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1. Table 7 3 Example of a ruled table Parameters used in the MS Xa calculations for the chlorosilane molecules HxSiCl4 x x 0 4 Table 7 4 Basic macros for ruledtable Table 7 4 Additional macros for ruledtable List of Figures Figure 7 1 Sample figure showing how easy it is to insert numbered figures with captions in T Xsis 4 5 6 se oo dS wee es oo OEE SS Figure 1 17 A bizarrely placed figure for Section 1 51 54 55 58 59 Introduction 1 1 Introduction TEX is a computer typesetting system created by Donald Knuth of Stanford University It is described succinctly in his book The TpXbook TX is especially well suited for type setting technical material containing mathematical symbols and equations As a result TEX in one form or another is now used by almost all mathematicians and most physi cists for writing scientific papers and related documents The journals of the American Mathematical Society are typeset with TEX and the journals of the American Physical So ciety now accept manuscripts written in TEX A large number of physicists also distribute preprint pre publication versions of their papers known as e prints via an archive server based at the Los Alamos National Laboratory T X in some form is the de facto standard for such papers There are actually several different flavors of TREX One of the reasons that TEX is so useful is
2. e eV keV MeV GeV and TeV give the abbreviations for energy units eV keV MeV GeV and TeV respectively e mb mub nb pb and fb give the abbreviations for cross section units mb ub nb pb and fb respectively while cmsec gives cm s the standard units for luminosity in colliding beam accelerators e units name is a generic macro to print in Roman type the name of any units not covered by the macros above For example you can say units furlongs and units fortnights if you are using that particular system of units Note that all of the abbreviations for units above are defined without any spacing to produce L 10 cm s7t p 8 3 GeV you should type cal L 10 33 cmsec qquad p_ perp 8 3 GeV with a to make a thin space between the number and the units Equations 19 3 3 Automatic Parentheses Sizing Plain T X provides automatic adjustment of the sizes of parentheses and other delimiters when you use left and right as in left math material right TrXsis provides similar automatic sizing of parentheses and square brackets in displayed equations without the need of typing left and right You must still use left and right for all other delimiters and they can be used for parentheses and square brackets if desired This feature is turned on and off with autoparens and offparens respectively the default once you say texsis is autoparens Thus
3. eprint Produces a paper in a format suitable for submission to the Los Alamos preprint archives the e print bulletin boards such as hep ph hep th hep lat or qc gr Typesetting Complete Papers 33 Manuscript Similar to preprint but with true double spacing for manuscripts submitted for publication in journals such as the Physical Review which require this book A book or other long document with a separate title page running headlines a table of contents etc Page numbers are printed in opposite corners on left and right handed pages thesis Similar to book this format is for typesetting a doctoral disser tation or similar document It may be customized for your own university After the command defining the type of document you can add optional commands to modify the default layout For example you might want to use texsis paper hsize dimen vsize dimen singlespaced to produce a single spaced conference proceeding of a specified size Macros to create more specialized documents in some of the common formats used by physics journals and conferences are described in Section 9 Since T Xsis obviously cannot include all the possible formats that section also contains some hints about how to modify a format to fit your needs 6 2 The Title Page A complete paper almost always starts with a title Most probably it will also include the names of the authors and often it will include an abstra
4. Here is a summary of the commands which can be used to set up and control double column mode SetDoubleColumns c width Set up the double column format using the current hsize and vsize for the total size of the page and c width for the column width doublecolumns Begin double column mode newcolumn Force a column break much like newpage forces a page break enddoublecolumns End double column mode making balanced double columns 96 Double Column Output longequation Begins a long equation which cannot fit within one column and therefore must stretch across both columns This balances the columns putting a leftcolrule below the left column and then enters single column mode endlongequation Ends a long equation returning to double column mode and putting a rightcolrule above the right column of the text following Miscellaneous Macros 97 12 Miscellaneous Macros There are a number of useful macros in T Xsis which don t fit into any of the topics covered in previous sections but which still deserve some discussion We will simply lump them all together in this final section 12 1 draft mode Saying draft turns on a number of features which are useful for making a draft copy of a document The disclaimer Preliminary Draft is added to the bottom of each page of the document along with the page number and a time and date stamp The page number will let you keep track of the page order eve
5. TEXSIS TEX TEX EXE amp TEXSIS_LIB TEXSIS where TEX is the logical name for the main T X directory You can also put these commands in a TRX initialization COM file 6 3 For PCT X you should find in the distribution a file TEXSIS BAT If you don t you can create it The file should contain ECHO OFF PCTEX TEX amp TEXSIS 1 F 25000 Replace the TEX command with TEX386 or TEX386b if appropriate for your machine For PC T X versions 3 14 and greater the F 25000 is no longer needed Either put this file in a directory in your command path or add the directory it is in to your PATH statement If you want to be able to load a patch file then you should also include a line such as def TXSpatches C TEXSIS TXSpatch in the TXSsite tex file Because TEX and MS DOS both use back slashes for their own purposes the path is specified with forward slashes DOS understands them to be the same as a backslash After these steps have been carried out T Xsis should be installed and available to you and to other users if installed system wide The command texsis name Customization and Installation of TRXsis 107 should run T Xsis on the file name tex and produce the file name dvi which can be printed like any dvi file A good test is to go to the TpXsis source directory or the doc umentation directory if the documentation files TXSxxx doc have been put in a separate directory and say texsis Manual On the first try
6. The IEEE and North Holland double column formats in the list above use the double column macros described in Sect 11 For example NorthHollandTwo sets up a document with an overall width of 21 3 cm a page length of 27 1 cm and a column width of 10 0 cm Note that this is just about as wide or a little wider than most small laser printers can print so provisions have been made for shifting the printed page horizontally to print one column at a time if necessary A document printed with this format might have the following basic structure texsis NorthHollandTwo set up double columns titlepage but still single column mode title page material endtitlepage ends the title material doublecolumns now start double column mode text of paper enddoublecolumns balance the final columns bye Saying NorthHollandTwo only defines the double column layout it does not turn on double column mode The title material is printed in single column format across the full page width then the main body is printed in double column format once doublecolumns appears It is important to say enddoublecolumns at the end of the document to balance the columns on the last page Formatting text in balanced double columns can be quite tricky so you should read Section 11 carefully before trying to use any of the double column macros 76 Style Files and Specialized Formats 9 1 1 Physical Review Formats The PhysRevManuscript style is
7. omit paraf text parasize dimen This T X primitive causes the normal template for its entry to be omitted allowing the user to do something else with this entry Formats text into a neat little paragraph like this one The width of the paragraph produced is determined by the dimension parasize The default is 4 inches Sets the width of paragraphs for the para macro TableItem stuff Used in the standard template this macro centers its argument in the column The user can redefine it for special effects tablespace The spacing around each item for TableItem LooseTables TightTables TrailingSpaces NoTrailingSpaces Set tablespace to quad and respectively Use trailing spaces and glue items in table entries de fault or ignore them See text bigitem stuff vctr stuff centeredtables Use this for something that would normally not fit in one line of a table to make the spacing between rows large enough for this item Centers the item vertically so that it can appear be tween two rows Turns table centering on Each table will be centered left to right on the page This is the default noncenteredtables Turns table centering off Each table is returned as an hbox and it is up to the user to place it as desired tableinfotrue tableinfofalse thicksize dimen thinsize dimen tablewidth dimen Turns on or off the diagnostic message
8. will scale the drawing in the file figure ps so that its width is dimen with the height scaled accordingly while saying epsfysize dimen epsfbox graph ps will scale the drawing in the file graph ps so that its height is dimen with the width scaled accordingly You can only specify the width or height but not both at the same time Whatever change of size you specify will only be applied to the epsfbox command which immediately follows After that subsequent included graphics will revert to their natural sizes unless you also specify a particular size for them The epsfbox command creates a box of the proper size into which the figure is later drawn That is all If you want the figure to be centered across the page then you will have to do so yourself using centerline or something similar The advantage of this is that since figures are simply treated as boxes you can stack them or arrange them in a row or do whatever else you would with boxes This gives you much more flexibility to construct complicated figures from several EPS files So now consider the earlier example of including a 4 cm tall penguin diagram in a figure but now assuming that the drawing exists as an EPS graphic in the file penguin eps Assume also that we need to override the default bounding box in that file The commands to do this are figure Penguin2 centerline epsfysize 4cm epsfbox penguin eps Caption Example of including EPS graphic
9. 47 49 109 epsfxsize 48 epsfysize 48 49 Eq 11 13 27 eqalign 13 14 19 egqalignno 13 100 EQN 11 13 15 EQNalign 13 14 15 19 100 eqnbox 100 EQNdisplaylines 15 EQNdoublealign 15 eqnmark 100 eqnmarker 100 eqno 11 eqnotracefalse 12 eqnotracetrue 12 96 Eqs 11 13 equations alignment 13 15 17 labeling 11 12 multiple 12 13 numbering 11 16 etal 22 Eurostyletrue 22 eV 18 everychapter 37 everydisplay 80 everyListing 67 everysection 37 everysubsection 37 everysubsubsection 37 example 65 66 72 FAX 85 107 faxmemo 85 107 FaxNumber 85 fb 18 Feynman Diagrams 49 Feynman Richard P 21 Fig 28 45 fignum 63 figure 45 46 60 61 figures 44 at end of document 61 nonstandard placement 62 placement 45 46 size 46 FiguresLast 61 63 110 FiguresNow 61 fire detection 92 floating insertion 44 flushleft 64 flushright 64 folio 28 40 fonts 6 FootFont 9 108 Footnote 4 9 108 footnote 4 9 34 108 footnotes 9 footnum 9 forceleft 93 forceright 93 form letters 88 formal script 7 formEnvelopes 90 formLabels 90 formlabels 90 111 formLetters 82 88 89 formletters 89 109 forward references 29 fourteenpoint 6 frac 16 Frisbee 42 From 85 87 fullfigure 45 46 fulltable 50 51 functional measure 7 gdef 76 83 89 93 Geoffroy Claude 92 GeV 18 grad 16 gtsim 16
10. MEMORANDUM The organization name defaults to NORGANIZATION which you can change if you like simply by saying def ORGANIZATION name This can be done once in the file TXSsite tex before compiling T Xsis as described in Appendix A or you can explicitly put the name of your organization in your file The commands for the memo format are memo Initialize TRXsis for memo format faxmemo A document format similar to memo but for faxes Included in the header is a space to enter the number of pages sent A return fax number is also included if it is defined in FaxNumber Date Prints the word Date and the date which must be on the same line If no date is given then the current date is used as given by today If you would rather have the date in the upper right hand corner as in a letter use letterdate instead of Date To Prints the word To and the name s which follow From Prints the word From and the name s which follow Subj Prints the word Subject and the subject which follows The sub ject may be several lines long The first line of the subject field is used in a running headline at the top of all pages following the first FAX Prints FAX for entering a fax telephone number n New line for To From or Subj nopagenumbers Turns off the running subject headlines and the page numbers This must be typed after memo since it is redefined by the memo format T
11. between the initials and the name the control spaces X after the abbreviations and the use of the vol macro for the volume number vol number prints the volume number with an underscore below it This is easier to read than boldfaced volume numbers on small laser printers but if you prefer something else you can simply redefine the vol macro Similarly booktitlef title will print the title of a book in slanted type Finally note that there is no punctuation at the end of the reference text This is because TRXsis automatically supplies the appropriate punctuation 22 References and Citations when it prints the list of references Normally this will simply be a period but it is possible to have multiple references assigned to the same reference number in which case the references are separated by semi colons with the last reference terminated by a period How to do this is described below Since typing the text of a journal citation is somewhat complicated the journal macro was created to make things a little easier The format is journal journal name volume page number year This constructs the journal citation for you with periods automatically replaced by in abbreviations and the volume number underlined for you by vol It is important that the field separators the semi colon the comma and the parentheses all be present and in the right order or TEX will look as far forward as it tak
12. difficult to do it exactly right in all cases so for now it may be best to change tabs to spaces in the source file if proper tab stops are needed Most good editors like emacs already do this for you so this should not pose much of a problem 8 5 List Environments When you want to make a list of things there are several ways to do it The items in the list can be marked by a simple marker like a bullet e by a number or numbers and letters as in an outline or by some sort of descriptive text in the margin In Plain T X you would make all of these kinds of lists using the item macro The list environments described below are generalizations of item for making these various kinds of lists itemize List of paragraphs marked by a bullet e or other symbol enumerate List of paragraphs labeled by numbers or by combinations of num bers and letters as for an outline description List of items and paragraphs describing them In each list environment itm is used to introduce each individual item The environments are terminated with enditemize endenumerate and enddescription respectively The three different kinds of environments can be nested to produce a list with several levels The indentation of and spacing above and below the list environments can be easily controlled This is described in Section 8 5 4 8 5 1 Itemized lists itemize produces paragraphs marked by bullets e or some other appropriate symbol
13. formEnvelopes You will probably have to print the output in landscape mode and you may want to adjust the size or placement of the envelopes as described in Section 10 2 92 Double Column Output 11 Double Column Output Typesetting text in more than one column on a single page is more involved than type setting text in a single page wide column but this extra effort can be rewarded with a document which looks much more professional and which can be easier to read provided that the resolution of your printer is up to it Many publishers of camera ready confer ence proceedings require double column typesetting and the Physical Review and other APS and AIP journals are typeset in double columns In order to make it easy for authors to prepare manuscripts either for such camera ready conference proceedings or for sub mission to Physical Review we have included some powerful double column typesetting macros in T Xsis These macros can automatically balance columns which do not fill an entire page and there are also provisions for equations which must be extended across both columns because they are too wide for a single column Figures and tables or other such floating insertions can be put either in a single column or across both columns The same is true for footnotes By changing a single instruction in the manuscript file it is also possible to take a document which has been prepared for double columns and to print
14. half 16 halign 15 50 53 59 Hall effect 92 Harrity Isabel 114 hbox 55 96 Boldface page numbers are the defining entries Index 121 HeadFont 41 lbrack 19 HeadText 41 left 19 20 heavyfigure 46 Leftcases 17 heavyinsert 44 93 108 leftcolrule 93 95 109 heavytable 51 Left JustifyTables 59 hello world 67 leftpar 98 hep lat 34 Lemma 66 hfil 57 59 lemma 66 hfill 57 59 lemmas 65 hrule 45 letter 82 83 84 hsize 46 81 84 91 92 94 letterhead 82 84 89 101 102 109 ibid 22 letters 82 see form letters idx 42 adjusting size 83 Vie 22 letterwidth 84 IEEE 92 lines IEEEproceedings 74 centering 64 IEEEreduced 74 111 flush left 64 Ignore 96 97 109 flush right 64 IL 89 ListCodeFile 67 imag 18 ListColors 79 80 index 42 ListFigureCaptions 61 108 infiglist 60 61 ListFigures 60 61 initex 103 Listing 67 110 input 23 77 listing computer code 67 insertion classes 45 ListReferences 21 23 24 26 institution 33 34 35 lists intablelist 60 61 different kinds 68 it 6 enumerated 68 69 itemize 68 69 styles 70 71 itemizing 68 indentation 72 itemmark 69 itemized 68 itm 68 71 72 of figures 60 of references 24 j ot 99 of tables 60 J ournal 22 110 text labels 68 71 jtem 98 ListTableCaptions 61 ket 16 ListTables 60 61 keV 18 longequation 92 93 95 109 killspace 57 longindent 83
15. like so 94 Double Column Output Mongequation psi_ n1m r theta phi 2Z over n a_0 73 m 1 1 over 2n n 1 1 Mover 2 rho 1 e rho 2 L_ n 1 1 21 1 rho Y_1 m theta phi endlongequation The command longequation invokes enddoublecolumns to end double column mode and balance the partial double columns and it will also draw a ruled line across the bottom of the left column After the equation has been completed endlongequation invokes doublecolumns to go back to double column mode and it also draws a rule across the top of the right column The purpose of these ruled lines is to guide the reader s eye from the incomplete left column to the right column above the equation and to the top of the incomplete right column from the left column below the long equation The default style of these rules is the same as is used by Physical Review The rules are drawn by macros called leftcolrule and rightcolrule and these can be changed either by you or by astyle file For example if you don t want these rules you can turn them off simply by redefining these macros to be relax def leftcolrule relax def rightcolrule relax As with the other double column macros longequation and endlongequation do nothing if they are invoked when double column mode has not been initialized with SetDoubleColumns to make it easy to print the document in single column mode Keep in
16. scr in place of cal An example is scr L del mu phi ast del_ mu phi m 2 phi 2 Unfortunately we don t know if your computer has the rsfs fonts so we won t try to show you the output from this example The quickest way to determine whether the fonts are available on your system is to try this example and verify that T X does not complain about the font If your system does not have the font then you can obtain it from CTAN or from the TpXsis ftp server See the front cover of this manual for instructions 8 Type Sizes Type Styles and Line Spacing 2 2 Interline Spacing When you use the macros tenpoint twelvepoint etc the style of the type is reset to Roman as if you d also typed rm The baseline skip the distance between lines is also set to be suitable for the type size Several commands are provided that vary the interline spacing both in the text and in auxiliary material such as tables These are doublespaced Makes the baseline skip 1 5 times its normal value True double spacing looks too wide with typesetting singlespaced Resets the baseline skip to its normal value TrueDoubleSpacing Makes the baselineskip twice its normal value This usually looks too wide for a final document but it is desirable in a manuscript being submitted to journals such as Physical Re view triplespaced Makes the baseline skip 3 times its normal value This should only be used for drafts of papers
17. tastes The default is tenit but for this manual we used def HeadFont tens1 Running headlines are not normally affected by subsection but it is easy to have each subsection change the runing headlines by defining aftersubsection to include a setHeadline command As a useful example suppose that each subsection is to have a running headline composed of both the title of the section and the title of the subsection You could have this done automatically by defining something like def aftersubsection setHeadline SectionTitle SubsectionTitle The rest of this section will have such running headlines as an example Typesetting Complete Papers How to Make an Index 43 6 7 How to Make an Index The traditional way to make an index for a book was to write key words on 3x5 index cards and to then write on these card the numbers of the pages on which the key words occurred The cards were then sorted by hand and then their contents also sorted and typed in order to make the index This was a tedious and time consuming task Fortunately this whole process has been modernized so that an index can be made almost automatically Still it takes a certain amount of care to create a useful well constructed index An important part of designing a good index is deciding which key words will be useful in the index and which key words will not A computer cannot make these decisions for you Making an index with TFX still involves collecting
18. this is usually used for a short list with only a single level of nesting where the order either does not matter or is already contained in the items of the list For example itemize was used to produce the list of sections of this manual which begins on page 2 The first few items in this list were produced by saying itemize itm Sect usef sect intro An introduction to TeXsis and the philosophy behind the macros and instructions on how to begin using TeXsis itm Sect use sect fonts Selecting sizes and fonts of type choosing single double or triple spacing and automatically handling quotation marks itm Sect use sect eqns Automatic numbering of equations automatic sizing of parentheses and brackets and special symbols for physics equations Environments 69 A paragraph begun by itm is not indented beyond the new left margin but paragraphs that follow are indented unless noindent is specified or if they also begin with itm You can change the symbol used to mark each item in the list to be anything you want by creating your own definition of Nitemmark For example if you want the symbol to be a square you would define itemmark to be def itemmark square before invoking itemize or at least before the first itm An example is the following important checklist Event timer started display SINED Antenna Aligned display SEELED Oscillation overthruster armed display DELIVERE
19. 110 111 running TRXsis 3 RunningHeadstrue 41 sans serif fonts 7 Schwinger Julian 22 23 scr 7 107 108 scriptstyle 110 section 4 15 25 35 36 38 40 41 109 sectionminspace 37 109 sectionskip 37 108 109 SectionStyle 38 SectionTitle 38 SetCmykColor 80 setcnt 62 63 SetColor 78 SetDoubleColumns 80 91 94 setdoublecolumns 111 setHeadline 41 setSectionID 62 110 ShowArticleTitlefalse 22 ShowArticleTitletrue 22 showchaptIDfalse 36 37 showchaptIDtrue 16 36 40 46 65 XshowsectIDfalse 36 37 40 showsectIDtrue 16 36 40 46 65 simge 16 simle 16 singlelinefalse 71 singlelinetrue 71 singlespaced 8 56 110 111 sixteenpoint 6 s1 6 slashchar 18 slides 78 110 111 small title bold face 7 smallfrac 16 smallskip 24 Smith Ralph 7 Boldface page numbers are the defining entries 124 space 57 span 52 special 44 47 48 81 spine 99 107 square 16 69 sterling 17 Subj 85 subjectline 86 submitted 33 subrightarrow 17 subsection 35 37 41 109 subsectionskip 37 108 109 SubsectionStyle 38 SubsectionTitle 38 subsubsection 35 37 sun 17 107 supereject 60 61 superrefsfalse 23 24 surd 69 symbols physics 16 tab 52 table 50 51 53 60 table of contents 39 Tablebody 108 tableinfofalse 56 tableinfotrue 56 TableItem 52 57 59 TablePreable 59 TablePreamble 59 tables at e
20. 2 Interline Spacing 2 3 Footnotes 2 4 Automatic Quote Balancing 3 Equations 3 1 Equation Numbering 3 2 Special Symbols 3 3 Automatic Parentheses Sizing 4 References and Citations 4 1 Entering References 4 2 Citations to Defined References 4 3 Listing the References 4 4 Citation Styles 4 5 Using DIBIEX aaahh a a 5 Labels and Tags 5 1 Tagging 5 2 Forward References 5 3 Hypertext 6 Typesetting Complete Papers 6 1 Types of Documents 6 2 The Title Page 6 3 Chapters and Sections 6 4 The Master File 6 5 Table of Contents 6 6 Running Headlines and Footlines 6 7 How to Make an Index 7 Figures and Tables 7 1 Figures 7 2 Encapsulated PostScript Graphics 111 O o oaoa A won E EH pa o oae e N NN NNNDN Q Ooa A A e e OD 0 Nyy oO Ae A A A A AeA 0 0 NA A wo o ow wnono aww e Table of Contents Ta Simple Tables ta a a A O E 51 id Ruled Tables ida Pi id a AA A ad 52 7 5 Lists of Figures and Tables cool a a 60 7 6 Listing Figure and Table Captions 4 61 7 7 Printing Figures and Tables at the End of a Document 62 7 8 Nonstandard Figure and Table Placement 62 8 Environments a a ahel a aA ue a a ale ee 64 8 1 Flush or Centered Text a a 0 00 2 ee en 64 8 2 Simple Examples and Quoted Text 65 8 3 Theorems and Pros 65 8 4 Listing Compute
21. 84 Knuth Donald 1 loosebox 99 LooseTables 56 label21 lparen 17 19 Mabel 28 37 ltsim 16 Lagrangian 7 LandscapeSpecial 81 101 102 103 macros TATRX 1 4 arguments 4 Boldface page numbers are the defining entries 122 names 4 syntax 4 mail merge see form letters MakeEnvelope 85 90 makeindex 42 Manuscript 32 76 110 markindextrue 42 master file 38 mb 18 memo 82 85 86 87 memos 85 customization 85 MeV 18 mib 6 7 113 midfigure 45 46 midinsert 44 45 93 midtable 50 51 MS DOS 102 MSref 87 mub 18 multiple columns see double columns multispan 52 n 37 40 67 85 nabla 16 nb 18 newcolumn 94 newpage 94 nextcolumn 59 NFootnote 9 37 NFootnotes 107 ninepoint 6 111 noalign 15 nocite 26 noexpand 40 41 noindent 36 NoJustifyTables 59 noncenteredtables 54 nopagenumbers 41 83 85 normhsize 81 normvsize 81 NorthHolland 74 110 111 NorthHollandTwo 74 75 92 96 110 nosechead 25 36 37 40 NoTrailingSpaces 57 59 np 78 nr 52 nuclproc 74 96 nunubar 16 obeylines 32 64 82 83 86 98 obeyspaces 98 offparens 17 19 20 omit 52 onparens 20 ORGANIZATION 34 85 101 103 output 91 overcirc 17 overfullrule 96 pacs 33 pagecheck 98 109 pageinsert 44 45 93 111 pageno 39 pagenumbers 41 paper 30 31 33 77 par 36 para 56 parasize 56 parenbar
22. Producing double column output Section 12 Miscellaneous macros for ignoring text and doing various other useful things and a checkpoint restart feature for printing very long documents Getting Started 3 Several appendices are also included to deal with more technical matters Appendix A explains how to install T Xsis on Unix computers on a VAX VMS system and on an IBM PC It also explains how to customize TgXsis for your own installation Appendix B lists changes that have been made to T Xsis in recent revisions Appendix C lists the fonts usually available with T Xsis Two examples of T Xsis documents are included in the standard distribution The first in the file Example tex is a short 3 pages example of a physics paper typeset with T Xsis The second is this manual itself which was also created with T Xsis If you would like to look at the files used to create the Manual the master file is called TXSdoc doc and the various sections of the document are in files with names of the form TXS1xxx11 doc For those who are comfortable programming in T X it is possible to extract specific macros from the TRXsis source code or to modify or even rewrite these macros The source code is contained in files with names of the form TXSxxxx tex We have tried wherever possible to include at least somewhat illuminating comments in the source code 1 2 Getting Started Assuming that TpXsis has been properly installed on your co
23. Sizes pt cmrl0 Roman 10 11 12 14 16 20 24 cmti10 Text italic 10 11 12 14 16 20 24 cmsl10 Slanted 10 11 12 14 16 20 24 cmbx10 Roman bold 10 11 12 14 16 20 24 cmmil0 Math italic 10 11 12 14 16 20 24 cmsy10 Math symbol 10 11 12 14 16 20 24 cmex10 Math extended 10 11 12 14 16 20 24 emtt10 Typewriter 10 11 12 cmmib10 Math italic bold 10 11 12 14 16 20 24 cmbsy10 Bold symbol 10 11 12 14 16 20 24 116 References Acknowledgments TrXsis began as a collection of macros used by E Myers to typeset his Ph D thesis These were in turn developed from a collection of macros for creating technical reports known as TechRpt We don t know for sure who wrote TechRpt but the manual we used was written by W Groppe so he may be the author of the macros as well The original BIBTEX support including texsis bst was written by Bernd Dammann We wish to thank Isabel Harrity for her patience in trying this code while it was originally being developed Various other people have also given us suggestions criticisms and comments regarding the code and documentation for TRXsis among them we would like to thank Vladimir Alexiev Betty Armstrong Akif Baysal Richard Brown Bernd Dammann Vickie Darnell Leo Eskin Mira Franke Ralf Gaertner Romano Giannetti Don Groom Donavan Hall Scott Hannahs Diab Jerius Arik Kapulkin Kate Logan Bob Love Michael Morrison T C Pierce Jeroen Rommers Norbert Roth Kurt Stump David Su rez
24. VMS systems you may or may not want to define TeXsisLib to be the TpXsis directory and TXSpatches to be the patch file in that directory If you have problems with missing fonts look at the documentation in the file TXSfonts tex 4 Create the format file texsis fmt by running initex On a Unix machine the command is initex amp plain texsis dump You must remember the to escape the amp On a VMS system replace the initex command with TEX INIT You must also tell T X where to find the input files for both T Xsis and Plain T X The commands are DEFINE USER TEXIN texsis plain TEX INIT NOFORMAT TEXINPUTS TEXIN amp plain texsis dump Customization and Installation of TRXsis 105 where texsis is the specification for the device directory and subdirectories of T Xsis and plain is the specifiation for the standard files like PLAIN TEX For an IBM PC with PCT X give the command TEX TEXSIS I and reply to the prompt with dump In some versions of PCT X the TEX command is replaced with TEX386 or TEX386b Check your manual to be sure T Xsis will also work with emtex or any other version of big TEX for the PC but you will have to check the documentation for that particular implementation of TEX for specific instructions for creating a preloaded format In any case initex will load the Plain TEX format and then the various pie
25. X For example it is possible to use just the double column macros of T Xsis by saying input TXSdcol tex and the ruled table macros can be used in plain T X by saying input TXSruled tex 6 Type Sizes Type Styles and Line Spacing 2 Type Sizes Type Styles and Line Spacing This section describes the TFXsis commands for changing font sizes typestyles and the spacing between lines It also describes how you can make footnotes and a special feature for balancing quotation marks 2 1 Type Sizes and Styles Plain TEX is set up to use 10 pt type with smaller sizes for superscripts and subscripts TrXsis expands the available type sizes to include 11 12 14 and 16 pt type and T Xsis makes it easy to change from one size of type to another Type sizes are selected with the following commands ninepoint Gives 9 pt type not illustrated tenpoint Gives 10 pt type like this elevenpoint Gives 11 pt type not illustrated twelvepoint Gives 12 pt type like this fourteenpoint Gives 14 pt type like this sixteenpoint Gives 16 pt type like this twentypoint Gives 20 pt type not illustrated twentyfourpoint Gives 24 pt type not illustrated In some implementations of T X there is insufficient room to load all of these fonts so fonts are loaded only when they are first used and not all of them can be illustrated here TrXsis starts out with tenpoint just like Plain TREX but switches to twelvepoint once you say
26. anything else However if you really want to type begin thing and end thing you can do so and T Xsis will understand it to mean thing and endthing Getting Started 5 e The fundamental purpose of TRXsis is to typeset printed words and equations on a physical piece of paper In other document mark up languages including SMGL HTML and IATRX the primary goal is to create in the computer an abstract representation of a document which is independent of the way the document is printed It can be useful to treat a document this way and so we sometimes use similar ideas in T Xsis but this approach can also conflict with the goal of typesetting the document the way an author or editor would choose Whenever there is such a conflict we will err on the side of typesetting rather than on the abstract representation of the document e The source code defining the macros should be available to the users so that those who want to see how something is done can do so and those who want to make their own modifications can do so The macro definitions should include sufficient comments that usually someone with only a little bit of experience with TRX can understand what is going on Also macros which perform similar functions and work together should be kept in a single file but separate parts of the whole package should be kept in separate files When possible these individual files should be usable on their own with plain T
27. but it is easily reversed Why are there two ways to ignore blocks of text comment was created first and some programmer types may prefer it because of the similarity it bears to comments in the C programming language Ignore is newer and probably a little more useful but comment will remain for those who want to use it 12 3 Checkpoint Restart The checkpoint restart feature allows long documents to be printed in pieces You can for example process and print the first chapter of a thesis or a book and then later do the same for following chapters Saying checkpoint NAME saves the settings of im portant counters like the current page number and the last equation number in a file called NAME chk Saying restart NAME reads in this file and resets the counters to their previous values As an example consider a document with two major chapters Using a Master File you would first process the first chapters with the following thesis input chap1 checkpoint chap1 bye With this printed you could resume at the next page number with the correct subsequent numbers for equations figures and tables by saying thesis restart chap1 input chap2 bye Normally checkpoint and restart are silent but you can say endstat to see the values of the counters saved by checkpoint The output looks like this Miscellaneous Macros 99 Last PAGE number IS 63 Last CHAPTER number IS O Last EQUATION number IS 47 Las
28. de Lis Anil Trivedi and Samir Varma Additional suggestions are welcome and will be incorporated in future versions of T Xsis when possible This work was supported in part by the United States Department of Energy under contracts DE AC02 76CH00016 and DE AC02 89ER40509 and in part by the National Science Foundation under grant number PHY8919177 References 1 D E Knuth The TgXbook Addison Wesley 1986 2 L Lamport IATFX A Document Preparation System Addison Wesley 1985 3 M Doob A Gentle Introduction to TEX A Manual for Self Study TeX User s Group Providence Also available as a plain TFX file from CTAN or at ftp ftp texsis org pub tex gentle tex 4 M Spivak PCT X User s Guide Documentation distributed with PCTEX 5 R P Feynman Phys Rev 76 749 1949 6 W Pauli and F Villars Rev Mod Phys 21 434 1949 J Schwinger Phys Rev 74 1439 1948 7 J Bardeen L N Cooper and J R Schrieffer Phys Rev 108 1175 1957 8 E D Bloom et al Phys Rev Letters 23 930 1969 9 Pehong Chen and Michael A Harrison Index Preparation and Processing in Soft ware Practice and Experience 19 897 915 1988 10 Tomas Rokicki dvips User s Manual The source code for dvips is available from CTAN in the directory dviware dvips 11 Dimm Bill FeynDiagram Tutorial available at ftp ftp hepth cornell edu 12 D E Knuth The T Xbook Addison Wesley 1986 page 245 13 Ray
29. figure or table for one section in a different section if necessary and still get the correct number Section 9 The NorthHolland format now gives the more common single column North Holland Elsevier format NorthHollandTwo produces the previous double column oversized format Manuscript produces a preprint with true double spacing as requested by The Physical Review Section 9 endtitle endauthor etc can now be omitted from the titlepage material since title author etc now close the previous mode automatically Section 10 Letters and memos can now be ended with bye Revisions 113 B 6 Revisions for Version 2 13 Section 2 Italic fonts are now available in large sizes e g for slides Math italic bold fonts have been added for titles Section 3 By default parentheses and brackets are now ordinary characters except in math mode and so can be used e g in file names As a result automatic sizing of parentheses works only in displayed equations You can restore the old behavior by saying onparens at the beginning of the document Section 4 The text for references is now written with unexpandedwrite In practice this means that references can contain almost anything including a Ref Section 4 The journal macro was added to make it easier to create standard citations to journal articles and to be able to switch between the American and European styles Section 4 Superscript references are now in citestyl
30. from plain TFX in several subtle but important ways so that documents created using plain TREX cannot be used with IATRX In contrast TpXsis is functionally a superset of plain TeX so that everything described in The TRXbook will also work in TpXsis even though the internal workings of some of the plain TeX macros have actually been modified This means that T Xsis documents can also make use of just about any of the many smaller macro packages designed for use with plain TEX or an author can make use of the methods and tricks described in The TRXbook Unfortunately it also means that REVTEX and TRXsis are mutually incompatible This manual explains how to use TpXsis Since it is a user s guide it makes no attempt to describe how the various macros work for that one should consult the source code which is extensively commented However we do assume that the reader is already familiar with plain TFX If you don t already know plain TFX a good way to learn is to read and work through the exercises in A Gentle Introduction to TRX by Michael Doob The source file for this called gentle tex is available on the T Xsis ftp server or on CTAN You Introduction can also start by reading the The T Xbook paying special attention to chapters 1 10 and 16 19 The manual by Spivak which accompanies PCTFX which is an implementation of TeX for the IBM PC is also recommended 1 1 Overview of this Manual The main topics covered in the sev
31. idx extension for the raw file and makeindex will assume it To print the index you can either include it in another pass of the full document by saying input jobname ind in the manuscript file or you can print it separately by adding input index to the begining of the myfile ind file and running it through T X or TRXsis If you set markindextrue then indexed words selected with idx will appear in the printed output inside a ruled box like so Frisbee The box does not interfere with or change the word or line spacing These proof marks are useful for draft copies when you are putting together the index but obviously you do not want them to appear in the final copy so the default is markindexfalse The index tex macros are distributed with T Xsis but makeindex is not If you do not have the makeindex program you can get the C source code for it from the TRXsis anonymous ftp site ftp texsis org It is a well known program and is also available 44 Typesetting Complete Papers How to Make an Index from CTAN in the directory indexing makeindex Note that the index tex macros work with plain TEX as well as T Xsis and they work with makeindex in its default mode even though that default mode was originally intended for IATFX code For more information about how to make full use of makeindex see the file index tex the Unix man page for makeindex 1 and the original paper by Chen and Harrison
32. in the right margin to help you find the problem 5 3 Hypertext Documentation for Hypertext linking will go here Typesetting Complete Papers 31 6 Typesetting Complete Papers The commands described so far are useful for creating the body of a simple physics paper but they are not enough to typeset a complete paper A physics paper generally has a title one or more authors and their addresses or professional affiliations and perhaps an abstract Longer documents may be divided into sections or even chapters and there might even be a table of contents or an index This section describes the commands for creating the basic structural elements of a complete paper the title material and divisions into chapters sections and subsections It also includes a discussion of more advanced topics such as how to create a table of contents or an index and how to control the running headlines at the top of the page Later Section 9 discusses more specialized document layouts for conference proceedings or for papers submitted to specific journals while Sect ion 10 describes the commands for producing letters memos referee reports and similar specialized documents It is often convenient to be able to typeset the same document in more than one format Therefore all complete papers in TFXsis use the same general structure and one can select the particular document format to be used by changing only one or two commands at the beginning of the
33. it for you You also need to have the reference style file for T Xsis This file called texsis bst tells BIBTEX how to write out references in the proper T Xsis format This file now comes with the standard TE Xsis distribution but if you don t have it you can easily get it from the T Xsis ftp site or from CTAN in the directory texsis bibtex Once BIBTEX and texsis bst are installed it is fairly easy to use them First you have to add to your manuscript files a couple of instructions that tell BIBTEX which bibliography database files to use and how to format the references To specify the database files use ReferenceFiles as in ReferenceFiles unix internet mylist In this case BIBTEX will search for the references in the files unix bib internet bib and mylist bib Examples of these files are also included in the texsis bibtex directory on the ftp servers Next you tell BIBTFX to use a style for creating references in a form that TpXsis can understand with ReferenceStyle texsis References and Citations 27 This tells BIBTEX to use the texsis bst style file but you must leave off the bst exten sion Once you have invoked ReferenceFiles and ReferenceStyle you can cite your references using cite as usual The label you use for cite should be the citation key used in the bibliography database You can also use nocite to create a citation entry without putting a citation mark supersc
34. little bit later Something to note about this example table is that the outer rules are thicker than the others You can also get a thick vertical rule between columns by using Al in place of and you can get a thick horizontal rule below a row by replacing the cr with crthick The widths of thick and thin rules are controlled by the dimensions thicksize and thinsize If you don t want thick rules at all simply say thicksize thinsize which makes the thick rules as thin as the thin rules Some synonyms CR is the same as crthick nr is the same as crnorule and crrule is the same as cr actually it s the other way around tab is the same as amp it separates columns without a vertical rule vb is the same as it separates columns with a thin vertical bar while Vb is the same as and separates the columns with a thick vertical bar You can also use db1 to separate columns with a double vertical rule As in Plain TeX you can use span in place of amp or the other column separators to join two columns together into one and you can use omit as the very first token in a column to tell it to omit the fancy column layout the centering or other spacing You can also use multispan to span and omit several columns just as in an halign The only difference is that the number of columns you tell it to multispan is the number of columns of the table it spans in a ruled table constructed with halign you w
35. manuscript file The commands to typeset the title page and to break the paper up into sections are still the same even if they behave slightly differently according to the particular format selected For example if you give the paper command then the title page material will appear at the top of the first page and the text of the paper will also begin on that page If you simply change paper to preprint the title page material will appear on a page by itself with a banner defined by banner across the top of the page and the text will begin on the next page Using any of the other document formats described in Section 9 will cause the title page material to be formatted slightly differently At this point an example may be more instructive than more discussion Here is how a famous paper would have begun had it been typeset with TpXsis texsis preprint pubdate July 8 1957 pubcode hep cats yymmnnn titlepage title Theory of Superconductivity endtitle author J Bardeen Department of Physics University of Illinois Urbana Illinois 61801 endauthor and author L N Cooper Department of Physics and Astronomy The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 endauthor 32 Typesetting Complete Papers and author J R Schrieffer Department of Theoretical Physics University of Birmingham Birmingham England B15 2TT endauthor abstract A theory of superconductivity is presented based on
36. number produced by PageNumber will now always appear in rm type Revisions 109 Section 9 4 The ListColors macro was added An example is now given in the manual showing how to automatically have every displayed equation printed in color using PushColor and aftergroup PopColor Section 10 5 The file TXSform tex has been renamed Formletr txs making this less used feature a style file rather than a part of the core TRXsis macros Section 11 The bottom insertions code has been moved to the file TXSdcol tex so that it can be used with Plain TEX by inputing that file by itself B 2 Revisions for Version 2 17 Most of the changes are internal and won t be noticed by most users But there are also a few major useful additions such as BIBTEX support Section 2 One can now use scr in subscripts and superscripts Section 3 2 Added symbols sun and earth for astronomical symbols and O Section 4 Added support for BIBTEX Reference counters and files are reset so that you can go on to collect more references as for separate chapters in a book Many internal improvements to the referencing macros Section 5 The format of the aux file has changed and now matches more closely the format used by IAT X This allows it to be used with packages like BiBTpX If you have problems with an old aux file just delete it A new one will be created when you process the document again Section 6 3 First paragraph of a chapter sec
37. or you can give the equations labels that are numbers This is the best thing to do if the equations in the original manuscript already have numbers but if you do this then you should be sure to remember that the internal label and the number which is printed the external number are not necessarily the same If the equation labeled 15 is the fifteenth equation in the document then it will also be equation number 15 but if you move the equation around in the file so that it is the sixth equation in the document it will be printed as equation 6 even though it has the label 15 If you have a heavily edited document and the arrangement of the numbers and labels gets confusing there is a useful aid to help straighten things out If you say eqnotracetrue then the equation numbers will be printed as usual but with the label appearing next to it in the right margin in square brackets For example the equation i gamma mu partial_ mu m psi x 0 EQN Dirac when printed with eqnotracetrue would appear as iy O m yp x 0 3 5 Since the label appears in the margin the spacing of your document remains exactly the same Obviously you would not print the final copy of the document this way but it can be very useful for editing You can turn off this equation tracing feature anytime by saying eqnotracefalse If you say draft at the beginning of your document then the equation tracing will be turned on auto
38. out TRXsis 4 Getting Started 1 3 Some Philosophy In designing the TfXsis macros we have tried to follow some basic guidelines which we feel make TFXsis a more useful tool It may help you while learning about T Xsis to know what these guidelines are especially if you are already familiar with other T X macro packages However you can skip this section without missing anything important to a first time user The guidelines we have followed are e TFXsis is a superset of plain TeX so that anything you can t do in TpXsis and even those that you can can be done with plain T X instead This also means that T Xsis is compatible with most plain TEX macro packages such as epsf tex and index tex or other specialized macro sets Even if some of the plain macros are actually redefined in T Xsis they are required to still behave as described in The T Xbook e When a T Xsis macro is similar to a plain TRX macro it should when possible have a similar name and syntax Thus Footnote in TpXsis is used exactly like footnote in plain T X and in ruled tables amp and cr can be used exactly as they are in an halign e Macro names will be short and simple but descriptive Almost all plain T X macro names are in lower case for ease of typing so macros with names containing uppercase letters can immediately be recognized as being a part of T Xsis instead of plain TEX As a general rule though we try to
39. section of the paper called MUONS above You don t need to process the references the title page or the second section of the paper Recall that the percent sign is the comment character in TEX anything appearing on a line after a is ignored by TEX Thus we simply edit the master file and put a in front of certain lines like this initialize TeXsis optional draft mode special macros for this paper references for the paper title page for the paper first section of manuscript section section of manuscript print the references texsis draft input MyMacros input MUONSr input MUONSO input MUONS1 input MUONS2 ListReferences end SS Now when you run T Xsis on this file only the first section of the paper will be processed but it will use the macros defined in MyMacros tex as well as any other definitions that you might add to the master file Once the first section is error free you can repeat the process on the second section of the paper without rerunning the first section After both sections are correct you can reinstate all lines in the master file and process the whole document 6 5 Table of Contents The section making macros just described automatically make an entry in a table of con tents for the document being prepared The title of the chapter or section and the page number are stored in a table of contents file which ends with the extension toc until needed then the table of c
40. setcnt counter value Figures and Tables 63 where value is the temporary value to assign to the counter counter This should be done inside of a group and when the group ends the counter will go back to its previous global value You should only use setcnt once within a given group An example will make this procedure clear Suppose that Figure 1 17 is a part of Section 1 but we wanted to show it much later in this Manual such as right about now It can be created in this section by saying begingroup changes are temporary setSectionID 1 changes the section ID setcnt fignum 16 figure counter is 1 less than we want midfigure intro 17 centerline epsfysize 4cm epsfbox penguin eps caption A bizarrely placed figure for Section use sect intro infiglist A bizarrely placed figure for Section use sect intro endfigure endgroup everything goes back the way it was AI u s d al A Figure 1 17 A bizarrely placed figure for Section 1 In this case the figure number in the counter fignum is set to one less than the value we want so that it comes out correctly when bottomfigure increments the count You can use setcnt to modify any of T Xsis s global counters The complete list is given in Section 5 where the use of Muse is also described By the way you should never move a figure out of a Chapter unless you move it to the end of the document and the appropriate way to do that is wit
41. should be aware of the following in both the PhysRev and PhysRevLett styles double column mode is begun automatically at the end of the title material endtitlepage Since any double column material is inside a group any definitions made at that point will only be defined inside that group If you want to define macros for use in the rest of your paper you should do so before the title material or use gdef 9 1 2 Thesis or Dissertation Format The style file thesis txs contains two alternative definitions of thesis one for Yale University called YaleThesis and the other for the University of Texas at Austin called UTthesis The default is that saying thesis gives you YaleThesis but this is easily changed by saying let thesis UTthesis If you are not at Yale or UT you will need to change the macros in thesis txs to create your own version of the thesis macro Every university has different requirements for how a thesis is typed or typeset and these requirements often conflict Perhaps the first thing you should do if you want to write a thesis using TFXsis is find out if someone else at your university has already done so and then copy their definition of thesis If you end up creating a new style file for your university then we hope that you will make Style Files and Specialized Formats 77 it available for other students to use We would also be willing to help by putting such style files on the T Xsis anonymous ft
42. some other color use colorit as in colorit Red The text inside these brackets is colored Red You can change the color of the background using background as in background Yellow However until recently one of the authors of T Xsis preferred to make neatly lettered transparencies by hand using colored pens rather than using a printer that could only print in black and white He s changed his mind now that it is possible to produce text in color Style Files and Specialized Formats 79 The 12 basic colors available are Black White Gray Red Green Blue Cyan Magenta Yellow Purple Orange Brown Note that the case is important the names must begin with an initial capital letter For the basic colors listed above some shortcuts are also defined Specifically you can simply use the color name as a command with the text to be colored as a single argument as in Red This text is colored Red or you can say text Color to change the text color as in textGreen You can add shortcuts for other colors besides the basics with the addColor command Saying addColor Salmon will define Salmon and textSalmon as shortcuts for colorit Salmon text and setColor Salmon Although the basic colors listed above should be enough for most simple applications there are actually a whole host of other colors available In fact all of the colors found in a box of 64 Crayola Crayons are defined in color pro for dvips
43. texsis In Plain TREX you can switch between Roman Bold or Italic typestyles with the commands rm bf and Nit The same is true with T Xsis These commands change the style of the type but not the size The complete set of commands to change typestyles is rm Gives Roman type Available in all sizes Nit Gives italic type for emphasis Available in all sizes sl Gives slanted type for book titles etc Available in all sizes bf Gives bold face type for emphasis Available in all sizes tt Gives typewriter type for listing computer programs TEX examples etc Available in 10 11 and 12 pt mib Gives math italic bold in math mode for titles Available in 10 11 12 14 16 20 and 24 pt base sizes but the minimum size for subscripts and superscripts is 10 pt Type Sizes Type Styles and Line Spacing 7 scr Gives script capital letters using Ralph Smith s Formal Script fonts the rsfs fonts if they are available on your computer Use scr as you would use cal TEXsis includes the mathematics fonts in all sizes these are used automatically when you type equations between the math quotes Limited sans serif fonts are also available using the commands tenss and twelvess Two special symbols Tbf and tbf are used to produce Title bold face and small title bold face The first is used to print the title of a paper and titles of the chapters of a paper and the second is used to print th
44. that it has a powerful macro capability to the point that T X can actually be considered to be a computer language As a result there now exist a number of macro packages or formats which either extend or replace the basic TRX language of The TpXbook which is commonly known as plain TEX by adding more advanced features or commands appropriate to more specialized types of documents TRXsis is one such macro package designed specifically but not exclusively for physicists TpXsis provides the author with many useful commands with are either not available or not easily implemented by the casual user of plain TFX Among these are the ability to automatically number equations references figures and tables and to refer to these numbered objects easily by symbolic names which are independent of the values assigned to them when the document is processed T Xsis makes it easy to change the type style or size and to control other aspects of the formatting TRXsis also includes special macros for printing in double columns and for constructing ruled tables It is easy with TRXsis to produce more specialized documents such as letters referee reports and memoranda or even a thesis or a book Many physicists are now familiar at least by name with another TpX based format the REVTEX package from the American Physical Society REVTEX is in turn based on a more general format known as IATRX Unfortunately IAT X differs
45. the fact that endabstract toappear Physical Review endtitlepage section Introduction The main facts which a theory of superconductivity must explain are A more complete example paper is given in the file Example tex which is included in the standard distribution of T Xsis In the rest of this section each of the elements in these examples and several others related to the overall structure of a complete paper will be explained 6 1 Types of Documents A complete TFXsis paper should start with the texsis macro described in Section 1 2 While this is not required if you also use one of the macros listed below it does serve to indicate unambiguously that the document is to be typeset with T Xsis The texsis macro can be followed by a command to specify whether the document should be typeset as a simple paper or conference proceeding a preprint a book etc This macro will provide sensible defaults for the layout although additional commands can be given to override them The following basic document types are included in TRXsis paper Produces a paper with the title and abstract at the top of the first page such as for submission to a conference proceeding The text begins on the first page below the title and abstract preprint Produces a paper in a preprint format with the title material by itself on the first page A banner is put across the top of the title page and the text begins on the page following
46. the index entries sorting them and removing duplicate references and then producing the final index The first and last steps are accomplished with a set of plain TX macros known as index tex while the sorting and collating of the index entries is done by a separate computer program called makeindex This is how we made the index for this Manual which starts on page 118 To create an entry in the index you can say index key where key is the key word to be entered into the index or more simply you can say idx word which both includes the word in the text and makes an index entry for it saying idx Frisbee is the same as saying Frisbee index Frisbee Either of these indexing commands writes the index entry to a file with the name extension idx Once your document has been processed by T X this file will contain all of the raw index entries The entries in the raw index file are not sorted and there may be many duplications The makeindex program will sort the index entries and reformat them in a form appropriate for printing the index The output from the makeindex program is a file with the extension ind So if your manuscript file is called myfile tex and you have run it through TpXsis you should find a file called myfile idx containing the raw index entries You would run the makeindex program like so makeindex myfile idx to produce the processed index file myfile ind You can leave off the
47. this will produce several warning messages coming from undefined tags for forward references These will be defined later in the document and saved in the file Manual aux Running TpXsis a second time should produce the T Xsis manual with no errors 108 Revisions B Revisions This appendix lists the major changes in T Xsis as new versions have come out It is organized by sections of the manual and is intended as a guide for users familiar with the previous version There are many smaller changes in addition to those listed here B 1 Revisions for Version 2 18 The most noticable change is that as of version 2 18 the distribution of T Xsis is covered by the IAT X Project Public License LPPL TXsis has been an open source software project since it was started in 1988 but we finally found that we had to be more explicit about the licensing to give proper assurances that it could indeed be distributed freely After considering several options we found that the the LPPL suited the needs and the spirit of T Xsis most closely Please note that the LPPL only applies to the TpXsis source code and code derived from it but it does not apply to TpXsis style files or other files which were written independently without using TRXsis source code We hope that the authors of style files will choose to follow our lead and license their works under the LPPL but they are free to choose whatever license they deem appropriate Two patch
48. used as the name of the addressee in a running headline for pages after the first Begins the body of the letter The line immediately below this should be the opening salutation e g Dear Ann Landers Begins the closing material in obeylines format The first line fol lowing is the closing salutation e g Sincerely Yours and the second is the sender s name When the letter is printed room is left for a sig nature Optional additional lines can be added after the name for the sender s title or similar information annotations cc Optional annotations follow in obeylines format Carbon copy A cc and the names following are printed properly aligned Letters Memos and Referee Reports 83 Encl Enclosure This is like cc but Encl is printed for a list of enclo sures ps Optional postscript follows This is not in obeylines format endletter Ends the letter You can say bye instead The letter document format automatically sets up a running headline for all pages af ter the first containing the addressee s name taken from the first line following address the date and the page number If you wish you can turn off these running headlines by saying nopagenumbers If you want to change the name of the addressee you can simply redefine the macro called addressee anytime after address has been used using gdef so that the re definition exists outside of the group used t
49. what shows up in the list of figures and these do not have to be the same Figures and Tables 61 To produce the list of figures at the end of the document you say ListFigures and similarly to produce the list of tables say ListTables Even if the list is to appear at the front of the document along with the table of contents you should print it at the end and move the list to the front afterwards This is because until the document is actually processed TFX does not know on which page the figure or table appears One word of caution figures and tables are produced by putting them in floating inserts which T X saves up and prints when there is room The entry into the list of figures or tables is not made until the item actually makes its way into the output DVI file If you ask for the list of figures or tables before one of these items is output it will not be in the list and in fact that entry for the figure or table list will later end up spewing out on your terminal To be sure that all floating insertions have been output you should say supereject before you print the list of figures or tables 7 6 Listing Figure and Table Captions When a manuscript is submitted to some journals like the Physical Review one is supposed to include a separate list of the captions of all figures and tables This is similar to the lists created by ListFigures and ListTables but the page numbers are not supposed to be included It is very e
50. with the same reference number simply begin the next reference immediately after the previous endreference and begin the labels of all but the first reference with an asterisk as in the following example The vacuum polarization term can be regularized by introducing a cut off at high frequencies reference Pauli and Villars 1949 W Pauli and F Villars journal Rev Mod Phys 21 434 1949 References and Citations 23 endreference reference Schwinger 1948 J Schwinger journal Phys Rev 74 1439 1948 endreference This produces the single citation The vacuum polarization term can be regularized by introducing a cut off at high frequencies The at the beginning of the second label tells TRXsis not to assign a new reference number to this reference but instead just to add it to the text of the previous one Of course you could type the text of both references between one reference and endreference An advantage to following the example above is that the second reference can be given a reference number of its own simply by deleting the at the beginning of the label Similarly two references with different reference numbers can be lumped together into one citation by inserting a in front of the label of the second reference Another advantage to keeping the references separate is that it is easy to move references around either within a document that is being revised or between documen
51. 16 parentheses sizes 19 parskip 9 71 72 109 partial 16 Pauli W 23 pb 18 PCTE X 105 penguin 44 45 49 phantom 0 52 philosophy 4 Physical Review 91 PhysRev 75 76 92 108 109 PhysRevLett 76 108 PhysRevManuscript 75 76 108 plain 1 plain Tex 1 plaincr 59 plaintab 59 PopColor 79 80 PostScript 47 48 ppbar 16 preprint 30 31 34 76 81 101 preprint archives 34 Boldface page numbers are the defining entries PrintFigures 61 110 printfont 113 PrintTables 61 proof 65 ps 83 86 pubcode 34 pubdate 34 PushCmykColor 80 PushColor 79 quad 56 57 quote balancing 10 quoteoff 10 quoteon 10 raggedcenter 64 65 rbrack 19 real 18 recursion see recursion Ref 24 110 referee 82 87 111 referee reports 87 reference 21 22 23 24 26 108 109 ReferenceFiles 25 26 referencelist 23 24 26 references 21 citation marks 23 entering a list 23 printing the list 24 ReferenceStyle 26 refFormat 24 refindent 24 refrange 109 refskip 24 relax 24 92 93 restart 97 restart 97 restore see restart ReturnAddress 90 right 19 20 Rightcases 17 rightcolrule 93 95 109 RightJustifyTables 59 rm 6 8 Rokicki Tomas 47 78 81 rparen 17 19 rsfs font 7 123 ruled tables 51 centered 54 customization 59 footnotes 55 size 55 56 spacing 56 text 56 ruledtable 51 53 55 56 59
52. 2 except for setting the tablewidth Important note tablewidth is turned off after the table is made so the next table will have its natural width unless you explicitly set tablewidth again Figures and Tables 97 ruledtable normally inserts a quad of space around each item If you have a very wide table especially one with many columns you may wish to reduce this TightTables make this spacing a single space the minimum acceptable LooseTables restores the default spacing You can define this space to be something else by re defining tablespace for example as def tablespace If the table is still too wide with TightTables you will probably have to reformat it or print it in landscape mode tilted 90 on the page The careful reader may also have noticed that in the examples in Table 7 2 and Table 7 3 we said singlespaced That s because the spacing of the rows of a table can be controlled just like the spacing of the text with singlespaced doublespaced etc The space between the rows of a table is set by a strut called tstrut which holds the rows apart Its default definition is def tstrut vrule height 3 1ex depth 1 2ex width Opt You can change the spacing between rows by changing the definition of this strut One of the things singlespaced does is define the tstrut to be 0 5ex higher and deeper than a parenthesis doublespaced triplespaced and widenspacing all increase the height and depth o
53. 3 or 5 In early times bismuth was confused with tin and lead Claude Geoffroy the Younger showed it to be distinct from lead in 1753 It is a white crystalline brittle metal with a pinkish tinge It occurs native The most important ores are bismuthinite or bismuth glance Bi2S3 and bismite BigO3 Peru Japan Mexico Bolivia and Canada are major bismuth produc ers Much of the bismuth produced in the U S is obtained as a by product in refining lead cop per tin silver and gold ores Bismuth is the most diamagnetic of all metals and the thermal conduc tivity is lower than any metal except mercury It has a high electrical resistance and has the high est Hall effect of any metal i e greatest increase in electrical resistance when placed in a magnetic field Bismanol is a permanent magnet of high coercive force made of MnBi by the U S Naval Ordnance Laboratory Bismuth expands 3 32 on solidification This property makes bismuth alloys particularly suited to the making of sharp castings of objects subject to damage by high tempera tures With other metals such as tin cadmium etc bismuth forms low melting alloys which are extensively used for safety devices used in fire de tection and extinguishing systems Bismuth is used in producing malleable irons and is finding use as a catalyst for making acrylic fibers When bismuth is heated in air it burns with a blue flame forming yellow fumes of the oxide The met
54. 7 28 41 63 66 V 89 111 Vacuum Expectation Value 16 Vb 52 vb 52 vbig 20 vbigl 17 vbigr 17 125 vbox 50 vev 16 vfill 45 50 Vfootnote 9 vfootnote 9 34 Villars F 23 virtex 104 vol 21 vsize 81 91 94 vskip 15 46 98 Weinberg Steven 65 widebottominsert 94 widefigure 46 94 widefullfigure 46 94 widefulltable 51 94 widenspacing 8 56 widepageinsert 94 111 widetable 94 widetopfigure 46 94 widetopinsert 94 111 widetoptable 51 withEnvelope 82 84 85 WorldScientific 75 111 Boldface page numbers are the defining entries 126 This page was unintentionally left blank
55. AIPproceedings Similar to paper but specialized to the American Institute of Physics AIP format AIP txs IEEEproceedings An JEEE format using oversized double column paper See Section 11 IEEE txs IEEEreduced An IEEE format reduced to 75 of full size and printed with 9 pt type for 85 in x 11in paper EEE txs NorthHolland Format for producing camera ready copy for proceedings published by North Holland Elsevier This is a single col umn format with titles and authors left justified and in eleven point type Elsevier txs NorthHollandTwo The North Holland double column format for oversized pa per Elsevier txs nuclproc The NUCLPROC style for Nuclear Physics Proceedings nuclproc txs Style Files and Specialized Formats 75 WorldScientific Similar to paper but specialized to the World Scientific proceedings format WorldSci txs PhysRev Emulates the page layout and appearance of the Physical Review PhysRev txs PhysRevManuscript Similar to Manuscript but customized for papers submitted to the Physical Review PhysRev txs thesis Similar to book but for printing a thesis The default thesis format conforms to the requirements of the Yale Graduate School but it can and probably should be mod ified for your own installation thesis txs Other even more specialized styles are available and some of them can be found on the TE Xsis anonymous ftp server in the directory pub texsis styles
56. D This was produced by saying itemize def itemmark square itm Event timer started display SINED itm Antenna Aligned display SEELED itm Oscillation overthruster armed display DELIVERED enditemize itemize starts a new group which is ended by the enditemize so in this example itemmark reverts back to its previous definition when the list is finished You can get a check mark symbol instead of a square by replacing square with surd or you can use any other symbol that suits you Note though that in this example the square is enclosed in math quotes you will have to remember this for any symbol which is defined in math mode 8 5 2 Enumerated lists enumerate produces numbered paragraphs either with a single level or nested several levels deep like so tenpoint parskip 0pt this just makes our examples smaller enumerate itm Paragraph 1 enumerate itm sub paragraph la enumerate itm sub sub paragraph la i itm sub sub paragraph la ii endenumerate itm sub paragraph 1b itm and so on endenumerate 70 Environments itm Paragraph 2 itm and so on endenumerate This produces the enumerated list 1 Paragraph 1 1 1 sub paragraph la 1 1 1 sub sub paragraph la i 1 1 2 sub sub paragraph la ii 1 2 sub paragraph 1b 1 3 and so on 2 Paragraph 2 3 and so on The default form for the paragraph numbering is ca
57. Department of Physics and Laboratory for Nuclear Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 institution c Xerox Corporation Rochester NY endauthors This produces E D Bloom M Breidenback D H Coward H DeStaebler J Drees J I Friedman G C Hartmann H W Kendall G Miller L W Mo R E Taylor a Stanford Linear Accelerator Center Stanford CA 94305 gt Department of Physics and Laboratory for Nuclear Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 Xerox Corporation Rochester NY Note that institution must come before the endauthors 6 3 Chapters and Sections The following commands can be used to create and automatically number the divisions of a document including chapters sections and appendices chapter title Begins a chapter with title printed in Tbf type on a new page section title Begins a section with the title printed in tbf type This does not begin on a new page although you certainly can start a section on a new page by saying vfill supereject first subsection title Begins a subsection with the title printed in bf type subsubsection title Begins a sub subsection entitled title This is a lower level than even a subsection and should only be used when truly appropriate Appendix label H title Begins a chapter like appendix labeled by the letter label gen erally A B C
58. F Cowan Making Tables with Macros unpublished 14 J D Bozek Ph D thesis unpublished Department of Chemistry University of Western Ontario London Ontario CANADA 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 References 117 S Weinberg Gravitation and Cosmology Principles and Applications of the General Theory of Relativity Wiley New York 1972 pg 3 Brian W Kernighan and Dennis M Ritchie The C Programming Language Prentice Hall Englewood Clifs NJ 1978 The Adventures of Buckaroo Banzai across the Eighth Dimension Twentieth Cen tury Fox 1984 Hafner Jim the COLORDVI TEX macros are included in the dvips distribution See Ref 10 Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 56th Edition CRC Press Cleveland Ohio 1974 pg B 9 E Myers TpXsis Version 1 00 unpublished E Myers Calculation of the Gravitational Casimir Energy and Gauge Field Couplings in Non Abelian Kaluza Klein Theories Ph D thesis unpublished Yale University 1984 W Groppe TechRpt unpublished 118 Index 51 52 d citations 23 52 abstract 33 110 addColor 79 address 82 83 addressee 83 addTOC 40 110 afterchapter 37 aftergroup 79 80 aftersection 37 aftersubsection 37 38 41 aftersubsubsection 37 AIPproceedings 74 alignment character 51 alignment tabs 50 and 33 annotations 82 86 Appendix 35 36 appendix 36 ArticleTitle 22 ATlock 78 ato
59. T Xsis is built on plain TRX you can of course use the full power of T X to format a document as you please However TrXsis contains macros to produce documents in several of the common formats used in the physics community These and other specialized formats are described in this section It would be very inefficient for TRXsis to load the definitions of all of the possible docu ment styles listed below when at most only one of them will be used TRXsis therefore puts these specialized definitions in files known as style files which generally have filename extensions of txs and only loads the particular style file when it is needed Besides saving space this also allows for quite a bit of flexibility because it is easy to modify style files or to create new ones For example if the proceedings of a conference must be typeset in a particular way as is often the case then the commands to set up a document in exactly the right way can be put in a style file and e mailed to all conference participants Another use of specialized style files is to define a thesis format which conforms to the rules and regulations of a particular university 9 1 Specialized Document Styles The following styles for various conference proceeding formats journals and thesis formats are distributed with TpXsis 2 18 Use these in place of paper or preprint The name of the style file from which the definitions are loaded is shown in brackets
60. TFX is not a convenient language for graphical page layout it is sometimes useful to be able to convert a paper to transparencies or visa versa If you want to use slides simply begin your manuscript file with slides instead of or in addition to texsis This will produce pages with 1in margins in the portrait orientation with 24 pt type with a ragged right margin and lots of incentive to suppress hyphenation slides also defines b1 to insert a blank line and np to create a new page since these are often useful for slides Since the slides format is very simple it is not loaded from a style file 9 4 Color PostScript Output Now that color printers are fairly common it is useful to have some way to produce text that is printed in different colors The simplest use of this is for producing overhead transparencies as with the slides format T Xsis has a simple set of macros in the style file color txs which lets you change the colors of text printed using PostScript This only works for PostScript output produced by Tom Rokicki s dvips program using the profile file color pro that is usually included with dvips To use these macros you must first input the definitions input color txs To change the color of all text which follows use the command SetColor as in SetColor Green Keep in mind that this will change all text including page numbers and headlines and footlines To print a small portion of text in
61. Tables 49 Once the document has been processed by TpXsis and the DVI file has been produced you will convert it to a PS file with the dvips program If your DVI file is called myfile dvi then the command is simply dvips myfile This will convert myfile dvi to PostScript and depending on how dvips is set up at your installation it will either put the output in the file myfile ps or it will send it directly to the default printer see the man pages for dvips on how to change this behavior or try a short example to see how it is set up on your computer Note that the EPS files to be included must be in the same directory as myfile dvi when you run dvips so that they can be merged into the final output file or you can specify the full path filename in the epsfbox command On Unix systems you may not be able to use the lpr d command if you have included EPS files in the document This command runs the DVI file through dvips or some other DVI to PS filter in a different directory and the EPS files will therefore not be included unless you have used a full path name for the file If you use the latest version of the xdvi program to preview DVI files on your work station you will find that it automatically includes EPS graphics in the display but some other previewing programs such as texsun or older versions of xdvi will not Even if the previewer does not know how to deal with the special commands in the DVI file you will see th
62. TpXsis 2 18 21 April 2001 TEXsis TeX Macros for Physicists Eric Myers Department of Physics University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan Frank E Paige Physics Department Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton New York 21 April 2001 TpXsis 2 18 TEXsis TeX Macros for Physicists Eric Myers Department of Physics University of Michgian Ann Arbor Michigan 48109 1120 USA and Frank E Paige Physics Department Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton New York 11973 USA TrXsis is a collection of TEX macros for typesetting many kinds of physics documents including research papers preprints and e prints conference proceedings theses books referee reports letters and mem oranda T Xsis macros provide automatic numbering of equations auto matic numbering and formatting of references double column formatting macros for making tables and figures with or without captions and in cluding tables with horizontal and vertical rules T Xsis supports a wide variety of type sizes and a number of specialized document formats and it even includes macros for making form letters for job applications or letters of recommendation This document describes version 2 18 of TRXsis and also serves as an example of its use il T Xsis TeX Macros for Physicists For the latest information about T Xsis consult the TEXsis home page at http www texsis org Source code and documentation for T Xsis are
63. We suggest sect for sections chapt for chapters and so forth but you are free to use whatever you want 5 2 Forward References If you label an equation or a figure or a section you can refer to the number of that object later in the text but what if you want to refer to the thing before it has been tagged Then the label won t exist yet This is called making a forward reference To allow for this TEXsis also writes the definition of every label to an auxiliary file which has a name ending in aux The label will still be undefined the first time you make the forward reference but the next time you run the document through T Xsis it will automatically read in the auxiliary file at the beginning of the job and define the label Thus on the second pass the label will already be defined when it is called for Having to make a second pass may sound like extra work but when you are editing a document and putting the finishing touches on it you will find you end up making the extra pass without thinking about it Just don t delete the aux file between runs If you try to reference a label that does not exist you ll be told so at the end of the run when you say bye and another pass will be suggested Undefined references are also noted in the log file when they occur and the label itself is inserted into the output text in boldface to make it easier for you to track down the problem In draft mode the mark UNDEF is also put
64. You can define short cuts for all of these simply by saying Crayolas You can produce a list of all of the colors with each printed in its own color by saying ListColors The commands so far have just about the same syntax as those in the macro package called COLORDVI TEX by Jim Hafner although the internal workings are slightly differ ent Any plain TEX file which uses COLORDVI TEX should also work using color txs But the color txs macros also include commands to specifically manipulate the PostScript color stack To change the color temporarily by pushing it onto the stack and then revert to the previous color by popping the stack use PushColor and PopColor as in This text is in some color probably black PushColor Purple This text will be purple PopColor This text will be back in the previous color Be aware that the color changes have nothing to do with TeX s grouping mechanism i e curly brackets but are based only on the PostScript color stack If you really want the color to change back when a TFX group ends whenever that might happen you can use aftergroup as in begingroup PushColor Red aftergroup PopColor 80 Style Files and Specialized Formats Then later when the group is ended the PopColor is automatically executed and the color reverts to its previous value One nice way this can be used is to color all displayed equations by putting this all in everydisplay like so everydisplay Pu
65. a different citation style because it makes it easier to check the reference text as you proofread the paper By the same reasoning it s actually a nice citation style for scientific books and papers in general because the reference text is right there If the author thinks it is important enough to his her argument to cite another work then it is probably imporant for the reader to see the reference text at that point We hope that this citation style gets used more than it has of late though with the increased use hypertext it probably won t Why bother to put the reference text on the same page as the citation when you can click on the reference number and jump right to the appropriate point in the list of references As you might expect if you use CiteByFootnote then no list of references is produced should you also say ListReferences After all the text of the references has already appeared so there are actually no references to list 26 References and Citations It is probably not a good idea to mix CiteByFootnote and numbered footnotes using Nfootnote since they are completely separate and keep track of their footnote numbers independently Earlier versions of T Xsis had only two citation styles and for backward compatibility they are still supported Saying superrefsfalse is the same as saying CiteByNumber while superrefstrue is the same as CiteBySuperscript The older forms are supported so that you can print old documen
66. act Ref 3 of this document and has the label Doob If several cite s are given in succession then the correspond ing numbers are printed separated by commas Unlike reference which defines the reference numbers cite does not know if references are sequential so it cannot replace a sequence of numbers by a range To avoid a long sequence of reference numbers use instead Aciteranget first label last label to print the numbers corresponding to the first and last labels as a range The construction Ref label produces Ref nn in the text with nn the number of the reference corresponding to the label For example the Ref 3 in the previous paragraph was typed into the manuscript file as Ref Doob Ref is simply shorthand for Ref use Ref label and you can change what is printed simply by changing the definition of Ref For example if you said def Ref 1 reference use Ref 1 then Ref Doob would produce reference 3 instead See Section 5 for more on how to use use 4 3 Listing the References After the text of the document is complete a printed list of the references can be obtained by saying ListReferences This prints the numbers at the left hand edge of the page with the text indented by refindent which is chosen so that the equation numbers line up and it puts a refskip initially equal to a smallskip between references The reference format can be changed by redefining t
67. adding parskip amount to your new definition of FootFont If you want a singlespaced footnote in the FootFont typestyle but without putting a reference mark in the text you can use Vfootnote just as you would use vfootnote in Plain T X And of course if Footnote or Vfootnote cannot do what you need even after changing FootFont then you can always use footnote or vfootnote from Plain TEX Sometimes it is desirable to have footnotes numbered consecutively This is easily done with NFootnote which keeps a count of the footnotes it has created and uses the numbers for the reference marks Just as with Footnote the text is single spaced and printed in the FootFont typestyle The footnote counter is called footnum so if you want to start over numbering footnotes at the begining of a new chapter for example then simply set this back to zero by saying footnum 0 1 This is an example of the use of Footnote in TpXsis The footnote character is typeset in math mode as if it were between two s F A technical footnote With footnote from plain TEX the group is closed before the footnote is typeset so any line spacing you set inside the footnote is lost You can solve this by putting a par or vskip Opt at the end of your footnote but then the final strut is put on a separate line Getting footnotes to work just right is tricky business which is why we wrote Footnote l This is an example of a numbered footnote which wa
68. aded from the file when called for As a practical example of using autoload suppose that you are a student at Excited State University and you want to create a customized thesis macro which will load automatically from a style file called ESUthesis txs You could copy the macros in the file thesis txs to this new file and then edit them as needed Then to make the new definition load automatically you would say autoload thesis ESUthesis txs To make this new definition of thesis available to anyone using T Xsis on your machine you would want to put this autoload command in the file TXSsite tex before building the TpXsis format This is described in more detail in Appendix A To make the new definition automatically available just to you in your thesis directory you could put the command in a file called TXSmods tex in that directory 78 Style Files and Specialized Formats Important note many T Xsis style files and source files use the 0 character in the names of macros which are to be hidden from the casual user Since is not a letter these macros can t normally be used If you are writing a style file which needs to use these hidden macros you should say ATunlock first to make 0 a letter and then ATlock when you are done to turn e back into a non letter 9 3 Overhead Transparencies Slides TrXsis contains a simple slides format for making overhead transparencies or similar material While
69. al is also used as a thermocouple material has highest negativity known and has found application as a carrier for U 3 or U 38 fuel in atomic reactors Its soluble salts are characterized by forming insolu ble basic salts on the addition of water a property sometimes used in detection work Bismuth oxy chloride is used extensively in cosmetics Bismuth subnitrate and subcarbonate are used in medicine High purity bismuth metal costs about 4 1b The IEEE PhysRev and NorthHollandTwo document formats described in Sect ion 9 also use these double column macros Any document prepared for double column output using the macros just described can also be printed in the simpler single column mode very easily simply by leaving out the SetDoubleColumns Without the initialization provided by SetDoubleColumns the doublecolumns and enddoublecolumns commands do nothing they are in fact the same as saying relax However if you restore the SetDoubleColumns command or invoke one of the specialized document styles which use double column output like PhysRev they will come back to life and perform as required In double column mode displayed equations that fit within a single column are typed within the usual If an equation is too long then it may have to be printed across both columns This is easily done by saying longequation before the which begins the equation and endlongequation after the which ends the equation
70. and Tables Item GHI Item JKL endruledtable hfil ruledtable Data 111 Data 222 cr Data 333 Data 444 cr Data 555 Data 666 endruledtable smallskip Saying centeredtables turns table centering back on Tables are then centered across the page and a table is then added to a vertical list Usually ruledtable makes tables as wide as their natural width but it is possible to make them wider by setting the dimension tablewidth to the width desired before saying ruledtable We can make the same table in Table 7 2 but with the width set to 10cm ION IO o first quarter only The careful reader will notice that the version of Table 7 2 in The TRXbook had a footnote to the last entry and we have added that here To do so we had to put the footnote in an hbox and stack it under the table so we had to turn off table centering The table is therefore a bit more complicated to make but not much noncenteredtables tablewidth 10cm line tenpoint hfil vbox singlespaced ruledtable multispan3 hfill AT amp T Common Stock hfil1 CR Year dbl Price Dividend cr 1971 dbl 41 54 2 60 cr 7772 dbl 41 54 2 70 cr 7773 dbl 46 55 2 87 cr 7774 dbl 40 53 3 24 cr 7775 dbl 45 52 3 40 cr 7776 dbl 51 59 95 rlap endruledtable hbox first quarter only vss hfil If we had not wanted to add the footnote then the table would have been typed the same way as Table 7
71. anslate any occurrence in the input file of the sequence hep lat yymmnnn to hep lat followed by the 7 digit paper number You must use the exact string of characters yymmnnn for this to work When someone else gets your paper from the server and prints a copy it will have the assigned document code in the banner at the top of the title page The standard footnote macro cannot be used to make footnotes to titles and au thors s names because these special fields use internal vertical mode where footnotes are not allowed You should instead use the vfootnote macro of plain T X for such pur poses In this case you must put the reference mark in the title or author list yourself for example with and then say vfootnote The footnote somewhere else on the page outside of the internal vertical mode material the author or title blocks Footnotes identifying institutions in a long list of authors are often centered on lines immediately below the author list authors and institution can be used for this For example the author list of one well known paper could be typed as follows authors E D Bloom a M Breidenback b D H Coward a H DeStaebler a J Drees a J 1 Friedman b G C Hartmann b c H W Kendall b G Miller a L W Mo a R E Taylor a 36 Typesetting Complete Papers institution a Stanford Linear Accelerator Center Stanford CA 94305 institution b
72. ant to reference you could define Labels and Tags 29 Table 5 1 Prefixes for labels and the corresponding counters for various objects Entity Tag Prefix Counter Corollary Cor Xcorollarynum D definitionnum f Equation Eq eqnum Figure Fg fignum Lemma L lemmanum em IET Table Tb tabnum Theorem Thm theoremnum the tag page cool to be the page number by saying tag page cool folio Then somewhere else in the document if you want to refer to the information on that page you could do so with use page cool as in This difficulty is discussed in more detail on page use page cool Then even if the document is rearranged so that the page numbers change the page number you referred to will come out correct Here is another useful example Suppose you want to state the number of questions at the begining of an examination or similarly the number of chapters in a book A count of the questions could be kept in Qcount but it won t be set correctly until the end of the job Even so when the count is known we can tag it with a name like NQ and use it in the text with use NQ The first time this is encountered it will display as an undefined tag and an error message will appear in the log But at the end of the document we say tag NQ Qcount to assign the final value of Qcount to the tag NQ The next time the job is run saying use NQ will be defined as the value from th
73. asy to use the caption information stored by infiglist and intablelist to make just a list of captions without including the page numbers The command to make a list of all the figure captions is ListFigureCaptions and similarly all the table captions can be listed with ListTableCaptions Just as with ListFigures and ListTables these should appear at the end of the job so that all of the caption information will have already been stored It should be said that this method of making a list of captions assumes that you have put the same captions under the figures with Caption or caption as the caption in the list of figures entered with infiglist It may help to know a little bit more about how the macros ListFigures and ListFigureCaptions work The infiglist command writes the figure caption in formation you provide to a file which has the same name as your manuscript file but with the extension fgl meaning figure list for tables the file name extension is tb1 The page number on which the figure appears is also recorded in this file When the whole document has been processed all of the figure captions will have been saved in this file and ListFigures and ListFigureCaptions simply read this file back in One of them uses the page numbers to construct a table of contents for the figures while the other just prints out the figure captions by themselves In either case it is important that all the caption information be in
74. at T X has left room for the figure Once you have converted your DVI and EPS files into a PS file you can preview that file if you have a PostScript previewer such as GhostScript Then your graphs and drawings will appear just as they would if you had printed the PS file Sometimes you will find that more room has been left for the figure than is really needed The way epsfbox decides how much room to leave is by reading the first part of the EPS file to find a line which looks like BoundingBox 67 176 544 616 The two pairs of numbers are the coordinates of the lower left and upper right corners of the figure respectively They are measured in printer s points 1 72nd of an inch If you don t like the positioning of the figure given by the original bounding box in the PostScript file you can override it by specifying a new bounding box like so epsfbox 0 180 540 700 file ps You may have to experiment with positioning the BoundingBox for the best effect and it may help to look at the PostScript file to see what the default BoundingBox is and adjust things using that coordinate system You can also control the size of the included graphic using epsfxsize or epsfysize before you call epsfbox The figure will be enlarged or reduced to fit the dimension you specify Saying epsfxsize dimen epsfbox figure ps 50 Figures and Tables 0000000 ga u lt d Figure 7 2 Example of including EPS graphics in a figure
75. available via the Internet at ftp ftp texsis org You can also use anonymous ftp instead of a Web brower In that case run ftp on your computer and connect to ftp texsis org give the login name anonymous and your e mail address as the password Issue the command cd texsis to change to the texsis subdirectory The files for Unix machines are in a gzip compressed tar file with a name like TeXsis X XX tar gz where X XX is the version number There are also subdirectories for T Xsis packaged for Macintosh PC s DOS or Windows VMS Vax computers Linux and Amiga The code is the same in any case it s just packed differently for different machines See the README file on the TeXsis ftp server for more details If you have problems with this server please send e mail to texsis umich edu The T Xsis distribution on the TeXsis ftp server is also mirrored by CTAN the Common TeX Archive Network You may find it easier to get T Xsis from a nearby CTAN site To find the CTAN site nearest you finger ctan ftp tex ac uk The files can be found in the directory macros texsis Small improvements and bug corrections for T Xsis are distributed as patches in the patch file TXS patch tex If there is such a file in the texsis directory you should copy it as well We would be grateful to hear of any errors found in this documentation or in the software and we also invite suggestions for improvements to both We try to corre
76. bel text on a line by itself above the item singlelinefalse is the default but this manual has been printed with singlelinetrue 72 Environments 8 5 4 Spacing of List Environments Each of the list environments described above is surrounded by the following skips EnvTopskip medskipamount space above the list EnvBottomskip medskipamount space below the list EnvLeftskip 2 parindent left indent for the list EnvRightskip parindent right margin moves in too You can change these as you please to any legal TFX dimension The space between items which are begun by itm is taken from the parskip Since the list environment begins a group you can change the parskip inside this group to control the spacing between itm s For example if you wanted no extra space between the items in the list you could say set the parskip to zero as in itemize Xparskip 0pt def itemmark triangleright itm Event timer started display SINED itm Antenna Aligned display SEELED itm Oscillation overthruster armed display DELIVERED enditemize which would produce gt Event timer started display SINED gt Antenna Aligned display SEELED gt Oscillation overthruster armed display DELIVERED 8 6 TEX example macros Typing TEX examples can t be done in either the example environment nor the Listing environment because the backslash must be turned into a simple printing character There are several
77. beling or tagging works T Xsis keeps track of numbers for equations figures tables and other useful things in counters Whenever you create a new equation figure table or reference the appropriate counter is incremented At the same time a new macro instruction is defined with the label incorporated into the name and the definition of this macro is simply the new value of the counter Thus if you create a displayed equation and label it Newton then a macro called Eq Newton is created and it is automatically defined to be whatever the next number is for the equation The actual mechanism is somewhat more subtle Normally you can only use letters in macro names but T Xsis uses csname endcsname to allow numbers and punctuation to be used in labels Also an extra is added at the beginning and end of each macro name If this were not done then for example using end as a label using tag could redefine end and you would not be able to get out of TEX So the macro containing the equation number for the equation named Newton actually ends up being named Eq NewtonQ Once a label macro is defined you can use it to refer to the thing it labels and it will yield the proper number In the case of the equation called Newton saying Eq Newton is really saying Eq Eq Newton Again since punctuation is not allowed in names TeXsis actually uses csname endcsname in the definiti
78. can be seen in Eq Newton This would be printed as The dependence of the force on the inverse square of the distance can be seen in Eq 3 4 The control sequence Eq label gives the same result as typing Eq nn where nn is the appropriate equation number for the given label Two similar control words allow you to refer to a range of equations or to refer to an equation simply by number without the preceding Eq Typing Eqs label produces Eqs nn while Ep label gives just the equation number associated with the label enclosed in parentheses Thus typing 12 Equations The class of metrics defined by Eqs cond 1 through Ep cond 5 can all be shown to satisfy inequality Ep triangle as well as the condition in Eq Killing would produce output something like The class of metrics defined by Eqs 14 through 19 can all be shown to satisfy inequality 23 as well as the condition in Eq 7 Almost any sequence of characters can be used as a label for an equation This includes letters numbers and punctuation marks but it is best to avoid TRX s special characters such as _ and Spaces may be included but will be ignored and there is a difference between uppercase and lowercase letters Also the semicolon is reserved for a special purpose which is described below You may want to give equations names as in the example called Newton above
79. ces of TEXsis displaying a message for each piece Finally it will spew out a list of fonts used and other information This should contain near the end the statement No pages of output produced If it does not something may be wrong with your distribution although it is probably a minor problem Check your editing of the TXSsite tex file The preloaded format will be written to the file texsis fmt 5 Copy or move various files to where they need to be 5 1 Copy the format file to the place where your version of TRX looks for pre loaded formats On Unix systems this is usually usr local share texmf tex formats or some variation of this For VMS machines make sure the file is in the directory named by TEX_FORMATS With PC TRX the file goes into PCTEX TEXFMTS 5 2 Copy the TpXsis style files which end with the extension txs to the place your version of TFX usually looks for input Under Unix this should be usr local lib tex inputs or sometimes usr local lib tex macros For VMS machines make sure these files are in the directory in cluded in the path defined by the TEX_INPUTS logical For PC TRX the proper place is PCTEX TEXINPUT 5 3 If you have any run time patches to add to T Xsis copy the file TXSpatch tex to the same TEX inputs directory If there is a TXSpatch tex from a previous release of T Xsis you should be sure to remove the old file if it is not being replaced 6 Having created the format file yo
80. ct Sometimes the title author s name s and abstract appear on a separate page while sometimes they simply appear at the top of the first page of the paper In any case we will refer to all this material together as the title page material TrXsis has a standardized method for entering the title page material whether it will actually appear on a page by itself or not You begin the title page material with titlepage and end it with endtitlepage Between these two control sequences you can use any of the commands listed below to enter the various parts of the title page material An example appears at the beginning of this section title Begins the title of the paper All lines up to a following endtitle are centered and printed in Tbf type Line endings in the input file are respected just as with obeylines author Begins an entry for an author s name and address which should appear on the lines that follow Line endings in the input file are respected 34 Typesetting Complete Papers The first line to follow is the author s name which is printed centered in bf type All subsequent lines are centered in normal type End with endauthor and Prints the word and centered and with appropriate vertical separa tion It can be used either between sets of author endauthor or between multiple addresses for the same author authors An alternative to author for papers with many authors Here line ending
81. ct errors as quickly as possible and we try to improve T Xsis as our time allows When reporting an error in the code it would help a great deal if you would send us a copy of the relevant sections of the manuscript file the log file and if possible a sample of any output generated It would be even better if you could break your example down into a short file that demonstrates the error on a single page or two To contact us send e mail to texsis umich edu or Electronic Mail myersQumich edu paige bnl gov Surface Mail Eric Myers Frank E Paige Department of Physics Physics Department 2477 Randall Laboratory Box 510A University of Michigan Brookhaven National Laboratory Ann Arbor MI 48109 1120 USA Upton NY 11973 USA TEX is a trademark of the American Mathematical Society UNIX is a trademark of Unix System Laboratories Inc Copyright c 1990 1991 1992 1994 1997 1999 by Eric A Myers and Frank E Paige Distribution and or modification of the T Xsis source code and documentation is allowed under the terms of the LaTeX Project Public License LPPL T Xsis is distributed WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY without even the implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose TeXsis 2 18 Printed 21 April 2001 Table of Contents Contents 1 Introduction 1 1 Overview of this Manual 1 2 Getting Started 1 3 Some Philosophy 2 Type Sizes Type Styles and Line Spacing 2 1 Type Sizes and Styles 2
82. describing how they designed the makeindex program Figures and Tables 45 7 Figures and Tables Technical papers often include tables and or figures Regardless of how the contents of the figures or tables are created these have a lot in common in the way they are generally treated Ti Xsis makes use of T X s floating insertion capabilities see Chapter 15 of The T Xbook to insert figures and tables on the current page or on a following page It is also possible to have figures or tables saved and printed at the end of the document Captions are easily added either above or below the figure or table Both kinds of objects are automatically assigned numbers which are associated with internal labels so that they may be referred to in the text without having to know their order It is possible to create a list of the figures and tables which appear in a document much like creating a table of contents Figures themselves are generally created outside of T X either by hand or by computer graphics programs while tables can be created using TFX commands The most complicated tables have vertical and horizontal lines called rules to guide the reader s eye and to make the table more readable TE Xsis has some very easy to use commands for making ruled tables Before discussing T Xsis s figure and table making macros in detail we should men tion that T Xsis also adds a new insertion class to those of Plain T X In Plain T X sayi
83. don t say bye here This example addresses the letter to Whoever and it uses the first text if Job is P the second if Job is F and the third otherwise Thus form letters are very flexible 90 Letters Memos and Referee Reports The mailing list file initializes the form letter macros and contains the list of addresses TpXsis should be run on this file not on the file containing the body of the letter For the example above it would have the form texsis formLetters letterhead 7734 letterbody tex BL Prof John Doe Department of Physics University of Nowhere Nowhere OK 73019 USA V Whoever Professor Doe V Job F EL BL Dr Buckaroo Banzai Physics Department The Banzai Institute Grovers Mill NJ 08544 V Whoever Dr Banzai V Job P EL endform bye The first argument of formLetters is something like the usual letterhead macro with your phone number Depending on your letterhead this might have multiple param eters or might even be several control sequences all enclosed in a set of curly braces of course The second argument to formLetters is the name of the file containing the body of the letter The idea is that the stuff in the first argument gets put into the letter before the address while the body of the letter read from the file is what goes after the address Each letter begins with BL Begin Letter and has the name of the addressee on the same line and the address on the following
84. e text as in this example This is generally okay for words but not phrases or sentences theBlank length 12 4 2 Boxes Creates an underline of the specified length where one can fill in the blank For example saying Name theBlank 6cm produces Name These macros let you put boxes around text or equations or something similar tightbox box Puts a ruled box around the argument which must be a box with no intervening space Example tightbox hbox Boo produces Boo loosebox box Puts a loose box around the box with about one jot of space between the edge of the box and the enclosing box What you do with this resulting box is up to you Rules are not put around this outer box but you can enclose it in a tightbox to do so as in tightbox loosebox Boo which gives Boo Jf you want the contents of this box to match the baseline of the current line lower it by a jot as in lower jot tightbox loosebox Boo which gives Boo spinef text Creates a label enclosed in a ruled box suitable for the spine of a 3 ring binder The box will be at least 15 cm long but will extend if the text requires more space The default type size is 24 pt but can be changed in the text If the label is longer than the width of a page then it should be printed in landscape mode Instructions for installing the label in the spin
85. e which is initially set to scriptstyle but can be changed Section 7 3 A way was created to save all figure and table insertions until the end of the document with FiguresLast and then print them with PrintFigures and similarly for tables Section 9 The NorthHolland document layout was added to produce camera ready copy for Proceedings published by North Holland Elsevier This is a double column format with titles left justified and eleven point type Saying singlespaced immediately after texsis or its equivalent will now make the whole document single spaced Section 11 The double column macros have been modified so that removing the setdoublecolumns will produce a single column document B 7 Revisions for Version 2 12 Section 1 2 A new command texsis performs the initialization and calling it more than once no longer causes an error inittexsis remains as a synonym Section 2 ninepoint twentypoint and twentyfourpoint commands have been added to select these sizes The 9 pt size is really too small for a standard laser printer but it is useful if you must print IEEE format on 8 5in x 11in paper The large sizes are useful for slides and other special purposes Section 7 3 The table and figure insertion macros has been extensively modified and the syntax has been changed topTable etc have been replaced by table etc which make the insertion and define the number for the tag Tbl and Fig use the numbe
86. e from another Thus for example the dbl macro for creating a double vertical rule between columns is defined as def db1 7 nextcolumn vrule width thinsize hskip thinsize vrule width thinsize 7 5 Lists of Figures and Tables In large technical documents it is often desirable to have a list of the figures and or tables which appear in the document along with a brief caption and the number of the page on which the figure or table appears This is similar to a table of contents but is separate from it In TRXsis you can add a figure or table to a list of figures or tables by using infiglist after figure or intablelist after table similar to the way you would use caption The syntax is infiglist text The text is the text of the possibly abbreviated caption which is to appear in the list of figures Remember though if a table has a caption it should appear above the table body so the caption must still be the first thing after table the infiglist can come later As an example consider the penguin diagram already discussed To add an entry for this figure in the list of figures it would be entered as follows figure Penguin centerline epsfbox home fermi qcd penguin eps caption Example of including EPS graphics in a figure infiglist Example of including a figure in the list of figures endfigure The caption text is what is put under the figure in the body of the paper while the infiglist text is
87. e of a binder are printed but only once Miscellaneous Macros 101 eqnbox math expr Puts a box around the mathematical expression math expr This can be useful for highlighting an important result You can use this in any kind of math mode but usually you will want to use it in a displayed equation like so eqnbox E mc 2 EQN 47 which produces E me 12 1 In an in line math expression it appears like so E mc Be careful not to over use this or its utility is lost eqnmark Putting a box around an equation can be to distracting but it is nice to have a way to mark important results This is an alternative to eqnbox Simply put eqnmark at the beginning of the displayed equation immediately after the and it will put a marker defined by eqnmarker at the left edge of the equation the default is gt For example typing eqnmark E mc 2 EQN 47 produces gt E me 12 2 Note that eqnmark does not work with eqalignno or EQNalign which is just as well so that you can t overuse it 12 4 3 Read the Code There are a number of other macros in T Xsis which are not described in this manual either because a we didn t have time to describe everything or b they are works in progress In either case if you are familiar enough with T X to write some simple macros for yourself then you are familar enough to read through the code and find other u
88. e previous run Unless you ve recently changed things by adding or removing a question then this will be the correct count Knowing about use and the prefixes in Table 5 1 also lets you change how the macros that refer to these objects work For example to refer to figure 7 1 in section 7 1 you would normally say Fig Penguin This produces Fig 7 1 but suppose you want it to say the full word figure instead of just Fig You can make this change throughout the document simply by changing the definition of Fig to def Fig 1 figure use Fg 1 Then Fig Penguin would produce figure 7 1 Whenever you create any of the objects listed in Table 5 1 a label is automatically created However chapters sections and subsections are not automatically labeled be cause their values are not ordinarily changed If you want to remember the number of a chapter or section of your document to be able to refer to it somewhere else put labelf label in the text of the title of the chapter or section label label is 30 Labels and Tags the same as tag label counter where counter is the current section or chapter number as appropriate For example you might have section Supersymmetry and Supergravity label sect SUSY To refer to that section later on you would say usef sect SUSY Note that label does not insert any prefix in front of the label so you must include it explicitly if you want one
89. e titles of sections of a paper You are free to change the definitions of these control words but if you do not they default to 14 pt boldface for Tbf and 12 pt boldface for tbf Math italic bold mib is listed with the other fonts but is actually slightly different it substitutes boldfaced versions of the math italic and math symbol fonts for the normal ones everywhere in math mode These fonts are available only with with Computer Modern fonts and only in 10 pt and larger sizes the standard math fonts are used for smaller superscripts Since mib effectively redefines it must be placed before the math material i e outside the math quotes and the whole formula will be bold For example tbf mib Observation of Z 0O to mu mu will produce the indicated text in tbf size with a bold formula provided you have the right fonts The easiest way to find out is to try it Since the mib fonts are not available everywhere they are never loaded or used unless you explicitly ask for them Plain T X includes a calligraphic script font known as cal but the letters in this font are not quite what most physicists are accustomed to using for things like Lagrangian densities or functional measures Ralph Smith of U C San Diego has created a new formal script font with much better letters for such purposes and TRXsis supports this font provided that it is available on your computer To get this new font you simply use
90. eX capacity exceeded sorry 7 8 Nonstandard Figure and Table Placement On rare occasions you may need to have a figure or table from one section of your document appear in another section of the document For example if the introductory section is very short but has a figure that figure might end up at the top of the first page when you really want it to appear at the top of the second page You can cause the figure to come out later by moving it farther back in the manuscript file but if it is moved into the next section it will then have the wrong figure number The solution to this problem is to have a way to override or modify the way figure and table numbers are assigned Since the first part of the figure or table number is the chapter or section number you need to change this by saying setSectionID something else This changes the section number part of the figure and table numbers to whatever you put as something else It will also effect equation numbers so it is best to have this inside of a group so that the change goes away at the end of the group Next you have to change the figure or table number TRXsis keeps count of tables and figures in global variables and increments these counters globally when a new figure or table is created Thus just changing the counter inside a group won t work because the counter outside of the group would still be modified To temporarily change the value of such a counter you use
91. eate the space for this figure at the top of a page along with a caption with the following commands figure Penguin hrule vskip 2cm line hss glue your penguin here hfil vskip 2cm 46 Figures and Tables glue your penguin here Figure 7 1 Sample figure showing how easy it is to insert numbered figures with captions in TRXsis hrule Caption Sample figure showing how easy it is to insert numbered figures with captions in TeXsis endCaption endfigure This produces Fig 7 1 we put the hrule s in just to show off the empty space Penguin is the label for the figure so to refer to the figure in the text we typed Fig Penguin which produced Fig 7 1 The caption can be placed either before or after the figure if it is to be at the top then Caption must be the first token after figure As shown the caption text must be terminated with endCaption When the caption is printed it will automatically start with the figure number in bold type followed by the caption text The caption is indented on both sides if it is more than one line long and centered otherwise caption text is equivalent to Caption text endCaption and may be more con venient for short captions It should be avoided for very long captions to keep from over flowing T X s internal memory There are commands to create figures for each of the insertion classes of Plain TEX that is midinsert topinsert and pa
92. ected Section 6 5 Contentstrue and Contentsfalse turn on and off the table of contents The old ContentsSwitchtrue is obsolete but still works Section 7 Figures and tables can now be inserted at the bottom of a page with bottominsert or heavyinsert Section 7 ListFigureCaptions allow you to print the figure captions at the end of a document Section 7 In the previous version the obsolete Tablebody was moved to a style file called Tablebody txs The name of this file has been changed to Tablebod txs so that it can be used on a DOS PC Section 9 Added PhysRevManuscript style for manuscripts to be submitted to the Physical Review and PhysRev and PhysRevLett styles emulating the appearance of those journals These are in the style files PhysRev txs Revised the IEEE and WorldScientific styles to follow those formats more closely Moved twin page output to a style file Section 9 Changed the method of loading site and style files so that they work even with OZTRX on a Macintosh Section 11 Extensively revised the double column macros They now support insertion of figures at the bottom of the page or of a column allow figures to flow from one column to the next and allow footnotes The new version is backwards compatible except for the names of the headline and footline offsets and can also be used by itself with Plain TeX Revisions 111 B 4 Revisions for Version 2 15 An index has been added to the manual using
93. ection is to change the way the chapter or section number is printed by changing the definitions of the macros ChapterStyle SectionStyle or SubsectionStyle These macros take one argument the chapter or section number and by default they simply return that argument By substituting your own definition you can do almost anything you like to the section number For example it is often desired that the section number printed as a Roman numeral rather than as an Arabic numeral The following definition will convert the section number to an upper case Roman numeral def SectionStyle 1 uppercase expandafter romannumeral 1 Even more customized behavior of the section making macros is possible For example Tbf and tbf can also be defined as macros which take a single argument which is arranged to be the title of the section or chapter To see how this works it may be best to look at the definitions of chapter and section and the like in the source file TXSsects tex For very specialized applications you could even copy the definitions in this file to the TXSmods tex file or your own personal style file and then alter them however you like 6 4 The Master File An useful concept for typesetting a long document is that of the Master File The idea is to create one small file which initializes TpXsis with texsis makes any special definitions or sets parameters and then reads in the actual text of the document in sections using the inp
94. egrees symbol For example 90 degrees produces 90 You can use degree as a synonym These work equally well in math or text mode e frac numerator denominator produces the fraction numerator over denominator while smallfrac numerator denominator produces the same fraction in the smaller subscript style type half produces a in a size appropriate to its usage e simle and simge make the symbols lt and 2 to indicate less than about and greater than about respectively Synonyms for these are ltsim and gtsim e parenbar puts a bar in parentheses above a character this is often used to indicate either a particle or its antiparticle nunubar and ppbar are special cases Thus n parenbar n qquad nu nunubar qquad p ppbar gives Equations 17 subrightarrow text puts the text under a right arrow of the appropriate length Thus f x subrightarrow x to 0 0 gives f x gt f0 x gt 0 buildchar 1 4 2 3 gives character 1 with 2 above it and 3 below it allowing the construction of a variety of special symbols overcirc is a special case of this which puts a small circle above a character as in R This is often used in general relativity and related fields vbigl delim size and vbigr delim size produce very or variably big delimiters generalizing the Plain TEX macros big1 Bigr etc They produce respectively the le
95. enbf twinout text Alternatively the twinformat command can be used to produce any TRXsis format in twinout layout with 10 pt fonts Thus the above commands can be replaced by texsis twinformat text Here twinformat automatically sets up 10 pt fonts and appropriate values for the title bold face fonts just as in the previous example twinout use the following dimensions Style Files and Specialized Formats 81 twinhsize Total width for twin column output twinvsize Column height for twin column output twincsize Column width for twin column output normhsize Normal value of hsize in portrait mode normvsize Normal value of vsize in portrait mode All of these have sensible default values for 8 5in x 11in paper but can be reset before twinout is called The normal sizes should print properly with the default device driver and printer Appropriate default values for all these dimensions can be set in TXSsite tex twinout puts LandscapeSpecial on each page This is null by default but can be redefined to be an appropriate special command to produce landscape output with your device driver and printer For example with dvips 9 and a PostScript printer use def LandscapeSpecial special papersize 11in 8 5in A default value can be set in TXSsite tex twinprint is a substitute for preprint which sets the title author and other ti tlepage material full size in landscape mode and then switches to twinou
96. er and the equations will simply be numbered consecutively 1 2 3 Although the system just described for forming equation numbers gives a result that is usually what you will want for your equation numbering you can change the method by setting either of two switches If you say showchaptIDfalse then the chapter number cc will not be made a part of the equation number even though you may be using chapter level divisions in your document Similarly saying showsectIDfalse prevents the section number ss from being used in the equation number The opposites of these two switches are showchaptIDtrue and showsectIDtrue The equation number nn is reset to one only when a section or chapter number that is supposed to be visible is incremented as you might expect 3 2 Special Symbols TrXsis defines some special symbols and other constructions which are not included in plain TEX and which either are commonly used by physicists or are not trivial to construct The following macros which are listed here by related groups provide these additional special symbols for use in equations e bra text and ket text produce the notations text and texrt respectively for quantum mechanical states vev text produces text for a VEV Vacuum Expectation Value e del grad and square produce the notations 0 V and O for various deriva tives The first two are just synonyms for partial and nabla e degrees is the d
97. er and use the label to refer to the whole set together You can use either Eq or Eqs to do this For example the sentence after Eq 3 6b above was created by typing These may be referred to together as Eqsf eigen or may be referred to separately as Eqs eigen a and Ep eigen b You will eventually encounter an equation that is so long that it has to be broken up into several lines or you will want to print several equations together lined up by their signs In plain TEX you would use eqalign to display these kinds of equations or eqalignno to display them with equation numbers With T Xsis you should use EQNalign in place of eqalign or eqalignno to get automatically assigned equation numbers in aligned equations As in plain T X the alignment of the equations is controlled by amp and cr An equation number is assigned to a particular line by putting EQN followed by a label on that line before the cr The label is everything from the EQN up to the cr For example EQNalign dp Mover dt amp partial H over partial q EQN Hamilton 1 cr dq Mover dt amp partial H Mover partial p EQN Hamilton 2 cr 14 Equations produces the two aligned and numbered equations dp OH dq H Gp 3 8 EQNalign can be used both for typing multi part equations or for splitting an equation which is too long to fit on a single line However when splitting a single long equation into several
98. eral sections of this manual are Section 1 An introduction to TpXsis and the philosophy behind the macros and instructions on how to begin using T Xsis Section 2 Selecting sizes and fonts of type choosing single double or triple spacing and automatically handling quotation marks Section 3 Automatic numbering of equations automatic sizing of parentheses and brackets and special symbols for physics equations Section 4 Defining new references for which numbers are assigned automatically citing references already so defined and making a list of references Section 5 Labeling things like section numbers figures items in an outline or page numbers and referring to them in other parts of the document Section 6 Producing a complete paper including the title page chapters sections subsections and appendices a table of contents running headlines and an index How to use the master file concept to split a long document into several files Section 7 Producing automatically numbered tables and figures and producing ruled tables Section 8 Displaying text in special ways using environments including those for centered lines lists of things listings of computer programs and TFX examples Section 9 Using specialized layouts for journals and conference proceedings and creating new ones Section 10 Typing letters form letters memos and referee reports Section 11
99. ered in two different ways either all references at once at the beginning of the document or each one individually at the point in the text where the work is first cited In either case T Xsis stores the text of all of the references in numerical order until it is asked to print the list at the end of the document by saying ListReferences To make a citation to a new reference and to enter the text of the reference use the command reference label where label is the label to be used to refer to this refer ence This is followed by the text of the reference which is terminated by endreference An example is To this end we will follow Feynman reference Feynman 1949 R P Feynman Phys Rev vol 76 749 1949 endreference in developing the propagator approach This would appear in the text of the document as To this end we will follow Feynman in developing the propagator approach and the text of the reference would be saved until the list of references is printed at the end of the document If you look at the end of this manual you will see it There are several things to take note of in the example above Most importantly there is no space between the word in the text where the citation is made Feynman and the reference This is so the superscript reference number will appear in the text right after the word to which the citation is attached with no intervening space Note also in the reference text the tie
100. es to find the next one it wants There should be no extra spaces between the arguments Besides making it a little easier to type a citation to a journal article using journal lets you switch from the American form of citation to the European form very easily In the American form the page number follows the volume followed by the year in parentheses In the European form the year follows the volume number and the the page number comes after that Normally TpXsis uses the American form but you can change to the European form simply by saying Eurostyletrue The arguments to journal are always in the American order no matter how they are eventually printed A number of abreviations which are commonly used in references and which are usually set in italics are defined as simple control words Thus saying cf produces cf saying etal produces et al saying ie produces i e and saying ibid produces ibid Sometimes you want to print the title of a journal article and sometimes you don t An easy way to control this is to enter the title using ArticleTit1le as in reference Schwinger 1951 J Schwinger ArticleTitle On Gauge Invariance and Vacuum Polarization journal Phys Rev 82 664 1951 endreference Then if you say ShowArticleTitletrue the title will be printed in slanted type with a trailing comma but with ShowArticleTitlefalse the default it will not To enter several references
101. es were released for TRXsis 2 17 to fix minor problems and these have been incorporated into the current release The default installation directory has been changed to usr local texmf in the Makefile to conform to the recommendations of the TFX Directory Structure TDS You can of course easily change this by editing the Makefile before you install TRXsis This change has not yet been made in the installation instructions Section 1 2 Some common IATFX opening instructions are now detected and a warning message given Thus if you try to run a IATFX file through TpXsis you ll be given a little more help in figuring out your mistake Section 4 Different citation styles are now available by different names and new ones CiteByFootnote CiteByAuthor CiteByTag have been added This section of the manual has been broken into separated into subsections to make it easier to read Documentation was added for ArticleTitle and for BibTeX A bug in ListReferences was fixed and the formatting adjusted for the new cita tion styles CiteByFootnote is now correctly syncronized to the same counter used by NFootnote Section 6 3 Documentation was added for setting ChapterTitle SectionTitle and SubsectionTitle A rare problem that appears when there are a large number of floating insertions was fixed Section 6 6 The bottompagenumbers macro just puts the page number at the bottom of the page but doesn t surround it by dashes The
102. est form of citation and the default in T Xsis but there are also several other popular conventions for making citations One common one is to display the reference number enclosed in squaqre brackets rather than as a subscript Another is to display a citation key such as the first author s last name and the year either in brackets or parentheses T Xsis is flexible and allows you to use any of these citation styles To cause the reference numbers to appear within brackets simply say CiteByNumber To go back to superscript reference numbers say CiteBySuperscript It would be nice if that is all you had to do to switch from one citation style to another but there is one complication When a citation appears at the end of a sentence it looks best if the punctuation comes before a superscript but after a reference number in brackets Getting this right is more than a mere macro can easily do so if you switch from one style to the other you will have to make appropriate corrections to your document for citations that appear at the end of sentences Another citation style which was more popular in journals many years ago is to cite the work in the text using a superscript number but to put the text of the reference at the bottom of the page as a footnote rather than at the end of the paper or chapter as an endnote This is achieved by saying CiteByFootnote This can be useful for a draft of a paper even if you will eventually use
103. ets raised to the given power For example to produce mass you would type dimensions mass 3 18 Equations e slashchar letter puts a slash through a character the notation for the con traction of a vector with Dirac y matrices in Feynman graphs For example cal L bar psili slashchar partial e slashchar A m psi gives 7 L yli eA my The results produced by slashchar are not as good as one would like You can do somewhat better by adjusting the kerning of the by hand for each character For example def Aslash A kern 0 47em produces 4 But note that the angle of the slash is still not quite what one would like for a slashed A To really get good looking slashed characters someone will have to create a new slashed character math font using MetaFont Meanwhile you can get by with slashchar or define your own using kerning Abbreviations for units are normally set in Roman type even when used in formulas Special function e g sine cosine and logarithm or operator names are also set in Roman type and TpXsis adds some new names to go with the old standards e Tr and tr give Tr and tr respectively for the trace of an operator or of a matrix diag is used to denote a diagonal matrix as in nuv diag 1 1 1 1 e real and imag give the symbols Re and Im for the real and imaginary parts of an expression the spacing is like that for any other function or operator
104. example is to display block quotes as we ve just done above a synonym for example is blockquote which should be ended with endblockquote 8 3 Theorems and Proofs Theorems lemmas and corollaries are typeset in a quasi SIAM format with the number in boldface and the text in slanted type They are automatically numbered including the chapter and section numbers if showchaptIDtrue and showsectIDtrue are being used The syntax for a theorem is theorem label text endtheorem proof text endproof 66 Environments and similarly for lemma corollary and definition Definitions are printed in Roman type not slanted The endproof macro inserts a black box to mark the end of the proof Subsequent references to theorems lemmas corollaries and definitions can be made in the text automatically using Theorem label Lemmaf label Corollary label and Definition label which give the appropriate name and number An example of a Theorem is example theorem Cauchy If f z is a function of z which is analytic on and inside of a contour C then int_C f z dz 0 endtheorem proof Left as an exercise to the reader endproof endexample which produces Theorem 8 1 If f z is a function of z which is analytic on and inside of a contour C then te dz 0 Proof Left as an exercise to the reader fj Note the use of example to indent the theorem and proof and print them s
105. ext Begins the text of the memo You can also say body annotations Optional annotations follow in obeylines format cc Carbon copy A cc and the names following it are printed properly aligned in obeylines format Letters Memos and Referee Reports 87 Distribution This is like cc but prints Distribution instead Encl This is like cc but prints Encl instead as for letters ps Optional postscript follows This is not in obeylines format endmemo Ends the memo You can say bye instead All of these commands with mixed case names have synonyms which are the same name but in all lower case letters The use of the memo format is illustrated by the following example memo To TeXsis Users From E Myers and F E Paige Date Subj TeXsis 2 18 text TeXsis 2 18 is now available The new version adds several features and corrects various bugs Distribution A Blake I Harrity B Nichols endmemo If the memo is longer than one page a headline containing the subject and page number is put across the top of all pages after the first If the subject is longer than one line only the first line of the subject is used in this headline You can easily change what is used as this subject line by changing the definition of the macro subjectline anywhere in the body of the memo For example although the subject of your memo might be simply Annual Report you might make the headline more specif
106. f the strut in proportion to the increase in the baseline spacing If you put something in a table which is larger than the strut then it will touch the rules above or below You can fix this by inserting your own strut into that row More simply you can say bigitem stuff and the stuff will be positioned correctly with a nice amount of space above and below You can also decide whether or not you want diagnostic messages printed when a table is created Saying tableinfotrue causes a message to be printed on your terminal every time a ruled table is created The message tells you how many rows and columns were in the table This is useful information because it can tell you immediately if you made a mistake in the table or left out a row or column tableinfotrue is the default but you can turn off these messages by saying tableinfofalse In any case you will be warned if a row has a different number of columns from the previous one The tables we have demonstrated so far all contain numbers but sometimes it is desirable to have an entry in a table which is a paragraph of text For that purpose you can use para text The width of the paragraph is determined by the dimension parasize which defaults to 4 inches Tables 7 4a and 7 4b summarize the most important commands for making ruled tables Finally we can discuss how you can change how each column of a table is constructed The macros which build the table take each entr
107. for example autoparens a over b produces whereas offparens a over b produces ao which is not what one normally desires The automatic sizing of parentheses works by making and active characters in displayed equations and defining them to be macros which use left and right to size the parentheses While this normally works properly and simplifies the typing of equations it will fail if the left and right operators are not properly balanced such as when a long equation is split between two or more lines with eqalign or EQNalign Almost all such problems can be solved by using the control sequences lparen rparen lbrack and rbrack which are taken from Plain T X and which give just the standard parenthesis and bracket characters For example F 5 can be produced with EQNalign F amp Biggl lbrack a Mover b c over d cr amp quad e over f g over h Biggr rbrack cr 20 Equations Note that in this example the parentheses are balanced on one line and so can be sized automatically while the brackets span two lines and so must be sized by hand The vbig macro described in the next section provides additional flexibility for sizing If all else fails you can use Noffparens to turn off the automatic sizing of parentheses and put in left and right or explicit sizes yourself In any case you must put left and right if
108. format has been extended to handle floating insertions topinsert and pageinsert produce insertions within a column while widetopinsert and widepageinsert produce insertions across both columns Section 5 The tagging mechanism has been changed to add an before and after the name The practical effect is that using the name of a defined control sequence like book for a tag no longer produces an error Font Tables 115 C Font Tables The Computer Modern fonts that are used either by Plain T X or by TRXsis and the required sizes for each are listed in Table C 1 The cmmib10 and cmbsy10 fonts may not exist in all installations but they will not be loaded unless mib is used so they are not required The command printfont font can be used to print a table of the characters in any font e 8 printfont cmr10 A separate file called Fonts tex is included with the standard distribution of T Xsis Running Fonts tex through TpXsis will produce tables of all of the fonts used by your installation of T Xsis Most versions of T X now use CM Computer Modern fonts but some still use the older AM Almost Modern fonts If you have problems with the fonts try editing TXSfonts tex replacing all occurrences of cm with am and then recompiling TRXsis Mixing the two types of fonts will produce errors Table C 1 Fonts used in TRXsis with the design size names and the required sizes in points Base Name Description
109. ft and right delimiters delim with height size which can be given in pt cm in or any other valid units Any valid delimiter may be used but you must be careful if you use parentheses and automatic parenthesis sizing is also in effect Section 3 3 because these conflict You must either turn off automatic parenthesis sizing with offparens or use lparen or rparen in place of C and Leftcases size and Rightcases size give left and right braces of size size smashed to zero height these can be used in place of the cases of Plain TEX when it is desired to put an equation number on each line For example EQNalign m_e amp 511 MeV EQN lep a cr m_ mu amp 105 MeV quad Rightcases 50pt quad rm Leptons EQN lep b cr m_ tau amp 1784 MeV EQN lep c cr gives Me 511 MeV 3 12a my 105 MeV Leptons 3 125 mz 1784 MeV 3 12c Note that Leftcases and Rightcases do not provide automatic spacing which must be adjusted by the user as in the previous example There seems to be no simple way to obtain automatic spacing and to allow an equation number on each line sterling produces the British currency mark The astronomical symbols for the sun and the earth are sun and earth For example M_ sun and M_ earth give Mo and Mg You can also use them outside of math mode dimensions units power is used for dimensional analysis The units appear in square brack
110. geinsert along with the new insertion class added by TpXsis bottominsert In addition there are special commands for creating wide or full page figures while in double column mode which is described later in Section 11 figure label Inserts a figure at the top of the current page if there is enough room for it or at the top of the next available page midfigure label Inserts a figure at the current position if there is enough room for it or at the top of the next page if there is not fullfigure label Inserts a figure on a separate page The body of the fig ure should normally contain a vfill to allow the figure to stretch to fill the whole page bottomf igure label Figures and Tables 47 Inserts the figure at the bottom of the current page if there is room for it or on the bottom of the next page where there is room heavyfigure label Inserts a figure at the current position if there is room for it on the page or at the bottom of the page following if there is not This is therefore like midfigure except that if the figure can t be fit on the page it ends up on the bottom of a following page not the top widetopfiguref label Inserts a figure at the top of a page across both columns in double column format Equivalent to figure in single column format widefigure is a synonym widefullfigure label Inserts a full page figure across both columns in double col umn format Equ
111. h FiguresLast 64 Environments 8 Environments T X ordinarily provides a layout appropriate for straight text and equations The T Xsis macros described below create environments which bypass the normal layout to format text in special ways to create different types of lists to display theorems and proofs to display computer code and even to print TEX examples With the exception of some of the specialized TEX example macros the syntax for all of these is generally of the form thing to begin the environment and endthing to end it 8 1 Flush or Centered Text There are three environments in TRXsis which center lines set them flush left or set them flush right respectively center Centers all lines which follow up to endcenter flushleft The lines which follow up to endflushleft are made to line up flush to the left margin flushright The lines which follow up to endflushright are made to line up flush to the right margin In all of these environments line endings in the input file are obeyed as with obeylines For example center A Centered Line and Another endcenter produces A Centered Line and Another There is also a raggedcenter environment which does not respect line breaks but instead produces centered lines each of which is made as long as possible raggedcenter Center lines without respecting line endings Terminate with endraggedcenter For example raggedcente
112. h was created by simply typing Listing include lt stdio h gt main printf hello world n J endListing The indentation and spacing of the of the Listing environment are controlled by the same parameters that control the indentation of the list environments as described in Sect 8 5 4 In addition at the begining of the Listing environment the macro everyListing is executed if it exists You can define everyListing to change the typestyle type size or spacing in the Listing environment An alternative way to list computer code is ListCodeFile filename which will list the contents of a source code file exactly as it appears in the file with no need to make n into Nin and such The call to this macro should not be enclosed in a Listing environment If the example program above were contained in the source file hello c it could be listed simply by typing ListCodeFile hello c Long lines can bump up against the right margin Some extra glue has been added to help allow for this but another way to make such lines fit is to make the type size smaller before you invoke ListCodeFile you can do this using everyListing Note also that tab characters in the code file may not be treated exactly correctly In the present implementation of T Xsis they will simply be replaced with eight spaces We hope to be able to improve how this macro deals with tabs in in a future release of TRXsis but it is 68 Environments
113. he command refFormat which is executed just before the references are printed and which initially is simply relax For example to have the reference list printed with a ragged right margin with no vertical skip in between references one could say def refFormat formatting for the list of references raggedright h ragged right margin refindent 2cm instead of natural value let refskip bigskip more space between entries ListReferences now do it References and Citations 25 No heading is printed for the reference list you have to do this yourself in whatever format is appropriate Often you will want to use nosechead or perhaps beginsection from Plain TeX but sometime you may want to use chapter or section instead The choice is up to you When you have several references under the same number the d references described earlier they will each normally be printed begining on a new line You can supress the extra line ends and run the reference text together by saying refbreaksfalse To go back to breaking lines between multiple citations you should say refbreakstrue Once the list of references has been printed everything is reset so that you can start over collecting new references This is useful if you want to print the references at the end of each chapter of a book or at the end of each paper in a conference proceedings 4 4 Citation Styles Superscript reference numbers are the simpl
114. ic by defining def subjectline Annual Activity Report for Buckaroo Banzai Then this longer title will appear with the page number on all pages after the first 88 Letters Memos and Referee Reports 10 4 Referee Reports The referee format creates a document very much like a memo although there are some important differences Referee reports are supposed to be confidential so instead of printing the name of your organization at the top of the first page it puts the words Referee Report In the referee format you can use the same commands that are used in the memo format such as To and Date but if you use From a warning message will be printed on your screen This is only a warning it still does what it has been asked to do There are also some additional commands for the referee report format title The title of the paper being reviewed should follow this on the same line This is similar to Subj in the memo format author Prints AUTHOR and the name that follows on the same line authors Same as author for a paper with more than one author MSref Prints MANUSCRIPT and the manuscript reference number which follows Referee Report DATE 1 April 2001 TITLE T Xsis TeX Macros for Physicists AUTHORS E Myers and F E Paige MANUSCRIPT LP 3105 This is pretty good but it s too long for Phys ical Review Letters Figure 10 1 Sample Referee Report Letters Memo
115. ing labels With the default parameters nine labels each 1 in high are printed per column with the top and bottom rows left blank This can be changed and the alignment of the labels can be adjusted by setting appropriate values for the following dimensions fullHsize 8 500in hsize for label page fullVsize 9 999in vsize for label page lb1Hsize 2 833in width of standard label M1b1Vsize 1 000in height of standard label lblVoffset 0 100in vertical starting position lblHoffset 0 500in horizontal starting position Choosing appropriate values may require some experimentation with your printer and labels When the correct values are found they can be set in the file TXSsite tex before compiling the format see Appendix A Please note that earlier versions of T Xsis used formlabels rather than formLabels but the latter is now prefered Printing Envelopes Instead of printing mailing labels and then peeling these off to put them on envelopes it is possible to print addresses from your mailing list directly onto envelopes if your printer is capable of feeding envelopes To do this simply use formEnvelopes in place of formLabels Then each address is simply fed into a MakeEnvelope command To set the return name and address you can define theSigature and ReturnAddress as in this example texsis def theSignature Joe Rockhead XdefXReturnAddress Department of Physics n University of Delphi n Oracle UT 65432
116. ingle spaced Had the example been omitted the theorem and proof would have had the same mar gins and spacing as the rest of the text This theorem would be referred to in the text with Theorem Cauchy which gives Theorem 8 1 This should be sufficient in most cases but if necessary one can refer to theorem or lemma numbers with the primitive use type label where type is either Thm Lem respectively See Section 5 for more on the use of use Environments 67 8 4 Listing Computer Code The Listing environment can be used to display computer code or fragments of computer code The text is printed in tt type with line endings respected and every space counted You can still use TREX control sequences in this environment but many of the special characters like amp and are simply printable characters since they are used in languages like C _ and also lose any special meaning in this environment Since the curly brackets used by TFX are also used in C and other languages they are also simply characters in the Listing environment To perform grouping you should use bgroup and egroup The backslash is also used in C as an escape character so there has to be some way to print it you simply use thus n should be typed as n You end the listing environment with endListing As an example here is a very famous little program include lt stdio h gt main printf hello world n whic
117. it in single column mode The converse is not true typesetting text in double columns with automatic column balancing is a nontrivial task While the macros generally behave as intended more attention to the layout of the document is required and even then the macros will sometimes fail without some extra guidance It is not possible to divide three lines into two balanced columns In such cases you must rearrange text or the placement of figures and tables or explicitly select column or page breaks elsewhere in the document in order to give T Xsis some extra guidance on how best to format the page In order to use the double column formatting macros you must first specify the size of the columns with the command SetDoubleColumns c width The width and height of the full page are taken from the current settings of nsize and vsize while the width of each column is c width This re defines T X s output routine so it should be called shortly after you say texsis before any output is actually produced and it should only be called if double column output is to be produced SetDoubleColumns only sets the column dimensions and prepares the output routine for double column output at some point in the future it does not actually put you in double column mode Text will still be set in a single page wide column until you say doublecolumns After you say doublecolumns text will be set in double columns until you say enddoublecolu
118. ith the suppression of the indentation You can easily fix this by either moving your macro definitions elsewhere or putting in a noindent by hand By default chapter section and subsection numbers are printed with the titles and the chapter and section numbers are also attached to equation figure and table numbers in the form cc ss nn where cc is the chapter number ss the section number and nn the equation number The inclusion of the chapter and section numbers can be turned on or off with the commands showchaptIDtrue Display chapter numbers showchaptIDfalse Do not display chapter numbers showsectIDtrue Display section numbers showsectIDfalse Do not display section numbers Appendix and appendix give chapter like and section like appendices respectively The chapter or section number is replaced by a letter which is given as the first argument and the title which is the second argument is printed in the same format as a chapter or section title For example appendix A Review of Functional Integration The letter labeling the appendix is attached to the equation numbers if showchapt IDtrue or showsectIDtrue is used You can omit the letter by using an empty first argument as in 38 Typesetting Complete Papers appendix Leading logarithm approximation in which case the result is the same as setting showchaptIDfalse or showsectIDfalse A skip called sectionskip is used before the title of any sec
119. ition Alternatively you can create a different letterhead macro to actually print a letterhead at the top of the page The physics department at Excited State University could have a custom ESUletterhead macro which prints their logo and letterhead it should still take a phone number as an argument to make it easier to switch between ESUletterhead and letterhead These kind of custom macro definitions should be put in a local site file as described in Appendix A If a letter is somewhat too short or too long to fit on a page its length can be adjusted indirectly by changing the width of the text To do this insert letterwidth width im mediately after letter to set the width of the text Not only does this change the hsize to the size you specify but it also adjusts the margins and centers the text appropriately so it is preferable to simply changing the hsize A simple Unix shell script called letr is included with the current T Xsis distribution to make it easier to compose letters Saying letr m Hutu will create a template file Hutu tex if there is not already a file by that name and then start you editing the file It then automatically runs your file through TRXsis and the envelope file too if it exists see the next section The m flag which is optional should tell your printer to go into manual feed mode to wait for you to feed in your own stationary Manual feed mode is always selected for an envelope pri
120. ivalent to fullfigure in single column format endfigure Ends any of the figure insertions described above In all cases label is an internal label which is assigned to the figure number The figure number will include the chapter and section numbers in the format cc ss nn if showchaptIDtrue and showsectIDtrue have been selected The body of the figure can include any vertical mode commands as in the example above When you are simply leaving space for a figure to be glued in later a convenient way to specify the amount of space to leave is to vskip by some amount proportional to the width of the current column or page The dimension colwidth is the width of the page the hsize in single column mode and the width of the current column in double column mode So for example if you have a figure which was half again as tall as it is wide you could say vskip 1 5 colwidth Another way to standardize the space reserved for figures is to define your own dimension such as myfigsize to use in the vskip above For example newdim myfigsize myfigsize 1 5 colwidth and then vskip myfigsize This has the same effect as the previous example but myfigsize can be changed to any valid dimension 48 Figures and Tables 7 2 Encapsulated PostScript Graphics Instead of simply gluing figures into a paper by hand it is possible to have computer generated graphs and drawings automatically inserted into a document Unfortunately
121. lines Any variables used in the letter can be defined using V which is just an abbreviation for gdef Because V is simply gdef if you omit V from an address entry the value defined in a previous entry will be used If necessary variables can also be defined before the BL Each address in the mailing list is ended by EL End Letter When the EL is executed it reads in the file containing the text for the letter and actually produces the letter Any address in the list can be ignored simply by replacing the BL with IL Ignore Letter In particular this can be done by a simple global edit after each batch of letters is made and the same file can then be used to send a second mailing by changing IL back to BL for a select subset of addresses In earlier versions of T Xsis the formLetters command was called formletters The first is now prefered though the second will also be accepted Also as of T Xsis version 2 17 the form letter macros have actually been moved to the style file Formletr txs This style file is autoload ed so as long as you have that file on your system you should not notice a difference Letters Memos and Referee Reports 91 Mailing Labels The same address file can be used to produce mailing labels instead of letters simply by replacing formLetters with formLabels It is assumed that there are three columns of names and addresses to fit on standard photocopy machine mail
122. lines it may actually be better to use eqalign formula followed by EQN label For example in ENO Tents gt Wil t3 2Qisin Ow yp t3 Yushi Z i 3 9 e QibiqubiA the equation number is centered between the two lines of the equation which looks better This equation was produced using eqalign by typing eqalign cal L _ NC amp g over 2 cos theta_W sum_i bar psi_i t_ 3 i 2Q_i sin 2 theta_W gamma_ mu t_ 3 i gamma_ mu gamma_5 psi_i Z mu cr amp quad e sum_i Q_i bar psi_i gamma_ mu psi_i A mu cr EQN NC Closely related equations can be displayed together with the same equation number by following the label with a semicolon and a letter as already described above For example the set of equations V D 4np 3 10a 2 10B VxB gt 3 100 x c Ot V B 0 3 10c gt 4r gt 10D Vx H 3 10d c i c Ot is produced by typing EQNalign nabla cdot vec D amp 4 pi rho EQN EM a cr nabla times vec E amp 1 over c partial vec B over partial t EQN EM b cr nabla cdot vec B amp 0 EQN EM c cr nabla times vec H amp 44 pi over c vec J 1 over c partial vec D over partial t EQN EM d cr Equations 15 Note that the alignment of the equations is controlled by and cr not by the arrangement used when the equation was typed into the manuscript file Still it is recommended that you arrange lo
123. lines si a ela n a ee a An ee ee oe ea 100 12 42 85 BOXES So Sek AS ok EN ee PE A DE ee 100 12 4 3 Read the Code 101 Table of Contents v Appendices A Customization and Installation of T Xsis 4 102 Ale Customization sori e terri a ia a a RhoA a a Bat Sak A 102 A 1 1 Local Modifications oaoa a a a a 02000088 102 A 1 2 Site Modifications oaoa a a a a a a 102 A koa Patches a o is Os este ee a a ee Bete 103 A 2 Installation of TEXsis 2 AR RA A AA e ws 103 A 2 1 Quick Install for Unix and TEX 3 x 103 A 2 2 Detailed Installation e 104 Bs REVISIONS aan ba SP edo E E A A AA T 108 B 1 Revisions for Version 2 18 0 0 0 0 00 00004 108 B 2 Revisions for Version 2 17 2 000 eae 109 B 3 Revisions for Version 2 16 0 0 0 080008 110 B 4 Revisions for Version 2 15 0 0 000800008 111 B 5 Revisions for Version 2 14 0 020020202200 00084 112 B 6 Revisions for Version 2 18 2020202022 2000084 113 B 7 Revisions for Version 2 12 0 0 00202 0 000004 113 Cr Bont Tables tocas g co ny eit SS hang Ge age oe Se wt Oe Se ao elt a ie age okie Bretton 115 Acknowledgments Ri 23 44 BAR dee REGS SBR SE SES 116 References a a a hte coe AS ha a he AA kok 116 vi Table of Contents List of Tables Table 7 1 Charged leptons ev e EA A A wa Sk Table 7 2 Example of a ruled table AT amp T Common Stock
124. lled enumPoints which produces numbers of the form 77 77 kk You can also have the list printed in a standard outline format with a mixture of Roman numerals letters and Arabic numerals by saying enumOutline Doing so to the example above produces I Paragraph 1 A sub paragraph la i sub sub paragraph la i ii sub sub paragraph la ii B sub paragraph 1b C and so on II Paragraph 2 III and so on Unless enclosed within a group the enumPoints or enumOutline style selected remains in effect until it is changed The punctuation following the item number is enummark which by default is a period but which can be redefined by the user for example you can change it to rparen to obtain numbering of the form 2 enummark can also be used to change the spacing between the numbers and the text that follows A third enumeration style called enumNumOut line is also available Top level items are labeled by arabic numbers the level below by lower case roman letters and the level below that by lower case roman numerals With enumNumOutline the example above becomes 1 Paragraph 1 a sub paragraph la i sub sub paragraph la i ii sub sub paragraph la ii b sub paragraph 1b c and so on 2 Paragraph 2 3 and so on Environments 71 If you prefer a different style of enumeration you can create your own enumWhatever to use in place of enumPoint or enumNumOutline To do so copy the defi
125. loaded automatically whenever you run T Xsis in this directory If you run TRXsis from another directory these macros will not be loaded A 1 2 Site Modifications If a file called TXSsite tex exits in the current directory at the time the TfXsis format file is created see below then it is automatically read in at this time The purpose of this file is to allow you to add definitions and macros that are local to your computer installation For example in this file you would define the control word ORGANIZATION to give the name of your organization or institution ORGANIZATION is used at the top of memos and at the top of the title page of a preprint You might also put a customized letterhead macro in this file and you may well want to change the definition of LandscapeSpecial which controls how your laser printer is put into landscape mode Note that the file TXSsite tex is only read once when the TpXsis format file is created not every time TpXsis is run A prototype site file called TXSsite 000 is included in the standard distribution of TpXsis Customization and Installation of TRXsis 103 A 1 3 Patches T Xsis will also automatically read in a file called TXSpatch tex from the standard input path if it exists every time T Xsis is run This file should contain additions or corrections patches to TpXsis This patch file lets you correct minor problems or make minor changes to T Xsis without having to rebuild the f
126. material to be ignored or even several pages but with one important restriction All the curly brackets and must match in the text to be ignored If there is a with no closing in the commented text then TEX will skip the while searching for the closing Along the same lines is Ignore which will ignore everything following it up to endIgnore with the same restrictions above about matching grouping brackets The useful thing about these is that if an endIgnore is encountered before an Ignore then the endIgnore is simply ignored Is that too confusing What this means is that if you have a document with a large block of conditional text that you may or may not want included you can choose to include the text by simply removing or commenting out the Ignore If the block of conditional text looks like 98 Miscellaneous Macros unconditional text Ignore Having obtained these eigenvalues we would like to know their degeneracies For a given 1 the It is relatively easy to show that the number of independent components of such a tensor is 1N 1 choose 1 endIgnore more unconditional text then even if the block of text to be ignored spans many pages it can be restored simply by changing the Ignore to Ignore Then the Ignore is itself ignored and when TEX reaches the endIgnore this also does nothing The effect is the same as if these two commands were completely removed from the manuscript file
127. matically along with some other useful features Sometimes when several equations are closely related you will want to give the whole set the same equation number To distinguish separate formulae in such a group you then generally add a letter to the number You might for example have the equation J j m j i D lj m 3 6a Dirac Equations 13 and then a short while later you might have the related equation Jz j m m j m 3 6b These may be referred to together as Eqs 3 6 or may be referred to separately as Eqs 3 6a and 3 6b To get an equation number with a letter in it you still use EQN but you add the appropriate letter to the end of the label separated from the label by a semicolon The equations above were created by typing J 2 ket j m j 3 1 ket j m EQN eigen a and J_z ket j m The semicolon is not printed it is just used to separate the letter from the label If the letter is a then the next available equation number is used as usual but if the letter is anything else then the equation number is not incremented and instead the number from the previous equation is used You can use any sequence of letters you like although it is usually best to use a b c for consecutive equations m ket j m EQN eigen b To refer to equations that have both numbers and letters you can either use the letter to pick out a specific equation or simply leave out the lett
128. mic reactors 92 ATunlock 78 author 32 87 110 authors 33 34 87 111 autoload 77 89 autoparens 19 20 background 78 banner 30 31 34 baseline skip 8 baselineskip 109 begEnv 110 beginlines 73 begintt 73 bf 6 bgroup 67 bigitem 56 bigl 17 Bigr 17 bismuth 92 BL 89 b1 78 blockquote 65 body 82 85 88 book 32 40 41 75 bookpagenumbers 41 111 booktitle 21 bordermatrix 109 bottomfigure 45 63 bottominsert 44 45 93 108 bottomtable 50 boxes 99 bra 16 buildchar 17 bullets 68 bye 29 83 85 86 88 110 cadmium 92 cal 7 calligraphic script 7 camera ready 91 Caption 45 50 61 62 caption 45 50 60 62 cases 17 cc 82 83 86 center 64 centeredtables 55 centerline 49 50 ef 22 chapter 15 25 35 36 38 40 41 ChapterStyle 38 ChapterTitle 38 checkpoint 97 checkpoint 97 citations see references cite 24 25 27 108 109 citerange 24 citestyle 110 closing 82 84 cmsec 18 colorit 78 column break 94 colwidth 46 comment 96 97 compatibility Boldface page numbers are the defining entries with plain TEX 4 Contents 39 41 Contentsfalse 40 108 Contentstrue 40 108 corollaries 65 Corollary 66 Xcorollary 66 Cowan Ray F 51 CR 52 cr 15 51 52 59 Crayolas 79 crnorule 51 52 crpart 53 crrule 52 crthick 52 crule 53 cskip 53 csname 27 custom modificati
129. mind that when dealing with long equations which span both columns switch ing frequently between single and double columns will almost certainly cause trouble in balancing the double columns Also note that each separate piece of double column ma terial forms its own group so any definitions made inside that group will be forgotten outside it To avoid this problem put all definitions at the beginning of the paper before double column mode is begun Alternatively make your definitions global by using gdef rather than def Figures tables or other floating insertions can be inserted within a single column using the usual insertion commands of TEX and T Xsis topinsert midinsert pageinsert bottominsert or heavyinsert all of which are terminated as usual by endinsert A midinsert or heavyinsert will appear in the column where it is called for unless it won t fit in which case it migrates to the next column rather than all the way to the next page You can force an insertion into a particular column by placing within the insertion either forceleft or forceright Since insertions which have been forced into the left or right columns are handled separately an insertion which fails to fit on a page is moved to the same column of the next page and not just to the next column This means that if there are several figures per page then the figures can easily appear in the wrong order Also a topinsert which follows a wide equation o
130. mns This will cause the text collected so far to be put into two balanced columns of the same height You can if you desire return to double column mode at any later time by saying doublecolumns again and you can switch back and forth as much as you like However keep in mind that frequently switching between single and double columns will make it very difficult for T Xsis to choose good points to break columns and pages and you may get an error message warning you that a column cannot be balanced A simple example of the use of these double column commands is the following SetDoubleColumns 0 47 hsize doublecolumns tenpoint bf BISMUTH Ger it Weisse Masse white mass later it Wismuth and it Bisemutum Bi at wt 308 981 Double Column Output 93 at no 83 m p 271 3 circ C b p 1560 pm 5 circ C sp gr 9 747 20 Xcirc valence 3 or 5 bismuth was confused with tin and lead In early times Claude Geoffroy the Younger showed it to be distinct from lead High purity bismuth metal costs about 4 1b enddoublecolumns Here the column size is chosen to be slightly less than half of the hsize 0 47 times the hsize to allow some space called the gutter between the two columns The result is the following BISMUTH Ger Weisse Masse white mass later Wismuth and Bisemutum Bi at wt 308 981 at no 83 m p 271 3 C b p 1560 5 C sp gr 9 747 209 valence
131. mputer using T Xsis is as simple as using TFX or IATFX To run TeX with the TpXsis format to process a manuscript file called myfile tex you simply give the command texsis myfile As with any version of TeX the output from TFX is put in the file myfile dvi which you may view on your computer terminal or print on a laser printer or other output device Since TEXsis is a superset of plain TEX any file that you process with plain T X can be processed with TXsis and you will get the same results In particular plain T X defaults to 10 pt type and single spacing between lines and so does T Xsis unless you initialize its special features But since you are probably using TpXsis because of these special features you should begin your manuscript file with the initialization command texsis One of the things this command does is switch the output to 12 pt type double spaced which generally looks better on a small laser printer Commands that allow you to change the type size or line spacing yourself are described in Section 2 More specialized initial ization commands may be used in place of or in addition to the texsis command when you are using a pre defined document layout These are described in Section 9 Note also that just as in plain TEX there is a difference between uppercase and lowercase letters in control word names Thus if you say TeXsis instead of texsis you won t initialize any special features but you will print
132. mputer and oper ating system If you are installing a system wide version of T Xsis then you may want to review the appropriate documentation on how T X itself is installed on your system 1 Create a separate directory to hold the T Xsis files This is not strictly nec essary but it is strongly recommended since there are more than 70 files for the source code and documentation On a Unix machine we recommend using usr local share texmf tex texsis or usr local lib tex texsis de pending on where your other T X files are kept For a VMS system you should use a subdirectory of the main TEX directory whatever that happens to be On an IBM PC it is best to use a top level directory C TEXSIS on your hard disk rather than a subdirectory of C PCTEX to simplify backing up your files 2 Copy all of the TpXsis files into this directory The T Xsis source files all have names of the form TXSxxx tex and most of the documentation files have names TXSxxx doc TpXsis style files end with the extension txs There will also be several other files in your distribution of T Xsis such as texsis tex and Manual tex A complete list of the files can be found in a file called MANIFEST 3 Make any necessary changes in the source code You will probably want to copy the file TXSsite 000 to TXSsite tex and edit this file changing the definition of ORGANIZATION LandscapeSpecial and the letterhead macros On
133. n However caption should only be used when the caption is short Table captions are traditionally placed above the table so Caption or caption should be the first token after table label and its siblings There are a number of different kinds of table insertions and they match closely the different kinds of insertions used for figures table label Inserts a table at the top of next available page midtablef label Inserts a table at the current position if there is room or at the top of a page if necessary fulltable label Inserts a table on a separate page The body of the table should normally contain a vfill bottomtable label Inserts the table at the bottom of the current page if there is room for it or on the bottom of the next page where there is room 52 Figures and Tables heavytablef label Inserts a table at the current position if there is room for it on the page or at the bottom of the page following if there is not This is therefore like midtable except that if the table can t be fit on the page it ends up on the bottom of a following page not the top widetoptable label Inserts a table at the top of a page across both columns in double column format Equivalent to table in single column format widefulltablef label Inserts a full page table in double column format Equivalent to fulltable in single column format endtable Ends any of the tables above Agai
134. n in these macros label is an internal label which is assigned to the table number The table number will include the chapter and section numbers in the format cc ss nn if showchaptIDtrue and showsectIDtrue have been selected The table can then be referred to in the text by saying Tb1 label 7 4 Ruled Tables While halign in Plain TEX is convenient for making simple tables it is still difficult to make tables with horizontal and vertical rules Indeed typesetting ruled tables in TEX has often been likened to programming a computer in assembler language Even The TREX book acknowledges that people who know how to make ruled tables are generally known as TX Masters The macros described below take a great deal of the difficulty out of making ruled tables so that anybody can become a T X Master or at least a master of ruled tables The basic idea behind making a ruled table is similar to halign and the syntax is the same as the Princeton table macros known as TABLES TEX by Ray Cowan although the T Xsis macros are quite different internally and run about 5 times faster You begin the table material with ruledtable and end it with endruledtable The table material is a list of items to appear in the rows and columns of the tables Just as with halign you can separate items in different columns with amp and end a row with cr The amp alignment character separates columns without putting a vertical rule betwee
135. n a page will be placed after Double Column Output 95 the equation not at the top of the page Such problems can easily be corrected by moving the insertion to a better place in the manuscript file Besides putting insertions in one column or the other it is also sometimes desirable to be able to put an insertion across the full width of the page These wide inser tions can be made with wide versions of some of the the insertions already mentioned widetopinsert widepageinsert and widebottominsert there is no such thing as widemidinsert or wideheavyinsert These wide insertions behave just like their more conventional counterparts when in single column mode The standard T Xsis macros for table and figure insertions described in Section 7 3 use topinsert and cousins and so make insertions within a single column in double column format There are also macros to make two column wide tables and figures widetable label Insert a two column wide table with the tag label at the top of the current page widef igure label Insert a two column wide figure with the tag label at the top of the current page widetopfiguref label A synonym for widefigure widefulltablef label Insert a two column wide full page table with the tag label widefullfigure label Insert a two column wide full page figure with the tag label These also behave correctly in single column document formats
136. n the columns while cr ends a line and puts a thin horizontal rule under it To get a vertical rule between columns replace the amp with a the vertical line and to end a line without a horizontal rule under it replace the cr with crnorule One important thing to remember is to end the last line in the table with endruledtable instead of cr Figures and Tables 53 As a first example here is a simple ruled table Year World Population 8000 B C 5000000 50 B C 200000000 1650 A D 500000000 1850 A D 1000000000 1945 A D 2300000000 1980 A D 4400000000 and here are the instructions that created it ruledtable Year World Population cr 8000 B C 7775000000 crnorule 750 B C 200000000 crnorule 1650 A D 500000000 crnorule 1850 A D 1000000000 crnorule 1945 A D 2300000000 crnorule 1980 A D 4400000000 endruledtable This example also appears in The TpXbook on page 246 where it is typeset using halign Compare how the two are constructed and see which way you think is easier By default each item in the table is centered in its column Inside a table the tie character takes up the space of exactly one digit it is the same as saying phantom 0 and this has been used to line up the digits of the entries in both columns It is also possible to change the definition of the TableItem macro so that each entry in each column is left or right justified This is described a
137. n when using a document format which does not print page numbers such as the nuclproc or NorthHollandTwo camera ready formats The date time stamp can help you tell later drafts from earlier versions of the same document draft sets eqnotracetrue so that equations are marked with their internal labels in the right margin next to the equation number as described in Section 3 Other kinds of errors such as trying to use undefined labels for citations equations are also marked in the right hand margin draft also sets Noverfullrule 1em so that over full hboxes are marked with a black box Without draft initializing TpXsis with texsis sets Noverfullrule 0pt so that over full hboxes don t get these kinds of marks while with plain TFX you do get these marks 12 2 Ignoring blocks of text Sometimes you d really like to take out a whole paragraph or an even larger section of a document but only temporarily and you don t want to actually delete it from the manuscript file Recalling that in TEX everything on a line following the comment character 4 is discarded you could put a on each line to be ignored but that could be a lot of work Instead you can use comment The syntax is comment anything in here is ignored Everything between the and the is completely ignored By removing the Xcomment and the the text can easily be restored to its previous state You can include several paragraphs of text in the
138. nd of document 61 nonstandard placement 62 ruled see ruled tables simple 50 TablesLast 61 TablesNow 61 tablespace 56 57 tablewidth 55 56 tabskip 110 tag 27 28 Tbf 7 32 38 tbf 7 38 Tb1 51 TechRpt 114 tenpoint 6 8 tenss 7 XTeV 18 TEX typing examples 72 TeX capacity exceeded sorry 62 The TpXbook 1 2 4 11 44 50 53 55 73 82 122 TeXexample 72 73 TeXquoteoff 72 TeXquoteon 72 73 TeXsis 3 texsis 3 6 19 31 38 91 96 110 111 Text 85 text 88 theBlank 99 Theorem 66 theorem 65 theorems 65 thermocouple 92 theSigature 90 thesis 32 40 41 74 75 76 77 109 thesis txs 76 thicksize 52 thinsize 52 tightbox 99 TightTables 56 title 32 41 87 110 Title bold face 7 titlepage 32 34 To 85 toappear 33 TOCwrite 40 today 82 85 topinsert 44 45 93 94 111 topspace 98 Tr 18 tr 18 TrailingSpaces 59 triplespaced 8 56 TrueDoubleSpacing 8 109 tstrut 56 tt 6 72 twelvepoint 6 8 twelvess 7 twentyfourpoint 6 111 twentypoint 6 111 Boldface page numbers are the defining entries twin page output 80 twincsize 81 twinformat 80 twinhsize 81 twinout 80 81 twinprint 81 twinvsize 81 type sizes 6 typestyles 6 underlines 99 undertext 99 107 undump 105 unexpandedwrite 110 units 18 unobeylines 98 unobeyspaces 98 use 24 2
139. needed in in line equations math expressions which are not displayed equations because autoparens only applies to displayed equations not in line math text Previous versions of T Xsis used the control sequence onparens to provide automatic parentheses sizing in all math mode expressions While you can still use this we do not encourage it since it may cause problems with other uses of these characters References and Citations 21 4 References and Citations T Xsis includes instructions for making citations to the literature in the text of a document References are processed in the standard format used by many American physics journals they are automatically assigned consecutive numbers as they appear in the text and are listed in numerical order at the end of the document In the text a citation appears as a superscript number corresponding to the reference cited though other methods of citation are possible see Section 4 4 When each reference is defined it is given a label which is associated with the number assigned to the reference Subsequent citations to the same reference are made using this label so there is no need to know the particular number assigned to the reference Indeed the number may change as the document goes through editing and revision but the references will still automatically be in the correct order 4 1 Entering References TE Xsis is flexible enough that the text of the references may be ent
140. ng topinsert midinsert or pageinsert begins a floating insertion ended by endinsert which will appear somewhere on the current page or a following page Mate rial entered with a topinsert appears at the top of the current page if there is room for it or at the top of the next page where there is room A midinsert attempts to insert the text into the current page right where it is invoked but if the insertion won t fit it becomes a topinsert Saying pageinsert creates an insertion which takes up a whole page by itself In TpXsis you can also say bottominsert to make a floating insertion that will appear at the bottom of the current page if it will fit or at the bottom of the next page where it will fit There is also heavyinsert which like midinsert tries first to insert the material into the current page right where it is called but in this case becomes a bottominsert if the material wont fit 7 1 Figures TEX is designed for technical typesetting but does not include a graphics standard so to include a figure or drawing in a document it is necessary to leave blank space and to either glue the drawing in later or to arrange for the figure material to be inserted by some mechanism outside of TFX when the page is actually printed e g using the special command or the epsfbox command described later Imagine that you wish to insert into the text a drawing of a penguin diagram which is about 6 cm tall You could cr
141. ng sets of equations like these in some sort of clear pattern when you type them This will both reduce errors when the equation is typed and make it easier for you to read the file when you are looking at it later Remember TEX ignores all spaces and tabs when it reads material for equations or displayed equations EQNdoublealign is similar to EQNalign but makes equations with two alignment tabs For example EQNdoublealign sigma_i 2 amp 1 EQN Pauli a cr sigma_i sigma_j sigma_j sigma_i amp 0 qquad amp i ne j EQN Pauli b cr sigma_i sigma_j amp i sigma_k qquad i j k rm cyclic EQN Pauli c cr produces of 1 3 11a 0 05 0505 0 i j 3 11b 0 0j isk i j k cyclic 3 11c with both the equal signs and the parentheses aligned The second is required in the first line because without it the EQN would have aligned the equation number with the parentheses enclosing i 7 Plain TX also lets you display formulae on several lines without any alignment by using displaylines With T Xsis you can use the similar control sequence EQNdisplaylines to get an automatically assigned equation number for any line in such a display The pattern is the same as in displaylines but you simply insert EQN label in front of the cr on the line you want numbered EQNdisplaylines produces less space between the equations than would result from typing them separately and generally look
142. nging the parameters EnvlWidth EnvlHeight and ENvlVoffset The default values are newdimen EnvlWidth EnvlWidth 24cm newdimen EnvlHeight EnvlHeight 10 5cm newdimen EnvlVoffset EnvlVoffset 1 25in The actual printing of the envelope is done by the macro MakeEnvelope which takes two arguments The first is the address while the second is the return address Line endings in either are respected or you can use n to cause a line break Saying withEnvelope simply causes a MakeEnvelope command to be written to the env file when you say endletter or bye You can edit that file before your run it through TpXsis if you don t like the form of the address or return address Alternatively withEnvelope will use the two macros theSignature and ReturnAddress to construct the return address The default value for theSignature is taken to be the name appearing after the closing salutation below closing If you want to change it to something else you should include a new definition after the closing using gdef For example closing Sincerely yours Joe User gdef theSignature Joe s Mamma This would use Joe s Mamma as the name on the return address even though Joe User would appear in the closing of the letter 86 10 3 Memos Letters Memos and Referee Reports Saying memo sets up a special format for memoranda including a header at the top of the page with the name of your organization and the word
143. nition of enumPoints or one of its brothers along with the comments that go with them from the file TXSenvmt tex into a file called TXSmods tex see Appendix A and then make the appropriate changes as described in those comments 8 5 3 Lists Labeled by Text description is used to create a list of words or other items labeled by some text The syntax is description sample text itm label 1 Paragraph 1 itm label 2 Paragraph 2 itm enddescription The argument sample text is not printed but its length is used to determine the in dentation for the labels on the items so it should be the longest item followed by some extra space For example the descriptions of the flush and centered environments at the beginning of this section of the manual were typeset with description flushright qquad itm cS center Center each line itm CS flushleft Set each line flush left itm CcS flushright Set each line flush right enddescription since flushright is the longest of the three items CS is a special macro defined for this manual for printing control sequence names Each item in the list is separated by a parskip just as in itemized or enumerated lists If the label text for an item comes out wider than the space allowed the text will usually be broken into several lines so that it will fit in the indented margin if this is possible Saying singlelinetrue will instead put the la
144. nserted with the n command This will also break the line in the title when it appears in the table of contents If running headlines are being used see Section 6 6 then only the first part of the title up to the n will be used for the running headline You can always reset the headline by hand with setHeadline see Section 6 6 You can customize the behavior of the section making macros by adding your own definitions for the macros everychapter everysection everysubsection everysubsubsection which are called immediately before making the corresponding division of the document or for the macros afterchapter aftersection aftersubsection aftersubsubsection which are called immediately afterwards By default all of these macros do nothing As an example if you wanted every section to begin on a new page and you wanted numbered footnotes created by NFootnote to start over counting from one at the begining of each section you could define Typesetting Complete Papers 39 def everysection vfill supereject footnum 0 The full text of the title of the current chapter section and subsection is saved in ChapterTitle SectionTitle and SubsectionTitle so that you may do whatever you want with these later in the chapter or section An example of how these might be used with aftersubsection to change the running headlines is given in Section 6 6 Another way you can control the results produced by chapter and s
145. nted by letr Keep in mind that this only works on Unix and the script has to be executable and exist in your path Ask a local wizard for help if you don t know what this means If you can t put stationary in your printer you can copy it onto stationary with a copying machine Letters Memos and Referee Reports 85 10 2 Envelopes Many laser printers can print on envelopes as long as you arrange to put the address and return address in the right place and print the material in landscape mode turned 90 on the page The simplest way to do this is to simply say withEnvelope at the beginning of your file after the letter When you run your letter through TRXsis it will then create a file with the same name but an extension of env which contains the commands to print the envelope Run that file through TpXsis and print the output in landscape mode and you will get your envelope If you are using dvips the appropriate command is dvips m t landscape myfile dvi 4 The t landscape rotates the output while the m puts the printer in manual feed mode so that you can feed in the envelope You will have to figure out how your printer wants the envelopes to be fed to it Some take the envelope down the middle while others want it over to one side or another You can adjust for different envelope sizes or shift the position of the printing over a bit to make it easier to feed in the envelope by cha
146. o enclose the address Or if you don t want the person s name used at all simply redefine addressee to be empty like so gdef addressee The use of some of these macros is illustrated by the following example texsis letter dated 1 April 1999 letterhead 7734 address Prof D Knuth Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 gdef addressee Knuth the TeX God body Dear Prof Knuth We enclose the documentation and source code for a TeX macro package which we have developed for physics papers closing Sincerely yours Eric Myers Frank E Paige ps This stuff is also available by anonymous ftp endletter By default the closing material is indented about 3 5 inches The actual amount is set by Longindent which you can change You should put the change on the same line as the closing like so closing longindent Opt Sincerely yours Joe User 84 Letters Memos and Referee Reports This example puts the closing material flush with the left margin You should not put longindent 0pt on the line following because closing uses that line as the closing salutation like Sincerely The default letterhead created by letterhead is pretty plain it just puts the date and phone number at the top of the page The idea is that you can put your own office letterhead stationary in the printer and when you print the letter on this paper the date and phone number will be in an appropriate pos
147. o the standard TpXsis distribution and included docu mentation for epsfbox and related macros Section 7 The macros for making lists of figures and tables have been improved along the lines of the new table of contents macros Section 10 Modified formletters to have a complete letterhead macro or even more complicated things as one of the arguments rather than just the phone number This allows you to create more complicated letterheads Note also that the order of arguments is now reversed from what it was previously The first argument is the letterhead stuff it gets done before the address and the second argument is the name of the text file it controls what is printed after the address Section 11 Introduced longequation and endlongequation for equations which span both columns The definitions of these can vary from style to style so they may or may not include a leftcolrule and rightcolrule Section 12 Added this section to the manual to explain miscellaneous useful macros which don t fit anywhere else Section 12 Added Ignore and endIgnore to ignore large blocks of text This is slightly more clever than comment which remains available 112 Revisions B 5 Revisions for Version 2 14 Section 2 TrueDoubleSpacing generates a document with 2 times the normal spac ing in contrast to doublespaced which gives 1 5 times the normal spacing Section 3 Fixed a bug in bordermatrix Section 4 An error which
148. o use and the most well thought out and b is potentially available to the widest group of users Our choice is first to use a specific variation of PostScript known as Encapsulated PostScript EPS Most newer computer programs which produce graphics output including Mathematica xfig and paw can produce EPS output files To include these in the text we have chosen to rely on the program dvips by Tomas Rokicki along with his TFX macros for including EPS graphics called epsf tex Be warned that there are other programs called dvips but as far as we know only Rokicki s version will work with epsf tex We expect that when including drawings in T X is standardized it will be based on Rokicki s scheme or something close to it To include EPS graphics in a document using the epsf tex macros you must first input the macros Somewhere early in your manuscript file you should put input epsf tex You can have the macros report the size of a figure when it is included by saying epsfverbosetrue At the point where you want a graph or drawing included you simply say epsfbox foo ps This will include the drawing from the file called foo ps which must already exist in the current directory TFX will leave enough room for the figure by creating a box of the correct size and will use a special command to insert instructions into the DVI file telling the DVI to PS translator to read in the EPS file foo ps Figures and
149. occurred if endreference was followed by additional text on the same line has been fixed Section 4 Extra space is now inserted after a reference number which follows a period Section 4 refrange can now be used with reference or cite the correct numbers and ranges separated by commas are printed Section 8 The internal spacing mechanism for environments has been modified to work with arbitrary Nbaselineskip and parskip values Some minor changes have been made to the center and flush environments Section 8 The Listing environment has been modified so that the characters 13 amp O Hand are just ordinary printable characters and so that gives a printed Section 8 startenv and endenv to begin and end environments have been replaced with begEnv and endEnv which are accessible to the user because the do not have in their names Section 7 4 The ruledtable macros can now use tabskip glue to produce a table of arbitrary width Spacing of the tables has been improved and made more robust Section 6 3 addsectioncont has been replaced with addTOC i e add to Table Of Contents The new macro is simpler and produces better looking output Section 6 3 Spacing such as singlespaced placed after the texsis initialization now sets the spacing for the entire document the explicit spacing commands in abstract etc have been removed Section 6 3 A macro setSectionID has been added to allow one to place a
150. on References equations figures tables etc all produce their numbers in this way Each of the TfXsis macros which uses labels attaches to the label a unique prefix identifying the kind of object labeled These objects and the corresponding prefixes are shown in Table 5 1 Because of these prefixes the same label can be used for different kinds of objects For example the name Witten can be used as a label for an equation and as a reference since their internal labels are Eq Witten and Ref Witten respectively and in reality the names are bracketed by characters The prefixes are automatically inserted by TEXsis macros like Eq and cite At the most primitive level you can always associate a label with some value by saying tag label value You can then reference the value whatever it is by its name using the command use label In this case if there is to be a prefix in the label you must put it in explicitly Thus to say just the number of the equation labeled Newton without any parentheses or anything you would say use Eq Newton To get the number of the reference labeled Knuth you would say use Ref Knuth which produces 1 because Knuth is the label of the first document we referenced in this manual and Ref is the prefix used for references One particularly useful way to use tag and use is to refer to a topic which is discussed on some other page in the document On the page you w
151. ons 101 customization chapters and sections 37 Date 85 dated 82 db1 52 59 def 93 Def inition 66 definition 66 degree 16 degrees 16 del 16 description 68 71 diag 18 dimensions 17 disclaimer 33 displaylines 15 distance between lines 8 Distribution 86 Doob Michael 24 double columns 91 figures and tables 94 insertions 93 long equations 92 doublecolumns 75 91 92 93 94 doublespaced 8 56 109 draft 12 29 96 119 dump 104 DVI file 47 dvips 47 48 81 earth 17 107 egroup 67 EL 89 elevenpoint 6 Encapsulated PostScript see PostScript Encl 83 86 end 27 endauthor 110 endauthors 33 35 endblockquote 65 endCaption 45 62 endcsname 27 enddescription 68 enddoublecolumns 75 91 92 93 94 endenumerate 68 endEnv 110 endexample 65 endfigure 46 endIgnore 96 endinsert 44 93 enditemize 68 69 endletter 83 85 88 endListing 67 endlongequation 92 93 95 109 endmemo 86 endproof 65 66 endreference 21 23 109 endreferencelist 23 endruledtable 51 endstat 97 endtable 51 endtheorem 65 endtitle 32 110 endtitlepage 32 76 enumerate 68 69 enummark 70 enumNumOutline 70 71 enumOutline 70 enumPoint 71 enumPoints 70 71 EnvlHeight 84 ENvlVoffset 84 Boldface page numbers are the defining entries 120 EnvlWidth 84 Ep 11 eprint 31 EPS file 47 48 epsfbox 44
152. ontents is created simply by saying Contents If your docu ment is divided into chapters like a book the table of contents should appear on a page with a Roman numeral page number which is obtained by setting pageno to a negative value For example book document format for a book input Chapt1 input chapters vfill supereject eject last page including figures pageno 3 print on pages iii iv nosechead Contents label TOC without section tt Contents generate table of contents The table of contents is usually printed at the end of the document so that all the page numbers are correct You then simply move these pages to the front of the document by Typesetting Complete Papers 41 hand Alternately you can say Contents at the beginning of your document to read in the table of contents file produced by a previous run of T Xsis although then you must process the document twice to be sure that the page numbers are correct It is important to note that nothing is written to the table of contents file unless Contentstrue is set The default for most documents is Contentsfalse since one usually does not want a table of contents for a short paper or a memo or a letter The exceptions are book and thesis which automatically set Contentstrue In any case if you want a table of contents you can explicitly state Contentstrue While an entry in the table of contents is created by chapter or section no entry i
153. or I II III The title is printed in Tbf type at the top of a new page Typesetting Complete Papers 37 appendix label H title Begins a section like appendix labeled by the letter label gen erally A B C or I II III The title is printed in tbf type nosechead title The title is typeset like a subsection headline but without a subsection number This is suitable for acknowledgments lists of references and such The title appears at the top of the section or subsection left justified in the appropriate typestyle for the document type and with an appropriate amount of vertical spacing below These and other details of the layout vary with the document format In general chapter is appropriate mainly for books or theses the manual you are reading now uses only section and subsection divisions As you may have noticed from this manual the first paragraph of a section or subsection is not indented This is the usual practice for most well designed books though it may seem odd at first It isn t that strange if you think of the indentation of a paragraph as a way to mark a separation between paragraphs rather than as a way to mark the beginning of a paragraph But if you really want to indent that first paragraph just begin it with par On the other hand if you put any kind of commands or macro definitions between the section or subsection and the first paragraph then this will interfere w
154. ormat file Whenever we find a problem with T Xsis we try to correct it as soon as possible To make the correction available to users before the next version of TRXsis is released we issue patch files containing the corrections The most current patch file should always be available at ftp ftp texsis org texsis or in macros texsis on any CTAN server A 2 Installation of TpXsis To use T Xsis or any large macro package effectively you should run the initex program to create a pre compiled format The general method of doing this is machine independent but the specific commands depend on the operating system on your computer This appendix gives the appropriate commands for running initex and installing TRXsis on a computer running UNIX a VAX or Alpha running VMS and for an IBM PC running PCT EX under MS DOS We assume that you are familiar with the operating system and that T X and the Plain format have already been installed Notes on how to install TRXsis on other kinds of machines such as Atari or Apple computers or on Linux are available on the TpXsis ftp server ftp ftp texsis org texsis VMS users should note that TpXsis is also available with the latest release of DECUS TeX and much of the installation work has already been done or can be done almost automatically You may want to get this version from CTAN rather than the raw distribution from the TeXsis ftp site If you are installing from the DECUS distribution
155. ould count the columns and any vertical rules because the rules are also columns of the halign 54 Figures and Tables Table 7 2 Another example of a ruled table You Table 7 2 is another sample table again taken from The TeX book Something impor tant to notice is that the last ruled table example didn t have a table number or a caption while this one does That s because the last example was created using just ruledtable while this example is inside of table The point is that table and ruledtable do separate things and can be used either separately or together table creates the space for the table and gives it a caption and a number while ruledtable actually constructs the body of the ruled table The instructions that created Table 7 2 are tablef example II caption Another example of a ruled table singlespaced ruledtable nultispan3 hfil AT amp T Common Stock hfil CR Year dbl Price Dividend cr 1971 dbl 41 54 2 60 cr 7772 dbl 41 54 2 70 cr 7773 dbl 46 55 2 87 cr 774 dbl 40 53 3 24 cr 7775 dbl 45 52 3 40 cr 6 dbl 51 59 7 95 endruledtable endtable Sometimes it is desirable to have rules across only some of the columns of a table In this case put crule in the columns that are to have rules cskip in the columns where no rules are desired and end the line with crpart which signals that the line contains a partial rule The column heading
156. p server If you have such a file or other macros you would like to contribute send us e mail at texsis texsis org 9 2 Creating New Styles It is very easy to create a new document style and style file By convention TpXsis style files end with the filename extension txs so all you need to do is put the definitions and macros defining this new document style into such a file and then read that file in when beginning the document For example suppose you create a style file called mine txs which contains a document style called mystyle which is a slightly altered version of paper def mystyle paper hsize dimen vsize dimen showsectIDfalse You could then simply read in this file at the beginning of the document with input and then invoke mystyle like so input mine txs mystyle However you may have noticed that none of the special document styles mentioned in Section 9 1 were actually loaded with input although they are in fact read from a style file This was done using the autoload command Saying autoload AIPproceeings AIP txs defines AIPproceeings to be a simpler instruction which if invoked automatically loads the style file AIP txs which contains the real definition of AIPproceedings After the style file has been loaded this real AIPproceedings is automatically called It then appears as if the definition of the macro was in T Xsis s memory all the time though it really was only lo
157. r In the ragged centering environment each line is made as long as possible and the successive lines are centered endraggedcenter Environments 65 produces In the ragged centering environment each line is made as long as possible and the successive lines are centered Note that raggedcenter does not hyphenate words 8 2 Simple Examples and Quoted Text The example environment can be used to display an example of something in a way that sets it off from the main text The indentation of an example is the same as in the list environments see Section 8 5 4 The text in an example will be single spaced even if the rest of the document is double spaced End this environment with endexample An example of the use of Nexample is example Physics is not a finished logical system Rather at any moment it spans a great confusion of ideas some that survive like folk epics from the heroic periods of the past and other that arise like utopian novels from our dim premonitions of a future grand synthesis endexample which produces Physics is not a finished logical system Rather at any moment it spans a great confusion of ideas some that survive like folk epics from the heroic periods of the past and other that arise like utopian novels from our dim premonitions of a future grand synthesis Another example of example is given in the next subsection as an example of the theorem environment Since one of the uses of
158. r References to tables defined later in the paper are satisfied using the aux file so TOPTABLE etc are no longer needed The old names remain as synonyms but their use is discouraged 114 Revisions Section 7 3 ruledtable and many associated macros have been added to make com plex ruled tables including those with entries spanning more than one column Tablebody is still available but the new macros are much more flexible and should be used instead Section 7 3 New macros have been added to list figures and tables Section 9 New formats have been added WorldScientific and IEEEreduced make conference proceedings in World Scientific format and in IEEE format at 75 of full size referee is based on the memo format and can be used for referee reports slides uses large type to make transparencies for overhead projectors and similar material Section 9 An authors macro for papers with multiple authors and facilities for putting footnotes on titles have been added Section 9 bookpagenumbers causes odd page numbers to be placed in the upper right corner and even ones in the upper left corner Additional information on headlines is given Section 10 The form letter macros have been rewritten The syntax is the same except that v has been replaced by XV to avoid conflict with the Plain T X accent Also XV now also works with Xformlabels Section 10 The new referee format is described Section 11 The double column
159. r Codec vag ede ok Ewa be Sooke ek eee eek 67 8 5 List Environments 2 0 0 0 e a 68 gol Wtbemized lists te se ae a a a we Ok we ao ae Be O i 68 8 5 2 Enumerated lists 2 e 69 8 5 3 Lists Labeled by Text 204 dd do 71 8 5 4 Spacing of List Environments 72 8 6 TEX example macros e oe res a A A ee Py 72 9 Style Files and Specialized Formats ooa a eae 74 9 1 Specialized Document Styles iaa o a e 74 9 1 1 Physical Review Formats a A es 76 9 1 2 Thesis or Dissertation Format 76 On Creating New Styles E pa s AA e e aa taa TT 9 3 Overhead Transparencies Slides 0 e a 78 9 4 Color PostScript Output Lan he a a A eS 78 9 5 Twin Page Output igo 2 oss ote ale ee ee gk ea Psfor kOe et Rok Sk Sek 80 10 Letters Memos and Referee Reports 2 5 82 LOM Getters s ti ewes ot es ee et Bae eet A ee ns hd Ge oe ee GD a 82 10 2 Envelopes 5 soip Be AA Be ha ey on ep ne oh He i 85 10 37 Memos ci cae ne ME AT a BP eo ee do Ry ae E 86 10 4 Referee Reports oi 4 4 0 a Ree O ee eS eS 88 10 5 Form Letters socs nnr 2 ee a 89 11 Double Column Output per Dira Laos PRP Be eee ek 92 12 Miscellaneous Macros 97 T2 or A A A A 97 12 2 Tororne blocks OF text 0 oe cos o k e e a Eas 97 12 3 GCheckp int Restart eos bP ds de e SS RE a he eS 98 12 4 Other Goodies oani a Sod ee ees Wo ee we a Le 99 19 4 1 Under
160. rent macro to display these results and then invoke that macro inside the environment For example in this manual we have sometimes inserted meta construc tions showing where to insert a particular piece of text by using a meta macro which encloses its argument in angle brackets see the example immediately above But in a TeXexample you cannot say meta TeX stuff because the and are no longer grouping characters Instead you could define the temporary macro tmp as def tmp meta TeX stuff and then inside the TeXexample environment simply type tmp to insert the phrase TeX stuff The indentation and spacing of the TeXexample environment are controlled by the same parameters that control the indentation of the list environments as described in Sect 8 5 4 The general method used by all of these macros to turn off T X s usual mechanism for interpreting special characters is discussed in The T Xbook p 421ff The begintt and beginlines macros described there are included in T Xsis for complete ness 74 Style Files and Specialized Formats 9 Style Files and Specialized Formats Section 6 described the basic layout of a T Xsis document and the paper preprint Manuscript and book macros for typesetting simple documents It is often necessary to modify the details of the layouts for such documents particularly when submitting camera ready manuscripts for conference proceedings Since
161. ript number or number in brackets in the output Finally to print the list of references simply say ListReferences as usual This just lists the references it s up to you to provide any heading or extra space before the list Once you have set up your document this way the only additional thing you have to do is run the BIBI X program Before you do run your manuscript file through TpXsis once It will complain about undefined references but it will also produce a list of the papers you cited in order in the aux file Then run BIBTEX like so bibtex myjob This uses the information in the aux file and extracts the references in the proper order and with the proper TpXsis reference commands into the file myjob bb1 the extension means bibliography list Finally run TpXsis again This time since the bb1 file exists it is read in as a referencelist when the ReferenceFiles command is executed Now all of your citations will be properly defined with no complaints Just remember to run the BIBTEX program again if you add or delete citations or change their order 28 Labels and Tags 5 Labels and Tags One of the most useful features of T Xsis is that it automatically numbers things like equations and references and lets you refer to these things by means of symbolic names or labels This section explains how to get the most use out of this labeling mechanism 5 1 Tagging Here is a rough outline of how la
162. s and Referee Reports 89 The text of the report should begin with text or body just as for a memo and the whole document should end with endmemo or bye An example of the referee report format is given by the following referee date 1 April 1999 title TeXsis TeX Macros for Physicists authors E Myers and F E Paige MSref LP 3105 text This is pretty good but it s too long for Physical Review Letters bye This produces a report which looks something like Fig 10 1 10 5 Form Letters The formLetters layout makes it simple to send identical or similar letters to a list of people The body of the form letter is stored in one file using the standard TpXsis letter format while the control commands and a list of addresses are put in a second file The body of the letter should begin with body and end with endletter and it can contain an arbitrary number of control sequences defined for each recipient It can make use of all the features of the letter format For example the letter body might contain the following body Dear Whoever if P Job I wish to apply for a postdoctoral position else if F Job I wish to apply for a faculty position else I wish to apply for a postdoctoral or faculty position fi fi at your institution Enclosed you will find my curriculum vitae a list of publications and closing Sincerely yours Joe Postdoc Encl Publication list Curriculum vita endletter
163. s are not respected instead the list of authors is divided into lines as evenly as possible and each line is centered and printed in Roman type End with endauthors institution symbol address Prints the symbol and the institution address centered on a line A medskip is placed before the first address to separate the names and addresses institution should be placed after the author list but before endauthors to work correctly abstract Begins the abstract The word ABSTRACT is centered above the abstract The left and right margins are brought in relative to the text of the paper End with endabstract pacs codes Prints the PACS Physics and Astronomy Classification Scheme codes on the title page submitted Journal Prints the phrase Submitted to Journal centered on the page with the name of the journal printed in s1 type toappear Journal Similar to submitted this prints the phrase To appear in Journal on the title page with the name of the journal printed in s1 type disclaimer contract Prints a standard DOE disclaimer for contract number contract printed in 10 pt type as a footnote The advantage to entering the title page material this way is that if you change the overall document format either from paper to preprint or to one of the more specialized formats described in Section 9 then the title page material will automatically be changed to match the documen
164. s better for closely related equations All of the equation alignment macros are special cases of the plain TEX macro halign Therefore if necessary the vertical spacing can be adjusted by inserting noalign vskip dimen where dimen can be either a positive or a negative dimension In a long document there are several different ways to number the equations You could just start at 1 and count up for each new equation but sometimes it is better to number the equations consecutively within each chapter or section of a document In TpXsis the default form for an equation number is cc ss nn where cc stands for the chapter number ss is the section number and nn is the equation number within that section Whenever you move to a new section or chapter using section or chapter as described in Section 6 3 the number ss or cc is incremented by one and the number nn is reset to one If you are not 16 Equations using chapter divisions in your document then the chapter number cc is not made a part of the equation number and the number nn is reset only at the beginning of a section If you are not using section divisions in your document then the section number ss is not made a part of the equation number and the number nn is reset to one only at the beginning of a chapter If you use neither chapter nor section divisions in your document then neither the chapter number cc nor the section number ss will be made a part of the equation numb
165. s created by saying printed in the tt bs FootFont typestyle NFootnote This is an example P 10 Type Sizes Type Styles and Line Spacing 2 4 Automatic Quote Balancing One of the differences between typing and typesetting is the way in which quote marks are handled On a typewriter you would simply use the non oriented double quote mark both to begin and end the quoted material In typesetting however quoted text begins with a left quote mark and ends with a right quote mark To produce these in TFX you have to type two single quote marks either or This is not very difficult to do but unless you have an editing program which does it for you it is easy to forget and use the double quote marks instead With T Xsis that s okay If you say quoteon then the next time a double quote mark comes along it will be translated into a left quote mark The double quote mark after that will become a right quote mark and so on so that material enclosed in double quote marks will be typeset correctly All you have to do is remember to use the double quote marks in pairs In some special cases you may not want TRXsis to be so smart about double quotes You can turn this feature off by saying quoteoff The default though once you have said texsis is quoteon Equations 11 3 Equations Plain TFX was designed to make it easy to typeset equations and mathematical formulae T Xsis provides addi
166. s in Table 7 3 are an example of partial rules in a table That table was created with the commands 14 table SiHC1 caption singlespaced tenpoint ruledtable vctr Molecule vctr Region Radius vctr alpha _ rm HF multispan 2 1_ rm max crnorule cskip cskip cskip cskip crule crule crpart au initial state final state CR Figures and Tables 55 Table 7 3 Parameters used in the MS Xa calculations for the chlorosilane molecules H SiCl _x x 0 4 Molecule Region Radius Imax initial state outersphere Si A 7 outersphere Si Cl H SiH2Cl gt outersphere 0 7295 Si 0 7275 Cl 0 7233 H 0 7772 outersphere 0 7360 Si 0 7275 Cl y 0 7233 outersphere Si Bmw Aly w Ble ww ele yan Ww N 0 So 0 IN A A Iv ww niw w siC1 _4 outersphere 6 21 0 7238 4 7 crnorule Si 2 20 0 7275 2 3 crnorule Cl 2 40 0 7233 2 3 endruledtable endtable Ruled tables are normally centered on the page but you can turn off the centering with noncenteredtables Then the table becomes just another piece to add to a horizontal list One thing this lets you do is have two tables side by side on the page like so Data 111 Data 222 Item ABC Item DEF Data 333 Data 444 Item GHI Item JKL Data 555 Data 666 This pair of tables was produced by saying noncenteredtables medskip line ruledtable Item ABC Item DEF cr 56 Figures
167. s in a figure endCaption endfigure The results are shown in Fig 7 2 The drawing was created with Bill Dimm s FeynDiagram package which is a set of C objects which make it fairly easy to create EPS Feynman Diagrams by writing short C programs It was converted from a ps to a eps file using ps2epsi Figures and Tables 51 7 3 Simple Tables Simple tables without ruled lines are constructed in T X with alignment tabs or with halign The reader who is not familiar with these should look at Chapter 22 in The T Xbook In TpXsis simple tables with table numbers and captions are treated much the same as figures For example saying midtable table example caption Charged leptons centerline vbox halignf hfil amp hfil hfil cr Name amp Mass amp Lifetime cr e amp 511 MeV gt 2 times 10 22 yr cr mu 105 MeV 2 197 times 10 6 sec cr tau amp 1784 MeV 3 3 times 10 13 sec cr endtable produces the following table in the middle of the page Table 7 1 Charged leptons Name Mass Lifetime e 511 MeV gt 2x 10 yr uw 105 MeV 2 197 x 10 sec TT 1784 MeV 3 3 x 10713 sec Note the use of centerline and a vbox to center the table The reference to this table in the text was produced by typing Tbl table example Note also that we used caption followed by the text in brackets as an alternative method of defining the captio
168. s made for nosechead In this case or in any case you can insert an entry into the table of contents by hand by saying addTOC level H title page where level is the level of division for the entry being made with 0 for chapters 1 for sections and 2 for subsections This controls how much vertical space is put around the table of contents entry and how much the entry is indented in the list The title is the text of the title as it should appear in the table of contents Text which is too long for one line will be split over several lines but you can force a line break where you want one with n The page is the page number for the entry you are making Generally you ll use folio here to just use the current page number whatever that may be Thus to make a section level entry in the table of contents having the title Acknowledgments you would simply say addTOC 1 Acknowledgments folio Entries made in the table of contents by chapter section etc will optionally begin with the chapter or section number depending upon whether showchaptIDtrue and showsectIDtrue are selected The decision whether or not to show the chapter or section number is made when the table of contents is printed by Contents not when the chapter or section is begun Thus it is possible to have the section numbers showing at the beginning of the section but to then have no section numbers in the table of contents by saying sho
169. seful goodies or learn some new tricks Just keep in mind that anything not described in the manual may be subject to change in a future release And let us know if you find any mistakes 102 Customization and Installation of TRXsis A Customization and Installation of T Xsis T Xsis version 2 18 as of 21 April 2001 This appendix contains information about how to install T Xsis on several types of com puter systems and how to customize TpXsis for a particular installation The discussion below on Local Modifications may be of interest to any user but the rest of this Appendix is probably only of interest to someone who is responsible for installing or maintaining TRXsis A 1 Customization There are three different mechanisms for making modifications to the basic T Xsis macro package It is better to use one of these mechanisms rather than modifying the original code A 1 1 Local Modifications T Xsis will read the file TXSmods tex if it exists from the current directory or search path every time you run TpXsis This lets you make your own custom modifications or additions to T Xsis For example say you have a directory specifically for a particular project you are working on and you are writing several different papers or other documents related to this project You could add a file called TXSmods tex to this directory to contain extra macro definitions that are used in all of these documents and these will be
170. shColor BurntO0range aftergroup PopColor A displayed equation is always constructed within a new group and when it ends the PopColor on the aftergroup stack is invoked automatically and the text reverts to the previous color If the 64 colors listed by ListColors are not enough for your purposes you can also define your own using SetCmykColor or PushCmykColor Colors are specified as a quadruple of intensity values between 0 0 and 1 0 CMYK means Cyan Magenta Yellow and black For example SetCmykColor 2 3 4 1 will give you a nice tan while PushCmykColor 5 5 1 2 Old Blue Eyes PopColor will print the text in the shade of blue specified by that particular CMYK quadruple 9 5 Twin Page Output It is sometimes desirable to produce preprints or other documents in a compact format with two pages on each physical page in landscape orientation While this can be done with SetDoubleColumns a much simpler approach is sufficient TRXsis contains a macro called twinout which redefines the output routine to produce two pages per page without attempting to balance columns or allowing spanned equations tables etc thus avoiding many of the possible problems with the more powerful double column macros twinout can be used with any of the standard formats described in Section 6 or Section 9 or even with Plain TeX Since twinout does not select fonts the user must do so texsis tenpoint def Tbf twelvebf def tbf t
171. similar to Manuscript but is customized to satisfy the requirements for manuscripts submitted to the Physical Review It uses true double spacing and it places the tables and figure captions at the end of the document By simply switching from this to preprint you should be able to produce a version suitable for distribution as a preprint from the same manuscript file The PhysRev and PhysRevLett styles are not intended for submission but rather emulate the page layouts in the Physical Review and Physical Review Letters respectively We have attempted to reproduce accurately the double column layout headlines footlines reference style etc used in the actual journals This is still work in progress but it may be useful both to see how a paper would look in print and as an example for constructing other styles Setting up the headlines and page numbering requires calling a few extra macros texsis PhysRev TitleBanner Running Title Headline AuthorBanner Running Author Headline VolumeBanner series H vol H issue page titlepage In VolumeBanner the series should be one of A B C D E for the Physical Review or L for Physical Review Letters the volume issue and starting page arguments are self explanatory Both PhysRev and PhysRevLett typeset the document in double columns so to make full use of these layouts you will need to read about the double column macros described in Section 11 In particular you
172. t FIGURE number IS 1 Last REFERENCE number IS 9 Last SECTION number IS 13 Last TABLE number IS O Modern laser printer drivers or filter programs like dvips dvi2ps or QTeX have options that let you select which pages of a document are printed or there is a useful program called dviselect which can select certain pages out of a dvi file into a smaller dvi file These offer other ways to selectively print only part of a document and still get the page and equation numbers correct 12 4 Other Goodies These macros do various useful things jtem label dimen Similar to plain T X s item but sets the label label with a variable hanging indentation dimen leftpar text Turns the text into a paragraph with a ragged left margin pagecheck dimen Checks the amount of space remaining on the current page and if this is less then dimen then skips to a new page topspace Use this like vskip to create a blank space to the top of a page because any space inserted with vskip is thrown out if it appears at the top of a page Example topspace 2 54cm unobeylines The opposite of obeylines so line endings are no longer respected unobeyspaces The opposite of obeyspaces so that spaces in the manuscript file are not counted exactly 100 Miscellaneous Macros 12 4 1 Underlines These macros let you underline words or create a blank line undertext text Underlines th
173. t format selected Typesetting Complete Papers 35 The banner macro is called in the preprint document format to put the date a preprint code number and the name of your institution or organization at the top of the title page The name of the institution can be changed by saying def ORGANIZATION name and this change can be made permanent by putting it into the file TXSsite tex when TEXsis is being installed When this manual was printed the ORGANIZATION macro was THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN The preprint date and document number can be specified by putting pubdate date pubcode code number before the titlepage If these are omitted the date defaults to the current month and year and the document number defaults either to something set as the default when T Xsis was installed or to the current TRXsis version number The default at this installation is UM TH 96 xx If you really want to customize the look of your paper you can create your own banner macro If you are submitting your paper to one of the preprint archives at Los Alamos such as hep lat hep ph or hep th you can have the archive server automatically insert the preprint number it assigns your document when it is submitted To do this put pubcodefhep lat yymmnnn near the top of the document change hep lat as appropriate to the archive you are using When you submit a paper to an archive with the put command the server will tr
174. t twin column output with 10 pt type for the text of the paper A typical preprint might read twinprint titlepage title paper title endtitle author author s name and address endauthor abstract text of abstract endabstract endtitlepage text of paper bye This produces a nice compact format for preprints 82 Letters Memos and Referee Reports 10 Letters Memos and Referee Reports The commands letter memo referee and formLetters invoke special styles for producing letters or memos The letter formats follow closely the letter format given in Appendix E of The T Xbook although there are some differences and some additions 10 1 Letters letter is designed for typing basic business style letters on letterhead stationary It uses the following commands letter Initialize the letter format dated date Sets the current date to be date rather than today s date This redefines today to be the date you give If omitted today just gives the current date withEnvelope Signals that an envelope should also be printed See Section 10 2 to find out how this works letterhead phone ext address body closing Puts the date and phone number phone ext at the top of the page so that it will appear near the letterhead when the letter is printed on your institutional stationary The name and address of the recipient should follow in obeylines format The first line is
175. telling you how many rows and columns were found in the table This dimension specifies the thickness of the thick rules in the table The default size is 1 5 points This dimension specifies the thickness of thin rules in the table The default size is 0 8 points Specifies how wide to make the next table If not spec ified the table is made to its natural width This value is reset following the construction of each table 60 Figures and Tables has been set With a little more work it is possible to design special or unusual tables by redefining the preamble of the table This is possible because ruledtable uses halign with a preamble called TablePreamble The default definition of TablePreambl1e is XdefXTablePreamblet ruledtable preamble TableItem 7 the first item plaintab plaintab amp amp means repeat this TableItem the subsequent items plaincr end of preamble The syntax for TablePreamble is like an halign preamble in Plain T X but with amp replaced by plaintab cr replaced by plaincr and replaced by If you have read this far and want to try changing TablePreable then you should read the source code and the comments that go with it in the file TXSruled tex As a final note we point out that it is also possible for you to create your own column separators with the macro nextcolumn This macro takes a single argument which is used to separate one column of the tabl
176. the file when the list is to be made which is why a supereject may be necessary to flush all floating insertions to the output 62 Figures and Tables 7 7 Printing Figures and Tables at the End of a Document When working on a paper to be sent for publication it is sometimes necessary to print all of the figures at the end of the document To cause this to be done you simply have to say FiguresLast at some point before you call figure and its relatives and then put PrintFigures at the end of the document FiguresLast causes figure to save the definition of your figure in an auxiliary file instead of immediately creating the figure and PrintFigures reads the material back in from that file If you say PrintFigures without first saying FiguresLast nothing will happen You can return to having the figures printed where they are defined by saying FiguresNow In that case PrintFigures does nothing you have to have said FiguresLast for PrintFigures to read any stored figures back in Tables can also be saved until the end of the document by saying TablesLast and then PrintTables TablesNow is the opposite of TablesLast One important note Since the figure or table material is copied to the file in which it is held one line at a time it is important to use Caption and endCaption for long captions instead of caption If you use caption T X will try to read the whole caption at once which may result in the error message T
177. the index making macros of index tex and the Makelndex program We have included index tex in the standard distribution of TRXsis but the only documentation at present is that contained in the source file Section 1 Added a separate file called Example tex which contains a short example physics paper which uses the T Xsis macros Section 2 Support added for scr using Ralph Smith s Formal Script fonts assuming that they are available Section 2 Added Footnote to act like footnote but with the text of the footnote singlespaced and in 10 pt type The font can be changed by changing FootFont Section 4 Modified reference cite etc to insert extra space after a reference following the end of a sentence Section 6 3 Added pagecheck to section and subsection etc These macros skip to to a new page if less than sectionminspace space is left on the page The initial setting for sectionminspace is 0 25 vsize Also made the skips before the titles of sections and subsections variables sectionskip and subsectionskip in place of the previous fixed values Section 9 The definition of thesis has been moved to the style file thesis txs so that it is easier to make local changes The thesis command automatically loads from this file Section 9 Added the style file PhysRev txs containing a definition of PhysRev for a Physical Review format A page proof layout should be available in the future Section 7 Added epsf tex t
178. the method can vary from computer to computer and printer to printer Recall that TEX produces as output a DVI file which contains device independent instructions for typesetting the document To actually print the document the DVI file must be translated into instructions for the specific printer being used by a suitable device driver It is at this stage when the device driver is converting the DVI file to printer instructions that graphs and drawings may be inserted However since different printers may require different kinds of instructions there are many different device drivers each having its own way of including drawings in the document In recent years some standardization has become possible because many printer manu facturers have chosen PostScript as the language for giving instructions to their printers PostScript contains commands both for drawing and for typesetting text Still there are some problems because there are many different device drivers for converting DVI files to PostScript and they all treat the inclusion of figures slightly differently Also while all of these filters require that the drawings to be included are themselves already in PostScript there are several variations of PostScript leading to further problems of incompatibility Until there is some standardization for inserting drawings into TEX documents and perhaps to encourage it we recommend using the scheme which a seems to be the easiest t
179. tifyTables restores TableItem to its original centering function Since TableItem is used to create every column of the table you cannot use it to modify a single column To justify just one column you can simply put hfill to the left or right of each item in the column since hfill is infinitely more stretchy than hfil The behavior of glue items other than hfill depends on whether NoTrailingSpaces Table 7 4 Basic table macros for use with ruledtable Macro name Description ruledtable Starts a ruled table vertical bar or vb Separates one column from the next with a a thin ver tical rule between them amp or tab cr Separates one column from the next but with no rule between them Ends the current row and starts the next one The completed row will be separated from the next with a thin horizontal rule crthick or CR Similar to cr but the rows will be separated with a thick horizontal rule crnorule or nr VI dbl Similar to cr but the rows will not be separated by a rule Same as but with a thick vertical rule Same as but with two thin vertical rules endruledtable Ends the ruled table Continued Figures and Tables 59 Table 7 4 Additional macros for use with ruledtable Continued Macro name Description multispan n Makes the next entry span the next n columns where n is an integer n gt 0 See omit below
180. tion like division i e a section or an appendix a skip called subsectionskip is used for any lower level division that is a subsection subsubsection or a nosechead Of course these are all removed by T X if the section starts on a new page Furthermore any of these divisions will start on a new page if less than a minimum length given by sectionminspace remains on the current page The defaults for these parameters are sectionskip 2cm plus 8pt minus 8pt skip before section subsectionskip 1cm plus 4pt minus 4pt Y skip before subsection sectionminspace 0 25 vsize new page if less left but they can be changed to any legal T X skip or dimension either throughout the docu ment or in a local group For example you could use begingroup subsectionskip sectionskip fourteenpoint nosechead Acknowledgments endgroup to make a nosechead which looks like a section Ordinarily the order of appearance of the sections of a document are not changed so there is no automatic mechanism for labeling the sections Any of the divisions described above can be labeled by inserting label label into the title text The label should have the form type name where type is chap sect etc to avoid possible conflicts with other kinds of labels The corresponding numbers can then be referred to with use type name as described in Section 5 If the title of a chapter or section is too long a break in the line can be i
181. tion or subsection is not indented Section 9 Added color txs macros to change the colors of PostScript output These macros should be backward compatible with colordvi sty Section 10 The letter writing macros can now print envelopes The form letter macros have moved to a style file Formletr txs Section 10 3 Added faxmemo and FAX Section 12 Fixed undertext spine has moved to a style file spine txs but it auto loaded from it so the user shouldn t notice the difference 110 Revisions B 3 Revisions for Version 2 16 We created a single file mtexsis tex which can be used for processing TRXsis e prints and other documents if you have not installed TpXsis Section 2 Added NFootnotes to produce automatically numbered footnotes Section 3 Added a number of useful symbols Removed the raised zeta and chi which caused trouble in some contexts Section 4 Improved the treatment of spacing for reference numbers and for multiple citations Section 6 Reorganized the documentation so that document formats the title page chapters and sections running headlines the table of contents and the index are all described together here Section 6 3 Fixed spacing and hyphenation for long section titles Section 6 3 Changed default value of sectionskip and subsectionskip so they are not quite so big Section 6 5 The page numbers for full page tables and figures were wrong in the table of contents this has been corr
182. tional features that make the job even easier Among these are the automatic numbering of equations with the ability to refer to numbered equations by symbolic labels automatic sizing of parentheses and a collection of special symbols which are often used by physicists 3 1 Equation Numbering In Plain TFX equation numbers are added to displayed equations with the eqno command as described in Chapter 19 of The TRXbook For example typing E mc 2 eqno 47 will produce E mc 47 With TpXsis the procedure for getting automatically numbered equations is similar except that you use EQN instead of eqno and what follows this up to the is not used as the number of the equation but as an internal label for the equation For example if you had already used EQN to create three numbered equations then typing vec F G_N Mm over r 2 hat r EQN Newton would produce gt GyMm TrXsis automatically assigns the next available equation number to the equation and prints this number on the right in parentheses The equations that follow the one above would be numbered 4 5 4 6 and so on The purpose of the label after the EQN is to let you refer to the equation in the text without knowing the equation number that has been assigned to it For example to refer to Eq 3 4 above which has the label Newton you might type The dependence of the force on the inverse square of the distance
183. to leave room for notes or corrections widenspacing Increases the current spacing by a factor of 1 25 With sin gle spacing this is the analog of 15 spacing on a typewriter Repeating widenspacing increases the spacing by 1 25 times whatever it already was it does not reset the spacing to sin elespaced first When TEXsis is first started the default is singlespaced but once it is initialized with the texsis command or preprint or paper etc the spacing is set to doublespaced Type Sizes Type Styles and Line Spacing 9 2 3 Footnotes Even when a paper is double spaced you may want to have the footnotes single spaced Also if the text is in 12 point type you may nevertheless want to have the footnotes in 10 point type In TRXsis you can do this easily using Footnote in place of footnote as in this example as in this example Footnote dag This is an example of the use of tt bs Footnote in TeXsis Footnote also automatically puts the reference mark in this case the dagger symbol dag in a superscript The typestyle used for the text of the footnote is controlled by FootFont which defaults to def FootFont tenpoint If you want to change this you can do so somewhere near the beginning of your document The spacing between multiple paragraphs in a Footnote if you are prone to being so verbose is set to zero regardless of the parskip in the main part of the document but you can also change this by
184. ts It is therefore recommended that each reference be entered separately although this is obviously not required Instead of putting the reference endreference in the text it may be more convenient to type them all together especially if they already appear that way in the manuscript This can be done without producing any unwanted printed numbers by using referencelist reference 1 text 1 endreference reference 2 text 2 endreference reference last last text endreference endreferencelist The referencelist must appear at the beginning of the document so that the reference labels are defined before they are used This is best put into a separate file which is input by the master file Of course the list of references is not printed until the end of the document when ListReferences is called 24 References and Citations 4 2 Citations to Defined References All subsequent citations to a previously defined reference are made using its label If a referencelist is used then all citations appearing in the text will be made in this way since then the initial reference definitions print nothing The construction cite label prints the reference number corresponding to the label as a superscript For example A good discussion of this is given by Doob cite Doob in section 7 produces A good discussion of this is given by Doob in section 7 since Michael Doob s book A Gentle Introduction to T X is in f
185. ts that use them but you should avoid including them in new documents since they might disappear some day 4 5 Using BIBTEX BIBIEX is a system for managing and using bibliographic databases If you find you are always citing the same sources again and again in your papers or if you have access to a bibliographic database someone else has already compiled or which you yourself have compiled then BIBTEX can make it much easier for you to make your list of references All you need to do is specify the name of the database files to be searched there can be several and use the cite command to refer to a paper listed in the database Papers in the databases are indexed by a citation key and all you have to do is use that key as the label in the cite command The first time you run your document through TpXsis these references will be undefined but if you then run the BIBTEX program it will extract the proper references from the databases so that they will be properly defined and formatted the next time you process your document Some extra work is needed to get started using BIBTEX First since BIBTEX is a separate program you need to get that program it isn t included with TpXsis You can get the standard distribution of BIBTEX from CTAN in the directory bibliography bibtex If you are not familiar with how to build and install T X and related programs then you will need to get your system adminstrator or T X guru to install
186. ttom of the page In T Xsis the footline is normally blank while the headline contains the page number in the upper right corner The book and thesis formats also display a running headline centered in 10 pt italic type containing the chapter or section title Running headlines and page numbers are not printed on any page containing a title or a new chapter For an example of running headlines look at the top of any page in this Manual nopagenumbers turns off the running headlines and footlines just as it does in Plain TEX In T Xsis saying pagenumbers restores the standard headlines and footlines Say ing bookpagenumbers puts odd page numbers in the upper right corner and even page numbers in the upper left corner the normal convention for books This is the default for book RunningHeadstrue the default for book and thesis displays the running head line text HeadText as well as the page number RunningHeadsfalse turns off the running headlines but leaves the page numbers HeadText is defined by chapter to be the chapter title in 10 pt italic type if no chapters are used then it is defined by section to be the section title You can change the running headline yourself with the command setHeadline text For example the headline at the top of this page could have been created by saying setHeadline Typesetting Complete Papers The headline text appears in typestyle HeadFont which you can change to suit your
187. u need to make a command texsis to run TRX using it The way to do this is very dependent on the operating system 6 1 On a Unix system running TEX 3 0 or higher you need only to make a link to the executable virtex with the same name as the format you want to load Virtex probably lives in usr local bin or some similar place The command to make the link is something like 106 Customization and Installation of TRXsis ln usr local bin virtex usr local bin texsis For T X versions 2 9x you can build an undumped version of T Xsis You will have to see the T X distribution notes for a de scription of undump However this is now a very old version of TeX as of this writing T X is up to version 3 1415 so you should seriously consider upgrading to a newer version of T X If you are going to create a private version of TRXsis rather than installing it for the whole system then you need to add your TpXsis directory to the environment variables TEXFORMATS and TEXINPUTS and define the command texsis as follows For the C shell put in your cshrc file alias texsis virtex amp texsis setenv TEXSIS_LIB HOME texsis setenv TEXFORMATS TEXSIS_LIB TEXFORMATS setenv TEXINPUTS TEXSIS_LIB TEXINPUTS This assumes that TEXFORMATS and TEXINPUTS are already prop erly defined If not insert the proper directories 6 2 Under VMS place in your login com file the commands DEFINE TEXSIS_LIB disk directory
188. use lowercase for frequently used macro names for ease of typing e There are two different ways in which arguments may be passed to macros de pending on the length of the argument Short arguments are simply enclosed in curly brackets the way TFX usually handles macro arguments For example the title of a section is created by the section command with section The nonlinear sigma model Longer amounts of text many lines and text which is considered to be in a special environment is enclosed between commands of the form thing and Nendthing An abstract for example is typed as abstract A mechanism for total confinement of quarks similar to that of Schwinger is defined which requires the existence of Abelian or non Abelian gauge fields It is shown how endabstract This is similar to the begin thing end thing construction in TAT X but is slightly easier to type The reason for preferring this way of delimiting text or arguments is that for very long pieces of material it is much easier to look for something like thing and endthing than it is to count curly brackets We cannot completely guarantee this because other macro packages might define macros with the same names as used by T Xsis although we have taken several steps to prevent this kind of conflict i And more importantly is compatible with plain T pX end signals the end of a document in plain T X and shouldn t be used for
189. ut command As a simple example consider a manuscript called MUONS The master file is called MUONS tex and contains the following texsis initialize TeXsis input MyMacros special macros for this paper input MUONSr references for the paper input MUONSO title page for the paper input MUONS1 first section of manuscript input MUONS2 second section of manuscript ListReferences print the reference list end The file MyMacros tex contains any special macro definitions used in this paper If there are none leave this line out The file MUONSr tex contains the references used in this paper beginning with referencelist and ending with endreferencelist as described in Section 4 The file MUONSO tex contains the commands for producing the title page of the paper as described in Section 9 The actual text of the manuscript is divided into two parts which are kept in the files MUONS1 tex and MUONS2 tex To process the entire document one simply runs TRXsis on the master file with the command 40 Typesetting Complete Papers texsis MUONS If you are familiar with computer programming you may think of the master file as the main program and the other files as subroutines called by the main program One of the great advantages of using a master file aside from keeping the manuscript organized is that it lets you work on a single section of the paper at a time For example suppose you want to run off a draft of just the first
190. ways TpXsis allows you to show examples of TEX code First to display TREX instructions separately use TeXexample Prints like an example but verbatim in tt type with made the escape character Note that you must therefore say endTeXexample to end the example since A is no longer the escape character To display T X instructions in running text use TeXquoteon Make a TRX quote so that everything between s is printed verbatim in tt type TeXquoteoff Turns off TEX quotes Environments 73 All of the displayed examples in this document have been typed using XTeXexample and many of the inline examples have been typed by putting TeXquoteon at the begin ning of the document and then typing whatever For both TeXexample and TeXquoteon the only special character is the escape character In particular one must type TeXexample TeX stuff endTeXexample with endTeXexample instead of endTeXexample All other characters are set in tt type without any interpretation The input line breaks and spacing are respected includ ing any leading spaces on the lines TREX commands can be used within a TeXexample environment by typing macro in place of macro bgroup and egroup in place of and etc In particular a can be obtained by typing char124 If you want to display the results of a complicated macro inside the TeXexample environment you should probably define a diffe
191. wsectIDfalse immediately before saying Contents It is possible to write commands or other text to the table of contents file while it is being created using the command TOCwrite stuff For example the heading sepa rating the appendices from the rest of the entries in the table of contents of this Manual was created by saying TOCwrite bigskip noexpand nosechead Appendices before the appendices were created The noexpand prevents the nosechead from being expanded until later after the table of contents file is read back in by Contents What if you want the table of contents to appear in the table of contents itself Naturally it should appear first even though it may be printed at the end of the document You can use the tagging mechanism described in Section 5 to make a forward reference to the page number At the beginning of the document you can create the table of contents entry by saying 42 Typesetting Complete Papers addTOC 0 Table of Contents noexpand use page TOC The noexpand prevents the use from being expanded until later after the table of contents file is read back in Later when you actually print the table of contents you would first tag the page number then invoke Contents like so nosechead Table of Contents tag page TOC folio Contents 6 6 Running Headlines and Footlines In Plain TEX whenever a page is output an optional headline and footline are added at the top and bo
192. y and pass it to a macro called TableItem The default definition of TableItem is def TableItem 1 centers item in ruled table hfil tablespace left glue 1 killspace item no space after tablespace hfil right glue MH 58 Figures and Tables The hfil glue on both sides of the argument causes the item to be centered in the column while tablespace which defaults to quad insures that there will be at least some amount of space between the item and the vertical rules on each side Because of the way that TFX handles macro arguments if you type a table with spaces between the text and the next column separator an extra space will be inserted into the table If you first say NoTrailingSpaces then killspace in the above macro is defined to remove any trailing glue items hfill is redefined by the table macros so that if it is the last token in an entry then that entry is properly left justified but to insert any other trailing glue you must say text glue null The default is TrailingSpaces which does incorporate any trailing spaces into the table but which also treats any trailing glue items normally You can change the definition of TableItem to suit your own purpose The simplest modification is to omit the hfil on the left or right so that each entry is right or left justi fied This is so commonly used that saying Right JustifyTables or LeftJustifyTables makes the appropriate change for you Saying NoJus
193. you should read the file INSTALL VMS with that distribution A 2 1 Quick Install for Unix and T X 3 x The current version for T X as of 1997 is 3 14159 If you have anything earlier than version 3 x then it is strongly recommended that you first upgrade your TFX installation Assuming that you have a current TEX installation on a Unix computer you can build and install T Xsis by simply doing the following 1 Edit the file Makefile and change parameters and paths as appropriate fol lowing the directions given in the comments The TEXDIR variable should point to the top level T X directory on your system The default directories under TEXDIR are those recommended by the TeX Directory Structure TDS working group of the TEX Users Group 2 Optional Copy the file TXSsite 000 to TXSsite tex and edit this file to contain appropriate site dependent information such as definitions for the name of your ORGANIZATION or your letterhead or change LandscapeSpecial 104 Customization and Installation of TRXsis If you already have a TXSsite tex file then copy it to the current directory so that it will be included when building the format file 3 Give the command make to build the format file and the manual 4 Give the command make install to install the files on the system A 2 2 Detailed Installation To install TpXsis follow the steps below or their equivalents for your co

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