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R&S®NRPV Virtual Power Meter

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1. A diagram dialog covers entry fields for configuring diagram parameters in graphical measurement modes Q Depending on the selected measurement the diagram configuration dialogs vary 5 1 4 Menus This section describes the menu structure of the application Menus are designed in window format and display a list of functions Menus are opened with the aid of the mouse or by using the ALT lt KEY gt combination on the keyboard The following figure shows the available main menus of the application For detailed description of the several menu items refer to chapter 6 Settings GUI Reference on page 69 5 1 4 1 Main Menus and Submenus The main menus are located in the menu bar at the top of the screen Fie Configure Trigger Measure Zero Window Help Fig 5 12 Operating concept gt Menu bar Graphical User Interface GUI A list item of a menu marked with an arrow represents a general term and covers a submenu Configure Trigger Measure Zero Window Help He New Task Starting With u Trace Window Open Task Ctrl 9 H statistics window ende Continuous Window E Gated Window F Burst Average Window Timeslot Window Ki Save Task Save Task As Licensing Fig 5 13 Operating concept gt Submenus R amp S NRPV contains the following menus File Configure Trigger Measure Zero GT New Task Starting With Es Open Task Ctrl 5 Close Task
2. oc ee en Fig 6 59 Measure gt Statistics gt Diagram gt Plot The Plot tab in the statistics diagram configuration dialog covers parameters for designing the statistics measurement display In this dialog you can configure the screen resolution and grid lines and assign a name to the measurement window Horiz Resolution Sets the number of pixels to specify the horizontal resolution This setting is valid for all statistics measurements The R amp S NRPV synchronizes an updated resolution with the sensor Grid lines Sets grid lines to be displayed or hidden Name Applies a designated name to the statistics measurement window Measure 6 4 3 8 Marker Marker Configuration Statistics 1 X 4 Marker Y Marker Ki Position op 000 Right position Move to viewing area Position of values Top right Fig 6 60 Measure gt Statistics gt Marker In statistics mode you can assign markers to points for performing automated mea surements The marker configuration dialog covers entry fields for setting markers of the x and y axis and to determine the position of marker information in the display X Marker Position Sets the X marker position in dBm Y Marker Position Sets the Y marker position in Right Position Y Marker Position Places the probability marker on the right position otherwise the marker is positioned on left hand side Move to viewing area Moves the X and
3. Starting the R amp S NRPV Software Starting the R amp S NRPV Software License required For using the R amp S NRPV with the R amp S NRPxxS N no license key is needed You can use the R amp S NRPV and all its functions for free Power measurement with R amp S NRP Zxx Power Sensors and R amp S NRPV requires a license key for activating the sensor Contact the R amp S sales department for purchase If you have already purchased license s refer to chapter 3 6 1 Activating with License on page 19 for activating your sensor in the R amp S NRPV If a sensor is connected without a license you can activate the sensor temporarily for example to explore the functionality of the software See chapter 3 6 2 Activating without License for Temporary Use on page 20 To start the R amp S NRPV perform one of the following e Inthe Windows taskbar select Start gt Programs gt NRPV Virtual Power Meter gt NRPV Virtual Power Meter fg Programs fm NRPY Virtual Power Meter ST NRPV Manual NRPV Release Notes a NRPV Virtual Power Meter Documents Fig 3 5 Start R amp S NRPV e On the desktop select the R amp S NRPV icon RAS NRPY Virtual Power Meter Fig 3 6 R amp S NRPV Desktop icon The icon has been automatically created during installation e Inthe Windows Explorer select PROGRAMFILES Rohde Schwarz RS_ NRPV exe Where PROGRAMFILES is a System variable and refers to the directory p
4. To open the recorder window perform one of the following e Inthe menu bar select Measure gt Data Recorder Measure Zero Window Help Trace F2 Statistics F3 E Continuous F4 Gated FS Burst Average F6 M timestot F7 Start F10 Il Stop F11 e Inthe toolbar select the recorder icon M The Recorder window opens Recording Recorder record to Disk iv Ls OE vi gt 9 Lu Fig 6 88 Recorder window The window is tiled into four panels according to the four tracks that can be recor ded per numerical measurement window Selecting the parameters to be recorded You can only select a parameter for recording if the measurement is not running The following example shows how to perform the recording and how to store the recor ded values to the hard disk To enable a parameter for recording switch to the associated measurement window 1 Inthe IN panel of the Continuous Av window open the context sensitive menu t Continuous Av 3GPP FDD Print Copy to clipboard Record Meas Configuration Math Configuration Display Configuration Frequency 1 000 GHz IN OUT REF 0 000 dB Mean 101 739 SWR OUT IN Standard Deviation 359 152 py 29 88 dBm Standard Deviation Count see 19494 100 2 Standard Deviation 32 913 Recording LI Configuration Data Sn
5. Li GRETE y ha WM N IV y M EN dii i i y p j Hold Reset Measurements Timeslots Gates Pulse N dB down Marker Channel OUT Pulse Duration 558 111 ug Pulse Period 4 615 ms Duty Cycle 12 092 Equivalent Sampling Period 625 000 ns Rise Time 9 288 us Pulse Start Time 1 486 us Overshoot Rising Edge 1 791 Fig 5 9 Operating concept gt Numerical measurement window Several parameters as grid reference arrows scale labels trigger marker and level information are provided to configure the diagram depending on the selected mea surement mode Refer to the respective descriptions to the results windows e chapter 6 4 2 2 Graph in Trace Mode on page 98 chapter 6 4 3 2 Graph in Statistics Mode on page 125 e chapter 6 4 4 2 Results in Numerical Mode on page 138 and chapter 6 4 4 3 Graph in Timeslot Mode on page 139 5 1 2 3 Measurement panels FETEST oe Timeslots Gates Pulse Marker Pulse Period Duty Cyde Equivalent Sampling Period 625 000 ns ties Ties LAG MAS me Fig 5 10 Operating concept gt Measurement panels User Manual 1173 0314 02 05 54 Graphical User Interface GUI A measurement panel is arranged underneath the diagram It consists of several tabs which contain the significant parameters of the measurement R amp S NRPV displays the current readings Convenient adjust
6. Menu for zero error correction 5 1 4 2 Graphical User Interface GUI Window Mee Help Tile Alt T Cascade Alt C Activate Next Alt Right Activate Previous Alt Left Close Close All Continuous Window 1 pending Timeslot Window 2 pending Trace Window 1 Fig 5 19 Operating concept gt Window menu A Windows menu contains functions for window handling Help Dr Fy Index Fl About Fig 5 20 Operating concept gt Help menu The help menu with access to the online help and information about the R amp S NRPV software version Context sensitive Menus R amp S NRPV provides special context sensitive menus for each area of a measurement window with the exception of measurement panels Open a context menu by pressing the right mouse button A context sensitive menu within the graphic range mainly contains the functions of the control panel The following figure gives an example of context sensitive menus Print Copy to clipboard Trace Configuration Math Configuration Diagram Configuration Marker Configuration Show Focus values Show Trigger Level MovelZoom a Move Freely Zoom But Move Horizontal Only Move Vertical Only Power Auto Scale ee Zoom In eset Time Axis Fixed Trace Fig 5 21 Operating concept gt Context sensitive menus 9 1 5 5 1 3 1 5 1 5 2 Graphical User Interface GUI For detailed description of the available menus refer to
7. None External External2 Off External External Fig 6 23 MASTER Trigger amp SYNC dialog The MASTER Trigger amp SYNC dialog contains the settings necessary for configuring a trigger master and setting the synchronisation of the sensors MASTER Selects which one of the available sensors shall be the trigger master The Rohde amp Schwarz USB power sensors can be operated in a master slave trigger configuration In such a configuration the user selects one of the available sensors to be the trigger master The sensor which is configured as the trigger master outputs a digital trigger signal in sync with its own trigger event This makes it possible to synchronize several sensors see also SYNC and to perform measurements in sync with a signal at very low power which normally would not allow signal triggering The trigger signal which is out put has a length of 10us and the positive slope coincides with the physical trigger point This way other sensors which are connected to the trigger line and are configured for external trigger will start their measurement s in sync with the trigger event of the master In case of the traditional R amp S NRP Zxx power sensor series there is only one external trigger line Hence the master trigger signal can only be emitted via that connection The newer R amp S NRPxxS N series are equipped with two external trigger lines There fore there is an additional selection for where the maste
8. 0 001 Hide Measurement Notebook Upper Value 7 000 dBm Menu items In a menu a selection can be made from a list The selection list folds down by clicking the menu name Dialog header The header line contains the name of the menu and a button closing the menu The button can be oper ated with the mouse Dialog area Several fields of associated but separately set parameters are organized in an area The dialog areas are separated from each other with a frame Tab Settings fields structured in separate tabs within a dialog Selection field The button indicates that a selection can be made from a list The fold down selection list is dis played below the selection field One entry at a time can be selected from the list If an item is not available for selection it is grayed out and cannot be accessed Check box If the check box is ticked the associated parameter setting is active switched on Tool tip Help function indicating an explanation to the cur rently selected element Numerical entry field A numeric value can be entered Alphanumerical entry field An alphanumeric value can be entered Color selection field Opens a dialog for selecting a color Buttons A button either triggers a single action or calls the next menu User interface element Task A tsk LE 5 2 3 Mouse Operation Operating Selecting field Area for selecting the channel and the sensor r
9. Resolution Table Set a resolution for the unit of the y axis The precision of the displayed result depends on the selected unit Measure 6 4 2 9 Diagram Config gt Axes Diagram Configuration Trace 1 Ed Gates Timeslots Pulse A axis Reference Time Reference Position Time Div Y axis Reference Power 79 000 dBm Reference Position Power Div 3 000 dB Show reference values Fig 6 34 Measure gt Trace gt Diagram gt Axes The Axes tab of the diagram configuration dialog provides setting scale resolution and position of the axes Set the absolute values position and grid of the reference mark ers and switch on or off their display The X axis time scale is divided into 10 equal divisions The same applies to the power scale of the Y axis Set value and scale directly in the control panel Change Reference Time and Time Div for the X axis directly by using the entry fields and the plus and minus buttons in the control panel of the trace measurement dialog and the same way change Reference power and Power Div for the Y axis For additional description refer to chapter 6 4 2 15 Power Scale on page 117 and chapter 6 4 2 17 Time Scale on page 120 X axis Set Reference time position and grid of the time axis In trace measurement X axis represents the measuring time The X axis features delayed and physical trigger mark ers ruler and focus line Delayed trigger marker always
10. Save Task Ctrl 5 Save Task As Licensing Recent Task Files k Exit Ctrl X Fig 5 14 Operating concept gt File menu Contains all functions that belong to task management Create save or recall measur ing data or print the measuring results Configure Trigger Measure Zero Startup Configuration Colour Settings Channel Assignment CtrHA Signal Frequency Channel Settings Continuous Ctrl C Burst Average CtrlHB Statistics Chr Timeslots Chr Gates Chrl G Pulse Measurement Chr Load Template Fig 5 15 Operating concept gt Configure menu Contains functions for setting the startup configuration channel configuration and sig nal frequency Additionally the menu provides dialogs to specify basic parameters for Graphical User Interface GUI all measurement modes and dialogs for loading settings of digital standard communi cation signals Trigger Fig 5 16 Operating concept gt Trigger menu This menu is used for setting the parameters of an external connected trigger source Measure WEIT Zero Window Help fl Trace F2 Hl statistics F3 Continuous F4 BI Gated F5 4 Burst Average F M Timestot F7 E Start F10 Stop Fii Fig 5 17 Operating concept gt Measure menu Menu for selecting the measurement mode Zero All Channels Ctrl Z Select Fig 5 18 Operating concept gt Zero menu
11. Help Tile Alt T Cascade Alt A Activate Net Activate Previous Close Close All Trace 1 Statistics 1 Continuous 1 Fig 6 93 Window menu This menu contains functions for window handling 6 9 Help Tile Arrange all currently opened windows on the screen The window being last active continues to hold focus Tiling maintains the display aspect ratio of the windows Note When the measurement windows are tiled the trace window only shows the dia gram area The control panel and the measurement panel are hidden Cascade Arrange all currently opened windows successively The window being actually focused remains in the same state Cascading maintains the display aspect ratio of the windows Activate Next Sets the following window active Activate Previous Sets the previous window active Close Quits the currently active window Close All Quits all opened windows simultaneously Help He ry Index Fi About Fig 6 94 Help menu The Help menu provides access to the help system of the R amp S NRPV Index Use for help Search for specific words or phrases or choose from a list of keywords Open the HTML document in a browser e g Microsoft Windows Internet Explorer Note Currently Index is not active This function is intended for future use About Retrieves information about software version and licensing of the R amp S NRPV Help About R amp S NRPY Fig 6 95
12. Scope of Applications The R amp S NRPV covers apart from other functions the following fields of application e Test setups and procedures for power amplifiers e Measurement of the frequency and or level response e Fast measurement of the transmission characteristics of filters amplifiers and frequency converters over a large frequency and dynamic range e Measurement of radar systems and their components e Measurements compliant with major communication base station standards such as GSM WCDMA etc 3 d 3 1 Hardware System Setup System setup provides information required to prepare the application for power mea surement The chapter contains soft and hardware requirements describes how to install the software on a personal computer and how to get started The Virtual Power Meter is provided free of charge on the internet at the download site of Rohde amp Schwarz http www rohde schwarz com product NRPV html For using the R amp S NRPV with the R amp S NRPxxS N no license key is needed You can use the R amp S NRPV and all its functions for free Power measurements with an R amp S NRP Zxx series power sensor are activated by pur chasing a license key for each sensor Contact the R amp S sales department for purchase The license key comes with an instruction to activate the power sensor in the Virtual Power Meter Hardware For controlling the sensors by a PC the following hardware prerequisites must
13. at d Fig 4 2 Numeric measurement window of R amp S NRPV ik Trace Window 1 Configuration Trace Math Diagram Marker Power Scale Reference Power 14 650 dBm Power Div 10 000 dB H M f F yr Scale Zoom 1 V E P 1 Scale Freely E Reference Time 233 333 us Time Div 1 000 ms Trigger Timeslots A Gates Pulse N dB down Marker Normal a Trace Math 1 3 PF OUT 2 634 dB 16 355 dBm 45 406 dBm 21 818 dBm 35 Settings Fig 4 3 Trace window of R amp S NRPV Measurement windows are tiled in several sections In the display area you can graphically display the measurement results On the right the control panel provides softkeys for accessing further dialogs and entry fields with measurement related settings In the lower area of the window measurement panels indicate numerical measurement results Additionally you can open a context sensitive menu within each results display also providing access to further functions User Manual 1173 0314 02 05 26 4 1 2 Dialogs GUI Overview Configuration dialogs are designed in Microsoft Windows format covering the same main elements as e g tabs entry fields check boxes or buttons Each dialog provides buttons to apply confirm or cancel the entered settings Configuration dialog Math Configuration Continuous Window 1 Math View Feed 1 None sr N
14. e chapter 6 4 2 4 Context sensitive Menu in Trace Mode on page 99 e chapter 6 4 3 4 Context sensitive Menu in Statistics Mode on page 126 chapter 6 4 4 4 Context sensitive Menu for Numerical Measurement Modes on page 140 e chapter 6 4 4 5 Context sensitive Menu in Timeslot Mode on page 141 Icons Toolbar and Shortcuts Toolbar The toolbar of the main application window contains icons for quickly starting the main functions Timeslot Gated Burst Average Continuous Statistics Trace Window Help L Recorder Channel Settings Save Task Open Task Trigger Settings New Task Stop Measurement Start Measurement Fig 5 22 Operating concept gt Toolbar Each icon features a corresponding item in the menu lists For assignment on the icons to the corresponding functions see chapter 5 1 5 2 Icons on page 61 Icons To execute a task the application provides icons for main and frequently used func tions To start a measurement perform one of the following e Select the E icon e Select Measure gt Continuous in the menu bar e Press F4 5 1 9 3 Graphical User Interface GUI Zero Window Help u Trace F2 R I statistics F3 Continuous F4 BI Gated F5 O Burst Average Fo ID Timeslot F7 E Start Fi I Stop Fil Fig 5 23 Operating concept gt Icons The following table lists the functions that can be started quickly by an icon function key o
15. gt Meas configuration gt Duty cycle This dialog only affects continuous average power measurement of pulse modulated signals In this tab you can activate the duty cycle correction Using duty cycle correction You can determine the correction value as a percentage for pulse modulated signals The sensor calculates the pulse power from the duty cycle and the average power 6 4 4 13 Measure Correction Activates duty cycle correction On Activates duty cycle correction for the corresponding sensor If the duty cycle is measured the R amp S NRPV displays the average power of the pulse In the Info line of the measurement window the O symbol indicates that global offset correction has been activated Note If the duty cycle correction active the entry field Duty Cycle switches to edit mode and vice versa Off Switches off duty cycle correction Duty Cycle Enters the value in percent This entry field is enabled if duty cycle correction is activa ted Measurement Config gt Limits Averaging Unit Relative Auxiliaries Limits Upper Upper Value 0 000 dBm 0 000 dBm 0 000 dBm Lower Lower Value 0 000 dBm 0 000 dBm 0 000 dBm Warning Beep Fig 6 78 Measure gt Numerical gt Meas configuration gt Limits The Auxiliaries tab applies to Continuous Gated and Burst Average measurement modes In the Limits tab you can set an upper and a lower limit for each measurement res
16. in Mouse see scrolling Scrolling the Y Axis e Mouse pointer e Cursor keys UP arrow DOWN arrow Scrolling the X Axis e Mouse pointer e Cursor keys LEFT arrow RIGHT arrow Mouse 4 see scrolling Mouse pointer Cursor keys in combination with the CTRL key CTRL UP arrow CTRL DOWN arrow CTRL LEFT arrow CTRL RIGHT arrow POS1 key Scales the axis according to the charac teristics of the parameter and shows the unit of the mea sured values Shift the graphic along the Y axis up and down When the pointer becomes a L use the mouse to scroll the axis Shift the graphic along the X axis to the left and right When the pointer becomes gt use the mouse to scroll the axis Indicates the recording time in seconds Drag a rectan gle to select the region you want to zoom out Sets the panel display to its Original size R amp S NRPV Settings GUI Reference T Panel focused CO kunne Fo e panel has keyboard focus Naviga tion and zooming is enabled Panel not focused oO Hasene p e panel does not have key board focus Navigation and zooming is locked Evaluating recorded data If you have recorded and saved your measurement there is at least one csv file You can open a csv file with a suitable program for example with a spreadsheet program Notes to the program you use for evaluation e T
17. 104 Math configuration uavsmuknemiakvikumvumavvih 103 Math operation Lunner 104 Ge EEN 102 Max hold of math operation rrrranrrrrrrnnrrvrrnnnrernnnn 105 I 155 10 I EE Oai 102 Measure gates suisssssssnissutsernesirheieisuninbuaviedvintiausinanann 109 Measure timeslots in diagram rrnnnrrrnnnnrrnnnnnnrrrnnnnrr 110 Eu 122 Measurements panel rrnnnnennnnnnanennnnnnanennnennen 98 122 MOVE freely EE 119 Move HON only nd 119 NE VET Heen 119 name marker WINKOW ENER REENEN 114 name of diagram EEN 112 Other SEIN bie 121 POT knuse TIF PU ee 103 Pulse power in diagram rrrrrrnnnnvrvrnnnvrnvnnnnvnnvnnnerennn 111 Pulse times in diagram Lausanne 110 Er ele E 98 Rising edge in diagram suverene in dvn 111 Save Load marker configuration rrrrrrrrnnnrrnvrnnnnnn 114 show marker names dongen Sep ebe 114 Show reference values in diagram errrrnnnrnnvrvnnnnner 108 Signal power in diagram r rannrnnnnnrrnnnnnnvnnnrrnnnnnnnnnn 111 TANG SC FNS EE EE 120 Timeslot average sastiestevaniedeiatiesdvasdevesianiecusisacsdeadenent 103 Timeslots in diagram EE 109 TRE vel 101 TT NN 120 View gates in diagram Lumuqsmasnsndmeiuunsm n 109 View graphically EEN 102 view Marker EE 113 VENN 105 View timeslots in diagram ENEE 109 EE HE eegener PE SE 119 eo EE EE EE EE 101 MACS configurato E 101 Trace diagram Absolute relative rrrrrrnnrrrrrrnnnrvrrrnnnnorrnnnnvnnrnnnnennn 106 e ee 111 PD 107 PENT Eege 111 GACO
18. 121 R amp S NRPV Settings GUI Reference Measurements panel Timeslots Gates Pulse Marker Channel Pulse Duration Pulse Period Equivalent Sampling Period 625 000 ns Rise Time 965 008 us Pulse Start Time 4 613 ms Overshoot Rising Edge SES Pulse Stop Time 557 262 us Overshoot Falling Edge Fig 6 27 Measure gt Trace gt Measurements panel Measurements Panel gt Trace Measurement includes tabs with parameters listed for timeslot gates and pulse measurements View the values of the currently shown mea surement 6 4 2 2 Graph in Trace Mode H AN y T dl Ih i I I I II Fig 6 28 Measure gt Trace gt Graph The results window graphically represents the envelope power versus time Shaped as an oscilloscope display the results window indicates e diagram description bar e Y axis indicating power in dB or W Ee User Manual 1173 0314 02 05 98 6 4 2 3 6 4 2 4 OD Measure e X axis with times scale ins e dotted gridlines awhite arrow showing the reference power awhite arrow showing the reference time relative labels for the scale trigger delay trigger level e markers e graph indicating the result e gates and timeslot lines For detailed information on the symbols refer to chapter 5 1 6 1 Info and Symbols on page 64 Diagram Description Bar Fig 6 29 Measure gt Tr
19. 21 6 4 4 22 Measure Diagram Config gt Timeslot gt Plot Diagram Configuration Timeslot Eg Grid Lines Fig 6 86 Measure gt Numerical gt Diagram configuration gt Tslot gt Plot Activates the view of gridlines in the diagram and assign a name to the measurement window in this dialog Name Applies a designated name to the timeslot measurement window Grid lines Sets grid lines to be displayed or hidden Measurements Panel gt Timeslot men maten mates 2 44 dBm 16 57d8m 15 63dem 22 52 dem 2 03dBm 15 22 dem 15 24 dBm 2 04 dBm 0 41 dB 1 35 dB 1 39 dB WBB Fig 6 87 Measure gt Timeslot The measurements panel shows power values measured in timeslots Activate the timeslot for display in the measurement configuration dialog as described under chap ter 6 4 4 7 Measurement Configuration gt Timeslot on page 144 lt channel gt Displays the parameters average peak and the ratio of average to peak of the corre sponding channel M1 1 Displays the values of the appropriate channel measured in the selected timeslot Recording 6 5 Recording It is often useful to record measured data in order to analyze a signal in more detail after the measurement or to detect any irregularities that occurre
20. 300 ms Continuous triggering with regular trigger events This setting disables continuous triggering so that only one trigger event at time is exe cuted To enable triggering press the 1Trig key The symbol Trigger sequence control appears in the display The trigger sequence control is used to manually control the trigger sequence Trig Initiate a single trigger event manually 1Trig captures the signal irrespective of the trig ger level and applies the trigger event to all channels in the trace window Depending on the state of the Trigger mode 1Trig initiates different events e Single deactivated Stop a running measurement or a start again a stopped mea surement e Single active First selection of Trig1 enables triggering and starts measurement A second stroke initiates one trigger event The next stroke switches to manual trig gering Show Level Show the trigger level line in the display Note Show level only concerns indicating the trigger level line Trigger level symbols are permanently displayed even if show trigger level is deactivated Settings Settings opens the trigger configuration dialog to set the appropriate trigger parame ters Other Section Hold Reset Fig 6 50 Measure gt Trace gt Other Contains a reset button for restarting max hold function Hold Reset Resets the recorded max hold values and then restart Max Hold operation For infor mation on max hold function see chapter
21. 6 4 2 5 Measurement Configuration on page 101 Measure 6 4 2 20 Measurements Panel gt Trace Measurement Measurements Pulse Duration Pulse Period Duty Cycle Equivalent Time Sampling Period 625 000 ns 7 531 us Pulse Start Time 1 171ms Overshoot Rising Edge 1 675 en Kr Overshoot Falling Edge 8 419 20 258 om Distal Power 9 952 dBm Mesial Power I 14 231 dem Proximal Power 19 749 dem EE est z Minimum Power 42 184 dBm Fig 6 51 Measure gt Trace gt Measurements The measurements panel consists of separate tabs which contain the significant parameters for timeslot gates and pulse power measurement and NdB down and marker parameters R amp S NRPV displays the currently measured values Measurements Contains the parameters for configuring the parameters for timeslot gates and pulse power measurement Timeslots Measurements Display the currently measured power level of a selected timeslot Select the timeslot for indicating in Diagram Config gt Gates Timeslots Gates Measurements Show the currently measured values of the selected gates Display the values of av average power pk peak power and the ratio of pk av Select the timeslot for indicat ing in Diagram Config gt Gates Timeslots Pulse Measurements Display the currently measured values of the incoming pulse signal Display the param eters selected in Diagram Config gt Pulse Marker Measureme
22. 92 Measurement modes REENEN 71 Measurement window uk 81 Mere 88 leie PE SEE 84 Number of timeslots suvessaenamiutikk bjem 83 GE EEE 75 Preserve trigger settings NEEN 89 Preserve window settings KEREN 89 Fl Lurer 88 Pulse measurement rrrnnununnnnnnnuvnnnnnnnnnunvnnrnnnennnnee 72 86 S Parameter correction rrrrrnrrrnvrvrrrnnnrnvrnnrrnnrnnennnnn T7 leie ere E e 81 Samping WINGOW ve ssnmaekuemefee bakken 81 SEG EEE EEEE 74 Seral NUMDEF EE 74 Signal HEEN eeebEseuee eene Eegte iageg EE geed 71 80 Signal frequency channel 80 Eu ele il Le E 82 Start fence in gates mode rrrnrrnrrnnnrnnvrnnrrnnrnsvrnnnrnnerr 85 Start fence in timeslot mode rrrrnrrrnnnrnnvrnrrnnnrnnvrnnnnnn 84 SUL GANS EN NE 85 Startup Settings NE 71 Statistics EE 72 83 E LE 89 92 vue ele 87 MEN 12 83 Trigger EN ae 91 Tagger NAT vassverk 92 Trigger EE 91 Trigger level EN RE rican 90 Trigger locked re 92 Trigger e 89 Trigger settings EEN 89 90 121 Kg 001 SoHE EE 90 VENNE end 90 Video bandwidth v r 76 Voltage Power related AA 87 Configure Men vasene 27 57 REENEN EE Ein 74 Context sensitive menu 60 Numerical measurement modes rrrrnnnnrrrnnnnnrrennnnnr 140 TMG SIOL MOTE Lag spennede 141 Context sensitive menus TACE MOTE eege 99 I veve 94 Continuous average measurement Configure channel settings AAA 33 Configure measurement WINdOW rrrrnnnrrnrnnnnvnnnnnnnnnr 35 Configure the display ccccccccessessseeeeess
23. Automatic averaging EE 79 EI gr 79 DTU 79 Max setll TE kraner eddkaskde 79 NOISE COEN nde 79 Average power Trace JET WE 111 Averaging count lt 11 1 EEE EEE REN 102 FE 102 TE 102 AWGN SE ebe 134 B Base power Trace CIA e TC ME CH Basics on power measurement sennssnnunererennnnrernnrnnn 29 SJ REE EEE EE sanets 94 DOP ae 82 Exclude TOM ENN se 82 Exclude OM S and 82 Burst average Ga eli EE 72 82 BE Ha 65 C EL 65 Channel 75 80 Ke EM E 102 die 09 gt os de 90 Channel assignment ccsecececeeeseeeeeeceeneeeeeeeseaeaasees 74 Channel name rrrrrannrnnrannnonnrnnnnnnrnnnnnnnrnnnnnnrnnnnennnnnn 74 Se SEE EE EE 74 Se EE 74 Channel duplication trace configuration ME 101 Channel frequency FEGE E 80 Channel name rrunurnrnnnrnnnnnnvnnnvnnvnnnvnnevnnnnnnvnnnvnnnvnnvnnevunnnnee 74 Channel settings sunusversmnmmemivuvvmuni nevne 74 SAO GOE ge EE 78 Apply gamma correction NEE T7 redrei e e EE 78 Automatic averaging Lusuaemeneinatsms sannisanesed 79 Channel EEE 75 Crossover ranging suagsmeksnssksnatemunmiaibuiv 78 Gamma correction arurarvrnrvnrevnnevnnvnnevsvevanevnnnsnevunennr 77 Global offset rarrarnnrnnnnnnnnnnvnnnnvnnnnnnnnnevnrrsnsnennnnn 76 149 Global offset value rrrrrvrrnrnnnrnnnrnnvnnernnvvnnvnnevnnevnnvsnen 76 Magn SU E T7 Manual ranging cctsaunsctessansesossatecnates comanecuntanncteninantcond 78 Max settl me 79 No
24. Axes In the Axes tab you can set the axis division minimum and maximum power values for the Y axis The Y axis power scale is divided into 10 equal divisions The y scale is defined by two parameters either by minimum and by maximum power or by minimum power and power step per division The entry fields provide the unit of measurement selected in the unit tab Alternatively both values can be entered directly in the results window of the timeslot measurement window These settings only affect the graphical data representation in the application and have no influence on the measurement or sensor configuration Y axis Contains the parameters for configuring the diagram axis for timeslot measurement Min Power lt Y axis Sets the minimum level of the display Max Power lt Y axis Enables the entry field to directly enter the maximum power value of the display The value defines the upper limit of the timeslot results window Power Div Y axis Enables the entry field to enter the power value of one division The value multiplied by 10 the predefined number of divisions defines the upper limit of the timeslot results window Based on the power range of the sensor Power Div is validated featuring the following configuration e Pow Div lt Min Minimum value is set per division e Pow Div gt Max Maximum value is set per division Note In case of start value set automatically no error messages are reported 6 4 4
25. Channel Assignment dialog assign a short name to a channel By default each channel is denoted by capital letters Channel Assignment Channel Sensor Type Name R amp S NRP 211 900001 USB OUT R amp s NRP Z81 900004 USB Fig 4 11 Channel assignment gt assigned name Performing a Measurement with R amp S NRPV At a maximum you can assign three letters as for example IN or OUT Right next to the channel R amp S NRPV shows the sensor type its serial number and con nectivity of the connected sensor Note With one power sensor connected R amp S NRPV automatically assigns the power sensor to channel A In case more sensors are connected proceed as follows a Select the channel intended for measurement b Assign the short name OUT c Select Apply to assign the selection Skip these steps if the channel is already activated d Close the dialog with OK Initializing the power sensor To prevent any previous settings from causing incorrect results always run a new mea surement with reset of the sensor To initialize the power sensor proceed as follows 1 Turn off the test signal before zeroing An active test signal during zeroing causes an error because the measured power is too high 2 Select Zero gt Select gt OUT channel short name Window Help All Channels Ctrl 7 Fig 4 12 Zero channel Zeroing starts in channel OUT This procedure checks the confidence level of the sensor resu
26. Define the start of gate fence to exclude from measurement Enter time value and unit Length Gate Define time value and unit for the length of period to be excluded from measurement Locked Block the entry fields Define if the gate parameters are editable directly or by graphical means Protect the settings against being changed by mistake Configure 6 2 12 Pulse Measurement Pulse Measurement Auto Equivalent Time Sampling Thresholds Threshold Values Are O Voltage Related 2 Power Related High Ref Level Distal 81 000 Ki Mid Ref Level Mesial 25 000 ig Low Ref Level Proximal 1 000 Ki Fig 6 17 Configure gt Pulse measurement Select the algorithm for evaluating pulse signals and set the threshold parameters in the dialog Pulse Measurement Pulse Data NRP Z Analysis R amp S NRPV supports pulse data analysis in cooperation with a power sensors NRP 281 NRP Z85 or NRP Z86 which are working in time measuring mode Power sensors NRP Z81 NRP Z85 or NRP Z86 enable pulse data analysis in mea surement mode time All important pulse parameters are measured after setting the threshold levels The following graph shows most of these parameters Rise Time Fall Time gt i Top Power 4 KEE Distal Power F GET Tee Pulse Period PT E M Pulse Width Il Pulse Off Time Proximal Power gt gt p f 9 Base Power bad KG i SES Pul
27. Fig 6 72 Measure gt Numerical gt Meas configuration gt Tslot In this dialog you can select the channel measurand and timeslot as well as define additional parameters like averaging unit or reference values Channel Selects a channel for measurement The list shows all assigned channels supporting timeslot measurement Note If the connected sensor provides timeslot measurement with the specified global parameters the application evaluates all selected channels Measurand Selects the measurement parameter to be displayed Note In case the same measurand is assigned to a second measurement in the same channel an error message appears Average Selects the average power for display Peak Selects the highest power measured Note Peak is only available if the sensor supports this feature Display Timeslots Selects the timeslots that are to be displayed in the diagram Tabs Besides the settings described above the application provides several tabs for setting further parameters e Averaging parameters see Measurement Config gt Averaging e Units see Measurement Config gt Unit e Relative measurement options and reference values see Measurement Contig gt Relative Measure 6 4 4 8 Measurement Config gt Averaging Averaging Auto Count Ref Timeslot Fig 6 73 Measure gt Numerical gt Meas configuration gt Averaging In the Averaging tab you can activate automat
28. Fig 6 74 Measure gt Numerical gt Meas configuration gt Unit The Unit tab of the numerical configuration dialog contains entry fields for assigning the unit and resolution You can view measurement and math results in linear scale Watt or logarithmic scale dBm Absolute Sets the unit to display the absolute values of measurement dBm Displays the absolute value as logarithmic power ratio W Displays the absolute power value in Watt dBuV Displays the absolute value of logarithmic power ratio expressed as a voltage Relative Sets the unit to display the results of relative power measurement q4 Displays the measured level related to a reference power dB Displays the relative value as logarithmic power ratio AY Displays the power ratio of result and reference power expressed Note When using percentages differentiate between voltage or power quantities and consider the x of a quantity or x more or less of a quantity Resolution dB Selects a resolution to display the results according to that value R amp S NRPV transmits the changed resolution value to the sensor Measurement Config gt Relative Averaging Unit Relative Relative C Reset Ref Value 10 000 dBm Ref Timeslot Fig 6 75 Measure gt Numerical gt Meas configuration gt Relative 6 4 4 11 Measure The Ref Timeslot selection field applies to Timeslot measurement mode In the Relative t
29. Freely Freely changes the position of traces within the results window R amp S NRPV adjusts affected values automatically and even provides moving the graphs How to proceed e Set the cursor to the position you want to move e Capture a trace by pressing the left hand mouse button e Keep the button pressed e Move the trace to the requested position e Release the mouse button to drop the trace at its new position Move Horiz only Move Vert only Zoom In Fixed Trace Zoom Out Changes the position of traces within the results window in horizontal direction Proceed the same way as described Changes the position of traces within the results window in vertical direction Proceed as described Freely selects any section to be zoomed in the results window How to proceed e Set the cursor to the start point e Press the left hand mouse button and keep it pressed e Drag a rectangular shape around the area to be zoomed in e Release the mouse button to execute zooming Note In this way you can zoom in the display in several steps Using Zoom out button you can return to the previous size To reset the zoom select the Zoom Out button The R amp S NRPV does not just graphically perform zoom in operation but reconfigures the sensors and trace parameters to provide more detailed information on the measurement results Fix the trace configuration of the currently performed measurement Moving or zoom
30. Graph in Statistics Mode 7 621 dBm 4 264 dBm 10 887 dam 127 088 G tute Yo Fig 6 53 Measure gt Statistics gt Graph The diagram area graphically represents the distribution or distribution density of the envelope power The results window indicates e Diagram description bar e X axis indicating power in dB or W e Y axis scaled in e Dotted gridlines A white arrow showing the average power e Relative labels for the scale e Markers kd EI e Graph indicating the result and the additive white gaussian noise distribution For detailed information on the symbols refer to chapter 5 1 6 1 Info and Symbols on page 64 6 4 3 3 Diagram Description Bar Fig 6 54 Measure gt Statistics gt graph description bar User Manual 1173 0314 02 05 125 R amp S NRPV Settings GUI Reference The diagram description bar indicates various information on statistics configuration like a selected channel or a distribution function The displayed values and additional information are each identified by their assigned colors that means the color of a value in a description box corresponds to the color assigned to the measurement and graph An arrow at the beginning or at the end of the diagram description bar indicates that not all info on the screen can be displayed Click the respective arrow to scroll through the description bar For detailed information on the symbols of the results window refer to chapter 5 1 6
31. R amp S NRPV synchronizes an updated resolution with the sensor Based on the minimum trace points resolution is validated featuring the following configuration e Horiz Resolution lt Min Minimum resolution is set e Horiz Resolution gt Max Maximum resolution is set Note In case of resolution value set automatically no error messages are reported Grid lines Set grid lines to be displayed or hidden Name Apply a designated name to the trace measurement window Measure 6 4 2 13 Marker Marker Configuration Trace Window 1 arkeri Marker une Trace Math Tee None Auto Peak Ref Marker Name Marker une Trace Math res Ref Marker Marker 1 Rel Power lt Ref Marker Name Maarker3 Line Trace Math Line None Fixed Power 5 215 dBm Ref Marker Fig 6 38 Measure gt Trace gt Marker dialog In trace mode any number of markers can be defined Markers can be assigned to trace points for performing automated measurements You can use markers quite different e g to define a delta to a level or a frequency value to refer to a reference value or to determine the peak The settings in the marker dialog provide therefore countless variations Markers can be defined in the Marker Configuration dialog which can be started by pressing in the configuration panel Initially no markers are defined Press l to add a new marker Indicate the marker in the graph R amp S NRPV Settings G
32. Selection of units and resolution and the parameters that shall be displayed as auxiliary Math Configuration 1 GHz G5M Continuous Av View Math M3 et Tni Relative Auxiliaries Limits EE 16 55 dB marcars Oe utn 0 004 d INav OUT av 4 970e 005 Mear ESCCCCO CCC 92100000 000 26 55 dBm Hardan Se uton 0 003 d5 Fig 4 32 Continuous window gt math results indication The R amp S NRPV automatically tiles the window and shows the math results Performing a Measurement with R amp S NRPV 4 3 4 Numerical Burst Average Measurement The burst average mode is used to measure the average power of pulsed signals In this example a pulsed RF signal with a pulse repetition frequency not exceeding 10 kHz is used The sensor automatically detects start and end of a burst and the trig ger point from the measured signal An external trigger is not required 1 Set the measurement window a Select Configure gt Burst Average in the menu bar Trigger Measure ero Startup Configuration Colour Settings Channel Assignment Cirl A Channel Settings Signal Frequency Continuous Ctrl Statistics CtrlH I Fig 4 33 Configure gt Burst Average Opens the Burst Average dialog for configuring the burst mode parameters Exclude from start and Exclude from end exclude pulse build up and decay phas
33. SetupVl x y exe and follow the instructions of the setup wiz ard During installation the setup program Installs the Microsoft VC Runtime libraries which may take some time Provides selection of the destination directories for the R amp S NRPV application files Checks whether a current version of the NRP Toolkit is installed on the computer If this is not the case a message will appear 15 Setup R amp S NRPV Virtual Power Meter Checking for an actual NRP Toolkit NRP Toolkit low evel USB drivers Important Note R amp S NRPV Virtual Power Meter requires a reasonably recent version of the NRP Toolkit being present This installation procedure has not found an NRP Toolkit version V4 4 or higher Please click on the link below to download and install the latest version of the NRP Toolkit before you start the NRPV program for the first time http ww rohde schwarz com en software nrp s sni The NRP Toolkit can be downloaded for free on the R amp S website http www rohde schwarz com en software nrp_s_sn Connecting an R amp S Power Sensor to the PC 3 3 2 Uninstalling R amp S NRPV Uninstall a version of R amp S NRPV with the aid of the PC s control panel 1 In the Windows task bar Start gt Settings gt Control Panel 2 Select Add or Remove Programs 3 Inthe dialog select Virtual Power Meter V1 x y x y represents the version 4 To uninstall the program select Uninstall 3 4 Connecting
34. To activate the sensor proceed as follows 1 Start R amp S NRPV and first connect the sensor 2 Inthe File menu select File gt Licensing SR Configure Trigger j ae GH New Task Starting With Es Open Task Ctrl 0 Close Task Save Task Ctrl 5 Save Task As Licensing Recent Task Files Exit Ctrl X Fig 3 8 File gt Sensor licensing The Licensing NRP Z Power Sensors for NRPV dialog opens Licensing NRP Z Power Sensors For NRPV Ed Evaluate Without License Fig 3 9 Licensing NRP Z Power Sensor for R amp S NRPV The dialog indicates all currently connected sensors for selection 3 Select the sensor 4 Select Enter License The License Activation dialog opens Fig 3 10 License Activation Activate an R amp S NRP Zxx Power Sensors in R amp S NRPV 5 Enter the license key either manually or with the key code file 6 Confirm with OK to return to the Licensing NRP Z Power Sensors for NRPV dia log Licensing NRP Z Power Sensors For NRPV Select Sensor For Licensing Sh icensed Se Fe Enter License Evaluate Without License Cancel Fig 3 11 Licensing NRP Z Power Sensor for R amp S NRPV gt completed Are there still sensors listed repeat the process for each one provided you have the appropriate number of licenses The lt No unknown sensor found gt message confirms that no unlicensed sensor is connected All
35. Trace gt Math configuration R amp S NRPV Settings GUI Reference R amp S NRPV can combine measured values from several sensors using mathematical functions The math configuration dialog provides configuration of up to four math channels for multichannel measurement Each of the four channels can be assigned to the same or to different sensors If multiple channels use the same sensor the mea surement is performed only once The result is reused for the other channels View selection boxes activate displaying the measured and computed results of each math channels Additionally the following parameters are provided for each channel e Feed 1 and Feed 2 selection of the available channel traces e Selection of math operation e Max Hold function e Selection of the measurement modes Pulse Gate and Timeslot Math operands can be an absolute channel or a constant that is always interpreted in Waitt Math 1 4 Indicates 4 math measurement channels Feed 1 2 Select an available trace a trace memory or a constant channel for the first and for the second operand Note Both operands can neither be the same channel nor constant values Feed 1 Select the channel to be used to calculate the displayed value Feed 2 Select the second channel which is to be used for calculation Operation Select a mathematical function to operate the measurement results of feed 1 and feed 2 SWR Compute the standing wave ratio from the fir
36. Trigger source optional Plugin p supply BNC cable optional supplied not supplied with R amp S NRP Z3 with R amp S NRP 23 Fig 3 2 Measurement setup with an active adapter cable NRP Z3 1 Connect the R amp S NRP Zxx Power Sensors with the USB port of the PC using the NRP Z3 or NRP Z4 adapter cables 2 Connect the signal source DUT Device Under Test and the power sensor Connecting an R amp S Power Sensor to the PC 3 43 R amp S NRP Zxx Multiple Measurement Setup PC with USB host interface Ga fol lol Ca 3 G AC supply Signal source R amp S NRP Zxx GR NI connection R amp S NRP Zxx lol ke pply optional R amp S NRP Zxx eg d Fig 3 3 Multiple measurement setup with a USB 2 0 hub If an application works with more than one R amp S NRP Zxx Power Sensors you proba bly need a USB hub It is recommended that you use an NRP Z5 Sensor Hub which perfectly fits to R amp S power sensors 1 Connect the R amp S NRP Zxx Power Sensors and the USB hub using the NRP Z3 or NRP Z4 adapter cables 2 Connect the USB hub s upstream port with a USB port of the PC 3 Connect the signal sources and the power sensors The following section provides additional information related to the USB interface and information on operating multiple sensors simultaneously Multiple Sensors If multiple sensors need to be connected to one computer make sure that the USB device can provide the
37. Z2 The NRP Z5 can be connected to a PC either with the NRP Z4 adapter cable or with a standard USB cable Separate power supply is not required e NRP ZKU cable with a USB connector only for R amp S NRPxxS N Cables of various lengths for connecting the R amp S NRPxxS N power sensors to USB devices e NRP ZK6 cable with a push pull type connector only for R amp S NRPxxS N Cables of various lengths for connecting the R amp S NRPxxS N power sensors to supported Rohde amp Schwarz instruments 3 2 Software The Virtual Power Meter software runs on PCs with Microsoft Windows operating sys tem R amp S NRPV is available free of charge You can find the program file NRPV SetupVl x y ex6 for download on the Rohde amp Schwarz website http www rohde schwarz com product NRPV html x and y are sub version and build numbers 3 2 1 R amp S NRPV Software Components The setup program contains all components required for installation and operation of the R amp S NRPV RS NRPV exe the executable application file ReleaseNotes txt with up to date notes on the individual components and soft ware versions e Microsoft Runtime vcredist x86 exe Installing R amp S NRPV Virtual Power Meter Software 3 2 2 Power Sensors Firmware 3 3 Since R amp S NRPV works closely leant on the functionality of the power sensors the program checks the firmware version of every connected sensor and returns a list of the sensors th
38. already stored in the application It also supports saving user defined settings and measurement data Usu ally drive C is intended to save user defined data but you can also select any direc tory structure Some default directories are predefined as for example TaskFiles that is recommended by the application The filenames and directories are user select able and can be changed The user data is divided into the following data types e Signal template This file contains samples with basic measurement parameters predefined in the application See chapter 6 2 13 Load Template on page 88 to call predefined settings Note Templates refer to the default application settings and cannot be changed e Tasks Task files contain settings of a measurement See chapier 6 1 File Menu on page 69 for handling with task files For tasks files the directory SAPPDATAS Rohde Schwarz NRPV TaskFiles tsk is selected by default File Menu 6 Settings GUI Reference 6 1 Settings describes all dialogs and functions of the application in detail File Menu gled Configure Trigger Measure Zero Window Help ab Mew Task Starting With w Trace Window Es Open Task Crta CR Statistics Window Close Task Continuous Window f Save Task Chr F Gated Window Save Task 4s EI Burst Average Window Licensing m Timeslot Window Recent Task Files Exit Ctrl Fig 6 1 File menu gt New task The File menu contains all f
39. an R amp S Power Sensor to the PC This section shows some basic test setups and the cabling Putting the Power Sensors into Operation e Functions and features your power sensors are described in the corresponding operating manual of the sensor included in delivery e To prevent damage to the sensor follow closely the instructions how to put the sensor into operation e Make sure that all sensors are connected to the PC either directly or via USB hubs when starting R amp S NRPV For Information on how to check that a power sensor is working properly see chapter 3 7 2 Check if a power sensor is working properly on page 22 If an R amp S NRP Zxx Power Sensors is being connected to the PC the first time the application installs the USB driver for the sensor automatically USB drivers for the power sensors are provided with the R amp S NRP Toolkit 3 4 1 Connecting the R amp S NRPxxS N to a PC There are different ways for connecting the R amp S NRPxxS N power sensors to a PC For a description of this setups refer to the user manual of your sensor Connecting an R amp S Power Sensor to the PC 3 4 2 R amp S NRP Zxx Single Measurement Setup Signal source PC with USB host interface i j R amp S NRP Zxx Fig 3 1 Measurement setup with a passive adapter cable NRP Z4 PC with USB host interface Signal source R amp 5 NRP Z81 R amp S NRP Z3 Ler USB Wi al e et AC supply connection
40. and level Gate 1 Ai Select a particular gate to acquire measurement values The mea surement is performed synchronously over the selected gate R amp S NRPV provides up to four gates for measurement Statistic gate parameters as statistics start time length and fence settings are defined in Gates 6 4 3 6 Diagram Config gt Axes Diagram Configuration Statistics 1 xes A asis Power Div 5 000 dB Reference Position gt Y axis CCDF amp CDF PDF Fig 6 58 Measure gt Statistics gt Diagram gt Axes The Axes tab of the diagram configuration dialog covers entry fields for defining scale and reference position for the X axis and scale in dependency of the distribution func tion for the Y axis respectively In statistics measurement the X axis represents the R amp S NRPV Settings GUI Reference power values and the Y axis indicates the effective frequency of the values The scales of both axes are divided into 10 equal divisions X axis Sets a reference position and grid of the power axis and thereby determine the start value of the power scale Power Div X axis Defines the power value of one division Enter value and unit Reference Position X axis The scale of the X axis is focused on the reference power that means the average power that is applied from the sensor of the appropriate channel Minimum and maxi mum values of the grid cannot be entered directly Relating to the reference
41. be fulfil led Table 3 1 Hardware requirements SS CPU Pentium IV 1 GHz or higher Interfaces USB 1 1 or USB 2 0 3 1 1 Accessories optionally e High speed hubs for USB 2 0 with own power supply for connecting several power sensors For information on recommended USB hubs refer to chapter 3 4 3 R amp S NRP Zxx Multiple Measurement Setup on page 15 e NRP Z3 active USB adapter cable 3 only for R amp S NRP Zxx Power Sensors Supports applications that require external triggering of the power sensor and pro vides separate power supply e NRP Z4 passive USB adapter cable only for R amp S NRP Zxx Power Sensors Supports all basic functions of the sensors like transmission of settings measure ment data and provides power supply of the sensor via the USB bus e NRP Z2 extension cable only for R amp S NRP Zxx Power Sensors Software Cables of various lengths support test setups with distant sources of up to 10 meters e NRP Z5 4 port USB hub adapter box The NRP Z5 Sensor Hub covers a high speed USB 2 0 hub This sensor hub allows to connect up to four R amp S NRP Zxx Power Sensors and supports various trigger modes such as bidirectional triggering from a host like a PC or an R amp S instrument internal triggering external synchronous triggering triggering in master mode together with the NRP Z8x sensors Connection to a sensor is possible with the USB adapter cable NRP Z4 and with cable extension NRP
42. count gt Max Averaging count is set to maximum and the increment button is disabled Note In case of Min or Max count set automatically no error messages are reported Measurements Select the modes to be displayed Pulse Measurements Enable the pulse measurement mode described in chapter 6 4 2 11 Diagram Config gt Pulse on page 110 The corresponding pulse parameters are displayed in the trace measurement window Gate Avg Measurements Enable the gate average measurement Gate Peak Measurements Enable the gated peak measurement mode see chapter 6 4 2 10 Diagram Config gt Gates Timeslots on page 109 The corresponding measurement configuration is dis played in the measurement window Gate pk avg Measurements Enable the gated peak average measurement mode The corresponding measurement configuration is displayed in the measurement window Refer to chapter 6 4 2 10 Dia gram Config gt Gates Timeslots on page 109 Timeslot Avg Measurements Enable the timeslot measurement mode described in chapter 6 4 2 10 Diagram Con fig gt Gates Timeslots on page 109 The corresponding measurement configuration is displayed in the measurement window 6 4 2 6 Math Configuration Math Configuration Trace Window 1 Math MI M2 Operation Ratio Diff Ratio Feed 2 Trace 2 wl Trace 1 Ke None View Max Hold Measurements Pulse Gate Timeslot Fig 6 32 Measure gt
43. damage In order to adjust the attenuation an offset correction value must be set This value compensates the difference between the real signal level and the level at the sensor s input The indicated value corresponds to the real signal level Performing a Measurement with R amp S NRPV a In the menu bar select Configure gt Channel Settings b Trigger Measure Zero Startup Configuration Colour Settings Channel Assignment Ctrl A Channel Settings Signal Frequency Fig 4 22 Configure gt Channel settings Select the channel Channel Settings Video bandwidth 5 Parameter Correction _ Apply Gamma Correction of Source Apply 8 Single frequency O File Ranging Auto O Manual Automatic Averaging Values are Cam Phase Real Imag Sage on PO B Transition Offset 0 000 Fixed Noise Noise Content 0 0100 dE Max Settl Time 4 000 s Equivalent Time Sampling Auto Fig 4 23 Channel settings dialog c Inthe Offset section select Global d Enter the associated attenuation value e Select Apply to assign your entry and confirm with OK Note To make sure that the devices perfectly match it is recommended that you only use an R amp S attenuator Measure power relative to a reference value The R amp S NRPV calculates and displays relative differences between a measured value and a reference value As a reference you can use
44. modulation signal can fall in this frequency range Changing the sampling frequency will make the ali asing effects disappear User Manual 1173 0314 02 05 81 Configure Smoothing Enables a smoothing filter The filter reduces result fluctuations caused by modulation if the aperture time cannot be exactly adjusted to the modulation period e Smoothing creates an approximating function to capture important trends in repeat Relatively slow changes of value result in a close matching of curve fitting 6 2 8 Burst Average Burst Average Exclude from start 0 000 5 Exclude From end 0 000 5 Dropout 1 000 us Fig 6 13 Configure gt Burst average The Burst Average dialog contains excluding times from start end and dropout Channel Select a channel Exclude from start Defines the time gap to be excluded from measurement at the beginning of the burst Exclude from end Defines the time gap to be excluded from measurement at the end of the burst Dropout Define the end of the burst by setting a dropout time in microseconds Modulation spe cific power drops that are shorter than the set value are ignored Note During the dropout time unwanted trigger signals are rejected The set dropout time only affects the internal trigger source Configure 6 2 9 Statistics Statistics Aperture 10 000 ms Lone ze Fig 6 14 Configure gt Statistics Open the Statistics dialog for setting the apertu
45. on page 49 Math Configuration chapter 6 4 4 14 Math Configuration on page 150 Display Configuration chapter 6 4 4 19 Display Configuration on page 154 6 4 4 5 Context sensitive Menu in Timeslot Mode The R amp S NRPV provides a context sensitive menu in the result field of a timeslot mea surement window Open the context menu by pressing the right mouse button The context sensitive menu of the timeslot measurement window mainly covers config uration functions which alternatively can be accessed via the control panel the menu bar or the toolbar The menu also consists of functions as for example Show Hide Markers or Save Diagram Show Hide Markers provides a submenu to individually set markers for display Print Copy to clipboard Measurement Configuration Diagram Configuration Show Hide Markers Z vw Marker 1 vw Marker 2 w Marker 3 w Marker 4 Fig 6 70 Measure gt Numerical gt Context sensitive menu Tslot The dialogs and parameters are described in the appropriate chapters of this operating manual The following table lists the context sensitive menu items and refers to the according descriptions User Manual 1173 0314 02 05 141 Measure piem Jet Print Copy To Clipboard chapter 5 1 1 3 Print or Copy to Clipboard on page 49 Diagram Configuration chapter 6 4 4 20 Diagram Config gt Timeslot gt Axes on page 155 and chapter 6 4 4 21 Diag
46. on the trace window R amp S NRPV displays the active time slots in the diagram as dashed lines The number of timeslots is defined in chap ter 6 2 10 Timeslots on page 83 6 4 2 11 Measure Measure Timeslots Select a timeslot for indicating the measured value in this particular time interval R amp S NRPV indicates the measured values of the appropriate channels in the timeslot tab of the measurements panel Diagram Config gt Pulse Diagram Configuration Trace Window 1 E Gates Timeslots Pulse e UU Pulse Measurement ERD Pulse Times Pulse Duration Pulse Period i Equivalent Sampling Period ah Rising Edge ol Falling Edge es IL Pulse Power 2 Fig 6 36 Measure gt Trace gt Diagram gt Pulse In the Pulse tab of the trace diagram configuration window you can enable specific pulse measurement values for display The measurement parameters are grouped as follows e Pulse Times covering duration period and duty cycle e Rising Edge including rise time pulse start time and overshoot e Falling Edge including fall time pulse stop time and overshoot e Pulse Power with top base distal mesial and proximal power parameters e Signal Power covering peak average and minimum power Table 6 3 Select the checkbox to enter one of three possible states Check Show the value in the table of the measurement panel Show Graphically represent the value in the diagram and show the value in the
47. selected R amp S NRPV Settings GUI Reference mere It is possible to assign one channel to a measurement only View Select the measurement result to be viewed on display Marker Define a marker for either power or for density distribution and set the positions With the aid of markers you can calculate scalar values at the marker positions X Marker Marker View the marker positioned to a power value in the measurement window The value of the distribution or the distribution density is measured and displayed Y Marker Marker Display the marker positioned to a value of distribution or distribution density The power is measured and displayed Acquisition Configure data acquisition parameters to be performed by the R amp S power sensor Total Samples Acquisition Enter a minimum number of samples for statistics measurement The parameter is used to calculate the measurement time considering the minimum and maximum val ues of the connected sensors Measurand Acquisition Selects the distribution function for signal measurement and display R amp S NRPV sup ports the distribution functions CDF the CCDF and PDF Distribution Function Measurand CCDF Log wi Fig 6 57 Distribution Function gt Function list Updates the sensor and the measurement configuration value The sensor can be set to deliver CCDF statistics data directly CCDF shows the probability that the mean sig nal power will be excee
48. trace diagram NEEN 111 S S Parameter correction o sccccsicnesssacvscnssesscmenennessvacrasestae inn 77 SVI 0 EEE EEE RE ER EE 64 Save Load marker configuration Wee dagro EEN 114 S610 0 ee 8 SNE aeee 65 Selec ng held anne een me ee een ne crete ne SN 65 Selecion 6 EE EEE AE 65 Sensor EN ehre 74 MT 92 SAA een 74 Tv 74 Sensor extension cable NP Z A 9 RUS OP EEE E RE 49 TT EN 74 ETT eege 74 Setting up a continuous average measurement 32 Spor 62 Corresponding functions rrrrranrnrrrrnnnrvrrnnnnennnnnr 61 62 Corresponding EE 61 Corresponding menu items sno snnssenseneeneeseerr ereenn 62 Show marker names Pace dagran WER 114 Show reference values Trace diagram NEE 108 Signal frequency Eg 1 gt EEE EE EE NE EE 80 Valid for all channels Lee 80 Signal power VEE 111 Single measurement Setup ccccccseeeeeeeceeeeseseeeseseeeees 14 Slope FAE Pr 90 RISING CUJO seenen eere EREA were iaune EE 90 MN 90 SIA LEI 0 eege Taz NT 10 Configuration for startup eseu eege ee 72 SE IAD RE EE 17 Software starting Configuration for startup WEE 17 Default settings eege T7 Last active settings ved 17 User defined settings 17 Software components ccccccceesscceceseeeeeeeeseeesaeeeeeeeaees 10 NRP toolkit package EE 10 RPP SN Lee 10 Source external trigger Source EE 90 internal trigger Source samamsarmsaunsissdaminvneve 90 Trigger Mr 90 SEAE EEE EE 6
49. value manually Note Check if the auto filter mode is giving satisfactory results If the power is not con stant adjust a manual optimal filter length setting always manually Continuous Activate continuous mode This mode finds a balance between measurement time and display noise Fixed Noise Activate fixed noise mode Choose an averaging factor that the sensors intrinsic noise 2 stand ard deviations does not exceed the specified Noise Content Having low power limit the averaging factor by the duration of the Max Set tling Time in order to avoid long settling times In the Info line of the measurement window S N indicates when the display noise exceeds the preset value Note Automatic averaging mode Continuous disables Fixed Noise mode and vice versa Noise Content Automatic Averaging Select the portion of intrinsic noise in the measured result Specifically this value gives the permitted relative variation of the result which may not be exceeded for 95 of the observation time Max Settl Time Automatic Averaging Enter time value and unit to specify the upper limit for the settling time If the limit is exceeded S N is displayed in the measurement window User Manual 1173 0314 02 05 79 Configure 6 2 6 Signal Frequency Signal Frequency x D Common Frequency 1 600 GHz Frequency 100 000 MHz Ee Fig 6 11 Configure gt Signal frequency dialog Open the chapter 6 2 6
50. 1 Info and Symbols on page 64 6 4 3 4 Context sensitive Menu in Statistics Mode R amp S NRPV provides a context sensitive menu in the results window of the statistics measurement window Open the context menu by pressing the right mouse button The context sensitive menu of the statistics measurement window mainly covers con figuration functions which alternatively are accessed via the control panel the menu bar or the toolbar The menu also consists of functions as e g Show Hide Markers Move Zoom or Auto Scale Show Hide Markers and Move Zoom provide submenus for selecting further parameters Print Copy to clipboard Measurement Configuration Diagram Configuration Marker Configuration Show Hide Markers Move Marker To viewing Area Move Zoom Zoom In Foor Out Fixed Trace Fig 6 55 Measure gt Statistics gt Context sensitive menu The dialogs and parameters are described in the appropriate chapters of this operating manual The following table lists the context sensitive menu items and refers to the according descriptions CC Print Copy To Clipboard chapter 5 1 1 3 Print or Copy to Clipboard on page 49 Measurement Configuration chapter 6 4 3 5 Measurement Configuration on page 127 Diagram Configuration chapter 6 4 3 6 Diagram Config gt Axes on page 129 chapter 6 4 3 7 Diagram Config gt Plot on page 131 Marker Configuration chapter 6 4 3 8 Marker o
51. 1 000 GHz 10 971 dBm 0 132 dB OUT 2 07 dBm Max Avg Count 2 079 dBm 2 044 dBm 64 OUT OUT av Min 8 83 0B 8 775 dB 9 094 dB Fig 6 67 Measure gt Numerical gt Results window The results field represents a digital meter indicating the main numeric value of mea surement and auxiliary values selected for view under Measurement Config gt Auxilia ries An analog meter graphically represents the results One measurement window covers a maximum of 4 result fields including both absolute and math measurements R amp S NRPV Settings GUI Reference The main numeric result displays either the measurement value or the values resulting from math operations Based on unit the result formats depend on absolute or relative measurement The auxiliary result displays up to three further values of absolute chan nel or math measurement results The result formats depend on measurement mode Resolution is always 0 001 for auxiliary results According to channel measurement and math operation the result designation may contain various information For detailed information on the symbols refer to chap ter 5 1 6 1 Info and Symbols on page 64 6 4 4 3 Graph in Timeslot Mode lal Timeslot Window Hint Markers can be moved to different Timeslots OUTav 0 000 d m 30 000 dem Nominal Width 576 000 us man mass maaa Oe 252 m 16 55 dem 16 70 dBm 17 55 dam 15 1
52. 102 View marker TAGS dagi AN EE 113 Volt ge Power related EE 87 W Waiting for trigger Sele ER NE NE 64 Warning SK ee ER NE NE 64 Window e E asini 167 Activate previous sususmunmumsiasunnmvsnniskigusmmviveien 167 CAS CAS NE EE 167 Ge EEE 167 Glose EE EE EN 167 Er 167 Window men 27 57 166 X X axis Reference position in trace diagram cccccceeeee 108 Reference time in trace diagram cccccssseseeeees 108 Time DIV in trace diagram 2svenesrismmiseaisn 108 Trace JAN Sean 107 XE Chapter overview teste EeEAEEEEEN dee 5 Y Y axis Power Div in trace diagram rrrrannrnnvrvrrrnnnnnvrnvnrnnnrn 108 Reference level in trace diagram rrrrnnnnnnnnnnnvrnnnnnrr 108 Reference position in trace diagram rrrnnrrrnvrnrnnnrr 108 Trace e ER ER AERAR ARRAS 108 Z ZO NE RE EE 165 Repeat zeroing sunde diske ciecbelmeainconnatanees 166 Start zeroing EE ERE 165 Zero MENU RES 27 57 165 FM 118 Zoomed out results display ANEREN 48
53. 137 Display Diagram vasene 137 Gate selection Leed ee nai sieae dtacciueteneiecibandeeneane 137 K NEE 137 Math configuration EE 150 Measurement configuration rrrrrrrrrnnnrrvrvvrrnnnnnnre 137 Measurements panel cccssccceseeeeeeeeeeeesesseeeeees 138 Result 6 rined 138 FN 136 PI SIMON ER RE Ee ks Timeslot results WINGOW reranernnronarernnrrnnnennnennnnenner 139 Numerical burst measurement Apply math functions tege aebeeerjenudede 44 Configure measurement rrrannnnrnnnrrnnnnnrvrnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 45 Numerical context sensitive menu continuous gate burst Scnccncuencnsucandbadacadecuneutnenl auras 141 Numerical entry field WEE 65 Numerical math auxiliaries Tst 2nd 3A EEE EEE 153 FR ee 153 ES RE ENE 153 MEN 153 MG 153 NTE 153 Reset EE EN 153 SE NE NE 153 Numerical math configuration UH EE EE OSO EnO 153 Feed DEE 150 Lmit tab EE 154 Math EE eons 150 NN 151 Relative tab EE 152 TE 151 OMEGA 151 VPN 150 Numerical math limits Upper lower on off vujsusrnerinkssdesn smve 154 Upper lower value rrrrrannrrnrnnnnronrnnnnrvnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 154 Warning DESP EE 154 Numerical math relative rrnrrnrrrrnrnnnvnnvnnnnnernnrnnvnennnvnsnn 152 Ref value EE 153 Relative Vaa 153 Numerical math units ME 151 EEN 152 Resolution E 152 Numerical measurement auxiliaries 1st 2nd 3rd EE 148 Reset created tte eset nents sees EE Ee 148 Numerical measurement averaging PO sa E E E eeeanbaaeas 145 CIE E
54. 3 Diagram Description Bar on page 125 with informa tion on the configured measurements BEES User Manual 1173 0314 02 05 123 Measure Control panel Shows all parameters that are relevant for the display It contains buttons for accessing measurement diagram and marker configuration sub dialogs as well as entry fields for directly setting power and distribution scaling distribution function and some miscella neous parameters Meas Meas Opens the dialog for Measurement Configuration Select color view and channel of up to 4 configurable measurements Set markers and AWGN distribution to be displayed and select acquisition and distribution functions Diagram Opens the dialog to configure statistics display Define the settings of the axes in Dia gram Config gt Axes and apply plot settings in Diagram Config gt Plot to design the display and output of the measurement results Marker Opens the dialog to set the position of the X and Y markers and their values in the dis play For detailed description refer to chapter 6 4 3 8 Marker on page 132 Scale Move Zoom Gate Distribution Function and AWGN Directly enter the values or select settings in the control panel For description refer to chapter 6 4 3 9 Scale on page 133 chapter 6 4 3 10 Move Zoom on page 133 and chapter 6 4 3 11 Gate Distribution Function and AWGN on page 134 R amp S NRPV Settings GUI Reference 6 4 3 2
55. 484 dBm Ref Marker Blue Marker Ref Marker Yellow Marker Rel Time 109 804 us Result refers to Start of Blue Rel Power 3 000 dE Rel Time 568 859 us Rel Power 0 309 dB Trace 2 Task 1 tsk Fig 6 44 Marker example gt traces with defined markers The pulse distance is shown in the section of Start of Yellow gt Result refers to gt Rel Time Rel Time The interval between the two pulses is 568 859 us 6 4 2 15 Power Scale Reference Power 14 650 dem gt Power Div 10 000 dB Fig 6 45 Measure gt Trace gt Power scale This section provides to directly set the reference power level and the Y axis power scale division The Y scale can be represented logarithmic or linear defined in chap ter 6 4 2 8 Diagram Config gt Unit on page 106 User Manual 1173 0314 02 05 117 6 4 2 16 Measure Reference Power Adjust reference power as the upper limit by either directly entering the value or incre mentally shift the level using the plus minus buttons Alternatively set the reference power level under Diagram Config gt Axes Note This setting only affects the graphical data representation and has no influence on the measurement Auto Initiate Auto scaling for the Y axis The lower and upper limit values are computed according to a special algorithm Considering all viewed traces the algorithm deter mines the minimum and maximum values of all the signals R amp S NRPV updates t
56. 7 Standing wave ratio Kli NN 151 hee EE 104 Start FA Fu 84 Fence in gates mode rrrannnvrnnnnnvvrrnnnnvnnrnnnnnnnnnnnnnvnnnne 85 EE E ER ENE 85 Measurement 5 sNRSERR KEEN KREE RNERRENN NENNEN KENNEN SR ERNEn 165 Start FS COPING EE 160 Start Stop Measurement rarnununnnnnnnunnnnnnnnnnunvnnvnnuennnnnnnsnunvunuenuennen 94 SEND eu TE e E 17 72 Default settings suaserereeree Ta 17 72 Last active settings EE 17 72 User defined settings rrrrrrrrrnnnrvrrrnnnnvnrannnvnnnnnr 17 72 Statistics EE EE 94 123 FVN 134 135 Ee ue EE 72 83 Context sensitive menu 126 COMMOL DANG EEN 124 Ke LEE 124 Diagram description bar eut Riesen Guedes geg EEN 125 Ee En e NEE 123 Distribution dr erte EE 135 Distribution Function eege tere E ee 134 Fixed trace ene 134 ENEE 134 MANE ee 124 132 Measurement arnununnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnrnnvnnnnvnnunnnennevnnuneuene 124 Measurement configuration rrrrrrrrrrnnnrrrvrnrrnnnnnne 127 MENN en 133 results WINdOW EE 125 Se EO E 133 Ses gt EE 124 luan 135 Fon 134 Statistics diagram PD 129 GHG MGS ee 131 elei Ee E e VE 131 ME 131 Ed OE EE 131 KA eelere 130 X axis PT ee 130 X axis reference position rrrrrrrrrnnrrvrrnnnrvrrnnnnrnnnnnr 130 Te 130 TN 130 TAST 130 Statistics marker Move to viewing area ENEE 132 Position Of values su huqmuvuusmebrinsssadvkkedbadlsteaknsden 132 A marker POSTION vasene eege eet 132 Y marker POSIUON see 132 Y marker right position EN 132 St
57. 9 dBm 15 27 dBm 2 04 d m 1 36 06 1 43 d 15 5106 Fig 6 68 Measure gt Numerical gt Graph The graphical timeslot average power view contains information listed below e Bar chart with up to 8 active slots e Nominal width e Trigger level e Averaging filter count e Reference level e Marker measurement User Manual 1173 0314 02 05 139 6 4 4 4 Measure All bars are continuously updated The update rate depends mainly on the set average filter count The higher the filter count the lower the update rate and the noise level To the left of the timeslot results window a control panel provides entry fields for directly setting the power levels of the scale If the readings in a bar exceed the upper value of the diagram the R amp S NRPV graphi cally indicates the overshoot by darkening the color of the respective bar Max power Min power 30 000 dBm 70 000 dem Sets minimum and maximum power value for display Both entry fields provide the unit of measurement selected in the unit tab The control panel shows all parameters that are relevant for the display It contains buttons to call sub dialogs for measurement diagram and marker configuration as well as entry fields for directly setting power and distribution scaling distribution function and some miscellaneous parameters Auto Initiates auto scaling for the power axis The lower and upper limit values are compu ted according to a special algor
58. About R amp S NRPV Warning Messages 7 Appendix 7 1 Appendix provides a list of warning messages and makes familiar with the conventions used in this manual It also covers information on software licensing and R amp S informa tion for customer support and service A step by step description for generating a GSM EDGE signal supports getting started with performing a continuous average mea surement Warning Messages Another instance invoked Error R amp S NRPV Error 94 Another instance invoked The application is already running Only one instance of R amp S NRPV can run at a time The program cannot be started twice Maximum number of viewable channels is 4 More than 4 measurements were activated LE 1 Maximum number of viewable channels are 4 Up to four measurements including the absolute channel and maths measurement are possible Duplicate channels cannot be selected A channel was assigned to a second measurement using the same measurand RES NRPV e Ll Duplicate channels cannot be selected E g with one sensor connected an average measurement cannot be performed paral lel on a second channel Error 89 Record variable duplication Duplicate variables cannot be recorded The same record variable was assigned to a record trace Warning Messages Error Record window Trace Window 1 Eg Error 89 Duplicate record variable This record variable is already selected Error 91
59. C 1 RC The measurement is performed in logarithmic scale Note The forward power must be measured in the first channel and the reverse power must be assigned to the second channel RC is the reflection coefficient internally calculated from the mea sured power values P1 in channel 1 and P2 in channel 2 RC 40 P1 P2 20 Tabs Besides the settings described above the math configuration dialog contains several tabs to set further parameters The following chapters describe these settings e chapter 6 4 4 15 Math Config gt Unit on page 151 e chapter 6 4 4 16 Math Config gt Relative on page 152 e chapter 6 4 4 17 Math Config gt Auxiliaries on page 153 e chapter 6 4 4 18 Math Config gt Limits on page 154 Math Config gt Unit Unit Relative Auxiliaries Limits Resolution dB oa el Fig 6 80 Measure gt Numerical gt Math configuration gt Unit The Unit tab of the math configuration dialog contains the entry fields for assigning unit and resolution to the results You can view math results in linear scale Watt or logarithmic scale dBm Absolute Sets the unit to display the absolute values of measurement 6 4 4 16 Measure Note Units for absolute measurement According to relative measurement selected with math function ratio the unit list changes to the appropriate relative units descri bed in section Relative see below dBm Displays the absolute valu
60. Channel duplication Duplicate channels cannot be selected The same trace measurement was assigned to a second trace channel E g with one sensor connected an average trace measurement cannot be performed parallel on a second trace channel Error Trace 1 Error 91 Channel duplication Duplicate channels cannot be selected Reference value cannot be calculated The current measurement result is invalid Therefore the derived reference value on pressing reset will also be invalid Information Trace 1 Deselect channels No other channel can be viewed along with SwF plot Recording is in process The application is currently recording the measurement Prompt with Yes to abort recording With No recording will proceed RES NRPV Recording is in progress re you sure you want to close the record window Index A Absolute Relative Unit in trace diagram Leusmmmesdeensimeesinbusektvs 106 Accessories SVEIS SU E 9 USB adapter CADIS csc sececcednadce inecetaeneci jenicaeabeeateueieete 9 Activate selected communication standard sea0110ea 89 Active fence E 84 85 PCIE DOWEL ver 30 Add Remove marker Hace Te AI EEE Nr 114 AONI EEE EEE 87 Alphanumerical entry field A 65 Application e ele EE 51 AGIAN EE 53 ME Se 51 Ment Dal EN EE 51 NT eo eege 51 Keele EE 51 APOI EE EEE 65 Auto equivalent sampling ccccsseccseeeecseeeseeeseeeeeees 87 AWO rang e EE 78 Auto trigger level E 90
61. E EEE a a a E E AA ES 145 Ref NS Ode 145 Numerical measurement configuration Auxiliaries eee 147 PO VACUA ERE A A TET 145 Continuous gate burst uumevensrsnsnbe mht 142 BIE EEE E E 148 Fe EN 149 Relative Le 146 Timeslot Ge 144 VU 146 Numerical measurement continuous gate burst Channel EEE EE 143 Measurement rumrunnnernnrnnnnevnnvnnennernnvnnvnevnevnennnnnnnvsen 142 TR 143 VPN ED 143 Numerical measurement duty cycle Correction EEN 149 BLE Re eg EENEG 149 Numerical measurement limits VPT Vrvr4rrrs SENE eE 149 Upper lower value rrrrrannrrnnnnnnrrnrnnnnrvrnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnr 149 Warning beep EE 137 149 Numerical measurement relative Ref timeslot EEE 147 EE eet Eege 147 Relative JA 147 FE gege Ee 147 Numerical measurement timeslot Active timeslots rrrrerrrvnrvnrvnrvnnnnnernnrnnvnevnnvnennnevenvsen 144 Channel EE EE EE 144 User Manual 1173 0314 02 05 Numerical measurement unit MU 146 Relative ee 146 Re 146 Numerical measurement WINGOW rrrrvnurnnvnvrnvnnrvnrrnrnr 25 52 Numerical timeslot results window AUO EN 140 MNA EE 140 O Dy EE EE in a oka ER 75 Ee NEE 76 149 Global value Lave kende 76 Offset correction Vava eee 15 SN 910 EEE NE EE 64 OL REE EE ENE KER EE 65 MENN tee 69 LOOKIN ser 69 Operan EEE EE enone ene ene oe 65 Operation Difference in trace mode 104 Math in trace mode rerunnnnrnnnnnrnnnnnnnnnnnennnrnnvnnnnnvnevnennr 104 Ratio in deen e TEE 104 Standing wave ratio in trace m
62. EE RE es 122 SS EE ENER RE 122 HL 122 Trace move zoom FN 119 Trace other section HOT Er 121 Trace power scale MN 118 FT 118 Reference power rrrrnnrnrnnnnnnnrnnnnnnrrnnnnnsennnnsnennnnsnnen 118 Trace time scale Reference IME Lunnesudumrhmini pene SEN ee 120 ENE EEE EEE 120 MED 120 Trace trigger ON Ho Le WEE 121 SSE EE A 121 Tren 89 4 Le EE NN 90 eet ee 121 DE EE ENE EN EN 91 Elte EN ee 91 EE 121 55 ONG EE O EE 92 ES EE ERE 91 EEE EEE 90 ol EE 92 Me 89 SORI ae 89 90 121 E E E E EN 121 ele 90 SOLD oe EE 90 BR deet 91 Trigger ele ON EE 92 HR de Let 90 Trigger nu E 21 57 Trigger on falling slope VIMO eege 64 Trigger on rising slope VIMO EE EE 64 MT 90 MTT 90 Troubleshooting varmes 21 STV SE 21 VE wette 23 U Uninstalling KOS NR Le 13 USB Adapter cable NRP Z3 rrrannrnnnnnrnannrnvnnnrnvnnrnnannrnvanernnnn 9 Adapter cable NRP Z24 rrrannrnnannrnannrnnannnnvnnrnnannrnvanernnen 9 ADR re 9 Lemo cable NRP ZK6 WE 9 USB cable NRP ZKU Leer 9 TE POD coreene e ne ttm aay Akt naar om 9 15 PROMS DCCC MUD EE 9 MENE eege 16 Power high speed hub Lummsastmesmmkenmnetmnienvvn 23 FONT NN eer 23 User defined settings rrarrrrrrannrrrrrannrrvvannnvrnvnnnvennnn 17 72 V Valid for all channels avreise 80 Video BT Waves eneeier 76 View Gales in trace diagram s neeesrriessss ss esesnnvinssinsbnannnn 109 Math in trace mode Java eeteeese 105 Timeslots in trace diagram E 109 View graphically MAGS Lese
63. Fig 6 3 Configure menu gt load template Continuous Continuous opens the dialog for configuring the measurement window settings as aperture time sampling frequency and smoothing 6 2 2 Configure Note For trace and statistics measurement mode signal frequency is displayed in the chapter 6 4 2 3 Diagram Description Bar on page 99 Burst Average The Burst Average contains excluding times and dropout Statistics Opens the Statistics for setting the aperture time Timeslots Opens the dialog Timeslots for configuring timeslot and fence parameters Gates Gates opens the dialog for configuring gate and fence parameters Pulse Measurement Selects the algorithm for evaluating pulse signals and set the threshold parameters in the dialog Pulse Measurement Load Template Opens the dialog Load Template for loading predefined settings of or CW signals or digital standard communication signals like GSM Startup Configuration This function enables you to determine the initial configuration of R amp S NRPV at startup Startup Configuration NRPY Configuration For Startup Gei Last Active Settings Default Settings Fig 6 4 Configure gt Startup Configuration dialog NRPV Configuration for Startup Opens the dialog for selecting how the R amp S NRPV starts Last Active Settings Starts in the same mode which was active during the last measure ment User Defined Settings Starts i
64. Freely Zoom But Move Horizontal Only Move Vertical Only Power Auto Scale Reset Tine Axi Zoom In eset Time Axis Fixed Trace Fig 4 7 Context sensitive menu GUI Overview To access a menu use the mouse or the ALT lt KEY gt combination on the key board Within the results display of a measurement window you can also access the configu ration dialogs or additional functions via context sensitive menus To access a context sensitive menu right click in a measurement window See chapter 5 1 4 2 Context sensitive Menus on page 60 for detailed informa tion Basic Information on Power Measurement 4 1 4 Toolbar 4 2 4 2 1 Timeslot Gated Burst Average Continuous Statistics Trace Window Help at A LO IL I Ce Se Recorder Channel Settings Fig 4 8 Toolbar Save Task Open Task Trigger Settings New Task Stop Measurement Start Measurement The toolbar of the main application window covers icons of the most important func tions To start a function of the R amp S NRPV toolbar perform one of the following e Inthe toolbar select the corresponding icon e On the keyboard use the associated shortcut Each icon features a corresponding item in the menu lists For detailed assignment on icons and shortcuts to the corresponding functions see chapter 5 1 5 Icons Toolbar and Shortcuts on page 61 Basic Information on Power Measurement The following sections contai
65. Indicates when the final value is exceeded Pulse Power Contains pulse power parameters to be displayed Top Power Indicates the power of a complete pulse including rising and falling edges Note This function is provided by NRP Z81 Z85 Z86 power sensors only Base Power Indicates the base power computed in the pulse level analysis histo gram of the trace data Distal Power Indicates the absolute power value of the high reference level Mesial Power Indicates the absolute power value of the mid reference level Proximal Indicates the absolute power value of the high reference level Power Signal Power Contains parameters for continuous signals to be indicated Peak Power Indicate the measured peak power Average Indicate the measured average power Power User Manual 1173 0314 02 05 111 Measure Minimum Minimum power value of the signal Power 6 4 2 12 Diagram Config gt Plot Diagram Configuration Trace Window 1 EN Gates Timeslots Pulse Horiz Resolution Grid Lines Name Trace Window 1 Fig 6 37 Measure gt Trace gt Diagram gt Plot The Plot tab in the trace diagram configuration dialog covers parameters for design ing the trace measurement display Set screen resolution and grid lines and assign the label to the measurement window in this dialog Horiz Resolution Set a number of trace points for the horizontal resolution This setting is valid for all traces
66. Measure menu covers all measurement modes that are provided by R amp S NRPV Perform mode specific numerical measurements trace measurement for pulse analy sis and statistically evaluate power density and distribution Several measurement tasks can be operated simultaneously with data acquisition and evaluation visualized in the graphical areas of the measurement windows A measurement starts immediately by selecting a measurement mode Set measure ment parameters mathematical operands display settings and view the results during measurement Assign modifications with the Apply button provided in each dialog Select one of the listed measurement modes 6 4 1 Measure Functions Trace Trace opens the trace measurement window for pulse analysis User Manual 1173 0314 02 05 93 Measure Statistics Statistics opens a measurement window for evaluating the ratio of the signal density and distribution versus power Determine the density and distribution with the aid of markers Continuous Gated Timeslot or Burst Average Select a numerical measuring mode as e g continuous gated burst or timeslot For these measuring modes the measurement windows are almost similar why the description under chapter 6 4 4 Numerical on page 136 applies to all modes Spe cial features are described explicitly Continuous Select the measurement configuration dialog to set the parameters for continuous power measurement Gated Ope
67. Power Meter Pie Configure Trigger Measure Zero Window Hep SRBBHUAHm Fo A i Continuous Window 1 pending OUT av REF 0 000 dBm 10 57 dB Freq Max 10 685 dB 3 500 GHz 10 567 dB Continuous Window 6 pending INav 72 56 dB Mean Standard Deviation Count 73 670 dBm ase 83 Continuous Window 5 pending 77 92 dBm Stansars Dev arce 67 34 dB Sunsara Dee ner Fig 6 66 Measure gt Numerical window Numerical power measurement comprises continuous gated timeslot and burst mea surements The R amp S NRPV provides for all modes separate measurement windows which are almost similar except of the presentation of timeslot measurement Every result window has its respective tabs for relative reset and auxiliary reset functions About the following description In the following description the information is mainly valid for all numerical measure ment modes covered If there is a special feature for a specific mode it is pointed out Timeslot mode settings are described separately The numeric windows for continuous gated or burst power measurement contain the following sections 6 4 4 1 Numerical Functions Results windows Results windows display the results numerically in the Results in Numerical Mode Timeslot mode features special display described in Graph in Timeslot Mode Measure Configuration controls The control panel contains buttons for access to further
68. R EEE EE 110 DEP res ER Eee ee 110 Equivalent sampling Dertod 110 ed tee ee 111 FANG ETP peer 111 EG GJE EE 109 Gates Timeslots tab Luren 109 EAT EE EE 112 Az ENO ee 112 Measure gates punmunsiummsmneumudeinibaavevnktta 109 Measure timeslots rrnrannrnranrornnnrnvannrnnnnrnvnnnnnnnnnnnn 110 Mesial PDOWET EE EH Minimal e EEN 111 LE TA EE ENE eE E 112 el Ta IS e EE 111 Pr 112 OWED DIV E 108 Proximal PRE Varene nei EE EEEN ENAA 111 Pulse ENN Leite 110 Pulse penod se 110 Pulse POWSF de 111 Pulse start UME E 111 Pulse stop INE ae EI ME CC E 110 FUN gereegelt 110 Reference position cccccecccccseecececeeseeecseseceeseaaees 108 Reference time rrrrrannnrnrnnnnornrnnnnrnnnnnnsennnnnnsnnnnsneen 108 Res CNMI EE EE 106 FEN Eeer i a RISMO COJE EE n SNR IAEA NeoN 111 EO EEE RE EE EE 110 Show reference values rrranrrrnrnnnnrrnrnnnnenrnnnnrrnnnnnner 108 Signal 0 E 111 TNE EEE 109 ele ee 111 lu 110 Uk De 106 VM EG 109 View timeslots E 109 VA 107 108 Y axis reference level rrrrrrnrrrrrrnnrnvrrrnnnronrnnnnvnnnnnn 108 Y axis reference position rrrrrrrnnnnvrrrnnnnvrrnnnnvnnnnnr 108 Trace marker Me GN 114 MA 114 eer 114 Trace math configuration Go EE ENN EEE 103 Fl 103 FORL A Me een er een ene eon ee ere en cee ont mer ere 104 DEE eebe 105 EE EE 104 LG EE EN 103 LE Do NE SE 105 Operation EEE ERN a 103 104 EN 105 Rn e EE EEE 105 VNR 103 105 Trace measurements EGEN En AA 122 LE VG E
69. R amp S NRPV Virtual Power Meter User Manual Frequency 1 000 GHz 1173 0314 02 05 Test amp Measurement User Manual This document describes the R amp S NRPV Virtual Power Meter Software stock no 1173 0314 02 The software makes use of several valuable open source software packages For information see the R amp S NRPV Open Source Acknowledgement provided on the R amp S website http www rohde schwarz com product NRPZ html Rohde amp Schwarz would like to thank the open source community for their valuable contribution to embedded computing 2015 Rohde amp Schwarz GmbH amp Co KG Muhldorfstr 15 81671 Munchen Germany Phone 49 89 41 29 0 Fax 49 89 41 29 12 164 Email info rohde schwarz com Internet www rohde schwarz com Subject to change Data without tolerance limits is not binding R amp S is a registered trademark of Rohde amp Schwarz GmbH amp Co KG Trade names are trademarks of the owners The following abbreviations are used throughout this manual R amp S NRPV is abbreviated as R amp S NRPV the R amp S NRPxxS N Power Sensors are abbreviated as R amp S NRPxxS N and the R amp S NRP Zxx Power Sensors are abbreviated as R amp S NRP Zxx N zl oOo a RK W Contents Eege 5 Welcome to R amp S NRPV ccccccsssssssecscceeeeeeeeessssssceeeeeseeensnesessssneeseess 7 VSCOM SEP een 9 Quick Start ET TE 24 Operating GONE iocscteecseceeee tienes ere ceeoatantcaweaseea
70. SB R amp S NRP Z81 900004 USB Fig 6 6 Configure gt Channel Assignment dialog Note With one power sensor connected the R amp S NRPV program automatically assigns the power sensor to channel A Channel Name Lists the connected channels Channel Assignment Sensor Type Name IN R 85 NRP 211 900001 U56 RSS NRP Z81 900004 USE Fig 6 7 Configure gt Channel assignment gt rename The R amp S NRPV detects all connected sensors automatically and applies capitals to each channel in alphabetical order You can assign a short name to a channel The maximum length is three characters in capital letters as for example IN or OUT Sensor Type Serial Number amp Connectivity Displays information on the connected sensors Current Displays information on the currently connected sensor Previous Displays information on the previously connected sensor Channel Settings The Channel Settings dialog covers entry fields for setting sensor related channel parameters Configure Channel Settings Offset Video bandwidth Apply not available S Parameter Correction Gamma Correction of Source Apply Values are Magn Phase Real Imaa 8 Single frequency Real Source Imag Source Ranging Auto Transition Offset dB Manual Path 1 Automatic Averaging 8 Continuous C Fixed Noise Noise Content Max Sett Time 4 00065 Equivalent Time Sampling Auto Fig 6 8 Configure gt Channel
71. Signal Frequency on page 80 for setting the carrier frequen cies of applied signals The following topics provide dialogs to specify basic signal parameters that are independent of the sensor type These parameters represent the global settings and are needed in principle with the respective measuring modes Changes of these settings are saved in task files See also chapter 6 4 2 3 Diagram Description Bar on page 99 to call up prede fined settings based on a measurement mode or based on a digital standard communi cation signal Common Frequency Apply the entered frequency value to all channels Channel Select a channel Frequency Enter the frequency value and unit of the signal applied to the selected channel Valid for all channels disables single frequency settings and vice versa Note For trace and statistics mode signal frequency is displayed in the chap ter 6 4 2 3 Diagram Description Bar on page 99 R amp S NRPV Settings GUI Reference 6 2 7 Continuous Continuous Window Aperture 10 000 us Sampling frequency Freg 2 Smoothing D Fig 6 12 Configure gt Continuous Continuous opens the dialog for configuring the measurement window settings as aperture time sampling frequency and smoothing For trace and statistics measurement mode signal frequency is displayed in the chap ter 6 4 2 3 Diagram Description Bar on page 99 Channel Select a channel Aperture Width of the samplin
72. UI Reference Line Trace Math Refer to a marker line a trace related marker or a math trace related marker Ref Marker Determine an additional reference to e g an already defined marker or a function This reference is used to position the current marker Function Determine the task of the marker The possible values depend on the settings of Line Trace and Math A table with available combinations can be found below Result refers to Determine an additional reference to e g an already defined marker or a function This reference is used to calculate marker results of the current marker relative to By default the marker results refer to the reference marker It is rarely helpful to define separate reference markers for positioning and result evaluation Add or remove a marker Display the marker s names in the graph that are activated in the View checkbox Assign an individual name to the marker dialog Save Load Save or Restore a marker configuration Show Marker Names All values and parameter of the markers are shown in the marker panel underneath the diagram Additionally you can change the function values directly in the graph by selecting and dragging with the mouse pointer Marker functions in detail Table 6 4 Marker functions Line Trace Ref Marker Application Math Line None Vertical Marker Line Horizontal Marker Line lt Any Marker gt Rel Time and or Rel Marker line rel
73. Warning for example out of range Operating R amp S NRPV operating is similar to the operation of the Microsoft Windows user inter face All menus and dialogs are in the form of windows and can be operated in the same way Mouse or in some cases alternatively keys allow direct access to entries and settings Selected items are blue highlighted a yellow frame indicates that a selected button or tab is active Enter and Confirm Settings Enter values units and text by activating the entry field with the mouse and then use the keyboard Numerous help functions called by F1 function key support the user in measurement configuration Apply Apply the settings to the current measurement without closing the active window Ok Apply the settings and close the active window Cancel Aborts the active window without applying the settings or saving the changes Elements All menus dialogs and diagrams are made up of known elements e g Table 5 9 GUI Elements Operating Configure Trigger Measure Zero Window Help SR New Task Starting With E Open Task Close Task DR Trace Window co aT Continuous Window Kl Save Task Cap EE Gated window Save Task As Burst Average Window mM Timeslot Window Licensing Measurement Configuration Burst 1 Measurement View Averaging Unit Relative Auxiliaries Style Limits Auto O Count 1024 0 0 o Resolution de UN 0 01
74. Y markers in the result window when they are outside the limits of the statistics window Position of values Displays the marker values inside the grid according to the selected location Top left Displays the marker value list in the top left corner of the display Top right Displays the marker value list in the top right corner Bottom left Displays the marker value list in the bottom left corner Bottom right Displays the marker value list in the bottom right corner Measure 6 4 3 9 Scale 6 4 3 10 Scale Y Start 0 001 CCDF DIV 10 000 3i Lw Power Div S 5 000 L Fig 6 61 Measure gt Statistics gt Scale A In this section you can directly set the start value and the scale division of the proba bility axis and the X axis power value of a division The modification of Y axis parameters is only possible in linear scale Y Start Sets the start value for indicating the probability Alternatively you can set the start of the Y axis under Diagram Config gt Axes CCDF Div Sets the value of one Y axis division You can either directly enter a value or decrease or increase the size in fixed steps using the up and down arrow buttons Auto Sets automatic scaling for both of the axis The parameters defining the axes are determined according to the following settings e Default start and stop values for the Y axis CCDF CDF function and best fit values for the PDF functio
75. a previously stored value or you can specify it directly Performing a Measurement with R amp S NRPV a Inthe Continuous Window select Meas to open the Measurement Con figuration dialog Configuration Continuous Window 1 Geng Gase Ze Resolution o 01 8 Lo J cencel_ Fig 4 24 Configuration gt Continuous gt Unit b Inthe Unit tab select dBm for the absolute value c In the Relative tab activate the Relative d Enter 10 dBm Ref Value Configuration Continuous Window 1 EE Relative auxiliaries Duty Cycle b Fig 4 25 Configuration gt Continuous gt Relative Performing a Measurement with R amp S NRPV e Select Apply to assign your entry and confirm with OK 32 Continuous Window 1 OUT w REF 10 000 dBm 16 66 qB Frequency Standard Deviation Count 100 000 MHz 0 005 dB 926 Fig 4 26 Continuous window gt reference value indication The diagram indicates the set reference value and the measured value relative to this reference in this example 10 dBm That means the level of the applied signal is 26 dBm The relative difference between the measured value and the 10 dBm reference value is 16 dBm 5 Configure the display a In the Continuous Window select Display to open the Display Configura tion dialog Display Configuration Continuous Win x Name 100 MHz GSM Continuous A
76. ab you can set parameters for relative power measurement rela tive function calculates the power or the power ratio relative to a reference value This mode is useful for analyzing the stability or drift during power measurement If you perform a measurement with the math operation SWR Standing Wave Ratio relative measurement is disabled see chapter 6 4 2 6 Math Configuration on page 103 Relative Contains the parameters to configure relative power measurement On Activates relative measurement Based on the measured values R amp S NRPV calculates the relative values according to the reference value Relative measurement results as ratio in linear scale Note SWR measurement mode disables relative measurement Off Selects absolute measurement or measurement of the power ratio of two measurements Reset Accepts the currently measured value as reference value This Reset button is enabled when relative measurement is on Note If the measurement result is invalid during reset function an error message pops up Ref Value Sets a new reference value directly or modifies a previously set value Ref Timeslot Selects a particular timeslot for indicating Note Reference timeslot selection only affects the settings in timeslot mode Measurement Config gt Auxiliaries Auxiliaries Ist ir Freq Freq Freq and Mean StDev il StDev StDev ard vw Count S Count Count Aum Reset Fig 6 76 Mea
77. ace gt graph description bar The diagram description bar indicates various information on trace configuration For example a selected channel or a math operation The displayed symbols values and additional information are each identified by their assigned colors For example the color of a value in a description box corresponds to the set color for measurement and graph The arrow at the beginning or at the end of the diagram description bar indi cates that not all info on the screen can be displayed Click the respective arrow to scroll through the description bar For detailed information on the symbols of the description bar refer to chapter 5 1 6 1 Info and Symbols on page 64 Context sensitive Menu in Trace Mode R amp S NRPV provides a context sensitive menu in the results window of the trace mea surement window Open the context menu by pressing the right mouse button The context sensitive menu of the trace measurement window mainly covers configu ration functions which alternatively are accessed via the control panel the menu bar or the toolbar R amp S NRPV Settings GUI Reference Print Copy to clipboard Trace Configuration Math Configuration Diagram Configuration Marker Configuration Show Focus values Show Trigger Level Move Zoorn e Move Freely Zoom Out Moye Horizontal Only Move Vertical Only Zoom In Reset Time Ad eee ete Fixed Trace Power Auto Scal
78. alled as described in chapter 3 3 Installing R amp S NRPV Virtual Power Meter Software on page 11 4 Switch on the R amp S Signal Generator 5 To start R amp S NRPV on the PC select Start gt Programs gt RS NRPV gt Virtual Power Meter 6 Check if the power sensor has reached its operating temperature Generating the Test Signal An RF signal with 1 GHz and 0 dBm level is generated in accordance with the digital signal standard GSM a worldwide used TDMA standard for cellular mobile radio net works For setting the signal parameters on your generator proceed as follows 1 Activate default preset state for starting from a known position 4 3 3 4 3 3 1 Performing a Measurement with R amp S NRPV 2 Select and activate digital standard signal 3 Set the signal level and frequency 4 Activate the signal output Measuring the Average Power Configuring the Channel Sensor and Signal Frequency Configure the channel settings To configure the channel settings perform the following steps Select Configure gt Channel Assignment Configure Trigger Measure Zero Startup Configuration Colour Settings Channel Assignment Ctrl A Channel Settings Signal Frequency Continuous Ctrl C Fig 4 9 Context sensitive menu Channel Assignment Sensor Type Name R amp S NRP Z11 900001 U5B R amp S NRP 281 900004 USB cane Fig 4 10 Channel assignment dialog In the
79. and the start of the falling edge of the pulse Mid Ref Level Mesial Thresholds Set the medial reference level in terms of percentage of the overall pulse level This level is used to define the pulse width T and pulse period Low Ref Level Proximal Thresholds Set the low reference level in terms of percentage of the overall pulse level The proximal power defines the start of the rising edge and the end of the falling edge of the pulse Load Template Load Template Communication Standard Preserve Window Settings Default Ke C Preserve Trigger Settings Activate Selected Communication Standard Fig 6 19 Configure gt Load template Open the dialog Load Template for loading predefined settings of digital standard com munication signals as GSM or CW Communication and standards Communication Standard Default ka Default cw GSM DECT WCDMA 3GPP_FDD WCDMA 3GPP TDD DL WCDMA 3GPP_TDD_UL TD SCDMA Bluetooth DH1 Bluetooth DH3 Bluetooth DH5 CDMA 2000 Fig 6 20 Configure gt Load template gt Select standard Currently the program provides the settings of several communication standards plus a CW continuous wave signal with set frequency and level 6 3 Trigger Default Default values lt standard gt Selects the preferred from standard communication signal CW Settings from the stored CW signal Preserve window settings Determine whether the window setting
80. apshot 2 Select Record and the respective parameter in the submenu for example INav Print Copy to clipboard Frequency Meas Configuration Math Configuration Count Display Configuration Standard Deviation Each panel provides the appropriate parameters for the recording Once a parameter is checked the R amp S NRPV assigns this parameter to a panel in the Recorder window Continuous Av 3GPP FDD Recorder EN N Configurati o fone W Med z INav Panel 1 A Print 50 Copy to clipboard mmm wm l S d Record ly INav Aal Frequency Frequency Standard Deviation i i 1 000 GHz Sen Meas Configuration R Standard Deviation 10 8 6 4 2 d 2 8 Math Configuration Folk sec vi UN Display Configuration lt rm E oe 3 Repeat these steps for the parameters you want to record Recording You can assign up to four parameters to a recorder The assignment of the panels corresponds to the order of your selection Recorder Frequency Panel 1 Fig 6 89 Recorder gt Selected parameters The Recorder window assigns the selected parameter to the recorder panel and indicates the corresponding measurement panel Start Recording To start recording perform the following steps 1 2 In the toolbar start the measurement Z If you want the R amp S NRPV to simultaneously write the recorded measur
81. at is slightly higher than the maximum duration of power fluctuations that are not sup posed to execute triggering Hysteresis Set a hysteresis value of the internal threshold Use this function to eliminate the noise effects on the edge detector of the trigger system Hysteresis is a magnitude added to the threshold The signal level must pass the sum of threshold and hysteresis before the next trigger event can be initiated Trigger hyste resis prevents the trigger system from being activated too fast while the trigger thresh old is just slightly fallen short or exceeded With hysteresis a trigger event is only initi ated if the signal level drops down the trigger level minus hysteresis for positive slopes For negative slopes the level must be higher than the trigger level plus hysteresis value Note Trigger hysteresis setting only applies to the internal trigger source User Manual 1173 0314 02 05 91 R amp S NRPV Settings GUI Reference 6 3 2 Hold off Set a time value in seconds Hold off suppresses trigger events within the set hold off time starting from the last successful triggering Use this function to exclude unwanted trigger events Locked Block the entry fields Determine if the trigger parameters are editable directly or pro tect the settings against being changed by mistake MASTER Trigger amp SYNC Configuration MASTER Trigger amp SYNC Configuration ee MASTER output on SYNC output
82. at require a firmware update Check Firmware Version Firmware Update is recommended MRPY can be used with NRP Zxx Power Sensors which are equipped with older firmware but you may observe restrictions YRP Z81 S N 900004 requires at least firmware v1 31 4 NRP 211 GIN 900001 requires at least Firmware Vd 3 0 To update the sensor firmware use the R amp S NRP Toolkit You find the latest firmware version in the download area of the R amp S website http www rohde schwarz com en product nrpz html http www rohde schwarz com en product nrp_s_sn html Table 3 2 Required firmware versions NRP Z1x V4 13 or later NRP Z2x V4 13 or later NRP Z3x V4 13 or later Installing R amp S NRPV Virtual Power Meter Software This section describes the installation of the R amp S NRPV software on a Microsoft Win dows based PC Additionally the section contains information on the software pack ages prerequisites and uninstalling Installing R amp S NRPV Virtual Power Meter Software Prerequisites Use the latest version of the R amp S NRPV software It is provided at the R amp S website http www rohde schwarz com product NRPV html Close all running applications before installing 3 3 1 Installing R amp S NRPV R amp S NRPV requires at least 50 MB of free disk space Download the latest version of the R amp S NRPV setup program from the R amp S web site http www rohde schwarz com product NRPV htnl Execute NRPV
83. ath Configuration Dialogs Table 5 4 Operating concept gt Math configuration dialogs Math Configuration Continuous Window Graphical User Interface GUI Mi M2 M3 x Trace 2 vi Trace 3 E None x Ratio sl Dit sl Ratio sl Ratio x Max Hold Measurements Pulse Gate Timeslot M d L OD OD E L E Math configuration dialogs contain math parameters and operands Depending on the selected measurement the math configuration dialogs vary 5 1 3 3 Display Configuration Dialogs Display Configuration Continuous Wind EN Continuous Window Fig 5 11 Operating concept gt Display configuration dialog A display dialog covers entry fields for configuring diagram parameters in numerical measurement modes Graphical User Interface GUI 5 1 3 4 Diagram Configuration Dialogs Table 5 5 Operating concept gt Diagram configuration dialog Diagram Configuration Trace 1 E Diagram Configuration Statistics E Gates Timeslats Axes X Axis Absolute Relative Power Div 5 000 dB Resolution Table Reference Position e VT Axis CCDF amp CDF Min 0 001 Prob Div 10 000 PDF sep ox canes J za eee
84. atistics measurement ee te EE TAA 128 VON 129 Channel EEE 127 Free PUM Ende EE 129 Gate JUS TON WE 129 VELL GREEN 128 Measurand WE 128 Measurement 1 4 127 Total samples ACQUISITION rrranrrrrnnrrrrnnrnrnnnrnrnnnnnn 128 VIN 128 User Manual 1173 0314 02 05 177 R amp S NRPV Index X marker EE 128 Y marker ERE EE 128 Statistics move zoom ZOOM OE EE RE 134 Statistics scale AUO EEN 133 E REN 133 ee EE 133 EE EEE EEE EE 133 Status EE 51 Status field REE EE 65 Stop Measurement rnrununnnnnnnunnnnnnnnvnnnvnvnnvnnnnnnnnnevnevnnunvuene 165 ies E 165 Stop recording ME 161 oe SEE EE ER ER 57 ODOLE EN EE E 64 DINE EA AENA NE tees AE A tannin 64 ET 64 Leite a a E E 64 Offset correction acorn shevescacetinesndcedeoveieibaceusibeciesvectiniace 64 S parameter correction rrrrrrrrrrrrnnnrrrrannnonrrnnnnnnrnnnn 64 Trigger on falling slope uLugsersamnanismdns vnsii ji 64 Trigger on rising SIOD EE 64 Waiting TOF tigget EEN 64 A O RE EE E eS 64 CA d L 92 System EL EE PENINE REAA 9 Accessories 0 cccecceceeceececceceeceeeueeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeevaeeueaeeaeeess 9 Hardware components cccssscecseeeeceseeceeseeseeeeeseeess 9 USB PUD geet 9 T E e 65 Task CIOSE EE 69 EU 70 new statistics Leem dene 69 New trace EEN 69 95 Recent task nes 70 EN 69 So SE EE RT 69 Thermal power meter ccccccssscccseseeceeeeceeseeseesessaeeeees 30 TENDEN eee 87 BE EE 88 MEAN 88 Proximal are 88 Voltage P
85. ative to another marker value Power depending on reference marker type lt Any Trace gt None Fixed Time Marker showing the power at a dedicated point of time Auto Peak Marker riding on the current peak of a trace lt Any Marker gt Marker time shifted to the Ref marker Rel Power lt Marker at the next position left to reference marker where relative power is reached Rel Power gt Marker at the next position right to reference marker where relative power is reached User Manual 1173 0314 02 05 114 R amp S NRPV Settings GUI Reference Line Trace Ref Marker Application Math Next Peak lt Marker at the next peak left to reference marker Next Peak gt Marker at the next peak right to reference marker The math traces are handled the same way 6 4 2 14 Example how to use markers The example deals with two pulse traces With the marker functionality the R amp S NRPV measures the interval between the two pulses 7 500 dim ha pia lam dj Em oe EE ee d ra gg aa e Ae wi aA LG AT PT lad F on Ri Wii a mg pe IW mm ai hy I i d W d r E p th ri iy jute D i an r A 1 800 ms Fig 6 39 Marker example gt two traces carrying pulses To define the markers 1 Set the first marker to indicate the peak of Trace 1 the blue trace El Blue Marker Name Blue Marker View Line Trace Math Trace 1 Ref Marker None Function Auto Peak Result refers to Ref Mark
86. atures and settings in the following measurement modes e Trace measurement for representing signal power in the time domain If you are working with an NRP Z8x power sensor for example the R amp S NRPV also sup ports pulse analysis e Numerical measurement modes as Continuous mode to measure the average power of continuous signals Burst mode to analyze pulsed signals R amp S NRPV automatically recognizes the start and end of a burst It is possible to exclude pulse build up and decay phases for example to omit signal overshoots Timeslot mode to display the values in a defined time segment The start and stop of a pulse signal can be excluded optionally for example to fade out slow User Manual 1173 0314 02 05 T 2 3 Scope of Applications edges It is also possible to exclude time domains during measurements for example if power fails in certain ranges Gates mode to exclude time segments during measurement Statistics measurements to evaluate the ratio of the signal density distribution versus power You can view the measurement results directly or represent ratios of various traces and even record and store measurements over a long term R amp S NRPV indicates the measurement results numerically as well as graphically In addition you can setup several measurements in parallel While a measurement is active the others are in standby state and you can quickly and easily switch between them
87. basic information about power measurement To quickly get started a step by step procedure describes how to perform a continuous average measurement e chapter 5 Operating Concept on page 47 introduces the operating concept with the basic components of the graphical user interface and how to operate e chapter 6 Settings GUI Reference on page 69 describes menus and func tions of the application in detail e chapter 7 Appendix on page 169 provides an index and makes familiar with the conventions used in this manual It covers information on warning messages and R amp S information for customer support and service Typographical Conventions 1 2 Typographical Conventions The following text markers are used throughout this documentation Graphical user interface ele All names of graphical user interface elements on the screen such as ments dialog boxes menus options buttons and softkeys are enclosed by quotation marks KEYS Key names are written in capital letters File names commands File names commands coding samples and screen output are distin program code guished by their font Input to be entered by the user is displayed in italics Links that you can click are displayed in blue font References References to other parts of the documentation are enclosed by quota tion marks R amp S NRPV Welcome to R amp S NRPV 2 Welcome to R amp S NRPV the power meter software applica
88. bles the application to continuously show the measurement results in the recorder window Table 6 6 Displayed progress of the recording INav Panel 1 INav Panel 1 INav Panel 1 0 0e 000 0e 000 1 0e 009 2e 009 0 4 0 6 sec sec OUTav Panel 2 OUTav Panel 2 sec SWR OUTav INav Panel 4 Stop Recording You can either stop recording manually or the R amp S NRPV stops recording automati cally when there is insufficient storage space on the hard disk To manually stop recording gt Select in the Recorder window Recording Elements and Controls in the Recorder Window You can perform various settings in the Recorder window that are not apparent at first glance This description briefly explains the functional elements v a gt 9 Standard Deviation Panel 4 p a 0 20 0 15 0 10 0 05 a Fig 6 90 Recorder gt controls 1 measured parameter measurement panel number 2 graph 3 Y axis and unit 4 scrolling shown when the mouse cursor is in this area 5 time scale in seconds 6 zooming indication of the recorder panel with keyboard focus Table 6 7 Elements and controls in the recorder window oe e Jee es Name of the panel Indicates the parameter that is recorded and the mea surement panel it belongs to 2 Graph see zooming Shows the progress of the measured values graphi cally over time Recording gt
89. cation standard 89 Communication and standards cccccccseeeeeeeeeeees 88 Preserve trigger settings ccccccccssssseesseeeeeeseeseeens 89 Preserve window settings KEREN 89 Locked EE EE EE nae eee 85 CEN 85 NE 84 Trigger settings E 92 Low reference level 88 M E le EE e TT Main application WINdow jo scisisiccwicccnsersscwcssnevenevancenwamenveenss 25 Kee le e 29 Main MENU ee 57 Manual ranging ERE 78 Manual trigger level E 90 Marker Se E es NK 132 VL 113 Marker le 115 Marker function Hace 15 0 6 EEN 114 E te ele 115 Marker Name Wee dag aN NEEN 113 Marker refers to Wee 15 10 e ES EE 114 MT 92 ET Ne 92 MA TER EE 92 Math Feed 1 2 in trace mode SE 104 View in trace mode rrrrnnnnanennnnnnanennnvrnnnnnnnennannnnnnennr 105 Mam Ev 104 Math configuration T lee E 150 Va 103 Math configuration dialog suensseusrusnsmeei msssi smievn i 56 Matn fUNCUONS E 115 Max hold Math in trace mode ce sescesceceredcicebueieivaeneedeeoreatiebensneees 105 Te 102 Measurand WCC EE EE AAE T 102 Measure Averaging count in trace mode rrrnrnnnrrrnnnnrrrnnnnnnnre 102 USE ke 94 Channel in trace mode rrrrrrannnorrannnnnrrannnnnrnnnnnnnrnnnn 102 EE eege 94 control panel in trace MOE rrrrannrnranrnnnnnnnvannrnvnnnnn 96 Diagram configuration in trace mode rrrnrnrnnnnnnnrn 105 Diagram description bar in trace mode sssessseeeeeeen 99 display panel in trace mode rrnnnnnnn
90. ccccsscccsseeeeseeeeeeeeeees 87 De 88 Eegeregie 87 HET ve 87 MEG 88 gedu a a A 88 ANE ES te Te E 87 Voltage Power related AA 87 Pulse period TREN en 110 Pulse power TREN 111 Pulse power in trace diagram REENEN 111 Pulse start time MENN EE 111 Pulse stop time Tace NNN EE 111 Pulse times ENN 110 Pulse times in trace diagram EEN 110 Q Quick Start GUE Larsen na NEE 24 R Ranging 0 000 SNE jane demente 78 MU E 78 CIOSSOVED EEN 78 MOL 78 IR Er EEE EE 79 Ratio NEA 151 Ve 104 FP TT FF Se OIG EE EN fun 157 E Tee 157 Elements and Controls cccsscccsseeeceseeeceeeesseseess 162 Evaluating recorded data ENEE 164 VSS e e 157 Parameters re 158 PPS 02 110 TE ER RE 157 EE EEE NE 160 Ee 161 Reference level I EEE EE EE 88 59 EEN 88 Bei 88 Ee TC yee ete 88 MEN 88 FONN 88 Y axis in trace diagram wisatinieiiwiastannieinistaicetmeizdiamixaanted 108 Reference position X axis in trace diagram susesimmsnssisiensvtabdner ansat 108 Y axis in trace diagram sw tiitoniatuctnsicaaesnistamsalesvantantinxaitad 108 Reference time X axis in trace diagram wiioicaiaiwieniaanesnstancormeianiantxaantad 108 Reflection coefficient FE Ge 78 Magh e e 77 TAA OS sipsirin eiri T7 R amp S NRPV Index Pen 77 Phase SOUCO EE chxaentudaretaeilennes TT Resolution Table Unit in trace diagram lee SEA 106 Results COPY to clipboard Lae 50 5 1 EEE EE T T 49 Rise time Trace Nede kk Rising edge Trace e nn ea akan 111 Rising edge in
91. ce Fixes the trace configuration of the currently performed measure ment Moving or zooming the trace with the mouse is disabled Zoom Out Returns the scaling to the size before zooming in If Zooming in has been performed in several steps zooming out operates the same way reversely Gate Distribution Function and AWGN Selects the parameters for time gates and the distribution function and activates the AWGN graph in the display Alternatively you can define the parameters in the dialog chapter 6 4 3 5 Measure ment Configuration on page 127 Gate 1 i hul Fig 6 63 Measure gt Statistics gt Gate Measure Selects one of four gates R amp S NRPV transmits information to the sensor and updates the measurement configuration Statistic gate parameters as statistics start time length and fence settings are defined in Gates Note Gate is available only if free run mode is disabled Distribution Function Distribution Function CCDF log e CCDF Loq Fig 6 64 Measure gt Statistics gt Distribution function Selects the distribution function R amp S NRPV updates the sensor and the measurement configuration Set to CDF the application transmits CCDF to the sensor and computes the CDF results internally Show Ref Curve w Show Ref Curve Fig 6 65 Measure gt Statistics gt Show Ref Activates AWGN reference curve to be displayed Measure 6 4 4 Numerical R amp S NRPY Virtual
92. d imaginary source The gamma correction value sets the complex reflection coefficient of the source A magnitude value of 0 is equivalent to an ideally matched source and 1 corresponds to total reflection The phase angle can be set between 360 0 and 360 0 degrees Apply Gamma Correction Save gamma correction settings Single Frequency Gamma Correction Activate deactivate gamma correction with the set values Re source Gamma Correction Set the real part i e the magnitude of the source reflection coefficient Im source Re source Gamma Correction Set the imaginary part i e the phase of the source reflection coefficient Magn source Gamma Correction Set the magnitude of the source reflection coefficient directly Phase source Magn source Gamma Correction Set the phase of the source reflection coefficient directly User Manual 1173 0314 02 05 77 R amp S NRPV Settings GUI Reference File Gamma Correction Select the file with gamma correction data and activate the gamma correction with data from that file A file contains a table with magnitude phase pairs The extension of a correction file is slp or txt By default correction files are stored in application data directory Ranging Select the measurement path for multipath power sensors NRPxxS N NRP Z11 NRP Z21 22 23 24 28 31 41 61 and NRP Z91 98 multipath power sensors only Multipath power sensors are equipped wit
93. d over a longer period Using the recording function of the R amp S NRPV you can trace numerical mea surement data over a period of time It is especially designed for long term measure ments A graphical representation allows you to quickly view and check the current signal characteristics You also can write the readings directly to a file Each recorded track is stored in a separate file in csv format Since many programs can read csv files in particular spreadsheet programs you can evaluate your measurement at a later time You can select up to four parameters from a numerical measurement panel for record ing During long term recording the function displays data in compressed form Thus you can monitor the measurement data continuously Interactions and Characteristics e Recording can only be started when the associated measurement Is running e lf recording is stopped and restarted previous values are discarded and get lost if they have not been saved to disk manually before restarting e Switching to another measurement window stops the measurement and conse quently the associated recording e Prerequisite for the recording is that you have previously configured the measure ment How to setup for example a continuous average measurement see chap ter 4 3 3 Measuring the Average Power on page 33 e The format of the recorded data is ASCII format with a semicolon used as delim iter Preparing for Recording
94. ded The probability is represented as in the diagram per formed either in logarithmic or linear scale CCDF Log Selects the CCDF complementary cumulative distribution function function with the results displayed in logarithmic scale CDF Log Selects the CDF cumulative distribution function in logarithmic scale The R amp S NRPV updates the sensor using the CCDF function and calculates the measurement results internally by means of CDF 1 CCDF CCDF Lin Selects the CCDF function displayed in linear scale CDF Lin Selects the CCDF function displayed in linear scale Ee User Manual 1173 0314 02 05 128 Measure PDF Lin Selects the PDF probability density statistics function The graph represents the power histogram in linear scale AWGN Adds an ideal AWGN curve as reference to the statistics data display The reference curve relates to the average power and can be used with all statistics modes Free Run Gate Activates measurement with an immediately executed trigger event Note Free Run mode disables Gate mode and vice versa Free Run e Active Free run performs continuous measurement during the selected time interval asynchronously to the waveform If a measurement is completed the sensor is immediately set to initiated waiting for the next trigger event e Deactivated A measurement is performed only once Use free running for the first measurement of signals with unknown timing
95. der chapter 6 2 13 Load Template on page 88 The timeslots can be set interactively in trace measurement mode Fence Contains the parameters to configure the fence Active Fence Activate the fence function Fence is a time interval within the measurement period to be excluded from measurement Start of fence Fence Set the start of fence referring to the timeslot and its length Enter time value and unit Length of fence Fence Define time value and unit for the length of period to be excluded from measurement Locked Fence Block the entry fields Defines if the timeslot parameters are editable directly or graphi cally Protect the settings against accidental changes Configure 6 2 11 Gates Gate Stark 0 000 e Length 1 000 ms Fence Active Start 0 000 e Length 0 000 e Locked or caveat ae Fig 6 16 Configure gt Gates Gates opens the dialog for configuring gate and fence parameters Gates Select a gate Up to four different gates can be configured Measurement is performed only in one gate at a time Gate Contains the parameters to configure the gate Start Gate Set the start time of the selected gate Enter time value and unit Length Gate Define the length of gate for measurement by setting time value and unit Active Gate Activate fence function Fence is a time interval within the measurement period to be excluded from measurement Start Gate
96. dicates 4 available trace measurements Note Channel Duplication In case the same trace measurement is assigned to a second trace an error message pops UD Error Trace 1 Error 91 Channel duplication Duplicate channels cannot be selected It is possible to perform e g an average measurement on one trace and a peak mea surement on a second trace within the same channel R amp S NRPV Settings GUI Reference mers Channel Select a particular channel of the signal to be measured and displayed in trace mode Select one of at maximum 4 channels from the list containing only channels that pro vide trace measurements Note The view checkbox is enabled automatically if a channel is selected Measurand Select a channel specific measurand Since each point represents a time interval usu ally comprising many samples the NRP Z8x wideband power sensors provide select ing what is to be displayed Average Select the average power for display Average power features flicker free display and a smooth trace Peak Select the highest power measured Random Select the power of a randomly selected sample Random power pro vides a realistic display with signal details Max Hold Set Max hold functionality Max hold records the highest value measured for each point independent from Average Random or Peak measurement The maximum mea sured value is displayed Note Click Hold Reset button in the control panel to rese
97. e Configure gt Pulse Measurement File gt Exit Zero gt All Channels Graphical User Interface GUI 5 1 6 Diagrams 5 1 6 1 Several parameters as grid reference arrows scale labels trigger marker and level information are provided to configure the diagram depending on the selected mea surement mode Refer to the respective descriptions to the graphs e chapter 6 4 2 2 Graph in Trace Mode on page 98 e chapter 6 4 3 2 Graph in Statistics Mode on page 125 e chapter 6 4 4 2 Results in Numerical Mode on page 138 and chapter 6 4 4 3 Graph in Timeslot Mode on page 139 Info and Symbols According to channel measurement and math operation the diagram description bar or the result fields in numerical measuring modes may contain various information some shown as symbols The indicated parameters and values and symbols repre senting for example measurement mode numeric and auxiliary values trigger marker or filter values or even warnings are activated for display in the respective con figuration dialogs of the measurement They are each identified by their assigned col ors i e the color of a value in a description box corresponds to the color of the mea surement and the graph Refer to the following table to get an overview on some individual symbols Table 5 8 Special symbols JE 2 er er Waiting for trigger event r 5 2 5 2 1 9 2 2 Operating OO A
98. e Fig 6 30 Measure gt Trace gt Context sensitive menu The dialogs and parameters are described in the appropriate chapters of this operating manual The following table lists the context sensitive menu items and refers to the according descriptions zone opaeee chapter 5 1 1 3 Print or Copy to Clipboard on page 49 chapter 6 4 2 5 Measurement Configuration on page 101 Move Zoom chapter 6 4 2 16 Move Zoom on page 118 Move Freely Move Horizontal only Move Vertical only Zoom In Fixed Trace Zoom Out Power Auto Scale chapter 6 4 2 15 Power Scale on page 117 Reset Time Axis chapter 6 4 2 17 Time Scale on page 120 User Manual 1173 0314 02 05 100 Measure 6 4 2 5 Measurement Configuration Trace Configuration Trace Window 1 Trace 1 2 3 4 Max Hold L View graphically Averaging Measurements Pulse Gate Avg Gate Peak Gate pk avg HEHE Timeslot Avg Fig 6 31 Measure gt Trace gt Meas configuration The trace configuration dialog provides configuration of up to four channels for sensors that support trace measurement View selection boxes activate displaying the mea surement results of each channel separately Also independently of each other the following parameters are provided for each channel e Measurand selection e Max Hold measurement e Averaging settings e Selection of the measurement modes Pulse Marker Gate and Timeslot Trace 1 4 In
99. e Start Time Pules Stop Time Fig 6 18 Pulse data analysis diagram R amp S NRPV Settings GUI Reference The sensor calculates the pulse parameters from each measurement and delivers the results to R amp S NRPV Algorithm Integration Histogram Select the analysis algorithm for detecting the pulse top and the pulse base power of a pulsed signal These two power levels are fundamental for all further signal analysis Note NRP Z81 285 286 power sensors provide pulse data analysis Histogram Computes the pulse levels by analyzing the histogram of the trace data By evaluating the probability density of the values of one recorded trace histogram defines the pulse top and pulse base power level due to fact that these bars contain the maximum number of hits in upper and lower half of the histogram If the signal has too much noise that there is no maximum bar the algorithm returns the min and max peak sample values as base level and top level Note This algorithm is recommended for analyzing most of the pulse signals Integration Detects the pulse top power by fitting a reference rectangle pulse into the pulse signal The algorithm approximates the signal by an ideal signal with the same energy content pulse duration and pulse period by calculating the integral of the pulse power and the according vol tages Note Use this algorithms for pulse signals with fast rise and fall times as well as pulses with amplit
100. e as logarithmic power ratio W Displays the absolute power value in Watt dBuV Displays the absolute value of logarithmic power ratio expressed as a voltage Relative Sets the unit to display the results of relative power measurement Note SWR measurement mode disables relative measurement mq Displays the measured level related to a reference power dB Displays the relative value as logarithmic power ratio A Displays the power ratio of result and reference power expressed Note When using percentages differentiate between voltage or power quantities and consider the x of a quantity or x more or less of a quantity Resolution dB Selects a resolution to display the results according to that value R amp S NRPV transmits the changed resolution value to the sensor Math Config gt Relative Relative Auxiliaries Limits Relative Ref Value 1 000 10 000 der 0 000 dB Fig 6 81 Measure gt Numerical gt Math configuration gt Relative The Relative tab provides settings for relative power measurement Data resulting from math operation can be related to a reference value Relative Activates the relative function On Activates relating function Based on the calculated values R amp S NRPV computes the relative values according to the reference value Relative results are output as ratio in linear scale Note SWR measurement mode disables relative measurement Off Selects absolute outpu
101. e possibility for starting a function A status bar at the bottom covers information on the connected power sensors and the currently active tasks R amp S NRPV Virtual Power Meter File Configure Trigger Measure Zero Window Help ARHHRREAAAM Fo e 34 Continuous Window 1 pending BAR A Trace Window 1 Saas gt 34 000 dBm Mean Standard Deviation 12 149 dBm 0 130 dB lul Timeslot Window 2 pending L TET TURER TF I ae AAA ohlalatn RI RR VET d MALM Th Au VPN li l de LA AA A fr VAA Ab d TY VL VE Har GUY y Y 1 IN IO U j hir di 1 1 d Ir RI Mal AM i aA Wa VP y Measurements Timeslots Gates Pulse N dB down Marker Channel OUT Pulse Duration 558 043 Pulse Period 4 615 ms Duty Cycle 12 091 M3 3 Equivalent Sampling Period 625 000 ns 17 77 dBm 53 Rise Time 8 958 us 16 23 dBm Pulse Start Time 1 535 us 1 53 dB 30 65 dB Overshoot Rising Edge 1 451 GSM ohne Markern tsk EEJ es Fig 5 1 Operating concept gt Graphical User Interface Operation corresponds to windows user interfaces All menus dialogs and tables are made up of known elements such as selection lists check boxes and entry fields A frame indicates an active item Highlighted elements are in edit mode User Manual 1173 0314 02 05 47 R amp S NRPV Operating Concept 5 1 1 Particular Features 5 1 1 1 Zoomed out results display Conveni
102. ed as a table when you open the file The following description refers to MS EXCEL If you use another program the names of the mentioned commands and functions may differ slightly EE User Manual 1173 0314 02 05 164 6 6 6 7 Start Stop Measurement If the data is not displayed numerically convert the ASCII strings manually 1 Select Data Text to Column or a similar command to convert the text format to numerical format 2 Select the as delimiter and In numerical format you can display the results in an appropriate graph for exam ple an X Y diagram in order to analyze and evaluate the measurement Start Stop Measurement Start Starts the measurement in the currently active window This button is disabled if the measurement is running Note The start command activates all the measurements but only the measurement in the active window is performed The others are pending If you switch to another measurement window the R amp S NRPV automatically performs this one The previously active measurement is now pending Stop Stops all active measurements Zero Zeroing calibrates the external power sensor by adjusting its reading at zero signal power For this purpose the RF power source must be switched off or disconnected from the sensor see tips below R amp S power sensors automatically detect the pres ence of any significant input power This aborts zeroing and generates an error mes sage Z
103. ement Recorder YJ Record to Disk gt Rec_20130527 114726_Track 1 4 csv The R amp S NRPV indicates a file name that is automatically generated for the stor age of the records Record to Disk writes the data of each active recording panel a so called track in ASCII format to the hard disk When recording is started the R amp S NRPV auto matically creates one file per recorder panel in the sAPPDATAS path of the com puter that is sAPPDATA Rohde Schwarz NRPV Recording The automati cally assigned file names have the structure REC lt year gt lt month gt lt day gt lt timestamp gt Track lt 1 4 gt csv Tip If you did not activate Recording to Disk you can still save the recorded data manually after recording In this case the R amp S NRPV stores the video data which means the compressed values as shown in the recorder window The longer the recording is in progress the higher the degree of compression Recording 3 Start recording gt gt Recorder Record to Disk INav Panel 1 _ Too 2 0e 009 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 sec iti gt Frequency Panel 1 1 18 009 H 1 0e 009 9 0e 008 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 H 8 sec HI Count Panel 1 sec HI Standard Deviation Panel 1 METTE In the recorder window you can see the progress of the measured parameters over time The R amp S NRPV compresses the readings in particular time intervals by grouping several values This ena
104. emporarily show a thin red bar beneath their icon in the program s status bar The length of this bar decreases until the evalua tion period is expired 3 7 Troubleshooting for Setup Related Problems This chapter contains information to possibly arising problems concerning restrictions the USB interface or if several sensors are attached 3 1 Known Restrictions Only one instance of R amp S NRPV can run at a time multiple program invocation is not supported At program start a test routine checks if any other instance is already run ning If the program is started twice a warning message appears Message LI Another program instance is already running aborting Fig 3 14 Single instance warning A simultaneous operation of R amp S NRPV with other software using the R amp S power sen sors for example R amp S Power Viewer Plus is also not supported Troubleshooting for Setup Related Problems 3 2 Check if a power sensor is working properly 1 On the desktop select Start gt Settings gt Control Panel p Control Panel L Settings Ki Network Connections Search Si Printers and Faxes EI Help and Support A Taskbar and Start Menu Fig 3 15 Settings gt Control Panel 2 Select the System Properties dialog System Properties System Restore Automatic Updates General Computer Name Hardware Device Manager The Device Manager lists all the hardware de
105. enseseeeeseas 36 Generating the test signal cccccccsssseeeeeeseeneeees 32 Performing the measurement nsonnnnseoseennreeeennnene 31 Set offset correction E 36 Set tace MONS seede uden sad 42 UN 36 Setting the frequency cccccsssssseeececeenssseeeecsaneeeees 33 EJ e E 32 Start measurement rrrnrnnnrnnnnnnvrnnnnnnrnnrnnnrrnnssnennnnnnn 36 Zeroing the power Sensor NEEN 33 Copy Measurement results ANERER ENEE 50 CODY to chipboard ebe 50 CODY DNT ae 49 Crossover ranging E 78 D Data management Aere 68 Default settings sea aasessenre eee ebed 17 72 Definition Absolute ele EE 30 Active NE se 30 Aperture time ved 35 Arbitrary reference POWET cccccssesseeeeeesaneeeeeeees 30 Average POET E 30 Instantaneous Dower ssnnsenneennsennnnnnonnrennrrnrrrnrrrenne 30 FOT E 30 Relative power level cccccccccssceceeseeseeseeseeesseeeesees 30 Delay TT NE He 91 Re NEE 53 Diagram configuration Axes in statistics mode ANERER 129 Axes in trace mode eeneg Greter 107 Gates in trace mode rrrrrrrrnnnnnvrnvrrnnnrnnvnnrrnnsrnnvnnnnnnn 109 Plot settings in statistics mode rrarnernvnnnnornvnnnernnnn 131 Plot settings in trace mode REN 112 Pulse parameters in trace mode rrarrrnrrnnanernnnrnnnnnn 110 MEN 155 Timeslots in trace mode vumveersmdslmnsunsnueaken 109 TA 105 Unit errereen 106 Diagram configuration dialog surassaanserseaeseigenemneie 57 Diagram configuration tim
106. ensor s A NRP Z81 100001 B NRP Z31 100003 Trigger INT Rising Edge INT Rising Edge Trg Level 10 0 dBm 30 0 dBm Hysteresis 0 0 dB 0 0 dB Hold Off 0 000 s 0 000 s Dropout 25 000 ns 0 000 s Avg Filter Off Off Pulse Measurements Histogram Power related 1 0 25 0 81 0 Pulse Duration 240 246 us Pulse Period 800 069 us Duty Cycle 30 028 juivalent Time Sampling Period 262 500 ns Rise Time 402 231 ns Pulse Start Time 799 945 us Overshoot Rising Edge 0 299 Fall Time 210 445 ns Pulse Stop Time 240 123 us en ER Eallises Belen Trace measurement Print Preview 9 13 dBm Frequency Standard Deviation Count 1 000 GHz 0 031 dB 198 8 08 dBm Standard Deviation Count 0 002 dB 202 1 06 dB Mean Standard Deviation Count 1 030 dB 0 032 dB 70 Sensor s A NRP Z81 100001 B NRP Z31 100003 Avg Filter 256 Auto 1 Auto Aperture 10 000 us 20 000 ms DutyCycle Corr Off Off Numerical measurement Copy to Clipboard Graphical User Interface GUI Print Preview DoR amp Statistic Printout A CCDF Log gt Averahe Power 377 dem 3 797 hv 0 000 1 000 Son 5 00 10 00 15 00 Sensor s A NRP Z81 100001 Points 100000 k 20 00 25 00 30 00 35 00 40 00 dB 45 00 Statistics measurement Print Preview Close il Print Use 2 GJ Ged Goto amp Timeslot Pr
107. ent monitoring of individual readings By double clicking a value in a measurement panel you can zoom out the value and leave it permanently indicated on the display Sr R amp S NRPV Virtual Power Meter Fie Configure Trigger Measure Zero Window Help wl UEL IA amp Trace Window 1 Timeslots 1 OUT 9 dBm 2 22 10 98 Mean Freq 10 811 dBm 3 500 GHz OUT Trace Window 1 Tim 5 1 D lots 1 OUTav Mav 987 dB Time Div 500 000 us lul Timeslot Window 2 pending ow 1 Puise OUT Pulse Start Time EJ 698 183 ns Tmesiots Gates Pulse Trace Math 1 our 2 229 den F 50 696 dBm 51 9878 N dB down Marker 1 E 16 049 dm 28 834 dm 23 309 dam 51 019 dm 38 639 amp Fig 5 2 Operating concept gt values zoomed out You can zoom out a measured value arbitrarily and place it somewhere in the R amp S NRPV window The panes of these readings are transparent so that the overlap ping area remains visible Fee User Manual 1173 0314 02 05 48 5 1 1 2 Sensor Info Graphical User Interface GUI GSM tsk Fig 5 3 Operating concept gt Status bar Sensor Info Manufacturer Rohde amp Schwarz Type NRP Z81 Stock Number 1137 9009 02 Serial 900004 HWVersion 000000000 HvWVariant 000000000 SW Build 01 28 FPGA Build TS 23 SC 19 ST 19 Technology Diode Functio
108. er Fig 6 40 Marker example gt 1st marker 2 Set the second marker similarly for Trace 2 the yellow trace with the delayed pulse User Manual 1173 0314 02 05 115 Measure Fig 6 41 Marker example gt 2nd marker 3 Set marker number three to detect the pulse start by searching the 3 dB point left to the peak Fig 6 42 Marker example gt 3rd marker 4 Set the last marker accordingly for the yellow trace Result refers to start of Blue Fig 6 43 Marker example gt 4th marker Note The reference marker for result evaluation is not the same used for position ing In this case we want to know the distance to the third marker Start of Blue The marker results including the pulse distance are shown below the trace display R amp S NRPV Settings GUI Reference RES NRPV Virtual Power Meter Trace Window 1 EB File Configure Trigger Measure Zero Window Help ARPHMRRAAAN of Bo e FULL 7 500 dBm Indi Perea a hy A Wa pont bbe Ai echt Au i da b y i if pA Met d ot Du KM H I Wad WR Ar L 1 800 ms Timeslots Gates Pulse Marker MN o O ME Line Trace Math Trace 1 Line Trace Math Trace 2 Line Trace Math Trace 1 Line Trace Math Function Auto Peak Function Auto Peak Function Rel Power lt Function Rel Power lt Time 111 046 us Time 790 420 us Time l242us Time 570 101 us Power 4 794dem Power 4 484 dBm Power 1 794d8m Power 1
109. eroing can take a few seconds depending on the sensor model refer to the documentation of your external power sensor for more information To determine the sensor select Zero gt Select gt Channels gt lt channel gt in the R amp S NRPV menu bar Window Help All Channels Ctrl Z Fig 6 91 Zero menu Window The selection automatically activates zeroing The function checks the confidence level of the sensor results Zeroing IN Zeroing OUT Zeroing IN succeeded Fig 6 92 Zero in process This process can take a few seconds During this time the R amp S NRPV displays the current status of the process in the Zero window When completed the message terminates zeroing successfully or reports an error Succeeded failed Tips for Zeroing Zeroing should be performed During warm up after switching on or connecting the instrument After a substantial variation of the ambient temperature After fastening the power sensor module to an RF connector at high temperature After several hours of operation When very low power signals are to be measured like signals with less than 10 dB above the lower measurement limit Switch off the RF power source for zeroing do not disconnect it from the sensor In this way you will maintain the thermal equilibrium and zeroing will also compensate for the noise superimposed on the measured signal for example from a broadband amplifier 6 8 Window Window
110. es of a pulse Dropout increases the reliability of the end of the modulated burst signal The values of the selected channel are indicated Burst Average Exclude From Start 0 000 s Exclude From End 0 0005 Dropout 10 000 us e Fig 4 34 Configure gt Burst Average dialog Select the measurement channel Enter Exclude From Start 0 001 s This parameter excludes initial peaks of the signal from the measurement Enter Exclude From Start 0 002 s This parameter excludes fluctuations at the falling edge of the burst from the measurement Select Apply to assign you entries and confirm with OK Performing a Measurement with R amp S NRPV 2 Tostart the measurement select Measure gt Burst Average in the menu bar 2 144Bm Mean Standard Deviation Count 2 143 dBm 0 001 dB 7 Fig 4 35 Continuous window gt Burst Av results indication R amp S NRPV Operating Concept 5 Operating Concept Operating concept describes the layout of the application windows display controls and how to operate R amp S NRPV 5 1 Graphical User Interface GUI Starting the R amp S NRPV software opens the main application window The appearance is based on the Microsoft Windows layout At the top the window covers a menu bar with several pull down menus and a toolbar with icons of the significant functions Simi lar to Microsoft Office functionality the icon buttons are the alternativ
111. eslot ARES TID EEE EE JENA 155 Orid IES EEE Saget else oo 156 Max power EE 155 Min power Y aXiS sameie 155 N assoc cape Sete acts E 156 FN 156 Power Div EE 155 Diagram description bar US MOGE eege 99 Diagram Description bar guer 64 DOIN EEE S 64 Dialog Diagram configuration EE 57 Display configuration Lu euseerearmeemdemvmne net 56 Math configuration vassere 56 Measurement configuration rrrrrrrrnnnrnnvrvrrnnnnnnnnn 55 POO Jr 65 DAT NE Are 65 User Manual 1173 0314 02 05 172 DANE Fr 27 Configuration dialog WEE 21 55 Difference NE AL E 151 TE 104 Display configuration NR 154 PIS CAN ER EM 154 Display configuration dialog rrrrrrrnnnrrrvrvrrnnerrrvrnrrnnnnnne 56 De 88 Distal power Trace CIAGIAIW EE arina Era r he ENIRE a ner ESE RRiE 111 Distribution Function NN 134 Dropout PU 82 Trigger d e 91 Duty cycle SJ LA Le EE NE ER 64 Hee e je WE 110 E Electrical POLET suse 30 Elements and controls FT rever 162 Enter and ON ee 65 Equivalent sampling period TEEN 110 Error SVI 01 EEE EN NE EN 64 Evaluating recorded data FOI ME 164 Exclude from ugeet Seege Eet 82 84 Exclude from start vsiccoswvscsivaoudleviwonswonciuaucoudewucrnciveseswen 82 84 F Fall time He o e Ee EE EE 111 Falling edge Trace diagram EE NE eria 111 Falling edge in trace diagram rrrernvvrnnnnnvrnrnrnnvnnnnnnvnnnnnn 111 Fence Active in gates mode rnrernnnnnnernvnnnernnnnnnernnnnnevnnnnnneee 85 Active i
112. eslots on page 109 e Select the pulse parameters to be indicated seechapter 6 4 2 11 Diagram Config gt Pulse on page 110 Measure e Design the trace display window in chapter 6 4 2 12 Diagram Config gt Plot on page 112 6 4 2 8 Diagram Config gt Unit Diagram Configuration Trace Window 1 E Gates Timeslots Pulse Absolute Relative dem dB Resolution Table 0 001 ve Fig 6 33 Measure gt Trace gt Diagram configuration The unit tab of the diagram configuration dialog contains the entry fields for assigning unit and resolution to the y axis Trace data can be viewed in linear scale Waitt or log arithmic scale dBm Absolute Relative Set the unit for the y axis the result is to be displayed Electrical power is measured in W and usually converted to logarithmic scale For a relative power level the measured value is related to a reference power The ratio is expressed in terms of the log of that ratio The unit of the power ratio is dB An absolute power level is referred to 1 mW and expressed in dBm The units of the displayed parameters of the y axis change according to the selected unit i e Min power Max power Rev power and power Div are adjusted dB dBm Assign a logarithmic scale to the y axis to display power ratio Watt 1 Assign a linear scale to the y axis for displaying absolute power val ues dBuV dB Assign a logarithmic scale to the y axis to display voltage ratio
113. espectively Status field Indicates the state of either the currently running task or the state of a connected sensor Scroll bars When a window cannot be shown completely then the window will get scroll arrows on the right side and bottom for scrolling Hide Show control in the splitter bar Shows hides a control panel or measurement panel by mouse click on the striped bar Basically the mouse as pointing device is similar to every computing system This sec tion only touches information on some special features of the application Clicking the right mouse button performs context sensitive menus for the following con trols e Channel traces e Math traces e Marker symbols e Limit lines e Trigger levels and symbols e Vertical reference position symbol e Residual screen area e Trace window 5 2 4 Splitter bar The control and measurement panels are separated from the diagram by splitter bars Each splitter bar contains a button to hide or show each panel Measurements Hide Measurement Notebook Timeslots Gates Pulse Fig 5 25 Operating concept gt Splitter bar 5 3 Data Management The width of the control panel is fixed whereas the height of the measurement panel is flexible Therefore the space between the diagram and the measurement table can be shared by moving the splitter bar with the mouse Data Management R amp S NRPV provides basic measurement settings which are
114. essages are reported Show reference values Show the numerical values of the reference parameters The values are displayed right next to the arrows of the reference markers EE User Manual 1173 0314 02 05 108 Measure 6 4 2 10 Diagram Config gt Gates Timeslots Diagram Configuration Trace Window 1 E Gates view Measure Timeslots View Measure Fig 6 35 Measure gt Trace gt Diagram gt Gates Timeslots The Gates Timeslots tab of the trace diagram configuration dialog provides selecting gates and timeslots for measurement and view For display in trace mode gates and timeslots parameters are configured at the same time Gates View and measurement check boxes activate measuring and displaying the measure ment results in the trace measurement window Provides 4 available trace measure ments View Gates Enable to view the gate on the trace measurement window R amp S NRPV displays the active gate in the diagram as dashed lines Gate parameters as start time length and fence settings are defined in chapter 6 2 11 Gates on page 85 Measure lt Gates Activate the gates for measurement R amp S NRPV lists the measured values for each selected gate in the Gates tab of the measurements panel Timeslots A view checkbox activates the display of timeslots in the trace measurement window Select a particular timeslot for indicating the measured value View Timeslots Enable to view the timeslot
115. fore changing the crossover level by more than 10 dB might deteriorate the measurement result Manual Ranging Activate manual selection of the measurement range One out of three paths can be selected as measurement range for example to the drive range of a path Crossover Ranging Reduce crossover range To prevent measurement paths which have been overdriven by signal peaks from being included in the evaluation levels can be reduced in the measurement path crossover BEE User Manual 1173 0314 02 05 78 R amp S NRPV Settings GUI Reference For example if setting the level to 6 dB the crossover is reduced by 6 dB The drive range increases by the same magnitude This reduces measurement deviations due to modulation by 25 of the original value While large signal characteristics improve as the crossover level drops the effects of zero deviations and intrinsic noise on the result increase This is caused by the less sensitive measurement path being under driven Therefore changing the crossover level by more than 10 dB might deteriorate the measurement result path n Ranging Define one of three paths as the measurement range e g for testing the drive range of a path Note The Transition Offset entry disables manual functionality and vice versa Automatic Averaging Use an averaging filter to reduce fluctuations in the measurement result Either choose automatic mode or set the averaging factor to a fixed
116. g window Defines the length of the unsynchronized time interval used to measure the average signal power e For an unmodulated signal the default setting of 10us in conjunction with chopper stabilization provides optimum noise suppression e Wider sampling windows are required when the measurement result exhibits fluctu ations due to modulation With very low frequency modulation in particular a dis play with optimum stability is provided by setting the sampling window length exactly equal to the modulation period e lf the modulation period varies or is not exactly known smoothing should also be activated Approximately five periods within one sampling window are sufficient e The overall window length is calculated from the sampling frequency and the num ber of samples The number of samples determines the length of the evaluation window e Additionally this parameter sets the length of the unsynchronized time interval for statistical analysis of the signal see chapter 6 2 9 Statistics on page 83 Sampling frequency Defines the number of samples taken over the duration of a measurement window The sampling frequency is defined in Hertz e ifa sensor contains a sampling A D converter the sampling rate can be adjusted to prevent aliasing effects for particular types of modulation signal Aliasing can occur with some sensors because the sampling frequency is located within the video bandwidth which means that spectral components of the
117. gnals the average of P over the modulation period is called the average power H This power e g is indicated by a thermal power meter sensor Units and Power Level Electrical power is measured in W Watt Because of the large power ranges that have to be measured values are usually expressed as the log of a power ratio A relative User Manual 1173 0314 02 05 30 R amp S NRPV Quick Start Guide aa aa aaa aa preses power level L is expressed in terms of the log of the ratio of a power P to an arbitrary reference power Po The units of the power ratios are dB Ly 10 log4o P Po dB Labs 10 10919 P Po dB The absolute power level L refers to 1 mW and is measured in dBm Labs 10 10919 P 1 mW dB P 1 x10 Labs 10dBm mW See the following list of the corresponding absolute and relative power level values in the range 1078 Table 4 1 Units and power level 4 3 Performing a Measurement with R amp S NRPV This section describes briefly how to basically set up a power measurement by using an R amp S signal generator as signal source and a power sensors as the measuring instrument Because the power measurement system is to be terminated the power sensor also acts as the load set up without external triggering and power supply Source and load are connected to a standard coaxial transmission line with the characteristic impe dance The signal source generates an RF test signal The R amp S NRPV indicates the sig
118. h several paths providing different sensitivi ties and therefore different measurement ranges The measurement paths are simulta neously active Auto Ranging Activate automatic selection of the suitable path that means paths that are neither overdriven nor underdriven The measurement result of two partially overlapping mea surement paths is derived from the measured values of both paths For some applications e g test signals with a large peak to average ratio measuring with Auto Ranging does not lead to accurate measurement results Use the cross over function which lowers the level in the crossover in order to prevent an overdriven measurement path from distorting the evaluation Transition Offset Ranging Reduce crossover range To prevent measurement paths which have been overdriven by signal peaks from being included in the evaluation levels can be reduced in the measurement path crossover 0 000 dB Ranging Enter a negative crossover value as a measure for reducing the crossover levels For example setting the level to 6 dB the crossover is reduced by 6 dB Drive range increases of the same magnitude which reduces measurement deviations due to mod ulation to 25 of the original value Note While large signal characteristics improve as the crossover level drops the effects of zero deviations and intrinsic noise on the result increase caused by the less sensitive measurement path being under driven There
119. hannel statistics rrrarvrrrvnrernrernnvnvevnvvvnnvrnevnnevnnevnevvne 83 Color settings EE 71 73 Communication and standards 88 CORMECH WILY gie EE SES 74 CONTINUOUS rernrvnnnnvnnnnnarnnnrnrrnnrennnnanunevnevensuennsnnee 71 81 Crossover ranging snssnccientcasesendnnceadebentaonnseesnmccedevesacenas 78 PES EE 88 Dropout in burst mode ecciccnencocseroncaccunssnnetessenedannsencsncns 82 Dropout trigger settings ssanscxcssiceceseiieimrnentacesssanedbacancnss 91 Exclude from end in burst mode rurerarvnrnrernvennnrernen 82 Exclude from end in timeslot mode 84 Exclude from start in burst mode rreranrnrnrerurennnrernere 82 R amp S NRPV Index Exclude from start in timeslot mode rannnrrrnrnnnnnnnnr 84 Fence length in gates mode rannernvnnnnernvnnnvrnvnnnnennnn 85 Fence length in timeslot mode ANEN 84 Fence locked in timeslot mode RRE NEEN 84 Fence start in gates mode rrrnannrnrannrnrannnnnnnrnnannrnnnn 85 Fence start in timeslot mode ken 84 Gamma CON ETION Lesser anmeueersnnikeneminnn 77 ETEN EE EUER 85 CS E 85 Gates EE 72 85 Global offset EE 76 149 PAIS FOG AIM EEN 87 FEI 87 Length of fence in gates mode rrannrnnvrvrrnnnrnnvrvvnrnnn 85 Length of fence in timeslot mode srrnnrrnrrnnrrnnvnnnnnn 84 Length or gale vr 85 e 88 Ea EE EE EE 72 Locked fence in timeslot mode rrrnrrrnnnrnvrvvrrnnnrnnenn 84 Locked in gates mode EE 85 Manual rangii RE 78 MT EE E EE
120. he parameters listed below Y start Y spread and Y stop Reference position marker based on Y start change Trigger bar Y min power Y max power and Y power div Reference position grid value fields in the diagram configuration Trace plots Depending on the defined unit and the connected sensors different routines are com puted to determine the scaling automatically Power Div Set the power range of one Y axis division Either directly enter a value or increment decrement the size in fixed steps using the up and down arrow buttons Alternatively set the Y axis division in Diagram Config gt Axes Move Zoom Move Freely vw Zoom Out Fig 6 46 Measure gt Trace gt Move Zoom Covers a list for configuring the mouse movement and zoom functionality in the trace results window Power Div sets the scaling of the Y axis Changing this value is always done by keep ing the reference power constant and adjusting the visible power limits accordingly Move Freely e Moye Freely Move Horiz only Move Vert only zoom In Fixed Trace Fig 6 47 Measure gt Trace gt Move Zoom list R amp S NRPV o Settings GUI Reference Additional adjustments during Zoom In R amp S NRPV does not just graphically perform zoom in operation but reconfigures the sensors and trace parameters to provide more detailed information on the measure ment results Move Zoom Selects the zoom functionality Move
121. he storage format of the recorded data is ASCII format with a semicolon as delimiter Keep in mind that the program you are using may use a different delim iter e The R amp S NRPV stores the recorded values in the decimal format according to the regional options of your computer This means if you want to evaluate the data on another computer for example the setting of the numerical format may be different e The number of columns and rows of the spreadsheet program that you are using could be limited In particular if you have performed a long term measurement the program might not be able to load the csv file completely To fix this problem open the source file in a text editor Save the source file as several smaller files that conform to this row and column limit If you have recorded the measurement to the hard disk by activating Record to Disk the R amp S NRPV stores one file per recorded track It automatically assigns a file name consisting of a time stamp and the recorded track If you have saved the file after recording using Save Data no file name is created automatically but an interactive Save File dialog opens and you can assign a suita ble filename The first line in the file provides information on the measured parameter and a time stamp A file contains the measured value pairs as ASCII strings separated by a semicolon Depending on the used program the values are automatically converted and display
122. ic averaging mode and set the aver age filter count The Ref Timeslot entry field applies to Timeslot measurement mode Auto Determines the mode the of calculating the average On The sensor determines the optimum average filter count internally based on the given resolution Off The sensor uses an averaging factor manually set by the user Count Sets the number of measured values which are averaged Directly entered the value is rounded off to the closest power of two Use the UP and DOWN arrows to increase or decrease the averaging count Count is rounded to the next higher or lower power of 2 values The greater the averaging factor the less the measured values vary and the measurement time is even longer The R amp S NRPV transmits the changes to the corresponding sensor featuring the fol lowing configuration e Avg count lt Min sets averaging count to minimum and disables the decrement button e Avg count gt Max sets averaging count to maximum and disables the increment button Note In case of Min or Max count set automatically no error messages are reported Ref Timeslot Defines the timeslot whose power is to be used as reference for automatically calculat ing the average count auto averaging Note Reference timeslot selection applies to Timeslot mode 6 4 4 9 6 4 4 10 Measure Measurement Config gt Unit Averaging Unit Absolute Relative Resolution dB
123. ield are of the same order as the signal wavelength Additionally all components in a power transmitter or amplifier e g the AC line connector the cooling system or coaxial RF output depend on the magnitude of the RF power Besides the effects mentioned above several critical factors may cause errors in the measurement of RF power For instance the loading effects of measuring equipment on the DUT inherent physical factors or unsuitable probes may increase measurement uncertainty To carry out a power measurement correctly it is essential to assort the most appropri ate measurement equipment for the respective application For a wide variety of tasks Rohde amp Schwarz provides suitable power meters and power sensors Definition of Electrical Power Power is defined as the amount of energy absorbed or transferred in a system per unit of time The power transmitted across an interface is then the product of the instanta neous values of current and voltage at that interface Pi Very X leg For sinusoidal signals encountered in RF and microwave engineering the instanta neous power p t oscillates about the average power at a frequency that is twice that of the original waveform Only the average power can be measured in practice and is referred to as power P P is referred to as active power and is related to the RMS volt age V the RMS current I and the phase by the following equation P VxIxcosp For modulated sinusoidal si
124. ies R amp S NRPV automatically adjusts the trigger level when the offset correction values vary prompt requires the adjustment to be confirmed R amp S NRPV 1 Trigger level for Channel amp is automatically updated Fig 6 9 Configure gt Channel settings gt automatic trigger level update File Offset Selects a file with offset correction data A file contains a table with frequency offset pairs The extension of a correction file is s1p or txt In case of an s1p the file content must conform with the touchstone file specification see hitp en wikipedia org wiki Touchstone file The correction files are stored in the application data directory SAPPDATA Rohde Schwarz NRPV lt slp gt Video Bandwidth Sets the video filter bandwidth This parameter is supported by NRP Z8x wideband power sensors You can use this value to reduce the video bandwidth in trace and statistics measure ment modes As a result the trigger sensitivity is increased and the display noise reduced In order not to distort the signal the video bandwidth must be smaller than the RF bandwidth of the measurement signal A limited video bandwidth also reduces the sampling rate Therefore in trace mode the effective time resolution is reduced accordingly In statistics mode the measure ment time must be increased appropriately to keep the required sample size The fol lowing table shows the video bandwidth and the resulting sam
125. iliaries Limits Upper C Upper Value 0 000 dE 0 000 dB 0 000 dB 0 000 dB Lower Lower Value 0 000 d 0 000 dE 0 000 dB 0 000 dE Warning Beep C Fig 6 83 Measure gt Numerical gt Math configuration gt Limits In the Limits tab you can determine an upper and a lower limit for each calculated result If one of the values is exceeded a warning is issued Upper Lower Activates the limit check On Switches on the monitoring function for the upper limit or lower limit respectively Off Switches off upper lower limit check Upper Lower Value Specifies an upper lower limit for the computed values If a limit is exceeded the warn ing message Limit fail is displayed Warning Beep Activates the acoustic alarm On Activates an acoustic alarm for output if a limit is exceeded Off Turns off the acoustic alarm Display Configuration Display Configuration Continuous Wind Continuous Window Fig 6 84 Measure gt Numerical gt Display configuration dialog In this dialog you can assign a name to the measurement window Name Assigns a designated name to the appropriate measurement window Measure 6 4 4 20 Diagram Config gt Timeslot gt Axes Ej Diagram Configuration Timeslot Axes Y axis Min Power 70 000 dEm Max Power 30 000 d m Fower Div Gei 10 000 de Apply Fig 6 85 Measure gt Numerical gt Diagram configuration gt Tslot gt
126. ing of the measurement panel size The width of the panel is fixed However you can change the height of the measure ment panel individually by dragging the frame accordingly 5 1 3 Configuration Dialogs 5 1 3 1 This section describes the structure of the application dialogs The dialogs are also designed in window format covering the same main elements as e g entry fields check boxes or buttons Some entry fields are partially structured in tabs Each dialog provides buttons to apply confirm or cancel the entered settings The application mainly distinguishes between the measurement math and display or diagram configuration dialogs Some measurement modes additionally contain sub menus and dialogs for setting special parameters as e g markers Measurement Configuration Dialogs Table 5 3 Operating concept gt Measurement configuration dialogs Measurement Configuration Continuous Window Ed Configuration Timeslot Window 2 K Measurement 1 2 a 4 View Channel OUT v None vi None vi None v Channel or iy Meneurand ae EE ENE Measurand Average M Averaging Unit Relative Auxiliaries Duty Cycle Limits de Display Timeslots ms example 1 or 146 8 Kl AN Averaging Unit Relative Auto Ref Timeslot 10 E WW Measurement configuration dialogs contain the entry fields for setting the parameters of the currently selected measurement mode 5 1 3 2 M
127. ing the trace with the mouse is disabled User Manual 1173 0314 02 05 119 6 4 2 17 6 4 2 18 Measure Returns the scaling to the size before zooming in If Zooming in has been performed in several steps zooming out operates the same way reversely Time Scale Reference Time suse 8 Time Div 500 000u5 Fig 6 48 Measure gt Trace gt Time Scale This section provides to directly set the reference time and the X axis time scale divi sion Modification of time scale parameters is only possible for linear scale Reference Time Set reference time by either directly entering the value or by using the up and down arrow buttons The two buttons increase or decrease the time in fixed steps The appropriate unit is added automatically to the value Alternatively set the reference time under Diagram Config gt Axes Reset Set reference time and reference position to default values Time Div Set the time span of one X axis division Either directly enter the value or increment decrement the size in fixed steps using the up and down arrow buttons Alternatively set the X axis division in Diagram Config gt Axes Trigger Show Level Settings Fig 6 49 Measure gt Trace gt Trigger Contains a drop down list to select the trigger mode Continuous il Free Run Continuous Single 6 4 2 19 Measure Automatically starts a measurement if no trigger event has occurred after
128. intout Sensor NRP Z81 100001 Nominal Width 400 000 us MIT Aav 6 13 dBm Apk 3 76 dBm Apk av 2 38 dB Timeslot measurement Creates a screenshot of the current result window and temporarily stores it on the clip board You can now insert this hardcopy in a document Graphical User Interface GUI Table 5 2 Printout examples 100 000 10 000 L 1 000 0 100 0 010 0 001 5 00 5 00 10 00 15 00 20 00 25 00 30 00 35 00 40 00 dB 45 00 Trace measurement Statistics measurement 9 1 dBm S rland Devdabon Caml 0 050 dB 20 PER 1 05 dB 2 gn HE aT Numerical measurement Timeslot measurement 5 1 2 Application Window This section describes the specific R amp S NRPV window components Besides the main application window additional windows are opened according to the selected measure ment In general the application distinguishes between Graphical measurement mode and Numerical measurement mode represented in results windows Results are dis played digitally and graphically A results window contains several areas for example a display area a control panel on the right and depending on the measuring mode a results table measurement panel which contains specific parameters The numeric measurement modes display the results digitally In the graphic measurement mode R amp S NRPV display
129. ion can be found in the sensor data sheets R amp S NRPV automatically corrects invalid ranges for the current sensor Based on the X scale range Time Div is validated featuring the following configuration e Time Div lt Min Minimum value is set per division e Time Div gt Max Maximum value is set per division Note In case of start value set automatically no error messages are reported Y Axis Set Reference power position and grid of the level axis The Y scale is defined by the two parameters reference level and level step per division The Y axis shows the unit of measurement selected in the unit tab Both values can be entered manually in loga rithmic or linear scale Reference Level Y Axis Specify the upper limit of the trace results window This setting only affects the graphi cal data representation in the application and has no influence on the measurement or sensor configuration Reference Position Y Axis Set the reference position Power div Y Axis Define the power value of one Y axes division Enter value and unit Unit depends on the setting selected in the unit tab Decimal precision more than 3 decimal places is truncated in the display Based on the Y scale range Power Div is validated featuring the following configuration e Pow Div lt Min Minimum value is set per division e Pow Div gt Max Maximum value is set per division Note In case of start value set automatically no error m
130. ion dialogs rrrrrrrrnnrrrrvrrrrnnernr 55 Measurement panel He 156 Measurement panel timeslot ME 156 MI 2 156 Measurement setup lr ei 15 le 14 Measurement window rrrnannrnnnnnnnnnnrnvnnnnnnnnnevnnnrnnannnnnnnee 25 PADS NUNS UME Lua merakndghe 35 MN 30 NN EE 52 Measuring average DOower ENEE 39 Measuring window Cig 0110 beet 25 Numerical EN EE EN 25 User Manual 1173 0314 02 05 174 R amp S NRPV Index menu die Let EE ENE ER 57 ML 51 57 Sela LL gt EEE EE 57 Context sensitive MENU rrararrrnnrrrannrrrnnrrnnnnenrnnnenvnnee 60 Hr 57 Main MENU EEE aE iaaa 57 ELLES SG EE EN 57 SAAE EE EE EE 57 I 57 E NERE EN EN 57 MT 51 LTR LE EE aer A 65 Corresponding ICONS EE 61 Corresponding shortcuts a cccviccnsvencsoncdnsaeduncnminsizscansiiandes 62 Oe 27 Ee TE 27 EE EE 27 58 69 PHENO ENE NE A 27 167 LETE EEE EE EA 93 Ea e EE NE E 27 89 a ee EE EE ENE 27 166 ZEO JE ENE EAR 27 165 MEN 88 Mesial power Tee TN 111 Mid reference level rarrarrnnrernnnnornnnrnnnnnennnnnennnnennnenennnnnee 88 Minimal power Heste Ke e EE Enine SEn ELEKE 111 MOUSE PSTN E 67 Mov Zoom VEL 119 Me 118 Move Zoom SJEL Se E 134 Multiple measurement setup cccceeeecsseeeceeeeeceeeeseees 15 N Name HACE dA ANN ER 112 Name marker window Hace dagi aN ER 114 FN Je 90 NNN er 84 NRP Zxx power sensors el IEN 11 NRPxxS N power sensors el TE 11 Number of RE E 83 Irun e EE NER 94 Configuration ee nde
131. ise content 79 Offset EE EE 75 Path Nn E 79 Phase source TT Re source TT Reflection coefficient le 78 S Parameter correction rurerarvrrarvrnnevnnvernrrnnnenrnrenner 77 Single frequency succscciaccaseescnconsenssbexndccnnarsancesachinetannnens TT Video bandwidth 76 CHECK DOX EEE 65 Color selection feld 65 ON Jr 73 Communication and standards 88 GET EE 88 Default rurrrnrrnrrnvnrnrnnnnennnvrnnnnnennnennennnensnevunevnenunennne 88 Standard NEE 88 Configuration GAGN RE 55 COMMONS rv 70 Activate selected communication standard 89 Active fence in gates mode snssnsneesseenreesrrr reren 85 Active fence in timeslot Mode 84 Ne oa EE ERAR AOFERE 87 Aperture continUOUS rrrranrrnrnnrvvannrnrannrnannrnnannnnnansenn 81 Aperture statistics rrrrnrnrrnnnnrrnnnrrrnnnvrnnnnvnnnnvnnnnnnnnn 83 Auto equivalent sampling rrrrrrrannrvrnnrrvannrvvnnnrvrnnnnnn 87 PRO ANCHO EN 78 Automatic averaging kuansnensmeinaesmnaipaumikaiuuenn 79 SITE e 72 82 Channel 75 Channel assgnment 71 74 Channel Durst rerrvrrnvvrrvnnvrrnvnnnrnnevnnvnnevnnnvnnnnnevnnevnnnn 82 Channel COntinUOUS rrrvrravnnvrnnvvnnvnnnvnnvvnnvvnnvnnevnnvvnen 81 Channel frequency ccccccssseeececeeeesseeeeesenesseeeeesanees 80 Channel name vrurnrnnnnnnvnnnvnnnnnnvnnevnnvnnevnnnvunnnnevnnevnnen 74 Channel settings cccccceecccecseeceeeseeeeeeseeeeeees 71 74 C
132. ithm Considering all viewed timeslots the algorithm determines the minimum and maximum values of all the results R amp S NRPV updates the parameters listed below e Y min power Y max power and Y power div e Reference position marker based on Y start change e Trigger bar e Reference position grid value fields in the diagram configuration Considering the defined unit and the connected sensor the R amp S NRPV determines the scaling automatically Context sensitive Menu for Numerical Measurement Modes R amp S NRPV provides a context sensitive menu in the result field of a numerical mea surement windows like continuous gate or burst Open the context menu by pressing the right mouse button Print Copy to clipboard Meas Configuration Math Configuration Display Configuration Fig 6 69 Measure gt Numerical gt Context sensitive menu R amp S NRPV Settings GUI Reference The context sensitive menu of the numerical measurement window covers configura tion functions which alternatively can be accessed via the control panel the menu bar or the toolbar Additionally the Save Diagram function is included in this menu The dialogs and parameters are described in the appropriate chapters of this operating manual The following table lists the context sensitive menu items and refers to the associated descriptions powem ra Print Copy To Clipboard chapter 5 1 1 3 Print or Copy to Clipboard
133. lope of the test signal and displays the power envelope as a function of time Displaying the signal graphically as with an oscilloscope trace mode is particularly suitable for recognizing stable triggering of modulated signals during measurement Trace measurement is available in many R amp S power sensors e g the multipath power sensors R amp S NRPxxS N NRP Z1x and NRP Z2x except of NRP Z27 and in the NRP Z8x wideband power sensors These sensors provide a graphical display of envelope power versus time The trace dialog covers the following panels BEES User Manual 1173 0314 02 05 95 6 4 2 1 Measure Trace Functions Display panel Indicates the measurement result in power versus time The display is divided into the Graph in Trace Mode showing the diagram with grid markers trigger delay and level information and the Diagram Description Bar with information on the configured traces Control panel The control panel shows all parameters that are relevant for the display It contains buttons to call sub dialogs for Trace Maths Diagram and Marker configuration as well as entry fields for setting power and time scaling trigger and some miscellaneous parameters Trace Trace Opens the dialog for configuring trace parameters see chapter 6 4 2 5 Measurement Configuration on page 101 Select trace color view channel and measurand and apply max hold averaging and measurement type to the appr
134. lts Zeroing takes several seconds At run time a Zeroing in progress message pops up When completed the message terminates zeroing successfully or reports an error Success Failed Zeroing IN Zeroing OUT Zeroing IN succeeded Fig 4 13 Zeroing in process Setting the frequency The carrier frequency of the applied signal must be set for reaching the specified mea surement accuracy 4 3 3 2 1 Performing a Measurement with R amp S NRPV To set the frequency select Configure gt Signal Frequency Configure Trigger Measure Zero Startup Configuration Colour Settings Channel Assignment Ctrl A Channel Settings Signal Frequency Continuous Ctrl C Fig 4 14 Configure gt Signal frequency Signal Frequency EN L Common Frequency 1 500 GHz Frequency 100 000 MHz oc cane Jee Fig 4 15 Signal frequency dialog The Signal Frequency dialog opens where you can determine the signal fre quency The frequency value of the selected channel is indicated Select the channel Enter 1 0 GHz signal frequency Tip Use a dot as decimal separator Select Apply to assign the entry Close the dialog with OK Configuring the Measurement Window Setting up the measurement window A measurement comprises at least two measurement windows i e 2 x aperture time and a sensor specific dead time of up to 100 us By default a power sensor is set to an aper
135. measurement dialogs math and diagram configuration Meas Opens the dialog for configuring measurement parameters In this dialog you can select the measurement the channel and view and determine the measurand for dis play For description refer to chapter 6 4 4 6 Measurement Configuration gt Continu ous Gate Burst on page 142 Timeslot mode features special measurement parameters These are described in chapter 6 4 4 7 Measurement Configuration gt Timeslot on page 144 Math Math Configuration opens the dialog to configure math parameters and to determine operands for related measurements You can define the unit set relative measurement and auxiliaries settings and apply styles to the results for display Display Diagram Opens the dialog for configuring display settings as described in chapter 6 4 4 19 Display Configuration on page 154 In this dialog you can rename the measure ment window and define the background color and font settings In case of timeslot measurement the dialog contains the parameters to configure the axes and plot set tings accordingly Timeslot mode features special display The characterizing values are described in chapter 6 4 4 20 Diagram Config gt Timeslot gt Axes on page 155 and chap ter 6 4 4 21 Diagram Config gt Timeslot gt Plot on page 156 Gate Selection Selects one of four gates The R amp S NRPV transmits information to the sensor and upda
136. n e Default grid and spread values for X axis Power Div Sets the power range of one X axis division Either directly enter a value or increment decrement the size in fixed steps using the up and down arrow buttons Alternatively set the X axis division in Diagram Config gt Axes Move Zoom Move Vert Only Zoom In Fixed Trace Fig 6 62 Measure gt Statistics gt Move Zoom 6 4 3 11 Measure Covers a list for configuring the mouse movement and zoom functionality in the statis tics results window Power Div sets the scaling of the X axis Changing this value is always done by keep ing the average power constant and adjusting the visible power limits accordingly Move Zoom Selects the functionality for zooming in the statistics measurement window Zoom In Freely selects any section to be zoomed in the results window How to proceed e Set the cursor to the start point e Press the left hand mouse button and keep it pressed e Drag a rectangular shape around the area to be zoomed in e Release the mouse button to execute zooming Note In this way you can zoom in the display in several steps Using Zoom out button you can return to the previous size To reset the zoom select the Zoom Out button The R amp S NRPV does not just graphically perform zoom in operation but reconfigures the sensors and trace parameters to provide more detailed information on the measurement results Fixed Tra
137. n Power Terminating MinPower le 09 MaxPower 0 1 MinFreg 5e 07 MaxFreg 1 8e 10 Resolution 12 5ns Impedance 50 Coupling AC Cal Abs 2008 04 28 Cal Ref 2007 05 29 Cal 5 Para not applicable Cal Misc 2007 05 29 Cal Temp 2007 05 29 Cal Lin 2007 05 29 SPD Mnemonic not available TestLimit 0 160 dB TestLimit pd 0 160 dB Fig 5 4 Operating concept gt Sensor Info Quick and convenient reading of information on the power sensor Move the cursor on a sensor image in the status bar to get quick information on the sensor type and its serial number as shown in the figure below Sensor Type R amp S NRP 781 Serial No 900004 Double click the sensor icon to open an information window with detailed informa tion to the sensor You can readout or even copy this info for example to have it at hand for service purposes 5 1 1 3 Print or Copy to Clipboard Copy to clipboard Using the right mouse button you can open a context sensitive menu within each mea surement window Apart from the main functions you can print out the current readings or measurement curves or store them in the clipboard for example to copy the data to an external program for further documentation Displays a print preview of the corresponding measurement result Table 5 1 Printout examples Print Preview Ls D N Media Lalas Vala h tr Wren Ata Map r steal adn pig S
138. n a user defined mode which was previously specified and saved in a task file Configure Default Settings Starts with preset values 6 2 3 Color Settings In this dialog you can individually assign colors to traces and curves including the associated markers and to background and grid lines of diagrams Colour Settings Click here to set Current Colour Current Colour Panel Background Numerical Measurements Panel Frame Numerical Measurements Ld Panel Background Timeslot C Bar of values Timeslot Average Bar of values Timeslot Peak Marker Line Timeslots gees Background Trace Statistics Timeslots Grid Lines Trace Statistics Timeslots a aen Trace 1 C7 Trace 2 Trace 3 a Traced gt Math Trace 1 Math Trace 2 Math Trace 3 Math Trace 4 Markers Delayed Trigger Marker Focus Marker Gates Fences Numerical Display 1 Numerical Display 2 Numerical Display 3 Numerical Display 4 Assign all Default Colours Fig 6 5 Configure gt Color Settings dialog In Color Settings select individual colors for your measurements or set all colors to default Color Settings Opens a dialog to set the colors 6 2 4 6 2 5 Configure Channel Assignment The Channel Assignment dialog displays all connected sensors with information on the sensor type serial number and connectivity Channel Assignment Channel Sensor Type Name R amp S NRP 711 900001 U
139. n page 132 Show Hide Markers Move Marker to Viewing Area User Manual 1173 0314 02 05 126 Measure a Move Zoom chapter 6 4 3 10 Move Zoom on page 133 Zoom Out Auto Scale chapter 6 4 3 9 Scale on page 133 6 4 3 5 Measurement Configuration Configuration Statistics Window Measurement 1 A 3 4 View Marker X Marker Y Marker Acquisition Free Run Gate Total Samples gt le 008 Free Run Measurand CO Gate 1 Gate 2 Distribution Function CCDFiLog OGa C Gate 3 AWGN Gate 4 Show Ref Curve Fig 6 56 Measure gt Statistics gt Meas configuration In the Configuration Statistics Window you can configure up to four measurements with sensors that support statistics measurement View selection boxes activate dis playing the measurement results You can set channel and marker separately for each measurement as well as general parameters for acquisition distribution and display of the measurement results Measurement 1 4 Indicates 4 channels for statistics measurements Channel Selects the channel The list contains up to for channels provided that the connected sensors support statistics measurement Note The View checkbox is enabled automatically when you select a channel Note Channel Duplication In case the same statistics measurement is assigned twice an error message appears Error Trace 1 Error 91 Channel duplication Duplicate channels cannot be
140. n some basics to power measurement for RF and micro wave signals Some contents of the following sections are taken from the R amp S brochure Voltage and Power Measurements Fundamentals Definitions and Products You can find the brochure for download on the R amp S Website http www rohde schwarz com en product nrpz html Introduction The intensity of RF and microwave signals is given in terms of power Therefore mea suring electrical power is significant for RF and microwave applications R amp S NRPV Quick Start Guide 4 2 2 4 2 3 With the development of carrier based telecommunications also the measurement of power voltage and current has improved Mainly based on converting electrical energy into heat direct voltage and current measurement can be made up into the GHz range Voltage and current are less appropriate because they depend on the physical charac teristics of the transmission medium and field strength They differ for the same trans mitted power Also voltage and current can not directly be measured in waveguides and for standing waves large measurement errors occur The rate of energy flow power is the absolute measurable value of the wave intensity In high frequencies ranges the wavelength of the electromagnetic field affects the wave properties and characteristics caused by lines and subassemblies To be taken into account for power measurement wavelength and magnitude of the electromagnetic f
141. n the configuration dialog for gated power measurement Mea sure the power with periodic envelope over defined time gates Spec ify time intervals to be excluded from measurement Timeslot Enter the configuration dialog covering parameters for timeslot mea surement Use this mode to measure the power of any complex sig nal in defined time segments simultaneously Burst Aver Pop up a measurement window to measure the burst power of a age modulated pulsed signal Start Stop Starts or stops measurement see chapter 6 6 Start Stop Measurement on page 165 R amp S NRPV Settings GUI Reference 6 4 2 Trace ll Trace Window 1 51 188 us Timeslots Gates Pulse SSS Marker Trace Power Scale Reference Power A 14 650 dem Power Div 10 000 dB Move Zoom Move Freely Reference Time 51 188us 5 a A JE J Time Div 500 000 us ReferenceMarker Trace 1 Refers to 240 479 us Power 3 527 dBm Delta Power Marker0 Marker1 Marker2 other ReferenceMarke Connected with 6 527 dBm Refers to 3 000 dB Time Delta Time Power Delta Power Connected with Trace 1 Marker 1 1 709 ms 785 362 us 23 791 dBm 8 295 dB Trace 1 ReferenceMarke Refers to 923 812 us Time 683 333 us Delta Time 15 496 dBm Power 11 970 dB Delta Power Fig 6 25 Measure gt Trace window In the Trace mode the R amp S NRPV analyzes the power enve
142. n timeslot mode rrrrannrnnannrnnnnrnnnnnnnvannnnnnnrennnr 84 Length in gates mode Lansasmasennaknsdesbeuemskaien 85 Locked in timeslot mode arrrnannrnnnnnrnnnnnvnnnnnevnnnnnnnnnee 84 E 84 Start in gates mode egen ergeet eeieegeg 85 FE 69 Ke gs EE TE NE NE 70 Ega TSK REE EE 69 EE Ee 69 New task starting KE 69 NEW ae 69 Reflection Coefficient 78 File MENU EA 27 58 69 PRE EEE EE A 79 4 EEE EEE NT 65 Frequency AE tte 80 FE oraora n E E 71 Corresponding e 61 Corresponding Shortcuts ccccccssssseeeseeseseeeeeesenees 62 Measure EE EET 93 WAS E 96 G Gamma COM CCHOM egene Een 77 POI Sed TT Single frequency E T7 EE 85 94 Average in trace mode ENNEN 103 CORN Lue 72 85 KE 9 eet gege eege eg 85 Fence EN EE 85 FENCE eege ee 85 EE ie EE 85 Beie 85 math in trace mode cs icccscccsexcecteceacceessiesencnchancdacsencbsnes 105 Peak in trace MODE sis ccsacscectasenradbsccdacsccitanncnnadeconcedncs 103 pk avg in trace mode s ccccctcnesasctsceddoesecsaseorateeacicoseatat 103 E 85 STE CS EE 134 Gates Measure in trace diagram E 109 Bie eee EE 109 View in trace diagram wiisetccassatcwivviatecticdineativedesamneces 109 Generating the test signal ccccccssssseeeeeeseeeseeeeeeseens 32 Global offset ENEE 76 149 Graphical measurement WINdOW rrrranrrnnnnnrnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 25 53 Graphical representation rranrrrrrrannrorrnnnnrrnrnnnnrrnnnnnnnnnnn 53 Graphical user interface ranr
143. nal power measured by the power sensor The sensor runs with continuous initiali EE User Manual 1173 0314 02 05 31 4 3 1 4 3 2 Performing a Measurement with R amp S NRPV zation enabled and thus sends measurement results without waiting for any trigger events In continuous average mode the average signal power is continuously measured with out the measurement window and the signal being synchronized During the measurement period samples are measured at equal intervals The results of two adjacent measurement windows are combined The average of both is either output as the final result or used as an intermediate result for further averaging Not all power sensors support all of the examples described below Setting up the measurement 1 Check that the required system components are available as listed below PC R amp S Power Sensor e g R amp S NRP Z81 R amp S Signal Generator passive adapter cable R amp S NRP Z4 for the R amp S NRP Zxx sensors or NRP ZKU cable for the R amp S NRPxxS N sensors 2 Check that the system is setup as required For the R amp S NRP Zxx power sensors set up the measurement system as descri bed in chapter 3 4 2 R amp S NRP Zxx Single Measurement Setup on page 14 For the R amp S NRPxxS N power sensors set up the measurement system as descri bed in the user manual of the sensor 3 Check that the PC is ready for operation It is assumed that all software compo nents are inst
144. nel Indicates that the measurement in this channel is currently not active Numerical Measurement Window Numerical measurement windows indicate the measurement results numerically On the right side a control panel provides buttons for accessing further dialogs entry fields User Manual 1173 0314 02 05 52 Graphical User Interface GUI for measurement related settings and the Snapshot button for storing current set tings 4 Continuous Window OUT w 11 01 dBm Mean Freq Max 10 842 dBm 3 500 GHz 10 726 dBm Fig 5 8 Operating concept gt Numerical measurement window 5 1 2 2 Graphical Measurement Window Graphical measurement windows as for example in trace or timeslot mode are divi ded into three sections e the display area containing the graph and a diagram description bar e the control panel on the right side with softkeys and entry fields e the measurements panel underneath the graph R amp S NRPV Operating Concept nfiguration Trace li Trace Window 1 aA Power Scale O O O O eference Power 34 000 dem Powe gt 34 000 dBm 20 000dB Scale Freely v DA AT 73 915 us VEE en EE Time Div 500 000us 2 Hi MYSA SN SAS MAPS AA AE HIMAL beth Le Lh Ly PN H PP AR UI Y EN E Free Run Hr dad Ald aha Al da Ananda AM f MN 5 ly A MA Me J uy 1 VA i IA Me I vila No j Pa Wii Settings i D J
145. ng a Measurement with R amp S NRPV on page 31 Describes how to get started by selecting the power sensor the signal channel configuring the test signal and results display GUI Overview Starting the R amp S NRPV software the main application window opens The appearance is based on the Microsoft Windows layout Measurements are displayed in additional windows The appearance of those windows varies depending on the measurement mode and the required settings 4 1 1 GUI Overview Windows Main Application window R amp S NRPY Virtual Power Meter Ga Fie Configure Trigger Measure Zero Window Help ARH REREHAAM oF RR Welcome to R amp 5 NRPY Virtual Power Meter Fig 4 1 Main application window of R amp S NRPV The main window of the application covers a menu bar with several pull down menus and a toolbar with icons of the most important functions Similar to Microsoft Office functionality the icon buttons are the alternative possibility for starting a function The status bar informs about the connected power sensors and the currently active tasks Measurement windows Measurement windows look different depending on the measurement mode It is distin guished between numerical and graphic measurement windows R amp S NRPV Quick Start Guide 2 Continuous Window Nav Configuration REF 10 000 dBm Display D D 4 J Snapshot D h Mean Standard Deviation 64 631 dB d EEE
146. ng is irrelevant to all other trigger sources In order to achieve stable trigger conditions a trigger level above 20 dBm is advisable If an S Parameter device has been activated the trigger level setting is always referenced to the input of this device When switching the S Parameter device on or off the set trigger level and the entry limits are automatically adjusted Auto Enable triggering automatically Note Trigger level Auto disables editing manually and vice versa Tip Automatically triggered internal source In the Trace mode Auto activates the automatic setting of the trigger threshold for internal triggering The smallest and the largest sample value within the trace length are determined The trigger threshold is then set exactly to the midpoint of these two values If no trigger events are initiated for more than 0 3 seconds an auto matic search phase lasting 1 second is activated and then the trigger threshold is reset Trigger delay Enter the delay value and unit Setting a positive value delays the effect of the trigger event until the set time has elapsed Entering negative values provides pretriggering which is depending on the sensor type limited to a few ms Dropout Set the dropout time in seconds Enter value and the corresponding unit This parameter prevents the trigger system from being activated too early if the signal briefly falls below or exceeds the trigger threshold The parameter is set to a value th
147. nly connection cables of high speed USB 2 0 hubs Exchange hub if all points above are not successful Software Use one of the supported Microsoft Windows operating systems Microsoft Windows XP with the latest available service pack for Microsoft Win dows XP i e SP2 Microsoft Windows Vista Microsoft Windows 7 Microsoft Windows 8 8 1 Use the latest version of the R amp S NRP Toolkit software version 4 4 0 or higher available at http www rohde schwarz com en software nrp s sn under Downloads gt Firmware Software GUI Overview 4 Quick Start Guide This section introduces the graphical user interface and contains some basics to power measurement 4 1 An instruction to perform a standard continuous average power measurement takes you step by step through the information required to get used to the R amp S NRPV basic modes of operation The Quick Start Guide contains chapter 4 1 GUI Overview on page 24 Describes briefly the main components of the user interface In general the menus dialogs and functions are largely self explanatory Characteristics to spe cific applications or settings are explicitly stated For detailed information on every item of the GUI refer to chapter 5 1 Graphical User Interface GUI on page 47 chapter 4 2 Basic Information on Power Measurement on page 29 Contains some information on power measurement for RF and microwave signals chapter 4 3 Performi
148. nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnr 96 FULL aera ares ease aise oes AA EA 104 FI NE 93 Gate average in trace mode rrrrrannrnnrannnvnrrnnnvnnrnnnr 103 gate in trace mode tege eg eg get en gege 105 Gate peak in trace mode rrrrrannnonrrannrrnrnnnnrrnnnnnner 103 Gate pk avg in trace mode rrrannrnnrvnrrnnnrnnvnvrrnnnnnnre 103 EEE EE EN ER 94 Gates in trace diagram rannrnnrnvrrnnnrnnvrnrrnnnnnnvnnnnnnn 109 Marker in statistics mode rrrranrrnrnnnnvannrnvnnnrnnnnnennnn 132 Marker in trace mode annrnnannnnnnnrnnnnnrnvannevnnnrnvanseennnn 113 MAT 104 Math configuration in numerical measurements 150 Math configuration in trace mode rranrrrrrnnnrvrnrnnnrer 103 Math operation in trace mode rrrannrnrnnnrvnnnnnvnnnrnnnnr 104 Max hold in trace mode 102 105 Measurand in trace mode nnnnnnnennneennnennnnnneenneeenne 102 Measurements panel in trace mode eee 98 LEN EEE EEE EE 93 MIL 93 ETA GLE NEE 94 136 Pulse in trace mode revrarnnnnnnnnnnnvnnvnnnnnnnnnenennnnee 103 105 Results window in trace MOde rrannrnrnnnrnrnnnnvnnnnnnnnnrr 98 SEV ee EE TTT 123 lune GE 94 Timeslot average in trace mode REN 103 Timeslot in trace mode rrrnnnnrnnnnnvnnnnnvnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnee 105 Timeslots in trace diagram EEN 110 Te 95 TE D 101 Lee ele 101 View graphically in trace mode Ab 102 View math in trace mode rrrrannrnnannrnnnnnvvnnnnnnnnnnnnnnr 105 Me asure MENU EE 57 Measurement configurat
149. nts Display the settings of the markers selected for view in Marker R amp S NRPV Settings GUI Reference 6 4 3 Statistics J Statistics Window L E Diagram 7 621 dBm 2 264 dBm 10 887 dBm 3 3236 12 098 G Marker m W Y Start CCDF DIV Auto Power Div 5 000 dB Fixed Trace Tae Sa x uf g KS mi Ek ii lt it rm R mi I e es a rT Deg 7 Fig 6 52 Measure gt Statistics window In the Statistics mode the R amp S NRPV analyzes the power envelope of the test signal and returns an array of statistic values Power envelope in its distribution and distribu tion density function is displayed Statistically analyzing the envelope power requires trace measurement of the signal The measurement covers one time interval and is repeated until the desired number of samples is attained Multiple statistic measure ments can be performed simultaneously The NRP Z8x wideband power sensors provide to graphically display the amplitude distribution as CCDF CDF or PDF 6 4 3 1 Statistics Functions The Statistics dialog covers the following functions Display panel Displays the results of power measurement statistically that means the distribution or the distribution density The display is divided into the chapter 6 4 3 2 Graph in Statis tics Mode on page 125 showing the diagram with grid markers and measurement graph and the chapter 6 4 3
150. nueneneausenechcuneaneaes 47 Settings GUI Reference annnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnennnunnnnre 69 APDENOIK EE RS NS 169 Je REE EE ENE 171 1 1 Documentation Map Preface Documentation Map The user documentation describes the virtual power meter software R amp S NRPV com prising the following topics e Installation software e Release Notes for the most current information e Manual in pdf format e Online help system in html format e Data sheet including brochure and specification in printable form e Getting started and user manual of the R amp S NRPxxS N power sensors e Getting started and operating manuals of the R amp S NRP Zxx power sensors e Links to different useful sites on the R amp S website Versions for pdf and chm It is recommended that you use Adobe Reader for pdf files The latest Adobe Reader version for Windows is provided on the Website http www adobe com Manual Chapter Overview 6 chapter 2 Welcome to R amp S NRPV on page 7 introduces to the virtual power meter software R amp S NRPV e chapter 3 System Setup on page 9 provides information required to prepare the application for power measurement The chapter covers soft and hardware requirements describes how to install the software on a personal computer and how to get the application started e chapter 4 Quick Start Guide on page 24 covers a short description of the application and some
151. ode rrrrannrrrnranneennn 104 Overshoot TREN 111 P Particular E 49 Pill 49 Particular Features iesse ategegi ees ees Steet ege 48 Sensor info Lead dan 49 Zoomed out results display rrerrrrernvrrrrennvrrrnnnnrnnnnnr 48 Peak power Tace diag aM EE 111 Performing a continuous average measurement 31 Phase SOUrCe eetestenge eegene eege eege TT PO Luer 90 Power Absolute power level cccccseeccseeccesecceeeeseaseeees 30 Arbitrary reference POWET rrrnrrrnnnnnvrvnrrnnnrnvnnnnrnnsnnnee 30 Re 30 Relative power level ccccccssseccseeeceeseeceeeeeseeeeseaes 30 UNE er 30 Power definition bet Seege eeneg egene 20 Power sensors CONN CHAO E 13 Multiple Sensors sccssniscnswcsiecemnsicaienonuennniacenieececeaneteetectetatt 15 NRP Z00 E 13 Putinq into operator EE 13 Simulation mode SENSOT arevurnnnevnnevnnevnnvnnevnnevnnevnevnne 13 Power Div Y axis in trace diagram E 108 Preserve trigger settings ccccesccsssseceesssseeesseseeeessenees 89 Preserve window settings rrrrrnnnnernvnnnnevnnnnnevnnnnnnennnnnneene 89 Pil seen 49 Measurement results r rrrrrunrvrrvnrnnnernnrnennennnvsnnnvernene 49 Proximal eebe 88 Proximal power Trace diaga BEE 111 Pulse Go 110 GE EE EE 72 86 Math in trace mode r runnnnnnernnrnnnnnnnnnnnnnnernnvnennnvnevnennr 105 UV en 103 Pulse duration ETNA 110 Pulse measurement Pee eda EEE EE NE 87 Auto equivalent sampling
152. one Feed 2 None s None Relative Auxiliaries Absolute dp Relative dE Resolution dB 5 g1 Fig 4 4 Configuration dialog Configuration dialogs cover entry fields for measurement related settings 4 1 3 Menus The menu bar of R amp S NRPV contains the main menu items Some items include sub menus with additional functions File Configure Trigger Measure Zero Window Help Fig 4 5 Menu bar The following main menus are available e File Contains all functions that belong to file management e Configure Contains basic parameters for configuring a measurement such as fre quency channel settings or predefined digital communication signals In addition you can determine the colors for displays and curves individually e Trigger Contains the functions for setting the parameters of externally connected trigger Sources e Measure Menu for selecting the measurement mode e Zero Menu for zero error correction e Window Menu containing the functions for window handling Help R amp S NRPV Help Configure Trigger Measure Zero GT New Task Starting With E Open Task Ctrl 0 Close Task Save Task Ctrl 5 Save Task As Licensing Recent Task Files Exit Ctrl X Fig 4 6 Standard menu Print Copy to clipboard Trace Configuration Math Configuration Diagram Configuration Marker Configuration Show Focus values Show Trigger Level Move Zoom de Move
153. opriate channels Math Open the dialog for configuring math parameters and operands as described in chap ter 6 4 2 6 Math Configuration on page 103 Select channel color view and mathe matical operation and apply max hold and measurement type to the appropriate chan nels Diagram Open the dialog for Diagram Configuration The configuration dialog is divided in sev eral tabs which are described in chapter 6 4 2 9 Diagram Config gt Axes on page 107 chapter 6 4 2 10 Diagram Config gt Gates Timeslots on page 109 chapter 6 4 2 11 Diagram Config gt Pulse on page 110 and chapter 6 4 2 12 Dia gram Config gt Plot on page 112 Marker Marker opens the dialog for setting the position of a marker and its value in the display and show or hide delta values Power Move Zoom Time Trigger Other 20 000 ETTE gt 10 200 ETTE Move Zoom Move Freely E Zoom Out A 25 000us JS Dei Time Div 500 500 us ET Freerun img w Show Level Se Hold Reset Fig 6 26 Measure gt Trace gt Control panel The control panel contains the parameters to configure the trace measurement win d O For information on how to set the parameters refer to e chapter 6 4 2 15 Power Scale on page 117 chapter 6 4 2 16 Move Zoom on page 118 chapter 6 4 2 17 Time Scale on page 120 chapter 6 4 2 18 Trigger on page 120 chapter 6 4 2 19 Other Section on page
154. ower related AA 87 Time Div X axis in trace diagram avsender 108 KREE 94 Average in trace mode sumaren 103 EINE eee ee ERD eo enn me nee a 72 83 Exclude from end se 84 Exclude from start sureste 84 101 gt 8 JR 84 FEE r e 84 Fence locked snodde 84 e tee 84 Math in trace mode rrrnnnnvnnnvnnnnnnnvnrvnnnvvnnnnnnnnnsnnevuene 105 Nominal length TDMA rrrrnnnnnnnnnvvvvrnnnnrnrernnrnnnnnnenn 84 Nominal width ME 84 Number of timeslots rrrrrrnnrnrvnrnnvrrnrnnvnnnrnnrnenennnrnsnnne 83 User Manual 1173 0314 02 05 Timeslots Measure in trace diagram E 110 WAGE Te un vvs 109 View in trace diagram ENEE 109 TON E 65 Neel E 29 51 61 Top power Tace NN ka 111 eer 93 95 activating gate measurement KEREN 105 Activating pulse measurement rrrrnnnnrrnnnnnrnnnnnnnnnne 105 Activating timeslot measurement seensseeereeeeenen 105 add remove marker rrrnrnnrrnnnrrnvrnrrnnnnnnvnnnrrnnnnnennnn 114 Averaging count ae 102 Ge ER A E Ee 102 IN WEE 101 Context sensitive MENUS rrrrrrrrannrrnvrvvrnnnrrnvrnvrrnnnnne 99 COPING e EE 96 Diagram configuration uuvasemembismnn eve 105 Diagram description Stu atiegiegegt Eeselen EEGEN eg 99 display Panel ee 96 Falling edge in diagram Lussamemresnmisunsn stnu 111 ee Wa EE 104 FE re 119 e ae EE EE 96 Gate Le see 103 E NE EE bees deere 103 EE GEN DEE 103 EEE Ne E 109 EG EE EEE 113 marker E oe aan inira kaa 114 Marker EE ERE 113 marker SE ECO 114 ET en ENE e E
155. pling rate and sampling interval by the example of an NRP Z81 power sensor Table 6 1 Video bandwidth and sampling rate Video Bandwidth Sampling rate Sampling interval User Manual 1173 0314 02 05 76 R amp S NRPV Settings GUI Reference FULL For frequencies from 500 MHz on FULL corresponds to a video bandwidth of at least 30 MHz For frequencies below 500 MHz the video bandwidth is automatically reduced to approx 7 5 MHZ x MHz The video bandwidth is set to the selected value S Parameter Correction Selects and applies a data set of S Parameters available only for sensors that support S parameter correction S Parameter correction Apply not availabl Fig 6 10 Configure gt Channel settings gt S parameter In the Info line of the measurement window the symbol indicates that S Parameter correction has been activated S Parameters are used to correct measurement results that are influenced by a two port connection Provided that a complete set of S Parameters is available in the R amp S power sensor the measurement can be corrected by way of calculation Note that a reference impedance of 50 Ohms must be used for the S Parameters For information on how to use the S Parameters table refer to the operating manual of your NRP Z8x power sensor Gamma Correction Increases the measurement accuracy by either setting the magnitude and phase of the source s reflection coefficient or alternatively the real an
156. position and power Div R amp S NRPV calculates the start and end value of the scale by means of Start Reference Power Reference position Power Div The scale values shown in power grid lines are relative values with respect to refer ence power Y axis Enters start value and grid of the probability axis referring to the distribution function For CCDF CDF function scale unit is in each case for PDF function is dimension less CCDF amp CDF Y axis Covers the Y axis settings for the CCDF CDF distribution function in Min CCDF amp CDF lt Y axis Sets the start value of the probability axis for CCDF CDF evaluation Enter value and unit Prob Div CCDF amp CDF Y axis Defines the value of one Y axis division PDF lt Y axis Covers the Y axis settings for the pdf distribution function Min PDF Y axis Sets the start value of the probability axis for PDF evaluation Enter value and unit Prob Div PDF Y axis Defines the value of one Y axis division Note Modify Y axis parameters in linear scale only Displaying the results in logarith mic scale that means the CCDF or CDF function the start and lt function gt Div values are fixed Modification is only possible for linear scale User Manual 1173 0314 02 05 130 Measure 6 4 3 7 Diagram Config gt Plot Diagram Configuration Statistics EN Horiz Resolution Grid Lines Name Statistics Window
157. r a specified keyboard sequence shortcut Table 5 6 Icons and the corresponding functions Icon Function Corresponding Menu item Shortcut Fz Load Task File gt Open Task CTRL 0 Re mm bk pe p me mm p So or Seance oe GE es Pr Trigger Settings Trigger gt Settings Channel Settings Configure gt Channel Settings PE i i Shortcuts Shortcuts are a combination of keystrokes that provide quick access to commands functions or operations Graphical User Interface GUI Like the icons in the toolbar the R amp S NRPV has predefined key combinations that invoke particular functions Trigger Measure Zero Startup Configuration Colour Settings Channel Assignment CtrHA Signal Frequency Channel Settings Continuous Ctrl C Burst Average CtrlH B Statistics Ctrl I Timeslots Chr Gates Ctrl G Pulse Measurement Cru Load Template Fig 5 24 Operating concept gt Shortcuts in menus The following table lists the functions that can be started quickly by a shortcut Table 5 7 Shortcuts and the corresponding functions ALT C ALT LEFT ALT RIGHT ALT T CTRL A CTRL B CTRL C CTRL G CTRL I CTRL 0 CTRL S CTRL T CTRL U CTRL X CTRL Z Channel Assignment Burst Average Continuous Configure gt Channel Assign ment Configure gt Burst Average Configure gt Continuous Aver ag
158. r trigger signal shall be emitted External 1 or External 2 SYNC Selects whether a sensor shall take part in trigger synchronization Ee User Manual 1173 0314 02 05 92 R amp S NRPV Settings GUI Reference In order to avoid spurious triggers in an interconnection of various sensors the trigger synchronization can be used For a better understanding you should know that the trig ger system by means of external trigger connections is controlled by edges not lev els A trigger event is characterized by a positive edge on the trigger line As a conse quence of this a new trigger event cannot be produced while the level of the trigger line keeps high And exactly this is the purpose of the trigger sync mechanism When the trigger sync function is activated in a sensor the device holds its trigger line high while it is executing processing the current measurement As soon as the sensor becomes ready it releases the trigger line Since the externally interconnected digital trigger line acts as a wired or logic the level on the trigger line stays high until the slowest device has finished its measurement Then the trigger line can return to low level and another trigger event can occur by a transition to high level 6 4 Measure Measure Zero Window Help Trace F2 Statistics F3 E Continuous F4 Gated F5 Burst Average F Timeslot F7 E Start KI Stop Fil Fig 6 24 Measure menu The
159. ram Config gt Timeslot gt Plot on page 156 Show Hide Markers Right mouse click shows or hides the markers Marker 1 Marker 2 Marker 3 Marker 4 6 4 4 6 Measurement Configuration gt Continuous Gate Burst Configuration Continuous Av Fig 6 71 Measure gt Numerical gt Meas configuration gt Continuous Burst Gate O The Duty Cycle tab applies to Continuous Av measurement mode In a numerical measurement Configuration dialog you can define up to four mea surements You can enable the measurement results for display select the channel and measurand and define additional parameters like averaging or unit covered in separate tabs Measurement Indicates the measurement number Measure View Selects the measurement to be viewed on the main numeric measurement window R amp S NRPV views up to four measurements including the absolute channel and maths measurement Note It is not possible to check more than 4 views Channel Selects a channel for numerical measurement The list indicates all assigned channels supporting numerical measurement If the connected sensor provides time gate measurement with the specified global parameters the application evaluates all selected channels Note Channel Duplication In case the same measurement is assigned twice an error message appears RES NRPV Pi LI Duplicate channels cannot be selected It is pos
160. re time Channel Select a channel Aperture Width of the sampling window Defines the length of the unsynchronized time interval for statistical analysis of the signal 6 2 10 Timeslots Timeslot Number of timeslots Timeslot Marminal width 1 000 ms Exclude From start 0 000 5 Exclude From end 0 000 5 Fence Active Start of Fence 0 000 5 Length of Fence 0 000 e Locked Fig 6 15 Configure gt Timeslots Opens the dialog Timeslots for configuring timeslot and fence parameters Number of timeslots Defines the number of subsequent timeslots that belong to one single frame Configure Timeslot Contains the parameters to configure the time slot Nominal width Timeslot Defines the timeslot length by setting time value and unit Note For TDMA signals the nominal timeslot length must be entered here i e the frame length is divided by the number of timeslots Exclude from start Timeslot Defines the time gap to be excluded from measurement at the beginning of the time slot Enter time value and unit Exclude from end Timeslot Sets time value and unit for the time gap to be excluded from measurement at the end of the timeslot Note Exclude You can also interactively set Exclude from Start and Exclude from End interactively in the scope display in the timeslot measurement window Load For various common mobile radio standards you can load the specified parameters un
161. rement section of the math configuration dialog measurements are activa ted Then the results can be indicated in the diagram Measurements Assign the math function to the measurement modes Pulse Measurements Enable the pulse measurement mode The corresponding pulse parameters are dis played in the trace measurement window as described in chapter 6 4 2 11 Diagram Config gt Pulse on page 110 Gate Measurements Enable the gate measurement mode The corresponding parameters are displayed in the trace measurement window as described in chapter 6 4 2 10 Diagram Config gt Gates Timeslots on page 109 Timeslot Measurements Enable the timeslot measurement mode under chapter 6 4 2 10 Diagram Config gt Gates Timeslots on page 109 The corresponding measurement configuration is dis played in the measurement window Diagram Configuration The diagram configuration dialog provides configuration of the trace measurement result window All functions directly relate to the graphical data representation and do not affect sensor settings The dialog covers tabs for parameter settings to e Select the unit the results shall be displayed in chapter 6 4 2 8 Diagram Config gt Unit on page 106 e Define scale and resolution of the axes under chapter 6 4 2 9 Diagram Config gt Axes on page 107 e Set gates or timeslots to be viewed on the trace window in chapter 6 4 2 10 Dia gram Config gt Gates Tim
162. represents the 0 seconds in the X axis and it is common to all the channels within the trace display The number of physical trigger markers is equivalent to the number channels within the trace display The reference time as focus is attached to the grid graphically depicted as an arrow The value does not move with trace nor does it move relative to markers and it is inde pendent of the number of channels The total length of axis is determined by the Refer ence time and Time div The scale minimum depends on the trace offset ranges and the scale maximum depends on the trace measurement time ranges of all sensors that are selected for the measurement R amp S NRPV Settings GUI Reference Reference Time lt X axis Specify the reference time of the trace results window The reference time represents the absolute center of the scale This setting affects the graphical data representation in the application and also the measurement and sensor configuration Reference Position A axis Set the position of the reference time within the trace results window Time Div X axis Define the time value of one X axis division Enter value and unit R amp S NRPV uses a fixed grid of 10 divisions for the X axis The time resolution is set per division with the lowest possible value of 5 ns div Decimal precision more than 3 decimal places is truncated in the display Note Not all sensors support the same time resolution Additional informat
163. required amount of current for all sensors sensor may need between 300 mA and 500 mA Example The NRP Z81 sensor needs up to 500 mA supply current Using 4 sensors simultane ously on one USB hub requires a total current of at least 2 Amperes Even if the rated current values are given in the data sheets commercially available USB hubs often do not reliably provide this amount of supply current over a long period of time Connecting an R amp S Power Sensor to the PC It is recommended that you use the NRP Z5 sensor hub a 4 port USB hub adapter box which perfectly fits to R amp S NRP Zxx Power Sensors Otherwise for industrial grade applications USB hubs for DIN rail mount can provide up to 1 Ampere per USB port and run off a 24 V power supply The following manufacturers provide such devices ge Beckhoff http www beckhoff com CU8005 Luetze http www luetze de 745581 DIOHUB USB 4 3 4 4 R amp S NRP Zxx Complex Measurement Setup R amp S NRP Zxx Master PC with USB R amp S NRP Z5 host interface 4 port USB hub adapter box USB AC supply connection optional Fig 3 4 Complex measurement setup with a 4 port USB hub adapter box NRP Z5 1 Connect the plug in power supply 2 Connect the external trigger source 3 Connect the R amp S NRP Zxx Power Sensors and the USB hub using the NRP Z3 or NRP Z4 adapter cables 4 Connect the signal sources and the power sensors 3 5
164. rograms are installed in Immediately after turning on the start screen appears until the application is ready for operation The application opens in a specific preset configuration see chapter 6 2 2 Startup Configuration on page 72 3 6 Activate an R amp S NRP Zxx Power Sensors in R amp S NRPV R amp S NRPV Virtual Power Meter Copyright 2011 2015 by Rohde amp Schwarz Germany ROHDE amp SCHWARZ Fig 3 7 Startup Screen R amp S NRPV Startup Configuration In this dialog you can select the following startup configuration e The last active state e A user definable mode specified in a task file e Default settings Activate an R amp S NRP Zxx Power Sensors in R amp S NRPV While the R amp S NRPxxS N series of USB power sensors contain an activation key for the NRPV as a factory default the R amp S NRP Zxx series power sensors need to be activated for the use with NRPV If you have already purchased a license key for your R amp S NRP Zxx sensor proceed as described in the following section Alternatively you can activate a sensor without a license temporarily to explore the functionality and scope of the Virtual Power Meter Activate an R amp S NRP Zxx Power Sensors in R amp S NRPV 3 6 1 Activating with License In the delivery you find a license key that unlocks your NRP Zxx sensor in the R amp S NRPV If you want to perform tasks with several power sensors you need a license key for each sensor
165. rrrrrnnnrrrrnnnrrrnrnnnrrnrnnnnnrnnnnnn 47 Grid lines Trace e Eu aatccnssiveanadi tanned icsasenienautmadnsdianaseatnedasaante 112 NU EE 47 OUl elemenis E 65 Alphanumerical entry field A 65 SJU 1001 gt EE EE a 65 CNECK DOK EEE 65 Color selection field fcc ccicccoseececcseceiccadessensacscicedactesasexs 65 DAT E 65 Dialog header EE 65 PS JE SE ENE 65 Ee En EE 65 Numerical entry field WE 65 le ANS EEE 65 Selec ng NET WEE 65 Selection field E 65 STELT OI ME 65 JE o EE A EET 65 TON areae iiA Eai 65 ER Ke EEE eaS EEEN 24 H Hardware EIERE eege 9 en E 65 Ne 167 PVG GS EEE EE 167 FANEN EEN 27 57 167 High reference level A 88 High speed USB hub NEE 9 10010 1 1 EE 87 Hold off Re Let ue 92 Horiz resolution MACS diag NEEN 112 Hysteresis Trigger sethngs eee 91 R amp S NRPV Index l Leo 61 Corresponding menu items noeenesseeeenneeeeneerneeeeeennne 61 MN AG 77 Info VIMO EE ETE T 64 BE M T EE 11 Ve EE 11 R amp S E i 12 Software components Luusasmisuemismeresuneen se 10 MACS Ene 11 0 EAR 87 MON 7 L Last active setings se vade ini iaar 17 72 Ego NE EE EE EE 84 85 Fence in gates mode saivsiusisccubarssciedsseunmarenentisesiebendanes 85 Fence in timeslot mode rrrrnrrnnnennnnonnnennnnnnanennnvenanenn 84 Level Trigger settings sies sed enideasebjlsnaniddejn 90 Ble EA EE EE NER r ernas 17 Load TE EE 88 Gea LO gt EE E aE EEIE E DnA 72 Load template Activate selected communi
166. s are to be reconfigured OFF Use the window parameters from the template in order to optimize the diagram ON Use already determined parameters Preserve trigger settings Determine whether trigger settings are to be reconfigured OFF Use the already optimized trigger parameters from the template ON Use the individually determined trigger parameters Activate Selected Communication Standard Assumes the settings of the selected standard Trigger Measure Zero Wir Settings Trigger Master Fig 6 21 Trigger menu Trigger signals are used to configure the timing conditions for the start of a measure ment The trigger system is required for the average measurement modes timeslot gate and burst as well as for trace and statistics The Trigger menu contains the items Settings used for opening a dialog to config ure trigger parameters and MASTER Trigger amp SYNG covering a submenu for selecting a device intended for synchronizing trigger signals of several devices or trig gering a service request Settings Settings opens the trigger configuration dialog to apply a trigger source and to set the appropriate parameters Master MASTER Trigger amp SYNC Configuration opens the dialog to set the trigger master slave and configure the synchronisation Trigger 6 3 1 Settings The trigger settings dialog contains all trigger functions Trigger source 2 Internal External Trigger slope 3 Positi
167. s the results graphically including relevant information in the upper range of the window With the functions in the right panel you can configure the respective measurement window A graphical measurement window also contains a table that represents the values numerically R amp S NRPV Operating Concept 5 1 2 1 Menu bar The menu bar provides the menus of the application File Configure Trigger Measure Zero Window Help Fig 5 5 Operating concept gt Menu bar Menu A menu displays a list of functions with some of them visualized by icons Find an overview of functions with associated icons in chapter 5 1 5 Icons Toolbar and Short cuts on page 61 Print Copy to clipboard Trace Configuration Math Configuration Diagram Configuration Marker Configuration w Show Focus values Show Trigger Level Move Zoom de Move Freely Moye Horizontal Only Move Vertical Only Power Auto Scale Reset Time Axis Zoom In Fixed Trace Fig 5 6 Operating concept gt Menu Toolbar Contains buttons and options to execute the functions Most of the toolbars functions are also listed in a menu fed DRARAM Ho D Gi Fig 5 7 Operating concept gt Toolbar Status bar The status bar displays the connected sensors the channel they are assigned to or short name and the current activity The background color of the sensor symbol represents the activity Indicates the active chan
168. se with R amp S NRPV see chapter 3 6 Activate an R amp S NRP Zxx Power Sensors in R amp S NRPV on page 18 Recent Task Files Lists the recently used task files Select a task to reopen it Exit Closes the application R amp S NRPV requires a prompt for storing modified tasks in order to save the last changes in the task file 6 2 Configure Trigger Measure Zero Startup Configuration Colour Settings Channel Assignment CtrHA Signal Frequency Channel Settings Continuous Ctrl C Burst Average CtrlHB Statistics Ctrl I Timeslots Chr Gates Chrl G Pulse Measurement Chr Load Template Fig 6 2 Configure menu The Configure menu contains functions for setting the startup configuration and func tions to configure channel assignment channel settings and signal frequency settings Additionally the menu provides dialogs to specify basic parameters for all measure ment modes as well as defined R amp S values and settings of digital standard communi cation signals 6 2 1 Configure Functions Startup Configuration Opens the dialog for selecting the chapter 6 2 2 Startup Configuration on page 72 You can select between user defined settings settings of the last measurement or default settings for starting up the application Color Settings Opens a dialog for setting the colors see chapter 6 2 3 Color Settings on page 73 In this dialog yo
169. sensors are enabled and ready for operation with R amp S NRPV 3 6 2 Activating without License for Temporary Use If you want to evaluate the R amp S NRPV before buying a license for your R amp S NRP Zxx Power Sensors 1 Inthe File menu select File gt Licensing The Licensing NRP Z Power Sensors for NRPV dialog opens 2 Select Evaluate Without License Licensing NRP Z Power Sensors For NRPV Select Sensor For Licensing TT NEE Use this Device ID for activating Evaluate Without License your unregistered license gt 1417 0009K02 100001 k Cancel Fig 3 12 Licensing NRP Z Power Sensor for R amp S NRPV gt evaluate without license The Input Text dialog opens and displays a code sequence for activation Troubleshooting for Setup Related Problems Input Text In order to use RAS NRP Zxx series Power Sensor with the R amp S NRPV software it is necessary to buy license for the individual Power Sensor Entering the code shown below gives you a grace period of 30 minutes for test purposes Code NopoSsx SAH v Fig 3 13 Licensing NRP Z Power Sensor for R amp S NRPV gt code without license The code is generated randomly and changes with each new call 3 Enter the displayed Code string exactly as shown in the Input Text dialog box The coding is case sensitive 4 Confirm with ok This function activates your power sensor for a period of time Power sensors which are enabled t
170. set Time Div 500 000us Fr Show Level HUH Settings ra wg Timeslots Gates Pulse N dB down Marker Oo Chamada om Pulse Duration 558 318 ug Pulse Period Equivalent Sampling Period 625 000 ns Rise Time 563 879 us Pulse Start Time 4 612 ms Overshoot Rising Edge SES 11 455 us Pulse Stop Time 556 634 us Overshoot Falling Edge Top Power Base Power Distal Power Mesial Power Proximal Power Peak Power Average Power Minimum Power Fig 4 30 Trace window User Manual 1173 0314 02 05 4 104 dBm 56 302 dBm 5 019 dBm 10 125 dBm 24 107 dBm 4 060 dBm 39 615 dBm 43 4 3 3 5 Performing a Measurement with R amp S NRPV Opens the Trace window It is shows the measured signal power graphically The control panel provides access to settings dialogs for configuring the trace mathematic functions the diagram and marker Additionally you can configure the display settings like scale power time and trigger In the lower area of the window the measurement panel indicates numerical measurement results For detailed description on trace measurement and the associated functions see chapter 6 4 2 Trace on page 95 Math Configuration Math Configuration includes operands selection for math measurement of maximum of four math channels math operation selection math channel selection for view rela tive measurement option and reference value
171. settings dialog The dialog contains sensor related parameters The parameters are grouped by functionality such as Offset Video bandwidth S Parameter and Gamma correction Ranging and Averaging If a sensor does not sup port a certain functionality the corresponding controls are disabled Channel Selects the channel Offset Note If the signal level is higher than the permissible input level of the sensor it is rec ommended that you connect an attenuator between the signal source and the sensor The attenuator prevents the sensor from damage due to high input power The offset correction compensates the difference between the real signal level and the level at the sensor input The indicated value corresponds to the real signal level Enter and activate correction factors to increase or decrease the measurement result value Correct only factors which do not or only minimally depend on frequency or level For example use this function to adjust attenuators directional couplers or amplifiers that are connected between the signal source and the sensor Positive offset values correspond to external losses negative values to external gains The symbol amp indicates that offset correction is active R amp S NRPV Settings GUI Reference Global Offset Activates the offset correction globally for all frequencies with the entered value 0 000 Offset Sets the global offset value That means the offset for all frequenc
172. sible to perform for example an average measurement and a peak measure ment within the same channel Measurand Selects the measurement parameter to be displayed Note In case the same measurand is assigned to a second measurement in the same channel an error message pops up Average Selects the average power for display Peak Select the highest power measured Note Peak is only available if the sensor supports this feature Tabs Besides the settings described above the measurement configuration dialog covers several tabs for setting further parameters i e e Average parameters see chapter 6 4 4 8 Measurement Config gt Averaging on page 145 e Units see chapter 6 4 4 9 Measurement Config gt Unit on page 146 Relative measurement options and reference values see chapter 6 4 4 10 Mea surement Config gt Relative on page 146 e Auxiliaries containing particular measurement values for display see chap ter 6 4 4 11 Measurement Config gt Auxiliaries on page 147 e Duty cycle settings for calculating the pulse power of pulse modulated signals see chapter 6 4 4 12 Measurement Config gt Duty Cycle on page 148 e Limit values see chapter 6 4 4 13 Measurement Config gt Limits on page 149 Measure 6 4 4 7 Measurement Configuration gt Timeslot Configuration Timeslot Window Ed Display Timeslots Ia O example 1 or 1 46 8 Averaging Unit Count Ref Timeslot
173. st and the second mea surement by using the following equation SWR 1 RC 1 RC The measurement is performed in logarithmic scale Note The forward power must be measured in the first channel and the reverse power must be assigned to the second channel RC is the reflection coefficient internally calculated from the mea sured power values P1 in channel 1 and P2 in channel 2 RC 10081 P2 20 Diff Subtract the measured power in the second channel from the power of the first channel The calculation performed in linear scale is con verted to logarithmic scale Displayed unit is dB Ratio Build the ratio of the power in the first channel to the power in the second channel Internally the ratio is performed by subtracting the measured power values in logarithmic scale Displayed unit is dB User Manual 1173 0314 02 05 104 6 4 2 7 Measure View Select the math channels to be viewed on trace display On selecting a math channel Math trace plot is displayed in the measurement window Max Hold Set Max hold functionality Max hold records the highest value measured for each point independent from the selected operation The maximum measured value is dis played Note Enable max hold to reset the stored values Activating again restarts maximum value recording In the measurement section of the dialog trace measurements are activated Then the measurement can be indicated in the diagram In the measu
174. sure gt Numerical gt Meas configuration gt Auxiliaries 6 4 4 12 Measure The Auxiliaries tab applies to Continuous Gated and Burst Average measurement modes Timeslot mode features a special display with settings defined separately The characterizing values in timeslot mode are described in chapter 6 4 4 3 Graph in Timeslot Mode on page 139 In the Auxiliaries tab you can select particular measurement values for display Besides the main readings you can additionally display up to three values in the result field 1st 2nd 3rd Selects up to 3 parameters for display The R amp S NRPV calculates the following values during measurement Min The minimum value resulting from the measured samples Max The maximum value resulting from the measured samples Mean The mean value calculated from the measured samples StDev The standard deviation calculated from the samples Freq The frequency of the measured signal Count The counted the number of samples Av Count The number of readings to be averaged for one measured value None none Aux Reset Assigns the currently measured Min Max Mean Num and StDev values The Reset button is enabled if any of the auxiliaries entry fields is selected Measurement Config gt Duty Cycle Averaging Unit Relative Auxiliaries Duty Cycle Limits Correction DutyCyde 1 000 1 000 Fig 6 77 Measure gt Numerical
175. t of math results 6 4 4 17 Measure Reset Accepts the currently calculated value as reference value This Reset button is enabled when relative function is on Note If the measurement result is invalid during reset function an error message pops up Ref Value Enters a new reference value directly or modifies a previously set value Math Config gt Auxiliaries Unit Relative Auxiliaries i Limits Jet Mean Mean and StDev StDev 3rd Count na Count Count Fig 6 82 Measure gt Numerical gt Math configuration gt Auxiliaries In the Auxiliaries tab you can determine math results for display Along with the main numeric value up to three values are displayed in the result field 1st 2nd 3rd Selects up to 3 parameters for display The R amp S NRPV calculates the following values Min The minimum value resulting from the calculated samples Max The maximum value resulting from the calculated samples Mean The mean value calculated from the calculated samples StDev The calculated standard deviation Feed 1 Feed 2 The values of feed 1 or feed 2 are used for calculating Count The counted the number of samples None none Aux Reset Assigns the currently measured Min Max Mean Feed Num and StDev values This Reset button is enabled if any of the auxiliaries entry fields is selected Measure 6 4 4 18 Math Config gt Limits 6 4 4 19 Unit Relative Aux
176. t the stored values see also chapter 6 4 2 19 Other Section on page 121 Alternatively disable max hold check box and enable again to restart maximum value recording View graphically Activate the trace for indication in the graph Averaging Enable manually setting of the averaging count The averaging count sets the number of traces to be evaluated to form the measurement result In manual mode the sensor uses the averaging factor set in the averaging count entry field In auto mode the sen sor determines the optimum average filter count internally based on the given resolu tion 0 01 dB Note The following averaging count entry field is enabled only if averaging is activa ted Avg Count Enter the number of values that have to be averaged to form the measurement result The greater this averaging factor the less the measured values fluctuate and the lon ger the measurement time The entered averaging count value is rounded off to the nearest power of 2 Use the Up amp Down arrow buttons to increment decrement the averaging count also rounded to the next higher lower power of 2 values Increasing averaging count reduces signal variations and noise The changed averaging count is transferred to the corresponding sensor featuring the following configurations e Avg count lt Min Averaging count is set to minimum and the decrement button is disabled EE User Manual 1173 0314 02 05 102 Measure e Avg
177. table Note A parameter which cannot be graphically displayed supports only check or uncheck LI Uncheck Do not show the value Pulse Times Contains parameters for information on characteristic times of a pulse R amp S NRPV Settings GUI Reference Pulse Dura Mesial power Displays the pulse width tion Note Usually the interval between the 50 points of the final ampli tude is used too define pulse duration Pulse Period Displays the time the pulse signal needs to complete one cycle Duty Cycle Indicates the duty cycle of the measured power If a duty cycle ofa pulsed signal is measured the R amp S NRPV displays the average power in the pulse Equivalent Indicates the duty cycle of the equivalent sampling period Sampling Period Rising Edge Contains falling edge signal parameter to be displayed Rise Time Indicates the time required for the signal to change from low value to high value Pulse Start Displays the start point of the current pulse i e the time when the Time signal crosses the medial reference level Overshoot Indicates when the final value is exceeded Falling Edge Contains falling edge signal parameter to be displayed Fall Time Indicates the time required for the amplitude of a pulse signal to change from high value to low value Pulse Stop Displays the end point of the current pulse i e the time when the sig Time nal crosses the medial reference level Overshoot
178. tart F10 m Stop Fii Fig 4 18 Measure menu The Continuous measurement window appears It is shows the measurement results numerically and the control panel for accessing further dialogs with param eters for measurement evaluation and display 23 Continuous Window OUT Configuration Data Snapshot 10 20 dBm Frequency Standard Deviation Count 100 000 MHz 0 132 dB 338 Fig 4 19 Continuous window The measurement result is displayed in dBm as the default unit setting for continu OUS average power measurement 2 Change the unit of the measurement result Performing a Measurement with R amp S NRPV a In the Continuous Window select Meas to open the Measurement Con figuration dialog Configuration Continuous Window Measurement View Relative Resolution dB Fig 4 20 Configuration gt Continuous window b Select the Unit tab in the lower area of the dialog c Select W in the Absolute selection list d Click Apply to assign your entry and confirm with OK 24 Continuous Window Frequency Standard Deviation 100 000 MHz 448 125 pW Fig 4 21 Continuous window gt results in Watt The measurement result is displayed in W Set a fixed offset correction If the signal level is higher than the permissible input level of the sensor an attenu ator is connected between the signal source and the sensor to prevent the sensor from
179. tes the measurement configuration Gate parameters as start time length and fence settings are defined in Gates For time gate average mode the control panel includes an entry file for gate selection Note Gate is available only if free run mode is locked Snapshot Gate Selection Stores the current measurement value ina csv file The R amp S NRPV automatically creates a new file assigns the file name composed of the date time and an abbrevia tion for the measurement and stores it in the application path under SAPPDATA Rohde Schwarz NRPV Snapshots SAPPDATAS is a system variable representing drive and path of the application data of your PC Further snapshots of the same date and measurement are continuously stored in this file Note Move the pointer over the button to find a ToolTip with information on directory path and file name Measure Appends current measurement result s to snapshot File S4PPOATA Rohde SchwarziNRPy Snapshots WRPY_20120328 1143518_Ta csy Table 6 5 Measurement abbreviations CA Continuous Average TG Time Gate BA Burst Average Measurements Panel Note Measurements panel refers to Timeslot measurement Displays power values available in a selected timeslot For detailed description refer to chapter 6 4 4 22 Measurements Panel gt Timeslot on page 156 6 442 Results in Numerical Mode JE e LP Continuous Pk Av 10 91 dBm Frequency ean Standard Deviation
180. tion for R amp S Instruments This chapter gives an introduction to the Virtual Power Meter including main features scope and system overview 2 1 Introduction The power meter software application R amp S NRPV represents power measurement for the most relevant frequency bands and power classes By communicating with R amp S NRP Zxx and R amp S NRPxxS N sensors the program covers a wide range of applica tions Besides the basic continuous average measurement function R amp S NRPV also includes the measurement modes timeslot burst and scope measurement The R amp S NRP Zxx and the R amp S NRPxxS N are highly accurate standalone measur ing instruments With their internal CPU the power sensors process the measurement results and communicate directly with a PC via an USB connection Additionally the R amp S NRPxxSN the so called network sensors are equipped with a Gigabit Ethernet interface with Power over Ethernet PoE power supply With a high dynamic range and automatic error correction the power sensors are suita ble for nearly every measurement task As an example among other duties the NRP Z81 is able to measure pulse parameters automatically and the R amp S NRPV software represents the results For measurements with any number of power sensors the graphical user interface of R amp S NRPV offers functionality and operation comparable to a multi channel oscillo scope 2 2 Main Features R amp S NRPV supports all sensor fe
181. ture time of a few microseconds to minimize the inherent noise component in the measurement result For an unmodulated signal as it is in this example the default setting of 10 us in conjunction with chopper stabili zation provides optimum noise suppression To set up a continuous average measurement window proceed as follows 1 In the menu bar select Configure gt Continuous Performing a Measurement with R amp S NRPV Trigger Measure Zero Startup Configuration Colour Settings Channel Assignment Ctrl 4A Channel Settings Signal Frequency Continuous Burst Average Ctrl48 Statistirs Cru Fig 4 16 Configure gt Continuous Opens the Continuous Average dialog to enter the aperture time and to activate smoothing Continuous Window cence Fig 4 17 Configure Continuous gt Aperture time Select the channel In the Aperture entry field enter 10 us The aperture time defines the size of the measurement window The aperture time of the selected channel is indicated Select Apply to assign the entry Close with OK 4 3 3 3 Execute Measurement Start the measurement a To start the measurement switch on the test signal of the signal source Performing a Measurement with R amp S NRPV b In the menu bar select Measure gt Continuous m Trace F2 H statistics F3 E Continuous F4 El Gated F5 EU Burst Average Fe Timeslot F7 D s
182. u can design your measurement windows that means you can arbitra rily assign colors to the traces curves and markers as well as to background and grid lines of diagrams Channel Assignment Opens the dialog for selecting and assigning the channel see chapter 6 2 4 Channel Assignment on page 74 This dialog covers information on the connected power sensors and its connectivity Signal Frequency Opens the Signal Frequency dialog for setting the carrier frequencies of the signals see chapter 6 2 6 Signal Frequency on page 80 Channel Settings Opens the dialog for configuring a channel see chapter 6 2 5 Channel Settings on page 74 Channel settings include offset video bandwidth gamma and S Param eter correction ranging and averaging Measurement Modes The following topics provide dialogs to configure basic signal parameters that are inde pendent of the used power sensor These parameters represent the global settings and are needed in principle with the respective measuring modes Changes of these settings are saved in task files Note See also chapter 6 2 13 Load Template on page 88 to recall predefined set tings based on a measurement mode or based on a digital standard communication signal Continuous Eu r Bac ee AP BUr amp t AVETSQE OTITO Statistics Chi Tan sarl Lu gr lmeslots Ctrl Tatar ae pr bates Tits belle EE mela Fulse Measurement L TI A Load Template
183. ude variations e g modulated sig nals l e use the integration algorithm if the energy content of the complete pulse including rising and falling edges is needed and not only the most probable top level Auto Equivalent Time Sampling Activate auto equivalent sampling Thresholds The threshold parameters Distal Mesial and Proximal define the high mid and low ref erence level that are used to determine the pulse timing All values are specified in per cent of the pulse amplitude i e the difference between top and base power Levels are related to power readings in Watt Voltage Power related Thresholds Select how the threshold parameters are calculated either voltage related or power related The voltage related parameters represent the normal case as the usual repre sentation when defining the pulse parameters rise fall time pulse width is U t To achieve a display with equivalent power related values the voltage related threshold values must be converted squared The following table compares levels related to Volts Watt and dBW User Manual 1173 0314 02 05 87 6 2 13 Configure Table 6 2 Voltage power related reference level Reference Level Voltage related V Power related W Log scale dB m em mw mi me pm 1 High Ref Level Distal Thresholds Set the high reference level in terms of percentage of the overall pulse level The distal power defines the end of the rising edge
184. ult If one of the limits is exceeded a warning is issued Upper Lower Activates the limit check On Switches on the monitoring function for the upper limit or lower limit respectively Off Switches off upper lower limit check Upper Lower Value Specifies an upper lower limit for the measured values If a limit is exceeded the warn ing message Limit fail is displayed Warning Beep Activates the acoustic alarm On Activates an acoustic alarm for output if a limit is exceeded Measure Off Turns off the acoustic alarm 6 4 4 14 Math Configuration Math Configuration Continuous Window Math M2 View Feed 1 Meas2 e Operation pi Ratio k Relative Auxiliaries Limits Absolute Relative Resolution dB Fig 6 79 Measure gt Numerical gt Math configuration dialog R amp S NRPV provides the Math functionality in the measurement modes continuous gate and burst R amp S NRPV processes the results from several sensors using mathematical functions The math configuration dialog provides configuration of up to four math channels for multichannel measurement Each of the four channels can be assigned to the same or to different sensors If multiple channels use the same sensor the measurement is performed only once The result is reused for the other channels View selection boxes activate displaying the measured and computed results of each math channels In this dialog
185. unctions that belong to file management like creating saving or recalling measurement data or printing the measurement results Task files are stored in the default directory SAPPDATAS Rohde Schwarz NRPV Taskfile lt taskname tsk gt In addition the R amp S NRPV application can be closed with the Exit function New Task Starting With Opens the sub menu for selecting a measurement task Trace Window New Task Starting With Creates a new task for measurement mode chapter 6 4 3 Statistics on page 123 Statistics Window New Task Starting With Creates a new task for measurement mode chapter 6 4 3 Statistics on page 123 Continuous Gated Burst Average or Timeslot Window New Task Starting With Creates a new task for a numerical measurement mode The measurement windows of these modes are almost similar The description in chapter 6 4 4 Numerical on page 136 applies to all modes Special features are described explicitly Open Close Save Save As Tasks Manages task files These functions are self explanatory and very similar to the Microsoft Windows file dialog Configure Note The extension of a measurement task is tsk and cannot be changed By default the file storage location is SAPPDATAS Rohde Schwarz NRPV Taskfile lt taskname tsk gt Licensing Opens the Licensing NRP Z Power Sensors for NRPV dialog In this dialog you can enable an R amp S NRP Zxx Power Sensors for u
186. v ox IC Jg Fig 4 27 Display Configuration gt continuous window name In this dialog you can assign a name window name b Enter the name for example 1 GHz GSM Continuous Av c Select Apply and confirm with OK 43 100 MHz GSM Continuous Av SE OUT av REF 10 000 dBm 16 67 dB Frequency Standard Deviation Count 100 000 MHz 0 006 dB 1629 Fig 4 28 Continuous window gt window renamed Performing a Measurement with R amp S NRPV 4 3 3 4 Graphically representing power versus time Trace and statistics modes represent graphically the measured power versus time Displaying the signal graphically as with an oscilloscope trace mode is particularly suitable for recognizing stable triggering of modulated signals during measurement Set the trace mode 1 Apply an amplitude modulated or pulsed signal with a modulation or pulse fre quency of 1 kHz and 0 dBm signal level 2 To configure trace mode select Measure gt Trace in the menu bar R amp S NRPV Quick Start Guide I diesel Zero Window Help Trace F2 Ju Statistics F3 Continuous F4 EN Gated F5 Mad Burst Average F Timeslot F7 DI KE Stop Fil Fig 4 29 Select trace mode U Trace Window 1 Configuration Trace Math Reference Power 14 650 db 146 1 14 650 dem d r B Power Div F 10 000 2 Scale Zoom Scale Freely wi Scale Reference Time 51 188 us gt Re
187. ve Negative Trigger level 10 0 dEm Auto Trigger delay 0 000 s Dropout 200 000 ns Hysteresis Holdoft 0 000 e Locked Fig 6 22 Trigger settings dialog Channel Select the channel Trigger source Activate the trigger source Internal Select internal trigger source The trigger event is generated by the sensor External Select external trigger source The trigger event is executed with the aid of the active edge of the sensor s incoming trigger signal The active edge is selected under Slope Trigger slope Activate the trigger slope Positive Set the rising edge of the trigger signal as active slope The R amp S NRPV shows the symbol in the display Negative Set the falling edge of the signal as active slope indicated by l Trigger level Determine the high low threshold a trigger signal must exceed or fall short before a trigger event is detected R amp S NRPV Settings GUI Reference Manual Enter the power value of the high low threshold in dBm For a posi tive slope the measurement is triggered when the signal level rises above the threshold The threshold determines the power level at which the signal is high active or low inactive In case a negative slope is set the trigger event is initiated when the signal level falls below the threshold Tip Defining the trigger level manually Setting the trigger level manually is only possible for internal trigger sources The setti
188. vices installed on your computer Use the Device Manager to change the properties of any device Device Manager Drivers Driver Signing lets you make sure that installed drivers are compatible with Windows Windows Update lets pou set up how Windows connects to Windows Update for drivers Hardware Profiles Hardware profiles provide a way for you to set up and store different hardware configurations Hardware Profiles cance zen Fig 3 16 System Properties 3 In Hardware tab select Device Manager 3 7 3 Troubleshooting for Setup Related Problems E Device Manager Fil Action View Help gt S P 3 E Network adapters gt AF Ports COM amp LPT b a Processors a R amp S NRP Z Power Sensors 8 R amp S NRPLSSN p E Smart card readers E E Sound video and game controllers b KE Storage controllers Fig 3 17 Device Manager If the power sensor and its drivers are installed and working properly it is listed in the R amp S NRP Z Power Sensors section of the Device Manager If an unknown device is shown instead check the items listed in the chapter 3 7 3 USB Related Problems on page 23 USB Related Problems Hardware Use only high speed hubs with own power supply Disconnect the power supply of the hub when switching off the computer Connect the hub s power supply before starting MicrosoftEWindows Do not cascade hubs unnecessarily Use o
189. you can select the channel and measurand or define additional parame ters as for example the unit relative measurement option or auxiliaries which are cov ered in separate tabs Math 1 4 Indicates 4 available math measurements View Selects the math channels to be viewed in the result field R amp S provides to display up to four measurements including absolute channel and math measurements Feed 1 2 Selects a measurement for the first and for the second operand The available abso lute channel measurements are listed for selection Feed 1 Selects the channel to be used to calculate the displayed value 6 4 4 15 Measure Feed 2 Selects the second channel which is to be used for calculation Operation Selects a calculation function to operate the measurement results of feed 1 and feed 2 If view is set the corresponding math measurement results are displayed on the result field Ratio Builds the ratio of the power in the first channel to the power in the second channel Internally the ratio is performed by subtracting the measured power values in logarithmic scale Displayed unit is dB Diff Subtracts the measured power in the second channel from the power of the first channel The calculation performed in linear scale is con verted to logarithmic scale Displayed unit is dB SWR Calculates the standing wave ratio from the first and the second mea surement by using the following equation SWR 1 R

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