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2009 vol 11 - Universitatea din Petroşani

1. 3 i i Couple PI regulator PI M defined by the K proportionality constant and the T integration time dx M M dt f j Fx Ky M M 4 qs M Mechanical angular speed PI regulator PI W defined by the K proportionality constant and the T integration time dx 0 0 dt M K 0 0 O 5 Current PI regulator PI I defined by the K proportionality constant and the T integration time Ce e uri 7 NN p las las E Las B las K ek gt ek 6 ds T i Xo K i i Vasa Y ass T i Xio E K a B Las Flux analyser AF 2 2 W z V Vi 25 V 2 B sin A cos A The calculus of the couple block C M M K i W d ur 8 4 THE VECTORIAL CONTROL SYSTEM OF THE GMF 360 ROBOT The vectorial control system of the GMF360 robot s position is based on the vectorial speed controll to wich a position loop is added around a PD Proportional Diferential regulator wich has the folowing transfer function 36 EGRI A SIRB V STOICUTA O G s K 1 T s 8 where K is the proportionality coefficient I is the time differentiating constant of the regulator For a precise analasys an induction based engine is chosen wich has the folowing parameters e Electrical parameters R 0 371 Q R 0 415 Q L 0 08694 H 0 08762 H L 0 08422 H e Mechanical parameters z 22 J 0
2. M Kk 16 COMPARATIVE STUDY FROM THE KALMAN FILTER S STABILITY POINT OF VIEW AND THE LUENBERGER ESTIMATOR WITHIN A VECTORIAL CONTROL SYSTEM IN WHICH THE LUENBERGER ESTIMATOR IS PROJECTED ON SELF VALUE ROTARY BASED METHOD 55 5 APPLICATION In order to exemplify the preceding an induction motor with a short circuited motor having the following values of the parameters was considered Py 500 W Uy 127 V Iy 2 9 A ny 21400 rot min Zp 72 My 2341 Nm R 4 495 Q R 5 365 Q L 165 mH L 2162 mH L 149 mH J 0 00095 Kgm The study of the stability was realized through real time simulation in Matlab Simulink using S function type blocks First of all we have to mention that for different tachograms of the reference speed as well as for different tuning parameters of the regulators the self values of the regulating system that contains in his loop one of the two estimators will be different during transitory time Because of this the tuning parameters of the regulators used within the regulating system will be identical in both cases when using a Kalman estimator or a Luenberger estimator The tuning parameters of the P regulator were calculated for a direct flux measurement as armature gap and with rotor flux orientation scheme These values are e For the speed regulator the proportional component 4 10 and the time component is 7 9000 sec e For the couple regulator the propor
3. REFERENCES 1 Chiuta I Compensarea regimului energetic deformant Editura Tehnic Bucuresti 1989 2 Puscasu S Marcovici J Marimi i regimuri electrice nesinusoidale Editura Scrisul Rom nesc Craiova 1974 3 Utu I Reducerea consumului de energie electric n actionarile electrice de mare putere din industria minier Teza de doctorat Petro ani 1998 Annals of the University of Petro ani Electrical Engineering 11 2009 pages 78 87 A VOICE COMMANDED WPF DATABASE MANAGEMENT APPLICATION BADEA IONUT FLORIN ABSTRACT This article presents the design and implementation of a voice commanded WPF database management application The application was written to manage the database for a timetable application The application is written in WPF with C using Visual Studio 2008 and the NET Framework 3 5 with SPI The application is prototype that presents a possible implementation for database management applications The application can easily be changed to manage other databases KEYWORDS WPF database management speech recognition layout and control design entity framework 1 INTRODUCTION TO WPF Windows Presentation Foundation is a graphical subsystem for rendering user interfaces in Windows based applications WPF previously known as Avalon was initially released as part of NET Framework 3 0 Designed to remove dependencies on the aging GDI subsystem WPF is built on DirectX which provides hard
4. description iirst name last name rLrype code Iist builder Append new Choices next UErsvious ILIITSL LAsL ocopsn List close lier exit application return new Grammar builder This grammar is then applied to the SpeechRecognizer by using the LoadGrammar or LoadGrammarAsync functions This can be seen in the code below speech new SpeechBecognizer speech LoadGrammarAsync GetAppGramar The rest of the interesting code is in the SpeechRecognized handler The handler analyzes the recognized commands and depending on the command it executes a task The SpeechRecognized handler checks for the following commands main list selection the top part of most controls adding entries deleting entries editing entries saving changes selecting text boxes and other elements in the controls open and close combo box pop ups list navigation commands first next previous and last and application exit REFERENCES 1 Julia Lerman Programming Entity Framework 1 edition O Reilly Media Inc 2009 2 Matthew MacDonald Pro WPF in C 2008 2 edition Apress 2008 Annals of the University of Petro ani Electrical Engineering 11 2009 pages 88 92 FUZZY CONTROL OF DC DRIVE TEODOR TABACARU ABSTRACT An industrial DC drive 22 kW with fuzzy controller is simulated Two models linear and nonlinear and two controllers PID and fuzzy are investigated Using fuzzy
5. 1 Pop E Leba M Microcontrollere i automate programabile Editura Didactic i Pedagogic Bucure ti 2003 2 Poanta A Patrascoiu N Circuite si echipamente electronice in industria miniera Editura Didactic i Pedagogic Bucure ti 1997 3 EASY PLC Data Sheet Annals of the University of Petro ani Electrical Engineering 11 2009 pages 16 21 VIRTUAL INSTRUMENT TO CONTROL DC MOTOR OPERATION NICOLAE P TR SCOIU IOANA GAITA LUKACS ADRIAN MARIUS TOMUS Abstract The paper describes the procedure how to use a program created in LabVIEW called virtual instrument and data acquisition card PCI 6024E to control a direct current DC motor operation Keywords LabVIEW virtual instrument Matlab script PCI 6024E 1 INTRODUCTION The traditional DC motor needs two current supplies one through the stator windings armature to provide the magnetic field and the other through the rotor windings to interact with the magnetic field to generate the motive force The speed of a DC motor can be varied by controlling the field flux the armature resistance or the terminal voltage applied to the armature circuit The three most common speed control methods are field resistance control armature voltage control and armature resistance control To control the operation of a DC motor is necessary to know the parameters in the normal functioning of this The values of these parameters may be provided by the moto
6. ISSN 1454 8518 a c A k k i i i Ale SHA A d PETRO ANI ANNALS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PETRO ANI ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING VOL 11 XXXVIII UNIVERSITAS PUBLISHING HOUSE PETRO ANI ROMANIA 2009 ISSN 1454 8518 EDITOR OF PUBLICATION Prof dr eng loan Lucian BOLUNDUT Email ibol upet ro ADVISORY BOARD Prof Dr Eng Pop Emil University of Petrosani Romania Acad Prof Dr Pivnyak Ghenadi National mining uninersity of Ukraine Prof Dr Eng Munteanu Radu Tehnichal University of Cluj Napoca Romania Acad Prof Dr Eng Dasic Predrag High Technological Technical School Krusevac Serbia and Montenegro Prof Dr Eng Cierpisz Stanislaw Silesian University of Technology Poland Prof Dr Eng Bitoleanu Alexandru University of Craiova Romania Prof Dr Eng Pasculescu Mihai University of Petrosani Romania Prof Dr Eng Colosi Tiberiu Tehnichal University of Cluj Napoca Romania Prof Dr Eng Szabo Willibald Transilvania University of Brasov Romania Prof Dr Eng Poanta Aron University of Petrosani Romania Prof Dr Eng Manolea Gheorghe University of Craiova Romania Prof Dr Eng Vasilievici Alexandru Politechnical University of Timisoara Romania Assoc Prof Dr Dubois Daniel University of Liege Belgium Assoc Prof Dr Eng Kovacs Ern University of Moskolc Hungary Prof Dr Eng Klepikov Vladimir Borisovich National Technical University of Kha
7. Figure 2 VISA Configure Serial Port VI expressed by the letter D from data via VISA Write function Information is taken in ASCII code format using the VISA Read function and each reading is expressed with a code length of 14 bytes Information is as string so that its decoding 1s done by extracting the bytes and to do this 1s used String Subset fno which returns the substring of the input string beginning at offset and pudor eee DR containing length number of characters E String represented by the first 2 bytes coding type of the instrument is used as a selection tool for a CASE structure The structure CASE has 7 possible Tex Cases as shown in figure 3 corresponding to 7 T fie operating modes of multimeter MAS 345 and their gt selection is done for the string content of bytes 1 2 Each of these cases contains the following information to be displayed on the front panel of the virtual instrument the type of instrument selected the unit of measured value and scale limits for analog indicator on the front panel Since the limits for the ee nul indicator analog scales differ depending on the quantity Figure 3 Type instrument Measured as shown above these limits are reached selection through Property Node By its use is possible to set the maximum value and minimum value allowed in the AL F pe nita aa ai CA DU range Since the size of the measured value is represented together with the decim
8. converters which can make changes both amplitude and frequency of supply voltage The power structure used consists of a rectifier and an inverter wrong with pulse width modulation called the PWM inverter For vector control inverter can be viewed either as a source of tension is in most cases the power source Extensive use of rectifier diodes wrong with the power inverter has the major negative growth harmonic pollution Power system can operate properly in the presence of a quantity limited by harmonics Until recently injecting harmonics into the system can be considered negligible Currently however increasing dependence of large consumers of equipment with linear features makes this phenomenon can no longer be neglected The introduction of harmonics in power supply system is one problem the very functioning of electrical equipment may be affected Associate Professor Eng Ph D at the University of Petrosani MONITORING QUALITY OF ELECTRICITY FROM A LINE LIGNITE EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGICAL 79 2 VOLTAGE AND CURRENT HARMONICS EFFECTS ON QUALITY OF ELECTRICITY The presence of harmonics in power supply system can generate a broad range of undesired effects For example harmonics may cause interference signals over voltage loss of data transmission lines of information Harmonics can also generate overheating inadequate operation or malfunction of equipment in general Harmonics can cause excessive heating in transformers and
9. 15 kg m F 0 005 98 After tuning the regulators shown above using poles and zeroes repartition method we get the folowing coefficients K K K K 501 3834 T OK 5 9881 p K 10 1988 FS 4 v Z7 754 4176 1020 K K K 10 T 2 2 K 26 T 2 K 32000 T 400 350 4000 where K and T are the proportionality constants and integration of the PI regulator of the adaptation mechanism s component of the extended Luenberger estimator With help of the regulators tuning coefficients of the system 1s completly defined To show the role and performances of the tunig system shown above we will present in the folowing part the studied industrial robot In figure 4 the GMF S360 tipe RRR robot wich has six degrees of freedom is presented For an in dept and clear analasys of the robot we used Matlab Simulink to create the mathematical model in dynamic mode of the robot presented above So in figure 5 the Simulink block that implements this type of robot is presented together with it s mathematical model The defining ecuations for the mathemathical model are d 0 d d ue p NC 9 d 0 dO T J C G 0 10 dt dt VECTORIAL POSITION CONTROL SYSTEM OF THE GMF360 INDUSTRIAL ROBOT 37 Fabat Figure 5 Mathematical model in Matlab Simulink of the GMF S360 robot where J and J are the inertia moments of the joints one and two C
10. CONSTANTIN STEFAN DRAGOS PASCULESCU ABSTRACT The object of this work is to improve the dispatching systems the command and the control of the neutralization installations of the waters from the industrial processes This work aims to solve the problem of the sewage from the industry in the installation of metal roofing of chroming and phosphating as well as the power and thermoelectric stations through the development of modern treatments neutralization of sewage We can also talk about the partial or total reuse of treated sewage in the technological processes from the station and of those derived from metal roofing phosphating chroming through its discharge to the sewer in accordance with the worldwide KEY WORDS dispatch systems industrial waters monitoring system enivromental technologies higher dispatch 1 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS Considering the major environmental changes that have an impact on the water resources of the planet the water problem should be seen in a global context As we know the demographic development of the planet recorded and it is possible to record in the future a constant rhythm which brings for discussion a possible water crisis maybe not at the level of requirement but especially at the level of administration In this global context the International Committee of Standardization ISO TC 224 has been established in 2001 to develop standard that provides guidelines for drinking water and sewe
11. GAITA LUKACS IOANA TOMUS ADRIAN MARIUS VIRTUAL INSTRUMENT TO CONTROL DC MOTOR OPERATION nenea 16 POPESCU FLORIN GABRIEL MARCU MARIUS DANIEL ORBAN MARIA DANIELA SIMULATION SOFTWARE FOR STATIC RECTIFIERS AND STATIC SWITCH CONTROPDE RSS susct LU VIL LL I EE un ACRI EL E emer IY 22 EGRI ANGELA SIRB VALI CHIVUTA STOICUTA OLIMPIU VECTORIAL POSITION CONTROL SYSTEM OF THE GMF360 INDUSTRIAL ROBOT eee 32 ROMANESCU ANDREI P SCULESCU DRAGOS THE EXPLOITATION OF HIGH ELECTRICAL POWER TRANSFORMERS AND AUTOTRANSFORMERS ect 42 MANDRESCU CORNELIU STOICUTA OLIMPIU STOICUTA NADIA COMPARATIVE STUDY FROM THE KALMAN FILTER S STABILITY POINT OF VIEW AND THE LUENBERGER ESTIMATOR WITHIN A VECTORIAL CONTROL SYSTEM IN WHICH THE LUENBERGER ESTIMATOR IS PROJECTED ON SELF VALUE ROTARY BASED ITA ODD C 50 STEFAN CONSTANTIN P SCULESCU DRAGOS POSSIBILITIES TO MODERNIZE THE DISPATCH SYSTEMS COMMAND AND CONTROL OF THE NEUTRALIZATION INSTALLATIONS OF INDUSTRIAL WATERS tete 60 SIRB VALI CHIVUTA EGRI ANGELA STOICUTA OLIMPIU CIM CONTROL WITH EXTENDED RAN BANS SYSTEM iniia ae uie has a BR ai ada a tt ad 66 UTU ILIE MONITORING QUALITY OF ELECTRICITY FROM A LINE LIGNITE EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGICAL vcccccscscscssssssssssssssssssssssssesesssesesssssssssvsssscscsescesssssssssessscesssscess 72 BADEA FLORIN A VOICE COMMANDED WPF DATABASE MANAGEMENT ALPPICATION ues up ata tata tate ata TA MU ue a alde ME M UE 7
12. In final we present the self values of the estimator and of the regulating system that contains in his loop the Luenberger estimator was done for k 20 and 0 5 deg The result of the real time simulation for the priory presented case is exposed in the following graph fig 3 c The study of the stability in this case was realized for a complete digitization using the same sampling time as in the first case In this case too the study was conducted lacking the process and measurement noises for a reference speed of 10000 rot min One may notice that the estimator and the regulating system becomes unstable right after the speed of 5129 rot min is exceeded In another words the higher k is the lower the speed at which instability occurs In case the study of the stability 1s done with the presence with process and measurement noises the graphs of the self values are approximately identical with the difference that the speed limit where dynamic performances are good decreases This occurs more emphasized in case of the estimator and regulating system that uses in its loop a Luenberger estimator 58 MANDRESCU C STOICUTA O STOICUTA N C Figure 3 The graphs of the self values S CONCLUSIONS This paper presents an algorithm for studying the stability that can be used during vectorial control system s operation with an induction motor Consequently such algorithm can be implemented in parallel to the regulating system within a
13. METHOD 57 case of the Luenberger estimator and 9000 rot min in that of the Kalman estimator As for the preceding case when starting the motor the regulating system is unstable tending to be internally stable as the motor speed tends to the reference speed The regulating systems become unstable at speeds near the reference speed soon after the dynamic performances of the estimators are lost Figure 2 The graphs of the self values Luenberger a and the Kalman b The third case analyzed is when the simplified digitization method is used to implement the Luenberger respectively the Kalman estimator In this study the sampling time used is identical to the one in the first case The study of the stability is done in this situation too without considering the process and measurement noises at a speed of 10000 rot min Following the real time simulation one may obtain the following graphs corresponding to the Luenberger fig 3 a and respectively the Kalman estimator fig 3 b Comparing the two graphs one may notice that the effect of simplified digitization is very much like using a higher sampling time The speed at which the estimator instability occurs higher speed than the preceding case In this case the regulating system becomes unstable at medium speeds so that this method cannot be used within high speed regulating systems In all the prior cases presented the analysis of the Luenberger estimator was done for k 21 3 and 0 5 deg
14. USING PSB TO MODEL THE DC DRIVE An advanced set of linear and nonlinear blocks can he found in PSB Three AC sources three phase six pulse converter pulse generator and DC motor are taken from the library They are used to prepare high quality model of three phase DC drive see Fig 2 The three phase bridge converter is the most frequently used motor control system Two of six thyristors conduct at any time instant Gating of each thyristor initiates a pulse of load current therefore this is a six pulse controlled rectifier The three phase six pulse rectifier is also capable of inverter operation in the fourth quadrant Electrical phenomena of thyristor bridge and DC motor are modeled very exactly Simulation results Fig 4 are almost exact with real measurement data on industrial object but computation 1s slow comparing to linear model la 80 i 60 40 4 a SE I eee 1 ME r 0 TE ee VC UB 0 0 5 1 lt WS gt 40 r 30 F opta aa L hastiness pi ae ere H I 10 r 0 scs 4 P z E ue ati l I 10 L 0 05 Time 1 Figure 4 Simulation results for electrical phenomena FUZZY CONTROL OF DC DRIVE 9 3 FUZZY CONTROLLER OF DC DRIVE The fuzzy controller is presented on Fig 6 Advanced model using PSB is used but transfer function model can also be useful for preliminary tuning of contro
15. a k k a a 54 MANDRESCU C STOICUTA O STOICUTA N ki a ya l k k y k 3k mc kia ty ss A 4 34 43334 4 37 la k k cos 0 k k sin 0 From 11 through digitization we obtain Loser 12 the Luenberger matrix obtained through complete digitization respectively Ly L T 13 the Luenberger matrix obtained through simplified digitization The estimating error of the Luenberger estimator 1s k x k 300 14 4 THE STUDY OF THE REGULATING SYSTEMS STABILITY The algorithm by which the study of the regulating systems stability containing in their regulating loop both Kalman and Luenberger type estimators 1s the one determined in this paper 4 The stability study is done by determining the self values of an enlarged matrix The matrix that is the basis of the stability study 1s p e en Per Ma Hy 4 M4 k 1 15 0 I K k C Fra where M is the command matrix that links the entry vector with the state vector and K equals the K k Kalman matrix in the case of studying the regulating system s stability containing in his loop a Kalman estimator respectively the 7 Luenberger matrix in case the regulating system contains in his loop a Luenberger estimator The relation that the M command matrix has to verify is u k M a k x k 16 The M matrix that verifies the 16 relation has the following structure ugs qs 72009 qw X E Ugs k U ds k v
16. a database with a frequency set by the user and the recording frequency can be changed depending on the needs imposed by the operation at a time 3 DIAGRAM BLOC OF THE VIRTUAL INSTRUMENT Block diagram represent the program of operation for virtual instrument and is composed of mathematical and logical functions and programming structures For each of the three components of the virtual instrument represented by the three front panels is built one block diagram Selection of each block diagram is achieved by the TAB control with which is possible to select one of the cases from CASE structure To maintain the running each block diagram is used Property Node function by which are get references to pages contained by the TAB control Block diagram corresponding of the DC motor simulation is shown in Figure 2 LIED biter e 0 0 01 5 RA 0 mi retele e Pra rl o liimi 0 005 0 s 1000 1900 1 ie i i m SAB c DU ty ES rad EN J TiN i ae 4 vl 7 1 rav um Ea Lit eife 3 Of al ioe Figure 2 Block diagram of the DC motor simulation The base element of this diagram bloc that is used to simulation DC motor working is the Matlab script node Through this is inserting into LabVIEW program the matrix A B C D of the motor state space model and the simulation function also To obtain matrices A B C D of the mathematical model in state space form is considered analytical model of the DC motor with
17. are minimized at the expense of eventually important WIP costs In many cases push type behaviors use demand forecasts to generate the production plans On the contrary under the basic pull control strategy the customer s demands trigger the production pull the production Thus the WIP cost is reduced to a minimum at the expense of more important delays for delivering 1 at the expense of decreasing the quality of customer service In the manufacturing area it is well known that just in time JIT approaches that lead to low WIP costs In order to conciliate the above mentioned contradictory performances many hybrid push pull control algorithms have been proposed in the literature The number of KANBANS around a machine s buffer subsystem determines the buffer size In a KANBAN controlled system production of parts is triggered in response to intermediate demands As was already mentioned in the cell manufacturing the parts in any intermediate buffer try to protect the operation of downstream machines from possible interruptions of upstream machines If the repairing time of the machine that is under failure is not too big the buffer will not empty and the failure will not affect the downstream machine Therefore intermediate buffers can be perceived as condensers in electrical circuits or resorts in mechanical systems allowing relatively uncoupled behaviors on production lines subsystems The point here is that at
18. assembly stage is automatic when appropriate parts exists in bl and b2 68 SIRB V EGRI A STOICUTA O machine 2 PA Be c HI m mudo ee dr P customers demands Figurel Production of parts A and B stages 1 and 2 and final assembly stage 3 with a basic stock pull control system BSCS and assuming single server semantics simultaneous kanban delivering dr3 fw es B3 demand customers demands Figure 2 Simultaneous KANBAN control system SKCS CIM CONTROL WITH EXTENDED KANBANS SYSTEM 09 inde pendent kanban delivering customers demands independent kanban 2 Figure 3 Independent KANBAN control system IKCS KANBANS are independently generated for machine 1 and machine 2 Obviously in transient behaviors the independent case can be better than the simultaneous one A more elaborated KANBAN system is presented in Figure 1 7 It is the so called independent extended KANBAN control system IEKCS Under saturation of customers demands it behaves exactly like the above schemes SKCS and IKCS Nevertheless in this case different KANBANS send simultaneously requests for the production of primary parts in stage and stage 2 for an assembly to be done and for the delivery of a finished part This may lead to some interesting behaviors potentially reducing the WIP while keeping a good reactivity to demands 3 EXTENDED KANBAN CONTROL SYSTEM These fig 4 cont
19. capacitors resulting in reduced lifetime of these devices or their failure Another effect 1s heating of the electric motors and produces a pulsating torque The harmonics in the supply system lead to loss of overall power reducing the efficiency of AC motors increased maintenance cost LEA 20 kV wee awe SIE lE RR ani CNN ole OTE TTU NL 40 EVA 20 0 4 kV IUP IUP TC TC A TMN TTU NL 4 MVA 20 6 kV IUP servicdi proprii IUP TE TE El kY B286kV TC CL IUP IUP TE 3 160 kVA E kV uliu Figure 1 Schedule Station no 3 of 20 6 kV to EM Rosia B36EkV E The magnitude and order of harmonic components present in the system depends on several factors the source of harmonics the power system system operation under normal or resonance Even harmonics produced by a single plant may vary depending on the system of work For example an electric arc furnace can produce harmonic voltages ranging between 8 and 25 of basic The power supply of computer systems harmonic currents were recorded with values between 5 5 and 140 amplitude of basic 74 UTU L Nonlinear loads can also produce harmonics multiple of three They need special attention as leading to a current in the neutral conductor which sometimes exceed the amplitude of phase current Such tasks are arc furnaces which in normal operation harmonic currents of order three with amplitude of 20 of fundamental qm USE 2888 81716 After raising th
20. comutator ploi Figure 3 Local box and the transformer control panel from the relay cabin The order of startup shutdown cooling batteries run manually using the switch with four positions The cooling installation is supervised with information about each cooling battery to the working point of the camera control fig 4 In the normal scheme all switches in the AT electric switch box and from the operation device of the switch contacts are in position REMOTE position executing 46 ROMANESCU A PASCULESCU D commands from the control room the working point During operation the neutral will be rigidly connected to the ground There are visual controlled twice on a shift the following the tank if there is loss of oil the conservative level of oil the insulators the air filters the earth connections 2 links to the AT vat and another one to the AT null the noise during the autotransformers operation the primary links to the terminals of the AT heating etc the restrictions and inscriptions the cells and the equipment from the cell Figure 4 The interface of a system command and data acquisition of a transformer THE EXPLOITATION OF HIGH ELECTRICAL POWER TRANSFORMERS AND AUTOTRANSFORMERS PRG ER Ws NOTI fi MN WE NY N N rey bere DRY ridi Figure 5 Electric switch box transformer In case of an event such as the signal of gas or the AT release through
21. for the entire variation range At speeds exceeding 40000 rot min both the Kalman estimator and the regulating system containing the Kalman or Luenberger estimators becomes unstable The second case studied is when the complete digitization method is used to implement the Kalman and Luenberger estimators but the sampling time is higher In this case too the process and measurement noises are null Following the simulation with a sampling time of 7 426 7 usec corresponding the processor mentioned above for an IGBT commutation speed of 2 34 kHz one may obtain the following two graphs corresponding to the Luenberger fig 2 a and respectively the Kalman estimator fig 2 b The imposed reference speed in this case is 10000 rot min One may notice that the instability of the Luenberger estimator as well as that of the regulating system that contains in his loop a Luenberger estimator occurs at a speed much smaller than in case of using a sampling time smaller than in this case As in the preceding case a staying behind phenomenon occurs for the self values of the estimator compared to the self values of the motor phenomenon that leads to a decrease in dynamic performance This thing happens when exceeding the speed of 5500 rot min in the COMPARATIVE STUDY FROM THE KALMAN FILTER S STABILITY POINT OF VIEW AND THE LUENBERGER ESTIMATOR WITHIN A VECTORIAL CONTROL SYSTEM IN WHICH THE LUENBERGER ESTIMATOR IS PROJECTED ON SELF VALUE ROTARY BASED
22. performing processor In the case of the estimator and that of the control system that has included in its loop a Luenberger estimator one may notice that the estimator becomes unstable at high speeds and in the case of using simplified digitization the instability occurs quicker due to the amplification factor k This thing remains valid for the regulating system too becoming unstable as soon as the dynamic performances of the estimator get worse in another words when the self values of the estimator remain behind the self values of the motor In the case of the Kalman estimator the conclusions are identical with the difference that the speed values at which the instability occurs are much greater than the case of Luenberger We may notice that in the case of using a high sampling time the self values of the motor estimator and some of the self values of the regulating system are almost identical with the difference occurring at high speed where the dynamic performances of the estimator decrease Comparing the two estimators and the regulating systems we may say without any doubt that the estimator and regulating system that has in its loop a Kalman estimator are superior to the estimator and regulating system that has in its loop a COMPARATIVE STUDY FROM THE KALMAN FILTER S STABILITY POINT OF VIEW AND THE LUENBERGER ESTIMATOR WITHIN A VECTORIAL CONTROL SYSTEM IN WHICH THE LUENBERGER ESTIMATOR IS PROJECTED ON SELF VALUE ROTARY BASED METHOD 5
23. that when a fault for the motor 1 appear the system will stop automatically and to restart the system will be necessary the 14 POANTA A SOCHIRCA B combination between I and Lb for security reasons After a fault occurred if the start button is pressed this action will have no effect After a fault is necessary to activate the reset button and only after that the start button will be active Figure 5 Motor 1 fault The stop button will be link to I input of the plc A signal on this input will initialize the stop procedure After 3 second when the stop button was pressed it will be send the command for the motor to stop after another 3 second will send the command to stop the motor 2 and after another 3 second will sent the command for motor 3 to stop After all the motor was stopped the whole system can be started by pressing the start button If not all the motor was started the push of the stop button will not be take in consideration by the system figure 6 AUTOMATIC COMMAND OF A CONVEYOR BELT USING P L C 15 Figure 6 The stop procedure 4 CONCLUSION The use of the PLC and easy software facilitation make possible elimination of some equipments such as time relay the BACAIT command bloc amplifiers from the speed sensors and other All this will lead to a lower cost of a conveyer belt system The possibility to interconnect many PLC will lead to a better dispatcherisation of the entire process REFERENCES
24. the protection of gas check there are verified the chemical content of gases collected in the relay If the gas 1s colorless and fireproof the relay operation was due to the air from the transformer vat autotransformer If the gases are flammable the power is caused by the faults in the autotransformer The damage is immediately liquidated by the removal under the tension and it is brought the primary equipment into a separate visible state In case of overload it is announced the dispatch center which takes the appropriate measures and the operational personnel must continuously monitor the indicator devices In case of an event such as the signal of gas or the AT release through the protection of gas check there are verified the chemical content of gases collected in the relay If the gas 1s colorless and fireproof the relay operation was due to the air from the transformer vat autotransformer If the gases are flammable the power is caused by the faults in the autotransformer The damage is immediately liquidated by the removal under the tension and it is brought the primary equipment into a separate visible state In case of overload it 1s announced the dispatch center which takes the appropriate measures and the operational personnel must continuously monitor the indicator devices The operation of the cooling installations will be checked at short intervals of time 48 ROMANESCU A PASCULESCU D Any abnormal operating tra
25. two rectifiers with null conductor made the positive branch N and the negative branch N The output straightened voltage of the three phases rectifier full commanded is given by the difference between the straightened voltages from the two branches Simularea redresoarelor de doua cadrane Redresoane monofazate Fedresoare trif azate usi usa usi DN NN E WU XE CORE CDI NC RU ACRI Dn PS bd pd pL PSA a bca Deda ca C M CNSNNNNSNAIU Na UNSNNNNC Fig 5 The three phases bridge rectifier 26 POPESCU F MARCU M ORBAN M 2 1 The rectifier with the null diode The commanded rectifiers in phase have a lot of shortcomings as the power factor is decreasing the current harmonics amount even in the straightened voltage waveforms To improve some of these shortcomings it is necessary to put a diode in parallel with the load The straightened voltage is polarizing the null diode in opposite way and start the conduction when the instantaneous value of voltage begin zero In this way the straightened voltage is only made by positive pulses The figure 6 is representing the simulation window for a single phase rectifier with null diode During the simulation it has been modified the command angle of the rectifier in order to evidence also the way of voltage modification respectively the load current The command angle may be modified using up down arrows being shown their values Conduce dioda de nul Dn Fig 6 The
26. w k 1 y k C x k v K in which the noise vector of the process w k and the measurement noise v k are considered to be Gaussian type with the following properties Elw k Elk 0 Ebo i w D 9 5 2 E OTU Ry j where E is the statistical mediae and 6 the Kronecker operator The F and H are obtained from the 4 and B matrixes of the induction motor s model in time domain through digitization In practice two such models have imposed themselves one obtained through complete digitization that makes the Kalman estimator to be more precise but needs a performing processor in which to be implemented in p fe Ass tie 55 3 H B T 4 B T2 2 and another one obtained through simplified digitization that makes the Kalman estimator to be less precise but doesn t need a performing processor I Ic A T Hy B T 4 In the relations 3 and 4 the T variable is sampling time and the 4 B and C matrixes have the following structure 52 MANDRESCU C STOICUTA O STOICUTA N aj O a3 U4 OE T 0 a Wa a 0 0 0 000 di4OX dj ah al 5 031 Q 033 Ot Q b 0 0 0 1 0 0 O a OE 33 where l Ls n L bin OS oes eat da a4 xe Ub Do boss L L 0O 2 L 1 1 T L L Bie cc cate La MA gt O T T L 0 R R Lek and L L L the stator rotor and mutual inductances R R the stator and rotor resistances and o the dispersion mutual coefficient In these conditions considering the
27. 0 i AU G D m 2 p _2 Uo U 16 J5 AU U U pe y42 zr E UA 17 98 ROMANESCU A PASCULESCU D From the analysis of relations 16 and 17 it can note that the C capacitor location draws away of the line beginning if the voltage on the MV bus of the substation increases while the distance between the two capacitors decreases From 14 and 15 it observes that between the two capacitors there is the relation Xc TETS c If the voltage at the line beginning increases and decreases the power factor the reactance values of capacitors lower namely the reactive component of the current on line increases It notes that for same load distributed on a line with less section conductors reactance values of the two capacitors increase AU greater the capacitor location c draw to the line beginning and the distance between the two capacitors increase also 2 3 The line with distributed linear loads Consider a homogenous electrical line with distributed uniform specific parameters and the load is linear distributed as in Fig 3 L L SS lt gt Ac 0 1 2 3 V a b Figure 3 Line with distributed linear loads At distance the load current through line is L 1 L 18 The voltage drop on the whole line is given of expression L AU 43 a dl 43 2 L7 19 0 where Zo H t j xg is the line impedance per unit length I lI j I the all load current at the line beginn
28. 8 TABACARU TEODOR FUZZY CONTROL OF DC DRIVE ecce 88 ROMANESCU ANDREI PASCULESCU DRAGOS INFLUENCE OF THE LOAD DISTRIBUTION ALONG LINE ON THE LOCATION OF SERIES CAPACITOR IN MEDIUM VOT IAG Te NETWORK S arses tes II RR RTR RONI RI NIN RPR RI IRI RE RENO 93 Annals of the University of Petro ani Electrical Engineering 11 2009 pages 5 9 USING VIRTUAL INSTRUMENTATION TO ACHIEVE A DATA LOGGER BASED ON A DMM NICOLAE P TR SCOIU ADRIAN MARIUS TOMUS IOANA GAITA LUKACS ABSTRACT The paper describes the procedure and how to use a program created in LabVIEW called virtual instrument and the digital multimeter DMM MAS 345 with RS 232 interface to achieve a data logger KEYWORDS LabVIEW digital multimeter MAS 345 RS 232 VISTA 1 INTRODUCTION A multimeter is a general purpose instrument which is used to make various electrical measurements such as AC and DC voltage and current and resistance Multimeters may also have other functions such as diode and continuity tests The multimeter MAS 345 is an autoranging professional measuring instrument Digit reading is 3999 counts and the bar graph capable of performing functions Range Range DC voltage measuring 0 1000 V Capacitance measuring 0 400 nF AC voltage measuring 0 730 V Temperature measuring 0 750 C DC current measuring 0 10A Diode testing AC current measuring 0 10A Transistor testing 1 1000 Resistance measuring 0 40 MO Audible con
29. 9 Luenberger estimator The only practical disadvantage is the high computing effort as well as tuning the co variation matrixes Q and R Based on the presented algorithm one may realize a real time simulation with hardware included in the loop that will allow the obtaining of the self values of the estimator motor and regulating system for various working regimes of the motor REFERENCES 1 Mandrescu C Stoicuta O Stability Analisys of the Direct Field Oriented Control System of the Induction Motor Control Systems and Computer Science CSCS 15 Bucuresti Romania 2007 2 Stoicuta O Campen H Pana T Comparative Study of the Stability Vector Control Systems with Luenberger and Kalman type Estimation International Conference AQTR Cluj Napoca Romania pp 35 41 2006 3 Stoicuta O Pana T Asymptotic Stability Study of induction motor vector control systems with Luenberger observer International Conference AQTR pp 242 247 2008 4 Stoicuta O Pana T Asymptotic Stability of a Speed Vector Control System for an Induction Motor that Contain in it s Loop a Gopinat Observer In Proceeding of the National Conference on Electrical Drives 14 Edition Timisoara Romania pp 253 258 2008 5 Stoicuta O Pana T Mandrescu C Egri A Sirb V Stoicuta N Asymptotic Stability Study of an Induction Motor Speed Control System with Extended Gopinat Observer Control Systems and Computer Science CSCS 17 Bucuresti Roma
30. EMENT APPLICATION 83 __ Timetable database management Specializations Subject Types Subjects Groups Professors Rooms Bind Professors to Subjects Bind Subjects to Groups Bind Rooms to Subjects Figure 6 The main application window As you can see the application gives the user the possibility to manage all the tables of the database The user can choose which table to edit by selecting an item from the list on the left When this happens the right part of the main window will offer the UI to edit the respective table An example of this can be seen in the image below m Timetable database management Joe Specializations Edit subjects Subject Types Groups e LP Course Professo a ii Limbaje de programare curs Rooms Bind Professors to Subjects Bind Subjects to Groups Bind Rooms to Subjects Description Nev Ree Save Figure 7 The subjects user control As you can see the control above like all the controls in the application offers possibilities to add entries edit entries delete entries and save changes The main window of the application doesn t have much code The code that is contained in this window is used to load the user controls that are used to edit the tables This code is run when the user selects an entry from the list on the left The window also contains the code that integrates the speech recognition engine used for the voice commands 84 BADEA F All of the user contro
31. IERS AND STATIC SWITCH CONTROLLERS There are single phase rectifiers and three phase rectifiers taking into account the phase numbers In dependence with the operating quadrants the rectifiers are the rectifier by one quadrant where the voltage and the current have one way semi commanded rectifiers the rectifiers with two quadrant where the output voltage can be positive or negative the complete command rectifier the four quadrant rectifiers where the output voltage can be negative or positive and the current can get about both ways The two quadrant rectifiers can be with central tap the rectifier with two pulses the single phase bridge and rectifier with the null diode The rectifier of one quadrant or semi commanded rectifier are realized through the bridge scheme and are made by thyristors and diodes The rectifiers with forced switching are for two types the unitary power factor rectifier and Pulse Width Modulation PWM rectifier The simulation software for static converter function it is realized like a Windows independent application helping with Visual Basic s software package Once the simulation software is launched one window is opened allowing choosing the simulation type to be run using radio buttons The window also contains two buttons one for continuing the simulation Continua and the other for exit the application Iesire Following the simulation start up the simulation window is opened c
32. TIC SWITCH CONTROLLERS 4 CONCLUSIONS This documentation describes a Windows application useful for understanding the functioning of the static variators converters typing to cover all the needed aspects This application has a teaching purpose being useful for the students studying static converters REFERENCES 1 Marcu M Borca D Convertoare statice n actionari electrice Editura TOPOEXIM Bucure ti 1999 2 Tunsoiu Ghe Actionari electrice Editura Tehnic Bucuresti 1981 Annals of the University of Petro ani Electrical Engineering 11 2009 pages 32 41 VECTORIAL POSITION CONTROL SYSTEM OF THE GMF360 INDUSTRIAL ROBOT ANGELA EGRI VALI CHIVUTA SIRB OLIMPIU STOICUTA ABSTRACT 77e purpose of this paper is to present a new sysntesis of the estimator Gopinath extended used in vectorial control of the position of GMF360 industrial robot The extended Gopinath observer proposed in this paper is designated to estimate the rotor flux components and the rotor resistance of the induction motor This work presents a new strategy to assign the Gopinath matrix elements of the flux estimator in the EGO observer The studied control system is based on the direct rotor flux orientation method DFOC KEY WORDS Extended Gopinath observer EGO Model Adaptive System MRAS Extended Luenberger Observer ELO GMF360 ROBOT 1 INTRODUCTION The paper presents a new flux and rotor resistance observer called Extended Gop
33. UTOTRANSFORMERS higher level and the amount of current through wrappings and the touch of the adjusted to thresholds it is recommended the operating run of cooling batteries or transformer autotransformer release Trafo Guard oversees and displays the screen through the following higher oil temperature current temperature on wrappings date and time the temperature of the core transformer R S T phases the oil level in the compartment related to the autotransformer and the oil level from the consrvatory compartment related to the switch contact Start stop automatic two tier cooling batteries Tr 1 at 75 C and Tr 2 to 85 C the transformer release when the oil temperature reaches 90 C or if the windings temperature reach 100 C The cooling autotransformer consists of four fundamental cooling batteries and a back up cooling battery Each cooling battery consists of an oil electro pump and three fans having three ways of operation automatically when connect the switch function depending automatically of temperature manual LED uri sl SIL Alimentare Chelle cu te iR Tasta MENU genl MPH poi et M batenlor de defect comutator riri plotur ur om Tasta CTRL iy 4 1 H a E 1 ee cun Sl Tas te LED uri mm I ail pu ate A Cher comandi Deconectat Deschis ca a al Port Oprit a a t hater de mere Conectat chis Tata ESC rm f x T b Tas ENTER Alimentare
34. a general level Petri nets with some timed interpretation for example Generalized Stochastic Petri Nets can be used to model different designs and control strategies By using appropriate performance evaluation models the optimization of the strategy used to control the material flow 1 e making the more appropriate decisions even the tuning of its parameters can be formally studied 2 TYPE OF KANBAN CONTROL SYSTEM A basic pull control system base stock control system BSCS is presented in figure 1 It consists of two production stages with k1 and k2 parts finished in stage 1 and stage 2 respectively feeding an assembly stage initially with k3 finished parts When a customer s demand appears places drl and dr2 receive a new token in order to produce another part for each stage Customers demand allows serving finished parts represented by tokens in place f3 initially marked with k3 tokens A main problem in this basic schema is that the limitation of the WIP is not assured in any of the three simultaneous KANBAN control system SKCS and independent KANBAN control system IKCS are modeled in figures 2 and 3 As happened before in both cases two production stages are followed by an assembly stage The difference among SKCS and IKCS is that the first one feeds simultaneously the assembly stage and the new production order for the two previous stages In the second case separate KANBANS feed stages 1 and 2 while feeding the
35. acitor is improved However this boost in voltage is both instantaneous and continuous depending on rapid load changes It is safe to say that the series capacitor is an automatic regulator with an insignificant response time which contributes to the improving of voltage quality through the reducing of voltage fluctuations P and P Accordingly the series capacitor can dispose of some matters relative to flicker and voltage fluctuations which appear in the network at the starting of large motors as well as on the electrical line which supplies arc furnaces welders sawmills mine equipments rolling mills crusher motors etc Eng Ph D student Transelectrica transport branch Sibiu Alba Iulia Station Romania Lecturer Eng Ph D University of Petrosani Romania 94 ROMANESCU A PASCULESCU D The series compensation contributes to the improvement of distribution network performances through the decreasing of voltage drops power losses and improvement of the power factor of networks also The efficiency of the series capacitive compensation of medium voltage lines depend on both the load the load power factor the line parameters and the capacitor location and reactance value The voltage profile along line that is installed the series capacitor is influenced both the capacitor location and its reactance value For improving of the voltage profile on MV lines is important the finding of optimal capacitor location and its rea
36. al point everything as a string by Byte 5 9 so after extracting the substring of characters of information via the String Subset functions is converted to digital format through Fract Exp String to Number function Numerical value obtained by measuring the quantity applied to the multimeter input is shown both as analog and digital form To attach the unit to the measured quantity of the string acquired via serial port are extracted bytes 10 13 which encodes this unit If the measured quantities are voltage or current since these quantities can be g PATRASCOIU N TOMUS A LUKACS I DC or AC must display appropriate type and this is achieved through a different structure CASE intercalated in the CASE structure used to select the type instrument In each of the 7 cases is used function Write to Measurement File Express VI which writes the date to text based measurement files vm or binary measurement files tdm or tdms so that they can be stored and later retrieved in Excel Using this function the measured dates are store into proper text file that can be readable from MS Excel Here it can quickly create a chart that can be an option for acquired data representation 2 2 Front panel of the virtual instrument Some captures of the front panel of the virtual instrument for measuring AC and DC voltage resistance capacity or temperature are shown in Figure 4 Aparatul de masura gt Aparatul de masura Indicator general Indi
37. and C are the Coriolis coefficients of joints one and two G and G are the gravitational coefficients of the two joints In the mathematical model we considered joint 0 stationary so that 0 0 grade Alfa and alfa are the accelerations of the two joints w and w are the speeds of the two joints and teta teta the two joint s angles wich are shown in figure 4 In the robots model the folowing value were considered for the variables presented J 174 272 0 79 578 0 170 Kg m J 50 kg m C 84 5 N C 50 N And the gravitational coefficients were considered to be 0 In the folowind we present the Simulink schemathic for the position s regulation system s analisis of the GMF S360 industrial robot 38 EGRI A SIRB V STOICUTA O pozitia Reductor de viteza 1 al a 1 2 Generator de traiectorii Reductor de viteza 2 poziti a2 Figure 6 Matlab Simulink simulation schematic of the GMF S360 robot From the sismulation schemathic we notice that two systems of position regulation are used designed around the vectorial speed controll systems refered to as SRAI si SRA2 The automated regulator type PD of the position presented in the simulation schematic in the previous figure was implemented outside of the block schematic of SRAI and of SRA2 In the simulation we took into consideration the mechanical speed reduction used by joints one and two of the GMF 8360 robot The reduction co
38. and J represent the model parameters and these are sets by controls placed on front panel named with the same letters like mentioned parameters For the respectively controls are chosen the steps of values corresponding to the real values of these parameters The values set by these controls represent the inputs for script node with real data type The bloc diagram that assures command and visualization of the sequences of starting of the DC motor is shown in Figure 3 The basic element of this block diagram is the CASE structure with the choice of two possible cases true or false Selection of either state is guided by state motor control buttons for the selected option is Switch until released In this way after each command the scheme will be prepared to receive always a new command The algorithm operation and selection of cases through the command buttons is shown in 20 P TR SCOIU N LUKACS I TOMUS A Figure 4 Achievement of each stages of the command is made by using the structure SEQUENCE so that each sequence contains specific commands and delays needed Figure 3 Block diagram of the DC motor command Block diagram of the virtual instrument that assures real time monitoring of the DC motor parameters is shown in figure 5 The basic element of this block diagram is the DAQ Assistant Express VI that creates edits and runs tasks using NI DAQmx toolkit DAQ Assistant is a graphical interface for interactively c
39. ater the distance between the line beginning and the capacitor location increases and the reactance value increases also the capacitor location and its reactance value depend on the flowed load on line in proportion as the line is more loaded the distance between the line beginning and the capacitor location decreases and the reactance value increases REFERENCES 1 Buta A Pana A Milea L Calitatea energiei electrice Editura AGIR Bucuresti 2001 2 Grzybowski S Kordus A Krolikowski C Seidel t Zeydler Zborowski J Condensatoare in electroenergetica Capacitors in power systems Editura Tehnic Bucure ti 1966 3 Satoru I Walter J Ros Distribution Series Capacitors for Improved Power Quality GE Transmission Distribution amp Industrial Systems 1999 4 Buta A Bucatariu Ilona Pana A Utilizarea indicatorilor integrali de calitate ai tensiunii la stabilirea valorilor reactantelor compensatoarelor serie i paralel in re elele electrice de distribu ie Revista Producerea transportul i distribu ia energiei electrice i termice Bucuresti 2002 pp 17 22 5 SR EN 50160 Caracteristicile tensiunii furnizate de re elele publice de distribu ie Characteristics of provided voltage by distribution utility networks November 1998 6 Poeata A Arie A Cri an O Eremia M Alexandrescu V Buta A Transportul si distribu ia energiei electrice Electric Energy Transport and Dis
40. ble logic controller from the process data can be electrical and process parameters of the state machines alarms 64 STEFAN C PASCULESCU D and commands from the remote programmed and measured recipes This information incorporated into a database will enable their storage to display and transmit the request through the Internet The system will be designed on several levels of access Total access or partial access where only a part of the authorized persons can view the operation of the Internet without being able to order equipment in the flow The synoptic scheme related to the technological flow will be achieved on a display LCD with high resolution The dispatcher will be equipped with a server that will store information and coupled to the Internet for data transmission to a higher level Contributions that are expected to be brought to the development of scientific knowledge Reducing energy consumptions by 10 1596 reducing stationary time due to the reliability and the action of the automation components reducing costs in the maintenance repair using appropriate and reliable equipment generating factor for the training of the staff operator maintenance factor for reducing the cost price on the final product an efficient control over the chemical nature of water discharged to the sewage 4 EQUIPMENTS FOR EXPERIMENTS To enforce these solutions it is necessary to use the following compone
41. case in which the electrical line is provided with series capacitive compensation and we omit the cross component of the voltage drop the determination relation a voltage before from the capacitor in point 1 1s AU l U U AU L x de U 1 QL 1 4 96 ROMANESCU A PASCULESCU D where U is the voltage at the line beginning r0 x0 specific resistance and reactance related per unit length distance from beginning of line up capacitor AU 43 r ioa x9 is voltage drop per unit length i m iy i0 active and reactive component of the current per unit length 4 m The voltage in point 2 after capacitor is ES U U Del ara X oed Deal 5 The voltage at the end line 1s L U U AU L x dx U z i U 2P e 8x L 1 6 From the condition 1 after derivation 0 0Xc 09 01 and the achievement of calculations the series capacitor location and reactance value result 7 2 U U NEL Jp cC qe GRAL 8 Sa ur A AU Analyzing expression 7 and 8 it notes that the capacitor location and its reactance value depend on the length line on the voltage magnitude U at the line beginning parameters per unit length of the line and the flowed load on line According as the voltage U increases the capacitor location draws away by the line beginning and the reactance value of series capacitor decreases It observes that the capacitor is placed near to the
42. cator general sl Galea MISES VOLTMETRU DE CURENT ALTERNATIV Spar aN VOLTMETRU DE CURENT CONTINUU sE Dei vj TENSIUNE AC JERE 1 TENSIUNE DC Portul folosit Portul folosit cw ME 20 20000 sg dX 4 E 00 0 200 100 ai 800 E 100 Hamarul de bti S Humarul de biti s la portul serial la portul serial 14 324 6 BE i E 30 35 Vv Indicator general Aparatul de masura Indicator general MEN D al valori afisate OHMETRU al valori afisate ETRU OH 329 5 Ohm REZISTENTA CA 0 102 nF CAPACITATE Portul folosit Portul folosit c oo M e Y cw M 1251575 E 9 25 x s Numarul de biti i Humard de biti Li la portul serial la portul serial Li 329 5 Ohm 0 102 nF gt stor m sTOP Aparatul de masura Indicator general al valori afisate E Ue Uie E TEMPERATURA Portul folosit i omi Quem i IM e i Humana de biti la portul serial i Figure 4 Captures of the front panel 195 C Here we can see that for each measured quantity on the front panel are displayed the type of instrument used the size the unit Also according to the multimeter using the appropriate limits for the analogue scale indicator are established On the front panel is used a single control to select serial port number and all orders are taken through the serial port of the MAS 345 meter connected to it USING VIRTUAL INSTRUMENTATION TO ACHIEVE A DATA LOGGER BASED ON A DMM 3 CONCLUSIONS Virtual instrumentation provides t
43. constant flow defined by the equations Ps ys ig oo dot F Kae nl MOF oye i m 0 1 ee dt VIRTUAL INSTRUMENT TO CONTROL DC MOTOR OPERATION 19 where vs t is t supply voltage and current m t load torque o t angular speed a t angular displacement R L winding electric resistance and inductance Km DC motor constant F coefficient of friction J moment of inertia reduced to motor axis To build the state space model brings in this mathematical model the input state and output vectors 1 e e state vector x t whose components is represented by is t a t and w t e input vector u t whose components is represented by vs t and m t e output vector y t whose components we consider that is the same with state vector components so that is possible to simulate these three physical quantities With these vectors is possible to write equation 1 as a matrix form from which are extracted matrices A B C and D Rog Ea l s t L L ls t L Vs t a t 2 0 0 1 ja t 0 Oj i See x 2 1 0 0 l lo 0 vs t y t 0 1 O la t 0 0 4 0 0 1 eo lo o CO C D Given matrices A B C and D can use the Matlab function sim y sim A B C D v t 3 where vector t specifies the time samples for the simulation and consists of regularly spaced time samples to simulate the D C motor like an LTI system The motor constructive parameters R L Km F
44. controller for DC drive operation was successful Two mathematical models of a DC drive are used The first model is build as linear transfer function of converter and DC motor The second model is build using advanced blocks from Power System Blockset PSB library The library is an extension of Matlab Simulink environment from The MathWorks Inc Using fuzzy logic and PSB library model seems to be new and promising approach to control of an electric drive KEYWORDS fuzzy control DC drive simulation 1 LINEAR MODEL OF DC DRIVE A linear and nonlinear model of DC drive will be used The linear model consists of two parts converter rectifier and DC motor A linear model of DC motor Fig 1 was build using Simulink blocks Integrator1 SHE dw dt Integrator2 um sarcina Figure A linear model of DC motor There are two inputs voltage and load and two outputs angular motor Associate Professor PhD at University of Petrosani FUZZY CONTROL OF DC DRIVE 89 velocity and current Its parameters are computed automatically from nominal catalogue data motor power voltage current speed etc It is very convenient to use nominal motor data as rotor inductance and resistance DC motor constant and other internal motor parameters are difficult to find Converter rectifier 1s described as first order inertia k s Tmips 1 1 where k is gain of converter rectifier and T4 is mean dead time of converter recti
45. cription Text As you can see I m creating a new specialization and I m adding it to both the context and the specializations list which is an observable collection 86 BADEA F To delete a specialization I m using the delete button and the delete command The code for the delete handler can be seen below if lstSpecializations SelectedItem null Specialization type Specialization lstSpecializations SelectedIitem context DeleteObject type specializations Remove type lstSpecializations Focus To save changes I m using the save button The code for the save command handler can be seen below btnSave IsEnabled false context SaveChanges MessageWindow Show Changes saved 7 VOICE COMMANDS Speech recognition is a feature that translates user spoken audio into text As with speech synthesis speech recognition is a feature of the Windows operating system Speech recognition is built into Windows Vista but not Windows XP Instead it s available to Windows XP users through Office XP or later the Windows XP Plus Pack or the free Microsoft Speech Software Development Kit Speech recognition is also a Windows accessibility feature For example it allows users with disabilities to interact with common controls by voice Speech recognition also allows hands free computer use which is useful in certain environments The most straightforward way to use speech recognition is to create an instanc
46. ctance value Based on this idea the paper develop an optimization method to determine the series capacitor location and the optimal and reactance value on lines with distributed uniform loads and on lines with distributed linear loads The object function consists of minimizing the sum of square deviations of the voltage in the consumption nodes under several constraints 2 THE ESTABLISHING OF THE SERIES CAPACITOR LOCATION The voltage profile on a line depends on the circuit parameters the power factor of the load and the load magnitude This voltage profile varies in time as the steady state load changes Usually the peak load is the one of greatest interest because it causes the maximum voltage drop and the voltage to consumer terminals is decreased Taken in account these the object function can be defined that sum of square deviations of the voltage in the consumption buses to be minimum to peak load Sean ca M E min 1 i Also at the establishing of the capacitor location and of the optimal reactance value must take into consideration to constraints as in any section of the line the voltage is within the admissible range F both in the normal and in a shortcircuit regime the overvoltage to capacitor terminals in the short circuit regime is less than the admissible value or equal it e the overload of the capacitor in the short circuit regime is less than the admissible value or equal it These constraints are given
47. ction to fuzzy control Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York 2 Ross T J Fuzzy logic with engineering application McGraw Hill New York 3 Sivanandam S N and all ntroduction to Fuzzy Logic using MATLAB Springer Berlin 4 Attp www mathworks com Annals of the University of Petro ani Electrical Engineering 11 2009 pages 93 101 INFLUENCE OF THE LOAD DISTRIBUTION ALONG LINE ON THE LOCATION OF SERIES CAPACITOR IN MEDIUM VOLTAGE NETWORKS ANDREI ROMANESCU DRAGOS PASCULESCU ABSTRACT n this paper is analyzed the influence of the load distribution along line on the capacitor location and its reactance value The determination matter of the capacitor location is treated as a matter of optimization whose object function is sum of square deviations of the voltage in the consumption buses It determines the series capacitor location and its reactance value for lines with distributed uniform loads and on lines with distributed linear loads KEY WORDS series compensation capacitor location distribution networks distributed loads 1 INTRODUCTION Series compensation represents an effective method by adjustable voltage control in distribution networks A series capacitor installed to an electrical line causes a boost in voltage at the capacitor location that is proportional to current magnitude and the sine of power factor angle Thus it reduces the voltage drop on line and the voltage profile at the loads downstream from cap
48. d changeover 2 THE RECTIFIER WITH TWO QUADRANTS The figure 2 presents the simulation window for two quadrants rectifier with central tap single phase it can choose the rectifier type During the simulation the command angle is modified for emphases even the voltage adjusting mode and the load current The command angle can be modifying using the up down arrows showing this value Simularea redresoarelor de doua cadrame Fig 2 Single phase rectifier with central tap The figure 3 is presenting a simulation window for a three phase s rectifier with null conductor Simularea redresoarebor de doua cadrane FF Qu dE m m XE pon e S USO Fig 3 The three phases rectifier with null conductor SIMULATION SOFTWARE FOR STATIC RECTIFIERS AND STATIC SWITCH CONTROLLERS The thyristor input conduction appears when the voltage on the thyristor is positive as only the natural commutation dot The figure 4 is presenting a simulation window of single phase bridge rectifier It has four thyristors and the load is connected on the continuous current diagonally and pair of thyristors T1T4 T2 T3 1s simultaneous in conduction Simularea redresoarelor de doua cadrame po E C MENU ee FARE sa ORIS rd Re oos e STEI ocn xE dL ducc dE Fig 4 The single phase bridge rectifier The figure 5 is presenting the three phase s bridge rectifier These are the most used rectifiers It should be taken into account divided in
49. e of the SpeechRecognizer class from the System Speech Recognition namespace You can then attach an event handler to the SpeechRecognized event which is fired whenever spoken words are successfully converted to text SpeechRecognizer recognizer new SpeechRecognizer recognizer SpeechRecognized recognizer_SpeechReconized You can then retrieve the text in the event handler from the SpeechRecognizedEventArgs Result property private void recognizer SpeechReconized object sender SpeechRecognizedEventArgs e MessageBox Show You said e Result Text A VOICE COMMANDED WPF DATABASE MANAGEMENT APPLICATION 97 Another way to use speech recognition is to use a custom grammar This is the approach I chose The grammar I m using might not be the best but it works well with the application I m building the grammar with the function below private Grammar GetAppGramar GrammarBuilder builder new GrammarBuilder builder Append new Choices computer builder Append new Choices select details builder Append new Choices save new delete add remove remaining main builder Append new Choices rooms groups Sub ects protessors subject types room professor subject semester number of hours semi group gp cializations specialization bind sub jeccs bind prortessors bind rooms builder Append new Choices name
50. e 2 piece m A gn M2 machine 2 Figure 5 The structure of CIM CIM CONTROL WITH EXTENDED KANBANS SYSTEM TI 5 untitled Windows Picture and Fax Viewer S CONCLUSIONS The modeling simulation and control of assemblig CIM used the extended KANBANS system is a verry good solutions and offers high performance REFERENCES 1 Sirb V Pop E Contributii privind modelarea si simularea liniilor flexibile de fabricatie Simpozionul International SIMPRO Petrosani 2005 2 Sirb V Modelarea si simularea unui CIM de productie Raport de cercetare stiintifica Petrosani 2007 Annals of the University of Petro ani Electrical Engineering 11 2009 pages 72 77 MONITORING QUALITY OF ELECTRICITY FROM A LINE LIGNITE EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGICAL ILIE UTU ABSTRACT The paper undertakes a study of the quality of the electric energy in an open pit Some measurements have been made within electronic devices We also used a personal computer for data acquisition and for interpreted the results o the measurements Using analytic formula we calculated the influence of the voltage and current harmonics for the quality parameters of the electric energy KEYWORDS voltage harmonic current harmonic electric energy quality data acquisition PWM converter 1 INTRODUCTION The current systems of shareholders regardless of method used for adjusting the speed power induction motor generally tends to be made from static frequency
51. e current rotational speed and angular displacement For each of these quantity are recorded and displayed their maximum values with time of occurs their The second front panel is used to command and visualize sequences of starting of the DC motor when start up of motor is made either by steps of voltage or steps of current It can be observed starting operation scheme by closing contactors and circuits achieving closing retention contacts and interlock contacts to prevent reverse connection Here are used as control buttons for connecting the power supply starting the motor in one direction and in the other and stopping the motor also Other elements are type indicator and their activation is done through the digital inputs of the data acquisition board PCI 6024 Auxiliary contacts of contactors from the DC motor control scheme are connected to the digital inputs of the data acquisition board so that it is possible to be observed proper function of control scheme It is also possible to measure either the times or the currents connecting the speed steps to start the DC motor The third front panel is used both for displaying the values of measurements taken from the engine such as excitation voltage supply voltage current speed and angular displacement and control values are exceeded prescribed for them Measurements taken from DC motor values are shown as analog and digital form and 18 PATRASCOIU N LUKACS I TOMUS A are recording in
52. e number m e ale of power electronic equipment together with the whole range of undesirable ancillary effects of the above various national and international bodies have issued recommendations for limiting the harmonic currents H INN ILI3 injected into the network the 118128138 network to maintain acceptable quality of food The reduction of harmonics and their amplitude requires the use of passive or active filters In the particular case of electrical drives can be adopted and controlled rectifier solution These can be controlled so that the power factor of equipment to be quasi Quickset uniform and harmonic content is minimized It requires even acceptable maximum distortion factor THD of current Figure2 Wiring diagram of the device wireless network absorbed less than 5 In this work we present measurements of measurements to study the system as distorting and electricity systems introduced by existing shareholders at a technological line of E M Ro ia Measurements were made with an apparatus for analyzing power quality type Hioki 3197 connected to the processing station serving line equipment technology Current and voltage probes were installed in cells measuring the processing station Schedule Station no 3 in which measurements were made is given in Figure 1 How to connect the measuring device is given in Figure 2 3 MEASUREMENTS MADE TO CONVEYOR BELTS OF EXCAVATORS It goes on to present the results o
53. ected on the bridge diagonally of continuous current The lead way is T1 D2 respectively T2 D1 Sir piine iuli iarta at oa ule r Detteuhern mada Bibiana ae Fig 8 The single phase rectifier with one quadrant Figure 9 represents the three phase rectifier with one quadrant This can be considered like a semi commanded rectifier in three phase bridge made by positive branch P and negative branch N The straightened output voltage is made by the difference between straightened voltages from the two branches a e EI a a a gn 28 POPESCU F MARCU M ORBAN M Fig 9 The three phases rectifier with one quadrant 3 STATIC SWITCH CONTROLLER SIMULATION The static switch controllers are converters were the exit size have the same form with the entry size after modifying the command angle a of thyristors obtaining the converter out put of voltage variation Figure 10 shows the application of main window of static switch controllers simulation software application it allows selection for a c switch controllers single phase or three phase respectively the simulation for d c switch controllers w Simularea variatoarelor r Alegeti tipul variatorului care se simuleaza L L t Fig 10 The application of main window of static variators simulation software application 3 1 A c switch controllers Figure 11 shows the simulation window for a single phase switch controller with resistive charge It can be seen the main me
54. ed simply and economically only in the case of the alternately current through transformers and power autotransformers Operation of transformers and high power autotransformers is based on ensuring uninterrupted operation of electrical installations which have special importance both because that follow disturbances in operation or exploitation of Eng Ph D student Transelectrica transport branch Sibiu Alba lulia Station Romania Lecturer Eng Ph D University of Petrosani Romania THE EXPLOITATION OF HIGH ELECTRICAL POWER TRANSFORMERS AND AUTOTRANSFORMERS maneuvers can be serious but also because the electrical installations are more exposed upset than other types of installations The gravity consequences comes primarily from the presence of the electrical installations in general in a complex energy system and is electrically interconnected with one another a flaw appeared in a place puts out of order the normal functioning of the entire system secondly the gravity faults in electrical installations 1s due to very high energies involved in carrying out their destructive effects leading to extremely high 2 0OPERATION OF TRANSFORMERS AND AUTOTRANSFORMERS In the National Energy System disconnecting transformers autotransformers is usually on the load and then on the supply Logging operation is done in reverse order Maneuvers to impose tension in the empty AT sites will be reduced to the minimum possible to avoid the de
55. efficient for both of the joints 1s 1 130 In the simulation we created a trajectory generating block where we imposed a variation of the angle 8 between 7 z and of the angle 8 between 2 z After simulating we get the folowing results presented in graphical form in the folowing figures VECTORIAL POSITION CONTROL SYSTEM OF THE GMF360 INDUSTRIAL ROBOT 39 pozitiat pozitia2 4S O S Miss C Bk amp E3 PPP d amp E Er OAR x Figure 8 Accelerations of joints one yellow and two purple of the GMF S360 robot AD 2 83 fA Alia BS 2B PPP Ai Fas E ES 150 ii Time offset O Time offset 0 Figure 9 Variation in time of the inertia moments J si J GMF S360 robot 40 EGRI A SIRB V STOICUTA O BI XY Graph A Plot Time offset 0 Figure10 Diagram of the estimated rotoric Figure 11 Variation in time of the imposed speed Flux of the induction motor purple and the estimated yellow of the induction motor wich controlles joint one Time offset Figure 12 Variation in time of the imposed speed purple and the estimated yellow of the induction motor wich controlles joint two From what we shown above we conclude that the regulation system presented in figure 6 has very good dynamic performances so that it can be used successfully in practical aplications that need to modify the position of industrial robots 5 CONCLUSIONS Th
56. ement with programmable equipments also allowing the integration of different automation systems from different generations conveying the information to a superior network internal dispatching to allow further developments it is necessary an open system 2 3 SOLUTIONS The solution that is going to carry out is to provide information to the next higher level that can be found in figure 2 to that of the local monitoring represented in figure 1 as follows to represent in the form of a synoptic scheme the whole technological process represented in Data Highway figure 2 These schemes allow the Local statipn Dual rr dena n visual modeling representation in the form of a picture which are placed on items such as values ae collected from the process unts 10 ESSE AHK Analog 8 equipment and measurement field III III E ci elements related to other schemes E EA Curial Devices representations of diagrams etc Figure 1 Local monitoring system maintaining and permanently updating a database that contains either momentary values neither average account database evolution etc POSSIBILITIES TO MODERNIZE THE DISPATCH SYSTEMS COMMAND AND CONTROL OF THE NEUTRALIZATION INSTALLATIONS OF INDUSTRIAL WATERS 63 the chronological records of events overshoot recurrences in size of the analogue limits binary changing states the publication of reports at the time day and month printing the reports and t
57. er the data are measured values harmonic analysis and temporal variation in flow and pressure at different times VIEW ld RECORDING 3P4W2E 104 240v HD1 2 USE 2098 01 16 VIEW WAVEFORM 7 m USE 2088 81 26 VIEN RECORDING 3P4W2E 104 240 5B BBHz 230 9 243 4 241 8 TTD RECORDING 341 3 344 H 34H 9 E USE 2008 91 16 uwmi2 12 2 pau 348 7 86 345 1 A 25H Fig 5 Capture voltage and current On the basis of such catches were calculated current and voltage harmonic amplitudes and coefficients distorting features of the regime The results of calculations for voltage and current amplitudes are shown in Tables no 1 and 2 and the coefficient values of the regime characteristics are given in Table 3 format Table 1 The values of harmonic voltage Harmonic Voltage Harmonic Set of measurement Order i 2 4 5 6 L Xr 908 0 o 0o 10 19 54 0 0 0 5 Table 2 The values of harmonic currents Harmonic Current Harmonic Set of measurement Order 1 2 4 5 6 19 632 0 610 176 7 328 jq TE e qp og 9997 0 25 395 0 030 044 0 MONITORING QUALITY OF ELECTRICITY FROM A LINE LIGNITE EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGICAL Tg Table no 3 Actual value Distortion Weighted Harmonic Voltage V coefficient Distortion factor Current A TDH coefficient FA 9o Dw 175 544 174 3047 1 023 0 0144 1 191 0 021
58. erter who transform the entry continue voltage into a orthogonal voltage impulses The exit voltage medium 30 POPESCU F MARCU M ORBAN M value its may be modified between 0 and entry value of voltage in function with the rapport between the period when the chopper is controlling and the period when this is blocked Figure 5 shows simulation window for function simulation of one of static variator by a quadrant realized with thyristor being represented the wave forms characteristic to the charge the main thyristor and the switch off circuit Variatoare de tensi ilie Bane ce Tipu se marit cerului Pripad de Functionuane al TC Fig 5 Simulation window for function simulation of d c switch controller by a quadrant realized with thyristors Entering command in the main thyristor conductivity is to be done by pushing the related command button and to switch off the main thyristor its related push button is pressed Figure 6 shows the simulation window related with the d c switch controller in four quadrants from the same window it is possible to be modified the operation quadrant using the four radio buttons and also the period for the switch controller or conductivity period Varialoare de tensiune continua Tipu venetondu Principa de hunchonare ad WTE IRIURE Fig 6 The simulation window related with the d c switch controller in four quadrants SIMULATION SOFTWARE FOR STATIC RECTIFIERS AND STA
59. etween the state of the reference model and the state of the adjustable model is presented in figure 2 34 EGRI A SIRB V STOICUTA O ee ee E l HON LIBNEAE BLOCK Figure 2 The block diagram of the system that describes the dynamic evolution of the error between the state of teh reference model and the state of the adjustable model 3 VECTORIAL SPEED CONTROL SYSTEM The block diagram of the control system of the mechanical angular speed o of the induction engine with a discreet orientation after the rotor flux DFOC is presented in fig 3 EXTENDED GOPIHATH CORSERVER ONT coy Fig 3 The block diagram of the DFCO vectorial control system which contains an EGO loop In fig 3 we marked with B2 the control block of the speed control system with direct orientation after the rotor flux DFOC and with Bl the extended Gopinath estimator block EGO Some of the equations that define the vector control system are given by the elements which compose the field orientation block and consist of Stator tensions decoupling block C U 2 l ok lesa u mE b v 0s W Oy T TTZ Or d i V 2 qsA b l qs Ca p T r a D Tr ds 1 r PI flux regulator PI_y defined by the K proportionality constant and the 7 integration time VECTORIAL POSITION CONTROL SYSTEM OF THE GMF360 INDUSTRIAL ROBOT dx dt E 35 v K P gt Xe TOES v zn y
60. f measurements of electrical drives supply line of conveyor belts T500 T501 and MAM 1 Measurements were made in different operating regimes of shareholders on the supply line MONITORING QUALITY OF ELECTRICITY FROM A LINE LIGNITE EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGICAL 75 Measurement results are presented in the following figures given how the variation of voltages and currents values of active power reactive power factor variation and variation of deformation factor Bw ian Ub ies rpm Dein ibis di ET iE nri mima ria mI D SS Tewda o x LN d PPS SEE aS Ware m baiar a ee in OFT ee ios ters Figure 3 Effective voltage variation ma pit Terr 18 enin T fummam P ILI Zi Fuga aoe ra don l e T rae m aet T C E y Sa ma ee fip jiga PO O g o hia Figure 4 Effective current variation Measurement results are presented in the following figures given how the variation of voltages and currents values of active power reactive power factor variation and variation of deformation factor The analysis of these graphs it may be concluded that there is strong disturbance in voltage and current changes Changes in power factor are poor which is below 0 5 and even lower in elevated pregnancy 76 UTU I Regarding the factor of distortion it is low in these charts can not draw lessons clear For this reason it has further catches made using power quality analyz
61. fier The dead time Timp may vary from zero to one half the period of an AC source 0 01 s for 50 Hz It is assumed that six phase thyristor bridge with mean dead time Timp 1 67ms is used in the converter A classic DC drive with two PID controllers is presented on Fig 2 It was assumed to neglect a derivative signal and to use PI operation of a current controller only Parameters of the current controller were derived from the model parameters using rules of module and symmetry Then Nonlinear Control Design Blockset NCD was used for automatic tuning of the controller parameters to minimize the transient overshot simple transfer function model of motor current versus voltage was used a A ia IasS 1 2 Got m where kia is gain of DC motor and T the armature circuit time constant synchronization signals DC Molor filter Controler n Figure 2 A classic DC drive with two PID controllers Similar procedure was used to find parameters of velocity controller The 90 T B CARU T simulation results DC motor current and angular velocity vs time are presented on Fig 3 This is raw simulation as linear model has very low granularity AC component of current and switching of currents in thyristor bridge are neglected Only envelope of transients can be seen on simulation output lt la gt 0 05 1 15 2 25 Time Figure 3 Simulation results DC motor current and angular velocity vs time 2
62. group has more than 15 students that group is split up into 2 or more semi groups These semi groups are represented in the timetable by a vertical line The image below shows the semi group representation COMPUTER Figure 3 Semi group representation 3 THE DATABASE DESIGN Now that you have a basic understanding about the way to build a timetable its time to talk about the database design The above figure below shows the database tables and the relationship between them for the timetable application This database will be used to hold the necessary data in order to generate the timetable parts These parts will be the courses that will be held at a university The courses will have additional information attached but the main part of a timetable entry will be represented by a course A VOICE COMMANDED WPF DATABASE MANAGEMENT APPLICATION 81 ProfsSubjects Professors Profid P Profld SubjectId FirstName LastName GroupsSubjects Groupld SubjectsRooms SubjectId RoomId Semester SubjectId HoursPerWeek Subjects SubjectId SubjectCode SubjectType Groups Name Groupld Description HE GroupName li noon Specialization SemiGroupho RoomDescription SubjectTypes Typeld Specializations TypeName SpecId SpecName Figure 4 The timetable database The Specializations table will be used to hold information about the different specializations that exist at a
63. he ability to connect measuring devices to a computer so as to provide a record of the measurements The user can set the number of records made or the period on which those records are made REFERENCES 1 P tr coiu N Sisteme de achizitie si prelucrare a datelor Instrumentatie virtuala Ed Didactica si Pedagogica Bucuresti 2004 pe LabVIEW for Measurement and Data Analysis National Instruments Ian 2003 4 MAS345 Operator s Instruction Manual http www p mastech com products 04 dm mas345 hys004695 pdf Annals of the University of Petro ani Electrical Engineering 11 2009 pages 10 15 AUTOMATIC COMMAND OF A CONVEYOR BELT USING P L C POANTA ARON SOCHIRCA BOGDAN ABSTRACT Jn this paper it is described an automatic system with programmable logic controller for the command of a belt conveyer By the technical and functioning specification from which result the opportunity of using a programmable logic controller it will be realized the design of the system the algorithm for the command of a belt conveyer and the implementation of the system KEYWORDS automatic command plc conveyer belt timing diagram 1 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION The design of the system presumes to formulate the technical and functional specification To set up these specifications we have to take in consideration the requirement of the nature condition technological condition safety and protection condition command sig
64. he absence of the indicated factory building the transformers cooled by natural circulation of oil and blowing air NS it is given a long operation to 60 of nominal power in its absence Concerning the transformers with forced oil circulation and cooling blow air or water FS or FA the operation of the transformer is allowed when the pumps or fans are stopped for a period of up to 10 minutes at full load or one hour at idle Chart 1 Overload 30 60 75 100 140_ Forced ventilation is turned on reaching a temperature of 55 C oil in the upper strata and to overcome whatever the nominal current regardless the oil temperature The cooling water installation in the transformers with forced cooling water will Trafo Guard always be kept in operation regardless of the load size that is charged the transformer At the service installation the oil pump starts first and then that of the water and to the removal from service it stops the water pump first and then the oil to remove the possibility of entering the water in oil Monitoring temperature oil level control and automatic cooling installation of the transformer cooling autotransformers of Figure 2 Trafo Guard Interface CNTEE Translelectrica is provided by the Traf Guard AKM Trafo Guard calculates the autotransformer s wrappings temperature according to the oil temperature at a THE EXPLOITATION OF HIGH ELECTRICAL POWER TRANSFORMERS AND A
65. he enterprises 2 OBJECTIVES To find an easy way to use these requirements it is trying to develop a system of an effective dispatching management that should simultaneously assure the leadership of the technology process to enable the information exchange with a 62 STEFAN C PASCULESCU D superior network and should be uniform as the technical development operation and maintenance The main purpose in the management of a technological facility lies in optimizing its operation in compliance with the requirements for total cost and environmental protection ensuring in the same time the maximum availability and the safety operation Therefore the system of management should ensure the increased safety in the installations operation avoiding damages to the effects on personnel or equipments and increasing the availability of manufacturing capacity the economics operation achieving reduced consumptions of certain high yields and thus obtaining lower production costs the improvement of working conditions and reduces the volume of operations that require physical effort and increase the skills of the operating personnel reduce the need for routines activities thus providing the possibility to minimize the labor involved in the operating activities maintenance and administration a flexible concept of communication that allows access to all data process necessary to manage the operational process a system of manag
66. he evolution if data graphs visual alarm in fault operating conditions displaying the current and the historical process of size The current graphs should allow a quick view of the graph s size to see its evolution Historical charts allow the grouping of several sizes on the same diagram in order to review the data orientation to communications based on the protocol TCP IP Transmission Control Protocol Internet Protocol which allows access to the specialized users in data acquisition process of the neutralization installations accessing the data or the operation of various functions LAN Local Area Network network through several computer stations active simultaneously the possibility of distance communication with a higher level dispatcher to its request for transmitting data from remote process parameters followed in the process by an Ethernet interface communication and a suitable communication system described in figure 2 3 4 to implement the programs and the service units with an extended program Higher Jewel Factarr ETHERNET SWITCH higher spate hn Figure 2 Higher level dispatching using a PC intermediated by the Internet IT System SCADA System Control and Data Acquisition is a software designed to allow the dispatching and the flow monitoring technology through a supervisor system PC which receives the data transmitted by remote communication networks Profibus or Ethernet from the programma
67. he simulation software for static converter function it is realized like a Windows independent application helping with Visual Basic s software package Once the simulation software is launched one window is opened allowing choosing the simulation type to be run using radio buttons KEYWORDS switch converter static rectifier software simulation bridge I INTRODUCTION The development of industrial automation leads by default also to the improvement of electrical drives systems as more than these systems represent the most spread conversion type of the electrical energy in the mechanical energy The static converters CS have become an important element in supply systems with electrical energy of every kind of consumers The static converters are used in adjustable systems to the static action in this case the assignment being an electrical engine most frequently Hereby by an adequate command given by a controller in to a close circuit the static converters adjust the output electrical energy parameters to the necessity demand by electrical engine The rectifiers are static converters with natural switching which realize the electrical energy changeover from alternative current into continuous current and reverse due to their power semiconductor elements components Assistant Eng at University of Petrosani PhD Associate at University of Petrosani PhD Associate at University of Petrosani SIMULATION SOFTWARE FOR STATIC RECTIF
68. ibution along line on the capacitor location and the reactance value as the compensation efficiency of line reactance we consider an overhead line of 20AV having conductors of the section 100 ROMANESCU A PASCULESCU D 95 mm and length 40km with the distributed uniform load The apparent power at line beginning is 3 5 exp jo MVA and the voltage on MV bus of substation 1s U 204KV In the Table 1 are given obtained results for the series compensated line with distributed uniform load and for line with distributed linear load respectively for line with the distributed uniform load without compensation From the table 1 it observes that the capacitor location depend on both the power factor and the load distribution along line For the line with distributed uniform load and one series capacitor the location capacitor will be at more distance of the line beginning The capacitor reactance has the least value for the line with distributed linear loads to cos 0 8 In point of the relative deviations of voltages in relation to the rated voltage from the interest buses it 1s noted that the least values result for the line with distributed linear loads and cos 0 9 and values result for the line with distributed linear loads and the most values result for lines with uniform distribution load and cosg 0 8 If it compares the relative deviations of voltages at the line end provided with compensation and at the line without compensa
69. in relations 2 Daa S U sU AU c max S 1l AU c adm 2 eges E 1 3 i Lou max adm where U is the voltage in a section of line i INFLUENCE OF THE LOAD DISTRIBUTION ALONG LINE ON THE LOCATION OF SERIES CAPACITOR IN MEDIUM VOLTAGE NETWORKS 95 AU I AU c aqm the maximum and admissible voltage at capacitor terminals C max C adm the maximum and admissible current via capacitor C max By using a proper protection of the capacitor the over voltage at capacitor terminals and overload during shortcircuits that occur behind the capacitor can be eliminated So the only constraint that has to be fulfilled is the one regarding the voltage profile along the line 2 1 The line with distributed uniform loads Consider an electrical network with balanced and distributed uniform loads Fig 1 At moment t peak load we know electrical load Z from the line beginning iy 4 m Figurel Line with distributed uniform loads Considering the electrical line with parameters per unit length distributed Zo j x9 impedance per unit length and the constant load density ij const ij iy ji in A m the voltage drop for the line without compensation is 3 L 2 AU AU j 3U V3 f zy iy ae V3 ash 0 3 where 2 AU Gu ioa Fo dg Xo B is the longitudinal component of voltage drop L length of line T U 45 ioa OUS x the cross component of voltage drop In the
70. inath observer EGO The design of the EGO observer is performed based on an adaptive mechanism using the notion of Popov hyperstability Thus this type of observer is included in the estimation methods type based on an adaptation mechanism along with the Extended Luenberger Observer ELO proposed by Kubota and the Model Adaptive System MRAS observer proposed by Schauder In the second part of the paper we present the vectorial position colntoll system of the GMF30600 industrial robot 2 THE GOPINATH EXTENDED OBSERVER The equations that define the rotor flux Gopinath observer are Assoc prof eng phd at the University of Petro ani Lecturer eng phd at the University of Petro ani Assist eng phd student at the University of Petrosani VECTORIAL POSITION CONTROL SYSTEM OF THE GMF360 INDUSTRIAL ROBOT 33 a a i a w b u dt 11 s5 12 V ll 2s a i a 2 i i di ails Tan YW Tg di deo where a 11 T Oo i A x E A3 E E To A Leo 549 5 03 T Ay Gy J Z 0 0 I zI x M o l E o R R Ial In the relations above we marked with the identified electrical sizes of the induction engine The block diagram of the EGO 1s presented in figure 1 INDUCTION MOTOR GOPIN ATH OBSERVER ADAPTATION MECHANISM Figure The Principle Schematic of the EGO Estimator The block diagram of the system that describes the dynamic evolution of the error b
71. inerie electrica Senzori si traductoare Editura Matrix Rom Bucuresti 2004 2 Cristian Mateescu si Luminita Mateescu Sisteme de comanda si control Analiza proiectare aplicatii Editura Matrix Rom Bucuresti 2005 3 Daniel Popescu Automate programabile Constructie functionare programari si aplicatii Editura Matrix Rom Bucuresti 2006 4 David Bailey Practical SCADA for Industry Linare House Jordan Hill Edwin Wright Oxford IDC Tehnologies 2003 5 Dusa V VaidaV Comanda si controlul functionarii retelelor electrice Editura Tehnica Bucuresti 2001 6 Carmen Teodosiu Tehnologia apei potabile si industriale I si II Editura Economic Bucuresti 1998 Annals of the University of Petro ani Electrical Engineering 11 2009 pages 66 71 CIM CONTROL WITH EXTENDED KANBANS SYSTEM VALI CHIVUTA SIRB ANGELA EGRI OLIMPIU STOICUTA ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper is to present the extended KANBANS system that are utilized in the modeling and simulation of CIM systems KEYWORDS Extended KANBAN control system generalized stochastic Petri Nets flexible manufacturing systems 1 INTRODUCTION The paper presents a KANBAN systems allow dealing with different kinds of those strategies trying to smooth and balance material flows by using several appropriately controlled intermediate inventories In essence KANBANS are cards that circulate between a machine or a sequence of machines and a downstream buffer When a
72. ing From the relation 19 results that in the case the linear variation of load the voltage drop on line is equal with the voltage drop produced of concentrated load Z placed in the centre of triangle Fig 3 INFLUENCE OF THE LOAD DISTRIBUTION ALONG LINE ON THE LOCATION OF SERIES CAPACITOR IN MEDIUM VOLTAGE NETWORKS 99 If it neglects cross component of the voltage drop then the voltage loss on the line without compensation is 2 AU V3 ny ving xo oy 20 Leaving from the voltage drop expression given by the relation 20 it establishes calculus relations of voltage in the interest points Fig 3 thus The voltage before capacitor is given by relation aay de arbre 21 where U is voltage at the line beginning AU 2 43 r da i a voltage drop per unit length ro Xo Specific resistance and reactance related per unit length 1 1 active and reactive component of the load current at the line beginning The voltage after capacitor 1s 2 et 22 pee 0 ek mii 22 3 L L The voltage at the line end is L 2 U U 7 L U AU E TER 23 1 Substitution of relations 21 22 and 23 into relation 1 after the achievement of calculations result the capacitor location and its reactance value o NBh 5 3 Uo U _ 73 Sepia ae ge 24 2 318 43 34U U 4 we po ce mee 25 A ERIE AU 3 NUMERICAL APPLICATION To make out the influence of the electrical load distr
73. is paper presents a new type of flux estimator and rotoric resistence of an induction motor called the extended Gopinath estiamtor VECTORIAL POSITION CONTROL SYSTEM OF THE GMF360 INDUSTRIAL ROBOT 41 The Gopinath flux estimator whose gate matrix is calculated with the relations 3 ensures the adjustment system very good dynamic performances that gives us the possibility to assert that such an estimator could be successfully used in industrial applications The paper imposes using induction servodrives versus countinous current servodrives in industrial robots This fact has a great impact on industrial robotics because of the advantages of induction servodrives comapared to the ones using continous current The only disadvantage of a system like this is the current relative high cost Because of the fact that the speed control system is made around an extended Gopinath estimator that estiamtes of course rotoric resistance we can say that the vectorial control system of position is stabil at slow speeds when rotoric resistence increases with the increase of temperature REFERENCES 1 Schauder C Adaptive Speed Identification for Vector Control of Induction Motors without Rotational Transducers IEEE Trans Ind Applicat vol 28 no 5 pages 1054 1061 Sept Oct 1992 2 Vas P Vector Control of AC Machines Clarondon press Oxford 1990 3 Popov M Hyperstability of Control Systems Springer Verlag New York 1973 Anna
74. j 0 oy where o is the variant introduced by the u entry o and o the variants introduced by the i and v state vector 3 THE LUENBERGER ESTIMATOR As it is the case with the Kalman estimator the equations defining the Luenberger estimator were written based on the mathematical model of the induction motor model given by the state canonical equations 1 in which the process noise vector w k and measurement noise v k are considered null Based on the preceding the Luenberger estimator equation is X k 1 Fy X k Hy u k Ly yk C X K 11 where F and H matrixes are obtained from the A and B matrixes of the induction motor model in time domain through digitization using one of the methods given by the relations 3 and 4 In on line computing of the Luenberger matrix is used the method of rotating its self values These formulae composing the Luenberger matrix are to be deduced from the continuous case obtaining the L matrix from which through digitization the L matrix is deduced Through assuring the proportionality of the rotated self values it results the stability of the estimator no matter what the speed is Obviously the proportionality of the rotated self values A 4 5 k e A Will not be maintained following the digitization but the stability will The mathematical expression of the L matrix is ki k k k tae Ki 11 ky ko2 ka kz where ki a a U k k 5k
75. lar 2 Fassa X omuande Dp Mole 4 annes 3 sature Figure 1 The system algorithm 12 POANTA A SOCHIRCA B 3 THE SYSTEM The algorithm was implemented in Klockner Moeller EASY 512 The system structure can be observed in figure 2 SR TE FEED FEED FEED AS I BACK BACK BACK izolator KE M M M3 P ee Diana aa COMAND MI moe COMAND M2 Barier da COMAND M3 g siguran ZONA SIGUR ZON N IAL EXPLOZIVA Figure 2 The system description The input output of the PLC will be I start button I general fault I stop button I4 M fault I M gt fault Is M3 fault Q acuoustic signaling Q command M Q command M Q4 command M The combination between I and I will reset the system and will restart the system after a fault occurs In figure 3 is described the start of the system After the start button is pressed I1 the acoustic signal will be herd for about 3 seconds after that the command to start the motor 1 will be given another acoustic signal and the motor 2 will start and after another 3 seconds of acoustic signal the motor 3 will start This can be observed in the start timing diagram form the figure 3 AUTOMATIC COMMAND OF A CONVEYOR BELT USING P L C 13 Figure 3 Timing diagram for starting the system In case a general fault will occurs the system will give the command to stops all the motors figure 4 Figure 4 General fault occurs In figure 5 it can be observed
76. line beginning and the reactance value is greater for lines with less section conductors or for more loaded lines 2 2 Line with distributed uniform loads wherefore two capacitor banks achieve the compensation In the case long lines and loaded if one series capacitor is not sufficient for the improvement of the voltage profile on line two and more series capacitors can be used Thus it avoids the possibility that the voltage downstream from capacitor pass over INFLUENCE OF THE LOAD DISTRIBUTION ALONG LINE ON THE LOCATION OF SERIES CAPACITOR IN MEDIUM VOLTAGE NETWORKS 97 admissible upper limit Forwards we consider an electrical line with distributed uniform loads and its reactance compensation it carry out with two capacitors Fig 2 Figure 2 Line with distributed uniform loads and two series compensation installation As in the previous case for the determination of the two capacitor locations and optimal reactance values the same procedure is used Thus voltages in the interest points are given by relations 9 13 AU U U AU L x dx Uy 1 QL 1 9 0 U U 5I QL D 3 Xe ig L 1 10 dy sp AU i ECT yi 0 2 11 USUS 93 X5 tbe 12 2 U U EE eS X do L7 D 43 Xc vip L7 1 1 13 After the achievement of calculations result reactance values X Xc on the side the two capacitor locations si N 2 U U 2 MS AL yj Eat Mud 72 14 20 dy AU a qas ss a ui Nade 15 3
77. ller parameters G pulse converter va qa pbi puc c RN T sp rel Sp ramp tii aii Controller n filter Figure 6 Fuzzy controller 4 LINGUISTIC VARIABLES AND RULES There are two variables error and INTEG error and seven linguistic variables from big negative to big positive The fuzzy controller attributes are type mamdani andMethod prod orMethod max defuzzMethod centroid impMethod prod aggMethod max Troputs Jee SE PICE OEI ie oSbpructl rule 1x25 struct The membership functions pimf and gausmf are used and rules are design tools that give opportunity to model a control surface and controller properties It is obvious that using this attributes one can more precisely fulfill a quality criterion in full operational range The control surface Fig 7 is defined with 25 rules 92 T B CARU T 0 meat INTEGerror 1 Ed Figure 7 Control surface 5 RESULTS simulation output for fuzzy controller is similar to PI controller output presented unless one considers how controller reacts for external disturbation The investigation showed that even simple fuzzy controller used to control DC drive operation fig 6 is more precise and faster than of PI controller Fig 8 80 a 60 40 20 0 0 02 0 04 0 06 0 08 0 1 time Figure 8 Simulation output for fuzzy controller REFERENCES 1 Driankov D and all An introdu
78. lowing conditions the gas collected from gas relay do not smell and are not flammable the release was ordered only by one of the basic protections of the autotransformer samples and measurements had best results in the absence of a primary event back up protections didn t start 5 6 3 CONCLUSIONS The most important objectives for any company be it generation transmission or distribution in the settlement of the electricity market 1s to cut costs and increase safety in operation Because of this the correct operation and maintenance of power transformers of SEN it becomes more important because they are among the most expensive equipments and their failure leads to the reduction of transport capacity and hence the industry efficiency Romanian Power System SEN is operating a number of 135 principal units and totalize 34525 MVA as follows 2x 750 400 kV 44 x 400 220 KV 89 x 220 110 kV Economically and functionally it is very important the management efficiency operation of these transformers aimed at maximum use of existing transformers taking the most efficient and remedy measures of the major faults THE EXPLOITATION OF HIGH ELECTRICAL POWER TRANSFORMERS AND AUTOTRANSFORMERS REFERENCES 1 C Saal Actionari electrice i automatiz ri Ed Didactic i Pedagogic Bucure ti 1980 2 I Boldea Transformatoare si ma ini electrice Ed Politehnic Timi oara 2006 3 I Dumitrache O
79. ls of the University of Petro ani Electrical Engineering 11 2009 pages 42 49 THE EXPLOITATION OF HIGH ELECTRICAL POWER TRANSFORMERS AND AUTOTRANSFORMERS ANDREI ROMANESCU DRAGOS PASCULESCU ABSTRACT 7n the present work there is about the exploitation of transformers and autotransformers of high power of the national energy system transformers that are found in all plants for the production of electricity authorized ANRE as stations of transmission and distribution of electricity The primary operation of these equipments includes the following handling operations the removal or placing under tension operations command batteries fans switch contacts operations to monitor the main nominal sizes that characterize the operation of power transformers primary and secondary voltage active and reactive power frequency loss mode of action in some events possible faults and their remedy in operation KEY WORDS transformer autotransformer interface switch box control panel I GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS In the power stations from Romania according to the settlements issued by ANRE the voltage produced in the electrical generators is 6 24kV The economic transport of the produced power requires high voltages In place of use however the electricity must have a low voltage to be used by consumers So it is required the processing power of a certain voltage of electricity in different power This problem is resolv
80. ls that the application is using are implemented in the same way with little variations This is why the paper will describe only one user control 6 THE SPECIALIZATION CONTROL The specialization user control is used to edit the Specialization table This user control has a very simple UI The control can be seen in the image below Calculatoare Transporturi Figure 8 The specialization user control The top section shows a list with all the specializations in the table The section at the bottom shows the details for the selected specialization The user can add a specialization delete a specialization and save changes by using the 3 buttons at the bottom The xaml for the list can be seen below lt ListBox Name lstSpecializations Margin 4 ItemsSource Binding IsSynchronizedWithCurrentItem True ListBox As you can see the ItemsSource property is bound to the entire data context The data context will be set in code The text box is bound to the SpecName property of the currently selected specialization The xaml for the text box can be seen below TextBox Grid Column 1 Margin 2 Name txtDescription ToolTip Binding RelativeSource RelativeSource Self Path Validation Errors 0 BrrorContent gt Tex CSOs LE lt Binding Path SpecName UpdateSourceTrigger PropertyChanged gt lt Binding ValidationRules gt vyr EmpotyStringValildation c vriEmptybtringValidatrion lt Binding Validatio
81. mands and electrodynamics shock current magnetisation A particular attention should be paid for switching maneuvers contacts avoid the automatic on extreme contacts if the temperature of oil in autotransformers is below 10 C the operation of the contacts switch is prohibited the switch contacts will act only after approval has been requested from the dispatcher with the authority of its decision and approval and the commutation is going to be confirmed Figure 1 Power autotransformer S 200MVA 44 ROMANESCU A PASCULESCU D It 1s always necessary to look at the voltmeters when the contacts commutation and the increase decrease tension were correctly done When the transformers are put into function this operation is repeated in all stages If the autotransformer is back not under tension and should be put into service even if the oil temperature in the autotransformer is less than 10 C it will proceed as follows according to the dispatch center s approval having authority of decision the autotransformer will be put under tension by connecting it to the high voltage switch 400 kV when the oil from the autotransformer comes warm the switch will be operated the switch of low voltage will be connected 220 kV In an overload operation a continuous surveillance of the measuring equipment will be made primary and secondary current primary and secondary voltage the oil temperature In t
82. measures of the entry vector the stator tensions reported to the dq oriented axis system uk ug ua PD 6 the measures of the state vector the stator currents and the rotor fluxes in the dq oriented axis system 80 00 igs Yar vu Q0 7 and the measures of the exit vector the stator currents in the dq oriented axis system ve bias ia Q0 8 the algorithm of the Kalman estimator is I k k 1 2 Fi 4 P k Vk D Fla Oy K k 3T k k 1 c e enl amp k k 1 Fi 4 3 k 1 k 2D Hy u k 1 9 amp k k 2 x k k 2 4 K K v k C x k k 1 P k k I4 K k C T k k 1 where K K is the Kalman matrix x k k the estimated states vector at the k T moment I k k 1 the co variation matrix prior to the x k k 1 extrapolated state and P k k the co variation matrix following the x k k estimated state The estimation error of the Kalman estimator is x k k x k x k k and the initial conditions are P 0 0 2 A and x 0 0 2 xy where xy is considered a null vector COMPARATIVE STUDY FROM THE KALMAN FILTER S STABILITY POINT OF VIEW AND THE LUENBERGER ESTIMATOR WITHIN A VECTORIAL CONTROL SYSTEM IN WHICH THE LUENBERGER ESTIMATOR IS PROJECTED ON SELF VALUE ROTARY BASED METHOD 53 and FP is determined as a solution of the Ricatti estimator The Q and R co variation matrixes are constant and are tuned based on the following formulae 3 o 0 p 0y 0i 0 2 0 o 0 Oy Oji ps Vigo S 10 0 o p Oy Oj 0 Oy 0 0 p Oy O
83. nRules gt A VOICE COMMANDED WPF DATABASE MANAGEMENT APPLICATION 85 Binding gt Tent Bot Lei gt lt TextBox gt As you can see I m also setting the tool tip to show the validation errors The list of specializations is retrieved in a separate thread in order to not block the UI For this I m using a Background Worker The DoWork handler code can be seen below private void worker_DoWork object sender DoWorkEventArgs e specializations new ObservableCollection lt Specialization gt context SpecializationSet I oObisti s After getting the specializations list on a background thread I m binding the UI This has to be done in the same thread as the UI The RunWorkerCompleted handler runs on the same thread as the UI so this will be the perfect place to bind the list of specializations to the UI list The code can be seen below private void worker_RunWorkerCompleted object sender RunWorkerCompletedEventArgs e view CollectionView CollectionViewSource GetDefaultView specializati ons DataContext view EnableButtons true In order to add a new specialization I m using the new button This button uses the new command The new command handler can be seen in the code below private void new Executed object sender ExecutedRoutedEventArgs e Specialization spec new Specialization context AddToSpecializationSet spec specializations Add spec view MoveCurrentTo spec txtDes
84. naling and dispatch condition The technological conditions assume the start of the system to be done by an external button in the case of multi motor drive need to be done by a delay between each motor the stop of the system need to be done by an external button or by a fault condition the possibility to integrate the system in a complex automatic system The safety and protection conditions assume the possibility to stop the conveyer belt from any point of the system the automatic stop of the conveyer belt in the case of any fault that appear in the functioning of the system The command signaling and dispatch conditions assume Ph D Prof Eng at University of Petrosani Ph D Student Assistant Eng at University of Petrosani AUTOMATIC COMMAND OF A CONVEYOR BELT USING P L C 11 emit acoustic signal before starting each motor the possibility to send information regarding the conveyer belt to a dispatch point the existing of an emergency button which will stop the entire process 2 THE ALGORITHM The general functioning algorithm was realized regarding with the technical specification and it is described in figure 1 START declaratii zcluderi Inziial izare componente Suna buzzer 3 sec Inchide releu Tea releu Tinchia 7 Mater 1 ponit Sine huza cer Inchade releu Z Bst releu 2 inchis Suma hurezer 3 aec Inchide releu 3 Asbepinre Resetare sistem Oprire Motor Pura 3 secure Lipire Mo
85. nia pp 87 94 2009 6 Stoicuta O Pana T Stability Study of an Induction Motor Vector Controlled System using Extended Gopinath Estimator 8th International Conference on Advanced Electromechanical Motion Systems ELECTROMOTION Lille France 2009 7 Pana T Stoicuta O Stability Study of Kalman Filter in IM Vector Controlled Systems National Conference CNAE Cluj Napoca Romania pp 191 196 2006 8 Pana T Stoicuta O Small speed asymptotic stability study of induction motor sensorless vector control systems with extended Luenberger estimator AQTR 2008 Cluj Napoca Romania Pages 248 253 2008 9 Pana T Stoicuta O Small speed asymptotic stability study of an induction motor sensorless speed control system with extended Luenberger estimator In proceedings of the International Conference on Optimization of Electrical and Electronic Equipment OPTIM 2008 11th EDITION Brasov Romania Pages 175 180 2008 10 Pana T Stoicuta O Small speed asymptotic stability study of an induction motor sensorless speed control system with extended Gopinath observer In proceedings of the European Conference on Modelling and Simulation ECMS 2009 Madrid Spain Pages 175 180 2009 Annals of the University of Petro ani Electrical Engineering 11 2009 pages 60 65 POSSIBILITIES TO MODERNIZE THE DISPATCH SYSTEMS COMMAND AND CONTROL OF THE NEUTRALIZATION INSTALLATIONS OF INDUSTRIAL WATERS
86. nologies are in general in a large potential to reduce operating costs and increase the productivity thereby contributing to an increased competitiveness as a result of reducing the consumption of raw materials and energy the level of emissions pollutants and by preventing the waste engendering In the context defined above the environmental technologies are applied in almost all the sectors of activity their use generating long term advantages that outrun the initial costs of investment and create the premises for reducing the environmental externalities generated by economic activities The water authorities control additional unannounced at irregular periods of time taking place at a random check to see 1f the self monitoring results are reliable The current authorizations for water include the following essential components as core content heavy metals if they are relevant as a result of their use the concentration values and the quantities for copper nickel and chromium from the metal coating lines reductions in sewage around 90 after the neutralization the requirements for the improvement of the sewage conditions further measures the monitoring settlement self control proper monitoring monitoring by the authority The most important requirements to be really fulfilled are that the limiting adequate values to be frequently monitored As a result comprehensive obligations of self monitoring are imposed to t
87. nsformer found in the operation of the transformer autotransformer oil leaks over heating limits abnormal noises etc must be immediately communicated to the dispatch center with authority and decision management center operation is recorded in the operative register and in the nonconformities damages If the oil temperature increases the operational staff will try to trace the causes of increase temperature and then take remedial measures It will be verified as loading transformers autotransformers and the temperature corresponding to this load the operation of the cooling installation number of cooling batteries It will follow the operation of oil pumps and fans for the battery 4 5 If the autotransformer transformer are released there are checked the alerts protections that have worked there are investigated possible external causes that could produce the release short circuit network overloading damages to the installation protection it is checked if the transformer autotransformer have no visible signs of damage If the release is due to external causes to the autotransformer these can be in tension with the approval of the technical manager of the branch and of the center dispatcher authoritative decision If you can not find the cause release in according with the technical manager of the branch the transformer autotransformer can be put into operation if there are simultaneously satisfied the fol
88. nts subsystem for data acquisition and their primary processing level transducers pH meter redox meter the agitators starting the command of the electro valves and the pumps PLC Programmable Logic Controller block operator HMI Human Machine Interface subsystem of communication Profibus Ethernet wireless modem antennas and communication servers factory dispatcher subsystem PC printer and software required to view and control the equipment automatic acquisition of technological process parameters through transducers that generate unified signals 4 20mA 0 2 10 mV S CONCLUSIONS A modern system of automation equipment based on logic programmable area ensure increased quality of business management in all phases of the operation normal start stop deliberate or damage The management system based on equipment with programmable logic is used for office automation an area of performance The innovation of this project is mainly the possibility of introducing the POSSIBILITIES TO MODERNIZE THE DISPATCH SYSTEMS COMMAND AND CONTROL OF THE NEUTRALIZATION INSTALLATIONS OF INDUSTRIAL WATERS 05 modular decentralized structures distributed on the process and performed by the PLC Programmable Logic Controller with all the facilities provided by them as well as the possibility to interface several interactive systems as HMI with PC by the agency of SCADA REFERENCES 1 Adriana Alexandru 7ratat de ing
89. nu to choose the type of switch controller with two thyristors with one thyristor or with a thyristor across a diode bypass and also the charging type The charge may be resistive inductive or resistive inductive type Tip Veriator Tip sarcina Ii ati Fa Sar Fig 11 The simulation window for a single phase switch controller with resistive charge During the simulation it has been modified the command angle of the switch controller in order to evidence also the way of voltage modification respectively of the current through charge The command angle may be modified using up down arrows being shown their values SIMULATION SOFTWARE FOR STATIC RECTIFIERS AND STATIC SWITCH CONTROLLERS Figure 12 shows the simulation windows for single phase switch controller with resistive inductive charge In case of resistive inductive charge the software request by an additional window the input of power factor value Variator de c a monmofarat IK Fig 12 The simulation windows for single phase switch controller with resistive inductive charge Vv For the three phase a c switch controller the simulation window it is showed in figure 13 for a resistive charge The simulation has been performed by modifying command angle Fig 13 The simulation windows for three phase switch controller with resistive charge 3 2 D c switch controller The d c switch controller the chopper it is the static conv
90. ontaining three main parts a part which contains the simulation scheme The simulation scheme is dynamically modifying its side colors which are in conduction at a certain moment another part it is dedicated to the information zone This zone is presenting the text type information as regards to function mode to the converter analyzed semiconductor elements which are in conduction semiconductor elements directly polarized etc Inside of this zone it is also find buttons for command angle modification for choosing the function dial etc the third part is the zone where is dynamically getting up the wave forms characteristic to the static converter analyzed Beside this zones one of simulation windows also containing a pull down menu type for modification of some parameters or for choosing of different type of loads The window also have two command buttons one for starting up the simulation Simulare which then it is transforming in button for hold up the simulation Stop and a button for the exit of the window Jesire w Simularea redresoarelor Alegeti tipul redresorului care se simuleaza Continua lezire Fig 1 Simulation the rectifiers 24 POPESCU F MARCU M ORBAN M The main window of simulation of static rectifiers application 1s shown in the figure 1 from where you can choose the rectifier with two quadrant simulation the rectifier with one quadrant simulation or the simulation of rectifier with force
91. processes such as DC motor operation control In this application of control operation for a DC motor is performed on the basis of quantities whose values can be determined depending on operating conditions through simulation As hardware is used data acquisition board PCI 6024 but can be used and other hardware to ensure the correct acquisition for quantities and their values from controlled process REFERENCES 1 Fransua A Masini si actionari electrice Ed Tehnica Bucuresti 1986 2 Matko D Karba R Simulation and Modelling of Continuous System Prentice Hall New York 1992 3 P tr scoiu N Sisteme de achizitie si prelucrare a datelor Instrumentatie virtuala Ed Didactica si Pedagogica Bucuresti 2004 5 m LabVIEW User Manual National Instruments April 2003 Edition Part Number 320999E 01 OL TES PCI 6023E 6024E 6025E User Manual National Instruments December 2000 Edition Part Number 322072C 01 Annals of the University of Petro ani Electrical Engineering 11 2009 pages 22 31 SIMULATION SOFTWARE FOR STATIC RECTIFIERS AND STATIC SWITCH CONTROLLERS POPESCU FLORIN GABRIEL MARCU MARIUS DANIEL ORBAN MARIA DANIELA ABSATRACT The static converters CS have become an important element in supply systems with electrical energy of every kind of consumers The static converters are used in adjustable systems to the static action in this case the assignment being an electrical engine most frequently T
92. ptimizari n automatiz ri industriale Ed Tehnic Bucuresti 1979 4 Al Fransua Masini electrice uzuale exploatare i regimuri de func ionare Ed Tehnic Bucure ti 1973 5 Regulament de exploatare tehnic a echipamentului din distribu ia primar Icemenerg Bucure ti 1987 6 Documentatii tehnice transformatoare i autotransformatoare de mare putere Annals of the University of Petro ani Electrical Engineering 11 2009 pages 50 59 COMPARATIVE STUDY FROM THE KALMAN FILTER S STABILITY POINT OF VIEW AND THE LUENBERGER ESTIMATOR WITHIN A VECTORIAL CONTROL SYSTEM IN WHICH THE LUENBERGER ESTIMATOR IS PROJECTED ON SELF VALUE ROTARY BASED METHOD CORNELIU MANDRESCU OLIMPIU STOICUTA NADIA STOICUTA ABSTRACT 7n this paper it is considered that the vectorial electric acting system is a speed regulating system with a rotor flux orientation and the estimation of the rotor flux position is done through a Luenberger type estimator and respectively a Kalman type estimator The purpose of this paper is the comparative study of the estimator s stability and of regulating systems that have included in their loop both the Luenberger and respectively the Kalman estimators KEYWORDS Kalman estimator Luenberger estimator system stability vectorial control 1 INTRODUCTION The study is accomplished considering the following start data e The considered motor is an induction motor with a short circuit rotor e The stabili
93. rage standards intended to help the authorities department and Eng Ph D student S C Pirelli amp ECO Technology Lecturer Eng Ph D University of Petrosani Romania POSSIBILITIES TO MODERNIZE THE DISPATCH SYSTEMS COMMAND AND CONTROL OF THE NEUTRALIZATION INSTALLATIONS OF INDUSTRIAL WATERS 6l their operators to achieve the quality level that can best meet consumer expectations and the principles of a sustainable development 6 For all these requirements it was defined the concept of environmental technology The environmental technologies are those technologies through the application of which to obtain a lower impact on the environment than that generated by the existing relevant alternative technologies The definition should be understood in a broader sense the environmental technologies including methods and procedures materials and services utilities and administrative and organizational systems The environmental technologies include in general the clean technologies as the technologies for the pollution control the control of water pollution of the air and the waste management the application of new technologies less polluting products and services less consuming of energy and natural resources practices of a more efficient use of natural resources e g efficient systems for water treatment efficient technologies concerning the energy The advantages of the application of environmental tech
94. reating editing and running NI DAQmx virtual channels and tasks A NI DAQmx virtual channel consists of a physical channel on a DAQ device and the configuration information for this physical channel such as input range and custom scaling A NI DAQmx task is a collection of virtual channels timing and triggering information and other properties regarding the Figure 4 Algorithm operation acquisition or generation In this application DAQ Assistant is configured to perform measurements of voltages voltages that are acquired from different sensors like voltage sensor current sensor angular speed and displacement sensors and temperature sensor To acquired these signals are used analog inputs of the data acquisition board PCI 6024 Acquired VIRTUAL INSTRUMENT TO CONTROL DC MOTOR OPERATION 21 signals are compared with their prescribed values obtained by simulation and if are exceed preset limits are generated commands necessary and warning messages are displayed Tm Apr dn 1 TER cu E 1 E bark Gut Fat her of samples z a Fi H t ra jf I i Donne E i j zi da AM mn Figure 5 Block diagram of the DC motor monitoring 4 CONCLUSIONS Using a virtual instrument as software and a data acquisition card as hardware for general or specific data acquisition or measurement system allow applications those provide dialogs and interfaces which can be used to control different
95. rkov Ukraine Prof Dr Eng Tru c Vasile University Politechnica of Bucharest Romania Prof Dr Eng Fotau Ion University of Petrosani Romania Dr Eng Nicoale Dan Dessault Systems Simulia Corp Providence USA Assist Prof Dr Eng Negrut Dan University of Wisconsin Madison USA EDITORIAL BOARD Editor in chief Prof Dr Eng Fotau Ion University of Petrosani Assoc Prof Dr Eng Marcu Marius University of Petro ani Associate Editors Prof Dr Eng Poanta Aron University of Petro ani Assoc Prof Dr Eng Utu Ilie University of Petrosani Assoc Prof Dr Eng P tr coiu Nicolae University of Petro ani Editor Secretary Assistant Eng PhD Student Sochirca Bogdan University of Petro ani Editorial office address University of Petro ani 20 University Street 332006 Petro ani Romania Phone 40 254 54 29 94 54 25 80 54 25 81 54 33 82 Fax 40 254 54 34 91 54 62 38 Telex 72524 univp E mail marcu upet ro This publication is with international distribution It is sending in 28 countries Annals of the University of Petro ani Electrical Engineering 11 2009 3 CONTENTS PATRASCOIU NICOLAE TOMUS ADRIAN MARIUS GAITA LUKACS IOANA USING VIRTUAL INSTRUMENTATION TO ACHIEVE A DATA LOGGER BASED ON A TOV Y ORE 5 POANTA ARON SOCHIRCA BOGDAN AUTOMATIC COMMAND OF A CONVEYOR BEL U SUNG PTC RR 10 P TRASCOIU NICOLAE
96. rol policies have been simulated assuming in all cases that 1 2 3 2 kl 2 k2 3 k3 2 and for IEKCS sl s2 s3 1 A burst of 5 simultaneous demands is simulated at 30 T U The results for the different control systems in Figures 2 7 2 10 are represented in Figure 2 11 where a shows the marking of place demand unsatisfied demand b shows the marking of place f3 complete products in stock and c shows the throughput of the assembly station Because the delivering transition is immediate the unsatisfied demand at 30 T U is equal to 5 minus the products in stock 1 for BSCS 3 for SKCS and IKC S and 4 for IEKCS It can be seen that SKCS and IKCS are in this case equivalent BSCS is the first to satisfy the demand the marking of the place demand returns to zero while IEKCS is the last one However the stock of complete products in absence of demand is much larger under BSC S 4 than under IEKCS 1 With respect to the throughput SCKS IKCS and IEKCS work on demand so the throughput is zero before the demand Under BSCS a first outburst of the production appears since the intermediate stocks fl and f2 are used to produce the final assembly In other words the system tries 70 SIRB V EGRI A STOICUTA O to complete as much products as it can instead of keeping stocks of intermediate elements That is the reason why although the stock under BSCS is 4 and under IEKCS is only 1 it does not take four more
97. ropriate method of instrument control To do this is necessary to know how data transmission by multimeter and its documentation follows Mode baud rate 600 parity none data bit s 7 stop bits 2 Format ASCII Code BYTE 1 2 MEASURING MODE ex DC AC OH CA TE BYTE 4 SIGN BYTE 5 9 Decimal point and value of current measurement ex 10 00 3 999 BYTE 10 13 Unit ex mV A KOHM nF BYTE 14 Carriage Return 2 1 Diagram bloc of the virtual instrument Block diagram of the virtual instrument used to realize data logger with data acquisition from multimeter MAS 345 is shown in figure 1 TEI a i RS PPE PE PEPE EEE EEE EEE EEE Figure 1 Diagram bloc of the virtual instrument P TR SCOIU N TOMUS A LUKACS I 7 Initialization of the program acquisition is accomplished through VISA Configure Serial Port VI function which initializes the serial port specified by VISA resource name to the specified settings Specific settings are taken from the operation of RS 232 protocol specified above and connecting them to the VISA Configure Serial Port VI is shown in Figure 2 E Since data acquisition is done with a Ea low acquisition rate in the block diagram are introduced two sequences for delay execution of the program then reads the serial port COMI through a WHILE loop To read the information is necessary to send to the serial port wherein the multimeter is connected the command
98. rs manufacturer or can be determined a priori by the simulation of motor s operation LabVIEW program called virtual instrument which we propose in this paper has three components namely the simulation of the DC motor start of the DC motor and measure parameters during DC motor operation through a data acquisition system All three components are integrated into the same virtual instrument so that the user can select one of these through a TAB control type connected to a CASE type structure PhD Assoc Prof Eng at University of Petrosani PhD Student Eng at University of Petrosani PhD Student Assit Eng at University of Petrosani VIRTUAL INSTRUMENT TO CONTROL DC MOTOR OPERATION 17 2 FRONT PANEL OF THE VIRTUAL INSTRUMENT Front panels of the virtual instrument are shown in Figure 1 SLD PC IAR OS MITC ORE PARAIETRIT Figure 1 The Front Panels of the virtual instrument The first front panel is used to simulate DC motor and through it the user can see the motor operation under various operating conditions Here the user can select the by corresponding controls forms impulse step ramp or custom and values of the voltage applied to the armature circuit as well forms and values of the DC motor load The used controls are POWER SUPPLY and LOAD TORQUE With these input values to which are added and the construction parameters of DC motor by simulation can make observations on the evolution over time of the armatur
99. single phase rectifier with null diode It can notice that the thyristor lead the current on the z period of time and on the period of time the load current is led by the null diode PE SE CEN NR KU QN SAS LO ee qu D M WU SE aaa Pn fain fan A e eX WEE Ie UE eee Pe pump cz den xiu es ud t E OS t Fig 7 The three phases rectifier with null diode SIMULATION SOFTWARE FOR STATIC RECTIFIERS AND STATIC SWITCH CONTROLLERS In the figure 7 is represented the simulation window for a three phase rectifier with null diode In this case the null diode start to lead only for command angle greater than 7 3 Form waveforms it can notice that each thyristor switched twice into a period and the switching period of thyristor 1s reducing The null diode leads the load current on 7 7 3 The command angle can t overtake the value 2 z 3 2 2 One quadrant rectifier The semi commanded rectifiers are only made in bridge scheme It s made by thyristors and diodes There are two methods of semiconductors elements placement for symmetrical or asymmetrical way for the single phase rectifier It can notice that the straightened voltage has only positive values and the average value of straightened voltage varies between Ua0 and zero for a command angle between 0 180 degree In the figure o it is shown the simulation window of single phase rectifier One quadrant rectifier has two thyristors T1 T2 and two diodes D1 D2 and the load is conn
100. the two estimators 50 MANDRESCU C STOICUTA O STOICUTA N Figure 1 The graphs of the self values Luenberger a and the Kalman b The sampling time used is 7 53 3 psec specific for TMS320F2812 processor when a commutation speed of 18 75 kHz 1s wanted for the IGBT s Comparing the two graphs one may notice that the Luenberger estimator in open loop is closing to the edge of stability even becoming unstable starting with a rotation speed of 22800 rot min while the Kalman estimator in open loop behaves very well even at the imposed reference speed On the other hand both the regulating system that contains in his loop the Luenberger estimator and the regulating system that contains in his loop the Kalman estimator is internally stable One may notice that in the moment when the engine is started the regulating system is unstable and as the speed of the motor tends towards the reference speed it becomes internally stable From the dynamic performance point of view it 1s interesting to notice the fact that when the self values of the motor are on the right side of the self values of the estimator the dynamic performances of the regulating system are very good Comparing the two graphs from this point of view we may say that the Luenberger estimator behaves very well from both from stability point of view as well as the dynamic performances point of view to the speed of 12000 rot min while the Kalman estimator behaves very well
101. times to satisfy the demand in the latter case but only about twice Many other schemes of this type can be imagined The important point at this level is that modeling with PNs is frequently quite straightforward 1f control strategies do not depend too much on particular data and analysis can provide useful information about the behavior of the intended control strategy autorization for assembly i 2l a xe piei Ni ice tt cic aie aleg z p delivering P VU N ER je sf el demand i demand for assembly i ee CELETTE EETEEEET demand for delivery most customers demands Figure 4 Independent extended KANBAN control system IEKCS 4 SIMULATION OF CONTROL SYSTEM We consider the assembling CIM fig 5 composed by 3 deposits D1 D2 D3 to tool machines to conveyors Cl C2 an assembling station and a robot R Technological flow is composed on the next operations Cl conveyors transports type crude pieces D1 deposit on M1 tool machine M1 M2 processes the type 1 crude piece resulting type 1 intermediary product when both M1 M2 processes are finish robot R transport type 1 intermediary products from M1 to A and then type 2 intermediary products from M2 to A and robots R transport the finite product from A to D3 deposit The simulation results is presented in figure 6 Robot R Type piece deposit DI MI machine Finite products Assembling Deposit station D3 Typ
102. tinuity testing In addition to these features the multimeter MAS 345 ensure the transfer of data for all of measurement quantities via serial bus RS 232 Multimeter provides PhD Assoc Prof Eng at University of Petrosani PhD Student Assit Eng at University of Petrosani PhD Student Eng at University of Petrosani 6 PATRASCOIU N TOMUS A LUKACS I digitization of all measured quantities and also realise the serial data transmission protocol such that the MAS 345 can be considered a data acquisition unit Retrieving data from it an operation known as data acquisition and their processing involves the creation of appropriate software that is a virtual instrument Acquisition is the means by which physical signals are converted into digital formats and brought into the computer Popular methods for acquiring data include plug in DAQ and instrument devices GPIB instruments VXI instruments and RS 232 instruments 2 VIRTUAL INSTRUMENT REALIZATION To create the virtual instrument was used LabVIEW programming environment because ensure predefined functions in its libraries VISA is a standard I O API for instrumentation programming and VISA functions can control GPIB serial USB Ethernet PXI or VXI instruments making the appropriate driver calls depending on the type of instrument which is used so it do not have to learn instrument specific communication protocol Before begin using VISA is necessary to choose the app
103. tion it observes that the relative deviation of voltage in relation to the rated voltage 1s about thrice greater in the case of line without compensation Table 1 The series capacitive compensation comparison between the uniform and linear distribution of load ll ZU 402 U eU2 e03 4 as tel em rem km se se De o Dep re Dep j Uniform with one capacitor 11 95 14 5 1 88 1 83 1 23 10 552 5 625 Uruforim with two capacitors 11 08 L 3 L 13 0 373 L 28 7 457 5 625 Linear Hra 6 E E E TOU ses 835 om 385 distribution TEES TIE CIEN M EU EE 4 CONCLUSIONS The paper here presents importance because gives general valid information concerning the capacitor location and its reactance value in medium voltage distribution networks Namely the capacitor location and its reactance value depend on the load distribution on line in proportion as the load is concentrated at the line beginning the capacitor location is more closed of the line beginning and the reactance value is littler INFLUENCE OF THE LOAD DISTRIBUTION ALONG LINE ON THE LOCATION OF SERIES CAPACITOR IN MEDIUM VOLTAGE NETWORKS 101 the capacitor location and its reactance value depend on the line length If the line length increases the capacitor location closes in of the line beginning and the reactance value increases the capacitor location and its reactance value depend on the power factor in proportion as the load is gre
104. tional component kj 10 1988 and the time component 7 1020 sec e For the current regulators the proportional component k 5 9881 and the time component 7 754 4176 sec e For the flux regulator the proportional component k 501 3834 and the time component T 2374 7 sec Similar to the case of the regulators tuning parameters the reference tachogram of the regulating system will be identical in all the cases of the stability study from the time of speed increase to the reference level point of view In all the studied cases the increase time is one second no matter what the imposed reference speed is From these considerations the first case studied is when the Luenberger and Kalman estimators are implemented using the complete digitization method The study of the stability in this case is done at very high speeds and a very low sampling time with no measurement noises Following the simulation were obtained the following graphs of the self values variations in case of using the Luenberger estimator fig 1 a and the Kalman estimator fig 1 b when the reference number of rotations is 30000 rot min and in the case of the Luenberger estimator the value of the k coefficient is 1 3 and 0 5 deg In the graphs the self values of the estimator in open system will be emphasized with black color the self values of the motor with blue color and with red the self values of the regulating system that contains in his loop one of
105. tribution Editura Didactic i Pedagogic Bucuresti 1981 102 Annals of the University of Petro ani Electrical Engineering 11 2009 INDEX OF AUTHORS B BADEA F 78 E EGRI A 32 66 G GAITA LUKACS L 5 16 M MANDRESCU C 50 MARCU M 22 O ORBAN D 22 P PASCULESCU D 42 60 93 PATRASCOIU N 5 16 POANTA A 10 POPESCU F 22 R ROMANESCU A 42 93 S SOCHIRCA B 10 SIRB V 32 66 STOICUTA N 50 STOICUTA O 32 50 66 STEFAN C 60 T T B CARU T 88 TOMUS A 5 16 U UTU I 72
106. ty study is done by considering various variations of the motor speed and of the sampling time in both presence and absence of the measurement and process noises In addition in this study the digitization degree of the models used is to be considered e The regulators tuning parameters within the vectorial regulation scheme are calculated for a regulation scheme with direct flux measurement as armature gap and with rotor flux orientation case These parameters will be the same for both the vectorial regulating scheme in which a Luenberger type estimator 1s used as well as in the case when a Kalman type estimator is used Assoc prof eng phd at the University of Petro ani Assist eng phd student at the University of Petro ani 3 Assist phd student at the University of Petro ani COMPARATIVE STUDY FROM THE KALMAN FILTER S STABILITY POINT OF VIEW AND THE LUENBERGER ESTIMATOR WITHIN A VECTORIAL CONTROL SYSTEM IN WHICH THE LUENBERGER ESTIMATOR IS PROJECTED ON SELF VALUE ROTARY BASED METHOD 5 e The estimators stability study is done considering the regulating loops For a better understanding of the studied issue we will make a short introduction of the Luenberger and Kalman type estimator 2 THE KALMAN ESTIMATOR In this paper the equations defining the Kalman estimator were written based on the stochastic type model of the induction motor mathematical model given by the state canonical equations pt F x k Hy u k
107. university The Groups table will be used to hold a group s information The group represents students that are in a certain year of study at a certain specialization The Professors table is used to hold the data about the professors that will be teaching during a particular semester The Subjects table is used to hold all the subjects that will the taught at the university The SubjectTypes table is used to hold the subject types The type data refers to whether the subject is a course a lab or a seminary The ProfsSubjects table is used to link the professors and the subjects table The GroupsSubjects table is used to link the groups and subjects table The RoomsSubjects table is used to hold room preferences for a particular subject The Rooms table is used to hold all the rooms that can hold classes 4 THE ENTITY MODEL The timetable management application is a WPF application that uses the entity framework as the database access technology This layer is created by using the Visual Studio IDE The image below shows the final fully configured entity model 82 BADEA F ima TE Ge GroupsSubject 5 E Scalar Properties 2 SubjectTyps easel Scalar Properties T SubjectCade Scalar Properties Name 15 Graupid i ES Subjectid t3 T meld Sf Description E gt A Bt cemester i l Wine i amp eee T TypeName Navigation Properties i hourePeriaek p amp Sublect E pl ca
108. ware acceleration and enables modern UI features like transparency gradients and transforms 3D graphics and rich media content WPF provides a consistent programming model for building applications and provides a clear separation between the user interface and the business logic 2 BUILDING A UNIVERSITY TIMETABLE In most of the Romanian universities the timetables are built by specialization What this means is that each specialization has its own timetable Specializations can be automatics computer science electrical engineering transports and others Ph D Student at University of Petrosani A VOICE COMMANDED WPF DATABASE MANAGEMENT APPLICATION 79 Each specialization 1s composed of a number of groups usually 4 one for each year of study As an example we will have for groups C11 C21 C31 and C41 for the computer science specialization Group C11 will hold students in the first year C21 will hold students in the second year and so on The timetable grid for a specialization will also take into account the days of the week Monday to Friday and also the time periods in each day Period to Period7 A period is a time interval that spans 1 hour and 30 minutes with a break of 15 minutes Considering this we will have the first period starting at 8 00 and ending at 9 30 followed by a 15 minutes of break then followed by another period period 2 starting at 9 45 and ending at 11 15 To understand this better you can look at an empt
109. withdrawal operation liberates a position of an intermediate buffer a card 1s re circulated in order to allow the production of a new part to compensate the previous loss in the inventory site The number of KANBANS around a machine s buffer subsystem determines the buffer size In a KANBAN controlled system production of parts is triggered in response to intermediate demands The primary goal of many manufacturing systems can be expressed in terms of the maximization of the production rate the minimization of the work in process WIP inventory and minimization of the delivering delay difference between the date of a demand and the date of serving it For example minimizing WIP usually leads to higher delivering delays what may even represent losing some selling opportunities impatient clients Among the many imaginable strategies for the management of production systems push control is based on the idea of advancing tasks relative to production as much as possible Thus the behavior of the production plant is externally constrained by the raw materials available and by the capacity of buffers for storing finished products Under this strategy raw materials Lecturer eng phd at the University of Petro ani Assoc prof eng phd at the University of Petro ani Assist eng phd student at the University of Petro ani CIM CONTROL WITH EXTENDED KANBANS SYSTEM 07 push the production and delivering delays
110. y timetable for the computer science specialization which can be seen in the image below COMPUTER SCIENCE Figure 1 Empty timetable In order to construct the timetable each cell in this table will be filled with timetable entries as I call them These entries are subjects assigned to a group at a particular hour in a particular day In the Romanian system a student attending at a university doesn t have the possibility to choose which subjects to take The subjects are provided for a particular specialization and year The student will search each specialization and will choose to enroll in the specialization that has the subjects that mach most of his desired subjects This is why every entry in the timetable is centered on a subject As I understand in other countries students have the possibility to pick their subjects Some subjects can be held for one hour per week while others can be held for 2 3 or 4 hours per week Since this hour per week format doesn t mach with the period format one period has 1 5 hours often appear situations where a subject spans half a period or a period and a half To see how we represent this please look at the image below 80 BADEA F b COMPUTER SCIENCE pM s j MEER PC S Po 5 0 Zim NENNEN ee three hours per week two hours per week four hours per week Figure 2 Timetable entry shape variations Another thing that I should mention is the semi group When a
111. zati Biers ki GroupsSubjects l Navigation Properties Subjects 5 SubjectType El Greu El Professors S c pus F u L EE Rooms s J ws Professor a a i Scalar Properties uU ie f ii PPro 4A Firsthame Gt Group 21 LastName i dz Specialization Navigation Properties Scalar Properties Subjects Ei Scalar Propertes 1 Groupe e 4 Specia i Gruparea O ni E iii a i Ficpechame i k sem raupa Qe Room bon Navigation Mm ts Navigation Properties _ Specialization 1 2 Groups amp alar Properties F ME le iin at HRoomid RaomName S RonmpDesrriptian Navigation Properties x ZH Subjects Figure 5 The entity model As you can see from the figure above the entity model closely resembles the database structure The entity model is a collection of xml and source code files The c source code files are generated on the xml files The model contains 3 xml files The firs file represents the conceptual schema This file tells the code generation tool how to construct the classes that will be used to build the application The second file represents the store schema This file shows the database structure The last file is the mapping file This file holds all the data that links the store representation with the conceptual representation S THE APPLICATION DESCRIPTION The main screen of the application can be seen in the image below A VOICE COMMANDED WPF DATABASE MANAG

2009 vol 11 - Universitatea din Petroşani

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