta EA GAN BALA 4 30 Day Money Back Guarantee oo 4 5 year guarantee on SentinelKey ooo 5 Uperade Bolicy cias ais BA a wed e de 5 Acknowledgments 0 0c eee eee eee eee 7 chapter 1 Getting Started ee ee eee ee eee es 8 B sic Concepts a ank E ho Lik ee an pa Sons hago oe AG 11 Definitions and Terminology lees 14 Identifying and naming notes oo 14 Other RCT menu commands eee 15 Interval Preview Graph and Partial Preview Graph 18 chapter 2 Chameleon 2 lt a NO GANAN PAN a RUN ep Be No Re e Sar ado 22 Easy Advanced mode l l 22 Using Chameleon 2 Easy and Advanced o oc ooo o
9. calculates the cents overpull based on a percentage for that note see overpull percentage charts below and offsets the Target All this occurs automatically and very quickly Medium and Small pitch raising procedure 1 Play the next chromatic note and NoteSwitcher will switch to it Or play any selected note chromatic NoteSwitcher won t work so you ll first have to switch manually 2 The note s pitch will be measured and recorded Don t tune the string until the Spinner ball has filled in completely indicating CE has finished recording the string s pitch and calculating the overpull This occurs very rapidly especially in the treble After the Spinner ball has filled in the deviation of the not yet tuned selected note relative to the Tune box reading will be displayed in the Original box and a grey box will appear over the key on the graphic keyboard s Pitch Raise Progress Bar 78 3 The Target will shift left or right to graphically display the note s overpull cents as displayed in the Overpull box For example if 25g overpull were calculated the target would shift to the right like this US Patent 5719343 RPS Inc 1998 4 Tune the string until the Spinner is centered on the shifted target and has stopped rotating The Spinner will be a solid ball in Large Pitch Raise mode or in any mode when you select Spinner Off in the Pitch Raise dialog box In this case tune the string until the Spinner is ce
10. 1999 2000 2001 Reyburn Piano Service Inc All Rights Reserved RCT Authorized Distributors Reyburn Piano Service Inc Dean amp Martha Reyburn 2695 Indian Lakes Road NE Cedar Springs MI 49319 USA 1 888 SOFT 440 1 888 763 8440 or 616 696 0500 fax 616 696 8121 email dean reyburn com Mitch Kiel RPT 11326 Patsy Drive SE Olympia WA 98501 USA 1 888 I LUV RCT 1 888 458 8728 or 360 790 9000 fax 360 264 4795 email mitch reyburn com Odd Aanstad RPT Boda Asen SE 671 95 KLASSBOL Sweden phone 46 570 511 84 Fax 46 570 511 94 email odd reyburn com Jan R C Lensing Lensing Piano Service www pianostemmer nl Lutmastraat 141 A 1073 GV AMSTERDAM The Netherlands phone 31 20 4702 639 or 31 6 246 09 428 fax 31 20 4702 639 email jan reyburn com Mark Bolsius RPT Bolsius Piano Services PO Pox 182 Jamison Centre ACT 2614 Australia phone toll free 81 800 675 871 within Australia or 61 02 6254 5810 mobile 461 041 202 9599 fax 4 61 02 6254 8844 email mark reyburn com Michel Lachance RPT 12 Pope Cookshire Quebec CANADA JOB 1M0 phone toll free 877 875 1485 or 819 875 1485 fax 819 875 3368 email michel reyburn com Hugo Landolfi Echague 1190 2A Villa Bosch 1682 Buenos Aires Argentina 541 844 3306 541 564 1179 fax 541 844 3409 email hugo reyburn com Schaff Piano Supply Company 451 Oakwood Road Lake Zurich IL 60047 USA 1 800
11. 24 Cents er rev sec p foe Color 16 Slow Tor IV target blush IV smooth 6 Ar 60 64 In the Spinner dialog box you can e Select whether Spinner rotation speed is relative to cents or hertz beats e Vary the Spinner s speed rate sensitivity e Select whether Smoothing is enabled default is on Click the Off checkbox to turn the Spinner into a solid ball e Change the arc size from 20 to 140 CE s Spinner button reflects the current arc setting Change Spinner color by clicking Color and selecting any color your computer can display CE s Spinner button reflects the current color setting Turn Targeting on or off The most important of these choices by far is selecting whether the Spinner s rotation displays deviation as cents or hertz beats and Spinner speed Beats is the traditional display mode for visual tuning devices But there s a big problem with beats there are very few beats between notes in the bass and very many beats between notes in the treble In fact there are approximately the same number of beats in a bass octave as in a high treble half step This means a beats display is very slow in the low bass and very fast in the high treble CyberEar s Spinner can be set to beats but RCT is the first and only piano visual tuning device to display deviation as cents The vast majority of RCT users actually as far as we know all RCT users prefer cents ov
12. Chameleon 2 Easy Rdvanced US Patent Variance 6 03 5719343 Octave Tuning Style WW SS TT 000 Oaa 000 Q og exam clean standard stretched Custom EQ r Tuning Partials You may be asking But I thought there s only one way to tune a piano correctly and everything else is simply wrong Why does Advanced mode give me so many choices That s a good question But for experienced tuners with good ears and educated judgment piano tuning is not that simple Depending on varying conditions and taste a non standard stretch or a different tuning partial may sound as good or better than a traditionally correct tuning 24 Some piano tuners may find this a difficult concept You may have been taught for example that the F3 A4 10th should always be exactly one half beat per second faster than the F3 A3 3rd or that a tenor interior 3rd should beat exactly the same as its exterior 6th While it s true that these tests can create great sounding tunings in most situations these aural tests and others are really just guidelines not commandments You are the boss and if you want you can bend the rules to produce an uncommon tuning that may sound just as good or even better than a middle of the road or Safe tuning For example experienced concert tuners often tune concert pianos such as the Steinway D with very wide overall
13. Spinner hub would be over the 10 mark like this US Patent 5719343 O RPS Inc 1998 The Spinner shows the selected note s deviation CyberEar adds together the readings in the Tune box and Offset box to create the total deviation Offset EEJ 5 0 004 EN The reading in the Tune box is taken from the selected note s cell in the tuning chart If the Tune box reading is changed and then saved described below the reading in the selected note s cell in its tuning chart will be re written to match the reading the Tune box For RPT exam use the Offset box is used only when measuring Unisons and Stability The Offset box should always be set to 0 00 when measuring a master tuning or examinee tuning The Offset box is not linked to any cell in a tuning chart which means its reading will not change when you switch to another note The 120 reading in the Offset box cannot be saved in other words the Offset box reading is not written into the tuning chart when the Tune box reading is saved In the Tune and Offset box cents readings are shown to 01 As you are aware RPT exam tolerances are 1 Don t worry For the Tuning Exam but not in normal use all CyberEar cent readings are automatically rounded off to 1f when saved to a tuning chart Usually you ll let CyberEar s auto measure a string s pitch when measuring a master tuning or examinee tuning described below CyberEar s auto measure feature is called the
14. using a direct electronic signal But if you need to use the audio tone don t fret The audio tone method is accurate to about 0 044 which is still extremely close and many times more accurate than pianos metal tuning forks the human ear etc Calibration procedure If your computer has neither a mic in nor line in jack skip step 1 1 Plug audio cable included into the CyberFork and into a mic in or line in jack of your computer If necessary select the proper setting in the Windows Multimedia Control Panel Mac in Monitors and Sound or in the Control Strip 2 Open RCT If necessary close all RCT tuning files and records Pull down the Windows menu and select CyberEar If a dialog box appears informing you CyberEar s pitch is non standard click Reset to 440 After CyberEar opens make sure A4 is selected and the finger under the graphic keyboard points to A4 3 Click the Tune Box s sharp and flat buttons to set the Tune Box to the same number written on the back of the CyberFork To adjust the Tune box by 0 01 increments hold down the Command key Mac or Control key Win while clicking a sharp or flat button bir al 0 296 4 Turn the CyberFork s dial so its red pointer is pointing to A4 located at bottom of dial Set the CyberFork s side switch to beat The CyberFork will now be generating an A4 tone If a cable is plugged into the CyberFork the signal is being 76 sent via the cable and you may not hear
15. you don t have to worry about this anymore SOM automatically keeps its eye on Dmax for you and with its big brother Dmax automatically creates the best possible tunings on all pianos no matter how inharmonically challenged they may be Without Dmax and SOM Easy mode wouldn t be possible Single Octave Minimum SOM specifications SOM settings increase gradually from OTS 1 to 9 RPT Exam matches OTS 4 The following settings are listed as beats per second SOMT 0 52 0 18 0 08 0 00 0 04 0 10 0 16 0 22 0 27 0 00 SOMB 0 82 0 48 0 38 0 30 0 26 0 20 0 14 0 08 0 03 0 30 beats per second SOM B is always 0 30 bps less than SOM T 40 Custom Equalizer o Custom Equalizer EH 30 20 10 04 10 20 Ng more stretch 8 0 Beats A 5 OTS Difference Yamaha C3E 6 grand demo gt C lt B 6 24B T 0 32B 0 6 66B CH2 Custom Equalizer CEQ lets you micro adjust the stretch of any octave of any Octave Tuning Style OTS and shows you graphs to let you pre listen to your tunings CEQ is a very exciting and wonderful innovation It s hard to imagine a better tool for advancing the current movement to create a hybrid tuning method that combines the best of visual and aural techniques But first a word of caution CEQ is designed for experienced tuners and advanced RCT
16. 0 G 1 20 Gt 0 1 20 A 0 0 0 1 10 At 0 0 0 1 0 0 Blas oao4 004 004 oof2 0 91 oji 0 0 1 1 0 127 Tuning Chart x Oct 870 1 lt 7 D EC EE IEEE Dr DO oaa tes tala ol soli sei 6 12 Ge 16 A 6 Ag 5 At the same time the Pitch Correction Number is automatically calculated and entered into the header of the Examinee tuning chart The detuning UUU record 5 is recalculated whenever the Score button is clicked When scoring Part 1 the examiner with Form 6 takes over the operation of RCT and supervises the aural verification and recording The other examiners or the examinee should not see the points until after verification On Form 6 verified points should be circled points not verified should be crossed out The examiner with Form 6 should then total up the verified points convert then to percentage scores and announce in order the scores for pitch temperament and midrange Part 2 of the exam is allowed 60 minutes and in conducted similarly The RCT reader may start reading at C1 note 4 After B2 he skips to the lowest note of the temperament and reads the temperaments section skips to C5 and continues to B7 calling out note name octave and cents reading for each note The examiner with Form 6 then takes over and supervises aural verification As points are tallied for each section this examiner converts them to percentages and announces the scores as they become available 128 Grap
17. 2 os4 1 0 ow4 o a2 oss 3 olcss_ 3 6 cu6 14 7 fas osfas osas oos sspe oe 15 2 lawa o e ps4 o r ns4 o 2 nss 43 7 Da5 4 4 Dw6_ 5 7 L B4 0 3 84 0 6 84 10 3 85 s4 efes 44 9 E6 165 2 cs oijes 0 4 C5 sos ce 44 7 F 6 45 4 F 6 16 8 U ces o 4 cas o 2 cas 0 7 c 6 5 2 Fes 46 1 Fe6 147 5 67 Ser ooo ows 1 2 085 0 4 08s 1 2 086 6 3 css 7 ajose 9 ojos 3 F4 2 0 s 4 2 3je4 1ojes 15fas sofas s ojae 9 9fA 7 r4 2 i F 4 1 9 F 4 0 8 F5 1 9jas5_ 12 3ans 3 4 aws 10 9 A87 8 5 F 4 O 6 F S 2 2 B 5 2 7 B5 3 8 B 6 12 0 B 7 3 Select a pointer or cursor Your choice will depend on the action you wish to accomplish qQ the Magnifying Glass pointer Ka the Tuning Hammer pointer If the Magnifying Glass is clicked on an icon Icon view or a header Header view its tuning chart opens The Tuning Hammer pointer is used to select records for editing cutting copying and pasting To open a tuning chart with the Tuning Hammer press the command key while clicking on a record s icon or header 21 To cut paste and copy entire tuning records to a new location within a file or to another file in both Icon and Header view use the Tuning Hammer pointer to select a record s then use RCT s edit commands cut copy paste etc w Hint Switch pointers by clicking on the pointer icons in the upper right corner of a tuning file window The keyboard shortcut for selecting the Ma
18. 4 1 double octave Let s decrease it to 0 35 beats Click on the A5 slider and drag downwards until the indicator box reads 0 35 When you release the mouse keep your eye on the graph and you ll see several interesting things happen Co 43 0 43 0 30 2 aucun Bs C 20 20 20 5 s if 5 TENG 1 04 1 0 10 lA s 4 5 4 z4b o 40 0 amo 2 e 1 0 10 2 1 10 cad E 1 1 d 20 2 1 20 20 esc em oc oTs 0 65 0 10 2 0 Beats Ad AS AG az gt 1 jg 1 The graphline will belly down at A5 verifying that the stretch is decreased at 5 2 The graphline around A7 will move down but its shape will remain unchanged illustrating that those notes have all been lowered the same number of cents so that beat rates for A6 and A7 will remain the same as confirmed by their pointers and indicator boxes 3 The pointer for A6 has moved slightly downward all by itself Why Look at the A6 slider There are two ratios 4 1 which is a double octave with A4 as its lower note and 2 1 which is a single octave with A5 as its lower note Both ratios are used to calculate the pitch of A6 The 4 1 is weighted slightly more than the 2 1 We just moved A5 down and A5 helps calculate A6 So CEQ moved A6 down too What if we change our minds about altering A5 s stretch Any pointer can be reset to its stock OTS setting by clicking on its colored triangle Click on A5 s colored triangle and it will return to its orig
19. 86 6 48 39 38 8 13 5 34 5 75 aaa 6 7 12 8 16 5 11 15 57 aaa 5 23 08 0 21 4 88 5 00 A 4 16 89 0 24 5 34 0 3 7 98 0 58 5 11 7 25 2 12 72 8 61 5 34 15 10 Mn 1 14 54 5 34 aa PAZ will quickly become your favorite research tool for studying tone and partials No longer will you wish you had an extra 520 000 to spend on a fancy spectrum analyzer You can still wish for the extra 20 000 Pianalyzer gives piano technicians an affordable way to examine piano tone With PAZ piano tone can be discussed with the same objectivity and accuracy now used for tuning partials For example PAZ can measure the effects of voicing by enabling comparisons of PAZ readings before and after needling PAZ can compare remotely located pianos or the effects of string re scaling and room acoustics The potential of PAZ is exciting and endless You ll probably discover uses no one else has thought of yet If so please let us know There s a free RCT T shirt in it for you 101 Using PAZ To take a PAZ reading 1 Select a note by clicking on the graphic keyboard or switch notes with the Computer s keyboard arrows 2 Click Record 3 Play the note and sustain it until the ear stops pulsing After PAZ records the note the tuning fork will spin while PAZ calculates After a few seconds PAZ will display pitch inharmonicity constant sustain volume units and a volume bar ch
20. 9 Prefs The Prefs button opens CyberEar Prefs preferences CyberEar Preferences Name Example sequence two oct A to A a3 ee r JL_IL_ CIL CL Temperament JL JO JO L ss pels CyberEar Defaults me lune Start Mode T Auto Note gb Q Up only Switcher Start Note Q Down Only M Save cents auto record next CJ Here you can change various settings described below When you change a Default Pref it will take effect the next time RCT is opened Start CyberEar defaults You can choose the tuning mode and the start note for when CyberEar starts up The default setting is Fine Tune mode at AO but is you prefer something different you can change it here Calibrate Clicking the Calibrate button opens the Calibrate dialog box where you can adjust the pitch setting of RCT to 01 This button is used only for calibrating RCT to compensate for a pitch error in a Windows computer s hardware 75 Macintosh Macintosh computers are manufactured at correct pitch and don t require any further calibration However the calibration techniques below can be used if you require unusually high accuracy A Windows Windows computers vary in the accuracy of their internal pitch calibration To assure that all laptops running RCT are properly calibrated Windows users should calibrate their laptops immediately after installing RCT or after changing the computer s
21. A s maybe C s too etc and estimate the total average deviation 2 In Small Pitch Raise mode play A0 After CE records that note look at the Original Pitch box to see how far off AO is Octave up to A1 play it and let CE measure it then do the same with A2 and the other A notes C s too Look at the original pitch of each note re displayed if the note is re selected and estimate the piano s overall pitch If you proceed with a pitch raise be sure to click Start New in the Pitch Raise dialog box so the measured notes will be re recorded Thanks to Kent Swafford for this clever tip 3 Strip mute the entire piano Using the Offset Listener in Fine Tune mode the Offset Listener is not enabled in Pitch Raise mode measure the pitch of A4 or another note you think may be more typical then click the NoteSwitcher button to 29 re enable automatic note switching Select and play AO then rapidly play all notes chromatically looking at the Spinner to gauge which sections are sharper or flatter than the measured offset If a preponderance of notes are off pitch manually adjust the Offset box reading and re check until the Offset box reading displays the average overall pitch Now back to our regular feature movie Variance indicates discrepancies between the 3 samples that are averaged together for each sampled A note Variance helps you judge the quality of a note s three samples After recording the three partial ladd
22. A3 A4 minimum 0 00 T SOM 4 2 single octave Why would anyone want to customize User Limits First you might like a different stretch than the standard OTS Limits just like you might like a different stretch than a standard OTS OTS Limits are deliberately set a little on the conservative side you can create more liberal tunings by using your own User Limits Second you might find a way to re set SOM and DMax that solves some problems for tuning a specific piano Some examples e Maybe a narrow A2 A3 sounds great on a certain spinet but you want slightly wider octaves in the tenor In User Limits you might set A2 A3 SOM to 0 20 and A3 A4 SOM to 0 15 If DMax is constraining A3 A4 and A2 A3 too much for your taste and you re willing to have relatively wide tenor double octaves increase DMax to for example 2 0 You can effectively turn off DMax by setting it 4 0 its upper limit Caution If you use User Limits you should take extra care to aurally verify the entire tuning especially if your settings differ substantially from the OTS Limits Generally we recommend you avoid setting DMax higher than 2 5 or SOM less than 20 The only exception may be some extremely scale challenged is that being polite enough spinets for which a 4 2 octave is preferred over a 6 3 at A2 A3 B In this case you can try setting A2 A3 SOM to 0 50 to create a narrow 6 3 octave which might might let you tune relatively pure 4 2 oc
23. B in the B file etc If the A file fills up each tuning file holds a maximum of 240 records create another file called for instance A2 This strategy works best if you anticipate saving lots of tuning files 58 A simpler method is to use a small number of files with many tuning records in each For example Mitch has only five files Customer Library Piano Library Concert Hall College and Research Mitch s Customer Library file holds tuning records for his customers pianos The customer s last name is the header s first word followed by piano make model and serial number When the Customer Library fills up with its maximum of 240 records another file is created called Customer Library N to Z the original file is renamed Customer Library A to M and records whose headers start with N Z are pasted to the Customer Library N to Z file Moving the N Z records to their new file takes one cut and paste The Piano Library file holds tuning records for common piano models The piano s manufacturer is the header s first word followed by the model and serial number which means after selecting Sort these records are alphabetized by manufacturer and model Mitch keeps a Piano Library in case he s in a situation where he can t or doesn t want to record a piano such as a noisy room or for pitch raising Instead he ll open a saved tuning of the same model Because he keeps a Customer Library the Piano Library is no
24. Creating a New Tuning Record 25 Custom Equalizer 34 39 Custom Overpull Percentage Charts 79 CyberEar buttons and boxes 68 Default Pitch Raise Overpull 73 Demo button 31 Detuning 122 Difference 2 cis 21 Differences between RCT Mac and RCT Windows 3 DMax ooper co ee s 32 37 Done button 76 Double Octave Maximum 32 Easy Advanced mode 22 Edit menu 15 96 Edit User Settings 51 Editing o oooooo 91 ENTER key 93 Erase data 91 Erase Data 15 92 Execution protect Execution protected 1 8 143 Fairchild 94 File Formats 58 File window 90 File Print 92 Find Again 21 95 Find Tuning 21 Find Tuning 95 Fine Tune asocia alias 66 First selected note 68 Formats allowed 90 Fund 20G oo basen eel ok eed 100 Graph eh ee eh 88 95 GRAPH button 94 Guarantee 4 131 Hardware and Software Requirements 8 137 Header 14 92 Header box 87 Header view 20 92 Headers 54 Historical Temp ts 21 How to Interpret the Interval Preview Graph 19 89 G7 aaa AN ANA nA ee ts 100 Icon View 91 I
25. Duos must have AppleTalk turned off and be restarted Note also that the Mac PowerBook Duo s built in combined modem printer port may operate differently than the Dock s ports 8 For laptops use AC power not battery This may increase the power the serial port receives 108 9 New computers may have problems with older MIDI interfaces Some serial ports don t put out enough power for older MIDI interfaces resulting in MIDI dropout and RCT error messages Try a different MIDI interface MIDI Error Messages Reyburn CyberTuner does extensive checking for possible errors in MIDI transfer to ensure the highest level of protection for your piano tuning records RCT Error ERROR TEXT Meaning 0 NO TUNINGS RECEIVED IN 10 SECONDS Fither the SHIFT MIDI OUT buttons on the SAT wasn t pressed soon enough or there is a bad connection somewhere 1 MIDI INTERFACE NOT RESPONDING The MIDI interface may be connected incorrectly or connected to the wrong port Is theWindows driver installed Check your Mac MIDI interface manual to make sure it operates at the correct mH7 speed most are 1 mHz 2 TOO MANY BYTES IN HEADER There may be leftover tunings from the last unsuccessful receive Try it again or exit RCT and try again This is often caused by pressing MIDI OUT on the SAT before pressing Receive or Verify on the Computer 3 TUNING BUFFER OVERFLOW More tunings were sent to the computer than the tuning buffer had reserved room for R
26. EQ User Settings window opens you ll see ten radio buttons each with a text box for typing in the name of the User Setting The Save button saves the current User Settings Apply lets you apply a saved User Setting to the presently recorded piano Edit lets you examine or edit a saved User Setting s parameters OK accepts any changes to the User Settings and closes the window and Cancel rejects any changes to the User Settings and closes the window 52 EQ User Settings User Setting 1 User Setting 2 User Setting 3 User Setting 4 User Setting 5 User Setting 6 User Setting 7 User Setting 8 User Setting 9 User Setting 10 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q More specifically To save the current CEQ setting the selected OTS and how far you ve moved each slider click on a radio button type in a name for the User Setting or leave the default name then click Save After you ve saved some User Settings you might wish to apply a saved User Setting to another piano After sampling that piano in Ch2 open the User settings window click a radio button to select a User Setting then click Apply The User Settings window will close and the selected User Setting will be applied to the currently recorded piano If the sliders on the new piano are different from the original it s probably because the new piano was constrained by the current Limits settings To e and or edit the specifications f
27. INSTALLED No serial MIDI interface was detected by Reyburn CyberTuner 12 29 Not Used 30 THIS SAT TUNING FORMAT IS NOT SUPPORTED RCT only supports the current SAT tuning format 2 Format 1 was never used with MIDI to date only format 2 has been used Please call RPS if you get this one 31 BYTE COUNT DOES NOT MATCH SAT The SAT sends how many bytes to expect and that was NOT the amount that was actually received Garbled data is almost 100 certain 32 TUNING INTEGRITY HAS BEEN COMPROMISED A part of a tuning was lost RCT received a fraction of a tuning and the SAT only sends whole tunings Garbage is a sure thing UNDEFINED ERROR XX XX will be a number indicating the number of the undefined error You should NEVER see this error since it would probably mean that RCT s MIDI error handler has a bug If Murphy s law comes true and you do please call Dean 110 chapter 8 CHAMELEON 1 ri Chameleon 1 Singing Core Winding Winding Unwound Length Diameter Diameter C I A End EPRI Tuning Record Octave Tuning Style O JN JM e QOO oea 000 Q clean standard stretched RPT exam Lengths Hire gauge Al wound Bass partial nillimeters standard single eighth O inches O metric O double Q sixth Using physical measurements from 5 strings Chameleon 1 will create an aural quality tuning for any piano There are 11 tuning styles built into this version
28. In other words if A7 is to be tuned flatter than a double octave A7 2 0 its pitch will be calculated based on the fourth partial of A5 and the second partial of A6 If A7 is to be tuned to a double octave or wider A7 2 2 0 its pitch will be calculated based on the fourth partial of A5 and the eighth partial of A4 ka Hint If you take samples with an OTS that doesn t need A6 OTS 4 and higher then change your mind and wish to select an OTS which uses A6 Ch2 will interpolate the A6 A7 octave and create a tuning that s as accurate as if it had sampled the A6 partial ladder Alternately if you want Ch2 to actually take samples at A6 select the lower OTS then click the A6 tuning fork over the graphic keyboard The ear will appear over A6 indicating you should play A6 so that 1ts samples can be taken a Hint When sampling A6 play it forte repeatedly 2 or 3 times a second to get a lower variance number and a better Ch2 tuning Sampling two strings tuned in unison may also help if the sustain is short Ch2 handles A6 differently than other sampled notes If Ch2 sees variance numbers higher than 2 00g on A6 it will ignore the A6 partial altogether and interpolate it If the variance is between 1 00g and 2 00g it will weight the consideration of the A6 partial ladder If A6 s variance is below 1 00 Ch2 uses the A6 partial ladder unaltered Tuning Partials In Advanced mode you can choose Tuning Partials for the low bass A0 G
29. L Mac or Control L Win to open the most recent tuning file If you re using RCT for the first time Open Latest may be empty RCT remembers the Open Latest list even after you quit RCT or shut down your computer Creating a New Tuning Record If a piano doesn t already have a tuning record you need to create one You can also create another tuning record for any piano if for example you want to use a different OTS or tuning partial a Hint Before creating a new tuning record open the tuning file in which you want the new record to be stored This way the new tuning record will automatically be placed at the end of this tuning file when you click the Calculate button To create a new tuning record click the Record button play the five or six sample notes as indicated If you re in Advanced Mode select an OTS or tuning partials Click the Calculate button Here s a more detailed description Record button Click the Record button to start the sampling process To cancel the sampling process click Stop To pause the sampling process click Pause To continue click Pause again To re sample a note click on its graphic keyboard note tuning fork or variance box To restart the sample process at any note select that note using the 8va buttons To move to another note when sampling press the computer s arrow keys pate lel Sl sa Es Ch2 will prompt you through the entire sampling process You never ha
30. Listener and it s extremely fast and accurate Measuring and recording an examinee tuning can take as little as 12 minutes The procedure is described below You can manually adjust the cents readings in the Tune box or Offset box by clicking on the sharp or flat buttons to the right of the box Each click will adjust the box s reading by 1 If you hold the mouse button down over a sharp or flat button the reading will continually change by 1 After two seconds it will change rapidly Even though it isn t necessary for the Tuning Exam the Tune box and Offset box can be adjusted by 01 by holding down the Command key Mac or Control key Win while clicking the sharp or flat buttons To automatically set the Tune or Offset box to 0 00 click its Clear button the little button with the C located to the left of the box Ej Tune box cents reading can be adjusted from the computer s keyboard by pressing the ct or gt key Pressing the c key will clear the Tune box Pressing the Command key Mac or Control key Win while pressing the lt or gt key will also adjust the Tune box by 014 Note Selection In CyberEar notes are selected either manually or automatically To select a note manually click on any note on CyberEar s graphic keyboard or use the on screen navigation buttons or use the computer s arrow keys Usually CyberEar will automatically switch notes for you when you re measuri
31. More pitch raising tips 1 Keep your eye on the Note Selection Box when pitch raising to make sure NoteSwitcher is on the correct note and switching properly especially in the bass where it sometimes grabs onto a note a minor 3rd below where you think you are NoteSwitcher can t see what note you re playing it just hears a pitch and assumes it s the note closest to the readings in the tuning chart To prevent accidents you might want to disable NoteSwitcher or set it to up only It defaults to up only in Medium and Large PR mode It s easy to switch notes manually just press the right arrow key conveniently located at the lower right corner of your Computer s keyboard or press the space bar You can also switch notes by positioning your cursor over the note up on screen navigation button and tapping the mouse button with an index finger In CE if any arrow key or the space bar is held down it ll switch repeatedly The repeat speed is set in the Keyboard control panel under the Apple menu The mouse button is single switch only 2 Tuning records used during a pitch raise can come from several sources an already saved record from a similar model piano maybe from the Chameleon 2 Library if it came with your purchase of RCT anew tuning record you just calculated if necessary after pulling up the A notes to rough pitch see next hint anew tuning record you just calculated using Ast notes for samples After the pia
32. P EM qan QI eee 124 Unisons and Stability lee 128 Appendix A Reyburn CyberTuner Innovations in Visual Tuning by Kent Swafford RPT 0 2c eee eee 129 Appendix B The SentinelKey Hardware Key 004 131 Appendix C Curico nn tai e GG Ux NA ee Fae 133 Software license agreement notification of copyright 133 LICENSE secu snd ead at et Mer ee nah REDE RS 133 Limited Warranty Limitation Of Remedies 134 General ui RED ete LER CNN RE Heo ets 134 U S Government Restricted Rights o o o ooo o o 134 Appendix D vaas e RUE ECT E EU AUREUS ER S 135 RCT Tuning Tips and Techniques eara nnn nna 135 Tuning Bosendorfer Imperials llle 135 Some thoughts on tuning and muting procedures 135 Appendix E o 2436 49493 kb muse GPS E NEU AES 137 Microphones i e MERIDIA eR pedem lahad 137 Appendix E atacs grana e a a c neos he Sa Bes 138 Files created and used by RCT llle 138 Appendix G o des AR AUS 141 Keyboard Shortcuts llle 141 Introduction Welcome to R eyburn CyberT uner the most advanced visual tuning system on the inner planets Who wrote this manual This manual was written by two people with very different experience levels of Reyburn CyberTuner Dean Reyburn RPT is a professional piano technician as well as RCT s designer programmer and with his wife Martha Reyburn co owner of its publishing company Reyburn Pia
33. Partial Preview Graph CyberEar Pianalyzer Chameleon 1 and MIDI Control Any or all of these modules can be open simultaneously The Windows menu also lets you choose from three management windows Tuning File Tuning Chart or Tuning Graph 16 Tuning File displays a tuning file and the all tuning records it contains Tuning File windows can be viewed in Icon view under the View menu select Icon view o Chameleon 2 OTS 4 rct B STEINWAY D CI cf G8 cE G9 c9 G8 c8 G8 G8 G8 c8 G8 c8 G8 G8 CE c8 cfl A e a 49 9 od 1 cd cE cE cE cE c c c ct cd 8 a 3 4 3 3 c8 cS cS cS cS GO cfi cf GR GR GR GR a cf CR cfl cf cf af cf cf GH of ok T nine GR GR af afl af af of of of cC GC cC cfl cfl cfi cfi Header Gf af aS aS aS aS aS II O A A cS cS cS cS aa cS RE cS aS eSI GS GS A E cS A A S aO afl af cfi aH ot 9 EA 49 9 9 9 ef A A A A A A Ad dd dd G5 E E EA EA EA A A A A A A A A A A A A A A E E E E EA EA A A A A A A A A A A A A dl di a Tuning Headers SAMICK SU14DA CC 98 RPS gt 4 lt SAMICK SU2431 C gt 98 RPS 4 SCHIMMEL 208 6 10 lt C 98 RPS 4 SCHIMMEL 6 GRAND 1995 C gt 98 RPS gt 4 lt SCHIMMEL ST DD 0 cC 98 RPS 4 3 SOHMER 5 G BRDG AGRFS CC 98 RPS gt 4 lt B SOHMER CONS 34 96 cC 98 RPS 4 SOHMER STUDIO MPH RPS gt 4 lt STEINWAY CC gt 4 lt STEIN
34. Then make a similar set of tuning graphs using OTS 1 and OTS 9 and compare them to each other and with the different piano types The Partial Preview Graph therefore can be used to help you analyze the scale of the piano and let you know if the tuning needs to massaged by RCT s Limits which occurs automatically or even moreso by using your ears and RCT s customizable settings Formats allowed Reyburn CyberTuner can save tuning records created by Ch2 Ch1 and an SAT RCT lets you to manually create a tuning record by typing in cents readings and partials CyberEar can use tuning records created by Chameleon 1 Chameleon 2 Fairchild FAC manually entered or recorded aural tunings Overview of files and records One tuning file at a time containing up to 240 tuning records can be opened for viewing editing etc You may create as many tuning files as your disk space will allow A tuning file can be viewed in two ways Icons or Headers When a file is opened or tunings are received via MIDI a File window is opened This window gives an overall view of the tuning records in a tuning file Each small grand piano icon represents a piano tuning record If a valid record is present the icon displays the first byte of the header whatever you ve entered usually the piano make and an eighth note If an invalid or empty record is present the icon is empty The File window in View Icons allows moving records within one file or
35. You can choose between very narrow to very wide octave widths a special style for the RPT tuning exam and a Custom style Choose Chameleon 1 from the Window menu A tuning file must be open before you can calculate a tuning Chameleon also needs to know which tuning page to put the calculated tuning enter this in the box after the words Calculate Tuning To Use Chameleon 1 measure the singing length and wire diameters for notes Al A2 A3 A4 and A5 For Al and usually A2 you ll also need to measure winding diameter unwound segment length and enter the winding metal type Definitions 1 Singing Length Measurement in inches from one end of the primary sounding portion of the string to the other end The singing area may end at a bridge pin an agraffe a pressure bar a capo bar or a hitch pin For example the singing length might be from the center of the bridge pin to the center of an agraffe 2 Core Diameter Unwrapped steel portion of the wire Measure in inches with a micrometer graduated in thousandths of an inch or use the wire gauge size written on the plate or bridge if you can determine if the size is metric or not For wound strings only 3 Winding Diameter The entire outside width of a wound string including core and all windings 111 4 Winding C I A Type of metal used in winding Copper Iron Aluminum Copper is assumed unless otherwise specified 5 Unwound End Length from the end of the windings to the
36. a soundboard that is moist and swollen may have a different impedance compared to dry and flatter These changes may affect the inharmonicity which may alter the partial ladders which will yield different tuning data It s still a good idea to build a piano library of tunings from all the models you service in case it s too noisy to take samples or you re rushed for time O Q amp A Question Why do I get different tuning data for different pianos that use the same OTS Answer Because different pianos have different inharmonicities which means a partial ladder from A2 of Piano A will be different from A2 of Piano B Ch2 uses partial ladders to calculate the 88 note tuning so different partial ladders will cause Ch2 to calculate different pitches for the 88 notes Organizing Tuning Files It s most efficient use of hard disk space to put many records into a small number of files A full tuning file containing the maximum 240 records occupies about 63K on a hard disk A file with only one record occupies 13K although only 712 bytes are used For comparison 240 files with one record each would occupy 3 120K or 3 12 megs That s a differential of almost 50 1 There are several recommended strategies for organizing tuning files When you installed RCT a folder named A to Z Library was created In it are 26 empty tuning files named A B C etc You can store records whose headers start with the letter A in the A file with the letter
37. a tone If CyberFork is producing an audio tone i e you re not using the cable let CyberFork warm up for at least 30 seconds and place its speaker 1 2 from the computer s mic 5 Click the Offset box s Listener button CE will auto measure CyberFork s tone displaying the result in the Offset box On a piece of paper write down the reading that appears in the Offset box Repeat this test at least ten times especially if you re using the audio tone Throw out the highest and lowest result then average them add them all up then divide by the number of readings This is your computer s pitch error Offset LG MT 6 Click CyberEar s Prefs Preferences button 9 Prefs The CyberEar Prefs dialog box will open Click the Calibrate button The Calibration dialog box will open Calibration Master offset 0 000 e Cancel In the Calibrate text box type in the reverse sign number you calculated as the computer s pitch error For example if your computer s pitch error is 98 type into the Calibrate text box 98 Click OK to close the Calibrate dialog box Your computer is now calibrated 7 Back in CyberEar double check the calibration as follows Set the Offset box to 0 00 by clicking its Clear button which is the little button labeled C located just to the left of the Offset box The Tune Box should still display the reading written on the back of the CyberFork The Spinner should be stopped
38. a wider Bass SOM setting in User Limits in CEQ or a wider OTS At the least you should aurally verify the notes where the curves are positive or non smooth To better gauge the beat speeds of these slow beating intervals choose the expanded 200 view radio button How to Interpret the Partial Preview Graph Experience is the best teacher for learning how to use the Partial Preview Graph PPG A great way to start is to look at Tuning Graphs post calculation of saved tunings For instance if you have a large Tuning Library open the first tuning record go under the Windows menu and select Tuning Chart then page through the library by depressing the Command Mac or Control Windows key and pressing the left or right arrow keys on your computer keyboard You ll notice that well scaled pianos have curves that are relatively parallel In other words the curve for notes using the 6th partial will have a similar slope to the curve for notes using the 3rd partial etc You ll also see that well scaled pianos curves have nearby endpoints indicating consistent inharmonicity are valley shaped indicating normal amounts of inharmonicity and have smooth curves in the low bass and high treble assuming a moderate OTS such as OTS 4 To illustrate this point using the Demo button in Ch2 create some Partial Preview Graphs or Tuning Graphs for the Kimball spinet and notice how these curves differ from for example the Steinway D using the same OTS
39. aural intervals before you tune the piano After viewing the IPG you may decide to select another OTS use CEQ to customize the tuning set User Limits to another setting Or it may alert you to a potential problem somewhere on the keyboard that you want to aurally verify and if necessary corect by ear during or after the tuning process Tips Smooth curves in beat speeds of the 2 1 4 2 and 6 3 octaves indicate a well scaled piano Parallel curves for 3rds 10ths and 17ths also indicate a well scaled piano Sometimes the 10ths will show a spike near A4 this in normal and sounds just fine To view the relationship of these curves more easily select the Lower note radio button Look at the curves for 5ths and 12ths On grands and well scaled verticals these curves will be smooth and stay narrow negative beats or close to pure If they are positive or non smooth it means the Sths and 12ths are wide instead of narrow as they should be This may occur in short scale pianos such as spinets RCT s Limits function automatically creates the best compromises in the tuning calculations for such poorly scaled pianos so there may be nothing you can do to improve the tuning although you can try using a wider Bass SOM setting in User Limits in CEQ or a wider OTS At the least you should aurally verify the notes where the curves are positive or non smooth To better gauge the beat speeds of these slow beating intervals choose the exp
40. blush increases in diameter The blush is the same color as the Spinner and half its brightness If you change the Spinner s color in the Spinner dialog box the blush color will change too Here s how Targeting works If the Spinner speed is set to the default rate of 2 0 per revolution per second a 50 diameter blush appears when the string is within 0 3 of its correct pitch The blush increases in size to 70 diameter when the string is within 0 2 increases to 90 when the string is within 0 15 and fills the Target when the string is within 0 1g Targeting sensitivity is proportionate to Spinner sensitivity In other words if you double the Spinner rate the Targeting tolerances double For example if you reset the Spinner to 4 per revolution per second then the Target blush will be 50 diameter at 0 6g 70 at 0 4g 90 at 0 3g and 100 at 0 2g Targeting works even if the Spinner is set to Hertz beats At a Spinner setting of 2 beats per revolution per second the Target blushing numbers are 5090 at 0 3 bps 70 at 0 2 bps 90 at 0 15 bps and 100 at 0 1 bps and change proportionately with the Spinner rate 63 Your ultimate goal is to get 100 Targeting for as long as possible which is virtually impossible to attain Most pianos are not well built enough to generate a pitch stable enough to show a sustained full blush some poorly built pianos are barely capable of blushing at all Have they no shame Poo
41. causing the conflict If you do discover a conflicting program please call Dean and report the offending program This will enable me to fix the conflict or if I can t fix it at least let other users be aware of the problem See the computer System manual if you don t understand system extensions Mac OS System 7 has an Extensions Manager which can be used to track down extension conflicts but I prefer to use a great program called Conflict Catcher by Cassady amp Greene QuickTime MIDI Compatibility Note If you use Apple s QuickTime system extension you may need to disable it if you have MIDI problems 4 Check the operation of the buttons on the SAT The SHIFT button on older models converted to MIDI tend to be unreliable since it used the most and is often worn out The membrane type SAT s don t seem to have any problems at all Make sure to hold the SHIFT button down while you press the MIDI OUT button on the SAT DON T roll over from SHIFT to MIDI OUT 5 Try swapping out one hardware component at a time This is a very effective way to determine where the problem is Swap out Serial cable to the computer MIDI Cables MIDI Interface computer Sanderson Accu Tuner Dock if your computer has one 6 Reinstall Reyburn CyberTuner and restart computer See installation instructions at the beginning of this manual 7 Some PowerBooks with a combined modem printer port including Macintosh PowerBook
42. comes with one year of free unlimited toll free phone support from Dean and Mitch To enable continuation of this generous policy please be judicious and responsible We spent a lot of time writing this manual so you could answer most of your own questions If you phone us for help the first question you ll be asked is Have you looked in the manual We hope the answer is Yes When you phone us please have your computer plugged in to an AC outlet and running RCT and have on hand your dock and floppy drive original RCT floppy disks or CD and SentinelKey Please note that Dean lives in Michigan in the Eastern Time Zone and Mitch is in Washington state in the Pacific Time Zone 30 Day Money Back Guarantee If you re not completely satisfied Reyburn CyberTuner can be returned within 30 days of receipt for a full refund excluding shipping This 30 day money back 5 guarantee is available only to those in the piano tuning trade or currently enrolled in a bona fide training program Before returning any item you must first call us and receive a Return Authorization number No returns will be accepted without a Return Authorization number Returned merchandise must be received in like new condition and include all original packaging and materials 5 year guarantee on SentinelKey The SentinelKey included with RCT is guaranteed for a period of five 5 years from date of purchase If the SentinelKey fails for any reason other than mis
43. deviation In other words the more the deviation the faster the rotation If a note is flat the Spinner rotates counterclockwise if a note is sharp the Spinner rotates clockwise The Spinner also moves proportionately to the left if the note is flat and to the right if the note is sharp 118 Target Blushing Target blushing begins when the Spinner has almost stopped spinning in other words then the Spinner and note s pitch are almost matched When the target starts to blush a half diameter dim circle appears inside the Spinner The size of the blush increases as you get closer until it fills up the Spinner Here are the specs for how close the string s pitch must be to the Spinner s cents reading sum of Tune box and Offset box and the resulting Blush diameter These specs apply only at the recommended Spinner setting of 2 0 revolution second 0 3g 50 0 2 70 0 15 90 0 1g 10090 Blush specs change proportionately to the Spinner rate In other words if you make the Spinner less sensitive by setting it to 4 0 rev sec the above listed Blush specs will be 0 66 0 4 0 3g and 0 24 If the Spinner is set to its maximum sensitivity of 1 0 rev sec blush specs will be 0 156 0 1 0 075 and 0 054 We recommend you always see some degree of target blushing before you save a note s cents reading This will help all examiners maintain high and consistent measuring standards If you can get a full blush for e
44. do this Overpull Averaging The previous five notes original cents are averaged in with the original pitch of the selected note before CE applies the appropriate overpull percentage This improves the accuracy of the pitch raise by smoothing out the overpull cents for any single note that might be abnormally sharp or flat Technical explanation Soundboard deflection is not single point the stiffness of the soundboard assembly soundboard ribs and bridge spread out the change in string plane downforce during pitch raising In other words a change in one note s downforce will deflect the soundboard assembly throughout approximately a half octave range The notes above the selected note will change pitch too but these changes are already compensated for in CE s overpull percentages Exceptions to Overpull Averaging A note with no pitch measurement not recorded properly or skipped won t display a grey area in its progess bar Any such note will not be included when averaging overpull for subsequent notes This feature new in 3 5 increases the accuracy of the overpull averages It means that if you switch from Fine Tuning to Pitch Raising in the middle of a tuning the first five notes being pitch raised will not have their overpull incorrectly deflated by including empty zero readings for previous notes Overpull averaging also works from the highest bass note just below the LPWN to the lowest bass note A0 81 Low bass
45. each note three times then averages the three samples Most technicians prefer to use the best string for all three samples but it s OK if the samples are taken from different strings of a bichord or trichord even if the strings are not in unison This multi string procedure will average out any discrepancies between the strings and might result in better data under less than ideal circumstances such as mismatched windings bad terminations etc a Hint Sustain the note while the rings are flashing When the rings stop flashing let up on the key immediately to stop the note from sounding Otherwise it might accidentally trigger Ch2 to listen for the next sample before you play the note again a Hint Ch2 prefers quiet when sampling but is capable of taking highly accurate samples even in a noisy room When Ch2 takes samples it uses very narrow filters when listening for partial ladder information If noise isn t present at those narrow frequency windows Ch2 won t even know it s there If noise is interfering with sample taking variance numbers will be unusually high or the tuning fork will start to spin before you play the note An example of Ch2 s ability to ignore noise To help our friend Doug Wood RPT and an RCT user prepare for a Sunday class at the 1997 Pacific NorthWest Regional Conference we sampled and tuned a piano late Saturday night while loud boomy dance music played in the hotel s nightclub across the
46. end of singing length average the two ends if different from each other Type these measurements into the appropriate boxes in the Chameleon 1 main window Chl will estimate A1 for you if you leave A1 blank but a better tuning will usually result if you measure Al Ch1 checks most values to make sure they are sensible For example no 12 foot grands or 2 foot spinets allowed Wire gauges can be used but micrometer measurements are less error prone Chl uses either and knows the difference automatically For help in putting in the numbers press Demo Data button Sample data for a 9 ft grand will appear in the Ch1 input window The Clear Data button is handy if you are calculating several pianos Just press this button between pianos to start with a clean slate Examples of wire size info 17 39 039 All three mean the same thing to Ch1 assuming American wire gauge Pianotek carries a really nice thin anvil micrometer that is easy to get between the strings a Starrett 1 micrometer model 220AP 1 A digital add on option is also available from Pianotek for about 120 helpful to eliminate errors Contact Bob Marinelli at Pianotek at 1 800 347 3854 When measuring singing length convert the measurement to decimal inches For example A 36 and 5 8 inch measurement would be entered as 36 63 36 625 rounded up Some better hardware or machinist s supply stores may carry a decimal inches tape measure e g Stanley On th
47. for setting such high standards writing about pianos and all my wonderful friends who have helped me along the way especially Fern Henry Doug Wood and Carl Lieberman Thanks to Dean Reyburn for creating RCT for all the right reasons Mitch Kiel chapter 1 GETTING STARTED SentinelKey and SoftKey Reyburn CyberTuner RCT is not copy protected you can make as many copies as you wish RCT is execution protected meaning it will not run unless the SentinelKey hardware key is used included with every purchase of RCT or SoftKey is installed SoftKey is a software version of SentinelKey which works on laptops only When SoftKey is installed on a laptop recommended RCT will open and run without SentinelKey attached Always shut down your computer before attaching or un attaching SentinelKey If SentinelKey is not attached and SoftKey is not installed RCT will not open If SentinelKey is attached but SoftKey is uninstalled RCT will open On laptops the SoftKey dialog box will automatically appear asking if you want to install SoftKey If SoftKey is installed but SentinelKey is not attached RCT will open If SoftKey is installed SentinelKey will not open RCT on another computer This security system is very simple to use and virtually trouble free If you ever have a problem call us We can usually fix 1t over the phone Ka Hint SoftKey won t recognize a version of RCT with a higher number than the version that was
48. for the next note will be selected Type in the correct cents reading for the next note and continue Every five or ten notes select Save under the File menu so that your new entries will be saved to the computer s hard disk To type in any other cell s cents reading click on the cell s cents reading then type Creating a Detuning To create a detuning a Master tuning must already be recorded onto RCT s Master tuning record 3 SUP Select Tuning Exam under the Tools menu The Score RPT Tuning Exam window will appear 124 Score RPT Tuning Exam Examinee record EEE 1 Master record SUP E Temperament octave Bre CE3 C G 3 C C 3 F3 CA3 CD3 C FHS C ARS C D 3 C63 CB3 Score puts points into tuning record 2 POI the difference into 4 DFF and the detuning into 5 UUU Click the Detune button The correct detuned cents readings for each note will automatically be calculated and entered into RCT s Detuning tuning record 5 UUU Want a chuckle Here s a graph of an example detuning Tuning Graph TS 5 of 6 DETUNING uuu 40 30 8055C h ABC A7C8 To detune the exam piano open the UUU record select CyberEar and with NoteSwitcher enabled tune each note until the Spinner stops For detuning blushing is not important 125 Multiple Master Tunings records If you ll be using RCT to administer exams on more than one
49. hall It sounded like King Kong had eaten beans for breakfast We were able to take accurate samples and fine tune the piano because the dance music had no signal at the narrow high frequency windows at which RCT listened 27 Another war story Mitch tuned fifteen pianos with RCT at the 1998 NAMM show a gigantic music trade show in LA Ch2 took low variance samples under 0 20 even though two other piano tuners were simultaneously tuning pianos in the same room Tuning the pianos went just fine too CE wasn t bothered by the noise either unless another tuner was tuning the same note or a note containing the same partial Mitch says Tm not as tough as RCT I wore musician s earplugs used my heavy brass key pounder and drank plenty of fluids w Hint For the most accurate samples play every note at the same mezzo forte medium volume Ch2 remembers all sampled partial ladders until you re click the Record button even if you quit RCT or select a Demo piano This means additional tuning records can be calculated without re sampling if for example you want to create another tuning record using a wider Octave Tuning Style or different Tuning Partials To do so choose new settings in Ch2 then click the Calculate button To clear Demo piano samples from Ch2 click the Demo button and choose Restore last recorded piano then click OK The most recent samples recorded from a real piano will be active and
50. have any questions concerning this agreement contact Reyburn Piano Service Inc 616 696 0500 License 1 Reyburn Piano Service Inc grants you the right to use one copy of the software on a single user computer or on a single terminal or workstation of a multi user computer or local area network Each workstation or terminal on a multi user computer or a local area network must be separately licensed by Reyburn Piano Service Inc 2 You may not sublicense rent or lease the software but you may permanently transfer your license to use the software and accompanying materials by delivering to another party the original diskettes and materials comprising the software package and the SentinelKey notifying Reyburn Piano Service of the transfer so that we may transfer the registration and by simultaneously destroying all copies of the software and accompanying materials in your possession Such transfer terminates your license to use the software The new recipient of the software and accompanying materials accepts this agreement and is licensed under the terms of this agreement upon initially using the software There may be a charge for re registration of the new licensee 3 Reyburn Piano Service Inc further grants you the right to make a backup archival copy of the software diskettes as set forth in the Notification of Copyright above You may not decompile disassemble reverse engineer copy 134 transfer tamper or modify th
51. in graphic form The graph s horizontal axis displays notes AO to C8 its vertical axis displays cents There are three graph lines because the RPT Tuning Exam uses three partials partial 4 partial 2 and partial 1 which you can see labeled at each graph line s right terminus TH 1 of 6 EXAMINEE 8 CEEE PCN 1 7 30 20 a c0 73085 C1 A1 C2 A2 C3 A3 C4 R4 C5 AS C6 Rec A7 C8 No more than one file and one record can be open at a time An open file or record is called the active file or record From a Tuning chart you can click the Prev and Next buttons to flip to the previous and next tuning charts Click on a chart s Graph button to see its graph E D pes i To view a Previous or Next graph hold down the Command key Mac or Control key Win and press the computer s left or right arrow key 117 To go to CyberEar from a tuning chart click on the rectangular button with the CyberEar Spinner inside it Another way to navigate around RCT is to pull down the Windows menu and select Tuning File Tuning Chart Tuning Graph or CyberEar You may see other modules or commands in RCT s menus but they are not needed for the RPT Exam and therefore are not discussed here CyberEar CyberEar measures and displays a note s pitch You use CyberEar to measure and save a master tuning or examinee tuning Here s a very important RCT concept you ne
52. is located over an A note called the slider s control note Each slider helps you set the stretch for its control note and surrounding notes For example the slider located over A5 controls the stretch of A5 and a half octave on either side for a total of a one octave range As is the case with most of Ch2 CEQ s sliders are not walled off from each other an adjustment in one area is automatically smoothly blended into adjacent areas The numbers alongside each slider are beats per second On each slider is a triangle shaped pointer that shows the setting for that slider This pointer is what you click and drag to change a slider s setting An indicator box under each slider shows the exact setting of its pointer To increase the stretch of an octave click and drag its slider upwards to decrease stretch click and drag it down Go ahead and try this The number in the indicator boxes change in real time as you move a pointer When you release the mouse a new tuning is calculated using your new settings and a CEQ mini graph is created CEQ graphs There are two graphs in CEQ OTS Difference and Aural Intervals OTS Difference shows the difference between an OTS s standard settings and the tweaks you made when you moved the sliders If this sound familiar it s because Ch2 already offers this capability as the Difference tool under the Tools gt Math menu AO A1 A2 A3 R4 AS AB A7 ots Difference Y
53. listed under the Partial Number column Not all these are actual partials some are for use in organ tuning especially 1 11 and 13 Changing Pitch Using the pitch change control buttons at the top of the tuning chart window the tuning can be raised or lowered in pitch by any number of beats per second bps or Hertz Hz in 0 1 increments This corresponds to 0 4 cents Click once for 0 1 cents change or hold the button down just like the cents buttons in CyberEar to change the pitch a larger amount To increment by 01 bps press the Command key Mac or Control key Win or Shift key Mac and Win while clicking a pitch control arrow All 88 notes are changed simultaneously The pitch can also be changed by simply selecting the text in the box underneath A4 Hz and typing in the desired pitch Frankly we recommend you leave the tuning chart at 440 and make all your pitch changes in CyberEar The only instance we recommend changing the Tuning Chart s pitch is for a specific piano which will always be tuned to non A440 Tuning Type Next to the Change Pitch box is another box that displays the probable origin or usage of the record in the tuning chart RCT makes an educated guess by examining the partials RCT recognizes the following types 1 Exam Piano Technicians Guild Tuning Exam 2 Chameleon Reyburn Piano Service 3 FAC Inventronics 4 Fairchild Steve Fairchild super tuning Using The Graph From the tuni
54. note again as indicated You ll be asked to play it three times After resampling is completed for that note the sampling process ends You can restart the sample process at any note by clicking on an 8va button located at the top of the Ch2 window If you click the 8va down button the highest A note will be selected Click 8va down repeatedly to select lower notes Click the 8va up button to select the lowest A and re click to select higher A notes After sampling a note the sample process continues through the rest of the A notes in the order as if you d clicked the Record button It s OK to select a note in passing even if you don t want to resample it Samples for any A note won t be erased until and unless you play the note and resample it three times In other words the resample process is non destructive of any note s recorded samples until the resample is fully completed If re sampling results in a higher worse variance than the original sampling a dialog box will appear asking what to do use the higher variance sample probably not revert to the previous sample retry and sample again or cancel There s also a checkbox if you want to let RCT always choose the better sample without displaying this dialog box in other words auto reject any new sample with a higher variance If you check this box a beep will let you know when this auto reject occurs This box will stay checked for this session only and will uncheck itse
55. noticeably It is a genuine advancement in visual tuning to be able to calculate successively wider or narrower tunings until a suitable compromise is reached between the single and double octaves Tam very excited about the accuracy of Chameleon 2 tunings because of the specific way I like to use visual tuning devices A VTD should provide a good overall framework for a tuning by properly adjusting for the inharmonicity of the piano taking into consideration the general level of inharmonicity the change in inharmonicity through the scale and my stretching preferences This visual tuning is a macro tuning if you will fitting a tuning to the piano accurately across the scale creating a uniform stretch throughout Final refinement or micro tuning can take place aurally Since the visual tuning arranges one partial from each note into a uniformly smooth curve the anomalies present in the macrotuning can be assumed to be the result of inconsistencies in inharmonicity These anomalies would show themselves as uneven beat rates across scaling breaks or uneven beat rates on maverick notes such as notes that exhibit negative inharmonicity After smoothing out these anomalies as much as possible the resulting tuning may be superior because the tuning will have taken into consideration all three aspects of inharmonicity that is general level change through the scale and inconsistency Chameleon 2 has the flexibility to calculate its tunings so
56. on newer pianos if you come across a piano with rusty strings use smaller settings Maximum allowed settings are 254 in the bass and 50g in the treble During a pitch raise whenever a note s calculated Overpull in cents exceeds the Bass or Treble Overpull Cap in cents the numbers in CE s Overpull box s turn 83 red This helps you know that RCT is doing its job to help prevent string breakage and consequently these notes may not be as close as usual during your subsequent Fine Tune pass If some notes are more out of tune then normal during Fine Tune you can switch to Pitch Raise for a while then back to Fine Tune mode RCT 3 5 ignores any zero reading when calculating Pitch Raise mode s traling average which enhances the accuracy of overpull calculations if you select Pitch Raise mode during a Fine Tuning or get a non reading of any note during pitch raising Pitch Raise Type Small calculates cents overpull based on the average differential of the selected note and the 5 previous notes except as noted above Small PR is most appropriate for pitch adjustments of less than approximately 60 although it can be used at any time Medium calculates cents overpull based on the average differential of the selected note and the 5 previous notes Medium PR is most appropriate for pitch adjustments of less than approximately 60 to 100 although it can be used at any time Large calculates a pitch raise without measuring It as
57. onto floppies send over the Internet etc an unlimited number of tunings e Change the pitch of a tuning with just a few mouse clicks The new pitch is constantly displayed as are all notes new cents reading e Convert any tuning to a pre loaded historical temperament 57 supplied or to any temperament you design unlimited number e Instantly create a graph of any tuning Average or compare multiple tunings and graph the result e Use Custom Equalizer to micro adjust the stretch of any octave of any OTS CyberEar the ear that hears C fg gt CyberEar CE measures and graphically displays a string s pitch CyberEar features Deviation displayed in cents or beats rate adjustable Target blushes when string is very close to correct pitch NoteSwitcher automatically moves up or down a half step when an adjacent note is played Manual noteswitching is also available Cents reading for any note can be changed and saved directly to a tuning record Aural Temp Temperament lets you create multiple tuning sequences for the first 25 notes Four Pitch Raise modes dynamic overpull percentages automatic original pitch recording overpull cents calculated for every note etc Measure and record an aural tuning in less than 12 minutes With one click of a mouse button the Listener quickly measures any note s cents deviation to an accuracy of a one hundredth of a cent With one click the pitch of an entire tun
58. oo ooo 24 Opening a Saved Tuning Record 00 25 Creating a New Tuning Record a 25 Record button ii RALIS Shoe pana dh VeRO ERREUR 25 Skip Al or Skip AS esee 27 AA prichan Ch iaa c SERI RN ILAAN Od NGA 28 Matiances oris wanna Ng Mind ni aa Ak baa Gg da ae uus d on Lil 29 What variance should I get 2 ooo ooo 29 Demo Dutton es ao ed ihe Bade dae POON Pana BA Oe GNG bE dudes 31 Octave Tuning Styles o o 32 Octave Tuning Style specifications llle 32 M re about OT Ses L2 he ene as had DADI ANG nA 32 Double Octave Maximum esee 32 RPT Exam Style aa iio eye eg a e eae 34 AG sampling udo Bawal aided odd hed Sheena bees 35 Tuning Partlals gt 22 oe eer VAL eR I ee BANE 35 Limits DMax and SOM 2 222 eese 37 Double Octave Maximum een 37 DMaxand SOM overview llle 37 How DMax and SOM work together o o o o oooooo oo oo o 38 Double Octave Maximum DMax specifications 38 Why SOM is needed i si e oaee e eee eee 38 Single Octave Minimum SOM specifications 39 CEQ Dynamic and Self Adjusting o o oooocooococooo oo 42 Slider Specs curia ree porte PG te tea he eve artis lee hep esr ded ares US 44 Using CEQ ee ava PAg aad ah dae pale mpi Kain 44 Aural Intervals graph 2 eee 46 Beats or Cents erica de der AE at Wad Macha kee 47 Flipping bass sliders 0 0
59. overpull averaging The number of notes included in overpull averaging starts at zero at note at AO and increases note by note until five notes have been tuned For example A0 0 overpull A 0 490 including the previous note BO 8 including the previous 2 notes C1 12 including the previous 3 notes C 1 1290 including the previous 4 notes The rest of the bass is overpulled 12 including the previous 5 notes average Lowest Plain Wire Note averaging Pianos have two bridges usually The bass and tenor bridges are not connected and are at different locations on the soundboard Therefore on many pianos in need of pitch raising the bass and tenor sections have drifted at different rates and react differently to the change in tension during a pitch raise If bass notes were included in the overpull average of low tenor notes it would decrease the accuracy of a pitch raise for the tenor notes Therefore starting at the lowest plain wire note LPWN no previous notes are included in the overpull calculation On the next five notes a trailing average is phased in similarly to the low bass as described above LPWN 32 overpull LPWN 1 31 overpull including the previous note LPWN 2 30 overpull including the previous 2 notes LPWN 3 30 overpull including the previous 3 notes LPWN 4 30 overpull including the previous 4 notes The rest of the notes include the previous 5 notes in their overpull calculations 82 Pitch Raise Dialog Box W
60. pitch raising it s OK to use a slower speed such as 6 or 8 to help prevent obsessing and to encourage yourself to move quickly Life is but a pitch raise I ll attain perfection next pass The Spinner s current sensitivity setting is graphically indicated on the CE screen by the thickness of the rim around the Spinner The thicker the rim the slower the speed and the less sensitive 65 fast spinner slow spinner Spinner speed rate and color are saved and restored for each individual tuning mode In other words you can set a different Spinner speed rate and color for Fine Tune Small Pitch Raise Medium Pitch Raise Large Pitch raise and Manual Pitch Raise When you select that mode again the Spinner will automatically re set to those settings Spinner arc size is the same in all tuning modes The current arc size is saved and restored the next time RCT opens Smoothing Smoothing helps keep the Spinner display steady by continuously updating a trailing average of three readings of the current note The first reading is the current time window a small fraction of a second The other readings are the two immediately preceding time windows each of which also have been smoothed Smoothing should be left on under almost all circumstances First selected note If RCT hasn t quit since the previous CE session the first selected note will be the last selected note of the previous CE session If you re opening CE the first select
61. points off difference and detuning Summary of RCT Exam procedures Master tunings can be measured with RCT or you can manually enter the pitch readings if the master tuning already has been measured and written down on an ETS Master Tuning Record form A Detuning is then calculated with one click of a mouse button Measure and record an Examinee tuning RCT then auto calculates the difference between master tuning and examinee tuning and points off You will transcribe the points off to the official ETS Exam Score Form where you will then apply the correct multipliers How RCT works For the RPT Exam you ll be using two out of four of RCT s modules File Management and CyberEar File Management File management is the module that displays files records charts and graphs for Examinee tunings Points off Master tunings Difference and Detunings Files and Records A tuning record is a set of pitches and partials for all notes of one piano A tuning file is a container for tuning records An RCT tuning file can hold as many as 240 tuning records Just like other common computer files RCT s tuning files can be named saved copied etc 115 For each RPT tuning exam you ll tell RCT to create a special exam tuning file that will contain six tuning records T Tuning Headers POINTS CPOTD PCN 1 7 000000 MASTER CSUP DIFFERENCE lt DFF gt 000000 DETUNING CUUU 000000 A4 PITCH 000000 unta Ee m n i
62. ready for recalculating If any sampled note s sustain is too short Ch2 will display a dialog box asking you to play the note again It might help to play the note repeatedly especially A1 A5 or A6 or more loudly especially A5 and A6 Ch2 averages any cents deviation between attack and sustain Accuracy can sometimes be increased variance numbers decreased for A5 A6 and sometimes A1 by playing the note repeatedly while sampling Try playing A5 twice and A6 three times for each sample If Chameleon 2 still has trouble recording a sample note the mic might be in a small interference zone Try moving the laptop or mic a few inches If you still have problems it s probably excessive background noise or a weak tone If you can t get better readings click Use Anyway if Ch2 gives you that choice For Al and AS it s better to click Skip Al or Skip AS in the warning box Ch2 will then interpolate the samples from the notes it s already recorded If you record samples at a pitch other than A440 please be cautious Ch2 s accuracy decreases albeit very gradually when the piano is more than 10 off pitch At 20g off pitch the inaccuracy is normally less than O 1g If you re tuning the piano to a non 440 pitch then by all means sample it at that pitch But if you re tuning it to A440 we recommend you do a pitch raise then re sample and re calculate a tuning record for Fine Tuning w Hint If a note is more than about 50 cent
63. stretch approximating OTS 7 or 8 On the other hand most home pianos sound best when tuned more moderately such as OTS 3 4 or 5 Another example Listen to a piano freshly tuned by another tuner He may have tuned the high treble sharper than you prefer or left the tenor 4ths surprisingly noisy but wow those 5ths Another aggressive tuner might push the low bass down to wide 12 6 octaves whereas you like the more relaxed sound of pure 6 3 octaves The point Some tuners pianos rooms and customers may prefer a tuning style that differs from a normal tuning As professionals we should be ready willing and able to create whatever tuning we think sounds best Using Chameleon 2 Easy and Advanced Let s say you re sitting at a piano and want to tune it with RCT Place the laptop on the piano where the screen can be easily seen On a grand it s on the plate struts on a vertical with its lid open the laptop is on top of the piano or on the fallboard Start up the computer and if necessary open RCT Chameleon 2 will be the active module w Hint To keep from scratching the piano and to help prevent the laptop from slipping off the piano and denting the customer s floor or worse use rubber cement or contact cement to attach two or three strips of Rubbermaid Grip Liner to the computer s underside available in the shelf paper section of most grocery and hardware stores w Hint Many laptop computers
64. the beat rates specified for the OTS you ve selected Then Ch2 uses the sampled partial ladders to calculate the beat rate for the A2 A4 4 1 double octave D If D exceeds the OTS s specification for the Double Octave Maximum DMax the DMax safety feature will shrink the beat rates of B and T until D no longer exceeds DMax At this point and only if SOM is not invoked more on SOM in a minute the tuning record is calculated You ll know when Dmax was invoked because the tuning chart s header will display predicted beat rates for B and T smaller than their OTS spec and D will be equal to the OTS s DMax spec The resulting tuning will have tenor single octaves that will be a little narrower than expected Double Octave Maximum DMax specifications DMax beat settings increase gradually from OTS 1 to 9 RPT Exam is deliberately set to a tighter tolerance than any OTS beats per second Why SOM is needed On very poorly scaled pianos such as spinets with extremely fore shortened tenor sections or poorly designed wire type changes there s much more discrepancy between the single and double octaves As in the previous example DMax wants to shrink the single octaves so they ll fit into a normal double octave However on some pianos the scaling is so bad that DMax in its attempt to keep the double octave from being too wide tries to shrink the single octaves til they re narrow from pure That s too much and DMax needs t
65. tuning record Save and re name it then open its chart Open CE To measure the pitch of the first note select it and click on the Tune Box Listener to auto measure it Play the note again to see the Spinner is stopped if not adjust the Tune Box manually by clicking on its up or down arrows until the Spinner is stopped Click on the Save Cents button Automatically the reading in the Tune Box will be saved to the proper cell in the open tuning chart CE will switch up to the next note and the Tune Box Listener will be enabled Play the next selected note and continue as above Using the Save Cents button an aural tuning can be measured and recorded in about 12 minutes CTEs using RCT for the RPT Tuning Exam will rejoice in the time savings When you re done measuring an aural tuning disable the Listener by clicking on the Listener button Until you do CE will not function normally because the Listener will be waiting to hear a note Also click on the NoteSwitcher button to re enable NoteSwitcher 74 Manual PR button Manual PR button is used after setting Tune mode to Manual Pitch Raise in the Pitch Raise dialog box Click on the Manual PR button to manually measure the cents deviation and calculate cents overpull percentage based on that one note as opposed to the average of 6 notes which is the method used the other three pitch raise modes Please see the section on Pitch Raising below for more details Prefs button 8
66. tuning the lower plainwire strings with the fourth partial will tune the 4 2 octaves just fine but will put the entire error caused by unexpectedly high inharmonicity on the 2 1 octave Third partial tuning tends to produce clean fifths and octaves at the expense of the major thirds which will slow down on the lowest plainwire strings still this may be the best compromise possible It is common for the highest wound string of the tenor to have significantly lower inharmonicity than the lowest plainwire string right beside it Tuning a string with unexpectedly low inharmonicity as happens when tuning the highest wound strings of some pianos is the other tenor tuning problem Tuning these notes from the third partial would cause the fourth partial to be unexpectedly flat making the major thirds formed above such notes to be too fast An extra tuning record can be prepared by Chameleon in less than five seconds Perhaps the beat rates of such pianos could best be smoothed out across the tenor break by preparing two tuning records and tuning up through the wound strings above A2 with a tuning calculated to use the fourth partial switching at the break to a tuning calculated to tune the plainwire tenor strings from the third partial This new dual record RCT procedure appears to have clear advantages especially on the lowest plainwire strings over the dual page SAT technique that I used regularly for years to tune through the tenor break RCT provides ma
67. using their loudest partial On short scale pianos also try to tune to the partial that allows a maximum of other partials to be in tune too which is usually low bass partial 6 if you re lucky it s also the loudest partial For a more complete explanation of this seminal principle read Rick Baldassin s classic book On Pitch Low bass A0 G 1 Tuning Partials 12th partial Ch2 gradually expands the octaves as it tunes down the piano until the last octave AO A1 is a perfect 12 6 octave The 12 3 double octave pointer is shown in CEQ but not considered 10th partial Same as above but A0 A1 will be a perfect 10 5 octave 8th partial Ch2 gradually expands the octaves as it tunes down from Al reaching a slightly expanded 8 4 octave at AO A1 Ch2 and CEQ consider both the 8 4 single octave and the 8 2 double octave The 8 4 single is given twice the weight of the 8 2 double octave each of which try to be expanded about the same as the octave and double octave above them 7th partial Ch2 gradually expands the octaves until AO A1 is a slightly expanded 7 3 5 octave Even though there s no real 3 5 partial at Al Ch2 interpolates it from the 3rd and 4th partials of Al This produces a stretch halfway between the 8th and the 6th partials The 7th partial is very loud in the low bass on most pianos and therefore works very well This is a very popular setting second only to partial 6 6th partial Ch2 gradually expands octaves down the pi
68. when you click the Calculate button a number is displayed in Ch2 in the Tuning Record tuning record number window After creating a record and going to CE the number of the active tuning record is displayed in the CE header box Ch2 automatically places a 1 in the Tuning Record box when you create a new tuning file When you open an existing tuning file that already contains some records RCT automatically increments the Tuning Record so any new tuning record becomes the last record in the file To assign a different number to a new tuning record manually enter the desired number in the Tuning Record box before clicking the Calculate button If the number is higher than the number of saved records currently in the file blank tuning records will automatically be created to fill the gap If the number is lower a dialog box will appear asking if you really want to overwrite an existing tuning record if you click OK the existing tuning record will be erased and the new tuning record will take its place Tuning record numbers can be changed at any time by moving a record to a new location in its file To do this click on the record you want to move with the Tuning Hammer pointer select Cut under the Edit menu click the insertion point where you want the tuning record to be located then select Paste Tuning record numbers are automatically assigned consecutively See chapter 3 Editing Files and Records f
69. 0 5 octaves RO A1 R2 R3 Ad AS AB A 5 5 Aural Intervals YAMAHA C3E 6 GRAND DEMO gt C lt B 0 208 T 0 328 D 0 63B CH2 48 You can view the Aural Interval graph as beats too AG Al R2 A3 Ad AS AB A7 45 2 1 A B0 Genta Po 12 6 6 3 3 2 3 1 gt Aural Intervals YAMAHA C3E 6 GRAND DEMO gt C lt B 0 20B T 0 32B D 0 63B CH2 Click on different OTS buttons and watch the Aural Intervals graph change Notice that this graph shows information even for non tweaked OTSes unlike the OTS Difference graph Drag some sliders and watch the Aural Intervals change For notes above A4 graph points are set at the interval s upper note for notes below A4 graph points are set at the lower note Aural Intervals displays data taken directly from the tuning chart You can look at the tuning chart cells and do the subtraction in your head to figure the cents width of any available interval or you can let Aural Intervals do the hard work for you For example on a tuning chart for the Yamaha Demo piano using standard OTS 4 no tweaks D4 reads 3 7g at partial 3 and A4 reads 1 9g at partial 2 meaning the D4 A4 3 2 Sth is 1 8 narrow 3 7 minus 1 9 equals 1 8 If you look at the Aural Intervals graph in cents the 3 2 graphline reads about 1 8 at A4 The Aural Intervals graph can be very useful in customizing a tuning because you can see the actual width of important intervals and how the
70. 00 ee eee 48 OTS Limits User Limits 0 0 0 0 000000002 ee eee 48 B ck to CEQ 4s doce se tans BG See hed ede eee ND doe eU 49 CEQ s User Settings guru a Ka LA EM Na tr ese 50 Edit User Settings 2 2 0 ooo 51 How should Tuse CEQ 220 ooo 52 Calculate button haa man a di YONG 53 Organizing Files and Records nnne 53 Tuning Record F o2 rang AA Glan 54 RA et Jel des 54 Using headers to organize records aa 55 Organizing Tuning Files ooo 56 AtoZ Ebrary 9x A A PT 56 Pile Formats uec a a ip Eee y 58 Moving to CyberEar it e irm E men 58 chapter 3 Cyber KAT o eese NS EE SI 59 What does CyberEar do 0 0 cee ee ee eee 59 How do I choose a tuning record for CE to use 59 Measuring deviation from pure 0 00 equal temperament 59 Identifying Notes Lek va Naan Be ia Y ie he itta 60 Displaying Pitch Deviation 0 0000 60 Th Spinner cu Sah eed Pats Mate IAN gaa SUE arcana KA 60 Target blushifig ub e Aa emg Ye Dto xe Sache oats 61 Spinner Button ria alardes poteet ENG NAG REO gn 62 Spinner dialog DOX gasa gai Nah NG UE ERES 63 Spinner speed euer eee Aid dp etin doen neces 63 Smoothing tes aco e Bio rs eire ale a Se lend 64 NoteSwitcher and Navigating 0 64 NoteSwitcher preferences 0 0 0 0 eee 65 Space bar note switching llle 66 Punins Modes 9 ia o Bits ere ent ER 66 A RePE
71. 1 bass A1 G 2 tenor A2 G 4 and treble A4 to G 5 C Tuning Partials m a E CN le Click on a popup menu and drag to highlight the desired partial then release the mouse When you click on a popup menu the affected notes are darkened on Ch2 s graphic keyboard You can choose tuning partials before during or after sampling Partials 12 10 8 7 or 6 can be chosen for low bass notes A0 to G 1 In RCT 3 5 partial 16 can be used for the low bass but must be entered manually in the a 36 tuning chart Partials 6 5 or 4 can be chosen for bass notes Al to G 2 Partials 4 or 3 can be chosen for tenor notes A2 to G 4 Partials 2 or 1 can be chosen for A4 to G 5 For A5 and above only partial 1 is available RCT will remember the current settings and re use them on subsequent tuning records even if you quit RCT RCT s default settings are low bass partial 6 bass partial 6 tenor partial 3 treble partial 2 and high treble partial 1 These choices work great for almost all pianos In fact these are the Easy mode settings The low bass Tuning Partial is the only choice that materially affects the amount of stretch Depending on the piano s scale a different bass partial 5 or 6 and the tenor partial 3 or 4 might affect the smoothness of the beat rates between the A s but the overall stretch is or should be the same Most RCT users change the low bass partial only w Hint Generally notes should be tuned
72. 747 4266 Visit the RCT Web Site at www reyburn com Acknowledgments Many thanks to the beta testers without whom this product would not have achieved its magic Macintosh beta team Dave Lamoreaux RPT Carl Lieberman RPT Al Saginario PTG Associate Bill Springer RPT Kent Swafford RPT Michael Travis RPT Doug Wood RPT Sf Windows beta team Bob Bussell RPT Allan Gilreath RPT Roger Jolly PTG Associate Richard Joyce Randy Mangus RPT Don Mannino RPT Garret Traylor PTG Associate En Cross platform beta team Odd Aanstad RPT Mitch Kiel RPT Don Rose RPT Andy Rudoff PTG Associate For technical input and support thanks also to Mark Anderson RPT Jim Coleman Sr RPT Jack Draper Steve Fairchild RPT Apple Developer Support and Altura Software Inc Special thanks to Andy Rudoff for technical assistance with the Windows version programming Thanks to Mitch for writing most of this manual and the online help I only edited for technical accuracy the geeky stuff Both RCT and the documentation are a true labor of love My biggest thanks go to my wonderful wife Marty for putting up with me and this project for the last few years If you see Marty at a PTG gathering or talk to her on the phone please thank her for giving me up during the many hours it took to create RCT Dean Reyburn Thanks to Mark Woytowich for lending me his PowerBook when I needed it Bill Spurlock Larry Fine Del Fandrich and Susan Graham
73. AMAHA CSE 6 GRAND DEMO gt C lt B 0 12B T 0 32B D 0 58B CH2 5 42 The other graph is called Aural Intervals because it shows the width of octaves double octaves fifths twelfths etc The Aural Intervals graph displays interval widths whether or not you ve moved any sliders RO A1 A2 A3 R4 R5 AG Az 15 2 1 L c0 Na 12 6 3 3 2 3 1 Aural intervals YAMAHA C3E 6 GRAND DEMO gt C lt B 0 28B T 0 32B D 0 69B CH2 You can toggle between the two graphs OTS Difference and Aural Intervals by clicking on the labeled button located at the bottom left of the graph Both graphs can be toggled between cents and beats by clicking on the Beats Cents button located at the right of the graph If beats are selected in the OTS Difference graph each partial has a separate graphline labeled at its right terminus A1 A2 A3 R4 AS AG A7 5 Ecce tie D E 12 Bo mm 5 OTS Difference YAMAHA C3E amp GRAND DEMO gt C lt B 0 68B T 0 32B D 0 95B CH2 AD At n2 As Ad AS AB A7 5 2 1 A BO EZ 12 6 6 3 3 2 3 1 5 YAMAHA C3E amp GRAND DEMO gt C lt B 0 28B T 0 32B D 0 69B CH2 In CEQ beats and cents are calculated at the relevant partials which may or may not the same partial at which the graphline is drawn When switching between beats and cents remember that the proportion of beats to cents increases as notes asc
74. C5 AS C6 R6 cC After a chart is open selecting Graph in the windows menu or clicking on the Graph button takes you to a graph for that record Any change in the chart is instantly reflected on the graph A chart and a graph can both be open at the same time 90 The graph displays the same information in the chart Because different partials are used depending on a note s location eg partial 6 for A0 to G 2 partial 4 for A2 to G 4 etc the graph displays a separate line for each partial and identifies the partial at the right of each graph line Any change made in the chart is automatically reflected in the graph If a chart and a graph are open at the same time any change made in a chart will be displayed on the chart after advancing to the next note or pressing Enter The graph is not directly editable To view the graph or chart of the previous or next tuning record hold the Command key Mac or Control key Win and press the left or right arrow keys Interval Preview Graph and Partial Preview Graph In RCT 3 5 two new graphs are available The Interval Preview Graph and the Partial Preview graph display data about the most recently sampled piano or the current Demo piano without first needing to click the Calculate button Under the Windows menu the Interval Preview Graph and the Partial Preview Graph let you virtually pre listen to the tuning These graphs are live which means they are automati
75. CT is limited to 240 tunings in a file A SAT with MIDI cannot have more than 208 tuning pages 4 ONLY HALF OF ONE OR MORE BYTES WERE RECEIVED The SAT always sends whole bytes If there is a half byte then a MIDI transmission error occurred 5 TOO MANY BYTES IN FOOTER The last byte of the SAT SYS EX message should be one byte long a MIDI transmission error probably occurred 6 Not used for TM Computer or RCT Computer 7 INCORRECT START OF SAT SYS EX MESSAGE There may be leftover tunings from the last unsuccessful receive Try it again or exit RCT and try again 8 INCORRECT SAT ID BYTE The SAT sends an identification that a SAT is transmitting not some other device The ID was wrong and no data was accepted This is often caused by pressing MIDI OUT on the SAT before clicking Receive or Verify on the computer 9 MIDI INTERFACE NOT RESPONDING Usually this means that there is no MIDI interface installed on the computer or the MIDI Setup is not correct Press the Setup button in the MIDI Control window and make sure all the settings are correct On Windows is the driver installed Check the port Mac or MIDI input and output devices Win in 109 MIDI Setup Make sure the MIDI Interface is properly installed according to the instructions that came with it 10 ONLY ONE BYTE IN SAT SYS EX MESSAGE The start of the SAT data must have two bytes the data was ignored since it is probably not valid 11 NO MIDI INTERFACE
76. CT users strip mute the entire piano and start at AO tuning one string per note then listen to the tuning and make changes as necessary and finally tune unisons from C8 down to 136 A0 Why unisons from the top down Because treble unisons are the most difficult and it s better to do them first when your ears are fresh Other tuners use a rubber wedge split mute or two single mutes and start at AO and tune up to the top tuning unisons as they go the same procedure as pitch raising A few tuners use RCT s Aural Temperament mode to tune their favorite aural temperament e g the Baldassin Sanderson Two Octave Temperament then tune up to the treble then down through the bass single strings with felt muting strip for all notes then unisons 137 Appendix E Microphones Most computer have a high quality built in microphone that work very well with RCT Although not necessary if an internal mic is present external microphones are sometimes preferred especially if RCT runs on a desktop computer The external mic s long cable will let you put the mic nearer the soundboard and perhaps get a clearer signal But not necessarily RCT is accurate even with the mic twenty feet away Check your computer s User Manual for recommended microphones Some laptop computers require a third party line level microphone with pre amplification Choose one with a smooth frequency response from at least 50 Hz to 5 KHz Radio Shack s Tie Clip
77. Easy mode users don t need to read the following lengthy descriptions of Advanced mode features and can skip ahead to the description of the Calculate button Advanced Mode Users If you want to learn more about Ch2 s Advanced mode put your feet up and your thinking cap on It would help if your computer and a piano were nearby 32 To start off let s remind ourselves that piano tuning is an art of compromises Every aural tuner knows this is true and so does RCT Before calculating a tuning record Ch2 examines the samples and your tuning choices very carefully then makes some carefully controlled compromises behind the curtain Using a customized curve fitting equation Ch2 creates smooth transitions between the various partial ladders tuning partials beat rates etc This means the settings you choose in Ch2 should be regarded as strong tendencies not absolutes Octave Tuning Styles Octave Tuning Style MO AM m 000 eaa 000 o exam clean standard stretched ae EQ Octave Tuning Styles OTS let you choose an amount of overall stretch There are 10 Octave Tuning Styles ranging from OTS 1 which is almost pure to OTS 9 which is very wide Another OTS is RPT Exam which approximates a typical PTG RPT Exam master tuning An Octave Tuning Style may be selected before during or after sampling The amount of overall stretch in each OTS is controlled by five parameters beat speed for a 6 3 octav
78. I cable connect the SAT s MIDI IN port to the interface s MIDI OUT port DO NOT FORCE THE CONNECTORS TOGETHER If they don t go in easily check the line up notch screw etc and try again 4 Start up your computer and double click on the Reyburn CyberTuner icon Start up the SAT by pressing the SAT ON button and press TUNE on the SAT 5 There must be a tuning file open with which to compare the data from the SAT Note that an SAT s contents can be verified against a file by first opening it with the FILE menu One SAT s memory can be compared to another s by receiving and verifying the first putting that SAT s contents in the open file then verifying the second SAT 6 Both SAT and computer should be on now with RCT running 106 7 Click the VERIFY button in RCT s MIDI Control window You now have a 10 second window of time in which to hold the SAT SHIFT button and press MIDI OUT on the SAT A MIDI verify dialog box will appear when finished informing you of the results SENDING TUNINGS TO THE SAT CAUTION Sending tunings to the SAT will OVERWRITE the tunings in the SAT MAKE SURE you do not send tunings to the SAT unless you are ABSOLUTELY SURE of what you are doing and have a backup copy of what is in the SAT Reyburn Piano Service will absolutely not be responsible for lost data under any circumstances see SOFTWARE LICENSE AGREEMENT Sending Tunings To The SAT 1 Make s
79. LLA ie 5 975 jJ fre Ulp s Qs 1 04 10 10 5 Qs 5 NG Bet 2 4 edilk o 4 f 0 moy 04 S S HA NG te E 4 E 10 oy 10 2 19 10 9 2 8 ac eB e Bi 20 20 20 ots 8 95 0 50 9 9 Beats R4 AS R6 A w Hint If your laptop computer has a trackpad use the finger roll technique to change a slider setting a few hundredths of a beat Touch a finger to the trackpad and roll your fingertip forward and back Let s increase the stretch for the high treble To do so we ll raise A7 s pointer from its present stock OTS 4 setting of 0 00 beats at its zeroed interval a 4 1 double octave Click on the A7 pointer and drag it upwards until the indicator box reads 42 0 This means the A7 4 1 double octave will now have 2 0 beats High treble notes will now be a little bit wider than a pure double octave in other words slightly closer to an 8 1 triple octave When you release the mouse a tuning with the new settings is calculated in the wink of a computer s eye The change we just made to OTS 4 will be displayed on the OTS Difference graph We increased the stretch at A7 which means the notes around A7 are now higher in pitch The graph s curve rises from A6 to A7 showing that the increased stretch is smoothly distributed 430 30 20 9 2o 10 10 Ed s 4 0 4 1 D4 OSA pU 2 1 20 20 0 60 42 0 Beats AG Az 46 The OTS 4 beat rate for the AS slider is 0 75 beats at the
80. Microphones part numbers 33 1052 and 33 3003 are usually acceptable For extremely high noise situations Inventronics Inc offers a magnetic pickup invented by Steve Fairchild RPT called the Fairchild Accu Pickup which should work with most computers except those requiring an Apple PlainTalk mic Inventronics phone number is 1 800 FAST 440 Another option for high noise situations is a contact mic attached to the soundboard such as those designed for violins violas etc Fishman and Barcus Berry manufacture quality contact mics and may need pre amplification Ask at your local pro music store for other options XA Windows Enclosed with RCT is a blue sheet explaining how to set the mic level using the Windows Control Panel You may need to do this if Ch2 or CE are acting deaf or confused Here it is again 1 Double click on the small speaker icon near the lower right corner of your screen 2 Choose Options then Properties in the Volume Control menu 3 Click Recording radio button in the section tittled Adjust Volume for Click OK 4 Adjust the volume slider for the appropriate mic you re using Internal or External Line In Usually a setting of halfway to three quarters works well but you may need to experiment with your individual machine to find its best setting 138 Appendix F Files created and used by RCT 1 The RCT program Double click on this to start RCT on any platform T 5e A a Reyb
81. SentinelKey please feel free to contact us Our goal is to make SentinelKey as invisible as possible while still protecting RCT If you have two computers you can use RCT on both but not at the same time The SentinelKey SoftKey system enforces use of only one copy of RCT at a time as stated in the License Agreement in Appendix C Leave SentinelKey in your office in a secure but convenient place some place where you won t forget where you put it We strongly suggest you don t carry SentinelKey with your computer To keep SentinelKey safe and clean store it in its silver zip lock anti static bag and original box 5 Year Guarantee on SentinelKey Reyburn Piano Service guarantees the SentinelKey included with RCT for a period of five 5 years from date of purchase If the SentinelKey ever fails for any reason other than misuse abuse or failure to follow the cautions in this manual RPS will at our option replace or repair the SentinelKey After the 5 year period RPS will repair or replace the SentinelKey for a nominal cost 133 Appendix C Important please read carefully before using Reyburn CyberTuner Software license agreement notification of copyright This software program package software is a proprietary product of Reyburn Piano Service Inc RPS and is protected by copyright laws and international treaty You must treat the software like any other copyrighted material except that you may either make copies o
82. WAY 98 Ri 000000 000000 000000 000000 000000 000000 000000 000000 000000 000000 000000 000000 000000 000000 000000 000000 000000 000000 000000 s STEINWAY B 529867 STEINWAY K 182950 STEINWAY L 3 531063 STEINWAY L2 515430 STEINWAY M 12 530946 SASA AASA 4445455 w w w a 1 O UH HU HU NW H H MH Sl o E 818 1 5 5 000000 201 Tunings in file 17 Tuning Chart displays cents readings and partials for a tuning record Tuning Chart ec AS gt C lt B 0 20B T 0 32B D 0 57B CH2 aaa je asa ads mg oi 1 s42 ce DO AD IC IE IEA IEC 1 47 o 12 ose oe s o13 s3fe 4o 45 1 2 E 3 B i EJ Jf1r2 01 6 0 3 3 04 3 4 2 2 4 9 1 6 2 E fe 046 oejs 063 4 7 2 5 4 1 15 8 re 12 oeje o13 oeja 2 2 seo s 3 11 33 46 3 2 47 3 1 90 i2 2 0 6 2 0 3 os 3 1 5 2 419 1 eo 1 19 9 pia 1 7 6 1 5 3 0 6 3 41 8 2 23 1 433 1 111 0 A Tuning Chart window has a window displaying A4 s pitch two buttons for changing pitch two information windows two navigation buttons a graph button a Print button and a CyberEar button X Hz A 3 cents a c amp amp 440 0 0 Chameleon ES Prev Next Print Clicking the Sharp and Flat buttons changes the pitch of A4 in increments of one tenth 0 1 of a beat per second hertz The cents readings in every note s cell will automatically change the same amount To change the pitch of each note by 1 cent approximately 25 b
83. Windows Control right arrow next Control left arrow previous Ending your RCT session Macintosh Command Q Quits RCT HH Windows Alt F4 Exits RCT Alt F X Exits RCT 142 Default buttons Press the Return Key or the Enter key to activate a default button indicated by extra border around button Calculate button in Ch2 CyberEar Icon in tuning chart Depending on conditions either OK or Start New in Pitch Raise mode Done button in CyberEar XA Windows Done button in CyberEar is the default button and activates with the Enter key Macintosh Done button in CyberEar is the default button and activates with the Return key only not Enter Index AtoZ Library 56 Al Wound 111 A4 pitch in Ch2 28 PME EI 35 AGC ines b edite S 100 AppleTalk 106 Artificial stretch 33 Aural Intervals graph 46 Aural Temp 67 Aural Temp 67 Aural Temp t 12 AVerage a boon LING 21 Basic Concepts 11 Bass overpull cap 81 Bass Partial 111 Calculate button 53 Calibrate 4e IERI 73 Calibrate button 73 Calibration procedure 74 Cents to Harmonic 100 Chameleon2 11 Change Pitchbox 94 Choosing Partials 31 Clear Data eR 110 Copy protect 1 8 Core Diameter 109
84. ally be placed into this open tuning file as the last tuning record w Hint To help with the previous Hint create an alias Mac or shortcut Win of your primary tuning file e g Customer Library and place it in the Startup items folder If so delete the RCT alias shortcut in the Startup items folder The Customer Library will now automatically open when your computer starts up If you like this hint but don t want RCT to automatically open every time the computer starts up don t put an alias shortcut in the Startup folder Instead open RCT by double clicking on a Customer Library alias shortcut on your desktop or anywhere else you can place them anywhere you want On Mac the Startup alias is in Macintosh HD System Folder Startup Items You can also put your Customer Library into the Apple menu by placing a Customer Library alias in the Apple Menu Items folder select the Customer Library icon or its alias then select Add Alias to Apple Menu under Automated Tasks under the Apple menu HA The Win Startup shortcut is in CAWINDOWSNStart Menu Programs StartUp You can also put your Customer Library into the Start menu by placing a Customer Library shortcut in C WINDOWS Start Menu Programs Reyburn CyberTuner 3 51 Then your Customer file will appear near RCT itself 55 B 1 d A tuning file can contain from 1 to 240 records and so Ch2 needs to number each record To let you know what tuning record is about to be created
85. ally saved when you click OK To rename a sequence select that sequence then click the Edit Name button Any note from AO to C8 can be entered and any note can be repeated any number of times When you re tuning in CE the Aural Temp sequence will revert to Fine Tune mode when it encounters a zero or a blank cell Notes can be entered as numbers 1 2 3 86 87 88 or as note and octave number AO A 0 BO A 7 B7 C8 Notes entered in number format will automatically be converted to note name and octave format when the window is closed In Aural Temp mode NoteSwitcher is disabled To advance to the next note in your sequence click on the note up button or press the computer s up arrow key To go back to a previous note in the sequence click on CE s note down button or press the computer s down arrow key When tuning in Aural Temp mode a black dot is displayed on a note after it s been sequenced Dots are erased when you reverse the sequence using note down button or down arrow key A AA Create sequences for purposes other than tuning a midrange temperament For example create a sequence to aurally verify a few mid bass double octaves parallel 10ths and 17ths across the breaks and high treble 12ths and 19ths C CyberEar buttons and boxes Pitch popup menu C 5440 F The current pitch of A4 is displayed and re set in the Pitch popup menu located over the Spinner target TO To cha
86. anced services Each time I tune your piano it will be tuned in exactly the same way However many advanced RCT users don t save every tuning record It takes so little time to sample and calculate a tuning record that they create a new tuning record every time they visit a customer s piano This saves the time of finding the saved record and insures that any seasonal changes in a piano s inharmonicity are compensated for and allows the tuner to make any changes in OTS tuning partials or CEQ settings Here s an example of a header GATES BILL STEINWAY B 543210 57x B 0 50B T 0 50B D 1 00B CH2 This means the customer is Bill Gates the piano is a Steinway the model is a B the serial number is 543210 OTS 7 was used when calculating the tuning the predicted beat rate of the Bass control octave A2 A3 is a 0 50 beats per second the predicted beat rate of the Treble control octave A3 A4 is a 0 50 beats per second the predicted beat rate of Double octave A2 A4 is 1 00 beats per second and Chameleon 2 calculated the tuning data Ra Hint Put the piano s serial number in every header You ll be glad you did if you save many records for one piano model or have any customers with the same name It will also help you if you ever want to know the date of manufacture and scale design of your sampled piano 57 w Hint If you re really pressed for header space the piano s serial number can be stored in the two Ser c
87. and you should see a full or nearly full blush which lets you know that CyberEar is measuring the CyberFork s tone at the correct pitch 8 Turn CyberFork s switch to off Unplug cable If necessary reset your computer s Sound Control Panel 77 Done button Clicking the Done button closes CyberEar It does not quit RCT The keyboard shortcut for closing CE is Command W Mac or Control W Win The Done button is a CyberEar default button as indicated by the extra border therefore pressing the Return key Mac and Win or Enter key Win is the same as clicking the Done button Mac The Mac s Enter key does not activate the Done button This is deliberate many Mac users requested this feature because they were accidentally hitting the Mac s Enter key when using the computer s arrow keys for noteswitching Pitch Raising with RCT Pitch Raise Pitch Raise mode is used when the piano or a few notes is substantially off pitch either flat or sharp In other words Pitch Raise mode works equally well for pitch lowering too There are four Pitch Raise modes Small Medium Large and Manual These pitch raise modes are selected from within the Pitch Raise dialog box discussed below In Small PR mode oval scale 50 and Medium PR mode oval scale 100g CE automagically noteswitches up to the next note measures its pitch averages its pitch with the pitch of the previous five notes except as described below
88. anded 200 view radio button Interpreting the Partial Preview Graph Experience is the best teacher for learning how to use the Partial Preview Graph PPG A great way to start is to look at Tuning Graphs post calculation of saved tunings For instance if you have a large Tuning Library open the first tuning record go under the Windows menu and select Tuning Chart then page through the library by depressing the Command Mac or Control Windows key and pressing the left or right arrow keys on your computer keyboard You ll notice that well scaled pianos have curves that are relatively parallel In other words the curve for notes using the 6th partial will have a similar slope to the curve for notes using the 3rd partial etc You ll also see that well scaled pianos curves have nearby endpoints indicating consistent inharmonicity are valley shaped indicating normal gradations of inharmonicity and have smooth curves in the low bass and high treble assuming a moderate OTS such as OTS 4 To illustrate this point using the same OTS and the Demo button create some Partial Preview Graphs or Tuning Graphs for a Kimball spinet and a Steinway D You can switch between graphs by pressing the Command Mac or Control Win key and pressing the left right arrow keys It s also edifying to compare OTS 1 to OTS 9 graphs 20 The Partial Preview Graph therefore can be used to help you analyze the scale of the piano and let you know if t
89. ano until A0 A1 is a slightly expanded 6 3 octave matching the expansion of the A1 A2 6 3 if possible The 16th partial is available for tuning but must be manually entered in a tuning chart w Hint Low bass partials 12 and 10 usually work best for long scale pianos such as 7 9 grands Bass Tuning Partials The 6th partial works best in the bass A1 G 2 in most cases If you find that the Spinner is hard to read in this area or if the tuning sounds too flat try partial 5 For spinets or very small grands try using partial 4 37 Tenor Tuning Partials Choosing tenor partial 3 causes notes A2 to G 4 to be tuned primarily as intervals that include partial 3 such as 3 2 Sths 4 3 4ths and 6 3 octaves Choosing tenor partial 4 causes notes A2 to G 4 to be tuned primarily as intervals which coincide at the 4th partial such as 5 4 major 3rds 4 3 4ths and 4 2 octaves Treble Tuning Partials Treble partial 2 works best on most pianos If the Spinner is weak in the area recalculate a tuning using partial 1 u Hint Tenor partial 3 is an especially good choice when tuning pianos with short scales or uneven inharmonicity at the bass treble break For a more complete explanation please read Kent Swafford s article in Appendix A excerpted from his review of RCT in the January 1997 issue of the Piano Technicians Journal Hint Tenor partial 3 is a good choice for all pianos because it works perfectly for tuning 5ths 3 2 co
90. arch is non case sensitive upper and lower case differences are ignored 97 chapter 5 TooLs MENU If you want to undo changes made by any item on the Tools menu use the File Revert function assuming you saved the file or the MIDI Receive function if you Just received the tuning file via MIDI It may be advisable to save the file just prior to using any of these tools in case you change your mind The Edit menu s undo only applies to items on the Edit menu Sort The Sort tool puts all tuning records in the open tuning file into alphabetical order by header RCT uses all 70 bytes of the header for sorting Records with blank headers will be sorted to the front This can be useful for housekeeping If you create a record that you don t plan to keep e g to try out a new OTS leave its header blank After sorting you can drag the tuning hammer pointer over all the blank records to select them all at once then under the Edit menu select Clear The selected records will poof vanish Math Tools The math tools Average Difference and Sum will perform calculations on the cents values of two Difference and Sum or more Average tuning records then place the results into a third tuning record All the records must have the same partials on all notes Use the tuning hammer in File view to select two records as you would for a copy or cut operation then select the Math tool RCT will automatically create a new empty tuning record an
91. art for partials 1 through 16 If you take another reading PAZ will display the preceding volume bars as grey bars above the current note s colored bars For your viewing pleasure the volume bars are displayed in color families the fundamental in blue partials 2 4 8 and 16 in red octaves partials 3 6 and 12 in green octaves 5th partials 5 and 10 in yellow octaves 3rd and the 7th partial minor 21st 9th 23rd 11th 25th 13th 27th 14th minor 28th and 15th major 28th in black For notes below A1 the 2nd partial is used instead of the fundamental Partial ladders can be viewed either as cents offsets from equal temperament pitches or as cents offsets from perfect harmonics Click on the appropriate radio button to select Fach partial ladder can have its fundamental equalized to zero by clicking on the button Fund Og to EQ Temp shows the offset cents to the equal temperament note closest to the theoretical harmonic pitch of the partial For example the 7th partial is 31 1741 cents flat of the note it is closest to two octaves and a seventh above fundamental plus the effects of inharmonicity and para harmonicity Only octave partials are right on the money to Harmonic displays a more even progression of inharmonic cents readings since it shows the cents off relative to the theoretical frequency of the harmonic This mode of viewing discounts the offsets from equal temperament After you
92. ater remove all headerless tuning records those with no letter in the piano icon by using the tuning hammer pointer to highlight them and select Clear under the Edit menu Another hint If you first alphabetize all records in a tuning file with the Sort command under the Tools menu all your headerless tuning records will be grouped together as the lowest numbered records 88 chapter 4 EDITING FILES AND RECORDS To avoid duplication some information that might normally be expected to appear in this chapter is instead included in chapter 2 Chameleon 2 including tips on organizing files and records We suggest you read both chapters A tuning file can be displayed in two views Icon view or Header view A tuning record can be displayed in two views a Chart or a Graph window Chart view A tuning chart looks like a spreadsheet a Tuning Chart HA Tee Se a x 440 0 eb Chameleon Next Te MAA STEINWAY D 9 GRAND DEMO C gt 98 RPS gt 4 lt B 0 28B T 0 32B D 0 63B CH2 Oct 870 z z raja Tea zaja o a els ai maiz p IE IA E E O E E ol IAE IT IEEE EIC nd H E 8 6 X 3 TEE 5 2 2 46 1 47 5 1 223 E oe sas 03 troje 5 6 SETAS 3 112 5 7 LIE 2 38 EE o 7 3 IK 2 li s a 1 10 9 1 3433 1 1 12 0 1 437 3 To identify the note for each cell look at the left of each row to see the note name and look at the top of each co
93. be auto measured at partial 2 7 Verify 8 On a scrap of paper write down the reading in the Tune Box not Offset Box 9 Pull down the Windows menu select Tuning File and click on the Master Tuning record to open it 10 Adjust the pitch of the Master Tuning chart by holding down the Command key Mac or Control key Win and clicking the pitch window s up down buttons located at upper left until the A4 cell which has a bold border has the same reading as the Tune Box reading you wrote on the scrap of paper Please note 1 In the Master Tuning chart if you don t press the Command key Mac or Control key Win the pitch window s up down arrows buttons will adjust the pitch by 0 1 beats which is 0 4g 2 The pitch window in the tuning chart displays beats and therefore may not change if you adjust the Master Tuning chart by 0 1g That s OK The numbers in the tuning chart will still adjust as normal Entering a Master Tuning manually If a master tuning has previously been measured and recorded onto a Master Tuning Record form you can manually enter those numbers into RCT s Master tuning chart 3 SUP The correct partials will already be selected for every cell All you need to do is click on the cents reading in any cell then type in the correct number from the Master Tuning Record form To select the next cell s cents reading press the Return key Mac or Enter key Win followed by the Tab key and the cents reading
94. berEar graphic keyboard with a colored dot on it and the partial number under it In RCT the partial can be viewed as a partial note name A2 F4 etc or as a partial number 1 2 4 6 etc and can be toggled in the View menu 2 The Cents is the same number that appears in CyberEar s Tune box It is the deviation from theoretical pitch There are 100 in a theoretically perfect semitone and 1200g 12 semitones in a theoretical octave Of course real life pianos never tune theoretically The note name or field name that the I beam cursor is hovering over is always in the small box in the upper left portion of the tuning chart window The note name can also be determined by the row and column headings The column headings are the octave numbers The first column includes octave 0 and octave 8 since octave 0 only has 3 notes A0 A 0 and BO and octave 8 has just one note C8 The highlighted note in the middle of the window is pitch standard A4 which is usually tuned to 440 Hertz The note name is the note being tuned This corresponds to the note which appears in the center box in CyberEar AII the data can be edited in normal Mac Win fashion The following standard editing keys are implemented to move between fields TAB key Forwards editing to the next field to the right or if at the end to the next line down RETURN key Mac or ENTER key Win If editing the partial field this key moves you forward so you can e
95. burn Piano Service Inc 2695 Indian Lakes Road NE Cedar Springs MI 49319 135 Appendix D RCT Tuning Tips and Techniques Tuning Bosendorfer Imperials Bosendorfer Imperial grands have more than 88 keys with extra bass notes below AO RCT doesn t reserve chart cells for notes below A0 nevertheless it s easy to tune those sub bass notes with the following procedure 1 Create a Ch2 tuning using the 12th partial in the low bass Tune the 88 normal notes 2 Paste in a new blank tuning Edit menu 5 Paste Blank In its tuning chart manually set the Tuning Partials of AO to G 1 to the 6th partial 3 With this 2nd tuning chart still open open CE Using the Tune Box Listener and the Save Cents button measure and record the pitches of notes A0 to G 1 You ve already tuned AO G 1 to their 12th partial Now you re measuring each note s 6th partial 4 Still in CE select the note one octave higher than its sub bass note then tune the sub bass note until the Spinner stops In effect you ll be tuning the 12th partial of a sub bass note to the 6th partial of the note one octave higher This will result in pure 12 6 octaves If you want wide 12 6 octaves or 14 7 or even 16 8 octaves adjust settings accordingly If you re smart enough to want this you should be smart enough to know how to do this without needing further explanation Some thoughts on tuning and muting procedures 1 Rubber wedges Some RCT users use two rubb
96. c eS 66 Pitch RAISE du oa curseur perdue AE TE e 67 Aural Temp 2 ou eek d eiu Rie PR EE 67 CyberEar buttons and boxes a 68 Pitch popup MENU 68 Tune DOX uolet Les eL a a uiri pos sa 70 Tune box key equivalents ee 70 Offset BOX use ie ges ice Banal SATIS NI EP RR Ide 70 Ovetp ll BOX vie tia ent NA a MEE Bee tee ace ates 71 Tune box Listener i eL eR REVERSE RERUM 71 Offset box Listener lt iseer nka na e era hee T2 Save Cents button cse timeri ee eee 72 Manual PR button ww eee 73 Prefs button 5 25 aaa Nana Bode ipee ahh oe ew 939 AS ER 73 Start CyberEar defaults llle 73 Calibrate Ea A eC UNI dt tes SE 73 Calibration procedure 2 ee ee ee 74 Done button es parted oe otro tee eb dew aes Rr ndn 76 Pitch Raising with RCT 0 0 0 eee ee eee 76 Note Tuning Order in Pitch Raise modes TT Overpull Percentages llle 78 Pitch Raise Percentage Slider ooooo ooooooo ooo ooo 78 Custom Overpull Percentage Charts oo 79 Overpull Averaging Ih 79 Exceptions to Overpull Averaging usuan narun 79 Low bass overpull averaging lee 80 Lowest Plain Wire Note averaging lesse 80 Pitch Raise Dialog Box oo 81 Lowest plain wire note llle 81 Bass overpullicap 5 iG ede YS ebur eI DN UR an 81 Treble overpull capa uva Hehe OPE AO E reg AO 81 Pitch Raise Type uper Hae ol nde 82 Notes Recorde
97. cally re calculated immediately after sampling a piano or selecting a different OTS or partial In other words you don t need to click Ch2 s Calculate button first That s why they re called Preview graphs This is different from Ch2 s Tuning Graph which is updated only after clicking Ch2 s Calculate button CEQ s Aural Intervals and Difference graphs are also live meaning they too are automatically updated after any change in a sampled piano OTS CEQ slider setting or partial The Interval Preview Graph displays predicted widths of the most important intervals in either beats or cents and can be displayed relative to the lower or upper note You can view this graph in two sizes 100 standard or 200 expanded for finer detail Selectable intervals are Sths 3 2 12ths 3 1 4ths 4 3 Major 3rd 5 4 10ths 5 2 17ths 5 1 Octaves 2 1 Octaves 4 2 Octaves 6 3 Double Octaves 4 1 Triple Octaves 8 1 and minor 3rds 6 5 Intervals are displayed in different colors denoting intervals types as defined in Pianalyzer The Partial Preview Graph displays all the possible tuning curves for the sampled piano using the OTS settings chosen in Ch2 Each curve is displayed in the color family used in PAZ and the Interal Preview Graph The sections of the Partial curves with bolder boxed graphlines indictate the current settings for the chosen OTS and partials in other words the boxed area of the graphlines th
98. d curra tellu Ew KME Dad EAS ES 83 Start New and OK ws fice ey ease py PA Re Ba te peer ees 83 Info during Pitch Raising a 84 Pitch Raise Progress Bar a 84 LPWN indicator triangle 24 85 Pitch Raising tips oe 85 chapter 4 Editing Files and Records cens 87 Chart view Lor c buen pA Hana baa A tee ta P a EN 87 Interpret the Interval Preview Graph 0 o o o oooo oo ooo 89 How to Interpret the Partial Preview Graph 90 Formats allowed oro 90 Overview of files and records a 90 Icon View Editing Features o 91 Icon VIEW let tU AT Ue Ms Leto NG 91 Header VIEW m dnce REY vnb phi reves eo EA TIG 92 Chart Window 2 5 0205244 Re id desde a e bu Rus 92 Header and Serial Number nee 92 Changing Pitch o s x a dida 94 Tunis Typen ui a altres rs RI tec NA Dos 94 Using The Graph cata a a e eh Bee 94 Search Men 2 dcr A eos 95 chapter 5 Tools Meni A A a hha la 96 Math Tools 1 stake KANA eae as lee BALANG KAP GNG 96 ANCLAS mesi kana Sent Na Pa ban Le a Ph ni ud AMING Lbs 96 Diflerence ee rata evita a egt 96 SUM a AA rai n 96 User Temperaments bi reir eed 97 Tuning Doctor mn Ribas 98 chapter 6 Pianalyzet ui A A Re a N 99 Using PAZ 5a is o Ds p rae La GG 99 Partial Ladder Series 0 0 eee 100 nico 100 Printing and saving with PAZ eea 101 chapter 7 Usinge MIDI 57 UIS KANAN neue 102 Receiving Tuning
99. d place the results in it The Average tool takes two or more selected records and averages the cents values for each note This is very useful for creating a generic tuning record from several aural or calculated tuning records of the same model The Average tool can also be used when tuning two or more different models together average all the tuning records and tune all pianos to the average Of course if the pianos are of wildly different sizes or types neither piano may sound perfectly in tune with itself But if you re in this situation there s no perfect solution anyway The Difference tool requires that two and only two pianos be selected Then it takes the first tuning and subtracts the cents values in the second tuning For example if you select tunings 1 and 2 choose Difference and choose to place the result into tuning 3 RCT will do the following T1 T2 2 T3 Each note s cents value in tuning number 2 is subtracted from the same note s cents value in tuning number 1 and the result is stored at the same note in tuning number 3 This tool can be useful for comparing two tunings since the difference can be graphed The Sum tool requires two and only two pianos be selected This tool then takes the first tuning and adds the cents values in the second tuning to it For example if you select tunings 1 and 2 choose Sum and choose to place the result into tuning 3 RCT will do the following T1 T2 T3 98 Fach
100. d section T 30B is saying that the octave A3 to A4 will be 30 Beats wide at the 4 2 octave check that is the F3 A3 major 3rd should beat about 1 beat in 3 seconds slower than the F3 A4 tenth The third section D 70B is saying that the double octave A2 to A4 ended up 70 BPS expanded or wide from pure Check this by comparing the F2 A2 major 3rd with the F2 A4 17th The 3rd should be 70 beats slower This is called a 4 1 double octave check Of course each piano and tuning preference will have a different set of beat speeds but if the aural checks match what Chameleon says then you know everything worked If the speeds don t match usually your measurements were off or were entered incorrectly Or the tuning drifted or the MIDI transfer was bad etc Chameleon uses a two octave A to A temperament Tuning this aurally or electronically yourself will help you understand the checks better For more information on aural electronic octave tuning see the Piano Technician s Guild Journal article series by Rick Baldassin entitled On Pitch June 1983 through March 1985 11 articles This is the all time classic series equating Aural and Electronic tuning and on different types of octave tuning The PTG now publishes these articles in book called On Pitch 113 Some small or poorly scaled pianos will actually have negative contracted single octave checks This is normal and necessary to keep the double octaves from being t
101. dentifying and naming notes 14 Import cs eh rre rr 15 Installing RCT 8 Installing Reyburn CyberTuner 11 Interpret the Interval Preview Graph 19 89 Interpret the Partial Preview Graph 19 90 Interval Preview Graph 18 Interval Preview Graph and Partial Preview Graph 18 Kent Swafford 129 Keyboard Shortcuts 128 Large automatic 82 Lars PR votes 77 82 Lengths ocn dd 111 A VAGNAAA 44 Lastenet oda ainda 12 Lowest plain wire note 81 EPWN spa bie he o ts 81 Magnifying Glass 20 144 Manual PR 82 Manual PR button 73 Marinelli 110 Math functions 21 Medium PR mode 76 Micrometer 110 Microphones 137 MIDI Control 13 MIDI converter 102 MIDI Receive 96 MIDI OUT button 104 Moving to CyberEar 58 Natural stretch 33 Noise 3 3 6 em 54 Non zeroed ratio 44 Notes Recorded 83 NoteSwitcher 64 NoteSwitcher button 65 NoteSwitcher preferences 65 Octave Tuning Style specifications 32 Octave Tuning Styles Offset box 69 70 Offset box Listener T2 Open Latest 15 25 Opening a Saved Tuning Record 25 Organizing Files and Records 53 Organizing Tuning Files 56 OTS Limits
102. displays a solid Spinner ball and therefore needs no Spinner setting and Manual PR to yellow and 4 0g rev sec w Hint See Muting Procedures in Appendix E for tips on muting technique making your own split mutes etc 79 Overpull Percentages The following chart and graph show the overpull percentages CE uses when calculating the overpull cents for each note The overpull percentages listed below are applied to the differential between a note s original pitch before you tune it and its target pitch where Ch2 calculated it should be after you tune it 1 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 E 2 12 12 12 e 12 e e e 12 al 32 31 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 29 29 28 2 28 271 m 27 a 27 27 25 28 29 29 30 30 31 32 33 34 s 36 37 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 3 38 38 38 38 37 35 33 31 29 27 25 25 O S3 TI TITI M M M p u 10 4 o Notes 1 88 Medium overpull percentages if the tenor break is at B2 C3 For high overpull add 3 to all percentages For low overpull subtract 3 For example if C4 s original pitch was 20g but Ch2 calculated its correct pitch at 5 its differential is 25g The overpull percentage for C4 is 30 Thirty percent of 235g is 7 56 Therefore C4 will be overpulled by 7 5 which means you ll pitch raise C4 to 12 5 After pitch raising the e
103. dit the cents field of the same note If editing the partial field it will forward to the partial field in the next note up chromatically UP and DOWN arrow keys move editing to the appropriate field in the direction of the arrow ENTER key Mac only Press this when you are done editing It simply locks in the changes for the current field and quits editing The small line which appears between the partial and cents fields when editing reminds the user that the two fields are separate e Hint To view the chart or the graph of the previous or next tuning record press the Command key Mac or the Control key Win while pressing the left or right arrow keys 95 Partials used by Reyburn CyberTunero name partial number interval half steps from partial 1 from partial 1 1st Sub Partial 1 1 semitone below fundamental 1 Fundamental 1 0 0 Second 2 1 octave 12 Third 3 1 octave fifth 19 Fourth 4 2 octaves above 24 Fifth 5 2 octaves major third 28 Sixth 6 2 octaves a fifth 31 Seventh 7 2 octaves a seventh 34 Eighth 8 3 octaves 36 Ninth 9 3 octaves 2 semitones 38 Tenth 10 3 octaves a major third 40 11 Semitones 11 1 octave 1 semitone 11 Twelfth 12 3 octaves a fifth 43 23 Semitones 13 2 octaves 1 semitone 23 Fourteenth 14 3 octaves seventh 46 Sth Sub Partial 5 5 semitones below 5 If you are typing the partial number as opposed to the partial note name into the partial field RCT will use the number
104. e Offset box reading will not change when you switch notes On the other hand the Tune box reading will change when you switch notes because the Tune box shows the cents deviations calculated by Ch2 and displayed in the active tuning chart 72 Ka Hint If you want to tune to piano to a pitch other than A440 you have two choices the Offset box or the Pitch popup menu If you enter and leave a cents reading in the Offset box every note will be offset by that amount Your other choice is to use the Pitch popup menu to enter a non A440 pitch such as A439 A438 etc or a cents offset in Other Actually you can use both the Offset box and the Pitch popup menu at the same time the two numbers will add together to create a total pitch offset If you do this the sharp and flat symbols for the pitch popup menu and the Offset box will be displayed normally in other words independently of each other and the total pitch offset Using opposite signed pitch popup menu and Offset box can be confusing so please be careful Offset box readings are not saved when you click the Save Cents button Any reading in the Offset box remains unchanged when you switch notes An Offset box clear cannot be undone For safety the Offset box defaults to 0 00 whenever RCT quits Overpull box 0 004 t When CE is in Pitch Raise mode the Offset box changes to the Overpull box The Overpull box displays two pieces of information 1 The left b
105. e Partial Preview Graph are exactly the same curves displayed in the familiar Tuning Graphs How to Interpret the Interval Preview Graph The Interval Preview Graph IPG can help you pre hear the beat speeds of your favorite aural intervals before you tune the piano After viewing the IPG you may decide to select another OTS use CEQ to customize the tuning set User Limits to another setting Or it may alert you to a potential problem somewhere on the keyboard that you want to aurally verify and if necessary corect by ear during or after the tuning process Tips Smooth curves in beat speeds of the 2 1 4 2 and 6 3 octaves indicate a well scaled piano Parallel curves for 3rds 10ths and 17ths also indicate a well scaled piano Sometimes the 10ths will show a spike near A4 this in normal and sounds just fine To view the relationship of these curves more easily select the Lower note radio button Look at the curves for 5ths and 12ths On grands and well scaled verticals these curves will be smooth and stay narrow negative beats or close to pure If they are positive or non smooth it means the Sths and 12ths are wide instead of narrow as 91 they should be This may occur in short scale pianos such as spinets RCT s Limits function automatically creates the best compromises in the tuning calculations for such poorly scaled pianos so there may be nothing you can do to improve the tuning although you can try using
106. e at A2 A3 called B beat speed for a 4 2 octave at A3 A4 called T e Double Octave Maximum beat speed for A2 A4 4 1 double octave called DMax e Single Octave Minimum beat speed for T and B called SOM A7 octave type ranging from single to triple octave Octave Tuning Style specifications B Bass control octave A2 to A3 6 3 octave T Treble control octave A3 to A4 4 2 octave Dmax Double Octave Maximum A2 to A4 4 1 double octave maximum SOM Single Octave Minimum minimum width for B or T overrides DMax A7 which octave type is used when tuning A7 Single octave 1 00 Double octave 2 00 Triple octave 3 00 OTS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 RPT B 0 08 0 06 0 16 0 24 0 30 0 36 0 42 0 54 0 72 0 24 T 000 014 024 032 038 044 osol 062 080 032 DMax 060 076 0 89 100 106 1 14 125 142 164 0 75 som el 0 82 0 48 0 38 0 30 0 26 0 20 0 14 0 08 0 03 0 30 somr os2 0 181 008 0 00 0 04 0 10 0 16 022 027 o ol 1 50 167 1 83 2 00 216 233 252 275 3 00 1 60 beats per second Chart 1 Octave Tuning Style specifications 33 More about OTSes OTS specs progress smoothly from pure Style 1 to very wide Style 9 Styles 3 4 and 5 are typical of most aural tunings for home pianos The Double Octave Maximum DMax specifies the maximum beat speed of a 4 1 double octave at A2 A4 In ef
107. e overpull percentages in group fashion in other words adds or subtracts 1 to 5 percentage points from the standard overpull percentages Tuning techniques vary and so do pianos For some pianos or piano tuners the standard amount of overpull may be too much or too little It s not unusual for lightly built pianos spinets consoles with no backposts etc to drop more during a pitch raise or for strongly built pianos massive concert grands pianos with ultra stiff or old soundboards to drop less It s also not unusual for some tuners to find that their pin setting technique favors a different overpull setting that RCT s defaults 84 To adjust the overpull perncentages for all notes click and drag the pointer or click on the slider This new setting will increase or decrease the overpull percentages for all 88 notes equally This setting will apply to both a Standard or a Custom overpull chart You can change the Overpull Percentage at any time such as in the middle of a pitch raise If you want to do this be sure to click OK and not Start New when exiting the Pitch Raise dialog box The Overpull setting will normally return to zero when RCT quits if you d rather have a non zero percentage always be the setting for the Overpull slider set the slider where you want then check the box Save as default w Hint RCT s pitch raise percentages are optimized for starting at AO and tuning unisons as you go If you use a
108. ed note will be whatever you ve set in the Prefs window NoteSwitcher and Navigating ge To advance to the next note it s not necessary to press a note switch click your mouse or press a key on your computer s keypad You can but you don t need to Simply play an adjacent note and NoteSwitcher automagically moves up or down a half step to the note you re playing To switch to a note further away than a half step Click on any key on CE s keyboard graphic Click on CE s navigation buttons Press one of the computer keyboard s arrow keys up arrow to switch up a half step down arrow to move down a half step right arrow to move up one octave left arrow to move up one octave Holding down one of these arrow keys will make the key switch repeatedly and rapidly The repeat rate is adjustable in your computer s Keyboard control panel Play the intervening notes chromatically NoteSwitcher can switch notes about 8 times per second on a 100 mHz computer 66 NoteSwitcher preferences NoteSwitcher can be set to bi directional up only or down only There are two methods to select NoteSwitcher settings in the Prefs window or with a keyboard shortcut To set NoteSwitcher direction in the Prefs window click CyberEar s Preferences button 2 9 Prefs then select the desired NoteSwitcher setting amp Bidirectional Auto Note Switcher Q Up only ae Q Down Only You can also select a NoteSwitcher direction fro
109. ed or Demo piano of similar design Then with the piano at proper pitch you can record accurate sample calculate a tuning record and fine tune the piano If you prefer you can finish sampling and calculate a tuning record for your pitch raise After the piano is at proper pitch re sample and create a more accurate tuning record suitable for fine tuning Floating pitch The procedures described above are all you need to know to do accurate pitch raises and fine tuning with RCT But remember on an off pitch and out of tune piano the pitch of A4 is not necessarily representative of the pitch of the entire piano Different sections drift at different rates notes more than an octave from A4 are almost surely at a different pitch unless of course the piano was recently tuned to a non A440 pitch Typically the tenor s lowest half octave drifts the most the upper tenor less the upper bass less again but sometimes more and the lowest and highest notes the least Some tuners prefer to leave the piano at its current average pitch on the premise that minimizing the change in the overall is less destabilizing This is called floating the pitch To do so you need to assess the piano s overall pitch Here are three suggested procedures 1 In Fine Tune mode select and play A4 You ll already know its beats or cents deviation from Ch2 which you can verify with the gradients in the oval 10e 25g 50 etc Play some other notes all
110. ed a few pianos RCT is a great educational tool but can t teach you everything you need to know all by itself You also need a qualified teacher or mentor Contact the Piano Technicians Guild Inc 3930 Washington Kansas City MO 64111 2963 PTG s phone number is 816 753 7747 their fax number is 816 531 0070 their email address is ptg ptg org and their Web page is at www ptg org PTG is a non profit organization with approximately 4 000 members that offers educational and business support to professional piano technicians and interested amateurs PTG has hundreds of local chapters throughout the US Mexico Canada Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands and is affiliated with the International Association of Piano Builders and Technicians A Registered Piano Technician is a member of the Piano Technicians Guild who has passed a rigorous 3 part examination written technical and tuning covering most aspects of piano technology Both Dean and Mitch are Registered Piano Technicians in the Piano Technicians Guild What computer can I use with RCT Reyburn CyberTuner runs on Macintosh and Windows on both laptops and desktops Macintosh RCT runs on Macintosh computers with 68040 CPUs or later 50 mHz or faster running System 7 5 or later RCT 3 5 needs at least 6 megs of free RAM 4 megs on 68040 Macs after the OS and any other running program is loaded Virtual memory must be off when using RCT on a Macintosh We recommend you set
111. ed by its pointer and is displayed in the indicator box If there s more than one ratio on a slider the zeroed ratio is bolded to help make it easy to see The other slider ratios are called non zeroed ratios and are not fixed to any one beat rate Their locations are calculated by RCT and move around depending on the scale of the piano the OTS selected the settings of other sliders and Limits SOM and DMax You can figure the beat rate for a non zeroed ratio by calculating the difference between the non zeroed ratio and the pointer For instance look at the A6 slider It has 4 1 as its zeroed ratio which means the pointer and indicator box of the A6 slider tell us the beat rate of the 4 1 double octave A4 A6 which is 25 bps In our example the non zeroed 2 1 ratio is located approximately 1 75 bps below the zero point which means the total distance from the 2 1 ratio to the pointer is 2 00 1 75 25 The A5 A6 2 1 octave will beat approximately 2 bps for a Yamaha C3E using OTS 4 Slider Specs The four bass sliders AO to A3 have a scale of 1 0 to 1 0 and gradations of 02 The AS and A6 sliders have a scale of 2 0 to 3 0 and gradations of 05 The A7 slider has a scale of 20 to 30 and gradations of 5 All measurements are beats per second A CEQ tuning is re calculated automatically after any change to a slider OTS selection or Limit setting which means pointers or non zeroed ratios will re locate and the graph wil
112. ed note Call out the note name octave and cents reading so it can be recorded on ETS Form 2 or 3 Then click the Save Cents button Save and three events will occur simultaneously 1 The reading in the Tune box will be written into the selected note s cell in the open tuning chart should be either EEE or SUP 2 CyberEar will automatically switch up to the next note 3 The Tune box Listener will be enabled as indicated by the pulsing rings around the Spinner Play the next note which now is the selected note and it will be auto measured Continue this procedure until all notes of Part 1 or 2 are recorded After measuring the last note the Tune Box Listener will still be waiting to auto measure the next note so you ll need to cancel auto measuring by clicking on the Tune Box Listener button 123 It s a good idea to save the file to disk under the File menu select Save several times during the recording process Adjusting the pitch of a previously recorded Master Tuning 1 Open the exam s A4 Pitch tuning record 6 2 Open CyberEar A4 will be selected If not select A4 3 Click on the Offset Box Listener button and play A4 A4 will be auto measured at partial 1 4 Verify the accuracy of the auto measure by playing A4 again and if necessary clicking the Offset Box s up down buttons for maximum blush 5 Select AS 6 Click on the Tune Box Listener button not the Offset Box s and play A4 not A5 A4 will
113. ed to understand The active tuning record and CyberEar are linked CyberEar displays the pitch for each note as listed in its cell in the active open tuning record This linkage works in the other direction too When you measure a note s pitch in CyberEar then tell CyberEar to save that measurement the note s cents reading will automatically be written into its cell in the active tuning chart If no tuning record or file is active when you go to CyberEar CyberEar is not linked to any tuning chart Instead it will measure deviation from theoretically pure equal temperament similar to the SAT s Tune mode In CyberEar a selected note is written in the big box in the center of the CyberEar window On the graphic keyboard the note is indicated by the pointing finger the note name and octave are written over the selected note s darkened key the tuning partial as listed in the tuning chart is shown on the graphic keyboard with an ear a dot on the key note name and octave and partial number At the bottom of the CyberEar window is a long rectangular header box There appears the name of the active tuning record that CyberEar is linked to Just to the left of the header box is the number of the active tuning record T 1 EXAMINEE CEEE To indicate a note s pitch deviation CyberEar uses the Spinner a rotating circle with two pie slices or arcs The Spinner s rotation speed is proportionate to a note s pitch
114. ells in the tuning chart The serial number will be displayed as the header s last item in file view when the pointer is over the record s piano icon but will not appear in the record s header when the record s chart is open Four numerals can be stored in the first Ser cell and three numerals in the next These two cells will be concatenated when displayed in other words if 1234 is in the first Ser cell and 567 is in the second then 1234567 will appear Using Search under the Tools menu will not find such a serial number O Q amp A Question Could a saved tuning be used on another piano of the same model Answer Yes but it s not recommended If you do this please be careful If the scales of the two pianos are exactly the same the imported tuning record will work just fine on both But if the manufacturer changed the scale design between the manufacturing of the sampled piano and the one you re now tuning there may be problems If there s variation from one piano to the next within the same model e g some Steinways more differences will arise For pitch raises these differences are inconsequential and probably won t matter But for fine tuning they may result in significant errors Many RCT users take samples of every piano they re about to tune even if they already saved a tuning from this piano Why re sample a piano you sampled six months ago Because changes in humidity can affect the piano s pitch or
115. en in the Note Selection box and on the graphic keyboard The graphic keyboard imparts lots of information The hand s finger points to the selected note its key is darkened and the note name and octave are written over the note At the Tuning Partial the note at which CE is listening an ear appears over the key a colored dot is displayed on the key the same color as the Spinner the note name appears over the key and the partial number appears under the key Displaying Pitch Deviation To display the pitch of a piano string CE uses the Spinner which looks like a circle with two rotating colored pie slices Each of these pie slices is called an arc Behind the Spinner is a large horizontal gray oval Centered in the oval and roughly the same size as the Spinner is a black circle called the target The Spinner The Spinner is CyberEar s most important visual component You ll be staring at it a lot so let s discuss it first If a note is perfectly tuned its pitch exactly matches the cents reading in the Tune box the Spinner stops rotating and will be located directly over the target If Targeting is on you ll see a blush explained below If the note is sharp the Spinner rotates clockwise if the note is flat the Spinner rotates counterclockwise Rotation speed increases as the note becomes increasingly sharp or flat If the note is more than 2 cents off pitch the Spinner moves increasingly right if sharp and left if f
116. end from bass to treble The horizontal scale of the graphs is the notes of the piano marked with a vertical line at each A control note The vertical scale is 5 cents or beats CEQ Dynamic and Self Adjusting Before we go any further there s a basic principle about CEQ you need to understand CEQ is dynamic When you adjust a slider CEQ automatically adjusts the pitches of outlying notes the same amount in order to retain beat rate relationships For example to increase the stretch of A4 A5 you might move the AS slider up 0 5 beats but you wouldn t want that to also decrease A5 A6 by 0 5 beats That s why if you move A5 up 0 5 beats CEQ automatically raises A6 0 5 beats too In this example A7 would be raised too 43 You can watch CEQ do this self adjusting After raising A5 s pointer A5 s beat rate increases but A6 and A7 beat rates stay the same When we talk about CEQ s graphs you see an even clearer example of CEQ s dynamic self adjusting By the way there s no slider over A4 because A4 is the pitch of the entire tuning which is better adjusted other places like CE s pitch popup menu It might help to think of A4 as the centerpoint for all the sliders Learning how CEQ works For the following example instead of sampling a real piano we ll use one of Ch2 s stored Demo pianos the Yamaha C3 Demo piano Select it by going to Ch2 holding down the command key and clicking on the Demo button If you re asked to ov
117. er beats because The display is more accurate in the low bass and more stable in the high treble The relative deviation of every note is the same throughout the entire keyboard in other words if a fifth in the bass and a fifth the treble are both contracted 1 95 their Spinner rotations will be the same There is no loss of accuracy when choosing a lower often stronger tuning partial Because displaying deviation as cents is so vastly superior to beats the Spinner defaults to cents every time RCT is opened Spinner speed The Spinner speed or sensitivity is another important Spinner setting You can adjust the Spinner s sensitivity by clicking and dragging the slider s pointer or by clicking anywhere on the indicator tube The most sensitive settings are higher up the tube the lower numbers One cent per revolution per second is much more sensitive than sixteen cents per revolution per second This might be hard to grasp at first how can lower numbers mean higher sensitivity but it makes sense if you stop and think about it If a note is 16 cents off pitch at 1 cent rev sec the Spinner will rotate 16 times in one second but at 16 cents rev sec it ll rotate only once per second For fine tuning we recommend a Spinner speed between 2 and 4 cents per rev sec At its most sensitive setting 1 rev sec the Spinner is jumpy and a little harder to control It s not the Spinner that s jumpy it s the string s pitch For
118. er wedges some use a single split mute a Hint Split mutes are easy to make yourself Make two one for grands using a pair of standard 3 4 by 3 mutes with no handle and another for verticals using a pair of long thin rubber mutes 1 4 by 5 for the vertical split mute insert a wire handle into the wedge furthest from the strings Use CA glue SuperGlue to glue the two rubber wedges together taking care to keep the glue off the lower 2 3 and offsetting the tips about 1 4 so it s easier to keep one wedge on one side of the unison while you wipe the other wedge past the unison making it easier to quickly bridge a three string unison Another hint with scissors cut the tip of the wipe past wedge at an angle so the tip is parallel with the strings this will help the tip slip into the gap between the unison you re on and the next one up 2 Felt strip mutes Strip up the entire piano and pop off the mute strip to tune unisons as you go The order in which you ll tune strings within a unison is a little different from using rubber wedges so pay attention Some tuners like to use mute strips on the bass and tenor sections and a rubber wedge split mute for the treble section w Hint If your felt strips are too thick try peeling off a layer of felt With care and maybe a few tries you can pull off layer along the entire length of the felt strip To fine tune a piano either muting procedure can be used Some R
119. ere are the partials recorded for each A sample note A4 partials 1 2 3 4 A3 partials 1 2 3 4 A2 partials 2 4 5 6 Al partials 4 6 7 1 AS partials 1 2 3 A6 partials 1 2 0 12 Ch2 uses these partial ladders to calculate single double and triple octaves putting the appropriate amount of octave stretch for the chosen tuning style Ch2 chooses the appropriate octave type for each section of the piano single octaves 2 1 4 2 6 3 8 4 10 5 and 12 6 double octaves 4 1 and in the low bass 8 2 and 12 3 and triple octave 8 1 Finally notes between the sampled A s are filled in using a customized curve fitting procedure Chameleon 2 is based directly on aural tuning principles That s why RCT s tunings sound so good and why it s so easy to use Ch2 matches one sampled note s partial ladder to another s also called virtual direct interval tuning Ch2 makes thoughtful compromises between octave types partial choices and scale inconsistencies just like a good aural tuner would Chameleon 2 lets you e Choose between Easy mode fewer choices or Advanced mode more choices e Select one of ten Octave Tuning Styles OTS to set the overall stretch e allow Limits to automatically or compensate for inconsistent or poor scaling or set your own custom Limits e Select partials in the low bass bass and tenor e Edit any note s cents deviation or partial e Save name arrange into folders copy
120. erent from Ch2 s Tuning Graph which is updated only after clicking Ch2 s Calculate button CEQ s Aural Intervals and Difference graphs are also live meaning they too are automatically updated after any change in a sampled piano OTS CEQ slider setting or partial The Interval Preview Graph displays predicted widths of the most important intervals in either beats or cents and can be displayed relative to the lower or upper 19 note You can view this graph in two sizes 100 standard or 200 expanded for finer detail Selectable intervals are Sths 3 2 12ths 3 1 4ths 4 3 Major 3rd 5 4 10ths 5 2 17ths 5 1 Octaves 2 1 Octaves 4 2 Octaves 6 3 Double Octaves 4 1 Triple Octaves 8 1 and minor 3rds 6 5 Intervals are displayed in different colors denoting intervals types as defined in Pianalyzer The Partial Preview Graph displays all the possible tuning curves for the sampled piano using the OTS settings chosen in Ch2 Each curve is displayed in the color family used in PAZ and the Interal Preview Graph The sections of the Partial curves with bolder boxed graphlines indictate the current settings for the chosen OTS and partials in other words the boxed area of the graphlines the Partial Preview Graph are exactly the same curves displayed in the familiar Tuning Graphs Interpreting the Interval Preview Graph The Interval Preview Graph IPG can help you pre hear the beat speeds of your favorite
121. erify that Pitch located at top center is set to 440 If not hold the mouse down on the improper pitch setting and select 440 7 Manually select the first note you wish to record 8 To auto measure the selected note click the Tuner Box Listener button with the ear inside located under the Tune Box al Min 1 60 8 When you do you ll see pulsing rings around the Spinner indicating that CyberEar is waiting for you to play the note Play the note and sustain it until the Spinner ball is completely filled in indicating auto measuring is complete This takes about 6 seconds in the bass and 2 seconds in the treble The cents deviation of the note will now be displayed in the Tune Box To double check the accuracy of your auto measure play the note again but don t re click the Tune Box Listener If necessary click the Tune Box s up or down buttons and adjust the Spinner by 1 until the Spinner s rotation is completely stopped and you get maximum blush It may be possible to get a better maximum blush even momentarily by adjusting the Tune Box in increments of 01 by pressing the Command key Mac or Control key Win or the Shift key Mac and Win and clicking the Tune Box s up down arrow buttons Piano tone is transient so measure the note at the same point of decay Play softly and consistently for maximum accuracy When you re satisfied your measurement is as accurate as possible it s time to save the pitch of the record
122. ers Ch2 mathematically sets the pitch of the first partial of each sample to zero re calibrates the higher partials then compares the three ladders at each partial The largest difference at any one partial is the note s variance What variance should I get In Easy mode variances will be shown as Good Fair or Poor Good is great and Fair is OK but if you see Poor which will appear in red you should try to resample that particular note explained below and try for Good or Fair variance Al Variance Good In Advanced mode variance is shown in cents Al Variance 0 07 A variance under 0 254 is very good and is in effect almost the same as zero variance Most good pianos in a quiet room will result in variances below 0 25 Variances between 0 25 and 0 50 are OK and acceptable Variances over 0 50 indicate an atypical instability in the recorded partial ladders and you should attempt to obtain lower numbers which depending on the piano may not be possible Any variance greater than 0 50 will appear in red You ll rarely see a variance of 0 00 This would mean all three samples for an A note are exactly the same a very improbable occurrence because pianos and piano strings are made from inexact materials wood steel felt and are played by inexact creatures you and me well OK maybe just me 30 Variance cents for Easy mode Good 0 004 to 0 25 Fair 0 26 to 0 50 Poor 0 514 or greater
123. erwrite an existing tuning or another Demo piano click OK Select the Yamaha C3 demo piano and click OK This loads pre sampled partial ladders from a Yamaha C3E into Ch2 Using Demo pianos is as great way to learn about CEQ Open CEQ by clicking on the Custom EQ icon not the radio button The CEQ header should say Yamaha C3E 6 grand Demo If this is the first time you re opening CEQ the OTS Difference graph will be selected and cents will be the display mode If you ve already changed it to another setting change it back a Custom Equalizer E eS more stretch Ng more stretch OTS Difference Yamaha C3E 6 grand demo gt 0 lt B 8 24B T 0 32B D 0 566B CH2 In the center of the CEQ window are nine OTS radio buttons Except for being vertical these are the same OTS buttons as you see in Ch2 If this is the first time you ve opened CEQ OTS 4 will be selected CEQ s current settings are saved when CEQ is closed and restored the next time CEQ opens Go ahead and click on a few OTS buttons When you change to another OTS the pointers and beat rates change Why Higher numbered OTSes have more stretch and faster beat rates Drag some sliders around After you move a slider the graph shows the effect of these tweaks It s called the OTS Difference graph because it shows the difference between the standard OTS you selected and whatever changes
124. et box Listener is similar to the Tune box Listener with one exception The Offset box Listener measures the difference between the Tune box reading and the note s actual pitch NoteSwitcher becomes disabled when you click on the Offset box Listener To re enable NoteSwitcher click on the NoteSwitcher button w Hint Repeated Listener measurements of the same note may result in slightly different readings This is normal Piano and piano strings are inherently complex and do not always generate exactly the same pitch at every instant or at every excitation Factors affecting the consistency of a strings pitch include volume listening time noise etc To maximize Listener consistency play the note at a consistent mezzo forte medium volume To further increase Listener accuracy take three readings and average them This is what Ch2 does when sampling notes to create a partial ladder where accuracy is super critical Save Cents button Save Clicking the Save Cents button does the following 1 The Tune box reading of the selected note is saved to the proper cell in the open tuning chart 2 Noteswitcher switches up one note 3 And the Tune box Listener is auto enabled The Save Cents button is most often used when recording an aural tuning or making single note changes to a Ch2 tuning To record an aural tuning make a copy of a pre existing tuning record with the desired partials If there is no such record manually modify a new
125. f the software solely for backup or archival purposes or you may place the software on one or more hard disks provided that only one copy is in use at any one time Acknowledgments CyberTuner CyberEar and Chameleon 2 are trademarks of Reyburn Piano Service Inc Sanderson Accu Tuner is a trademark of Inventronics Inc PowerBook and PowerBook Duo are trademarks of Apple Computer Apple Macintosh is a trademark of Apple Computer SentinelEve and SentinelSuperPro are trademarks of Rainbow Technologies All product names mentioned in this manual and not listed above are trademarks of their respective companies Read this license agreement before using Reyburn Cybertuner This agreement is a legal contract between you the end user and Reyburn Piano Service Inc governing your use of the software Starting the Reyburn CyberTunere program for the first time indicates your acceptance of this agreement This agreement shall also be binding on any subsequent authorized licensee If you do not wish to agree to the terms of this agreement promptly return the complete software package including the SentinelKey to the dealer from whom you obtained this product You will receive a full refund of the purchase price less shipping provided i you return the full software package and ii the disk packages and SentinelKey are returned in saleable condition and iii the SentinelKey is in original condition 1 e SoftKey has been Uninstalled If you
126. fairly close to pitch within about 8f or 2 beats although it can be used at any time The easiest keyboard shortcut is T no modifier key required Command T Macs or Control T Win work too If your screen is smaller than 800 x 600 the keyboard shortcuts are not displayed but still work In Fine Tune mode the selected note s cents reading is displayed in the Tune Box This reading is read directly from the selected note s cell in the active Ch2 tuning record w Hint After completing a fine tuning check the tuning visually and aurally 68 To check a tuning visually with RCT simply start at AO and play the notes rapidly watching for a stopped or nearly stopped Spinner If you find a note the Spinner indicates is off check it aurally to see if it can be improved by tuning it in the direction indicated by the Spinner The Spinner is usually right When checking the tuning aurally pay special attention to the bass tenor break especially intervals that span wire types Pay special attention to the sound of consecutive slow intervals such as octave and fifths and their octave added extensions which can help you detect minutely mistuned unisons that may be missed when listening to only a single note Pitch Raise Pitch Raise mode is similar to Fine Tune mode with the notable exception of its use of overpull Pitch Raise mode is recommended when the tuning or a few notes is 6 cents or more off pitch either flat or
127. fect DMax is a ceiling or outer boundary Most well scaled pianos don t need DMax Usually DMax is invoked only if a piano s scaling is unusual e g spinet and or the settings for B or T are relatively wide If the double octave beat speed wants to be greater than its DMax setting Ch2 will shrink to fit A2 A3 B and A3 A4 T as needed until the double octave beat speed D no longer exceeds the double octave maximum DMax In other words the beat speed of the actual A2 A4 double octave may be less than its DMax setting but will never be greater except if SOM is invoked SOM or Single Octave Minimum is another layer of built in safety features that prevents DMax from narrowing B and T too much On extremely poorly scaled pianos DMax may try to shrink B and T till they re actually narrow If Dmax shrinks T or B to less than their SOM setting SOM kicks in D is allowed to expand beyond DMax until T and B equal SOM A more complete explanation of DMax and SOM appears later in this chapter If all this seems confusing don t worry All you need to remember is Ch2 is very smart and will automatically create a great sounding tuning even on weird spinets or bizarre short grands Some interesting terminology Some people use the term artificial stretch for what RCT does when creating an Octave Tuning Style wider than OTS 1 Artificial stretch is defined as the amount of additional sharpness or flatness beyond what s required
128. files on your hard disk as will fit To further our analogy a bookstore your hard disk can hold as many books tuning files as space allows If you own other bookstores in other towns Zip drive floppy disk external hard drive etc you can store a virtually unlimited number of books RCT tuning files Identifying and naming notes Throughout RCT notes are designated by the popular convention of letter and octave number For example C4 signifies middle C Octaves change at every C and only sharps names are used To illustrate the lowest notes on an 88 note piano are AO A 0 BO C1 C 1 D1 etc The note used to set pitch is A4 The piano s highest notes are A7 A 7 B7 and C8 Music theorists may shudder but C 3 F3 is the proper designation for this major third In CyberEar s Aural Temperament prefs and when specifying the lowest plain wire note in the CyberEar Pitch Raise dialog box note numbers e g 49 are automatically converted to note names e g A4 You may enter a note number into these two windows and it will be converted automatically to note name and octave number when the window is closed A graphic piano keyboard appears in several RCT modules For your convenience C is displayed on middle C and a tuning fork on A4 15 PPP RCT Menu Bar When RCT is running the RCT menu bar sometimes called the main menu is displayed across the top of your computer s screen If you re even the least bit fam
129. for octaves to be beatless Natural stretch is a less common term leftover from the old days before inharmonicity was widely understood Natural stretch means that due to inharmonicity specific octave partials must be tuned wider than a whole number multiple in order to be beatless or for tempered intervals to have a specific beat Inharmonicity is a characteristic of piano wire whereby the frequencies of a note s partials get proportionately sharper the higher the partial number Inharmonicity is a fundamental concept in piano tuning If you want to learn more some excellent texts available from PTG are On Pitch by Rick Baldassin The Calculating Technician by David Roberts you ll need advanced math skills for this one The Tuning Exam Source Book and anything written by Dan Levitan in the Piano Technicians Journal Dan teaches must see classes on inharmonicity at PTG conventions Selecting an OTS To select an OTS click on its radio button There are three buttons under three piano keyboards for a total of nine standard OTSes OTS 1 is the left button in the Clean grouping OTS 9 is on the right of the Stretched group The numbers for the nine OTSes are visible momentarily under a group of three radio buttons if you hold down the mouse on any radio button of that group r Octave Tuning Style ME M X X A oe Ts exam clean al stretched Custom EQ In the above example OTS 4 is selected OTS 4 is a typical and commo
130. g 18 Tuning Graph displays a graph of a tuning record a Tuning Graph B di2 of 2 Steinway D 9 grand demo gt 4 lt B 8 24B T 0 32B D 0 60B CH2 4d C1 A1 C2 A2 C3 AS C4 Ag C5 AS C6 AGC A2 C3 A3 C4 A4 C5 ASCO Ab C A ca To go to the previous or next graph hold down the Command key Mac or Control key Win while pressing the computer s left or right arrow keys As noted above this shortcut also works for viewing the next or previous charts Closing a chart automatically closes its graph When you re in the Windows menu to choose Tuning File a tuning file must be open to choose Tuning Chart a tuning chart must be open to choose Tuning Graph a tuning chart or file must be open Interval Preview Graph and Partial Preview Graph In RCT 3 5 two new graphs are available The Interval Preview Graph and the Partial Preview graph display data about the most recently sampled piano or the current Demo piano without first needing to click the Calculate button Under the Windows menu the Interval Preview Graph and the Partial Preview Graph let you virtually pre listen to the tuning These graphs are live which means they are automatically re calculated immediately after sampling a piano or selecting a different OTS or partial In other words you don t need to click Ch2 s Calculate button first That s why they re called Preview graphs This is diff
131. gnifying Glass is Command M Mac or Control M Win for the Tuning Hammer it s Command T Mac or Control T Win The Search menu has two choices Find Tuning opens a dialog box for finding characters within the header of a tuning record Find Again repeats the search Search looks in the headers of all tuning records in an open tuning file RCT allows only one tuning file to be open at a time The Tools menu can help you organize convert and compare tuning records and files For more details on Tools menu commands please see the chapter Tools Menu User Temperaments and Historical Temp ts enables conversion of a tuning to a different non equal temperament User Temps can store an unlimited number of temperaments you can create yourself Historical Temps stores 57 temperaments taken from Tuning by Owen Jorgensen the definitive text on historical temperaments and a must have for anyone seriously interested in this subject This feature is explained in the chapter Tools Menu Tuning Doctor searches for anomalous cents readings greater than twice the RPT exam tolerance or partial numbers decreasing treble ward in all tuning records in the open tuning file Sort alphabetizes all records in a selected file based on the entire text of the header Math functions A verage Difference and Sum compare cents data of tuning records See the Tools chapter for details Tuning Exam is used for measuring and scor
132. h we re not exceeding DMax anymore another dialog box appears This one says A2 is outside the normal tuning range A2 and A3 must be within 75 beats of each other CEQ is telling you 1t won t allow more than 75 bps in the A2 A3 single octave This is a built in CEQ safety feature that can t be overridden Click OK and A2 will auto set to 1 06 bps which is just below the 75 limit from A3 s OTS 4 setting of 32 CEQ s User Settings User Settings If you ve created a CEQ tuning for Mrs Smith s Gumbo Brothers piano and want to tune her piano exactly the same next year you d save and re use her just created tuning record But what if you d like to use the same CEQ tweaks on a different piano with a different scale Good news you can store and recall up to ten sets of CEQ slider positions and its OTS in what are called User Settings A User Setting doesn t specify actual pitches like a Tuning Chart Instead a User Setting specifies the OTS you selected and how far each slider was moved Different piano models have different scales which have unique partial ladders which means the same User Setting applied to two different pianos may result in very different stretches beat rates and slider settings You re probably already familiar with this effect in Ch2 where for example OTS 6 creates very different beat rates on a Steinway D and Lester spinet To open the User Settings window click on the User Settings button When the
133. han the SAT memory limit such as 1 the SAT will keep waiting for the rest and will not release the keyboard This does not hurt anything just press the ON OFF button on the SAT twice to turn it off and then back on again If you need to change a single high page in memory in the SAT you will have to send the SAT that page with all the pages lower than that page Its easy to send the SAT one Chameleon tuning for use in page 1 I suggest you use the first several pages as scrap pages since they are the most convenient to send to and use the higher pages for your standard library of tunings 107 MIDI Troubleshooting 1 Is the MIDI interface installed properly See the instructions that came with your MIDI interface RCT expects the MIDI interface to match the speed and port indicated in MIDI Setup Press the Setup button in the MIDI Control window 2 Check the MIDI cable to the SAT and computer Are they properly and firmly connected Try changing the serial cable or MIDI cable Try a one foot serial cable Long serial cables can cause problems with some computers Bad serial cables are one of the most common causes of MIDI communication problems 3 Macintosh MIDI troubleshooting Some system extensions which are loaded when your computer starts may conflict with RCT s MIDI driver These are the icons you see at the bottom of your screen when the Computer starts Try disabling extensions until you determine which is
134. hardware or software from Dean or Mitch we re happy to provide our customary high level of support If your question concerns hardware or software purchased elsewhere please be considerate of Dean s and Mitch s time we re probably working on enhancements to RCT and seek support from the company from which you purchased your software or hardware If you have non RCT questions about using your computer look in Macs for Dummies or Windows for Dummies your computer s User Manual or your computer s online Help If you still need help contact the computer s manufacturer Whenever you contact us please tell us your 1 RCT version number e g 2 5 3 0 3 5 etc 2 Your RCT serial number written on a label on your SentinelKey and displayed in RCT s startup screen You can also open RCT and click the menu item About RCT under the Help menu Win or Apple Menu Mac 3 Your computer s manufacturer model and specs e g Macintosh 2400c 180 mHz Sony Vaio 505 200 mHz etc 4 Operating system version and amount of built in memory Mac Open About this Mac or About this Computer under the Apple menu A Win Click the Start Menu Settings Control Panel then System Email Support Email is the preferred method of getting support because we can research your problem and provide you with a detailed written solution There are two ways to get email support You can send your support questions to supp
135. have flip down or pop out feet Use these feet to help prevent it from sliding off the fallboard music desk top etc w Hint If there s not much room on top of a vertical piano open the laptop s lid widely and set it on its left side For better balance place a rubber wedge mute under the computer s lid Be careful when using the trackpad or button mouse button and keyboard w Hint Some vertical pianos have very little room on top such as the Kawai UST 7 For these pianos place the laptop on the floor a music stand modified camera tripod or nearby table RCT works just fine even if the computer is as much as 20 feet away 25 Opening a Saved Tuning Record To open a tuning file or record that s already been saved onto your hard disk such as the Chameleon 2 Library if it was included with your purchase of RCT or any tuning record you ve created and saved yourself pull down the File menu and select Open Click a tuning file then click OK The tuning file will open Then either 1 Click on a record with the Magnifying Glass pointer Its tuning chart will open Select CyberEar Or 2 Select a tuning record with the Tuning Hammer pointer then select CyberEar There s an easier way to select oft used tuning files Pull down the File menu and highlight Open Latest A sub menu of the 8 most recent tuning files will appear Highlight the tuning file you want to open then release the mouse Press Command
136. he tuning needs to massaged by RCT s Limits which occurs automatically by RCT s customizable settings CEQ or User Limits or even moreso by your experienced ears RCT s View menu has three sections Icon and Header view Partial Numbers and Partial Names and Magnifying Glass and Tuning Hammer Icon view displays a matrix of small piano icons each representing a tuning record Position the pointer Magnifying Glass or Tuning Hammer over a piano icon to display the tuning record s header Header view displays an alphabetical scrolling list of the headers of all tuning records in the open tuning file In a tuning chart partials in each chart cell can be displayed in two ways Partial Name displays note name and octave number Partial Number displays partial number assuming partial 1 is the fundamental partial two is one octave higher etc For example let s assume Chameleon 2 calculated a tuning record using for note CI the 12th partial triple octave plus a fifth which is G4 If you open the tuning chart and select Partial Names G4 is displayed in the cell for C1 If you select Partial Number 12 is displayed Note the 12th partial is recommended only on large pianos Tuning Chart A4 Hz amp 4 A 3 cents aA m amp Chameleon Prev Next ph Print STEINWAY D 9 GRAND DEMO gt 4 lt B 0 28B T 0 32B D 0 638 CH2 AA E CA AA cs s41 5 164 1 5 64 1 3 54 0 465 2 6 c6 43 1 C6 s42 fora 1
137. hem back permanently archive another VTD s tuning pages send Ch2 created tunings to another VTD You can transfer tuning files between RCT Mac and RCT Win using MIDI although floppy disk transfer may be simpler MIDI Control transfer data to other VTDs Chameleon 1 Chameleon 1 calculates a tuning from physical measurements you take of strings from sample A notes Even though it s been superseded by Ch2 Chameleon 1 is included with RCT because it takes up very little disk space less than 10K and is used by some rebuilders For example if you re rescaling a piano you already have the measurements needed for Chl If you come up with any new uses for Ch1 let us know If you ve already won a T shirt we ll send you a CyberEarRing 14 Definitions and Terminology Chameleon 2 creates a tuning record for each piano A tuning record is a set of cents readings at designated partials for all 88 notes It also includes information such as the pitch of A4 at its first partial and a 70 character header into which Ch2 automatically enters the Octave Tuning Style you ve selected the resultant beat speeds of three sample intervals B for Bass Control Octave A2 A3 T for Treble Control Octave A3 A4 and D for Double Octave A2 A4 and which program created the tuning record Ch1 Ch2 etc You may type additional info into the header up to its 70 character limit w Hint If you re new to computers or RCT don t save tuning records or f
138. hen compare the data it receives with the data in the open tuning file which may contain multiple tuning records In other words if you ve just sent data from the SAT to the computer Verify will re send the data and check to see it s exactly the same Likewise if you ve just sent data from the computer to the SAT verify will send the SAT s data back to the computer and make sure they re exactly the same To repeat this important point MIDI verify compares the tunings in RCT s open file with the tunings as received from the SAT Any difference in the content of cents partials serial numbers or headers will cause a message to be created telling you how many bytes did not match Any difference in the number of bytes in the tunings sent from the SAT compared to tunings in the open file will cause a message indicating the difference in bytes RCT will always verify the number of bytes EXCEPT when RCT receives a different number of tunings than are in the open file In this case as long as an even number of tunings are received RCT will verify the content of the tunings received and will display a dialog box telling the user that less tunings were verified than expected MIDI Verify Procedure 1 Make sure your computer and your SAT are off 2 Make sure the MIDI interface is properly connected to your computer 3 Using a MIDI cable connect the SAT s MIDI OUT port to the interface s MIDI IN port Using the other MID
139. hen you select Pitch Raise mode in the pop up menu the Pitch Raise dialog box appears Here s where you set the parameters for your pitch raise Pitch Raise Lowest plain wire note s Bass overpull cap 5 Treble overpull cap 5 c Pitch Raise type Adjust Small up to 60c Overpull og Q Medium to 100c x Q Large over 100c Manual 4 O Save as default Overpull chart Standard gt Notes recorded 0 Lowest plain wire note LPWN tells CE where to change from 12 to 32 overpull Experienced tuners know that unwound strings in the low tenor need more overpull than the upper bass wound strings Type in the number or note name and octave of the lowest plain wire note in this box or use the down up arrows The LPWN is indicated on the CE graphic keyboard with a small triangle w Hint Lowest Plain Wire Note is very important Always make sure it s properly set and double check it from CE with the triangle over the graphic keyboard Usually LPWN will be the only thing you change in the PR dialog box Bass overpull cap and Treble overpull cap limit the cents overpulls during pitch raises to help prevent string breakage Default settings are 5g in the bass notes below LPWN and 254 in the treble LPWN and above After you get comfortable with pitch raising with RCT you might want to raise these to 10 in the bass and 30g in the treble Recommendations Higher settings are OK
140. hs for the points off and difference charts can be very instructive for the examinee For instance Tuning Graph Tuning Graph LAH OH IA LU 129 Unisons and Stability When measuring unisons and stability you ll use the Offset box to measure deviation from the Tune box reading For measuring unisons and stability you might find it more convenient to use CyberEar s automatic NoteSwitcher which switches CyberEar to the next chromatic note up or down as soon as you play it While you were measuring the Examinee tuning NoteSwitcher was automatically disabled which happened when you used the Tune box Listener the Offset box Listener or the Save Cents button To turn on automatic NoteSwitching click once on CyberEar s NoteSwitcher button If you want to disable automatic NoteSwitcher click again on the NoteSwitcher button o 2 Stability Open the Examinee tuning record then open CyberEar Verify the Offset box is set to zero Select the note you wish to measure The correct partials are already chosen If the reference string hasn t moved since you originally measured the Examinee tuning the Spinner will still be stopped If not use the Tune Box Listener or click on the Tune Box s cents up and down buttons until the Spinner stops For the stability section administer the three test blows then play the note Click on the Offset box Listener and or click on the Offset box s sharp and flat buttons until you see max
141. icon in the file window or 2 Choose Tuning Hammer in the View menu or 3 Press Command T Mac or Control T Win Some standard editing techniques e Undo Redo Cut Copy Paste Clear and Select All Click drag to select groups of tuning icons Shift click to select multiple records Discontinuous selections are supported e Shift arrow keys can be used to make a selection e Insertion point can be moved with the arrows keys or mouse and is used to indicate where to paste if no selection Erase data a special RCT feature will erase all data in all selected tunings Icon View When a pointer is over a record the tuning record number header and serial number are displayed at the top of the file window 93 The number of a particular tuning record can be determined by pointing at it with the mouse and looking at the top left corner of the file window or by adding the numbers at the left of that row and at the top of the column The total number of tunings in the file is shown at the bottom of the window The window can be resized but can be no smaller than is needed to view all tuning icons in the file Double click on a tuning record s icon to view its Chart The icon representing the record currently in the Chart window will have a marquee or marching ants around it even if the File window is not active Erase Data under the Edit menu erases all text from the selected record s or mult
142. iles for at least the first few weeks When RCT asks if you want to save a tuning file click Don t Save or Cancel Instead calculate a new tuning for every piano After using RCT for a while it ll be easier for you to learn how to manage RCT s tuning files and records Actually many RCT users even the most experienced don t save every record instead they create a new tuning for most pianos even if they ve tuned it before Why To insure the piano always receives the most accurate tuning Other visual tuning devices VTDs may use the term page for what RCT calls a tuning record Although they differ slightly Sanderson AccuTuner SAT pages and RCT tuning records can be translated and interchanged between your computer and a MIDI equipped SAT by using RCT s MIDI Control and some extra hardware See chapter 7 Using MIDI for more details A tuning file holds from 1 to 240 tuning records An RCT tuning file is a standard computer file and uses the standard document icon a page with its corner turned down An RCT tuning file can be stored in any folder double clicked to open it and its creator application in this case RCT dragged to the Trash Mac or Recycle Bin Win etc Think of a tuning record as one page in a book and a tuning file as the entire book A skinny book can have one page and a fat book can have 240 pages likewise a tuning file can contain anywhere from 1 to 240 tuning records You can store as many tuning
143. iliar with computers most of RCT s menu bar commands are familiar to you Save Save As Print etc If you re new to computers please refer to your computer manual or Operating System manual to learn about these common commands Other RCT menu commands Open Latest keeps a sub menu of the 8 most recently used tuning files This list may be empty if you haven t opened any RCT files yet Revert undoes changes to the current tuning file and goes back to the last saved version Extract Exam pulls PTG RPT Exam data out of a SAT file transferred via MIDI See the chapter Scoring the RPT Tuning Exam for more details Import translates tuning files from other platforms or other programs such as Tuning Manager The Edit menu has familiar commands like Undo Cut Copy Paste Clear and Select All In RCT these commands can act on words in headers or tuning records in Icon view with Tuning Hammer pointer selected The Edit menu also contains RCT specific commands Paste Blank puts an empty tuning record into the active tuning file Erase Data removes information in the chart cells of selected tuning records SoftKey lets you install and uninstall SoftKey the software version of RCT s security device SentinelKey Preferences lets you select various settings for display etc The Windows menu lets you open or go to any RCT module Use the Windows menu to jump between Chameleon 2 Custom Equalizer Interval Preview Graph
144. imum blush The Offset box will now be displaying the cents that the string drifted Transcribe that reading onto the stability section of the ETS Test Tuning Record form Don t click the Save Cents button Proceed to the next note Be sure to clear the Offset box reset it to 0 004 by clicking on the clear button before calibrating the Tune box to the next note s reference string Unisons For the unison section use the Tune box Listener and arrow buttons to stop the Spinner to the center string then mute the center string and open the left or right string Measure the open string by playing the note and using the Offset box Listener and or clicking on the Overpull box s sharp and flat buttons until the Spinner stops The Offset box reading is the unison error Transcribe that reading onto the Unison section of the ETS Test Tuning Record form Be sure to clear the Offset box reset it to 0 004 by clicking on the clear button before calibrating the Tune box to the next note s reference string 130 Appendix A Reyburn CyberTuner Innovations in Visual Tuning by Kent Swafford RPT RCT s ability to calculate slightly wider or narrower tunings is useful for all pianos but is particularly valuable on small pianos with high inharmonicity On these pianos two contiguous single octaves just don t fit very well into a double octave Commonly if octaves on these pianos were stretched the double octaves would be too wide and would beat
145. inal settings The graph and other sliders will return to their pre A5 tweaked positions 1 0 0 47 For this example we want slower 3rds near A2 so let s decrease A2 s stretch Move the A2 pointer from its present setting of 0 24 downwards till it s at 0 20 As expected the graph at A2 moves up showing us that A2 is now slightly higher in pitch a Custom Equalizer B 3 0 1 30 20 o ela a20 1 04 E 10 0 4 1 gt 04 10 4 2 10 2 tb lees 20 20 Ng more stretch eic more stretch a Y 0 14 0 20 0 96 42 9 Beats At A2 AS a ee Ces ents 5 OTS Difference Yamaha C3E 6 grand demo gt C lt B 8 280B T 8 32B D 0 63B CH2 If we were done tweaking a tuning in CEQ we can create a tuning record in two ways Most convenient is to click on CEQ s Calculate button Or we could click OK to close CEQ and return to Ch2 where CEQ s radio button would be selected then click Ch2 s Calculate button But we re not done learning CEQ So stay right here and get ready for more fun Aural Intervals graph Click on the button that says OTS Difference The graph will toggle to the Aural Interval graph The Aural Intervals graph shows the width of 3 2 5ths 3 1 12ths 6 3 octaves and 2 1 octaves If you chose low bass partial 12 in Ch2 it shows 12 6 octaves if you ve chosen low bass partial 10 it shows 1
146. incidences producing smooth parallel 5ths in the tenor while making only minor no pun intended sacrifices in parallel 3rds and 10ths Between F4 and B4 the CE display is stronger when using the 3rd partial because on most pianos it s louder than the 4th w Hint If CE has trouble hearing a note weak Spinner display try calculating another record using a different partial w Hint If the Spinner is set to Hertz beats instead of Cents it will rotate more slowly for an equal cents deviation when a lower partial is chosen such as 3 instead of 4 If so be sure to stop the Spinner more carefully or get a fuller Target blush When the Spinner is set to Cents it s immune to such sensitivity changes That s one reason why Cents is highly recommended and RCT s default Limits DMax and SOM Ch2 has a feature called Limits which helps insure that poorly scaled pianos will be optimally tuned There are two components to Limits Double Octave Maximum and Single Octave Minimum They work together to help create tuning records with the best possible compromises on pianos with less than perfect scaling Double Octave Maximum Double Octave Maximum DMax prevents A2 A4 from being too wide It does so by shrinking B A2 A3 and T A3 A4 Single Octave Minimum Single Octave Minimum SOM prevents DMax from making A2 A3 B and A3 A4 T too narrow SOM uses separate settings for T and B In Ch2 SOM and DMax are invoked automatically a
147. inelEve at full price More about installing RCT The Installer will put the new version of RCT and associated files into a folder named Reyburn CyberTuner 3 5 in the Application Mac or Program Files Win folder of your hard drive Installing to this location is recommended and may make future upgrades and installations simpler If you prefer a different location for RCT select a folder from within the Installer when prompted Older versions of RCT will be untouched by this installation However once the new version of RCT is installed and working properly we recommend the old version be removed from the hard drive after moving your tuning files to the new version s folder Otherwise there s a small chance an old version of RCT may start when an old RCT document is opened If you want to retain the older version of RCT make a backup copy on another drive To save old RCT files move them to the new RCT folder before putting the folder containing the old version of RCT into the Trash Recycle Bin The Installer gives you the option to open RCT automatically when the computer starts up If you change your mind about this later then drag the RCT alias shortcut in the Startup items folder to the trash recycle bin amp On Mac the startup alias is in Macintosh HD System Folder Startup Items HA The Win startup shortcut is in C WINDOWS Start Menu Programs StartUp The RCT Install program deletes the old RCT aliases shortcut
148. ing can be raised or lowered by either beats or cents Current pitch reading always displayed Can use tuning data created by many formats Chameleon 2 Chameleon 1 SAT manual input etc 13 Pianalyzer making piano tone visible Pianalyzer PAZ is a mini spectrum analyzer PAZ measures and displays cents deviation inharmonicity sustain time and volume for partials 1 to 16 for any note PAZ will quickly become your favorite research tool for studying tone and partials No longer do you need to wish for an extra 520 000 to spend on a fancy spectrum analyzer You can still wish for the extra 520 000 With the advent of PAZ piano tone can be discussed with objectivity and accuracy Compare the tone of two different pianos in far flung locations or track one piano s tonal changes over a twenty year period PAZ can overlay readings of two consecutive samples so the effects of voicing can be easily quantified For example compare volumes of a note s partials before and after needling The potential of PAZ is exciting and endless Because PAZ is so new you may discover uses for PAZ no one else has thought of If so please let us know There might be a free RCT T shirt in it for you Reyburn CyberTuner is the easy way to link your computer to any MIDI capable visual tuning device VTD such as an SAT Some common uses of RCT s MIDI Control transfer copies of another VTD s tunings to your computer for editing then transfer t
149. ing the PTG Registered Piano Technician tuning exam For more details please read Scoring the RPT Tuning Exam 22 chapter 2 CHAMELEON 2 Chameleon FRI Chameleon 2 Ch2 is RCT s main brain Ch2 calculates an 88 note tuning record by listening to sample notes of a piano using a microphone built in or external and the computer s digital audio capabilities Chameleon 2 creates a tuning record that can be named saved edited graphed searched and analyzed Easy Advanced mode for Ch2 Chameleon 2 has two modes Easy mode with fewer choices or Advanced mode with more choices Easy Easy la El a Advanced Advanced The first time RCT starts up Easy mode is selected To change modes click and drag the Easy Advanced switch or click the non selected end of the switch RCT remembers its mode when it quits and restores this mode the next time RCT opens In Easy mode all you do is sample the A notes and click Calculate then go to CyberEar and start tuning Easy mode makes all the decisions for you and is recommended for less experienced piano tuners or anyone learning to use RCT Many users like Easy mode so much they leave Ch2 in Easy mode forever Chameleon 2 EF xi Easy PARA a Y Advanced US Patent Variance Good Good Good Good Good 5719343 Easy mode automatically selects Octave Tuning Style 4 and Tuning Partials 6 6 and 3 Almost all pianos will sound very good with the
150. ing the Print Screen key On laptops it may be named PrtSc or PrntScrn This key is usually located near the F12 key Next and before doing anything else open a paint program such as Microsoft Paint and press Ctrl V After pasting the screenshot into MS Paint you can edit save and print the picture 103 chapter 7 UsING MIDI CAUTION If you are new to RCT read this entire section carefully first Your first MIDI transfer should be to send a copy of all pages in the memory of your Sanderson Accu Tuner SAT to your computer This section only applies to SATs equipped with MIDI If your SAT is not equipped with MIDI and you wish to convert it to MIDI capable contact Inventronics To transfer data between the SAT and your computer some additional hardware is required 1 MIDI interface also known as a MIDI converter 2 a pair of MIDI cables to link the MIDI interface to your SAT MIDI also works to transfer tuning records between computers running RCT or Tuning Manager on any platform mix or match It may not be as convenient as using floppy disks but it works Mac All Macs have built in networking called Appletalk If you want to transfer tuning files or any file between Macs just use a serial cable connected to the serial port same as a printer cable See your Mac documention for details To move MIDI files pull down the Windows menu and select MIDI Control The MIDI dialog box will appear
151. ions at the bottom of the Chameleon window 1 Lengths Millimeters or Inches All singing lengths must be either one or the other don t mix mm and inches 2 Wire Gauge Standard or Metric Only needed if you used wire gauge instead of actual micrometer measurement Tuning will be just slightly off if you use gauge numbers and set the Wire gauge type incorrectly 3 Al Wound Is Al single or double wound Double wound strings will have a short telltale step near each end 4 Bass Partial Fighth or Sixth This is the partial which Chameleon will use in the lowest Bass octave from A0 to G 1 only Use the 8th partial if possible it is closer to where most aural tuners listen If CyberEar has trouble hearing the 8th partial try plucking the string The tuning is not likely to be as accurate on most pianos if the 6th partial is used but may give a more readable pattern on CyberEar for some pianos When you are finished entering numbers press the Calculate button to calculate and store the tuning in the selected Calculate Tuning page After calculation the tuning header will contain something like B 30B T 30B D 70B This tells you how close to the requested ideal Chameleon could tune the piano The first section B 30B says that the octave A2 to A3 should beat 30 beats per second at the 6 3 octave check Confirm this by checking that the minor 3rd A2 C3 is about 1 3 BPS slower than the C3 A3 sixth The secon
152. iple records header sets all 88 partials to 1 fundamental and sets all 88 cents settings to 0 0 without removing the tuning record from the file Erase Data is different from Clear Clear like Cut reduces the number of tuning records in the file Erase Data does not If you make a mistake with Cut or Clear you can always Undo or Redo your most recent action or Revert to the last saved copy Cut copy and paste uses a private RCT clipboard for tunings The clipboard is available only within RCT and can t copy and paste into other programs The small eighth note symbol inside a record s icon indicates whether there is any data in a specific sample note C4 which is middle C RCT does not check for data in every cell because this would slow the program down unnecessarily RCT checks only the sample note since this is a commonly used temperament note and is unlikely to be blank in an actual piano tuning If the sample note s cents is 0 0 AND partial is 1 fundamental then RCT does not display an eighth note in the icon The view can be toggled between Icons and Headers with the view menu or by using the short cut Command I and Command H Mac or Control I and Control H Win Header View Any number of tuning headers to the maximum file size of 240 can be viewed The header view window can be resized but can be no smaller than is needed to view all tuning icons in the file if the view were set to icons The same tunings
153. is software or the SentinelKey SoftKey or otherwise use the software except as stated in this agreement If in the judgment of RPS you have tampered with or otherwise intentionally damaged the SentinelKey or decompiled disassembled reverse engineered copied transferred tampered or modified the Reyburn CyberTuner software Reyburn Piano Service Inc reserves the right to revoke your license and may at our option refuse sale of another Eve or another Reyburn CyberTuner license Limited Warranty Limitation Of Remedies Reyburn Piano Service Inc will replace at no charge defective diskettes that are returned within 30 days of the original date of purchase Reyburn Piano Service Inc warrants that the software will perform in substantial compliance with the written materials accompanying the software If you report a significant defect in writing to RPS and RPS is unable to correct in within 30 days of the date you report the defect you may return the software and accompanying materials for a refund of the purchase price less shipping By opening the sealed disk package you agree that the only remedy available to you will be a refund of the purchase price of this software program package Such warranties are in lieu of other warranties express or implied including but not limited to the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose with respect to the software and the accompanying written material
154. is type of tape measure the markings are in tenths and fiftieths of an inch instead of the normal 1 8 1 16 etc This is easier on the brain since no conversion from fractions to decimals is needed To measure singing length you should theoretically measure from the center of the bridge pin to the center of the agraffe or capo bar but in practice just hook the end of the tape over the far side of the bridge pin and measure to the far side of the agraffe or pressure bar and round up to the nearest millimeter or 1 16th inch If the overhang of your tape is too large to fit between the treble and bass strings cut it off to about 2 or 3 mm 1 8 to 3 16 with music wire cutters and file it smooth A little nameboard felt glued around the end of the tape measure s overhang may prevent scratching strings For A5 on grands use a thin ruler to reach as far under the capo bar as it will go A Starrett ruler that works wonderful for A5 Since A5 is usually about 8 5 215 mm long the standard 6 rule doesn t work very well This Starrett ruler is 12 long and is graduated in both millimeters and decimal inches It is model number C334 and costs about 27 This simple tool really speeds up measurements and increases accuracy Taping two 6 pocket rules together may work too 112 The measurement form the unwound end should be the average of the two unwound ends of that string if they are more than 1 mm different There are four opt
155. it the number in any cell in the chart Naturally any changes you make in the chart can be saved If you don t want to save your changes close the file and click the Don t Save button when you re asked if you want to save changes You can also pull down the File menu and select Revert which will display the file as it appeared when last saved 89 The File menu has an Import choice for importing files from the older RPS software program Tuning Manager RCT on any platform can import TM files saved by TM Mac or TM DOS RCT supports exchanging tuning files between Mac and Win here s how RCT Mac users can do a File Save or Finder copy to a IBM formated floppy disk using file names such as TUNINGS RCT The file name can be any length and upper or lower case doesn t matter Just add the extension RCT HST or EXM Make sure to enable the extension called PC Exchange to allow the Mac to read and write to IBM formatted disks HH RCT Win users should see RCT Mac or TM documents appear with the correct icon if RCT was installed with the RCT installer and if the documents have the correct extension RCT HST or EXM If not try installing RCT again Graph view El Tuning Graph Ei Ic 2 of 2 Steinway D 9 grand demo gt C lt B 8 24B T 8 32B D 8 580B CH2 AL c2 R2C3 R3 C4 R4 C5 AS CB AS C7 R1c2 A2 C3 AS C4 R4
156. l be redrawn For those so inclined and you know who you are this multi partial dynamicism will be endlessly fascinating and a powerful research tool Using CEQ Let s customize a tuning for our Demo Yamaha C3E Reminder The CEQ header should read Yamaha C3E 6 grand Demo If it doesn t please go to Ch2 and select the Yamaha C3 demo piano then return to CEQ The OTS Difference graph should be selected and its display mode should be cents Let s say we like the overall sound of OTS 4 for this piano but would like to make a few changes 1 We want the high treble a little sharper 2 We d like slightly less stretch in the tenor around A5 3 We prefer slower 3rds around A2 so we re going to decrease the stretch at A2 Choose OTS 4 by clicking on the OTS 4 radio button When you do an OTS 4 tuning is instantly calculated exactly as though you d chosen OTS 4 in Ch2 and clicked on the Calculate button In fact if you wanted a tuning using non customized OTS 4 you could click OK to exit CEQ then click Ch2 s Calculate button 45 Each slider s pointers are automatically set to the proper beat rate for OTS 4 and colored triangles appear next to each pointer These triangles show the original location for each pointer The triangle s color matches the color of the selected OTS radio button Low numbered OTSes use cooler colors and high numbered OTSes use hotter colors Qe 430 430 30 T Qe f E ae CE
157. lat When the Spinner moves to the right or left the numbers under the oval 104 25 50 etc and the oval s gray crescents can give a rough idea of the Spinner s location and therefore the note s deviation When the Spinner s centerpoint is directly over one of these numbers which will coincide with the Spinner s outer edge lining up with the edge of a crescent the note being played is off pitch by the number under the Spinner 62 In the following example the note being played is 104 flat RPS Inc 1998 Some laptop computers may not display all the shaded crescents because they aren t capable of such subtle shades of gray On these machines align the Spinner s centerpoint to the numbered scale under the oval The Spinner s diameter decreases as the note s volume decreases If the Spinner is noticeably smaller than the target the volume is too low for CE to accurately display the pitch and it s time to Play it again Sam The Spinner s hub size increases in proportion to the Spinner s shift to the left or right The hub size will increase even if the Target has shifted when displaying a calculated cents overpull in Pitch Raise mode explained in the Pitch Raising section below Target blushing When a string is very close to correct pitch a small dim circle called the blush appears inside the Target the dark ball behind the Spinner As the string gets closer to being perfectly tuned the
158. lect the tuning record you want to convert open User Temperaments and click Convert You can create more than one User Temperaments file Rename the original User Temperaments file or drag it to a new folder Create a new file and title it User Temperaments The next time you use the User Temperaments command locate and choose the new file The User Temperaments file included with RCT has a few User Temperaments already in it as examples w Hint To return a converted non equal temperament back to equal temperament re convert the non equal tuning record using a reciprocal User Temperament of the non equal temperament To create a reciprocal User Temperament set the 12 notes to the same cents setting but the opposite sign positive vs negative In other words if a User or Historical temperament used 0 4 for C4 to return that note to its equal temperament setting use 0 4 for C4 Tuning Doctor analyzes all tuning records in the open tuning file for unusual readings Select either cents or partials by clicking the appropriate radio button The partial check looks for any partial numbers that increase ascending from notes 1 to 88 Partial numbers normally stay the same or decrease as you go up the piano chromatically The cents check looks for a cents spike of twice the allowable error on the PTG tuning exam from plus or minus 2 0 cents in the midrange to 12 0 cents at the ends of the keyboard Tuning Doctor highligh
159. les and Tools The RCT video also has a great section on saving tunings If you re exchanging data between RCT and another MIDI capable device read Using MIDI Chameleon 1 has been superseded by Chameleon 2 so Chl is rarely if ever used If you want to learn about it anyway read Chameleon 1 Pianalyzer is RCT s very cool mini spectrum analyzer and you can learn about it in the chapter Pianalyzer RCT is approved by the Piano Technicians Guild for measuring and scoring the Registered Piano Technician tuning exam To learn more about this feature read Scoring the RPT Tuning Exam There may be a What s New file on your hard disk in the RCT folder This file may contain last minute info about RCT not included in this manual This manual covers both the Macintosh and Windows versions of RCT In most cases RCT works exactly the same on both platforms When noting small differences we ll let you know with a parenthetical Mac for Macintosh only stuff or Win for Windows only For differences requiring longer explanations we ll add cute little icons Macintosh Sf Windows The Appendix contains information on SentinelKey and SoftKey the software license agreement platform specific help for both Macintosh and Windows and a compendium of tips and tricks for using RCT Tuna fish When we designed RCT and wrote this manual we assumed you already knew basic piano tuning theory and have tun
160. lf when RCT quits If you ve used the 8va buttons to select a note for resampling the next A note will automatically be selected for resampling If you want to resample that note play it as per normal If you don t simply reclick an 8va button or re press the computer s arrow keys repeatedly until no more notes are selected If you want to resample a note before a note s three samples are completed use the 8va buttons or arrow keys to select an adjacent note then reselect that A note To stop a resample in process and restore that note s previous samples click the Stop button Occasionally a sampled string is wild beats against itself which can result in high variance numbers To obtain lower variances choose another string from that unison that is less wild or fix the cause of the string s wildness Also try sampling using two well 31 tuned strings of a unison or even three strings at A5 or A6 the coupling effect can sometimes smooth out one string s wildness Tips for Ch2 recording 1 Put the laptop or mic as close to the piano string as possible 2 Move or rotate the computer or mic if playing the note doesn t trigger Ch2 to start listening 3 On some low notes it may be helpful to pluck the string especially A1 4 Ch2 will successfully ignore most typical household noises but you may get better samples if it s quiet 5 Play each sample mezzo forte medium loud 6 Use the Redo button if a variance nu
161. lumn to see the octave The number at the right of each cell is the cents readings the single digit number to the left is the number of the partial Ch2 uses for that note Position the cursor over a cell and a small box at the top of the Tuning Chart window will display the note name and octave number For ease if identification the cell for A4 is highlighted with a bold border Pull down the View menu and notice that Partial Numbers is already selected Select Partial Name to cause the partials to change to note and octave designations This allows you to see the exact note Ch2 uses as a tuning partial There is also a header box in which you can type up to 70 characters RCT s Search command looks for matching characters in the header so what you type into the header can be useful later when you want to find a specific tuning record You might want to type in the model of the piano eg Steinway D or Lester spinet the piano s serial number 123456 and maybe the customer name e g Mary Smith or Acme Concert Hall For a more complete discussion of using headers and organizing files and records see chapter 2 Chameleon 2 By clicking on the arrows at the upper left the pitch of the entire tuning is adjustable from A390 to A490 by one tenth of a beat To adjust the pitch of A4 by 1 cent approximately 1 4 beat press the Command key Mac or Control key Win while clicking a pitch arrow key You can ed
162. m CyberEar with keyboard commands b Bi directional u Up only d Down only Pressing the command key Mac or Control key Win is not required You can view NoteSwitcher s direction from CyberEar The arrows inside the NoteSwitcher button on the CE screen tell the story bi directional up only down only w Hint Set NoteSwitcher to bi directional for fine tuning and up only for pitch raising If the room is very noisy NoteSwitcher might go a little crazy and you might prefer to turn NoteSwitcher off NoteSwitcher can be toggled on and off in two ways The first method is to click the NoteSwitcher button The second method is to press the L key which will toggle NoteSwitching between Locked on and Locked off To see if NoteSwitcher is on or off look at CE s NoteSwitcher button ae 2 NoteSwitcher on NoteSwitcher off 67 Space bar note switching Pressing the space bar makes CE note switch up Holding down the spacebar will continuously note switch up If a note is sounding while the space bar is pressed note switching may be slow and erratic When the note stops sounding CE will switch up properly A non techie explanation Sometimes CE can t do everything at once and it has to decide which task to do first listening to a note has a higher priority than spacebar note switching w Hint If NoteSwitcher gets stuck CE won t switch to the next note when you play it play the note in the Note Selectio
163. master tuned piano it s a good idea to store copies of the various master tunings in a separate folder named Master Tuning Library To create a Master Tuning Library pull down the File menu select New and when asked to save and name this file type in Master Tuning Library Click OK To place a copy of a Master Tuning into the Master Tuning Library open the Exam file that contains the Master Tuning select the Master Tuning record by clicking once with the Tuning Hammer pointer pull down the Edit menu and select Copy pull down the File menu and select Open click on the Master Tuning Library file and click OK then pull down the Edit menu and select Paste To put the appropriate saved Master Tuning record in a new exam file open the Master Tuning Library click the Tuning Hammer pointer on the correct Master Tuning record pull down the Edit menu and select Copy open or create the new exam file select the new master Tuning record by clicking on it and pull down the Edit menu and select Paste An advanced alternate method of using multiple Master tuning records In the Finder open the folder containing an RCT Exam tuning file with the Master Tuning for the current exam piano Make a copy of that file and paste it into the desired location Name it appropriately and overwrite the Examinee record Recording A4 s pitch To record A4 s pitch open RCT s A4 Pitch tuning record 6 A4 Pitch Open CE and select A4 Partial 1
164. mber is Poor or above 50 Actually on most pianos you should expect Good or variances below 25 But don t fret if variance numbers stay high It may be the best the piano is capable of Demo Demo button Q Ch2 s Demo button holds permanently saved partial ladders from 5 pre sampled pianos The Demo pianos are real pianos that Dean sampled and loaded into Ch2 s programming The Yamaha C3E grand is in his living room When you select a Demo piano a complete set of samples is loaded into Ch2 exactly as if you d sampled a real piano After selecting a Demo piano click OK to close the Demo dialog box If you re in Advanced Mode you can select an OTS and tuning partials Ch2 s five Demo pianos are 1 Kimball spinet 2 Everett console 3 Kawai UST7 studio upright 4 Yamaha C3E 6 grand 5 Steinway D 9 grand In Advanced mode the variance numbers will be 0 00 Dean loaded one sample three times In Easy mode variance will be listed as Demo The Demo piano s name is automatically entered into its Tuning Chart s header box After selecting a Demo piano to reload the samples and variances of the piano most recently recorded back into Ch2 click the Demo button and select Restore last recorded piano Demo tunings should be used only for pitch raising and experimentation and not for fine tuning Easy Mode Users If you re using Easy mode your next step is to click the Calculate button
165. me the file Select Save under the file menu and if it s the first time the file has been saved you ll see a window where you can type in a name for this tuning file Name it anything you like but we recommend you identify it as an exam file to differentiate it from a customer file and include the examinee s name and the exam date For example you might name the file Exam John Smith Dec 12 1997 We also recommend you save to disk often when measuring and recording a master tuning or examinee tuning Recording a Master Tuning or Examinee Tuning In general the same procedures are used for recording a master tuning or an examinee tuning 1 Open RCT 2 Under the File menu select New Exam 3 Click on the appropriate record either 1 EEE or 3 SUP All notes will already be set to their correct exam partials and their cents readings will be zero 4 T open CyberEar click on the Spinner icon at the upper right Alternate methods pull down the Windows menu and select CyberEar press the Command Mac or Control Win key and type the letter R 122 5 In CyberEar click the Spinner button located to the left of the octave down button Verify that Spinner sensitivity is set to 2 revolution second and that Smoothing and Targeting are checked Click OK or press the Return or Enter key 6 Back in CyberEar verify that the Offset box is 0 00 If not click the adjacent small c button to clear it to zero V
166. measured and its overpull calculated R4 86 To erase a note s measurement click on the Progress Bar immediately above the note the grey area over the note will become blank to indicate the note s measurement has been erased The grey area over each note is fairly small and it may take you a few tries before you learn where to click Click on the Progress Bar to erase and re record a note if its measurement was faulty or incorrect for example if CE accidentally was set to the wrong note if you played the incorrect note or if you accidentally measured a string of an A you d previously tuned to pitch to allow taking samples prior to a pitch raise LPWN indicator triangle A triangle over the graphic keyboard indicates the Lowest Plain Wire Note LPWN that you specified in the Pitch Raise dialog box Since the pitch raise overpull percentage changes from 12 to 32 at the LPWN it s a good idea to check the triangle to make sure the LPWN is set correctly 7T Pitch Raising tips A tuning record must be used when pitch raising Why Because there must be a target pitch for CE to overshoot for each note Pitch raising is a relatively imprecise process so the accuracy of this tuning record is not crucial It s OK to use a tuning record from another piano one of Ch2 s Demo pianos of a similar model After the pitch raise is completed we recommend you create a new tuning record with samples from the piano you ve just pitch raised
167. menu and contains 6 standard PTG RPT Exam tuning records 139 A Tuning Exam files on Windows have an EXM extension Ds 3 Exam 6 A User Temperament RCT document file notice the H in the icon One of these comes with RCT To create another simply duplicate this file in the Finder or Open it with RCT and choose Save As The first time you select User Temperaments in RCT s Tools menu you will select one of these normally the file shown below as your default User Temperaments file HA User Temp s files on Windows have an HST extension El User Temperaments 7 The RCT Prefs file stores all of the user settings for RCT RCT creates this file from scratch whenever it s not found in its usual place If RCT is behaving strangely this file may be damaged Trash or Recycle RCT Prefs to sometimes cure problems however if you do that all the user settings such as spinner colors etc will revert to Factory Defaults and you will need to reinstall SoftKey On Mac this file is in the Preferences folder inside the System folder 39 On Windows RCT Prefs is in the Windows folder RCT Win stores the the calibration cents in RCT Prefs Make sure to reenter the calibration cents if you delete this file m Q RCT Prefs 8 A standard read only Read me file Its a good idea to read these They often contain info which was to late to make it into this manual What s new What s new for 3 5 for 3 5
168. menu to see the list of available RCT formats Tuning File Historical Temperament PTG Exam File Pitch Raise Overpull Old Tuning File Old Historical Temperament Old PTG Exam Old files are those created by RCT 3 0 or earlier New files are those created by RCT 3 5 or those that have been converted from old to new In the Save and Save As Dialog boxes please notice the rctx button This button will change names to match the file type selected Old file types have three letters in their extensions and new file types have four letters Clicking on this button will automatically append the correct extension to the name of the file rctx Tuning File hist Historical Temperament ptgx PTG Exam File prop Pitch Raise Overpull rct Old Tuning File hst Old Historical Temperament xm Old PTG Exam In RCT 3 5 for Macintosh you can go to Preferences under the Edit menu and check a box to automatically put the correct Windows extensions after all file names Turning on this options helps make it easier to share RCT files between RCT Mac and RCT Win Moving to CyberEar To open CE click on the CyberEar button in the chart window You can also pull down the Windows menu and select CyberEar type Command R Mac or Control R Win or because the CyberEar button is a default button press the Return or Enter key 60 chapter 3 CYBEREAR CyberEar E by Dean L Reyburn RPT Is Patent 5773737 O RPS I
169. motherboard logic board or sound card A quartz pitch source we call a CyberFork grin is included with every copy of RCT The CyberFork generates a very stable A440 tone that it can output two ways electronically and as audio Each CyberFork has been carefully tested and verified as stable to 0 01 If the CyberFork has a measurable pitch offset it s written on its back For example if the CyberFork s pitch output is 439 90 Hz you ll see written on its back 0 40g You ll calibrate RCT Win in CyberEar at note A4 at its fundamental Therefore before calibrating your computer make sure all RCT tuning files and records are closed before opening CyberEar which will ensure that A4 s first partial will be used Your goal is to have RCT measure the CyberFork s pitch at the same pitch the CyberFork generates in other words after calibration RCT should measure the CyberFork at the same pitch written on the CyberFork The most accurate calibration method is to electronically connect the CyberFork and your computer using a 1 8 audio cable included The direct connect electronic method is accurate to about 40 014 If your computer doesn t have a mic in or line in jack calibrate your computer using the A440 audio tone from the CyberFork s speaker and your computer s microphone internal or external Because sound can be ever so slightly distorted as it moves through air calibrating with an audio tone is slightly less accurate than
170. n box then play the next note again NoteSwitcher will probably switch just fine Here s a non technical explanation NoteSwitcher sometimes gets lost playing the selected note helps it remember where home is ka Hint Laptop computers automatically go to sleep Mac or suspend Win if there s been no event e g mouse click or key press during a time period specifiable in the Laptop computer Control Panel In CyberEar an event includes CE hearing a strong pitch or any NoteSwitcher action In other words the computer will not auto sleep if during the specified time period CE hears a note or if NoteSwitcher has switched to a different note XA Windows On some models note switching may not keep the laptop awake Most Windows laptops can Suspend from the Start menu If your laptop suspends by itself too soon this can usually be changed in a battery or power management Control panel Mac To put your computer to sleep in CE press the Z key To spin down your computer s hard disk in CE press the H key Tuning Modes CyberEar has three tuning modes selected with the popup menu or keyboard commands Normally CE starts up with Fine Tune mode selected You can change the default tuning mode and the start note by clicking the Prefs button and selecting the desired start mode and note Fine Tune m Fine Tune mode is the most commonly used tuning mode It s the recommended mode for pianos that are
171. n choice and sounds good on almost all pianos That s why OTS 4 is used for Easy Mode 34 O Q amp A Question How do I know which OTS to choose Does wide stretching work well on all pianos What OTS should I use for spinets Answer OTS 4 approximates a typical tuning style for most professional piano tuners on most home pianos If you want to use only one OTS use OTS 4 if so you might prefer to leave Ch2 in Easy Mode which uses OTS 4 exclusively and uses the most common partial choices too Other OTSes that are typical are OTS 3 a little less stretched and OTS 5 a little more OTSes 1 and 2 are used less often usually only on Asian pianos with low inharmonicity which you want to tune with very quiet octaves Wider OTSes such as OTS 6 7 8 and 9 are used most often on large grands These wide tunings are preferred by concert tuners willing to accept beating double octaves and buzzy 17ths in order to get more sparkle and lift in their tunings A word of warning pushing the stretch past OTS 6 is neither for the faint of heart nor the inexperienced Some pianos sound good with extra wide stretch and some don t if you don t have enough experience to tell the difference stick with a more typical OTS such as 4 Furthermore if a room s humidity increases a super stretched tuning could be pushed over the cliff Generally we recommend that wide OTSes such as 6 7 or 8 be used only on long well scaled large grand piano
172. nc 1998 Tune Dffset 1 30 E O cot EE rm T 2 STEINHAY D 9 GRAND lt DEMO gt gt 4 lt B 0 28B T 0 32B D 0 63B CH2 What does CyberEar do CyberEar CE measures the pitch of a piano string and displays its deviation Usually the deviation is relative to a notes cents reading in a cell of a Ch2 tuning record CyberEar can use tuning records that were created by another source Chl recorded aural tuning another VTD etc Tf neither a tuning record nor tuning file are open when you select CE deviation is from pure 0 00 equal temperament How do I choose a tuning record for CE to use CyberEar uses the tuning record that s open or selected in a file when CyberEar is selected If a tuning file is open but no tuning record is open nor selected CyberEar uses the last tuning record in the tuning file If you accidentally select more than one tuning record the first record in the selected group will become CE s active record Measuring deviation from pure 0 00 equal temperament If neither a tuning record nor tuning file is open when you open CyberEar CyberEar will display pitch deviation from theoretically pure equal temperament 0 00 cents for all notes The Tuning Partials the note at which CE is listening will be partial 1 fundamental for notes Al and higher and partial 2 for notes A0 to G 1 61 Identifying Notes You can see which note is selected for tuning in two places on the CE scre
173. ng a tuning described below To leave CyberEar click the Done button or to also select where you want to go pull down the Windows menu and make a selection RCT Exam Procedures Starting an exam session Open RCT pull down the File menu and choose New Exam A new RCT tuning file will automatically be created It will contain six exam tuning records 121 TH Tuning Headers I 1 EXAMINEE CEEE PCN 1 7 000000 2 POINTS POT PCN 1 7 000000 3 MASTER SUP 514259 4 DIFFERENCE DFF 000000 5 DETUNING CUUU 000000 6 A4 PITCH 000000 6 Tunings in file If RCT is set to Icon View you ll see the same tuning file but in another display mode In Icon View each tuning record is displayed as a piano icon You can still identify the various records because each piano icon will contain the first letter of its name Untitled SAT Exam exm OP ES TH 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 LIN 20 40 60 6 Tunings in file The first five records are in the same order and have the same functions as their corresponding pages on the SAT The sixth record A4 Pitch is used only for measuring and recording one note A4 for the exam s Pitch section Don t move or rearrange these tuning records RCT expects these records in this exact order when calculating an examinee s score or calculating a detuning Immediately after creating this tuning file we recommend you save to disk and na
174. ng chart window press the GRAPH button 96 or choose the Window menu Graph item to see a graph of the tuning in the tuning chart window The two windows can be viewed at the same time if you have a large enough screen or two monitors and any change in the tuning chart numbers will immediately be reflected in the graph When you view the graph of a piano tuning you normally see several curves or lines which end with a number to the right This number is the partial number of the notes to the left The graph function adds another dimension to piano tuning After you have seen a number of tunings graphed it is possible to quickly spot errors in a tuning Look for these irregularities 1 A partial number out of place or extra may mean a partial that is in error 2 A steep spike in the graph may indicate an error Some pianos will have a rather bumpy tuning curve to keep the aural check proper so be careful what you assume is a mistake 3 Unusual partials such as 9 or 11 may indicate an error 4 Partial numbers scattered around or on top of a curve partials usually only change every octave or two Search Menu Find Tuning and Find Again will locate a specific tuning in the currently open tuning file The 70 byte header attached to each tuning will be searched for any combination of characters You can enter a search phrase of any length and it will be found no matter where in the header it s located The se
175. ng file select Save under the File menu 56 Using headers to organize records The information you put into each record s header is important because a header serves as the name for a record There are four features of RCT that affect how headers can be used to organize tuning records 1 In File View by Icon each piano icon contains the first letter in its header 2 In File View by Icon when the cursor magnifying glass or hammer is over a piano icon the entire header of that tuning record is displayed 3 In File View by Header the entire header for each record is displayed in a scrolling list 4 The Sort command under the Tools menu alphabetizes all tuning records in one tuning file by the contents of the record s header Basically there are two choices for the header s first word the customer name or the piano name Using the piano name can help you create a file of common piano models Every time you see a piano you can check your file to see if you ve already saved one of this model and if so you can re use the saved record After you ve created a large Piano Library you ll have a bank of tunings you can use to tune a piano if it s ever too noisy for Ch2 to take samples Using the customer name as the header s first word can help you create a Customer Library This makes sense if you want to use the same record every time you visit a customer Use this to your competitive advantage to market your RCT enh
176. ng headers to organize records 55 Using this manual 1 Variance iei e aM 29 MOLI tato feq ri 104 View menu 20 87 Virtual direct interval tuning 12 Virtual Memory 8 Voicing o oo o ooooo o 13 99 Winding CIA o o 110 Winding Diameter 109 Window menu 15 109 Wire Gauge 111 Zeroed ratio 43 145
177. ng record will be pasted at the cursor s location If you d rather the new file be the last tuning record click after the last record before selecting Paste Blank Open 99 this record and enter cents offsets describing your User Temperament Be sure to enter the name of your User Temperament into the header Only 12 offsets need be entered into a User Temperament tuning record which are the cents offsets from standard equal temperament for each note All notes with the same letter name are sharpened or flattened the same amount RCT uses the lowest 12 notes that are non zero You may enter your offsets into any octave you prefer but we recommend that you include middle C as one of the notes so the eighth note symbol appears in the piano icon in the File Window RCT ignores the partials in User Temperament files As with RCT s Historical Temperaments any OTS or CEQ setting can be applied to any User Temperament before or after conversion A sample file called User Temperaments is included with RCT To view or use it under the Tools menu select User Temperaments If it s the first time User Temperaments has been opened you ll may see a dialog box asking you to open User Temperaments It s normally in the folder RCT Documents After it s been opened once RCT will open User Temperaments automatically After selecting User Temperaments a list of User Temperaments will appear It works just like Historical Temperaments you first se
178. nge A4 s pitch click on the pop up menu and select a new pitch anywhere from A435 to A444 2440 If you select Other a window will open where you can enter a cents offset for A4 s pitch of plus or minus 1200 00 cents a total of two octaves Any non zero Other offset will be displayed in the closed popup menu When you open the pitch popup menu hold the mouse down the Other setting is also displayed as the bottommost item For safety the pitch popup menu defaults to A440 when RCT quits If the pitch popup menu is set to a non A440 pitch CE gives you an extra reminder with a or flat symbol over a grayed tuning fork Eje y ees x The Offset box can also affect the pitch of CE so it will display a or flat symbol to the right of the pitch popup menu as a reminder ec auo 8 ec a0 b To quickly reset the pitch popup menu to A440 click the left sharp or flat symbol Mac only Click on the popup menu You don t need to select A440 or enter 0 00 in the Other window RCT uses the exact pitch in hertz For instance A442 is not 8 0 cents but 7 92 cents and that s rounded to the nearest hundredth of a cent Tf the Pitch popup menu is set to non A440 or Other is set to non zero a sharp or flat symbol will be superimposed over the tuning fork to the left of the pitch popup menu If the Offset box is set to a non zero number a sharp or flat symbol will appear to the right of the pitch po
179. no Service Inc Obviously Dean knows the program pretty well Mitch Kiel RPT is also a professional piano technician Mitch first saw Reyburn CyberTuner a few months before its initial release when Dean asked him to be a beta tester aka guinea pig and later author of this manual One guy who knows the program intimately and another who had to learn it from scratch We think it s a winning combination for creating an easy to read and complete manual Please read this Reyburn CyberTuner RCT is not copy protected you can make as many copies as you wish However RCT is execution protected meaning it will not run unless the SentinelKey hardware security device included with purchase is attached to your computer or SoftKey is installed laptops only SoftKey is a software version of SentinelKey which when installed lets RCT run without SentinelKey Complete instructions for installing SentinelKey and SoftKey are in your Getting Started Manual and in this User Manual s chapter 1 Getting Started Using Reyburn CyberTuner for the first time indicates your acceptance of the software license agreement notification of copyright in the Appendix Please read it carefully before proceeding Are you computer savvy We assume you already know how to perform basic computer operations opening files using a mouse saving documents pulling down menus etc If not please do the following before reading this manual or using RCT St
180. no is at pitch we strongly recommend you to create another tuning record to use for your Fine Tuning pass Why Because a piano s inharmonicity is affected by tension of the string so after a pitch raise a string s partial ladder may have changed significantly Furthermore some thoughtful piano engin ears suspect inharmonicity is affected by the stiffness of the soundboard which varies with downforce which is affected by overall string tension So for maximum accuracy we recommend you calculate a new tuning record after a pitch change of 87 10g or more This effect has been noticed in climates where a piano s pitch changes a lot between seasons 3 Sometimes a note s pitch is so low it won t trigger Pitch Raise mode s original pitch measurement in other words the Spinner ball won t fill in The outer limit for triggering notes is about 50 in the bass in the treble it s about 80 cents If you encounter this problem try tuning the note up slowly until it triggers the ball to fill in Once it triggers stop raising the string s pitch till measuring is completed as indicated by the Spinner ball being filled in and the Original Pitch box has a new reading Another trick is to set NoteSwitcher for up only and to manually noteswitch up press the spacebar or the up arrow key then play the note 4 If you ll be creating another Ch2 record for Fine Tuning don t bother typing any info in the header of the pitch raise tuning record L
181. note s cents value in tuning number 1 is added to the same note s cents value in tuning number 2 and the result is stored in the same note in tuning number 3 This tool can be useful for modifying tunings is special ways such as custom historical temperaments that use more than 12 offsets Historical Temperaments The Historical Temperaments tool will covert an equal temperament tuning record to one of 57 built in historical temperaments described in the classic reference Tuning by Owen Jorgensen Open the chart or graph of a tuning record or use the tuning hammer pointer to select a record from a tuning file Pull down the Tools menu and select Historical Temperaments A dialog box will appear The record number of the tuning about to be converted will be shown in the Convert Tuning box If you want to convert a different tuning enter the number of that tuning record into the Convert Tuning box Select a historical temperament from the scrolling window Page is the page number from Owen Jorgenson s Tuning Click Convert The tuning record will now be converted from equala temperament into the historical temperament you selected We recommend you next immediately enter new header info describing the historical temperament used You might want to keep all converted tuning records in a separate file Convert only an equal temperament record If you convert an already converted Historical temperament the result will be bi
182. ntered on the shifted target and you re done 5 Play the next note up NoteSwitcher will automatically switch to that note Wait for Spinner ball to fill in as CE records and analyzes this new note s pitch raise amount and overpull The target will shift you tune the string etc Large PR is recommended when the piano is 100g or more off pitch The oval s scale will increase to 200g Unlike other PR modes in Large PR mode no note measuring is done Instead CE assumes the piano is 100g off pitch and overshoots each note by the same number of cents as its overpull percentage see Overpull percentage charts Depending on where you ve set the Bass and Treble Overpull Cap settings in the Pitch Raise dialog box some notes may have their cents overpulls constrained In Large PR mode the Spinner is a solid ball Note Tuning Order in Pitch Raise modes In all pitch raise modes you should start tuning at note A0 and proceed up the keyboard to C8 tuning unisons as you go The overpull percentages used by CE are optimized for this procedure Other procedures will be less accurate probably requiring more overpull If you insist on another procedure try selecting high overpull percentages in the Pitch Raise dialog box w Hint You can set each tuning mode to its own color and Spinner rate Mitch sets Fine Tune to blue and 2 0 rev sec Small PR to red and 4 0 rev sec Medium PR to green and 8 0 rev sec Large PR to hot pink which
183. nterests you remember that as octaves ascend beat speeds double for the same cents differential This means a 2 cent narrow fifth in octave 4 will beat approximately 1 bps but a 2 cent narrow fifth in octave 5 will beat twice as fast at 2 bps theoretically Create a library of your own personal User Settings After using CEQ for a while you may find some CEQ settings that you like better than a stock OTS You may also decide that a certain CEQ setting works especially well for a certain piano model For example you may decide that a Steinway D concert piano sounds best with OTS 7 a little extra stretch at A5 tons of extra stretch at A7 and slightly less stretch at A2 But Steinways vary a lot even within the same model so you don t want to use the same tuning record on a different model D Instead you d save this as a User Setting named Steinway D special sparkle and apply it to your other Steinway D pianos Using CEQ an aural tuning can be closely matched Then a similar CEQ tuning record can be calculated which will have much better note to note consistency It s possible to use the Tuning Graph not the OTS CEQ difference graph in CEQ to infer interval widths especially the 3rd and 2nd partial lines for the interval of a 5th for notes D4 to G 5 as described above If these graph lines are nearly parallel then the narrowness of the Sths is relatively consistent On the other hand if the 2nd partial line is steepe
184. ntire piano you can expect C4 s pitch to be very close to 5 0 This simplified example does not include overpull averaging explained below and is therefore for illustration purposes only As you can see CE uses many different overpull percentages These numbers were derived experimentally from data gathered by Dean He tuned hundreds of pitch raises recording the pitches of the notes before and after the pitch raise After substantial analysis and ongoing refinement this chart was created These percentages will get most pianos very close most of the time Pitch Raise Percentage Slider You can change all the overpull percentages in one percent increments as much as 5 percent In the pitch raise dialog box Click on the Adjust Overpull tube or click and drag the pointer 80 Custom Overpull Percentage Charts For even more control of overpull percentages you can create an unlimited number of custom overpull charts in which you can write any percentage overpull for any note This might be useful if you tune many pianos that behave unusually for example if you tune for a busy dealer that sells a model of spinet with unusual ribbing or scale breaks To create a new Custom Overpull Chart select Open under the File menu In the RCT 3 5 folder open the folder RCT documents Open the file Custom Overpull A standard RCT tuning file will open inside of which are two tuning records Standard RCT Overpull Chart and Yamaha GH1 Custom Over
185. ny new possibilities including tuning with one partial and checking with another Excerpted from the January 1997 issue of the Piano Technicians Journal Reprinted by permission 1997 Piano Technicians Journal This article reflects only the opinion of the author and is not an endorsement either explicit or implied by the Piano Technicians Guild 132 Appendix B The SentinelKey Hardware Key Reyburn Piano Service is a very small company creating software for a very small market Without some form of copy protection we couldn t afford to develop or support such high quality specialized software The SentinelKey is RCT s very simple and user friendly protection system It s a small gray unit included with every purchase of RCT To prevent unauthorized use RCT will not run unless SentinelKey is plugged into your computer or unless SoftKey its software equivalent is installed on your computer SoftKey only installs on laptop computers SentinelKey and SoftKey installation procedures are described in the Getting Started chapter and in the separate Getting Started manual An unlimited number of copies of RCT may be made but SentinelKey and SoftKey permit RCT to run on only one computer at a time The proper term for this is execution protection If RCT came pre installed on your computer SoftKey is already installed and enabled This means you can use RCT immediately and don t need to attach SentinelKey or install SoftKey However yo
186. ny other method such as tuning one string per note then pulling up the unisons you ll probably need more overpull To compensate use a higher overpull 96 especially in the treble And be prepared to make an extra pass to compensate for the possible decreased accuracy Notes Recorded Just above the Start New and OK buttons is the Notes Recorded box which displays the number of notes that have already been measured and recorded during the most recent pitch raise The number in this box will exactly correspond to the number of notes over which appear the Pitch Raise Progress Bar This information can help you decide whether to click on the Start New or OK buttons see below Start New and OK buttons Start New Cancel As you may recall to help create smoother and more accurate pitch raises in Medium and Small pitch raise modes the original cents readings of up to five previous notes are saved and averaged with the selected note These five previous note readings are automatically erased when you quit RCT But you may want to pitch raise another piano without first quitting RCT so we need a way to make sure the five previous notes from pitch raise 1 don t get averaged in with any notes from pitch raise 2 RCT helps you manage this with the Start New button and OK button in the Pitch Raise dialog box Clicking on Start New button erases all previously recorded notes so you can start a new pitch raise Clicking on OK re
187. o be told to stop shrinking the single octaves That s why we need the additional safety feature Single Octave Minimum or SOM Tenor single octaves that are substantially narrow tend to sound pretty awful and are almost always avoided by aural tuners If a 4 2 A3 A4 octave was tuned narrow the F3 A3 3rd would beat faster than the F3 A4 10th Rather than let the A2 A3 and A3 A4 single octaves become narrow it d be better to allow the A2 A4 double octave to expand past normal That s what SOM does SOM makes sure B and T are never less than their SOM setting which is usually close to zero or pure 39 Essentially SOM keeps its eye on DMax and whenever DMax tries to narrow T and B too much SOM grabs control and overrides DMax SOM expands the A2 A4 double octave past its DMax setting until it s wide enough to contain the SOM sized A2 A3 and A3 A4 single octaves To restate it succinctly DMax overrides B and T but SOM overrides DMax In earlier versions of RCT 1 x you had to do manually what SOM now does automatically For example when tuning a piano you suspected of poor scaling after calculated a tuning you looked carefully at the predicted beat rates If you saw negative predicted beat rates for A2 A3 and A3 A4 you selected a wider OTS or opened the old Custom window and typed in new setting for DMax then calculated another tuning You d repeat this procedure until T and B were acceptable typically near 0 00 With SOM
188. oo wide and the 2 1 single octave partials from beating too fast If the single octaves sound too narrow on these pianos simply re calculate the tuning telling Chameleon to use a wider tuning style When Chameleon uses your tuning preferences it will replicate the tuning style in the A2 A4 temperament up and down the piano giving a smooth transition between sections of the piano The Octave Tuning Styles radio buttons function the same as they do for Chameleon 2 see the Chameleon 2 chapter for more details 114 chapter 9 SCORING THE RPT TUNING EXAM In this chapter we ll learn how to use RCT for measuring and scoring the Registered Piano Technician tuning exam It also includes descriptions of many basic RCT operations because we wrote it as a unified guide for CTEs with little experience with RCT If you re already familiar with RCT operations some information may be repetitive Overview Reyburn CyberTuner RCT is software that turns a portable computer into a stand alone visual tuning device If you re already a CTE RCT will be easy for you to learn because its exam procedures are very similar to those of other approved devices When used to measure and score the RPT Tuning Exam RCT can measure and record a master tuning and an examinee tuning auto calculate points off difference and a de tuning measure deviation for pitch unisons and stability display charts and graphs of a master tuning examinee tuning
189. or a User Setting click on its radio button then click Edit The Edit User Settings window will open Edit User Settings User Settings x AD A1 A2 A3 DTS A5 AB A 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 o oo 0 00 0 00 beats offset from standard OTS Cancel In the Edit User Settings window the User Setting name is displayed above the set of labelled boxes The middle box displays the OTS number The other boxes display the slider s offset from the OTS s original setting in other words how far you moved a slider from where CEQ set it The numbers in the OTS box and slider boxes can be edited If you re not careful here you can make a tuning that sounds really crazy so use extreme caution To save your edits click OK To save and apply the edited settings click OK to exit to the User Settings window then click Apply 53 Limits are not saved when saving a User Setting This means whatever the current Limits are will be applied to a selected User Setting User Settings can be a little confusing You might be puzzled that the User Settings specs in the Edit User Settings window are not the same as CEQ s pointer or indicator boxes but that s normal User Settings indicate how much an OTS has been altered in other words how far you moved the pointers not the actual pointer setting whereas CEQ s indicator boxes and pointers show deviation from beatless octaves How should I use CEQ Tune the piano and listen to it If the
190. or more tips w Hint Noise bothers Ch2 more than CE Keeping a large bank of tunings can save your bacon if you re in a situation too noisy for Ch2 to take decent samples For super noisy nightmares e g many pianos tuners one room get a magnetic Fairchild Accu Pickup from Inventronics Tuning Record Headers When Chameleon 2 is finished calculating a new tuning record it places information in the header indicating the OTS and the predicted beat rates of octaves A2 A3 and A3 A4 and double octave A2 A4 This helps you predict what the tuning will sound like before you actually tune the piano For example 55x B 0 30B T 0 38B D 0 73B means Octave Tuning Style 5 was selected the Bass 6 3 octave at A2 A3 will be 0 30 bps wide the Treble 4 2 octave at A3 A4 will be 0 38 bps wide and the 4 1 Double octave at A2 A4 will be 0 73 bps wide Headers can hold up to 70 characters including spaces Type other information in the header if you wish but don t let the information RCT has placed in the header get pushed off the end if you do it will be lost when the window is closed or another field is made active To avoid this select the blank space by double clicking anywhere in the blank space then type in the piano or customer info Stop typing before the OTS info is pushed off the header If you like use extra spaces for separators w Hint Immediately after calculating a new tuning record enter header info then save the tuni
191. orm 2 1 octaves that are wide even though the 4 2 octaves may be correct The major thirds may be slow So in order to tune these notes that because of high inharmonicity measure both too sharp and too flat depending on which intervals are checked compromise is in order but the solution will be different for different pianos both because scales differ so widely from piano to piano and because of the new flexibility of CyberTuner On well scaled pianos it will make little difference whether notes in the tenor are tuned 131 from their third or fourth partials However many piano scales are imperfect and I am convinced that tuning the lower plain wire strings from the third partial will by itself provide a big improvement in the tunings of many pianos When a VTD tunes a note with unusually high inharmonicity from the third partial instead of the fourth the first and second partials will be less flat the third partial will be right and the fourth and fifth partials will be sharp This means the 2 1 octave while still wide Will be less so and the 4 2 octave will be a bit narrower than if it had been tuned from the fourth partial In other words a VTD using the third partial to tune plain wire tenor strings which have unusually high inharmonicity should provide a better compromise than tuning from the fourth partial by automatically splitting the inharmonicity induced error between the 2 1 and 4 2 octaves After all a VTD that is
192. ort reyburn com Don t type the caret marks lt and gt Email sent to support reyburn com is forwarded directly to Dean or Mitch depending on who s answering support questions that week Please send email to this address rather than directly to Dean or Mitch Your second choice is more communal and probably more fun CTuner is a free listserv wholly dedicated to RCT Listserv is a term for an email discussion group in which messages are automatically posted to and from all subscribers CTuner is a great way to learn about RCT because Dean Mitch and many advanced RCT users are subscribers We all love to talk about RCT so if you post a question you ll probably receive lots of interesting answers After you get a few pianos under your CyberBelt you might even want to answer a CTuner question All registered users of RCT are eligible to become CTuner subscribers To use CTuner the only hardware you need is your computer and a modem To connect to the Internet you need to sign up with an Internet Service Provider ISP Most ISP s will assist you in connecting to the Internet To subscribe to CTuner send email to lt majordomo reyburn com gt and in the body of the message write subscribe ctuner Don t type anything else in the message body Make sure your full name is in the return address field After subscribing you ll be able to send and receive CTuner messages at the address ctuner reyburn coms Phone support RCT
193. ove or replace your hard drive w Hint Install SoftKey only on a laptop you own or have permanent access to If the computer on which SoftKey is installed becomes unavailable for instance you give your friend back his laptop but forget to uninstall SoftKey first your SentinelKey will remain locked to the first computer and even if your SentinelKey is plugged into a second computer RCT won t open on that second computer Also you won t be able to run future upgrades to RCT We strongly suggest you don t carry SentinelKey with you Store SentinelKey in a secure place Don t forget where you put it SentinelKey is warranted for five years from date of purchase See Appendix B for details Basic Concepts Here s a quick overview of RCT s most important functions The RCT modules used to tune a piano are Chameleon 2 and CyberEar A typical procedure Place your laptop computer on the piano Start the computer open RCT it may open automatically click the Record button and play samples click the Calculate button to calculate a tuning open CyberEar and tune each string until the Spinner stops rotating Chameleon 2 the main brain FI Chameleon 2 Ch2 calculates an 88 note piano tuning based on five or six sampled notes How does Chameleon 2 work First Ch2 records a partial ladder for A4 A3 A2 Al A5 and sometimes A6 A partial ladder is a set of pitch readings for several partials usually four of one note H
194. ox displays the overpull cents which CE calculated automatically 2 The right box displays the overpull percentage for the selected note The reading in the Overpull box cannot be adjusted manually The Clear button is not enabled It s OK if you don t understand this Overpull box explanation The Overpull box appears only in Pitch Raise mode which we haven t explained yet Be patient You re just a few pages away Tune box Listener The Tune box Listener automatically measures the pitch of a selected note To use the Tune box Listener 1 Select a note to measure 2 Click on the Tune box Listener button A flashing ring will appear around the Spinner s target and around the ear over the graphic keyboard 3 Play the note and let it sustain As the Listener measures the note a few seconds in the bass faster in the treble the ring around the Spinner will fill in towards the center at the same time rings will flash around the ear on the graphic keyboard 4 After measuring is completed the Tune box will display the note s pitch 5 To double check the accuracy of the Listener s measurement play the note again If the Spinner is not perfectly stopped click the up or down arrows to manually adjust the Tune box reading until the Spinner is perfectly stopped NoteSwitcher becomes disabled when you click on the Tune box Listener To re enable NoteSwitcher click on the NoteSwitcher button 73 Offset box Listener The Offs
195. ps hold down the Option key Mac or Control key Win and click the Sharp or Flat buttons The Shift key works too for both Mac and Win The A4 pitch window may not change if the pitch difference is less than 0 1 bps but every cell in the chart will change to reflect the new setting This feature is used primarily during the RPT Tuning Exam You can type in any pitch from 390 0 to 490 0 directly into the A4 Hz window In most cases we recommend you keep the Tuning Chart s pitch at 440 To tune a piano to a non 440 pitch it s usually better to select that pitch in CyberEar If a particular piano will always be tuned to a non 440 pitch then it s OK to reset its pitch in the Tuning Chart The upper information window displays data in the cell currently under the cursor The bottom window displays the name of the creator of the chart s tuning data e g Chameleon Exam FAC Fairchild etc The Next and Previous buttons send you to the chart for the next and previous tuning records in this file if any Command right left arrow key Mac or Control right left arrow key Win works too The Graph button displays a graph of the active chart The Print button prints the tuning chart You can also print the tuning chart and many other RCT windows by selecting Print under the File menu or pressing Command P Mac or Control P Win The CyberEar button sends you to CyberEar with the active chart loaded into CyberEar ready for tunin
196. pull Chart The Yamaha GHI chart is our best guess for overpulls for the common GH1 You may use this or create your own for the GH1 To create a new overpull chart either create a new blank tuning record and fill in your own overpull percentages or perhaps more convenient create a copy of the Standard Overpull Chart and modify a note s overpull as needed You can name and save this file using normal RCT techniques Please note that custom overpull charts are not affected by Lowest Plain Wire Note settings in the Pitch Raise dialog box so the usual large difference in overpull at the break should be reflected in the overpull chart itself This means that each custom overpull chart will probably be usable only on one specific model which is why you should name the chart with the model piano it is designed for To select a Custom Overpull Chart select Pitch Raise mode to open the Pitch Raise Dialog box Click on the Overpull Chart popup menu and select Custom A dialog box will display the available custom overpull charts Select the desired chart and click OK which will return you to the Pitch Raise dialog box Custom Overpull charts can be gang modified up to 5 in 1 increments just like Standard Overpull setting by using the Overpull slider When saving a Custom Overpull Chart file it s a good idea to use the correct file extension in its name Use the popup menu and file extension naming button in the Save and Save As Dialog boxes to help
197. pup menu When CE opens if CE is set to non A440 either in the pitch popup menu or the Offset box a dialog box will open informing you of this If you don t want this dialog box to appear again during the current CE session click Don t bug me If you want to set CE to A440 click Reset to 440 If you want to close the window and leave CE at its current pitch click OK When CE opens if the linked tuning chart is more than 0 5 beats from 440 0 another dialog box will appear informing you how many beats off itis After closing this box by clicking OK you can go to the tuning chart to adjust it to A440 0 if you d like Generally we recommend you leave all tuning charts at A440 0 and do your pitch adjusting in CE 71 Tune box Tune n 1 904229 The Tune box displays the cents readings for the selected note as listed in the active tuning record To change the Tune box reading in increments of 1 click on the up or down arrows To adjust it by 01 hold down the shift key and click on the up or down arrows To clear the reading in the Tune box set it to 0 002 click on the Clear button the little button to the left with the C in it To auto measure a note s pitch click on the Tune box Listener see below Tune box key equivalents clear Tune Box reset to 0 00 C no modifier key Tune box up by 1 cent gt period Tune box down by 1 cent lt comma Tune box up by 01 cent shift gt Tune bo
198. r terminations bad wire sloppy damping and imprecise resonances can prevent a piano from being blushable If you re tuning a troublesome piano a momentary 5096 blush might be the best you can hope for In these situations you might decrease the Spinner s sensitivity and thereby widen the Targeting tolerances If you do remember that the Spinner spin rate will be less sensitive too A tolerance of 0 14 is less than almost anyone can discern But if you have exquisite hammer technique and are fine tuning a well regulated concert quality grand you may experience the profound satisfaction of seeing full Target blush on all notes If you do you re one of the world s best tuners Did that make you blush Target blushing operates in all modes including Pitch Raising Even if you ve set the Spinner rate very high for Pitch Raising e g 8 rev sec Targeting can be useful When using RCT for the PTG RPT Tuning Exam you should lean very heavily on Targeting When measuring a Master or Examinee tuning you should always see at least a partial blush before saving a cents reading This will help ensure high standards of exam accuracy and minimize variation in examiner measuring skill If Target blushing is hard to achieve on a majority of notes you should re evaluate the piano s suitability for the Tuning Exam Spinner Button To adjust Spinner settings open the Spinner dialog box by clicking on the Spinner button 1 Fast
199. r than the 3rd partial line the 5ths are getting narrower as they go up the scale which may result in unacceptable beating 54 Calculate button Calculate When sampling is completed and Advanced users have made their Ch2 or CEQ choices click the Calculate button A tuning record will be calculated based on the samples you took and the OTS and tuning partials selected If Ch2 is in Easy mode the OTS and tuning partials are selected for you Chameleon 2 will close and the tuning record s tuning chart will be displayed w Hint Because the Calculate button is default button as indicated by its dark border pressing the Return or Enter key is the same as clicking on the Calculate button w Hint Before clicking the Calculate button open the tuning file in which you want the new tuning record to be stored This way the new tuning record will automatically be placed into this tuning file when you create it by clicking the Calculate button Organizing Files and Records Here s the most important Hint for organizing your tuning records and files w Hint w Hint w Hint w Hint Store many tuning records in each tuning file This is very easy to manage Here s how Before clicking the Calculate button open the tuning file in which you want the new tuning record to be stored Then select Chameleon 2 and take samples When you create a new tuning record by clicking the Calculate button the new tuning record will automatic
200. re are any areas you want to change move the appropriate sliders calculate another tuning record then re tune the piano This method is the easiest and most direct and will probably be the most popular With the piano at pitch and entirely strip muted it takes very little time to tune one string per note especially if you know you ll be making subsequent passes A truncated refinement Especially on problem pianos don t bother tuning all notes Instead tune only the tenor Once you find on OTS that sounds good there tune the outer octaves using CEQ to tweak their stretch if desired Use CEQ to analyze and alter the stretch in certain areas to create interval widths that fulfill your mathematical wishes Some RCT users are especially interested in the width of 5ths in the mid treble Select Aural Intervals and look at the 3 2 graphline which indicates the speed of the 3ths from D4 A4 to G 4 D 4 You might want these 5ths to be approximately the same size or at best get narrower very slightly If the graph indicates that fifths at the top of this range are more than 3 cents narrow the fifths are probably beating too fast and likely to sound bad If they are too fast you can decrease the beating of the fifths by raising the slider nearest the upper notes which in this case is the slider at AS Lowering the slider near the lower note would work too but that usually creates worse problems and is not recommended Tf this line of thought i
201. record a partial ladder the Ic column shows the inharmonicity constant calculated from each partial relative to the fundamental If the Ic formulae predict the string s motion perfectly then all these numbers should be the same but they rarely are The difference is called para harmonicity These Ic readings could be compared to calculated Ic from string lengths and diameters to prove or disprove the accuracy of the equations 102 To calculate a theoretical partial ladder to compare to the real one start with the inharmonicity constant Ic derived from scale data Partial Ladder Series 16th partial Ic 255 Four octaves 15th partial Ic 224 11 8113 Three octaves major seventh 14th partial Ic 195 31 1741 Three octaves minor seventh 13th partial Ic 168 39 6006 Three octaves sixth 12th partial Ic 143 1 955 Three octaves fifth 11th partial Ic 120 49 8404 Three octaves major fourth 10th partial Ic 99 13 686 Three octaves major third 9th partial Ic 80 3 9012 Three octaves major second 8th partial Ic 63 Three octaves 7th partial Ic 48 31 1741 Two octaves seventh 6th partial Ic 35 1 955 Two octaves fifth 5th partial Ic 24 13 686 Two octaves major third 4th partial Ic 15 Two octaves 3rd partial Ic 8 4 1 9550ctave fifth 2nd partial Ic 3 One octave Ist partial 0 Fundamental from Steve Fairchild s class notes handout July 1990 Dallas PTG convention AGC AGC
202. rface Receiving Tunings from the SAT 1 Make sure your computer and your SAT are off 2 Make sure the MIDI interface is properly connected to your computer 3 Using a MIDI cable connect the SAT s MIDI OUT port to the interface s MIDI IN port Using the other MIDI cable connect the SAT s MIDI IN port to the interface s MIDI OUT port DO NOT FORCE THE CONNECTORS TOGETHER If they don t go in easily check the line up notch screw etc and try again 4 Start up your computer and double click on the Reyburn CyberTuner icon Start up the SAT by pressing the SAT ON button and press TUNE on the SAT 105 5 Click on the RECEIVE button in the MIDI Control window You now have 10 seconds in which to hold down the SAT s SHIFT button while you momentarily press the SAT s MIDI OUT button This will start the SAT sending all its information to the computer We recommend that you verify each time you receive from or send to the SAT See VERIFY section below MIDI Verify button Each time you transfer tunings between the SAT and your computer you should verify It s the only way to be sure is all tuning data has been transferred perfectly intact Numerous software or hardware problems can cause transmission failure so this is a good idea It takes so little extra time that it s worth doing every time To verify just click the VERIFY button in the MIDI Control window The computer will t
203. running when it was last installed This means SentinelKey must be plugged in before an upgrade of RCT will open and SoftKey must be re installed SoftKey recognizes any older versions of RCT For example if you installed SoftKey on RCT 3 0 version 3 5 won t open but version 2 0 will If you then shut down you computer attach SentinelKey start up your computer open RCT 3 5 and install SoftKey RCT versions 2 0 3 0 and 3 5 will all open Installing RCT Mac only Open the Memory control panel Make sure Virtual Memory is off Virtual Memory must be off whenever running RCT Make sure the size of the Disk Cache is at least 1024k with 2048K recommended A Windows Virtual Memory works fine with RCT Most users should let Windows handle the VM and Disk Cache details Win and Mac Step 1 Start up your computer and Insert RCT floppy disk 1 or CD ROM What s new What s new for 3 5 for 3 5 Macintosh 8f Windows Step 2 Double click the icon labelled Install RCT 3 5 The Installer will open Install RCT 3 5 Install RCT 3 5 Macintosh E Windows Step 3 Follow the Install program instructions The Install RCT program will step you through the entire Install process RCT and all associated files will be installed onto your computer automatically Step 4 Shut down your computer Step 5 Plug SentinelKey into an ADB port Mac or parallel port Win or USB port Mac and Win If you re not sure where the por
204. s In no event will RPS be liable to you for damages including any loss of profits LOST DATA lost savings or other incidental or consequential damages arising out of your use of or inability to use the program even if RPS or an authorized RPS representative has been advised of the possibility of such damages RPS will not be liable for any such claim by any other party This limited warranty gives you specific legal rights Some states provide other rights and some states do not allow excluding or limiting implied warranties or limiting liability for incidental or consequential damages As a result the above limitations and or exclusions may not apply to you Furthermore some jurisdictions have statutory consumer protection provisions which may supersede this section of the agreement General If any provision of this agreement shall be unlawful void or for any reason unenforceable then that provision shall be deemed severable from this agreement and shall not affect the validity and enforceability of the remaining provisions of this agreement This agreement is governed by the laws of the state of Michigan U S Government Restricted Rights The software and accompanying materials are provided with Restricted Rights Use duplication or disclosure by the Government is subject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph b 3 iii of The Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause at 252 227 7013 Contractor manufacturer is Rey
205. s click on the more stretch gt label on the bass side of the OTS buttons Click again to re flip the bass slider scales The treble sliders don t flip Ng 4939435 340W 0 30 0 18 0 24 0 32 AG Al A2 A3 OTS Limits User Limits Let s take a side trip and talk about Limits At the lower left of the CEQ window is the Limits popup menu It has two selections OTS Limits and User Limits OTS Limits Y If OTS Limits is selected CEQ will display and use the same limits Ch2 uses when calculating an OTS tuning Using OTS Limits will result in the safest and most typical tunings The OTS Limits are listed in the OTS chart earlier in this chapter OTS Limits OTS 4 A2 A4 maximum 1 00 D Max 4 1 double octave A2 A3 minimum 0 30 B SOM 6 3 single octave A3 A4 minimum 0 00 T SOM 4 2 single octave CH Beats 50 User Limits Y If you select User Limits the User Limits window will appear This is where you can specify your own settings for SOM separately for T and B and DMax The User Limits window also displays the standard OTS Limits settings so you ll know what normal is In User Limits allowable SOM settings are from 1 00 to 1 00 for SOM Allowable DMax settings are from 0 00 to 4 00 User Limits OTS 4 A2 A4 maximum 1 00 D max 4 1 double octave A2 A3 minimum 0 30 B SOM 6 3 single octave
206. s that see frequent service Spinets don t sound good with wide stretch in the tenor single octaves because the resulting double octaves beat too much Fortunately Ch2 has built in safeguards to take care of this The Double Octave Maximum and the Single Octave Minimums automatically create good sounding tunings on spinets and short grands We recommend sticking with OTS 4 for these pianos General guidelines The longer the piano the more stretch it can tolerate Asian pianos tend to have relatively low overall inharmonicity and therefore sound best with moderate OTSes such as 3 or 4 or less Steinways seem to like wide OTSes more than other brands Many experienced RCT users think the Steinway model D sounds great in a big concert hall with OTS 7 or 8 and low bass partial 12 For the Steinway B they may use OTS 6 or 7 and low bass partial 10 Look at the predicted beat rates in the tuning chart s header to pre listen to the sound of the tuning before you actually tune any notes Remember that all OTSes have built in Limits that will keep the A2 A4 double octave from getting too wide and the A2 A3 and A3 A4 single octaves from getting too narrow RPT Exam style The RPT Exam Octave Tuning Style approximates a typical aural master tuning for the RPT Tuning Exam It uses the same stretch as Style 4 except for slightly smaller setting for A7 and the A2 A4 double octave maximum see chart 1 Please read this The RPT Exam
207. s and replaces them with aliases shortcuts of the new version XA RCT Win Install notes RCT Win installer will only be able to find and delete the shortcuts if they have the original name Don t move support files out of the RCT folder that have been installed by the RCT Installer See Appendix H for more info on these files Calibration You should calibrate your laptop immediately after RCT is installed Recalibrate if the motherboard logic board or sound card is replaced For a detailed description of calibration please read the Calibrate section in the CyberEar chapter or the separate blue sheet included with your copy of RCT Uninstalling SoftKey You need to uninstall SoftKey to be able to use RCT on another computer Otherwise you ll rarely ever need to uninstall SoftKey With the laptop shut down plug in SentinelKey Start up the computer Open RCT In the RCT menu bar pull down the Edit menu and select SoftKey The 11 SoftKey dialog box will appear Click Un Install Click OK to close the SoftKey dialog box SoftKey is now uninstalled After shut down SentinelKey can be removed and plugged into another computer Then you can start up RCT and if desired install SoftKey on the new laptop Caution Be sure to uninstall SoftKey before you 1 sell or lose access to the laptop or hard drive SoftKey is installed on 2 have service work performed on your laptop computer 3 format partition rem
208. s flat or sharp playing that note may not trigger Ch2 to begin sampling If so tune the A notes to rough pitch or pitch raise the entire piano using a saved or Demo tuning record Alternately you could play A instead of A for a piano which approaches 100 cents flat w Hint In Ch2 the most recent samples partial ladders are saved and restored even if RCT has quit or the computer has been shut down or crashed This means a tuning record can be created from the most recently sampled piano at any time Demo pianos are ignored and not saved In other words a Demo piano will not displace the most recently saved real piano 28 A4 pitch in Ch2 After sampling the first note A4 the pitch of A4 is displayed in hertz or as cents from A440 Click on A4 s pitch reading to toggle between beats and cents This feature displays the actual pitch of a piano when it was sampled On the other hand whenever Ch2 calculates a tuning record from samples at any pitch the pitch of that new tuning record will be A440 0 as displayed in the pitch box of a tuning chart For further explanation please see How does RCT know the pitch of a tuning in the chapter Editing Files and Records Because A4 s pitch is displayed at the start of the sampling process you can save time by aborting the sampling process if A4 s pitch is off more than for example 2 beats or 8 cents and immediately do a pitch raise using a tuning record from a sav
209. s from the SAT a 103 MIDI Verify button llle 104 MIDI Verify Procedure 104 Sending Tunings To The SAT liiis 105 MIDI Troubleshooting eee 106 MIDI Error Messages 0 0 00 cee n 107 chapter 8 Chameleon l oo oo ooo ooo 109 D tmnitions tati ada la ad Geeta Aaa wits 109 Singing Length imita il Bia dah phe Een 109 Core Diameter 15 5 uer ed dad naaa 109 Winding Diametet 2 an ida a ie BARS 109 Winding CIA se ceva KUPAD AG 110 Unwound End teeh ar p i a e e A 110 A n A see pm ANG 111 Wire Gauge ni Nana RR ERE C EE Ya 111 AD Wound evo pex mede RA em reos 111 Bass Partial sies tr NBA Wa eR SUP PPS 111 chapter 9 Scoring the RPT Tuning Exam 113 OVetVIEW or rates e p EE quU Eu ener ded a rac 113 Summary of RCT Exam procedures ooo 113 HowiRGESVorkS 2 ae oe eo eas eh ee tena aS eger na 113 File Management cose hus te een NA ET ae bee ee dee hts 113 Files and Records ora i in 0 0 cee eee eee 113 Cyber Bar t ober ma bt E Mee Mile tUe te db ot EE eal ey 116 Note Selection Ais ret pa pA MANG eder t eae 119 Starting an exam session llle 119 Recording a Master Tuning or Examinee Tuning 120 Entering a Master Tuning manually o o oooooo o 122 Creating a Detuning oo 122 Recording A4 s pitch llle 124 Measuring an Examinee Tuning a 124 SCOPING alondra cio daw antros Ng LU e TA DER RA
210. s necessary in Easy and Advanced mode In Custom EQ you can use the standard DMax and SOM settings or you can create your own customized settings For further details please see Custom Equalizer later in this chapter 38 DMax and SOM overview With imperfectly scaled pianos inharmonicity tends to be excessive and or inconsistent in the lower tenor e g at the lowest plain wire note the bass treble break or where the strings change from wound to plain wire This creates problems with beat rate consistency and progression On such problem pianos normal width single octaves A2 A3 B and A3 A4 T may not fit within a normal width double octave A2 A4 D To make our problem piano sound as good as possible compromises are necessary Either the single octaves or double octave can be tuned to sound good but not both RCT chooses which interval to prioritize depending on two factors the degree of the problem and the settings for SOM and DMax How DMax and SOM work together When you take samples of a piano s A notes and choose an OTS and Tuning Partials you re giving Ch2 a complex set of data for creating a tuning record Even though a tuning chart appears very soon after you click the Calculate button it s not instantaneous Before Ch2 calculates the pitch settings for all 88 notes in the Tuning Chart it first goes through a complex series of cross checks and pre calculating First A2 A3 B and A3 A4 T are set to
211. se settings In fact these settings were chosen for Easy mode because they re the preferred choice of many RCT users Anytime you switch from Easy mode to Advanced mode the OTS and partials for Advanced mode will be reset to Easy mode s defaults OTS 4 and partials 6 6 3 2 and 1 23 w Hint It s OK if you don t save tuning records or files and instead create a new tuning at every piano which after all only takes a minute or two If you like Ch2 s Easy mode you might really like this simpler approach Many RCT users including some of the most experienced do this If you re new to computers creating a new tuning record at every piano will help make RCT easy to learn and to use w Hint For suggestions on rubber mutes vs felt strips making your own rubber split mutes tuning one string per note or unisons as you go etc please see Appendix E Advanced Mode To access Ch2 s full capabilities switch to Advanced mode Advanced mode gives you the capability to create an almost infinite variety of tuning styles Octave Tuning Styles OTS let you choose an overall stretch style from almost pure OTS 1 to very wide OTS 9 You can select different Tuning Partials to prioritize certain partial matchings And with Custom Equalizer you can micro adjust the beat rates for every octave of any OTS creating tunings with your own personalized sound and viewing graphs to pre listen and optimize your tunings
212. sharp although it can be used at any time Pitch Raise mode works equally well for pitch lowering too The keyboard shortcut is r or Command R Mac or Control R Win Pitch raising is described at great length later in this section Aural Temp Y Aural Temp is similar to Fine Tune mode except that it lets you step through a sequence for 25 notes or fewer that you can specify yourself The keyboard shortcut is A Mac and Win or Command A Mac or Control A Win RCT comes with a popular temperament sequence already entered You can type in your own sequence in the CE Preferences dialog box accessed by clicking on the Preferences button e 5 Prefs The Preferences window displays the current Aural Temperament Sequence 4 Name Example sequence two oct A to 4 Sm faa fas Rz des fa Edit name cha Fa F3 cra F 3 Eas fes fes om fam nadl ca E4 F83 ura D4 Sequence Es B2 TE gt N D 4 Twelve different sequences can be created and named 69 To choose a sequence hold the mouse down on the popup menu and choose the desired sequence Temperament 10 bd Temperament 6 Temperament 7 Temperament 8 y Em 3 Temperament 11 Temperament 12 After a sequence is chosen you can enter notes into the cells The sequence starts at the left cell of the upper row proceeds rightward to the end of the row then to the left cell of the second row etc The sequence is automatic
213. stands for Automatic Gain Control When AGC is enabled notes played at low volumes are automatically boosted and therefore more apt to trigger recording RCT has its own software AGC which works just fine on computers that don t have hardware AGC On older Mac PowerBooks hardware AGC is enabled in Ch2 and CE at all times AGC is optional in PAZ and should be turned off only to allow for unusual situations such as noisy environments or to give you more control over sampling volume RCT 1 1 and earlier did not make use of any hardware AGC Printing and saving with PAZ To print a PAZ reading select Print under the File menu Currently RCT does not save PAZ readings with the normal Save command under the File menu Instead you can save a picture of a PAZ reading by creating and saving a picture of your Computer s screen on your hard drive Macintosh Press the key combination Command shift 3 The Mac will make a Ka Click sound like a camera shutter as it takes the picture A screen shot of whatever is currently displayed on your computer s screen will be saved to your hard drive at the root level and named Picture 1 or a higher number if necessary You can view these screen shots in Simple Text or most graphic applications where you can edit them too In the Finder you may wish to re name this PAZ screen shot e g Steiger ser 12345 and move it to another folder XA Windows Save a PAZ screen by press
214. style is based on Dean s experience creating master tunings with many Certified Tuning Examiners CTE on a large number of pianos This style is not a sanctioned PTG universal master tuning there is no such thing nor will using it necessarily guarantee you a perfect score on PTG s RPT tuning exam The best way to achieve a high score is to work hard and become an excellent aural tuner a skill we strongly suggest you acquire If RCT helps more people become great aural tuners we d be happy as slugs in spring 35 To learn more about aural tuning the RPT exam or PTG call a Registered Piano Technician For help in finding an RPT or CTE contact the Piano Technicians Guild Custom Equalizer Custom Equalizer CEQ is an advanced feature that lets experienced tuners micro adjust the stretch of any octave of any OTS offering unparalleled freedom in creating your own personalized Octave Tuning Style To open CEQ click on its icon To use the current CEQ settings for a new tuning record and not open CEQ click on the CEQ radio button then click Calculate CEQ is explained in greater detail later in this chapter A6 sampling A6 is sampled only when needed which is only for OTS 1 2 and 3 and RPT Exam Ab is not needed and therefore not sampled for OTS 4 through 9 Ch2 needs to know A6 s partial ladder only when A7 is to be tuned to a narrow double octave For OTSes 4 and wider A7 is calculated from samples taken at A5 not A6
215. sumes the piano is 100g off pitch and applies the percentage overpull for each note This usually results in cents overpulls that equal the percentage overpulls The cents overpulls may be less than the percentage overpulls depending on what you ve specified in the Treble and Bass Cents Maximums in the Pitch Raise dialog box In Large PR the span of the oval is plus or minus 200g Large PR is most appropriate for tuning pianos that are off pitch 100g or more In Large PR mode the Spinner doesn t rotate but appears as a solid ball To indicate deviation the solid Spinner ball moves left or right This feature is designed to encourage speedy pitch raising if the Spinner doesn t rotate you may not be tempted to spend as much time trying to perfectly tune the string Manual calculates cents overpull as a percentage of a selected note s original pitch deviation unlike Large PR and Small PR which use an average of the original pitches of the selected note and the 5 previous notes In Manual pitch raising pitch measuring happens only when CE s Manual PR button is clicked This original pitch is then used to calculate overpull cents for all notes or until the Manual PR button is clicked again using the overpull percentage chart Overpull percentage charts above Click on the Manual PR button at any time to record another original pitch Overpull lets you vary the overall pitch raise overpull by 5 to 5 in 196 increments This changes th
216. t for the SentinelKey is located look at your SentinelKey and find a matching port on the computer There will be only one port that matches Some laptops have the correct port on a dock See Appendix B for more about SentinelKey Step 6 Restart your computer RCT may open automatically If not double click on the RCT alias Mac or shortcut Win on the Desktop On laptops the SoftKey dialog box will appear telling you SoftKey is not installed Sentinel eu rj SoftKey not installed If you forgot to plug in SentinelKey RCT won t open and the SoftKey dialog box won t appear You need to shut down plug in SentinelKey and restart your computer If necessary start RCT Click Install SoftKey will automatically be installed onto your computer Sentinel gu mu oo E3953 u SoftKey installed Click Quit or Exit The SoftKey dialog box will close and RCT will quit 10 A PDF copy of the RCT manual will be installed into the RCT 3 5 folder It can be viewed with Adobe Acrobat Reader which may be included with your computer If not it s available free on the Internet at www adobe com Shut down your computer and unplug SentinelKey Put the SentinelKey back in its protective silver bag and box The silver bag protects it from static electricity Caution Carefully store your SentinelKey in a safe and secure place If the SentinelKey is ever lost or stolen you will need to purchase another RCT with Sent
217. t really necessary Mitch could search in his Customer Library for a particular model piano But he thinks worth keeping the Piano Library is worth a little extra disk space because it makes it quicker to find a particular model The Concert Hall file holds tuning records for the local concert hall s concert grand small grand and upright Mitch tunes there quite often and it s quicker to get to these records if they have their own file The College file holds records for the 25 pianos at the local college including many extra records at different OTSes The Research file holds experimental or demonstration records Nothing in the Research file ever gets put onto a customer s piano in other words Research is a safe place for messing around w Hint In your Research file create tuning records from one piano actual or Demo using each OTS style in order Scroll through their graphs using Command arrow key Mac or Control arrow key Win for an interesting lesson on OTS differences Or use the Math tool Difference to create a tuning record showing the difference between two OTSes e Hint The Find Tuning command under the Search menu finds any text string within a header in the active file only This can be a big help if for example you want to find text in a header that s not the first word for example the piano s serial number w Hint If you calculate several tuning records before finding one you ll actually use
218. tains all previously recorded notes so you can continue on with your present pitch raise Depending on certain conditions either button may be the default button A default button has a darker border The default button is the one you ll usually want and you can select it by pressing the Return or Enter key or by clicking on it manually To leave things as they are click Cancel 85 Info during Pitch Raising Lots of interesting numerical data is displayed in CE while pitch raising Reyburn CyberT uner olx File Edit Windows View Search Tools Help CyberEar co by Dean L Reybum APT PPS Inc 1998 M 70e 3 amp ES 6 9 Prefs ES Original 24 976 TR 1 gt 4 lt B 0 108 T 0 008 D 1 47B CH2 The Tune box displays the selected note s cents deviation as calculated by Ch2 or other source The Overpull box displays the note s calculated cents overpull The selected note s specified Overpull percentage is displayed to the right of the Overpull box The not yet tuned selected note s cents offset from the Tune box reading is displayed in the Original box The Pitch Raise Progress Bar is filled in above each note that s already been measured The Spinner target is shifted to the right matching the Overpull box Pitch Raise Progress Bar In Pitch Raise mode a grey bar called the Pitch Raise Progress Bar appears over each key on the graphic keyboard after the note has been
219. taves in that region If you ever get into situations like this you d better be prepared to use your ears and make lots of compromises Back to CEQ OK let s go back to CEQ and try moving some more sliders You should still be using the Yamaha C3 Demo piano Click on OTS 4 to reset the sliders It doesn t matter which graph or scale is displayed In fact feel free to toggle between graph modes and scales throughout the following examples 51 Drag the A2 slider all the way to the top A dialog box appears that says The A2 slider is outside the normal tuning range A2 A3 can t be greater than the A2 A4 Double Octave Max See Limits menu RCT is telling us that our new A2 setting created a double octave that s wider than the Double Octave Maximum for OTS 4 which is 1 00 Click on the OK button and watch what happens to the A2 pointer CEQ will set the A2 slider to 68 Why 68 A3 is already set to 32 and 68 is as wide as A2 can get and still stay within the OTS 4 Double Octave Maximum of 1 00 1 00 minus 32 equals 68 Also notice that the pointers for AO and Al have moved by themselves for the same reason as the A6 slider moved independently when we altered the A5 slider those ranges are calculated based on the slider we just moved as indicated by the ratios zeroed and non zeroed on the AO and Al sliders Select User Limits and set DMax to 2 00 Click OK Now drag the A2 slider all the way to the top Even thoug
220. te sheet included with your purchase of RCT A small but important difference between RCT Mac and RCT Win is keyboard shortcuts Macs often use the Command key also called the Apple key which will have printed on it a propeller like symbol On Windows equivalent keyboard shortcuts use the Control key Macs have a Control key which is different from Window s Control key The Mac s Control key is never used for keyboard shortcuts Another modifier key used in RCT Mac is the Option key its Windows equivalent is the Alt key Throughout this manual keyboard shortcuts will be shown for both Mac and Win For example Command F Mac or Control F Win means press the Command key and the F key if you have a Mac or the Control key and the F key for Windows Option R Mac or Alt R Win means press the Option key and R key for Macs or the Alt key and R key for Windows Support Free unlimited support is provided for one year after purchase of RCT or an RCT upgrade by Dean and Mitch via phone email fax snail mail US Postal Service carrier pigeon or if your name is Deanna Troi mental telepathy The best way to continue using our unlimited free and phone toll free support is to have the most recent version of RCT When you receive an RCT upgrade you also get an additional year of free support as well as insuring that your version of RCT is as compatible as possible with the latest computer technology If you purchased your
221. that are selected in icon view will be selected in header view The selection can be extended by shift clicking with the Tuning Hammer Full editing is allowed in Header view Use the Tuning Hammer pointer to select records then use the edit commands cut copy paste or clear Header view is especially useful for printing out a list of tuning records Choose Print from the File menu to print 60 headers per page Command click Mac or Control click Win on a header with the Tuning Hammer cursor or click with the Mag Glass cursor to open its tuning chart just like in icon view Chart Window Header and Serial Number The Header is a 70 byte field which tags along with the tuning wherever it goes RCT s predicted beat rates and the tuning chart s creator usually Ch1 or Ch2 are entered automatically you may have added the piano make and serial number customer name etc If you are new to RCT you will probably want to edit the header on tunings transferred from any other VTD 94 In the Chart window RCT displays all the information stored in one tuning record Use the chart for viewing and editing any note s cents reading Partials can be viewed by Partial Note Name or Partial Number Make your selection from the View menu or use the Command keys on the View menu For each of the 88 notes two pieces of information are listed 1 Partial 2 Cents 1 The partial is the listening note the note that appears on the Cy
222. that the notes from AO to G 1 can be tuned from their sixth seventh or eighth partials Similar flexibility is available in the tenor by providing the option to tune A2 through G 4 from either the third or fourth partials and special mention must be made here of Chameleon 2 s ability to tune well in the piano s tenor section as a result The tenor area and the break between plain wire and wound strings provide unique tuning challenges VTD s must make assumptions about the amounts of inharmonicity a piano will have across its scale but tenor strings sometimes conform particularly poorly to the assumptions Generally inharmonicity decreases as one moves down through the piano s plain wire strings On some pianos however as one moves down the scale into the tenor s lower plain wire strings the inharmonicity actually increases instead It is common particularly in small pianos for the lowest plain wire strings to be shorter than would be ideal resulting in their inharmonicity being higher than ideal Visual tuning devices commonly tune from the fourth partials in the tenor When a VTD tunes the fourth partials to a uniform curve notes with inharmonicity higher than expected will end up with first second and third partials that are too flat with fifth partials too sharp and with only fourth partials tuned right Intervals formed above notes like this will exhibit some very wrong beat rates Flat second partials will f
223. to another file Each piano icon is treated like a single character in a word processor A tuning file can be treated as a contiguous list of separate items corresponding to a sentence in the word processor 92 To move records in the File Window cutting copying pasting etc use the Tuning Hammer pointer w When you want to view the whole tuning chart choose the Magnifying Glass Q and click on the desired tuning s icon i Hint To bring up the Tuning Chart window press Command Mac or Control Win while clicking the mouse button on an icon or header The magnifying glass appears momentarily followed by the Tuning Chart window When you return to the File window the cursor will still be the tuning hammer Icon View Editing Features Chameleon 2015 4 tct sl 124 STEINWRY D C gt 9 C gt 98 RPS gt 4 lt B 0 32B T 0 32B D 0 73B CH2 000000 4 7 8 91011 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 QNI B6BBABBLA BABBABBA ABABABEBI ABBBABAB BBaABABAAB B amp B B B B amp BB B5 33 BBBBABA 6 B B BBBBABA 5 B B 2 2 5 B 5 B B 6 B B B B ed G9 e Gf ES ES e e EY B B B B B B 201 Tunings in file Use the Tuning Hammer pointer W for moving copying pasting etc entire tuning records Select a record or records then cut or copy click at desired new location and paste There are three ways to select the Tuning Hammer pointer 1 Click on the Tuning Hammer
224. ts the cell in the tuning chart if it finds readings outside these normal parameters Tuning Exam calculates or re calculates data on RCT s tuning records used for the RPT exam An exam s tuning records are not updated unless Tuning Exam is selected and the Score button or Detuning button is clicked In other words entering a new number recording a note s pitch via the Save Cents button in the Examinee or Master Tuning records does not affect the Points Difference or Detuning records until the Score button or Detuning button is clicked This may be different from other approved tuning devices which update related records immediately when new data is entered For more details please read chapter 9 Scoring the RPT Tuning Exam 100 chapter 6 Pianalyzer Pianalyzer making piano tone visible Pianalyzer measures cents deviation inharmonicity sustain time and volume for partials 1 to 16 for any note Pianalyzer E d t to Equal Temp b acc Record Stop D Qe to Harmonic Sustain Yolume Partial Chains MFundamental MOctave Ic seconds Units MOctave PSth MOctave M3rd MOther 16 4 79 6 08 4 18 1 88 NEN 15 8 86 0 08 5 11 7 40 M 14 30 11 0 08 4 64 amp amp 13 48 05 0 09 4 64 5 40 es 12 6 43 0 08 4 88 3 73 MI l 11 48 07 8 11 4 64 3 91 aaa 18 18 32 0 10 5 11 7 29 Mn 9 2 85 0 11 5 11 10 35 EE 8 8 42 4 0 10 1
225. u should still know about SentinelKey and SoftKey At some future time you may need to plug in SentinelKey and re install SoftKey if you upgrade to a new version of RCT or have hardware problems Using SentinelKey In this manual we use the term SentinelKey but the actual name of the key may be different The keys we use are the most reliable and high quality units available They function exactly the same on both platforms FYI Any hardware device that prevents unauthorized copying or use of a computer application the SentinelKey being a specific example is sometimes called a dongle by the rest of the computer world The SentinelEve Mac can be attached anywhere along the Mac s ADB or USB chain The SentinelSuperPro Win attaches to the parallel port on Windows between printer and PC or USB port The key takes almost no power to run and is invisible to the computer and any attached device Fither Sentinel or SoftKey must be used whenever RCT is running SoftKey allows you to run one copy RCT at a time on a computer without the bother of having to have the SentinelKey dangling out the back If you want to make run RCT on a second computer you must first use the hardware key SentinelKey to uninstall SoftKey from the first computer Rainbow Inc the manufacturer of SentinelKey recommends that SentinelKey be connected or disconnected only when the computer s power is OFF If you have any problem question or suggestion about using
226. udy your computer s User Manual run its on line tutorial read books such as Windows for Dummies or Macs for Dummies join a local user group find a computer buddy or take a training course from a local college computer dealer or professional training company Learning to use RCT If you re like most computer users you want to fling this User Manual into a dark closet and plunge right in to tuning with RCT Please don t Even though Reyburn CyberTuner is easy and intuitive to use if you don t first learn a little about it you might get confused or even worse you might never discover some of RCT s coolest features We don t expect anyone to read the User Manual cover to cover in one sitting Instead we offer these recommendations Read your Getting Started Manual It s a separate publication from this User Manual that s very short and concise You have two copies a print version and one installed on your hard disk with RCT Watch the RCT video We made it ourselves It s corny yet effective just like us You can watch a little at a time The most important stuff is first If you re already experienced with computers and piano tuning read the Getting Started Manual then open RCT poke around and come back to this User Manual when you re ready to learn more If you re a less experienced computer user or tuner please also read the chapters Chameleon 2 and CyberEar To learn more about saving RCT tunings read Editing Fi
227. ure your computer and your SAT are off 2 Make sure the MIDI interface is properly connected to your computer 3 Using a MIDI cable connect the SAT s MIDI OUT port to the interface s MIDI IN port Using the other MIDI cable connect the SAT s MIDI IN port to the interfaces MIDI OUT port DO NOT FORCE THE CONNECTORS TOGETHER If they don t go in easily check the line up notch screw etc and try again 4 Start up your computer and double click on the Reyburn CyberTuner icon Start up the SAT by pressing the SAT ON button and press TUNE on the SAT 5 Click the SEND button in RCT s MIDI Control widow 6 If you are sure want to OVERWRITE what is in the SAT first press the MIDI IN key on the SAT 7 Press OK to Send on the computer to initiate sending tunings Sending will take between 4 32 seconds for 20 to 208 tunings respectively 8 A dialog box will recommend that you verify what was just sent it is recommended that you do this every time you send The SAT always inserts the tunings it receives through it s MIDI ports into the lowest memory pages for example if your SAT can hold 30 piano tunings and you send 5 tunings to the SAT these tunings will be stored in pages 1 5 on the SAT Pages 6 30 are not affected ka Hint on Sending Tunings To The SAT Any number of tunings can be sent to the SAT from 1 up to the number of pages you have in your SAT If you send less t
228. urn CyberTuner 3 5 2 An RCT alias Mac or shortcut Win Double clicking on this starts RCT An alias or shortcut is a pointer to a file or program but is not the file or program itself Note that a Mac alias name is in italics In Windows the Shortcut icon has a small arrow aH Note If you rename the Shortcut on Windows the next RCT version s Install program will not be able to replace it with a new one EZ BET TE alfas Shortcut to Reybum CyberT uner 3 5 3 The RCT manual this manual aka Mitch s Masterpiece Double clicking on this icon will start the Adobe Acrobat reader program If you don t have Acrobat its free on the internet from www adobe com If the RCT manual has a generic icon not like the one below you are either missing Acrobat or need to rebuild your desktop on Mac or need to reinstall Acrobat on Windows The manual is text searchable and is in full color POF lb Y Du RCT manual 3 5 PDF 4 A standard RCT document which contains tuning records This file is created when you calculate a tuning with Chameleon 2 or when you choose New File in the RCT File menu This file can store up to 240 tuning records RCT can access any number of tuning files one at a time as many as you can save on your hard drive JA RCT Tuning files on Windows have an RCT extension Demo Tunings 5 An RCT Exam document notice the E in the icon This file is created by New Exam in the RCT File
229. use abuse or failure to follow the cautions in this manual it will be replaced or repaired at our option If it fails after the guarantee period a SentinelKey can be replaced or repaired for a nominal cost Upgrade Policy All registered RCT users will be notified of RCT upgrades If an upgrade is released within six months of your purchase of RCT it is available free for download at our Web site or by regular mail on a floppy disk for a nominal charge Reyburn Piano Service Reyburn Piano Service Inc RPS has been producing software products for piano technicians since 1983 RPS introduced Piano Service Manager in 1990 Tuning Manager for MS DOS in 1992 and Tuning Manager for the Macintosh in 1994 In July 1995 Chameleon 2 was added to Tuning Manager for the Macintosh Reyburn CyberTuner for Macintosh was released in July 1996 including the new innovations CyberEar and Pianalyzer Reyburn CyberTuner for Windows was released in October 1998 Reyburn CyberTuner version 3 5 by Reyburn Piano Service Inc 1992 1993 1994 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 All Rights Reserved Dean L Reyburn RPT designer and programmer The technology in Reyburn CyberTuner primarily Chameleon 2 and CyberEar is protected under United States Patent 5719343 5773737 and 57814748 Other Patents Pending CyberTuner and CyberEar are trademarks of Reyburn Piano Service Inc RCT Manual by Mitch Kiel RPT and Dean Reyburn RPT 1996 1997 1998
230. users To use CEQ properly you should have big ears and some understanding of inharmonicity stretch interval widths and coincident partials When you use CEQ you re taking over from Ch2 s extensive system of internal safeguards and cross checks It s possible to create bad sounding tunings with CEQ so please use CEQ only if you re ready willing and able to assume responsibility for the results Let s begin with a quick overview of CEQ To open CEQ go to Ch2 and click on the Custom EQ icon iit Custom EQ If you click on the CEQ radio button instead of the CEQ icon the CEQ window won t open Instead CEQ will be the selected Tuning Style and the current CEQ settings will be used when you click Ch2 s Calculate button The CEQ radio button is auto selected whenever you quit CEQ 41 Intro to CEQ CEQ s interface looks like a graphic equalizer for a high end audio system An audio graphic equalizer lets you adjust the relative volume of a limited frequency range but CEQ lets you adjust stretch in effect the pitch of a limited range of notes 10 Qs 43 0 43 0 430 NOO ba 5 sil a ae 2 0 sap COW eser 15 Qs 2 1 04 1 0 10 20 Qs 55 5 04 ejHb o am 0 4 12 04 S S sa 75 E a E STORE 10 2 1 10 3 9 4 gt 1 0 Oi 20 20 20 0 36 0 18 0 24 0 32 oTs 0 95 0 50 9 8 Beats LAG Al A2 A3 R4 AS R6 A The first thing you ll notice are CEQ s seven sliders each of which
231. ve to manually select a note press any buttons or manually measure a note s pitch Recording samples usually takes less than two minutes 26 w Hint Notes don t have to be at correct pitch to be sampled Technical explanation Ch2 records the partial ladders at their current pitch sets the first partial to 440 and equalizes the remaining partials in that ladder Ch2 takes good samples even if the notes are 50g off pitch However the closer the piano is to proper pitch the more accurate the samples and resulting tuning record For fine tuning we recommend the piano be within 10 of pitch when sampling After clicking the Record button a finger will point to a note on Ch2 s graphic keyboard A4 then A3 A2 Al A5 and if needed A6 and an ear will appear over the note This ear indicates Ch2 is ready to listen to that note This ear will show up throughout RCT It will always mean Hey you I m ready to listen Play this note now Mute off all but one string Play the note indicated This will trigger Ch2 to start recording Flashing rings will appear around the ear to show that Ch2 is in the act of recording Sustain the note After a few seconds the ear will disappear meaning Ch2 has stopped listening Let up on the key to stop the note from sounding A rotating tuning fork will appear letting you know that Ch2 is measuring and calculating the sample chewing on its lunch of numbers S For accuracy Ch2 samples
232. very note that s perfect That means your piano and your tuning skills are very good However different pianos are capable of different degrees of blushing After careful tuning and or Spinner tweaking some notes may show full blush within 0 1g while some will be capable of only partial blush within 0 3 no matter how hard you try If a majority of notes won t show any blush you should re think this piano s suitability for the RPT Exam CyberEar can display deviation as either beats or cents The recommended mode is cents because it yields more accuracy in the bass and more stability in the treble To view the Spinner settings click the Spinner button 119 The Spinner dialog box will open Spinner x 63 1 Fast 24 Cents 2 0 ae per rev sec 2 Were Color 69 16 Slow off IV target blush IV smooth With the recommended Spinner rate of 2 cents per revolution second you can roughly judge the cents deviation of a string by counting the Spinner s rotation and if the deviation is more than about 5 cents by gauging how far the Spinner moves to the right or left For example if a note were 10 flat the Spinner would rotate counterclockwise 5 revolutions per second The Spinner would also move left as shown below Notice the numbers displayed under the oval 10g 25 50g They re there to help you judge how far the Spinner moved For example if the note is 10 flat the
233. will automatically be selected Make sure the Offset Box is 0 00 If not click its Clear button Measure A4 with the Tune Box Listener button and verify Write A4 s cents reading onto the Tuning Exam Score form Measuring an Examinee Tuning An examinee tuning is measured using the same procedures as for a Master Tuning described above Scoring After an Examinee tuning and a Master tuning are recorded it s time to calculate the points off POI record 2 and difference DIF record 4 Pull down RCT s Tools menu and select Tuning Exam The Score RPT Tuning Exam window will appear 126 Score RPT Tuning Exam Examinee record EEE 1 Master record SUP E Temperament octave Bre CE3 C G 3 C C 3 CF3 CA3 CD3 C FHS C ARS C D 3 C63 CB3 Score puts points into tuning record 2 POI the difference into 4 DFF and the detuning into 5 UUU Detune Cancel Select the lowest note in the Examinee s temperament default is F3 Click the Score button The Points off and Difference tuning records 1 POI and 2 DIF will automatically be calculated The Points tuning chart will automatically appear This would be a great time to Save the file to disk Tuning Chart x Ad Hz GF alla S f Exam Brev Next p in POI Oct 870 1 2 3 4 c 5 6 EEG c 1 0 0 1 0 0 j J4 ool 0 1 0 0 of ESEN 1 0 0 pe 1 0 0 ep 4 oon 1 00 C 4 coco 1 2 0 rs 4 ooj4 oo 4 1 0 1 0
234. x down by 01 cent shift lt Ka Hint To undo a Clear on the Tune box in other words to restore a note s Tune Box reading to its saved reading switch to any other note then re select the cleared noted This hint works because Tune box readings are not saved until you click the Save Cents button If a reading has already been saved this hint will not work Offset box Offset al 0 00 S The Offset box is used when you want to change the total deviation without altering the reading in the Tune box Here s another way to think about the Offset box If you add the number in the Offset box to the number in the Tune Box the resultant sum is what the Spinner rotation indicates The Offset box reading will be 0 00 unless you adjust it yourself Clicking on the Offset box s up and down arrows will increment the reading by 1g Holding down the Shift key while clicking the up or down arrows will increment the reading by 01 Clicking on its Clear button will set the Offset box to 0 00 There are no key equivalents for the Offset box Clear button To auto measure a note s offset click on the Offset Listener described below The Offset box is as very useful tool because it affects the Spinner while leaving the Tune box reading untouched The Offset box can help you alter the deviation for one note or an entire tuning measure deviation from a Tune box reading measure drift after a test blow during the RPT Tuning Exam etc Th
235. y interact For example you might try raising the A5 slider to make the 3 2 5ths less narrow At the same time you ll be able to watch the affected 2 1 octaves get wider Beats or Cents Still using the Yamaha Demo piano switch the Aural Intervals graph between cents and beats several times and notice that the 3 2 graph at A4 in beats is half of what it is in cents That s because beats are calculated at the actual coincident partial which is A5 for the D4 A4 3 2 5th At A5 two cents equals about one beat Go back to OTS Difference graph and set to cents Click on OTS 4 to reset all sliders then drag Al to 70 That makes a big dip in the graph and seems like it would affect the stretch in the bass a lot Now toggle from cents to beats Hey The 6 3 octaves spread a little more than a half beat Click Al s colored triangle to reset Al and the graph should return to a straight line Now lower A7 s slider to 1 5 and watch the graph dive sharply down Now switch back to cents The graphline becomes less radical You ve just demonstrated to yourself why cents is better than beats for displaying Spinner speed Cents is more accurate in the bass and more controllable in the treble 49 Flipping bass sliders You can flip the bass slider scales if you prefer that moving a pointer downwards makes the bass notes go flatter This means the bass sliders would move in the same direction as the OTS Difference graphline To flip bass slider scale
236. you made when you moved a slider Click on the Cents button to toggle the graph to beats Toggle around for a while When you re done messing around make sure you ve selected the OTS Difference graph set to cents 44 Click on OTS 4 All sliders will return to their standard settings for OTS 4 The A2 slider will be set to 0 28 bps and the A3 slider will be 0 32 beats their normal beat rate for OTS 4 see Chart 1 in the Ch2 chapter In CEQ s header box located below the graphic keyboard these appear again as the T and B predicted beat rates Alongside each slider are various ratios such as 4 1 2 1 4 2 etc These are the intervals used by RCT to calculate the pitch of each slider s control note Exception if the 12th Tuning Partial is chosen in the low bass in CEQ the 12 3 double octave ratio appears on the AO slider for informational purposes only The AS A6 and A7 sliders have the ratio 4 1 a double octave at 0 00 We say that A5 A6 and A7 have 4 1 as their zeroed ratio A3 has 4 2 as its zeroed ratio A2 and A1 have 6 3 as their zeroed ratio A0 s zeroed ratio is not fixed its zeroed ratio depends on the Tuning Partial you chose in Ch2 as the low bass partial For example if you chose low bass Tuning Partial 6 the zeroed ratio will be 6 3 for Tuning Partial 7 the zeroed ratio will be 7 3 5 for Tuning Partial 8 itll be 8 4 if 10 then 10 5 if 12 then 12 6 The beat rate of each slider s zeroed ratio is indicat
237. your disk cache to at least 1024k in the Memory Control Panel to allow RCT to run as effieciently as possible XA Windows RCT runs on Windows computers with Pentium chips 90 mHz or faster 120 or faster recommended running Windows 95 98 2000 NT or Me with at least 6 megs of free RAM after Windows and any other running program is loaded The computer must have a Windows compatible sound card capable of recording It must have an internal microphone or an external microphone jack and external mic An audio line in jack or external mic in jack is recommended for calibration Differences between RCT Mac and RCT Win 34 RCT looks and acts almost exactly the same on Macintosh and Windows computers The differences are in appearance only Here s one difference worth noting We ve discovered that Windows computers from different manufacturers sometimes differ in the initial accuracy of their internal pitch calibration After calibration their pitch is accurate unless a new sound card is installed This means that all Windows computers should be calibrated immediately after installing RCT It s also a good idea to check the calibration of your Mac even though most Macs are correctly calibrated when new Both RCT Mac and RCT Windows include a quartz electronic pitch source we call CyberFork for calibrating your computer This one time procedure takes about five minutes It s fully explained in this manual s CyberEar chapter and on a separa
238. zarre to say the least Tuning by Owen Jorgensen Michigan State University Press 1405 S Harrison Rd Suite 25 Manly Miles Building East Lansing MI 48823 5202 Phone 517 355 9543 FAX 1 800 678 2120 ka Hint Before you convert a tuning create and save a spare copy of the equal temperament tuning record That way you can create additional records of that piano using different temperaments In the tuning file window select the Tuning Hammer pointer click on the equal temperament pre converted tuning record and under the Edit menu select Copy then Paste Another method if the piano in question is still the most recently sampled piano its partial ladders are still in Ch2 so you can simply go to Ch2 and click the Calculate button to create another equal temperament record a Hint To view the offsets for any Historical Temperament use the Edit menu to paste in a blank tuning record then convert it The readings in the Chart will be the temperament s offsets User Temperaments To convert an equal temperament to a non equal temperament not included in Historical Temperaments create your own User Temperament To create a User Temperament use the Open command under the File menu and open User Temperaments You ll see a standard RCT tuning file window with the cursor blinking before the first tuning record Under the Edit menu select Paste Blank and a new empty record will appear as tuning record 1 The new blank tuni

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