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1. A conventional USB cable may be used for this purpose The supporting software is located on the supplied CD After installing from the CD please see the Software Manual for details 4 6 Charging the battery Use the supplied DC adapter or any other 9 14V DC source as an external charger for the built in Ni MH battery A car lighter cable may be used for this purpose You may have the charger connected while operating the analyzer If the analyzer is being used for the first time it is recommended to perform a full 10 to 12 hour charging cycle When the battery is fully charged it starts heating instead of absorbing electric energy It is a good idea to stop charging if the battery becomes warm While it is safe to leave the charging mode for a long period of time it is recommended to do this no more than 10 to 12 hours for longer battery life 4 7 Meter test mode This mode is designed to check the RF output as well as two RF detectors of the analyzer Enter the Meter test mode by pressing RJ in the second screen of the Settings menu With no load at the antenna connector the display should look like shown on the picture Meter test 4 i load a AO 2 M K0 Press any key to continue For the 50 Ohm load the filled bars should stand at corresponding positions notice the no load and 50 Q marks Meter test S z i On 2 M gt Ao Press any key to continue If t2. 250 Ohm X graphs 100 points plot Sweep width AA 230 AA 230PRO 0 01 230 MHz AA 520 0 1 520 MHz Frequency resolution 1 kHz SWR range 1 10 SWR display for AA 230 AA 230PRO 25 50 75 and 100 Ohm systems AA 520 50 Ohm systems R X range AA 230 AA 230PRO 0 200 200 200 Ohm AA 520 0 200 0 200 Ohm Memories AA 230 AA 520 100 memories to store and recall graphs AA 230PRO 90 memories to store and recall graphs Presets for radio amateur bands Time domain reflectometer mode AA 230PRO only RF output Power Interface 100 points plot Measurement for 25 50 75 and 100 Ohm systems Resolution about 20 cm 8 Max distance about 300 m 1000 ft Cable velocity factor 0 5 to 1 10 memories to store and recall graphs Connector type AA 230 AA 230PRO UHF PL AA 520 N Output power AA 230 AA 230PRO typ 10 dBm AA 520 typ 5 dBm 4 8V 1800 mA h Ni MH battery Max 3 hours of continuous measurement Max 2 days in stand by mode External 9 14V 500 mA charger Full charge time 10 12 hours 128x64 graphical LCD with backlit 6x3 keys on the water proof keypad Multilingual menus and help screens USB connection to the personal computer Dimensions 23 10 5 5 cm 9 4 2 Operating temperature 0 40 C 32 104 F Weight 650g 23 Oz 4 3 Precautions Never connect the analyzer to your antenna in thunderstorms Lightning strikes as well as static discha
3. Show all mode press to start then press the PA key to generate the uninterrupted RF signal 6 TDR Time Domain Reflectometer mode This mode is available in RigExpert AA 230PRO only 6 1 Theory Time domain reflectometers are electronic instruments used for locating faults in transmission lines A short electrical pulse is sent over the line and then a reflected pulse is observed By knowing the delay between two pulses the speed of light and the cable velocity factor the DTF distance to fault is calculated The amplitude and the shape of the reflected pulse give the operator idea about the nature of the fault Impulse response Voltage delay Time M T Pulse Echo sent received Instead of a short pulse a step function may be sent over the cable Step response Voltage delay Time i i Step Echo 20 Unlike many other commercially available reflectometers the RigExpert AA 230PRO does not send pulses into the cable Instead another technique is used First R and X the real and the imaginary part of the impedance are measured over the whole frequency range up to 230 MHz Then the IFFT Inverse Fast Fourier Transform is applied to the data As a result impulse response and step response are calculated This method is often called a Frequency Domain Reflectometry but the TDR term is used in this document since all calculations are made internally and the user can on
4. You can easily see how changing one of the adjustment elements trimming capacitor coil physical length of an aerial affects SWR at up to five different frequencies 5 2 Coaxial lines 5 2 1 Open and short circuited cables Rx 10000470000 kHz Rx 10000410000 kHz 200 200 100 o 100 200 Open circuited cable Short circuited cable The above pictures show R and X graphs for a piece of cable with open and short circuited end A resonant frequency is a point at which X see the dotted line equals to zero e In the open circuited case resonant frequencies correspond to left to right 1 4 3 4 5 4 etc of the wavelength in this cable e For the short circuited cable these points are located at 1 2 1 3 2 etc of the wavelength Please notice that RigExpert AA 520 displays absolute value of the reactance X 5 2 2 Cable length measurement Resonant frequencies of a cable depend on its length as well as on the velocity factor A velocity factor is a parameter which characterizes the slowdown of the speed of the wave in the cable compared to vacuum The speed of wave or light in vacuum is known as the electromagnetic constant c 299 792 458 meters per second or 983 571 056 feet per second 13 Each type of cable has different velocity factor for instance for RG 58 it is 0 66 Notice that this parameter may vary depending on the manufacturing process and materials the cable is made of To measure the
5. analyzer is plugged to a personal computer e The charging indicator shows battery charging level RigExpert antenna analyzers are self documenting pressing the key will bring a help screen with a list of available keys for the current mode 4 2 Single and multi point measurement modes In single point measurement modes various parameters of antenna or other load are measured at a given frequency In multi point modes several different frequencies are used 4 2 1 SWR mode The SWR mode press the key in the Main menu displays the SWR bar as well as the numerical value of this parameter SwE measurement ki measurement ise kHz nane A J2 Sw 1 15 2 345 10 Set the desired frequency the PA key or change it with left or right arrow keys Press the key to start or stop measurement The flashing antenna icon in the top right corner indicates when the measurement is started You may activate or deactivate audio indication of SWR by pressing the J key In this mode beeps of different length correspond to different values of the measured SWR Pressing the key will show a list of other commands 4 2 2 SWR2Air mode RigExpert AA 230 and AA 230PRO present a new SWR2Air mode which is designed to help in adjusting antennas connected via long cables This task usually involves two persons one adjusting the antenna and the other shouting out the SWR value as it changes at the far end of the feedline There
6. as solid and dotted lines respectively Rx 6 598 500 kHz 200 100 Fill l 6 593 500 kHz 200 100 iN 0 ee laa RII XII graph parallel model i paren a R X graph series model In these graphs positive values of reactance X correspond to inductive load while negative values correspond to capacitive load Please notice the difference in the plots when the series or parallel model of impedance is selected through the Settings menu Please notice that RigExpert AA 520 displays absolute value of the reactance X 4 3 3 Memory operation In the SWR graph and R X graph modes you may choose to scan to memory the f key Later you may recall RJ the plots from the specified memory Additionally the J BJ combination opens the editor of memory slot names 4 4 Settings menu The Settings menu press the o key in the Main menu contains various settings for the analyzer Press g once again to access additional settings The Frequency correction sub menu allows correcting the internal VFO frequency ppm parts per million units are used The Anti RF feature AA 520 only may be used to increase RF immunity for instance in case of active transmitters located nearby 4 5 Computer connection RigExpert antenna analyzers may be connected to a personal computer for displaying measurement results on its screen taking screen shots of the LCD as well as for updating the firmware
7. is an easier way to do the same job by using the SWR2Air mode The result of SWR measurement is transmitted on a user specified frequency where it can be heard with a portable HF or VHF FM radio The length of audio signal coming from the loudspeaker of the portable radio depends on the value of measured SWR The SWR2Air mode is activated by pressing the fg combination in the SWR measurement screen fg PA allows setting the frequency to tune the receiver to 4 2 3 MultiSWR mode RigExpert antenna analyzers have a unique ability to display SWR for up to five different frequencies at a time MultiSwR rg MultiSwR pia amp 700 kHz SWR 1 26 BTookHz EC 444100kH2 SwWR 25 14100kH EZ 24200kHz2 SwR 4 28 21 200kH EC R75000kH2 SwR 4 6 rT5000kH EZ 100 000 kHz Sw 4 27 100 000 kH ZC You may use this feature to tune multi band antennas Use up and down cursor keys to select a frequency to be set or changed Press the o key to switch between SWR bars and numerical representation of these parameters 4 2 4 Show all mode The Show all mode the 8 key will show various parameters of a load on a single screen Particularly SWR IZI magnitude of impedance as well as its active R and reactive X components are shown Additionally corresponding values of inductance L or capacitance C are displayed Show all We2s0kHe Siw 1 04 Series model ll 52 10 Fe 24 A Oo L 2 nH Please notice t
8. physical length of a cable 1 Locate a resonant frequency by using single point measurement mode or R X graph Example kso 483524000 kHz 100 The 1 4 wave resonant frequency of the piece of open circuited RG 58 cable is 4835 kHz Please notice that RigExpert AA 520 displays absolute value of the reactance 2 Knowing the electromagnetic constant and the velocity factor of the particular type of cable find the speed of electromagnetic wave in this cable Example 299 792 458 0 66 197 863 022 meters per second or 983 571 056 0 66 649 156 897 feet per second 3 Calculate the physical length of the cable by dividing the above speed by the resonant frequency in Hz and multiplying the result by the number which corresponds to the location of this resonant frequency 1 4 1 2 3 4 1 5 4 etc Example 197 863 022 4 835 000 1 4 10 23 meters or 649 156 897 4 835 000 1 4 33 56 feet The actual length of this cable is 10 09 meters or 33 1 feet which is about 1 off the calculated result 14 5 2 3 Velocity factor measurement For a known resonant frequency and physical length of a cable the actual value of the velocity factor can be easily measured 1 Locate a resonant frequency as described above Example 10 09 meters 33 10 feet of open circuited cable Resonant frequency is 4835 kHz at the 1 4 wave point 2 Calculate the speed of electromagnetic wave in t
9. 1 2 Adjusting the antenna ssseeeeeeesssssssesesererreeesssssssee 12 5 2 Coaxial INES Gerea E EEE EEEE IE ENGE 13 5 2 1 Open and short circuited cables ccceeeeeeeeeeeees 13 5 2 2 Cable length measurement sssseeeeeeseeeereeesssssseee 13 5 2 3 Velocity factor measurement ssseseeeeeeseereeessssssee 15 5 2 4 Cable fault location sooeeseeeseeeesssssssseesserreessssssssee 15 5 2 5 Making 1 4 A 1 2 A and other coaxial stubs 16 5 2 6 Measuring the characteristic impedance 17 5 3 Measurement of other elements ceceeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 18 5 3 1 Capacitors and inductors ccs ic socks scetcicden anes dacetectdecses 18 5 32 Transformers ooper oee e Ea EEEE award 19 5 4 RF signal generator eeeeeneeeesssssssereereesssssssssssssrerreeesss 19 6 TDR Time Domain Reflectometer mode cccceeee 20 0 1e TC ORY aier e E sea an kes 20 G2 RAG LC EE EE E E 23 1 Description RigExpert AA 230 AA 230PRO and AA 520 are powerful antenna analyzers designed for testing checking tuning or repairing antennas and antenna feedlines Graphical SWR Standing Wave Ratio and impedance display are key features of these analyzers which significantly reduce the time required to adjust an antenna Easy to use measurement modes as well as additional features such as memory storage and connection to a personal computer make RigExpert analyzers a
10. RigExpert AA 230 Antenna Analyzer 0 3 to 230 MHz AA 230PRO Antenna Analyzer 0 3 to 230 MHz Time Domain Reflectometer AA 520 Antenna Analyzer 1 to 520 MHz User s manual Table of contents te Descriptions nssr E E 3 2O PE ICA ONS areren reee SEs aerer EE EESE EEE EEES EET EEE 4 oe Preca NONS roen eero EEan ep Sun oe cease anaes 5 AAD PCEAUI OM at en rer sans tusweas cate vay axentemantsnaetseacens GE 6 4l Main Meni e ct sec Saewiasecees daceveuusdadidsnacd cbse daar ccescacevdesndes 6 4 2 Single and multi point measurement modes 45 6 4 2 l SWR IO erisia e EEEE 6 4 2 2 SWR2Air mode a ciortaised cetcelond dseensedantained doeseisnd sgemandd ners 7 4 2 3 MultiSWR mode toecsasteccndtcbavcdevasrecereas cocian essere aeceens 7 AD ASS Show all MOG vsncnesaspenitersxcnnnsestonteresprriveseatertuanantude 8 A 5 Graph MOE Sccacecend sete EET e E E 9 AD A SWR eraph o anneer esaeo enese e SAAE EE EERE 9 LI 2R X BEAD ors evasacna se caeoeie es ea EEE RE EEEN REE ER 9 A Dd Memory opetatioN sessen ana a aa 10 AA Settings MENU sirere aie E a eE eaa a Ei ER 10 4 5 Computer Connection esessseesseeessssssseeereeesteessssssssereeeee 10 4 6 Charging the battery eeeeeseeeeeeesssssssseerreeseeessssssssseeeeee 11 4 1 lt Meter test Modeion ii 11 S APPUCAION S es os E E E E AEE 12 Sle Anea Se e aae e ee EEE 12 5 1 1 Checking the antenna sseeeeeeeesssssseseesreereesessssssee 12 5
11. city factor is 0 66 299 792 458 28 200 000 0 66 1 4 1 75 meters or 983 571 056 28 200 000 0 66 1 4 5 75 feet 2 Cut a piece of cable slightly longer than this value Connect it to the analyzer The cable must be open circuited at the far end for 1 4 A 3 4 A etc stubs and short circuited for 1 2 A A 3 2 A etc ones Example A piece of 1 85 m 6 07 ft was cut The margin is 10 cm 0 33 ft The cable is open circuited at the far end 3 Switch the analyzer to the Show all measurement mode Set the frequency the stub is designed for Example 28 200 kHz was set 4 Cut little pieces 1 10 to 1 5 of the margin from the far end of the cable until the X value falls to zero or changes its sign Do not forget to restore the open circuit if needed Example 11 cm 0 36 ft were cut off 5 2 6 Measuring the characteristic impedance The characteristic impedance is one of the main parameters of any coaxial cable Usually it is printed on the cable by the manufacturer However in certain cases the exact value of the characteristic impedance is unknown or is in question To measure the characteristic impedance of a cable 1 Connect a non inductive resistor to the end of the cable The value of this resistor is not important However it is recommended to use 50 to 100 Ohm resistors Example 1 RG 58 cable with 51 Ohm resistor at the far end Example 2 Unknown cable with 51 Ohm resistor at the far e
12. hat RigExpert AA 520 displays absolute value of the reactance X For this this mode you may choose either series or parallel model of impedance of a load through the Settings menu e In the series model impedance is expressed as resistance and reactance connected in series Z R jX xha e In the parallel model impedance is expressed as resistance and reactance connected in parallel Z R JX 4 3 Graph modes A key feature of RigExpert antenna analyzers is ability to display various parameters of a load graphically Graphs are especially useful to view the behavior of these parameters over the specified frequency band 4 3 1 SWR graph In the SWR graph mode press the BJ key in the Main menu values of the Standing Wave Ratio are plotted over the specified frequency range SWE 6 598 500 kHz You may set the center frequency the PA key or scanning range the J key By using arrow keys these parameters may be increased or decreased Press the key to refresh the graph The o key opens a list of radio amateur bands to set the required center frequency and scanning range quickly Also you may use this function to see the whole frequency range supported by the analyzer Press the key to access the list of additional commands for this mode 4 3 2 R X graph In the R X graph mode press the Ry key in the Main menu values or R active part of the impedance and X reactive part are plotted
13. he bars are not filled at all the RF output stage or and detectors are not working properly in the analyzer 5 Applications 5 1 Antennas 5 1 1 Checking the antenna It is a good idea to check an antenna before connecting it to the receiving or transmitting equipment The SWR graph mode is good for this purpose SWE 146 200 2 000 kHz The above picture shows SWR graph of a vertical VHF antenna connected via the 40 m 131 ft cable The operating frequency is 146 2 MHz The SWR at this frequency is about 1 1 which is acceptable The next screen shot shows SWR graph of a simple dipole antenna with a desired operating frequency of 14 1 MHz SwE 14100217000 kHz The actual resonant frequency is about 13 4 MHz which is too far from the desired one The SWR at 14 1 MHz is about 2 5 which is not acceptable in most cases 5 1 2 Adjusting the antenna When the measurement diagnoses that the antenna is off the desired frequency the analyzer can help in adjusting it Physical dimensions of a simple antenna such as a dipole can be adjusted knowing the actual resonant frequency and the desired one Other types of antennas may contain more than one element to adjust including coils filters etc so this method will not work Instead you may use the SWR mode or the Show all mode to continuously see the results while adjusting various parameters of the antenna For multi band antennas use the Multi SWR mode
14. his cable Divide the length by 1 4 1 2 3 4 etc depending on the location of the resonant frequency then multiply by the resonant frequency in Hz Example 10 09 1 4 4 835 000 195 140 600 meters per second os or a 33 10 1 4 4 835 000 640 154 000 feet per second 3 Finally find the velocity factor Just divide the above speed by the electromagnetic constant Example 195 140 600 299 792 458 0 65 or _ 640 154 000 983 571 056 0 65 5 2 4 Cable fault location To locate the position of the probable fault in the cable just use the same method as when measuring its length Watch the behavior of the reactive component X near the zero frequency e Ifthe value of X is moving from o to 0 the cable is open circuited e Ifthe value of X is moving from 0 to 00 the cable is short circuited Please notice that RigExpert AA 520 displays absolute value of the reactance 5 2 5 Making 1 4 2 1 2 2 and other coaxial stubs Pieces of cable of certain electrical length are often used as components of baluns balancing units transmission line transformers or delay lines To make a stub of the predetermined electrical length 1 Calculate the physical length Divide the electromagnetic constant by the required frequency in Hz Multiply the result by the velocity factor of the cable then multiply by the desired ratio in respect to 2 Example 1 4 stub for 28 2 MHz cable is RG 58 velo
15. ion against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment This equipment generates uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual may cause harmful interference to radio communications Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense Copyright 2007 2009 Rig Expert Ukraine Ltd http www rigexpert com RigExpert is a registered trademark of Rig Expert Ukraine Ltd 10 Oct 2009 firmware ver 304 24
16. ly see the end result reflection Impulse coefficient Response 1 frequency F F T 0 distance 1 reflection Step coefficient Response 1 frequency 0 distance 1 The vertical axis of the resulting graphs displays the reflection coefficient 1 for short load 0 for matched impedance load ZLoa Z0 or 1 for open load By knowing the cable velocity factor the horizontal axis is shown in the units of length Single or multiple discontinuities can be displayed on these graphs While the Impulse Response graph is suitable for measuring distance the Step Response graph helps in finding the cause of a fault See the examples of typical Step Response graphs on the next page 21 reflection coefficient Open circuit 1 0 distance 1 reflection Zz gt Z coefficient Load 0 1 0 a ais distance 1 reflection Capacitive coefficient discontinuity 4 0 a 2 distance 1 reflection Capacitive coefficient termination 1 0 distance 14 reflection Lossy coefficient cable 1 1 22 reflection coefficient Short circuit 1 7 distance 1 reflection Z lt Z coefficient coan o 1 0 distance 1 reflection Inductive coefficient discontinuity 1 y distance reflection Inductive coefficient termination 1 0 distance 1 reflection Cable with coefficient Z gt Zo 1 distance as 6 2 Practice Press fgg K or Bal By to o
17. mode and select the full scanning range Perform a scan Rx 100 000 7100 000 kHz 200 100 0 100 200 L Example 1 Example 2 Unknown capacitor Unknown inductor 2 By using left and right arrow keys scroll to the frequency where X is 25 100 Ohm for capacitors or 25 100 Ohm for inductors Change the scanning range and perform additional scans if needed Please notice that RigExpert AA 520 displays absolute value of the reactance 3 Switch to the Show all mode and read the value of capacitance or inductance 18 Show all Show all T4000 kHz Siw oo 190 000kH 2 SWF oo Series model ll 57 6 0 Series model Z 57 1 0 Ft 0 0 02 A 57 Bo Ft 0 0 n ae C 3 pF L 47 nH Example 1 Example 2 Unknown capacitor Unknown inductor Since RigExpert AA 520 can not determine the sign of reactance it displays both L and C parameters 5 3 2 Transformers The analyzer can be used for checking RF transformers Connect a 50 Ohm resistor to the secondary coil for 1 1 transformers and use SWR graph or R X graph modes to check the frequency response of the transformer Similarly use resistors with other values for non 1 1 transformers 5 4 RF signal generator The output signal level is about 10 dBm for RigExpert AA 230 AA 230PRO and about 5 dBm for RigExpert AA 520 at the 50 Ohm load Therefore these analyzers can be used as sources of RF signal for various purposes Enter the SWR mode or the
18. nd 2 Enter the R X graph mode and make measurement in the full frequency range Example 1 RG 58 cable Rs 100 000 100 000 kHz Example 2 Unknown cable Rs 100 000 100 000 kHz Please notice that RigExpert AA 520 displays absolute value of the reactance 3 Changing the display range and performing additional scans find a frequency where R solid line reaches its maximum and another frequency with minimum At these points X dotted line will cross the zero line Example 1 6 5 MHz max 12 25 MHz min Example 2 13 25 MHz max 29 5 MHz min 4 Switch the analyzer to the Show all measurement mode and find values of R at the previously found frequencies Example 1 54 4 Ohm max 51 1 Ohm min Example 2 75 2 Ohm max 52 1 Ohm min 5 Calculate the square root of the product of these two values Example 1 sqrt 54 4 51 1 52 7 Ohm Example 2 sqrt 75 2 52 1 62 6 Ohm 5 3 Measurement of other elements Although RigExpert antenna analyzers are designed for use with antennas and antenna feeder paths they may be successfully used to measure parameters of other RF elements 5 3 1 Capacitors and inductors Analyzers can measure capacitance from a few pF to about 0 1 uF as well as inductance from a few nH to about 100 uH Be sure to place the capacitor or the inductor as close as possible to the RF connector of the analyzer 1 Enter the R X graph
19. pen Impulse Response IR or Step Response SR graphs IR 4 0m BE l Impulse Response and Step Response graphs The characteristic impedance and the velocity factor of the cable as well as display units meters or feet may be changed in the Settings menu The key starts a new measurement which will take about 45 seconds You may disconnect your antenna or leave it connected to the far end of the cable This will only affect the part of the graph located after the end of the cable Use the arrow keys to move the cursor or to change the display range Watch the navigation bar at the top right corner of the screen to see the current position of the displayed part of the graph The 6 key will start a new measurement saving results in one of 10 memory slots The BJ key will retrieve saved data Use the J BJ combination to edit memory names if needed As usual the key will display a help screen for this mode 23 RigExpert AA 230 AA 230PRO AA 520 This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules Operation is subject to the following two conditions 1 this device may not cause harmful interference and 2 this device must accept any interference received including interference that may cause undesired operation NOTE This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules These limits are designed to provide reasonable protect
20. rge may kill the operator Never leave the analyzer connected to your antenna after you finished operating it Occasional lightning strikes or nearby transmitters may permanently damage it Never inject RF signal into the analyzer Do not connect it to your antenna if you have active transmitters nearby Avoid static discharge while connecting a cable to the analyzer It is recommended to ground the cable before connecting it Do not leave the analyzer in active measurement mode when you are not actually using it This may cause interference to nearby receivers If using a personal computer first connect the cable to the antenna connector of the analyzer Then plug the analyzer to the computer USB port This will protect the analyzer from static discharges 4 Operation 4 1 Main menu The on screen menu system of RigExpert antenna analyzers provides a simple but effective way to control the entire device Once the analyzer is turned on the Main menu appears on the LCD Main menu MD H Settings Scan SWE E Help A Scan ks A Set freq E Show SWE B Setrange B Show all AFC mode More The Main menu contains a brief list of available commands By pressing keys on the keypad you may enter corresponding measurement modes set up additional parameters etc Press the Jj key to see other menu items There are two icons displayed in the top right corner of the Main menu screen e The USB icon is displayed when the
21. ttractive for professionals and hobbyists The new MultiSWR and SWR2Air AA 230 and AA 230PRO only modes are unique for these antenna analyzers The built in TDR Time Domain Reflectometer mode which is available in RigExpert AA 230PRO is ideal for locating cable faults The following tasks are easily accomplished by using these analyzers e Rapid check out of an antenna e Tuning an antenna to resonance e Comparing characteristics of an antenna before and after specific event rain hurricane etc e Making coaxial stubs or measuring their parameters e Cable fault location e Measuring capacitance or inductance of reactive loads bh wWN O00 Antenna connector LCD Liquid Crystal Display Keypad Charger connector 9 14V 500 mA DC Power button USB connector 2 Specifications Frequency range AA 230 AA 230PRO 0 3 230 MHz AA 520 1 520 MHz Display modes SWR at single or multiple frequencies SWR R X Z L C at single frequency SWR graph R X graph AA 230PRO Impulse response and step response graphs RigExpert AA 520 displays absolute value of the reactance Single and multi frequency measurement SWR and R Frequency resolution 1 kHz SWR only mode easily readable bar SWR range 1 10 SWR display for AA 230 AA 230PRO 25 50 75 and 100 Ohm systems AA 520 50 Ohm systems R X range AA 230 AA 230PRO 0 1000 1000 1000 Ohm AA 520 0 250 0
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