V1.0a By Freezing Xie, Eric Pan Preface
Contents
1. Page 22 of 26 8 21 2009 WWW SEEEDSTUDIO COM WY Seeed Studio Works LSS Tech Support info seeedi com j void loop t Serial print RTC get DS1307_HR true read the hour and also update all the values by pushing in true Serial print Serial print RTC get DS1307_ MIN false read minutes without update false Serial print Serial print RTC get DS1307_SEC false read seconds Serial print some space for a more happy life Serial print RTC get DS1307_ DATE false read date Serial print Serial print RTC get DS1307_MTH false read month Serial print Serial print RTC get DS1307_ YR false read year Serial printIn delay 1000 Press serial monitor button on the Arduino IDE you can see the data returned by RTC module More information about IIC TWI library and RTC module is here http www arduino cc playground Learning I2C http www arduino cc en Reference Wire http www seeedstudio com depot electronic brick real time clock moduleds1307 p 491 html Course 4 Interrupt Interrupts are useful for making things happen automatically in microcontroller programs and can help solve timing problems A good task for using an interrupt might be reading a rotary encoder monitoring user input For an example if you want to check the PIR sensor when displaying LCD It may be Page 23 of 26 8 21 2009 WWW SEEEDSTUDIO COM WY Seeed Studio Works OLSS Tec2. Arduino is based on flexible easy to use hardware and software These advantages make it became one of the best choices for the MCU part of Electronic bricks Each functional module has buckled port with VCC GND and Output which has corresponding port on the adapter shields with a plain 2 54mm dual female cable you may start playing already Buckled brick cables are like cement to make the connections easier secure and more professional looking Below catalog is for demonstration only please visit depot for complete list Micro controller units MCU MCU is the director of the circuits as the core module for electronic bricks You may use any Arduino pin compatible boards like Arduino Duemilanove Seeeduino Freeduino and etc BOTRI G a a G IY i pe F URS sosog WWW SEEEDSTUDIO COM WY Seeed Studio Works 2282 Tech Support info seeedi com Electronic Brick shield We provide two kind of Electronic Brick shields Arduino Sensor Shield and Electronic Brick Chasis Arduino Sensor shield V4 is a standard footprint Arduino shield provided stackable pin headers and 5 channel electronic brick connectivity all digital and Analog IO are prepared with servo compatibility Easy Reliable Electronic Brick Series Arduino Sensor Board See Buckled S ee ee ee i Analog pe Arduino Port Port Ground Vec A0 A4 D Signal Pr gital IO port DO D13 nS Toe 2yf Communication Port BS Selectable
3. home Positions the cursor in the upper left of the LCD That is use that location in outputting subsequent text to the display To also clear the display use the clear function instead setCursor Position the LCD cursor that is set the location at which subsequent text written to the LCD will be displayed Syntax Icd setCursor col row write Write a character to the LCD Syntax Icd write data Page 16 of 26 8 21 2009 WWW SEEEDSTUDIO COM WY Seeed Studio Works LSS Tech Support info seeedi com print Prints text to the LCD Syntax Icd print data Icd print data BASE BASE optional the base in which to print numbers BIN for binary base 2 DEC for decimal base 10 OCT for octal base 8 HEX for hexadecimal base 16 include lt LiquidCrystal h gt include a library headfile LiquidCrystal display with rs on pin 10 rw on pin 11 enable on pin 12 d4 d5 d6 d7 on pins 13 14 15 16 LiquidCrystal Icd 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 void setup t Icd clear clears the LCD and positions the cursor in the upper left corner Icd print hello world Print a message to the LCD Icd setCursor 2 1 set to the 3th column and 2nd row Icd print Seeedstudio Print a message to the LCD j void loop t j More information about the LCE1602 and Library 1s here http www seeedstudio com depot Icd 162 characters green yellow back light p 62 h
4. WWW SEEEDSTUDIO COM WY Seeed Studio Works OLSE Tech Support info seeedi com s a re aS S a 9 45 Rs O Electronic Bricks Cookbook vol 1 gt an Be V1 0a By Freezing Xie Eric Pan Preface Should every child have played toy bricks it is the most widely owned toy which help construct preliminary inspirations easily Easy plugging and dissemble fast and robust then creativity are maximized by ignoring engineering difficulties Similar to electronics for elder inventors it may not be a problem after you have enough experience and resource to make a prototyping from ground But so much technical details usually distract the inspirations How about constructing electronic projects just like Lego brick Yes We can build electronics projects so easily Arduino and its community have made the programming much easier than ever before Surely we need some elixir on hardware part By using electronic bricks you may connect Arduino compatible boards easily with various digital analog and I2C Uart interfaces These the breadboard less firm connection are prepared to extensive modules like potentiometers sensors relays servos even buttons just plug and play WWW SEEEDSTUDIO COM WY Seeed Studio Works OLSE Tech Support info seeedi com Intro A basic setup of electronic bricks might include 5 parts MCU boards adapter shield connectivity and functional modules
5. BUS3 D10 D13 D0 D1 A4 A5 D10 D13 are SPI DO and D1 are RX TX For SD card module WWW SEEEDSTUDIO COM WY Seeed Studio Works 2822 Tech Support info seeedi com Connectivities While we recommend buckled cable for easy and firm connection most 2 54 pitch cable could be used on electronic brick connectors Half buckled 3 wire cable Fully buckled 3 wire cable Compatible with V4 digital port basic digital Firm connectivity on both ends basic module connections Analog Digital module connections Fully buckled 4 wire cable Fully buckled 10 wire bus cable Firm connectivity on both ends for I2C and Uart Reverse proof For ISP and data bus connections connections Quick plug terminal 2 wire Quick plug terminal 3 wire Easy adaption of various circuits to electronic Easy adaption of various circuits to electronic bricks interface bricks interface WWW SEEEDSTUDIO COM WY Seeed Studio Works OLSE Tech Support info seeedi com Functional modules Electronic bricks could be roughly classes by Input output Bus on usage Or Digital Analog mixed on signal type LED module Used as digital IO to produce light Buzzer module Connect to PWM output for generating analog IO to produce dimming lights sound or Analog input as piezo touch sensor Relay module Control high voltage circuit by 5V Button module Simple basic momentary button for logic digital output input PIR module Detect human existence output HIGH
6. tml http arduino cc en Reference LiquidCrystal Course 3 IIC Interface If you want Arduino to communication with external module there are some communication protocols optional IIC SPI and UART See IIC TWI for an example Page 17 of 26 8 21 2009 WWW SEEEDSTUDIO COM WY Seeed Studio Works 2282 Tech Support info seeedi com NXP Semiconductors developed a simple bi directional 2 wire bus for efficient inter IC control This bus is called the Inter IC or I2C bus Only two bus lines are required a serial data line SDA and a serial clock line SCL Serial 8 bit oriented bidirectional data transfers can be made at up to 100 kbit s in the Standard mode up to 400 kbit s in the Fast mode up to 1 Mbit s in the Fast mode Plus Fm or up to 3 4 Mbit s in the High speed mode Description from NXP I2C bus specification and user manual v3 It s not a must to know the specific protocol and time sequence because there is a ready library allows you to communicate with I2C TWI devices On most Arduino boards SDA data line is on analog input pin 4 and SCL clock line is on analog input pin 5 On the Arduino Mega SDA 1s digital pin 20 and SCL is 21 Let s take a quick look at the functions of the library begin begin address Initiate the Wire library and join the I2C bus as a master or Slave address the 7 bit slave address optional if not specified join the bus as a master note There are both 7 and
7. when activated Temperature sensing module Output voltage Light sensing module Output voltage changes changes according to temperature according to environmental light strength wW Seeed Studio Works 2382 Tilt sensor module Connect when tilting disconnect while horizontal 16 2 Character LCD Display numeric and characters max 32 in a display Sound sensing module Output voltage changes according to environmental sound strength Accelerometer module Output 3 axis acceleration force by voltage WWW SEEEDSTUDIO COM Tech Support info seeedi com Rotary angle module Output voltage changes according to rotated angle Joystick module Joystick output 2 axis by analog signal press down as momentary button to output digital pulse Distance measurement module Output voltage changes according to distance detected Keypad Module 3X3 scan keypad for input Page 7 of 26 8 21 2009 WWW SEEEDSTUDIO COM WY Seeed Studio Works 2282 Tech Support info seeedi com Electronic Brick 101 Course 0 Analog and Digital Analog signals are continuous while digital signals are discrete Analog signals are continuously varying where digital signals are based on 0 s and I s or as often said on s and off s As an analogy consider a light switch that is either on or off digital and a dimmer switch analog that allows you to adjust brightness You may check more details about Analog and digital
8. 00 digitalWrite LED HIGH turn on the light j else t digitalWri te LED LOW turn off the light j j Result It will turn the light on in darkness and turn off if bright enough You can find more sensor brick here http www seeedstudio com depot electronic bricks c 44 html Course 2 BUS Most of the sensors and switches use a single wire for signal There are modules need more than one signal line so we need the bus connection Like the 16 2 Character LCD module have 16 pins there are 5 power pins and 11 signal pins At least 10 pins are needed to control the 16 2 Character LCD modules so we need a bus to connect it to Arduino Hardware Setup Connect the 16 2 Character LCD Brick with the 10pins cable to the BUS2 connector of Chassis And toggle the power switch to On Page 15 of 26 8 21 2009 WWW SEEEDSTUDIO COM WY Seeed Studio Works OLSS Tech Support info seeedi com We can use the library for Liquid Crystal to control the LCD easily This library allows an Arduino board to control Liquid Crystal displays LCDs based on most popular Hitachi HD44780 or a compatible chipset The library works in either 4 or 8 bit mode Software Setup LiquidCrystal Creates a variable of type Liquid Crystal Syntax LiquidCrystal rs rw enable d4 d5 d6 d7 LiquidCrystal rs rw enable d0 d1 d2 d3 d4 d5 d6 d7 clear Clears the LCD screen and positions the cursor in the upper left corner
9. 3 are not prepared individually but they are include in the Bus 1 So we need a BUS HUB module to break them out of BUS1 Connect the Input connector on the bus hub to BUS1 connector on chassis by the 10 pins cable Hardware Setup Connector the PIR sensor to the Pin2 connector on the bus hub and connector the LED to the D8 connector on the chassis Modify the code for interrupt int PIR 0 define the 2th digital pin for PIR sensor brick interrupt int LED 8 define the 8th digital pin for LED brick int time 0 initial the time void setup i pinMode LED OUTPUT set the LED pin for digital output attachInterrupt PIR blink RISING enable the interrupt and when D2 rising jump into the blink function void loop i Page 25 of 26 8 21 2009 WWW SEEEDSTUDIO COM WY Seeed Studio Works 2282 Tech Support info seeedi com if time gt 0 check if need to light the LED i digitalWrite LED HIGH light the LED time decrease light time j else i digitalWrite LED LOW turn off the LED j j void blink i time 1000 catch the PIR sensor pulse j Program the code into the Arduino When somebody detected by PIR sensor the LED will light for a moment Revision History 21 Aug V1 0a revision published Page 26 of 26 8 21 2009
10. 8 bit versions of I2C addresses 7 bits identify the device and the eighth bit determines if it s being written to or read from The Wire library uses 7 bit addresses throughout If you have a datasheet or sample code that uses 8 bit address you ll want to drop the low bit i e shift the value one bit to the right yielding an address between 0 and 127 Syntax wire begin 0x04 set a Arduino as a slave which address is 0x04 wire begin set a Arduino as a master requestFrom address count Request bytes from another device The bytes may then be retrieved with the available and receive functions quantity the number of bytes to request Syntax wire requestFrom 0x04 4 A master request the slave which address is 0x04 to return 4 byte beginTransmission address Begin a transmission to the I2C slave device with the given address Subsequently queue bytes for transmission with the send function and transmit them by calling endTransmission Syntax wire beginTransmissin 0x04 The master start a transmission with the slave which address is 0x04 end Transmission Ends a transmission to a slave device that was begun by beginTransmission and actually transmits the bytes that were queued by send Page 18 of 26 8 21 2009 WWW SEEEDSTUDIO COM WY Seeed Studio Works 2282 Tech Support info seeedi com Syntax wire endTransmissin The master ends a transmission with the slave which connected send S
11. between B 12C and Uart 3 j POWER avatos n To Signal B s bye ya To vee 4 nae as eae To GND p eee Arduino Port Buckled Analog Port A5 Analog Port AO A5 Buckled Analog Port Easy Solid connection with Analog input with VCC GND Bucked Communication Port Easy communication port with 12C and Uart Digital IO port Standard servo pin compatible Analog IO port 2 54 grid male pin header connections NOY Seeed Studio Works 2832 WWW SEEEDSTUDIO COM Tech Support info seeedi com Electronic Brick Chassis is dedicated for electronic brick setup carrying much more electronic brick connectors even for data buses It is more uniformed interface for beginners on the other hand provide super strong connection D8 D12 D9 D11 Digital Input Output Analog Ouput A1 A5 Analog InPut Signal vec GND BUSI BUS2 BUS3 Reset Pin1 C Pin 10 BUS 2 BUS GYE 2 DBe 4 D3 4 D4 5 D5 EYE DIO EDHI DI2 DIZ UkGND 4 DG t DA iD amp D6 l0rGNWD GAG amp AZ TA BLAI BUS 3 I VEC 2 D10 xI 4 D12 D13 SPI DIO SS Dil MOSI DIZ MISO Dia SCK TkGND 9 DO t DI TAS mAg Chassis provides 5 Digital IO 5 analog input 1 IIC port and Uart serial port The other 3 data buses are prepared for more complex devices These buses could be reprogrammed for other usages too BUS1 D2 D8 for 4 4 keyboard by default BUS2 D10 D17 D10 D13 are SPI AO A3 could be used as D14 D17 For 16 2 LCD by default
12. d receiveEvent int howMany t while 1 lt Wire available loop through all but the last t char c Wire receive receive byte as a character Serial print c print the character j int x Wire receive receive byte as an integer Serial println x print the integer j Program this code into the other Arduino to turn it a receiver then it become the slave which address is 4 And press serial monitor button on the Arduino IDE you can see the data that slave received There are many module have the IC interface you can use the Arduino to control them easily too Let s take the DS1307 RTC module for example DS1307 1s a real time clock IC it can be set and sent out the clock data by IIC Page 21 of 26 8 21 2009 WWW SEEEDSTUDIO COM WY Seeed Studio Works OLS Tech Support info seeedi com Connect the RTC module to the IIC connector on chassis and program the code below then you will get a clock include lt W Program h gt include lt Wire h gt include lt DS1307 h gt written by mattt on the Arduino forum and modified by D Sjunnesson void setup t Serial begin 9600 RTC stopQ RTC set DS1307_ SEC 1 set the seconds RTC set DS1307_MIN 23 set the minutes RTC set DS1307_ HR 12 set the hours RTC set DS1307_DOW 4 set the day of the week RTC set DS1307_DATE 5 set the date RTC set DS1307_ MTH 3 set the month RTC set DS1307_YR 9 set the year RTC start
13. e called when a master requests data from this slave device handler the function to be called takes no parameters and returns nothing e g void myHandler Syntax wire onRequest read when the master receives a data from the slave it will jump into the function read Page 19 of 26 8 21 2009 WWW SEEEDSTUDIO COM WY Seeed Studio Works 2822 Tech Support info seeedi com Let s try connecting two Arduino together and communicate Connect two Arduino with 4 pins cable use the IIC connector on the Chassis Then the hardware is set include lt Wire h gt void setup t Wire begin join 12c bus address optional for master j byte x 0 void loop t Wire beginTransmission 4 transmit to device 4 Wire send x is sends five bytes Wire send x sends one byte Wire endTransmission stop transmitting allies delay 500 Page 20 of 26 8 21 2009 WWW SEEEDSTUDIO COM WY Seeed Studio Works 2282 Tech Support info seeedi com j Program this code into the first Arduino then this one is the master And we use it to sent out data include lt Wire h gt void setup t Wire begin 4 join 12c bus with address 4 Wire onReceive receiveEvent register event Serial begin 9600 start serial for output j void loop t delay 100 j function that executes whenever data is received from master this function 1s registered as an event see setup voi
14. e setup int PIR 9 define the 9th digital pin for PIR sensor brick int LED 8 define the 8th digital pin for LED brick int time 0 initial the time void setup t pinMode LED OUTPUT set the LED pin for digital output pinMode PIR INPUT set the tilt sensor pin for digital input j void loop if digitalRead PIR if check people move throw i time 10000 set a light time T time gt 0 check if need to light the LED t digitalWrite LED HIGH light the LED time decrease light time j else t digitalWrite LED LOW turn off the LED j j Page 12 of 26 8 21 2009 WWW SEEEDSTUDIO COM WY Seeed Studio Works OLS Tech Support info seeedi com Result when somebody detected by PIR sensor the LED will light for a moment More information about the PIR sensor is here http www seeedstudio com depot pir motion sensor module p 74 html Illustration 1 2 The Analog sensor is different from Digital sensor the level of analog signal continuously reflect the factor been measured like light strength gas density temperature and so on Let s take a Gas sensor for example First adjust the Resistor of the Brick to correct the sensor output analog level When power up the gas sensor will heat up and then we can adjust the resistor to about 5K correct the output analog signal to about 1V Hardware Setup Connect the Gas sensor brick to Al connector of the chassis and the buzz
15. ends data from a slave device in response to a request from a master or queues bytes for transmission from a master to slave device in between calls to beginTransmission and endTransmission Parameters value a byte to send byte string a string to send char data an array of data to send byte quantity the number of bytes of data to transmit byte Syntax wire send hallow word maser send up the data hallow to IIC bus byte available Returns the number of bytes available for retrieval with receive This should be called on a master device after a call to requestFrom or on a slave inside the onReceive handler return the number of bytes available for reading Syntax if wire available check 1f there is data receive byte receive Retrieve a byte that was transmitted from a slave device to a master after a call to requestFrom or was transmitted from a master to a slave Syntax data receive Retrieve the data that on the wire onReceive handler Registers a function to be called when a slave device receives a transmission from a master handler the function to be called when the slave receives data this should take a single int parameter the number of bytes received from the master and return nothing e g void Syntax wire onReceive read when the slave receives a data from the master it will jump into the function read onRequest handler Register a function to b
16. er to the D8 connector Software Setup int Gassensor 1 define the 1th digital pin for gss sensor brick int Buzzer 8 define the 8th digital pin for buzzer brick void setup Page 13 of 26 8 21 2009 WWW SEEEDSTUDIO COM WY Seeed Studio Works 2282 Tech Support info seeedi com pinMode Buzzer OUTPUT set the LED pin for digital output j void loop t int val 0 val analogRead Gassensor Read the gas sensor for gas density if val gt 0x300 if gas dense t digitalWrite Buzzer HIGH ring the Buzzer for alarm j else t digitalWrite Buzzer LOW turn off the buzzer j j Result If environmental gas density exceeds the value that we setup the buzzer will ring for alarm Illustration 1 3 The light sensor is similar to gas sensor it also outputdifferent level according to the luminous intensity Hardware Setup Connect the light sensor brick to Al connector of chassis and the LED brick to D8 connector as a light source Page 14 of 26 8 21 2009 WWW SEEEDSTUDIO COM WY Seeed Studio Works 2282 Tech Support info seeedi com Software Setup int LightSensor 1 define the 1th digital pin for light sensor brick int LED 8 define the 8th digital pin for LED brick void setup t pinMode LED OUTPUT set the LED pin for digital output j void loop int val 0 val analogRead LightSensor Read analog level which match the luminous intensity if val lt 0x2
17. h Support info seeedi com lost the PIR pulse signal when update the screen The best way it s use the Interrupt to catch the small pulse In the situations like this using an interrupt can free the microcontroller to get some other work done while not missing the input signal Most Arduino boards have two external interrupts numbers 0 on digital pin 2 and 1 on digital pin 3 The Arduino Mega has an additional four numbers 2 pin 21 3 pin 20 4 pin 19 and 5 pin 18 And you can use the interrupt function to control the interrupt attachInterrupt interrupt function mode Specifies a function to call when an external interrupt occurs Replaces any previous function that was attached to the interrupt Parameters Interrupt is used to choose the external interrupt channel Function is the function to call when the interrupt occurs this function must take no parameters and return nothing This function is sometimes referred to as an interrupt service routine Mode defines when the interrupt should be triggered Four contestants are predefined as valid values LOW to trigger the interrupt whenever the pin is low CHANGE to trigger the interrupt whenever the pin changes value RISING to trigger when the pin goes from low to high FALLING for when the pin goes from high to low Page 24 of 26 8 21 2009 WWW SEEEDSTUDIO COM WY Seeed Studio Works OLS Tech Support info seeedi com In chassis the D2 and D
18. ilt switch brick to D9 connector of chassis and connect the LED brick to D8 connector Then By tilting to different end it works like a switch Software setup Page 10 of 26 8 21 2009 WWW SEEEDSTUDIO COM WY Seeed Studio Works OLSS Tech Support info seeedi com f A i gt a e aN int Mercury tilt 9 define the 9th digital pin for Mercury tilt switch brick int Buzzer 8 define the 8th digital pin for LED brick void setup t pinMode Buzzer OUTPUT set the LED pin for digital output pinMode Mercury tilt INPUT set the tilt sensor pin for digital input j void loop t if digitalRead Mercury_tilt 1f up tilt digitalWrite Buzzer HIGH ring the Buzzer else if not press digitalWrite Buzzer LOW turn off the Buzzer j Result when the brick up tilt the buzzer will alarm Illustration 1 1 Some Digital sensor are not like a switch just to put out high or low level signal in different situation They put out pulse signal when activated For PIR sensor when people move into the range it will send a high level pulse out The pulse duration can be change by the resistance on the brick It s easier to check pulses which lasts longer Hardware Setup Connect the PIR sensor brick to D9 connector of Chassis and Page 11 of 26 8 21 2009 WWW SEEEDSTUDIO COM WY Seeed Studio Works LSS Tech Support info seeedi com connect the LED brick to D8 Softwar
19. signals at Wikipedia http en wikipedia org wiki Analog signal Illustration 0 0 Let s try Digital signal first The button or the digital sensor can be a digital input to Arduino Arduino can read these digital signals by the digital Pin almost all the pin is suppose digital input And also can write the digital signal out by these digital Pins Hardware setup Now we use a button to control the LED on or off What we need is an Arduino an Electronic Brick chassis a button brick LED brick and two signal cables Hook up the button Brick to the D9 connector of chassis then the button 1s connected with the 9 digital pin of Arduino And hook up the LED Brick to the D8 connector of chassis then the LED is connected with the 8 digital pin of Arduino The hardware is set and now we can open the Arduino IDE to prepare the sketch Software setup Page 8 of 26 8 21 2009 WWW SEEEDSTUDIO COM WY Seeed Studio Works OLSS Tech Support info seeedi com int Button 9 define the 9th digital pin for button brick int LED 8 define the 8th digital pin for LED brick void setup t pinMode LED OUTPUT set the LED pin for digital output pinMode Button INPUT set the Button pin for digital input j void loop t if digitalRead Button if button press digitalWrite LED HIGH light the LED else if not press digitalWrite LED LOW turn off the LED j Result The LED will light whenever you press
20. the button Illustration 0 1 The Arduino can Read the Analog signal via the AD by the analog pin and put out the analog signal by PWM pins In Arduino there are 6 analog input pin from AO A1 and there are 6 analog output pins D3 D5 D6 D9 D10 D11 Hardware Setup We use a buzzer brick and a Rotary brick to demonstrate the analog input and output Connetct the buzzer to D9 connector and the rotary brick to A1 connector of chassis Page 9 of 26 8 21 2009 WWW SEEEDSTUDIO COM WY Seeed Studio Works OLSS Tech Support info seeedi com Software setup int Rotary 1 define the Rotary for 1th Analog pin int Buzzer 9 define the Buzzer for 9th Digital pin which is Analog out pin also int val 0 void setup t j void loop t val analogRead Rotary read the Rotary analog value analogWrite Buzzer val Write the analog value out to Buzzer Result when you rotate the rotary brick the buzzer sound will change Course 1 Sensing the world Sensors can be basically categorized as analog and digital Some Digital sensor acts as a switch whenever triggered it output a on signal and the other environment it output a off signal Illustration 1 0 We take a Mercury tilt switch as an example When the Mercury tilt switch brick is tilted over a certain angle it will be activated and send out a high level signal else it sent out a low level signal Hardware Setup Connect the Mercury t
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