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Creating a WARMF v. 6.0 Application Using a

1. 26 9 2 CREATE PROJECT DIRECTORY 26 5 3 IMPORT CATCHMENT 000 00000000000000000 26 DA IMPORT RIVER LAYER a s detta duse eee 30 5 5 LINK CATCHMENTS AND RIVERS 32 3 0 DEFINE SUB WATERSHEDS arobe N yes DN ERR 34 5 7 SAVE WARME PROJECT FILE WSM eee eee nemen nenne 35 IMPORT LAND USE DATA 36 IMPORT TIME SERIES DA DA eA Sav bees 42 Tal MIBEEOPOLOGIC AT DATA td e etu oues 44 VO NR B LITRO RR eR et 44 LJ 2 Importing data mito WARM IUS assai pde at ROI E E nup 46 T DATA Seer etos UD LEN AR De CELERE 50 VINE EI BIOS ELM ENSE TONERS 50 7 2 2 Importing data into WARMP eate abe edens 51 TS OBSERVED HYDROLOGY akties a a eat lacina icr ADM DAE 53 BIN e 53 Zed 2 Importing AGIA into WARME 54 OBSERVED WATER OUALTDUY cou c aetas 58
2. 58 H2 dmportine data nto WARME eee 58 MANAGED TUTTI 60 PDU SOUCO S e REED 60 7 3 2 Importing data into WARM F uc PA reete a a 61 SOURCE DATA osa seed chek a ected ae 63 TOD Dala SOULE he ee Shh 63 nport ng dlata IR 64 SOE SMA NUN 67 S WARME SIMULA TION 68 ace m eser E 68 8 2 VIEW TIME SERIES OUTPUT ccccceccececccceccececcscecescscecescecescecescscuceececescecesescesescess 71 S S ADDITONAL ARIMIP OUTPUT terrori oret e ua 77 AD DITIONA RESOURCE S dus ee 79 REFERENCES aa 81 APPENDIX A IMPORT MULTIPLE HUC 85 2 APPENDIX B IMPORT LAKE RESERVOIR 5 83 MASK LAKES BEFORE DELINEATION 0000 84 B 2 MASK LAKES AFTER DELINEATION cccecescececcscccececcsceccececescecescscesescesesceseseeceses 9 IMPORTING THE LAKE RESERVOIR LAYER INTO WARME eem
3. Ele d Theme indak pido RAE KARAR Sel eT 5 Scale ag rai ree 4 Shean w ebbimi 21 aH amp af ted D 21 Outen i ri Paii riim Dem Mert 0 22 4 337 5 90 THIF id 1 lt i 3 Figure 10 River modification in lake area Figure B 11 shows the river segments after modification The catchment and river layers are now ready to be imported into WARMF 1 dhash Likema AVGWAT AD Blackland Research Cenber Ver 4 Ves 21 Themel rkp a_i E ETEEN Lekingrbaam added D Vekegrbram aiibi c 1 Bgtrad reece J abe 21 Fepest t Praci sawed to Chacha ape 90 Figure B 11 Modified streams theme B 2 Mask Lakes After Delineation Another approach is to mask out the lake areas after the catchment and stream delineation is performed First go through the regular watershed delineation steps described in Section 3 Figure B 12 When deciding the resolution of the watershed make sure to add outlet points at locations where the rive
4. C Lauraiwarmfim Borland C warm Re Catawba Relea c Command Prompt 22 BASINS 3 1 2 WARMF For Win 2 20PM Figure 2 9 Clipped GI RAS Land Use for Brier Creek Watershed Another source of land use data available through BASINS is the National Land Cover Database NLCD This data has higher resolution and was collected in the 1990s After downloading NLCD data in BASINS using the Data Data Download feature a text message describing the location of the data will appear Figure 2 10 I 2005 01 03at17 05 downlpadinstructions txt Notepad File Edit Format View Help National Land Cover Database NLCD Instructions TIFF data has been downloaded to C BASINS 4data natrionalnlced Use the Landuse Imagel option of the Add Theme Grid extension to convert this image to a grid and add the resulting grid to the view requires Spatial Analyst This image data is already projected to Albers Equal Area Ref Lat 23 degrees If you need this grid in another projection use the Grid Projector extension to project the resulting grid Figure 2 10 BASINS download instructions after NLCD import 15 To use the NLCD land use in a WARMF application users should first follow the instructions in Figure 2 10 to convert the image into a grid and reproject the data and then convert the grid data into shapefile and clip to the watershed boundary before importing to WARMF ERDAS IMAGINE provides the function of
5. Y WW ater Quality Stations L Bacteria Stations Water Quality Observation Stati Reach File V4 _ WOM W eather Data Stations Figure 3 2 BASINS Delineation for Brier Creek Watershed Figure 3 2 displays the results of the example delineation of the Brier Creek watershed into 22 subcatchments To import a larger watershed encompassing more than one 8 digit hydraulic cataloging unit HUC it is recommended to perform the BASINS 3 1 delineation separately for each HUC and then import the resulting shape files successively into WARMF see Appendix A For most accurate results it is very useful to burn in the river network preferably from the National Hydrography Dataset NHD Step 5 above Depending on data quality several problems can arise during the delineation step which may result in incorrect stream connectivity or watershed boundaries Suggestions on how to correct problems are provided in Appendix D After the delineation is complete BASINS 3 1 will generate two themes Subbasins and Streams which contain geometric and geographic information of the delineated watershed and stream respectively They will be imported to WARMF in later steps Section 5 1 WARMF Public Domain currently allows a maximum of 100 catchments in each project To set up WARMEF with more than 100 catchments please contact Systech Engineering 21 Jelx 1 326 926 55 Scale 1 541 910 T J8lx 3 2 Generating
6. 1 _42__ forestland o T B Mixed forestland 000 5040 O ___ BT 5 00000 O 5a Lakes 0 2 2 Revoir 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 O 1 94 O Z O Z 0 Wetland 61 Forested wetland Nonforested wetland Barren land Dry salt flats Beaches Sandy areas not beaches Bare exposed rock Strip mines quarries gravel pits Transitional areas Tundra Shrub and brush tundra Herbaceous tundra Bare ground Wet tundra Mixed tundra Perennial snow or ice Perennial snowfields Glaciers CO NINININININ NAR Ul UJ IN e 37 The classifications of original source land use data and WARMF are different The way of matching land uses between two systems could be case dependent If one or more of the WARMF land uses are not present in the watershed e g no Tundra present in Brier Creek it is recommended to remove this from the list of land uses in WARMF prior to data import To remove a land use category double click on the white space outside of the watershed map to open the System Coefficients dialog Select the Land Uses tab and click on Edit List Figure 6 1 Select Tundra from the list and click Remove Then click OK and Tundra will be removed from the land use list Likewise if additional land use categories are to be added prior to importing data this should be done before using the same procedure before impo
7. 21 Removed steams Focused Ares 1 Or Hi ii HH T Cata qeg Van GJ L HEH i Hi L Femi Complance Syren J v 7 Delete the Selected Poria Figure D 3 Removing extra points in NHD theme 102 D 2 Stream disconnect problem Another problem that may arise after delineating a watershed in BASINS 3 1 is a stream disconnect If a natural stream path does not connect during delineation first check the stream connectivity in the NHD theme Look at the attributes of the non connecting streams and make sure the downstream id field Dsrchid is correct Any errors can be corrected by editing the corresponding DBF file in Excel Another solution may be to move the path of the streams slightly using the theme edit tool discussed above This may help route the stream around a rough patch in the DEM D 3 Additional editing of WARMF Catchments It is also possible to perform final edits of the map once the watershed is Imported into WARMF A catchment hole can be filled in or a river path modified by moving the individual points of the entity Figure D 4 shows two catchments with a gap between them To edit zoom in closely and select the catchment to edit Then select View Selected Entities Points Individual points can be dragged around on the screen to fill in the whole Once edits are complete unselect View Selected
8. AugustaBushMET v Table Insert or Delete Rows Select Rows Ctrlelns or Ctrl Del Name Latitude Lonaitude Date Precipitation Minimum Temperature Maximum Temperature Claud Cover Dewpoint Temperature Air Pressure Wind Speed cm C C C mbar mis Figure 7 2 New meteorological file created in Data Module 2 Using the Add Blank Rows to End of File button in the upper right corner add the necessary number of rows to the end of the file Data can be copied from an Excel spreadsheet using the Ctrl C copy and Ctrl V paste commands The date field must be in the format of dd mm yyyy Due to a limitation in WARMF it may also be necessary to copy and paste data one column at a time 46 3 appropriate data source can be entered in the final column e g NCDC WMO 722180 Also enter a file name description and latitude and longitude data available from the BASINS WDM Weather Data Stations theme before saving the file Figure 7 3 E Data Module File Edit Module aaa Help Type of data Meteorology gt Graph File name AugustaBushField MET Table Name Augusta Bush Field Latitude 33 3667 Precipitation Minimum Maximum Dewpoint Air Pressure Wind Speed Date Cloud Cover cm Temperature Temperature Temperature mbar mis Add Blank Rows to End of File Insert or Delete Rows Select Rows Ctrl Ins or Ctrl Del Longitude 81 9667 01 01 1994 0 0508 7 78 11 72 2 33 1020 900 1 3 NCDC W
9. DEMG data need to be projected using the GRID Projector and then added to the project The Grid projector is accessible under the data menu Then navigate to c basins data 03060108 grids DEM DD 03060108 and select the file 03060108 A Grid Projector dialog will pop up Figure 2 5 10 J8lx 54 Grid Projector Projection Conversion Input Grid Projection Output Grid Projection Flee Buffer 100 Cells Add Proiected Grid ta a View css AY Coordinate Unit Conversion Help Input Units Output Units Meter w Meter Datum Conversion Choose only if you need to convert amp from NAD 27 datums Input D atur Output D atur NADS3 NADE3 Region State Other Figure 2 5 BASINS Grid Projector dialog In the Grid Projector dialog click in the box beside Add Projected Grid to a View Click on Input Grid Projection and click OK Notice that the units change from meters to decimal degrees Next click on Output Grid Projection and set values to BASINS View projection being used Click OK in the Grid Projector dialog to project the grid data When prompted make sure that BASINS View is selected as the view to which the projected grid will be added A dialog will then pop up indicating whether or not the grid projection was successful If Successful the theme will be added to the BASINS project Figure 2 6 11 A BASINS 3 1 Edit View Theme Analysis
10. Create Text File There are two options for the text file This constituent all scenarios option will create a text file with a column for day a column for each scenario showing the simulated results for the highlighted constituent and a column for the observed data The All Constituents option will create a text file with a column for day and a column for each of the simulated constituent concentrations for a given scenario e g BrierCreek To change scenarios click on the down arrow and choose the scenario to be written to the text file A default file name is provided i e FLOW DAT which can be changed by typing over it At the lower left hand corner of the time series plot there is the Statistics button Click on the Statistics button to view the statistical results for the flow simulation Figure 8 5 The default Statistics window shows a scatter plot of the model simulated vs observed values and a summary table of the statistical measures of the simulation i e mean minimum maximum relative error absolute error RMS error and r square Click on the Cumulative Quantity checkbox to view the cumulative distributions of the model simulations and the observed values Screen 8 6 The model appears to underpredict the flow and this represents the preliminary results without any calibration The WARMF Help System User s Guide and Technical Documentation provide more information on model calibration and statistical output Also informatio
11. Entities Points and save changes to the project Figure D 5 River points can be editing using the same procedure WC Watershed Analysis Risk Management 1 ramework C V aura marmfiSanuanZWanJuan WSM View Mode Scenario Doc Window 5 Pie SEB EINE O a liea 1 Figure D 4 WARMF catchments with gap at boundary 103 Lars MU npo Figure D 5 WARMF catchments with repaired boundary 104
12. NEL River Min Elevation MAXEL River Max Elevation SNAME River Name 31 Watershed Analysis Risk Management Framework Untitled ha File Edit View Mode Scenario Docu Module Window ne es edle s Pleo 21814 m 5 B ave 4 Saves this document Figure 5 6 Import of Rivers for Brier Creek Watershed 5 5 Link Catchments And Rivers Together Based on connectivity specified in the BASINS streams shapefile WARMF automatically links catchments and rivers To see this select View Tributary Connections and red arrows will appear on the map showing the direction of flow Figure 5 7 Selecting Tributary Connections again removes the arrows from the Map 32 Watershed Analysis Risk Management Framework Untitled Sele F File Edit View Mode Scenario Docu Module Window Tel S elele System 10 62 1768 33 3522 Figure 5 7 Tributary Connections of Brier Creek Watershed The function to import the BASINS shapefiles assumes that only one catchment drains to each river Also a catchment with a specific ID will be linked to a river with that same ID However if a user does some manual delineation in BASINS the connectivity in these regions may not be correct after importing In this case the connections must be set manually using WARMF s Connect tool button with a double arrow below the main menu To use the Connect tool click the button and the mouse will change to an arrow and plus sign Select the ups
13. Next button ta choose options his operation combines features of an input theme with th Dissolve features based on an attribute Merge themes together Clip one theme based on another Intersect two themes 4ssign data by location Spatial Wien nn n pce ak Overlay Output More about Union Help Cancel gt gt Figure B 2 Geoprocessing Wizard Union two Themes tool 84 AI 2 P o TI Figure B 3 Unioned Themes in BASINS Make this new layer editable by selecting Theme Start Editing Use the pointer to select the reservoir polygon and then hit the Delete key This creates a watershed polygon without the reservoir area Figure B 4 144 Figure 4 Boundary polygon theme with removed lake area In BASINS 3 1 go through all the steps of delineation using the above mask This will result in the delineation shown in Figure B 5 85 babe BAe Black heed eser Wed 1 0 cm 1 LIES Figure B 5 BASINS delineation with lake area Note there is a no data area around the reservoir as pointed by the red arrow We have to create a polygon for this area and define it as an additional subbasin The following steps can be taken 1 Export the theme Watershed from the BASINS 3 1 delineation as a shape file and open it in a new View in ArcView Create a new theme by selectin
14. Observed Absolute Error RAIS Error r squared in 5 2 T D E 100 120 140 160 150 200 220 240 Obsernyed Flow cms Obsernyed Help c Scatter Plot gt Frequency Distribution gt Cumulative Quantity Figure 8 5 Scatter plot of WARMF simulated and observed flow of Brier Creek at Millhaven 74 Brier Creek at Millhaven Flow cms BrierCreek Observed Absolute Error RAIS Error r squared T E 5 OF 1718295 0720121995 11201121995 02201121996 OF 011996 Dm 17189287 11 01 1887 02201121998 OF 011998 D3 0 1718238 BrierCreek Obsenred Help gt Scatter Plot Figure 8 6 Cumulative quantity of WARMF simulated and observed volume of flow of Brier Creek at Millhaven 75 Brier Creek at Millhaven Temperature C 5 Brier Creek at Millaaver Aluminum mgl Calcium mg l Magnesium mgl Potassium mgl Sodium mg l Sulfate mg l 5 Nitrate M Chloride mg l Fhosphate P Alkalinity mg CaCO3 Org Carbon BUD mgl Silica mg l 5i Brier Creek Observed Temperature 11 01 1995 7 01 1996 11 01 1986 0800121997 7 01 1907 11 01 1987 0800121998 07 01 1988 1 1998 0301 1998 07 01 1999 0201 1995 0 1 1948 0300101998 1 v Show Observed Create Text File This constituent all scenarios Statistics ITemperat DAT All constituents BrierCreel Fi
15. Speed m s o o o o o o o o o o o oro o Soo 9 52900 ND 9 Do OGD o o o m o Se o o 4 098 BS o 8 E 9 E Te wo m am o Edo 9 ot Bs 90 8 2 94 a can oa Sap BP om 85 9 Roo aoe ow 9 2099 com e AOD 9 5 r3 6 2 on o o on voo oom oo o arco E o o ow mo oo o eo o o o 8 o oo E E ooxn oom o 909909 o 9 b co como tow 3 88 Ve Ws Se 2 oe DEOR 2 a 4209 980 of 8 o eg o o 8 th 2 go o o 8 xD owo ooo wo 9oc a ogo 8 o do o o o o 21 A 1 mea oa ar AA o oO COOP o Bo eo wo wer o o o o o oko oe 90 0 4 969 9 9 9 oo a 09 98 oo 8 oo xo o e 00 00 o 9 a ut
16. Then select the grid theme 030601080 from the list and click OK As instructed click the Properties button check the units and click OK 4 Check the box Focusing watershed area option n the next dialog highlight Select boundary theme from BASI NS View and click OK For this example select Cataloging Unit Boundaries and click OK 5 Click the box beside Burn in Option Select National Hydrography Dataset NHD from the list and click OK Highlight Select from BASI NS View and then select 03060108NHD from the list Click Apply at the bottom of the DEM Set Up frame When asked Do you want the 19 cells on the edge of the focused area to flow toward the inner cells reply No In the next dialog click OK to end DEM processing In the Stream Definition frame enter 4100 as the Threshold Area and click Apply at the bottom of the Stream Definition section Notice that outlets have been added as part of the view Note A smaller threshold area will yield more outlets and smaller subbasins Likewise a larger threshold area will yield fewer outlets and larger subbasins Outlets may be added or removed using the Add and Remove tools in the Outlet and Inlet Definition section WARMF has no limit on the number of subcatchments however with greater resolution computation time will increase It is recommended to base a delineation on available data such as USGS gaging stations STORET water quality stations and land use These laye
17. a ro ze r L Table of Contents LE INTRODUCTI QDN dui 4 2 BUILD A BASINS 3 1 PROJIEGC L CR a ERAS CP TERN 6 2 Bal 1 1 P ERR TET Vee 6 PM BY AN Nera anette ce Aaa Rae ee 7 2 2 dL Detault Datis oim 7 2 2 2 BASINS Web Data 8 2 2 9 m 9 testes 10 A SC 12 Z SOF DII ACA ATA SE 16 S 2500 18 3 1 BASINS AUTOMATIC DELINEATION ccceccscecccceccccecccecescecescscecescecescecsescesescess 18 3 2 GENERATING ASPECT DATA ccccccsceccccecscsceccscuccscecescecescscsescesescecescecscscesescusescess 22 4 UNPROJECT AND EXPORT SHAPEFTLES eee ee eee ee eee eee eee e eee oe ose 24 4 1 UNPROJECT USING THE PROJECTOR EXTENSION cccscescsceccececcececcccecesescesesceceeces 24 4 2 EXPORTING BASINS THEMES 0 00000000000000000000 25 5 CREATE WARMF PRO UE G 26 STINTS DAR DR WARME RR Saeed sia
18. associated point and nonpoint loads are also routed through the system Heat budget and mass balance calculations are performed to calculate the temperature and concentrations of various water quality constituents in each soil layer river segment and lake layer The first step in applying WARMF is to create a map of the delineated watershed using the graphical user interface GUI to which users can input data and prepare and view simulation results Although WARMF itself has the functionality for watershed delineation it also accepts a delineation generated through other software such as USEPA BASINS 3 1 framework USEPA 2004 or AVSWAT 2000 ArcView extension and a graphical user interface for the SWAT model This manual will guide users through the procedure of importing a watershed delineation from BASINS 3 1 and the basic data needed to create a WARMF application For demonstration purposes the Brier Creek Watershed in Georgia HUC 03060108 is used as an example The following steps will be described 1 Build a BASINS 3 1 Project 2 Create a Watershed Delineation in BASINS 3 1 3 Project Delineation to Decimal Degrees 4 Create a WARMF Project 5 Import Land Use Data 6 Import Time Series Data 7 Run a WARMF Simulation In addition appendices are provided which describe how to import multiple HUC watersheds import lakes and reservoirs in a watershed import septic system data reclassify land use data and correct watershed
19. click Finish After the clip is complete a new theme will appear which contains land use only within the watershed boundary Figure 2 9 It may be necessary to reset the legend of the new theme Double click on the theme to open the Legend Editor Click on the Load button and open the file c BASINS etc legend avl Select Lucode as the field and click OK Click on Apply to update the theme s legend in the view 14 22 BASINS 3 1 File Edit View Theme Analysis Surface Graphics Data Assess Delineate Reports Utilities Models Window Help LAPIS ajsjo 7 5 Scale BASINS View 173 821 19 e 371 454 55 4 J8lx Landuseall clip shp Ej Urban or Built up Land Agricultural Land Ep Rangeland ES Forest Land Water w etiand Baren Land Tundra Perennial Snow or Ice _ Outlets Linkingstream added Out Manually added Outlet Streams 2 Digitized streams 2 _ Removed streams 2 _ Mask Focused Area Subbasins _ Watershed USGS Gage Stations _ 03060108N HD 15 L 35 53 54 73 74 92 111 112 131 132 150 151 169 170 189 _ 030601080 15 35 53 54 73 74 92 55 111 112 131 150 151 169 172 152 Ne Data Permit Compliance System LJ 2 Microsoft Word
20. free to perform other tasks with the computer Care Should be taken however to avoid opening files in use by the simulation When a Simulation finished successfully a message will appear as WARMF simulation completed successfully in the simulation window Figure 8 3 Close the window by clicking on the X in the upper right corner El MODEL File Edit View State Window Help 1 WARMF Simulation Completed Successfully Figure 8 3 WARMF model simulation window showing simulation completion 8 2 View Time Series Output The simulation results can be viewed as time series plots through the WARMF Engineering module Select Mode Output from the main menu Double click on the stream segment at Millhaven not the watershed and an output window will appear Figure 8 4 with a graph showing the model simulated flow compared to the observed values The legend of the plot is shown below the X axis Black circles represent observed data points Observed data can be shown or hidden by toggling the Show Observed button in the lower left corner of the dialog If no black circles are visible with Show Observed checked it means that there is no observed data from the 71 Simulated time period The output parameters are listed on the left side of the dialog To view a parameter simply click on its name on the list The output can be exported to a text file for external processing This is done by clicking on
21. on a loading chart to view the loading broken down based on land use Figure 8 11 2 Watershed Analysis Risk Management Framework aura wvarmfsBrierCreekABrierCreek E Edit View Mode Scenario Docu Module Window Diea e al EP isl 2 WE om Loading 2 Regional Loading gt Source Contributions Ammonia Monr paint Sources Point Sources Double click ona loading chart ta see spreadsheet 1 BrierCreek new System 10 81 5793 33 2518 Figure 8 10 Ammonia loading charts for Brier Creek Watershed 78 H oo BrierCreek Loading gt Loading per Area Figure 8 11 Ammonia distributed by land use for Brier Creek Watershed The remaining steps of the Consensus module provide tools for management scenario development Cost Benefit and Cost Sharing analysis and Stakeholder ranking and resolution 8 4 Additional Resources The intent of this guide is to provide a tutorial for setting up a WARMF project by importing a watershed delineation and available data sets from BASINS 3 1 The setup is just the first step To successfully adapt WARMF to a watershed additional data import calibration and analysis is required It is recommended that these steps be performed by someone with hydrology and or water quality expertise Additional information WARMF is availa
22. similar to the steps described in the meteorology data section Select the Air Quality data type from the Type of Data list and then select File New from the menu A blank spreadsheet will be created Then click the Edit Columns from the menu In the pop window Figure 7 6 select the constituents that have data available in this case SO NO Ammonia Calcium Magnesium Potassium Sodium Sulfate Nitrate and Chloride Click OK and WARMF will add column headers Add rows to the file using the Add Blank Rows to End of File button With the Air button selected copy ctrl C and paste ctrl V the dry deposition data records from the spreadsheet into WARMF The dates must be in the format of mm dd yyyy Then switch to the wet deposition records by selecting Rain at the top of the file Copy and paste the wet deposition records Save the file e g Brier air and enter a file description latitude and longitude data source information The resulting Air Quality data file should look like Figure 7 7 Data can also be viewed in Graph mode Switch between Rain and Air to view both data sets 51 Brier air E E Highlight parameters to be included in this data Ammonia Aluminum Calcium Magnezium ium Sodium Sulfate Nitrate Chloride Phosphate Alkalinity Org Carbon Inarg Carbon Org Aluminum Silica M Figure 7 6 Add Columns to Air Quality File EER Fie Edit Module Help Type of data Air Qu
23. this watershed The white region at the center of the watershed is the reservoir location The first step is to obtain a lake reservoir shape file bring it into your BASINS 3 1 project and delete any small bodies of water you don t want included in your watershed This shape file can be imported as a layer from BASINS 3 1 or downloaded directly from the NHD website http nhd usgs gov as a waterbody shapefile F ial Asian Fisk Lane rane i vew Mode Sengo Dou Distal e dels b Figure B 1 WARMF I mport with Lake Because the Automatic Delineation tool in BASINS 3 1 does not directly generate the information for the lake reservoir it is necessary modify the subbasin shapefile to make space for the lake areas There are two approaches to masking off the area for the lakes in the catchment delineation In the first approach lake s or reservoir s 83 are masked off before the delineation In the second approach the lake reservoir areas are deleted from the catchments after the delineation B 1 Mask Lakes Before Delineation In ArcView GIS first combine the watershed boundary layer with the reservoir layer by the using View Geoprocessing Wizard Union two themes tool Figure B 2 The boundary layer is the input theme and the reservoir layer the overlay theme Figure B 3 shows the resulting new layer 2 GeoProcessing x Choose a GeoProcessing operation bout Union then click the
24. 05 B 4 LINK RESERVOIR WITH CATCHMENTS AND 65 0 0 0 96 APPENDIX C IMPORT SEPTIC SYSTEM DATA 99 OBTAIN 1990 CENSUS BLOCK GIS 0 00 000000000 99 C 2 OBTAIN 1990 CENSUS BLOCK DATA FOR SEPTIC SYSTEMS cerne 99 C 3 COMBINE GIS BLOCK DATA AND SEPTIC SYSTEM DATA RR 99 CAs IMPORT DATA INTO WARMTE ettet 99 APPENDIX D CORRECTING DELINEATION PROBLEMS eee ee 101 D 1 ROUGH EDGES AT WATERSHED 00000 101 D 2 STREAM DISCONNECT 0 0 0000000 000000000000 103 D 3 ADDITIONAL EDITING OF WARME CATCHMENTS ccsceccscecescececcecescscecesceceeces 103 1 Introduction The Watershed Analysis Risk Management Framework WARMF is a generalized watershed modeling and analysis tool which can be applied to various watersheds It can be used for short and long term predictions of water quality watershed management and calculating Total Maximum Daily Loads TMDL Chen et al 2001 Using five integrated modules Engineering Consensus TMDL Data and Knowledge WARMF guides stakeholders to calculate TMDLs and evaluate water quality management alternatives for a river basin In addition to simulating flow the water quality constituents simulated include temperature total suspended solids c
25. 1 Peer Review of the Acid Mine Drainage Module of the Watershed Analysis Risk Management Framework WARMF An evaluation of WARMF AMD using USEPA guidelines Technical Report 2001 1005182 Electric Power Research Institute Palo Alto CA Weintraub L H Z C W Chen J Herr Demonstration of WARMF A Decision Support Tool for TMDL Development IN Proceedings from WEF TMDL Science Issues Conference St Louis MO March 4 7 2001 81 Appendix A Import Multiple HUC Areas It is possible to import large watersheds encompassing more than one 8 digit HUC For this situation it is recommended to set up a separate BASINS 3 1 delineation for each HUC Then shape files for each HUC can be imported in succession It is very important to import in the order of 1 streams1 subasin2 streams2 etc in order to maintain connectivity When importing a second HUC WARMF will change the ID numbers of the HUC already on the map by an increment of the next closest 100 Once all HUCs are imported it is necessary to connect them together using the Edit Connect tool in WARMF 82 Appendix B Import Lake Reservoir Layers Lakes and reservoirs can be included in WARMF This section provides the steps needed to prepare the data for incorporating a lake reservoir A typical watershed with a reservoir in the upper reaches is presented as an example in Figure B 1 The screen shows the imported catchment and river layers for
26. 16 6604 31 394 Figure 21 Modified connectivity with lake 97 Model input coefficients for the lake attributes need to be defined manually since the BASINS 3 1 data does not provide such information These data include stage area table bathymetry a stage flow table spill initial surface elevation reservoir outlet elevations and a reservoir release file containing flow records It is best to obtain the data from the local agency in charge of managing the lake or reservoir It is also important to add or correct the information for river segments that were modified manually around the reservoir 98 Appendix C Import Septic System Data The following steps describe how to gather spatial septic system data from the Census database and import the data into a WARMF project C 1 Obtain 1990 Census Block GIS Data From a source such as the following http arcdata esri com data tiger2000 tiger_download cfm download 1990 Census block data for the watershed Firs select the state then the layer Block Groups 1990 and finally the counties needed After downloading add each county as a theme to a GIS project C 2 Obtain 1990 Census Block Data for Septic Systems From the U S Census website http www census gov download block data for septic systems First select AmericanFactFinder From the left hand menu select Data Sets and 1990 Summary Tape File 3 STF 3 Sample Data bottom of the list From the pop up men
27. 25 1994 0 Ta 21 61000 0 0 1019 300 0 8 NCDC WMO 722180 01 26 1994 0 1 11 21 72000 0 6 6 39 1016 200 0 8 NCDC WMO 722180 01 27 1994 0 127 5 11 19 39000 0 8 7 83 1018 3 1 NCDC WMO 722180 01 28 1994 0 9652 5 11 19 39000 0 8 11 06 1009 300 3 2 NCDC WMO 722180 01 29 1994 0 127 8 89 19 39000 0 8 10 33 1009 700 2 7 NCDC WMO 722180 01 30 1994 0 6604 7 72 16 11000 0 8 7 56 1011 5 1 5 NCDC WMO 722180 01 31 1994 0 0254 3 78 10 0 8 3 94 1015 700 2 9 NCDC WMO 722180 02 01 1994 0 1 72 10 0 4 94 1018 5 2 6 NCDC WMO 722180 02 02 1994 0 at 8 28 0 9 39 1018 900 3 3 NCDC WMO 722180 02 03 1994 0 6 22 12 72 0 7 61 1021 700 2 NCDC WMO 722180 4 Data Source Figure 7 3 Augusta Bush Field data entered into Data Module Table View 4 A graph view of the meteorological data could be viewed through checking the Graph checkbox Figure 7 4 filled in with estimated values prior to running WARMF simulations Any gaps in data records must be 5 The same steps can be followed to create additional meteorological data files for a watershed 47 Data Module DEAR Fie Edit Module Help Type of data Meteorology CE Graph gt Table Average 25 2604 File name AugustaBushMET v ush MET _ Standard Deviation 7 58168 Augusta Bush Field Latitude 33 3557 Longitude 81 9667 Precipitation cm Minimum Temperature G Maximum Temperature Cloud Cover Dewpoint Temperature Air Pressure mbar Wind
28. 2826563750 Pn 58096880000 10000 3581504 3581524 1361914 361853 11117305250 428 33649644000 1 0000 3681443 501449 1141900 1 8344 5395628125 ee 9 3351868 0000 1 0000 351 8699 3528698 186 1385 105 4202 2445858644 412 28322447500 1 0000 3e6 1853 357 1859 107 6975 994762 44371 3595 1 20252 144135488 00 10000 3590290 360 0280 1294113 1125535 2620837 7500 12115 85043330000 1 0000 34836377 3463637 170 7418 780875 204036 4668 n a50 66544876 000 1 0000 3665335 367 6305 145 9375 988324 13645158750 141 1584 63156184000 1 0000 3682643 358243 1464645 1244239 171129 7500 15 1213 86209424000 1000013622737 3682737 BrT428 875613 1062827 8750 1645809 328596576 00 358 4518 3534518 1254917 1081332 87585687 0000 e 171 83 4 59598588 000 1 0000 3680951 90261 82 8379 1004678 5935845000 18 S509 39208100000 1 0000 3528750 33 8750 1295995 995704 7139633750 19 11098 78850344000 0000 3580251 369 0261 151 7204 1085870 15809106250 011212 79796912000 1 0000 358 3191 3539191 97 6487 95 4922 109483 3760 2130908 21727080000 1 0000 358 66768 3536678 1191531 mE 22 56297 414905536 00 0000 3586678 3546678 1292048 1122588 7532249 5000 MRRRRHARRRRRRRRARRRRRRRHARRRRRERRERENRHEHRREHEESERHERRRRERREREERRERHERREERHTERERRRERERRHARERERRRHRHERREERHEEHRRSERRERHERERRRERHSEHERRHERREHEHERHERERREARRERERRZERERRRERHHEHERHERERHEARRERERRRERERRRERFRERHRRRERSRRHRRH
29. 988 0 0 0 09 0 03 0 014 0 003 0 106 1 94 0 98 0 21 12727011988 0 0 0 09 0 03 0 014 0 003 0 106 1 94 0 98 0 21 01 03 1989 0 0 0 09 0 03 0 014 0 003 0 106 1 94 0 98 0 21 01 10 1989 0 0 0 09 0 03 0 014 0 003 0 106 1 94 0 98 0 21 01 17 1989 0 0 0 09 0 03 0 014 0 003 0 106 1 94 0 98 0 21 01 24 1888 0 0 0 09 0 03 0 014 0 003 0 106 1 94 0 98 0 21 01 31 1989 0 0 0 06 0 02 0 014 0 014 0 101 0 51 0 32 0 15 02 07 1989 0 0 0 06 0 02 0 014 0 014 0 101 0 51 0 32 0 15 02 14 1989 0 0 0 63 0 13 0 098 0 146 1 19 1 94 1 44 1 25 02 21 1989 0 0 0 43 0 4 0 167 0 132 1 82 6 58 3 97 2 1 02 28 1989 0 0 0 1 0 06 0 035 0 023 0 275 0 99 0 54 0 42 03 07 1989 0 0 0 53 0 21 0 04 0 544 0 22 1 8 0 77 0 5 03 14 1989 0 0 0 53 0 21 0 04 0 544 0 22 1 8 0 77 0 5 03 21 1989 0 0 17 0 78 0 257 0 317 1 715 5 32 0 26 2 83 03 28 1989 0 0 25 0 12 0 042 0 045 0 318 2 09 1 36 0 56 04 04 1989 0 0 25 0 12 0 042 0 045 0 318 2 09 1 36 0 56 04 11 1989 0 0 0 85 0 15 0 055 0 273 0 249 1 43 0 89 0 5 04 18 1989 0 0 0 84 0 07 0 014 0 013 0 164 0 63 0 66 0 23 04 25 1989 0 0 0 84 0 0 0 014 0 013 0 164 0 63 0 66 0 23 05 02 1989 0 0 0 12 0 32 0 232 0 928 0 24 0 91 0 6 0 41 05 09 1989 0 0 0 04 0 16 0 051 0 036 0 753 1 17 0 98 0 56 05 16 1989 0 0 46 0 18 0 062 0 043 0 408 1 98 1 47 0 63 n 4 Figure 7 7 Brier Creek Watershed Air Quality File 52 4 Similar to meterology data air quality stations can be imported into WARMF using the File Import Air Quality Stations function in the main me
30. ASINS 3 1 manual for more detailed instructions 1 Activate the Cataloging Unit Boundaries theme and select the Brier Creek watershed 2 From the Delineate menu select Automatic main watershed delineation dialog will appear Figure 3 1 18 2 BASINS 3 1 File Edit View Theme Analysis Surface Graphics Data Assess Delineate Reports Utilities Models Window Help 71 BASINS View 8 _ 030601080 03060108N HD Permit Compliance System T Water Quality Stations E Watershed Delineation Stations DEM Set Up TERES c basins data 030601 08 gridssdem dd N0 Properties Focusing watershed area option in option Preprocessing of the Dem to remove sinks USGS Gage Stations LI _ Water Quality Observation a Reach File V1 _ WDM W eather Data Static 4 Cataloging Unit Boundarie _ Accounting Unit Boundarie _ County Names 7 County Boundaries X m State Boundaries x 1 JC _ EPA Region Boundaries mm mem wi Babes e exe Lu 2 Microsoft Word 2 WARMF for Wi Command Prompt t amp 3 NETSCP gt 2 BASINS3 1 2748 29 11 51 AM Figure 3 1 Automatic Delineation Tool Dialog with Brier Creek Watershed Cataloging Unit Selected 3 Click the open file icon beside the DEM grid text box and select the DEM grid Make sure Select from BASINS View is highlighted and click OK
31. Aspect Data One type of data that is not automatically included in BASINS 3 1 but is a needed input in WARMF is catchment aspect This section describes the procedure to generate catchment aspect data within ArcView and add them to the delineated Subbasin theme for importing into WARMF 1 In BASINS 3 1 view activate the DEM Grid file and then select Surface Derive Aspect To do this make sure you have loaded in Spatial Analysis Extension A new theme with Aspect Aspect of DEM will appear 2 Activate the Subbasins theme and select Analysis Summarize Zones Choose Gridcode as the field that defines zones and pick the new aspect theme Aspect of DEM as the theme containing variable to summarize ArcView will produce a table Figure 3 3 with a row for each subbasin and summary statistics of aspect E Stats of Aspect of Dem Within Zones of Subbasins 3 394 2 1 0000 zm ME E RATE 4 a 2 19220 13673064000 1 0000 3585312 3535312 125 6851 1075081 2415567 0000 31693 120492439000 1 0000 357 5104 358 5104 77 364 2834 106601 2780803375 T 4 28 2118040 000 1 0000 3683584 359 9584 128 1003771154281 11180591250 BDSDIDIEDODI 1 0000 357 8709 88789 1543384 95 4765 13205738750 1 3574 1 0000 3632580 773802560 133 6217 1083828 1
32. MF Extension Daily precipitation min max air temperature cloud cover dew point temperature air pressure windspeed Hydrolog olh storage Observed orc rivers River and lake temperature and Water Quality olc lakes concentrations diversions T FIN HB WN H e Data Sources BASINS Data Download Meteorological WDM http www ncdc noaa gov oa climate onlineprod drought xmar ht http cdo ncdc noaa gov CDO mapproduct map based download http cdo ncdc noaa gov CDO dataproduct regular download http www epa gov castnet data html http nadp sws uiuc edu BASINS Data Download USGS Daily Streamflow http waterdata usgs gov nwis sw BASINS Data Download STORET water quality BASINS Data Download USGS Water Quality http www epa qgov storet Available from reservoir operators BASINS Data Download PCS discharge point sources http www epa gov enviro html pcs adhoc html 43 7 1 Meteorological data 7 1 1 Data sources WARMF generally runs on daily time step and requires daily records of precipitation minimum and maximum temperature cloud cover dew point temperature air pressure and wind speed As shown in Table 7 1 there are several data sources available to obtain these records 1 WDM data from BASINS which is on hourly time step To utilize this data source the users could use the WDMUtil tool in BASINS to convert the hourly records into dail
33. MO 722180 01 02 1994 0 9906 5 16 11000 5 11 1011 300 1 2 NCDC WMO 722180 01 03 1994 0 1 11 16 11000 7 11 1004 700 2 1 NCDC WMO 722180 01 04 1994 2 285 3 89 13 28 1 3 67 996 7000 6 8 NCDC WMO 722180 01 05 1994 0 254 3 28 11 11 0 8 4 17 1014 100 3 4 NCDC WMO 722180 01 06 1994 0 5 15 0 2 5 1018 1 6 NCDC WMO 722180 01 07 1994 0 5 22 72000 0 6 5 06 1011 700 4 NCDC WMO 722180 01 08 1994 0 1778 3 89 22 78000 0 8 2 39 1010 700 5 NCDC WMO 722180 01 09 1994 0 1016 4 39 13 28 0 8 10 22 1023 3 1 NCDC WMO 722180 01 10 1994 0 6 22 9 39 0 9 78 1030 5 2 8 NCDC WMO 722180 01 11 1994 0 6 11 15 5 0 3 5 1027 200 2 8 NCDC WMO 722180 01 12 1994 3 175 2 22 15 61 1 8 78 1014 400 2 2 NCDC WMO 722180 01 13 1994 2 9718 5 12 78 1 6 44 1007 1 6 NCDC WMO 722180 01 14 1994 0 0254 3 78 11 61 0 8 2 56 1003 600 4 8 NCDC WMO 722180 01 15 1994 0 2 78 11 72 0 10 72 1014 600 5 8 NCDC WMO 722180 01 16 1994 0 8 89 3 89 0 17 78000 1029 800 3 7 NCDC WMO 722180 01 17 1994 0 8 89 3 89 0 3 7 22 1019 700 3 8 NCDC WMO 722180 01 18 1994 1 397 1 72 8 28 0 9 1 78 1012 600 4 2 NCDC WMO 722180 01 19 1994 0 9 39 8 28 0 18 22000 1028 100 4 9 NCDC WMO 722180 01 20 1994 0 9 39 6 61 0 14 67 1029 5 1 2 NCDC WMO 722180 01 21 1994 8 89 7 72 0 8 06 1028 800 1 2 NCDC WMO 722180 01 22 1994 8 28 13 78 8 39 1025 0 7 NCDC WMO 722180 01 23 1994 0 8 28 13 89 0 b 17 1021 400 0 6 NCDC WMO 722180 01 24 1994 0 6 72 19 39000 0 1 5 1020 1 NCDC WMO 722180 01
34. R Fie Edit Module Help Type of data 4 Graph _ Average 1 32013 File name 02197520 Table Standard Deviation 3 31804 Name BRIER CREEK NEAR THOMSON GA Latitude 33 3685 Longitude 82 4682 Figure 7 10 Graph View of Observed Hydrology File 3 Repeat the above steps to create observed hydrology files for the rest of the USGS gaging stations Additional orh files may be created with streamflow data available from other sources as well 4 When orh files have been created for all stations the function File Import Gaging Stations in the Engineering Module can be used to import the files A dialog will pop up showing all the observed hydrology files created for the project Figure 7 11 Based on latitude and longitude coordinates specified in the data file the gaging station files are assigned to the river segment or reservoir at the station s coordinates If there is no match the station is left unassigned and must be set manually 5 To view the gaging stations in WARMF select View Gaging Stations from the main menu and the gaging stations are shown in white dots Figure 7 12 Double clicking on a white dot will open the file from within the Data Module 56 Import Data Files 5 02197520 d 02197550 d 0219600 d 02197830 d 2198100 d Figure 7 11 Import Gaging Stations dialog E Watershed Analysis Risk Management Framework C Program Files Systech WARMF BrierCreek Bri
35. RRRRRERHERRHEREERERERTERERRHRRERRRRREEHEERRHERHEHRERRRERERRERRRRRRERRSRRRRRERRMRRRRRRRERRMRRERRRRRMRRRRRERTMRMRuRRRRERRHERERERRRSRHRREHRRRRR a a Figure 3 3 Table of Calculated Aspects 3 Next open the corresponding attribute table of the Subbasins theme Add a new field First select Table Start Editing Then select Edit 22 Add Field and name the field Aspt_mean The new field should have a type of number width of 16 and decimal places of 2 Click OK and then Table Stop Editing and the table will now have an additional column for Aspect filled with zeros 4 Join the Stats of Aspect of DEM table with the Subbasins theme table Make both tables visible Make the Subbasins table active and click on the Gridcode header so it is highlighted Switch to make the Aspect of DEM table active and click on the Gridcode header Switch back to the Subbasins table and select Table Join from the main menu or use the Join shortcut button below the menu The Aspect of DEM data should now be joined into the Subbasins table 5 With the Subbasins table active select Table Start Editing Select the header of the recently added Aspt_mean column and select Field Calculate from the main menu The Field Calculator dialog will appear Scroll down the list of fields and double click on Mean It should now appear in the box below Click OK and the mean aspect values should now fill the Aspt mean column 6 Select Table Remove All Joins to re
36. Soe Bo PE 8 omc o on oo o oo D Dow o b o o o eo o oo 00 0 6 geo o D so gow 8 8 95 o 27476 AES o one 6 8 935 84 Bo o o o 10 o o o oe E o on 2 P o o o o o o o o o o 0 eo 2 2 eo a a a e e e e 1 e gt e o o o D o 5 o e o e a a a a a a a a a a e o a e o E o o eo o o e e o E o o e a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a e e e e e e e e e e e 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 a a a a a Figure 7 4 Graphical view of Augusta Bush Field meteorological data 6 After necessary files have been created the stations can be automatically assigned to watershed locations within WARMF From the Engineering Module select File Import Meteorology Stations from the WARMF main menu A dial
37. Surface E Data Assess Delineate Utilities Models Window Help aN C AKS 030601080 172 155 1 No Data f 03080108NHD _ Permit Compliance System Y W ater Quality Stations Bacteria Stations USGS Gage Stations W ater Quality Observation Stati Reach File V1 _ WDM Weather Data Stations e Cataloging Unit Boundaries _ Accounting Unit Boundaries _ County Names County Boundaries 222 836 82 Scale 1 1 083 182 564 038 44 a Figure 2 6 BASINS DEMG data projected in the BASINS View 2 2 5 Land Use Data WARMF requires land use data in a shape file format Section 6 of this document describes the process of importing land use data into WARMF This section describes the pre processing of land use data before importing into WARMF There are many possible sources for land use data After the BASINS Web Data Download a theme containing the EPA GIRAS LULC landuse data will appear in the BASINS project Figure 2 7 This data is relatively coarse and dated but can be a good starting point for most projects For this example we used the LULC landuse data 12 42 BASINS 3 1 Utilities Models Window Help _ Land Use Index _ DEM 03080108 15 52 mW 53 78 79 106 107 136 137 157 L_athega shp Urban or Built up Land Agricultural Land 33 Rangeland Forest Land Wi ater Wetland Bar
38. When all managed flow files have been created for the watershed the user must assign each one to the appropriate river segment or reservoir From the Engineering Module identify the location of the diversion or release on the WARMF map latitude longitude coordinates are displayed in the lower right corner of the WARMF main window Double click on the appropriate river segment or reservoir and select the Diversions tab Under Diversions From click on Add and navigate to the desired location for the point source data file Figure 7 17 Note the targeted receiving river segment is highlighted in yellow in Figure 7 17 62 Middle Brier Creek Sediment Initial Conc Adsorption ObsemedData CEQUALW2 Fhysical Data Stage Vvidth Diversions Point Sources Reactions Diversians From Diversions CityM LFLO Add Remove Remove Apply Changes To Selected Apply Changes To All write Output To File Figure 7 19 Assigning a Diversion file to a River Segment 4 Likewise the Diversions To column can be used to specify if the river segment receives water diverted from another river or reservoir segment See the WARMF User s Guide and Technical Documentation for more information on setting up agricultural diversions and irrigation as well as setting reservoir releases 7 6 Point Source data 7 6 1 Data sources 63 The point source flow and loading data used in WARMF are generally obtained from the EPA Permi
39. a 5 Note that unlike those subbasins generated automatically in BASINS 3 1 the manually added subbasin does not have the necessary attributes Thus you need to input its attributes manually later on Note Due to a bug in the extension tools uniting themes will sometimes cause duplicate polygons to occur in the modified subbasin shapefile This will cause problems upon importing into WARMF Therefore it is necessary to delete the extra polygons This can be done by making the theme active and opening the theme table and sorting the table by the header Gridcode Then arrange the windows so both the map and the table are visible Look through the table for duplicate rows Click on the rows to see if they are visible on the map The duplicate rows that do not show up as a highlighted catchment on the map should be deleted First select Table Start Editing from the table menu Then with the correct row highlighted select Edit Delete Records When all duplicate rows are deleted select Table Stop Editing and save changes Some river segments will need modification to reflect the real situation around a lake or reservoir For this example we need to extend the segment pointed to by the 89 red arrow Figure B 10 to the reservoir boundary and erase the circled segment The attributes of the corresponding river segments need manual modification as well 2 Lacrovsuk ZDOO Dlackland Research Center Ver
40. ality gt Graph Rain Add Blank Rows to End of Fie Femme Select Rowe or Name Brier Creek Air File Dry Dep GAS 153 Wet Dep GA20 Latitude 321411 Longitude 81 9714 oe p mg l mg l mg l mg l mg l 5 mg l N mg l 08 02 1988 0 0 0 05 0 19 0 044 0 058 0 171 3 75 2 17 0 24 Dry Dep CASTNET GAS 153 08 09 1988 0 0 13 0 09 0 021 0 011 0 096 1 59 1 05 0 15 08 16 1988 0 0 0 02 0 13 0 104 0 568 0 761 0 8 0 03 1 06 Wet Dep NADP GA 20 08 23 1988 0 0 02 1 45 0 019 0 003 0 061 1 03 0 7 0 09 08 30 1988 0 0 0 08 0 05 0 026 0 017 0 17 1 41 0 83 0 3 09 06 1988 0 0 0 02 0 04 0 02 0 269 0 121 0 65 0 03 0 23 09 13 1988 0 0 0 02 0 03 0 016 0 013 0 099 0 37 0 15 0 18 09 20 1988 0 0 0 19 0 08 0 103 0 04 0 846 2 11 0 81 1 42 09 27 1988 0 0 0 15 0 02 0 009 0 008 0 052 2 18 0 74 0 13 10 04 1988 0 0 0 02 0 01 0 017 0 01 0 151 0 37 0 36 0 25 10 11 1988 0 0 0 26 0 36 0 116 0 155 1 6 10 84 2 19 1 16 10 18 1988 0 0 26 0 36 0 116 0 155 1 6 10 84 2 19 1 16 10 25 1988 0 0 0 04 0 09 0 071 0 018 0 535 2 1 1 24 0 98 11 01 1988 0 0 0 2 0 15 0 059 0 046 0 42 2 21 1 95 0 65 11 08 1988 0 0 06 0 02 0 01 0 006 0 097 0 48 0 18 0 16 11 15 1988 0 0 0 06 0 02 0 01 0 006 0 097 0 48 0 18 0 16 11 22 1988 0 0 0 12 0 2 0 075 0 155 1 298 1 43 1 06 1 43 11 29 1988 0 0 0 11 0 06 0 064 0 023 0 521 1 6 0 82 0 89 12 06 1988 0 0 11 0 06 0 064 0 023 0 521 1 6 0 82 0 89 12 13 1988 0 0 0 04 0 04 0 011 0 006 0 059 1 5 0 72 0 12 12 20 1
41. any empty records in the file Therefore fill in any data gaps with estimated values The managed flow file is shown in Figure 7 16 61 Data Module fle Edt Module Diversion from City 33 1578 zw DLs E 1 17458 City Water Dept 1 17458 City Water Dept 1 17458 City Water Dept 1 17458 City Water Dept 1 17458 City Water Dept 1 17458 City Water Dept 1 17458 City Water Dept 1 17458 City Water Dept 1 17458 City Water Dept 1 17458 City Water Dept 1 17458 City Water Dept 1 17458 City Water Dept 1 17458 City Water Dept 1 17458 City Water Dept 1 17458 City Water Dept 1 17458 City Water Dept 1 17458 City Water Dept 1 17458 City Water Dept 1 17458 City Water Dept 1 17458 City Water Dept 1 17458 City Water Dept 1 17458 City Water Dept 1 17458 City Water Dept 1 17458 City Water Dept 1 17458 City Water Dept 1 17458 City Water Dept 1 17458 City Water Dept 1 17458 City Water Dept 1 17458 City Water Dept 1 17458 City Water Dept 1 17458 City Water Dept 1 17458 City Water Dept 1 17458 City Water Dept 1 17458 City Water Dept 1 17458 City Water Dept 1 17458 City Water Dept 1 17458 City Water Dept 1 17458 City Water Dept 1 17458 City Water Dept 1 17458 City Water Dept 1 17458 City Water Dept Figure 7 16 Example Managed Flow File 3
42. ata for Brier Creek Watershed 2 2 2 BASINS Web Data Download To delineate a watershed in BASINS 3 1 additional data i e DEM and river network data need to be downloaded using the BASINS data download tool Figure 2 3 For a WARMF application land use data Is also required From the data menu select data download and check the boxes for e BASINS DEM DEMG NED GIRAS landuse Legacy Storet e National Hydrography Dataset NHD e National Landcover Database NLCD Optional On the next pop up dialog Specify NLCD to download select the correct State where the watershed is located For the next dialog BASINS Web Data Download select DEM DEMG and GIRAS Landuse BASINS will then proceed through the data download and then provide a log file describing the locations of the DEM and NLCD data BASINS Web Data Download Fie wiew Help BASINS Project ccAbasins data Brier Browse Select Data Types to Download BASINS DEM DEM NED GIRAS landuse Legacy STORET BASINS Meteorological v DM STATS GO for BASING SWAT Natonal Hydrography Dataset x PCS Discharge STORET USGS Daily Streamflow En Hf USGS Water Quality Select All Select None Cancel Figure 2 3 BASINS Data Download Tool 2 2 3 River Network Data After the Web Data Download step described in 2 2 2 the NHD data should be automatically imported into BASINS as a new coverage Figure 2 4 This is the recommended r
43. ata into WARMF The time series data file created in Excel was then imported into WARMF 1 To create an observed water quality file first select Water Quality from the Type of Data list and then select File New from the menu WARMF will create a blank spreadsheet Select Edit Columns from the menu and in the pop up window select the constituents that have data available Figure 7 13 Copy the data records of each constituent into the WARMF Spreadsheet 2 Specify the latitude and longitude and specify an appropriate file name e g BCSR17 ORC The latitude and longitude of each station is available 58 in the file downloaded from STORET website The users might want to refer to the attribute table of the Water Quality Observation Stations coverage Wqobs shp in the BASINS project for description and latitude and longitude of the station The resulted water quality file should look like Figure 7 14 Additional orc rivers or olc lakes can be created with other data sets BrierMillhaven orc Sel Highlight parameters to be included in this data File Ammonia Aluminum Calcium Magnesium Potassium Sodium Sulfate Figure 7 13 Edit Columns for Observed Water Quality File Data Module BEK File Edit Module Help Type of data Observed Water Quality marme gt Graph Add Blank Rows to End of File Tabl Insert or Delete Row E JBCSRIZ ORC gt IRSE Select Rows Ctrl lns or Ctrl D Name Brier Ck A
44. atershed will be named based on the name of the most downstream river or reservoir segment in the subwatershed To view the names select View Labels To remove a subwatershed breakpoint make sure WARMF is in View Subwatershed mode colored map and select the most downstream river of the subwatershed A dialog will pop up to ask if you want to remove the subwatershed boundary f reservoirs exist in the watershed all reservoirs are the downstream boundary of subwatersheds Make sure that the river or reservoir segment has a name If not input the name manually 34 2 Watershed Analysis Risk Management Framework BrierCreek WSM File Edit View Mode Scenario Docu Module Window Fills System 10 81 8372 33 3591 Figure 5 8 Subwatershed Regions for Brier Creek Watershed 5 7 Save WARMF Project File WSM file The model is set up once catchment and river data are properly imported and linked Users can save the project file by selecting File Save As For example you can save the Brier Creek project as C Program Files WARMF BrierCreek BrierCreek WSM gt Ues Save As rather than Save 35 6 Import Land Use Data BASINS 3 1 provides landuse data see Section 2 2 5 Note that some of the BASINS landuse data EPA GIRAS LU LC is from the 1980s Users may have their own sources of land use data which can also be directly imported into WARMF as a shapefile As discussed in Section 4 the land use shape fil
45. ave A message will appear stating the project directory that was created Figure 5 2 and the files untitled coe untitled con warmf hlp and model exe will be copied from the WARMF directory into this directory NOTE Do NOT use the New Folder quick button in the standard windows Save As dialog that pops up You must instead type in the name of the 26 directory and click Save If the quick button is used the appropriate files will not be copied to the new project directory SEE a Watershed Analysis Risk Management Framework Untitled P Edt Tools window Help 4 New Open Close Watershed Create Project Directory Land Forms Catchment Layer Exit Ctrl X DEM River Layer Define DEM gt Lake Layer Figure 5 1 Create Project Directory Function in WARMF C M aurakwarimfksBrierCreek Anew project directory Was created Figure 5 2 Dialog Stating Creation of Project Directory 2 5 3 Import Catchment Layer Select File Import Watershed Catchment Layer and choose the catchment shapefile C BrierCreek catchment shp In the pop up window Figure 5 3 match the fields according to Table 5 1 and click OK The four variables that must be matched are highlighted in bold in Table 5 1 ArcView Shape File Fields Match the GIS shape Fields with the appropriate model coefficients None Select
46. aves the final results in a warm start file with a WST extension This file provides the initial conditions for scenario B When making run for scenario B turn the Warm Start option on and select the name of the warm start file from scenario A For the program to work it is important that the ending date of the first scenario is exactly one day prior to the starting date of the second scenario After all options in the simulation control dialog are selected click OK to start the run Then a simulation window will appear Figure 8 2 69 Simulation Control Subwatersheds Beginning Date 10 01 1994 Brier Creek above Reedy Creek Mong El Brier Creek at Millhaven Ending Date 1001 1999 Brier Creek downstream segment Time step hours 24 simulate Hydrology and v Water Quality Sediment Hydrology Autocalibration Land Application Point Sources Figure 8 1 WARMF Simulation Control Window L MODEL File Edit View State Window Help 1 SUBWATERSHED 1 Simulating day Percent completed There are 3 subwatersheds in this system Percent completed of total system 1 Figure 8 2 WARMF Model Simulation Window 70 The simulation window is a DOS based window showing the progress of the Simulation e g how many subwateresheds in the simulation of simulation finished and days of the simulation period WARMF will perform the simulation in the background so the user is
47. ble in the accompanying Technical Documentation 79 Chen et al 2001 and User s Guide Chen et al 2000 Also please contact Systech Engineering for additional information 80 References USEPA 2004 Better Assessment Science Integrating Point and Nonpoint Sources Version 3 BASINS 3 1 U S Environmental Protection Agency Report EPA 823 F 04 026 Chen C W J Herr and L Weintraub 2000 Watershed Analysis Risk Management Framework WARMF User s Guide Publication No 1000729 Electric Power Research Institute Palo Alto CA Chen C W J Herr and L Weintraub 2001 Watershed Analysis Risk Management Framework WARMF Update One A Decision Support System for Watershed Analysis and Total Maximum Daily Load Calculation Allocation and Implementation Publication No 1005181 Electric Power Research Institute Palo Alto CA Herr J C W Chen R A Goldstein and J Brogdon A Tool for Sediment TMDL Development on Oostanaula Creek a paper accepted for presentation at Watershed Management to Meet Emerging TMDL Environmental Regulations Conference and Exhibits March 11 13 2002 Radisson Plaza Fort Worth TX Keller A 2000 Peer Review of the Watershed Analysis Risk Management Framework WARMF evaluation of WARMF for TMDL applications by independent experts using USEPA guidelines Technical Report 2000 1000252 Electric Power Research Institute Palo Alto CA Keller A 200
48. converting the image directly into shapefile 22 BASINS 3 1 File Edit View Theme Analysis Surface Graphics Data Assess Delineate Reports Utilities Models Window Help 1 137 368 22 Scale 1 128470500 f x Forest Upland Shrub Grass Land Figure 2 11 NLCD Land Use theme for the State of Georgia 2 2 6 Timeseries Data Other useful data available through the BASINS Data Download tool data includes e PCS discharge point sources e STORET water quality e USGS Daily Streamflow e USGS Water Quality 16 The PCS discharge data supplies flow and loading data for major point sources in the watershed Streamflow and water quality data from USGS and STORET is used during calibration to compare simulated results with observed Section 7 of this document describes how to import the time series data into WARMF 17 3 Watershed Delineation 3 1 BASINS Automatic Delineation BASINS provides several tools for watershed delineation including the Manual Delineation Tool and Automatic Delineation Tool For this example we demonstrated the use of Automatic Delineation Tool To create a watershed delineation in BASINS first load the BASINS 3 1 extensions by going to the File menu selecting BASINS 3 1 Extensions and then from the pop up menu select the Delineate extension category Make sure the Automatic Delineation box is checked The following steps briefly summarize the process Please refer to the B
49. de were exacted from the drychem xls and were available for only several years of 1988 89 and 2000 2004 We filled the data gaps by repeating records of 1988 89 Concentrations of NO SO Sulfate Nitrate and Ammonia were extracted from the velwk xls These data were mostly available for the period of 1988 2002 2 Wet deposition data for a monitoring station near the Brier Creek Watershed Bellville GA20 Station were directly downloaded from the 50 NADP website The downloaded data were weekly concentrations in mg L of the main constituents in rain water i e Ammonia Calcium Magnesium Potassium Sodium Sulfate Nitrate and Chloride at Bellville station measured during 1983 2004 For wet deposition only data from 1988 2004 were used Because dry and wet deposition data are combined into one file WARMF requires that the wet and dry deposition records have the same starting date and time intervals If the dates of the two data sets are not identical it may be necessary to make some adjustments to one of the data sets so that a uniform series of dates is used For this example the resulting air quality file has a starting date of July 5th 1988 Also any missing data gaps should be filled in with an estimated value e g previous data point 7 2 2 Importing data into WARMF The time series data file created in Excel was then imported into WARMF l 8 An Air Quality data file air was creating using an approach
50. delineation problems 2 Build a BASINS 3 1 Project 2 1 Project Setup In this tutorial the Brier Creek Watershed in Georgia HUC 03060108 will be used to demonstrate how to build a project in BASINS 3 1 and proceed to watershed delineation 1 Upon opening BASINS 3 1 choose build new project apr from the Open Project dialog 2 Select your watershed For this example zoom to the state of Georgia and select the watershed highlighted in Figure 2 1 The identify tool can be used to check the watershed name and HUC number BASINS 3 1 8 x File Edit View Theme Graphics Data Window Help 9 z ERE Scale 1 2 554511 EE 2 2 Data Extraction View RU 1 NES me N WEIT A Y a d 28 7 1 e 1 M g r Cataloging Unit Boundaries I R _ County Boundaries 4 State Boundaries Figure 2 1 Selection of Brier Creek Watershed HUC 03060108 in BASINS 3 1 project set up 3 Go to Data menu and select data download Then BASINS will download some basic coverages and create a new project with the downloaded data for you Since BASINS 3 1 data is typically unprojected in decimal degrees the user is prompted to project the data upon creating a new project For the purposes of importing a BASINS delineation into WARMF it 15 not important which projection is selected at this stage However af
51. e System 10 81 6379 33 4407 Figure 5 4 Import of Catchments for Brier Creek Watershed 5 4 Import River layer To import the river layer the procedure is similar as above Select File Import Watershed River Layer choose the river shapefile C BrierCreek stream shp In the pop up window Figure 5 5 match the fields according to Table 5 2 and click OK The ten 10 variables that must be matched are highlighted in bold in Table 5 2 30 ArcView Shape File Fields Match the 515 shape Fields with the appropriate model coefficients GIS Shanefile Fields Model Coefficients ARCID None Selected GRID CODE River ID FROM NODE None Selected TO NODE None Selected Upstream SUBBASINA Downstram Hiver IL None Selected AREAC None Selected LEN River Length aLO Hiver Slope WID 2 Hiver Width 4 Figure 5 5 Import River Layer Dialog Click OK and WARME will import the river layer convert all entities to river and populate each river with the data from the DBF file When finished the river layer should appear on the map Figure 5 6 Table 5 2 Key for River DBF Fields GIS Shapefile Fields Model Coefficients ARCID None Selected GRID CODE River ID FROM NODE None Selected TO NODE None Selected SUBBASIN Upstream Catchment SUBBASINR Downstream River ID NUMIN None Selected AREAC None Selected LEN2 River Length SLO2 River Slope WID2 River Width DEP2 River Depth MI
52. e must be unprojected to decimal degrees before import into WARMF The following example describes the import of the EPA GIRAS LU LC data into WARMF Table 6 1 shows the default land use categories in WARMF Table 6 2 shows the land use codes for the EPA GIRAS LU LC data Most of the GIRAS LU LC land uses are represented in the 14 default WARMF land uses Table 6 1 Default land use categories in WARMF WARMF Land Use Code WARMF Land use Ignored Deciduous Coniferous Mixed Forest Orchard Cropland Pasture Confined Feeding Rangeland Forested Wetland Non forested Wetland Tundra Barren Residential Comm lndustrial Water PRP PP DU 14 36 Table 6 2 EPA GIRAS LU LC Data Codes Code Code 1 00 Residenti _ _ 12 services 00 O B Industrial Transportation communication utilities 14 _____ 45 Industrial and commercial complexes 16 17 Otherumbanorbuilt upland 2 J JJ Agrcltualand 00 D wd LZ Cropland and pasture 22 Orchards groves vineyards nurseries and ornamental horticultural 23 Confined feeeding operations 24 Other agricultural land L3 Rangeland 000000 o 31 rangeland O Z 1 1 _____ 32 Shrub brush rangeland o BB Mixed rangeland 44402 00 ____ Deciduous forestland 0000
53. e using the selector tool Then holding the shift key unselect the lakes in the watershed Figure B 15 Save this configuration as a new shapefile using the Theme Convert to Shapefile menu item This new shapefile 92 will contain all the original catchments and associated data but contain a space where the lake is located Figure B 16 Use this modified shapefile for importing catchments into WARMF 7 4 0 5 Sele A SASH CIE af Sedat barely added 1044 1 1 ubbaria 1023 c A Dam 22 8307 4 20 Harih part 22 2 87 East 1125 E Aa fagi 167 5 262 5 1 8 Subbari m ahp risma Rare 3 158p e SSOP j Cregg aba Ca 1 an 720 1 SANTEE Extent BS 29 63 m Area 1 731 Figure 15 shapes in theme select except lake area BASINS 3 0 De Yow Gnas Graces Dua Denese Winker Mb 2 ae RS AB BERS 720 amp 5 IO IE RIA F lT Sese 1111220 2450 e HASINS View pix yi ovis L
54. ed GRIDCODE Catchment ID SUBBASIN Mone Selected AREA Catchment Area LENT SLOT Catchment Slope SLL None Selected CSL None Selected None Selected None Selected LATITUDE None Selected Figure 5 3 Import Catchment Layer Dialog 28 Table 5 1 Key for Catchment DBF Fields GIS Shapefile Fields Model Coefficients ID None Selected GRIDCODE Catchment ID SUBBASIN None Selected AREA Catchment Area LEN None Selected SLO1 Catchment Slope SLL None Selected CSL None Selected WID1 None Selected DEP1 None Selected LATITUDE None Selected ELEV None Selected BNAME None Selected ASPT MEAN Catchment Aspect WARME will import the catchment layer convert all entities to catchments and populate each catchment with the data from the DBF file e g catchment dbf When finished the catchment layer will appear on the map Figure 5 4 When a catchment is double clicked it should contain the same coefficient values as in the original shapefile If data is unavailable for any of the specified fields in the Model Coefficients column of Table 5 1 WARMF will populate the catchments with default coefficients for those model inputs 2 WARMF Public Domain currently allows a maximum of 100 catchments in each project set up WARMEF with more than 100 catchments please contact Systech Engineering 29 Ui Watershed Analysis Risk Management Framework Untitled F File Edit View Mode Scenario Docu Module Window Tel xe S elele M
55. erCreek_ sub WSM Edt View Mode Scenario Docu Module Window z lv t 5 slic 1 Fills System 10 Figure 7 12 View Gaging Stations for Brier Creek Watershed 5 8 _ 61 4786 33 0913 CAPS NUM SCRL 7 4 Observed Water Quality 7 4 1 Data sources Observed time series of water chemistry data e g nutrient concentrations DO BOD are required for water quality calibration in WARMF These data are available from several sources 1 BASINS 3 1 provides a data download tool to download STORET data automatically for each HUC see Section 2 2 6 Select BASINS Data Download STORET water quality 2 BASINS 3 1 provides a data download tool to download USGS Water Quality data automatically for each HUC see Section 2 2 6 Select BASINS Data Download STORET water quality USGS Water Quality 3 STORET data can also be obtained directly from EPA at the following via the following website http www epa gov storet 4 In many watersheds sampling programs conducted various Stakeholder groups will yield ambient water quality data useful WARMF In this example we download legacy STORET water quality data directly from the EPA STORET website The downloaded data were processed in Excel spreadsheet WARMF accepts water quality concentration data in units of mg L It is not necessary to have a uniform frequency of data records 7 4 2 Importing d
56. erge is complete a new theme included all merged land use themes will be added to the project It may be necessary to reset the legend of the 13 new theme Double click on the theme to open the Legend Editor Click on the Load button and open the file c BASINS etc legend avl Select Lucode as the field and click OK Click on Apply to update the theme s legend in the view 22 GeoProcessing About Merge Choose a GeoProcessing operation then click the Next Button to choose This operation appends the EU features of two or more themes C Dissolve features based on an attribute ns s Bp cm TN IRIS will he retained it the ave the fe Merge themes together Y Au studi same name theme based on another Intersect two themes Ic C Union two themes t Assign data by location Spatial Join Themel Themes Output Theme More about Menge Help Cancel gt gt Figure 2 8 Geoprocessing Wizard Dialog It is also helpful to clip the land use data based on the watershed boundary This could also be done using the Geoprocessing Wizard extension From the main menu select View Geoprocessing Wizard and a new dialog will appear Select Clip one theme based on another and click on Next n item 1 select the land use theme to be clipped e g landuseall shp Then select the polygon overlay theme e g Cataloging Unit Boundaries Specify the output file name and location and
57. g View New theme and set the feature type as polygon In this new theme draw a rectangle that covers the entire no data area in theme Watershed but does not extend outside of the watershed boundary Figure B 6 2 As before combine the Watershed theme with the rectangle theme using View Geoprocessing Wizard Union two themes and then combine the resulting theme with the reservoir theme Figure B 7 3 Delete all unwanted polygons to obtain the polygon of the additional subbasin as shown by Figure B 8 86 i im Window Heb tH FIN TM DADO esed E Unien rhy Lj W Len gheiau_serersichp mn A che 21 Uniemdahg mm Figure B 6 Creating new theme around lake mm 21 _ Langhahau nerarsalt chp Ez 21 o Wateneds te mm 21 Unisndihg Figure 7 Union new theme with reservoir theme 87 1 Langhahau nerereaitghp 1 Rectangular she c Pagel seed bry apr Figure B 8 Resulting theme with subbasins around lake 4 Then import the Subbasin theme from the BASINS 3 1 view and merge it with the additional subbasin in Figure B 8 using Geoprocessing Merge two themes together Figure B 9 shows the final delineation 88 ens pn 8 6 enl eal RES pu m AE Figure B 9 Final subbasin them with lake are
58. gure 8 7 WARMF simulated and observed temperature of Brier Creek at Millhaven Brier Creek at Millhaven Dissolved Oxygen mg l ig Brier Creek at Millhaver Chloride mg l Phosphate mg l P Alkalinity mol Cals Org BOD mgl Silica mg l 5i Fecal Coliform 100 rr Dissolved Oxygen mg Feriphyton Chl a Clay mal Silt mg l Sand mg l Total Phosphorus Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen Total Nitrogen mgl Total Organic Carbon Total Phytoplankton uc Total Suspended Sedir Total Sediment Brier Creek Observed Dissolved Oxygen mgA 11 01 1384 03 17 1885 02001171995 1101 1995 03011996 OF 011996 1101 1996 0201 1997 0201 1997 1101 1997 03 01 1888 07001171998 1101 1998 030171999 0200171999 Show Observed Create T ext File c This constituent all scenarios Em IDisIyge DAT gt All constituents BrierCreel Figure 8 8 WARMF simulated and observed Dissolved Oxygen of Brier Creek at Millhaven 76 8 3 Additional WARMF Output In addition to viewing output through the Engineering Module of WARMF the Consensus TMDL and Knowledge modules provide model output and other information of interest to stakeholders e g GIS maps showing bar charts of point and nonpoint loadings from various regions of the watershed and GIS maps showing the compliance or noncompliance with water quality criteria in various parts of the watershed The Technical Documentatio
59. homson WPCP NPDES 640020974 Latitude 33 4525 Longitude 82 5064 Date Flow Fecal Coliform cms kg d N kg d 10 9 4 4 Data Source 01 15 1998 0 095169 6 8 NPDES GA0020974 01 31 1998 0 095169 6 8 02 28 1998 0 096703 11 8 5 6 03 31 1998 0 096703 20 167 11 8 5 6 04 30 1998 0 09063 20 70 0 17 12 4 05 31 1998 0 055585 20 48 4 4 9 06 30 1998 0 037893 20 11 0 42 0 8 07 31 1998 0 034471 20 10 0 5 1 5 08 31 1998 0 033122 20 7 7 0 34 1 7 09 30 1998 0 044294 20 8 0 61 5 11 30 1998 0 038655 20 10 0 62 3 1 12 31 1998 0 042778 20 12 0 33 2 3 01 31 1999 0 062454 20 47 0 43 2 6 02 28 1999 0 072729 20 57 4 8 3 03 31 1999 0 065771 20 54 1 05 3 3 04 30 1999 0 054984 20 18 1 43 2 1 05 31 1999 0 048912 20 13 0 708 1 2 06 30 1999 0 044916 20 14 0 66 1 8 07 31 1999 0 046542 20 11 0 96 3 1 08 31 1999 0 044649 20 8 0 5 3 7 09 30 1999 0 046826 20 11 0 77 3 10 31 1999 0 049438 20 18 1 37 2 3 11 30 1999 0 045499 20 9 1 2 12 31 1999 0 044715 20 14 0 54 1 7 01 31 2000 0 061767 20 53 3 48 6 7 02 29 2000 0 061039 20 23 2 38 6 8 03 31 2000 0 0638 20 29 1 66 4 2 04 30 2000 0 052237 20 19 0 815 2 8 05 31 2000 0 045376 20 11 4 17 1 1 06 30 2000 0 044044 20 11 10 2 1 07 31 2000 0 044667 20 12 3 Lr 2 7 08 31 2000 0 053175 20 19 11 1 6 09 30 2000 0 084549 20 34 10 3 7 10 31 2000 0 05293 20 24 6 5 7 4 Figure 7 18 Point Source File for Brier Creek Watershed 3 When all point source files have been created for the wate
60. iking shen added Ost Manually 46444 Yi 10da Vf Jj tem Subeas es 10443 E f 104a eut sh c 104a Uker um Aspel ot Cem 22 6 337 6 200 22 6 67 6 4125 Seat east 152 6 167 6 Beuth 167 6207 202 297 45 west 519 Wortvwstt 202 6237 6 Ma D ak Taam 1 ube fsdkwrrisra m ahp a _ aminti me 1 Wami 2 1 ibar 10 ag Iz E _ Cataloging Bod alan 1 Gage TEL EIE AUI m Baden PA An Area 1 50 m Figure B 16 New theme with lake area removed 93 Note Due to a bug in the extension tools uniting themes will sometimes cause duplicate polygons to occur in the modified subbasin shapefile This will cause problems upon importing into WARMF Therefore it is necessary to delete the extra polygons This can be done by making the theme active and opening the theme table and sorting the table by the header Gridcode Then arrange the windows so both the map and the table are visible Look through the table for duplicate rows Click on the rows to see if they are visible on the map The duplicate rows that do
61. ing Physical Data Meteorology Land Uses Land Application Irrigation Sediment BMP s 10 Apply Changes To Selected Apply Changes To All Write Output To File Figure 6 4 Catchment Land Use Data 41 7 Import Time Series Data Once the watershed map is imported into WARMF several time series data files must be created in order to start a simulation For hydrology simulation required data includes meteorology and managed flow reservoir releases if a lake or reservoir is present For water quality simulation an air quality file is required and point sources files are recommended if the watershed contains significant dischargers For calibration observed hydrology USGS gaging and reservoir elevation and observed water quality files should be created These files can all be created through the WARMF Data Module Figure 7 1 To switch to the Data module select Module Data from the main menu Under Type of Data the files can be viewed for each category As described in Section 2 2 6 BASINS provides an automatic data download menu to download several types of time series data Other data is available over the internet from various sources Table 7 1 summarizes the data and possible sources The following sections provide examples and information for importing each data type into WARMF Figure 7 1 Data Module in WARMF 42 Table 7 1 Time series data input files in WAR
62. is not necessary Then select File Import Watershed Lake Layer and choose the lake reservoir shapefile created earlier The hole in the delineation is then filled by a blue area representing the reservoir Figure B 19 95 Walerhed Fundas Belk Franek Untitled Edt View Scenario Docu Medue Window l xj ETETADERPRRRTKIE L LE miy 98 HIC IO i qi NNT Figure B 19 Import of lake layer into WARMF project B 4 Link Reservoir with Catchments and Rivers The new lake area is not automatically linked to the surrounding catchments and rivers Therefore it is necessary to establish these links manually Select View Tributary Connections Red arrows will appear on the map showing the direction of flow Zoom in to see the connection details around the reservoir Figure B 20 96 Watershed Rink Maneprrced Pramas gt Untitled m xj j is xj Fills 116 8908 HUM Figure B 20 Connectivity in lake area Select Edit connect to connect entities manually see WARMF s manual for details Figure B 21 presents the reservoir connected with three inflow rivers one outflow river and one catchment The arrows highlighted in light blue are manually added connections a Watervhed Anahi Bink Managed Urabe zin PrE l is mm xj Fills Synem 10 1
63. iver network file and provides much higher accuracy than the default V1 Reach File NHD data can also be downloaded directly from the internet http nhd usgs gov If downloaded from the USGS website the shapefile is unprojected decimal degrees AND 1983 and must be projected into the same projection as the rest of the BASINS 3 1 project 4 BASINS 3 1 File Edit View Theme Analysis Surface Graphics Data Assess Delineate Reports Utilities Models Window Help EJE 2 IS JO OMe bel Scale 11512250 EA E 1 BASINS View f 03060108NHD Permit Compliance System Y W ater Quality Stations Bacteria Stations USGS Gage Stations L _ Water Quality Observation Stati Reach File V1 _ WDM Weather Data Stations ie Cataloging Unit Boundaries _ Accounting Unit Boundaries _ County Names _ County Boundaries State Boundaries _ EPA Region Boundaries _ State _ Land Use Index DEM 03080108 157 157 Origin 1 210 356 65 451 497 51 m Extent 83 81 62 69 mi Area 5 881 16 sq mi Figure 2 4 NHD and Default DEM Data Displayed in BASINS 3 1 2 2 4 DEM Data BASINS automatically imports the default DEM shapefile into the project when the project is first created Figure 2 4 For watershed delineation in BASINS 3 1 data in Grid format is required e g DEMG data downloaded in Section 2 2 2 The
64. leases This data is very site specific and is not often available from national databases via 60 the Internet Reservoir release records can be obtained from the stakeholder operating the reservoir e g USBR or utility company Water diversions for agricultural uses can generally be obtained from a State Engineer s Water Master Municipal and Industrial M amp I diversion records must be obtained from the Stakeholder who uses the diverted water e g a city or a power plant 7 5 2 Importing data into WARMF Managed flow records are specified in WARMF as files with a FLO extension and flow units of m s Once data available data records are processed managed flow files can be created for the WARMF project Note since actual M amp I diversion data was not obtained for Brier Creek watershed hypothetical data is used in the following example 1 From the Data Module select Managed Flow in Type of data list and then File New in the menu When prompted save the file as a managed flow file e g CityM amp l flo Specify the name and latitude and longitude There will be columns for Date Flow and Data Source 2 Add blank rows to the file using the Add Blank Rows to End of File function Copy ctrl C and paste ctrl V the processed data from the spreadsheet into the WARMF file The date records must have a format of dd Also although the data records do not have to have uniform frequency there must not be
65. les from BASINS directory c BASINS data BrierCreek USGSflow to WARMF directory c program files WARMF BrierCreek Then from the WARMF Data module select Observed Hydrology from Type of Data list and select File Import from the menu 2 In the pop up window select the text file to import and click open e g 02197520 dv txt In the next pop up window save the file as observed hydrology file e g 02197520 dv orh WARMF will automatically import the station location description into Name the latitude and longitude and the data source The resulting observed hydrology file is shown in table view Figure 7 9 and graph view Figure 7 10 54 Data Module m File Edit Module Help Type of data Observed aaa gt Graph Table File name 102197520 dr520 dv orh BRIER CREEK THOMSON GA 07A 8 1967 0771971967 07 20967 07 21967 07 22967 07 23 1967 0772 A195 7 07251957 07 26 1967 72 9 07 28 1957 07 29967 07730 1967 07 31 1957 08 01 1967 0 538045 USGS 02197520 0 481409 USGS 02197520 0 4247 73 0565 02197520 0 396455 USGS 02197520 0 339818 USGS 02197520 0 424773 USGS 02197520 0 366136 USGS 02197520 0 3115 USGs 02197520 0 339818 USGS 02197520 0 424773 USGS 02197520 0 536045 USGS 02197520 0 339818 USGS 02197520 0 396455 USGS 02197520 0 3115 USGS 02197520 0 246368 USGS 02197520 Figure 7 9 Table View of Observed Hydrology File 55 Data Module DA
66. move the joined Aspect of DEM data Then click on Table Stop Editing to save results in the Subbasins theme The revised Subbasins theme table is shown in Figure 3 4 Z Attributes of Subbasins Figure 3 4 Revised Subbasins Theme Including Aspect Data 23 4 Unproject and Export Shapefiles To import the BASINS delineated watershed into WARMF all shapefiles must first be converted to decimal degrees Thus the projected layers must be unprojected before data importing Note that using unprojected data in the delineation can cause Significant differences in the delineation results Several tools are available to unproject the data such as the Projector or ArcView Projection Utility extensions in ArcView 3 2 or the ArcToolBox Data Management Projections in ArcGIS In the next section an example using the Projector extension is provided 4 1 Unproject using the Projector Extension unproject using the Projector extension first turn on the extension under File Extensions you do not find this as one of the possible extensions then you need to copy this extension file prjctr avx into ArcView s extension s directory For a typical ArcView 3 x setup you should copy the prjctr avx file found in the C ESRI AV_ gis30 ArcView samples ext to C ESRI AV_gis30 ArcView Ext32 If you have successfully loaded the extension then in your View GUI you should see an icon like this 1 In your BASINS project with the BASINS View ac
67. n and User s Guide for WARMF provide detailed information about these modules The following example shows how to view loading output through the Consensus module From the main menu select Module Consensus The roadmap for the Consensus module will be displayed Figure 8 9 Consensus Road Map Module Scenario 1 Stakeholders Organization e Work Plan Mission Tasks amp Schedule 3 Water Quality Issues Designated Use 4 Learning Process simulate Loading Scenario BrierCreek_new Describe 5 Management Alternatives E dit Sources b Analysis Cost Benefit Cast Sharing Resolution Consensus Figure 8 9 Consensus Module roadmap first three steps of the Consensus roadmap contain dialogs where stakeholders can input information about the stakeholder group watershed goals designated uses and criteria In step 4 Learning Process the Simulate button links back to the simulation control dialog of the Engineering module Click on the Loading button to view loading charts for the watershed Figure 8 10 Select a stream segment to add remove a loading bar Loading charts can be viewed for 77 various constituents by scrolling through the list in the small dialog that pops up The magenta portion of a loading chart represents the point source loading for a constituent and the green portion of the loading chart represents the nonpoint source loading Double click
68. n on viewing profile output mass output and spatial output through the Engineering module is provided in these documents Close the Statistics window In the time series output window click on different variables to view the simulation results for other variables The results for the temperature and dissolved oxygen should look similar to Figures 8 7 and 8 8 Several output plots can be viewed simultaneously in WARMF The dialogs can be moved around by dragging To close the output dialog click on the X in the upper right corner 72 Brier Creek at Millhaven Flow cms Creek at Milhhaver Depth Velocity m s Temperature pH S U Ammonia mg l M Aluminum mg l Calcium mgl Magnesium mal Potassium mgl Sodium mgl Sulfate mg l 5 Nitrate mgl M Chloride mal Phosphate mg l F Alkalnity mg Cals Org Carbon BOD mgl Silica mg l 5i 524 11 01 1384 03 0 1718295 1 ae 0701 1995 11 01 1895 4 037011996 gt OF 011996 1101 1996 03 01 1997 0701 1997 v Show Observed Create Text File c This constituent all scenarios Statistics Flow DAT 2 All constituents BrierCreel 11011997 03 01 1885 TILES a bzerved OF 011998 11 01 1998 03 01 1200 074017198900 X Figure 8 4 Time series of WARMF simulated flow of Brier Creek at Millhaven compared to observed values 73 Brier Creek at Millhaven Flow cms BrierCreek
69. nd exits reservoir 91 Theme nipit Gites Daa Denese Window Gees Rex Fast 07 5 6 4167 Beuth 167 6202 6 2025 2472 Wet Qe 5 292 5 Wortwert 202 6337 0 Mo D ata Stema um Waisted Cedweriere mane 44 21 snam 21 Waimfurgertations 2 e J N Steamas 21 10 c Catan ging uu um S Figure B 13 Subbasin and lake theme active in BASI NS BASIHS 3 0 aE im Sala Das SSE Ge s Em Tu x eal ititi Cale Ww Wr fir 21 Lai _ Haake c Tubbarma 10a Pubbases 104 y Dam Piat th Saar wey 202 5337 58 x fading risana are hians 1 Wanmfturgrrtzlicas IDA c Unit ho cred athe Ex BELL S idu m m T Figure B 14 Union of subbasin and lake themes Next with the united theme active mask out the lake area This is done by selecting all objects in the them
70. not show up as a highlighted catchment on the map should be deleted First select Table Start Editing from the table menu Then with the correct row highlighted select Edit Delete Records When all duplicate rows are deleted select Table Stop Editing and save changes Now the modified subbasin shapefile and river shape file can be imported into WARMF as described in Section 5 Before importing the lakes shapefile it is recommended to delete stream segments that will lie underneath the lake Figure B 17 To delete these segments selecting them clicking once hold down the shift key to select multiple rivers Figure B 18 Then select Edit Cut from the main menu and save the project Watershed Analysts Risk Management Framrenrk Sanwan d VfSM rie view Mode ceric Doc Mode Window Fille Svatem 10 1075010 37 4008 NUM Figure 17 WARMF prior to lake import with extra stream segments 94 y CAPA arcada 0000400 2 Figure B 18 Extra stream segments lake area removed B 3 Importing the lake reservoir layer into WARMF In WARMF first import the watershed delineation as indicated in Section 5 and check for correctness If the lake areas were masked out prior to delineation it will be necessary to add the attributes to any catchments which were modified manually If lake areas were masked out after delineation this step
71. nu A dialog will popup showing all of the air quality stations created for this project Figure 7 8 Using the same procedure discussed above in meteorological data section WARMF automatically assigns an air and rain chemistry station to each catchment and reservoir based on distance No adjustment factors are applied to the data Import Data Files m Highlight files to be imported Figure 7 8 Import Air Quality File 7 3 Observed Hydrology 7 3 1 Data sources The observed hydrology data used for hydrology calibration in WARMF are typically the USGS daily stream flow data some watersheds additional flow records are available from various stakeholders USGS flow data is available from two sources 53 1 BASINS 3 1 provides data download tool to download the stream flow data automatically for each HUC see Section 2 2 6 Select BASINS Data Download USGS Daily Streamflow from the BASINS main menu 2 USGS flow data can also be obtained directly from the USGS at no cost via the following website http waterdata usgs gov nwis sw 7 3 2 Importing data into WARMF WARMF provides a tool to easily import USGS stream flow data For this example we used BASINS 3 1 data download tool to download the stream flow data for all the USGS gaging stations within the Brier Creek watershed i e USGS 02197520 02197550 02197600 02197830 02198000 and 02198100 and imported them into WARMF 1 Copy the stream flow fi
72. og will popup showing all of the meteorology stations created for this project Figure 7 5 Select which stations from the list you would like to import for this example only one data station was created and click OK Then every catchment and reservoir is assigned a meteorology station used to drive the simulation 48 Import Data Files Highlight Files to imported 4uguetabush Figure 7 5 Import Data Files dialog To translate conditions at the meteorology station to the catchments and reservoirs a precipitation weighting factor and temperature lapse are used The weighting factor is a multiplier applied to the precipitation from the assigned station and the temperature lapse shifts the station s temperature downward WARMF uses a simple method to automatically calculate the precipitation weighting factor Wp and temperature lapse T for each catchment and reservoir For a catchment reservoir WARMF first calculates the center of its extents and then uses its coordinates to assign it the nearest meteorological station A It then calculates Wp and T according to Equations 7 2 and 7 3 gt T D STD P Ds 7 2 7 3 49 where is temperature lapse is the average temperature at the assigned station and n is the number of meteorological stations including the assigned station and neighboring stations D is the distance from station n to the center of
73. oliform bacteria biochemical oxygen demand BOD dissolved oxygen DO nutrients phosphorus and nitrogen species chlorophyll and others Formulations of WARMF have been documented and updated Chen et al 2001 Several publications have documented the decision support capabilities of WARMF Chen et al 1997 Chen et al 1999 Chen et al 2000 Weintraub et al 2001 Herr et al 2002 The model has been peer reviewed by independent experts Keller 2000 and 2001 The Engineering module of WARMF contains a dynamic watershed simulation model that calculates daily surface runoff ground water flow non point source loads hydrology and water quality of river segments and stratified reservoirs In WARMF a watershed is divided into a network of land catchments river segments and reservoir layers Land catchments are further divided into land surface and soil layers These watershed compartments are seamlessly connected for hydrologic and water quality simulations The land surface is characterized by its land uses and cover which may include forested areas agriculture lands or urbanized cities Daily precipitation which includes rain and snow is deposited on the land catchments WARMF performs daily simulations of snow and soil hydrology to calculate surface runoff and groundwater accretion to river segments The water is then routed from one river segment to the next downstream river segment until it reaches the terminus of the watershed The
74. place existing septic system population by leaving the checkmark checked or uncheck it to only add data in the catchments where the data field is zero Click OK and the septic systems data will be imported as catchment input You must also enter additional septic system data in the catchment input dialogs 96 for each treatment type discharge layer and in the system coefficients dialog flow per capita per day septic system discharge quality The help menu in the systems coefficient dialog provides some guidance on typical values for various types of septic Systems 100 Appendix D Correcting Delineation Problems When delineating a watershed in BASINS 3 1 using the available DEM data and NHD stream network data problems may arise due to data quality The following section discusses a few suggestions on how to correct such problems D 1 Rough edges at watershed boundaries After delineating a watershed the outer edges of the catchments may appear rough and not extend to the full masking area Figure D 1 This may be partly due to stream lines hanging over the mask boundary Editing the NHD stream coverage prior to delineation will correct at least some of the rough watershed areas With the NHD theme active select Theme Start Editing Then with the river segment to be edited selected click on the right mouse button and select Shape Properties Figure D 2 Use the editing tool to either delete or move points that lie outside or near
75. ppropriate field that represents the land use code e g LUCODE Keep other rows unchanged as None Selected Click OK and a new window Figure 6 3 will pop up For each Code defined in the original shapefile users should input an appropriate Land Uses number from the list on the right side A suggested match for Brier Creek watershed is provided in Table 6 3 The numbers to enter in the spreadsheet are italicized and highlighted in red 39 Match land uses Match the land use code to the Deciduous existing land use number Coniferous Mixed Forest iced Cropland Paste Confined Feed Rangeland Forested Figure 6 3 Match Land Uses Dialog Table 6 3 Matching Land Use Codes in WARMF Input Dialog WARMF Land Use Undefined Residential Commercial Industrial Commercial Industrial After clicking OK the polygons of a land use shapefile are overlayed with the WARMF catchment boundaries to determine the fraction of each land use in each catchment Depending on the size of the shapefile and watershed it may take from a few seconds to an hour or so to complete 40 Once finished all catchments should contain the land use information To view the information double click on a catchment and go to the Land Uses tab Figure 6 4 It is recommended to do a Scenario Save after this step to retain all changes Subcatchment 1 Point Sources Pumping septic Sys Reactions soll Layers Min
76. pts file and unspecified constituents will have ambient concentrations See WARMF s technical documentation for more details 7 9 Soils Data The National Resources Conservation Service NRCS has soils databases including soil erosivity depth to soil horizons and depth to bedrock This data is not in a format amenable for automatic importation into WARMF It may be useful during model calibrations to set each catchment s erosivity the number of soil layers and the thickness of each soil layer for individual catchments by hand 67 8 WARMF Simulations After completing all of the setup and data import steps outlined in the previous sections the WARMF application is ready for preliminary simulations Additional data such as soils site specific rate coefficients surveyed channel bathymetry septic system locations best management practices land application fertilizer diversion irrigation activity may be imported if available Please refer to the WARMF Technical Documentation and User s Guide for more information on model coefficients and running simulations 8 1 Run a Simulation To start a simulation in the WARMF Engineering module select Scenario Run from the main menu Then the simulation control dialog will pop up Figure 8 1 The first item is the beginning and ending simulation dates To change a date use the up and down arrows to change the value The day month or year can also be entered directly with the ke
77. r will enter and exit the lake Figure B 13 It may be helpful to have the lakes layer turned on in BASINS 3 1 during the delineation When the delineation is complete the next step is to make a union of the lake Shapefile with the subbasins shapefile created by BASINS 3 1 Figure B 14 Either the XTools extension or the ArcView Geoprocessing Wizard may be used to union the themes BASINS 3 0 BEE Ed hem nir gulee Grantees Deiren eb 87 E FII ITI b Sese TITTEN MASETS D X 4 Ossa y Living aieen d ul E ded ralactrhp yi Subbarims i 4a Ukar fubbaria 1 eam Maris 0 22 xA eae 22 ANT Es East A 4125 Saaieart 152 5 357 2 Faris 167 203 8 Sagiyesart 202 237 5 Wank 247 5 192 Haerfieeart 292 5 33277 8 N D ata M 1 Watershed 21 0 Remeret theans Wami Ja d Av Steam Subbasee 104 25g c Catateging Bound aret c Mm al Figure B 12 Initial delineation in BASINS with outlet points where river enters a
78. ren Land Tundra Perennial Snow or Ice L_auguga shp Urban or Built up Land Agricultural Land 33 Rangeland Forest Land Wi ater Wetland Barren Land Tundra Perennial Snow or Ice L_savaga shp Sj Urban or Built up Land Agricultural Land 33 Rangeland E Forest Land Wi ater Wetland Barren Land Tundra Perennial Snow or Ice Figure 2 7 EPA GIRAS LULC Data for Brier Creek Watershed If multiple GIRAS land use themes are needed to cover the watershed it is recommended to merge them into a single shapefile before importing into WARMF This can be done using the Geoprocessing Wizard extension Under File Extensions make sure the Geoprocessing extension is selected If you do not find this as one of the possible extensions then you must copy this extension file geoproc avx into ArcView s extension s directory For a typical ArcView 3 x setup you should CODy the geoproc avx file found in the C ESRI AV_gis30 ArcView samples ext to C ESRI AV_ gis30 ArcView Ext32 directory From the main menu select View Geoprocessing Wizard and a new dialog will appear Figure 2 8 Select Merge Themes Together and click on Next In item 1 select the multiple land use themes to be merged and which shape file to use fields from Specify an output file name e g landuseall shp and location and click Finish After the m
79. rierCreek landuse 25 5 Create WARMF Project After generating the BASINS 3 1 delineation files and converting them to decimal degrees a WARMF project can be created The following steps will guide you through importing files into WARMF If the watershed contains one or more lakes or reservoirs additional modification of the subbasins shape file is required before import see Appendix B 5 1 Install WARMF WARMF requires an IBM PC compatible system at a minimum a Pentium processor and 64 MB of WARMEF will run on the following Windows platforms 98 NT 2000 ME or XP A computer with a faster processor and additional RAM will provide better performance To install WARMF l Insert the CD into the CD ROM drive 2 From Windows Explorer go to the CD ROM drive and double click Setup exe 3 The setup program will guide you through the installation process By default the program will install WARMF the C Program Files Systech WARME directory 4 Run WARMF by selecting Start 2Programs 2WARMF 5 Select the WARMF icon from the WARMF Program Group 5 2 Create Project Directory When the initial window for WARMF is showing open a WARMF watershed project by clicking File New A blank window will appear Select File Import Watershed Create Project Directory Navigate to the desired root directory e g c program files systech warmf enter the name of a new project directory e g BrierCreek and click S
80. rs can be turned on during the BASINS 3 1 delineation step and additional outlet points can be placed at key sampling locations In this example we added several USGS gaging stations as additional outlets After adding and removing desired outlet points click on the Select tool in the Main Watershed Outlet s section of the Watershed Delineation dialog Select all of the outlets within the watershed by drawing a box around them with the pointer Click OK in the small Main Watershed Outlet s dialog that popped up A dialog will pop up showing how many outlets have been selected If satisfied with the number of outlets click Yes If not click No and add or remove outlet points Click Apply under Calculation of subbasin parameters in the Main watershed outlet s section of the dialog This step may take several minutes When complete click OK and the subwatershed delineation should look similar to Figure 3 2 Be sure to select Save Project under the File menu 20 2 BASINS 3 1 File Edit View Theme Analysis Surface Graphics Data Assess Delineate Reports Utilities Models Window Help Ia SE HA 0 Z BASINS View Watershed al Digitized streams USGS Gage Stations Mask EH Focused Area Dem 15 L 135 53 54 73 L 74 92 193 111 112 131 132 150 151 169 Eg 170 189 030601080 03060108N HD _ Permit Compliance System
81. rshed the user must assign the receiving river segment or reservoir manually for each identify the location of the point source on the WARMF map latitude longitude discharger at this time From the Engineering Module 65 coordinates are displayed in the lower right corner of the WARMF main window Double click on the appropriate river segment or reservoir and select the Point Sources tab Click on Add and navigate to the desired location for the point source data file Figure 7 19 Note the targeted receiving river segment is highlighted in yellow in Figure 7 19 Sediment Initial Conc Adsorption Observed Data CE QUAL W Physical Data Stage Vvidth Diversions Point sources Reactions GA0020S74 PTS Remove temperature and total loading Water source Unspecified Constituents gt Internal far External gt Ambient NPDES Permit 0020974 Apply Changes To Selected Apply Changes To All Write Output To File Figure 7 19 Assigning a Point Source data file to a River Segment 4 By default the point source will be set to External Water Source and Unspecified Constituents with Zero concentration The setting for Internal Water Source is generally used for cooling water point sources where water is removed the temperature is raised and then the water is returned to the stream or reservoir In this case a delta T instead 66 measured temperature is specified in the
82. rting land use data While adding new categories it is required to input all parameter values associated with the new land use See WARMF s User s Guide for details Note that the numbering of the list shown in Table 6 1 will change as land uses are added or deleted 4i Watershed Analysis Risk Management Framework BrierCreek WSM SE 218 System Coefficients E3 Septic Sys Minerals Sediment Phytoplankton Periphyton Food Web Parameters Physical Data Land Uses Snow lce Heat Light Canopy Litter Reactions Parameter Open in Winter Edit List 0 8 0 0 Corned Feedra gt 0 9 Cropland Pasture 0 8 Confined Feeding 0 8 en 3 Move Down 0 8 Remove Forested Wetland 0 8 Non forested Vetland 0 8 0 8 0 8 0 8 lt Fills System 10 81 6691 33 312 NUM Figure 6 1 Edit Land Use List Dialog 38 Once land use categories are set the next step is to import the land use shape Go to File Import Land Use and select the land use shapefile C BrierCreek lu_ dd A window Figure 6 2 will pop up Shape File Fields Match the GIS shape Fields with the appropriate model coefficients AREA None Selected PERIMETER None Selected L ATHEGA None Selected ATHEGA None Selected LUCODE Land Use Code LEVEL Mone Selected Figure 6 2 WARMF Land Use Import Dialog Select Land Use Code for the a
83. t Compliance System PCS PCS data is available from two sources 1 BASINS 3 1 provides a data download tool to download PCS data automatically for each HUC see Section 2 2 6 Select BASI 5 Data Download PCS discharge point sources PCS can be downloaded directly from the following website http www epa gov enviro html pcs adhoc html More detailed discharge monitoring report DMR data may be available directly from regulatory agencies or stakeholder groups The Permit Compliance System theme in BASINS 3 1 was used to identify the NPDES stations within the Brier Creek Watershed i e 0002542 GA0020231 GA0020893 0020974 GA0021857 GA0047309 and GA 0048101 1 A search on the PCS website showed that only station 540020974 contains data This data was downloaded and processed in a spreadsheet WARMF accepts flow m s temperature C and constituent loading kg day records Data must be converted to appropriate units prior to import The frequency of point source data records can vary and does not need to be specified at equal time intervals The model uses a step function approach in which the discharge values at one time remain the same until the values for the next time become available If a yearly value is provided in the input file the model will discharge the same amount every day for that year If monthly values are provided the model will change the daily discharge month by month Like
84. t SR 17 Thomson Latitude 33 3674 Longitude 82 467 am re a NE ol mg l P TE DA mg l Coliform Sospenies 6 68 21GAEPD 5 88 21GAEPD 5 99 21GAEPD 7 12 21GAEPD 7 19 21GAEPD 7 12 7 07 7 19 7 16 5 86 12 02 1997 6 55 21GAEPD 21GAEPD 21GAEPD 21GAEPD 21GAEPD 21GAEPD Figure 7 14 Observed Water Quality file WARMF 59 6 When observed water quality files have been created for all stations the function File Import Water Quality Stations in the Engineering Module can be used to import the files A dialog will pop up showing all the observed hydrology files created for the project Figure 7 15 Based on latitude and longitude coordinates specified in the data file the observed water quality files are assigned to the river segment or reservoir at the station s coordinates If there is no match the station is left unassigned and must be set manually Import Data Files m z EJ Highlight tiles to be imported BCMillHaven ORC BCSRTr RE BrushuCkSRSDO DORC Figure 7 15 Import Observed Water Quality Files 7 To view the water quality stations in WARMF select View Water Quality Stations from the main menu and the gaging stations are shown in white dots Double clicking on a white dot will open the file from within the Data Module 7 5 Managed Flow 7 5 1 Data sources Managed flow data in WARMF includes water diversions and reservoir re
85. ter the delineation step the resulting shape files need to be un projected back into decimal degrees for importing into WARMF Section 4 Therefore it is important to make note of the projection that was selected during the BASINS 3 1 project setup 2 2 Data Download 2 2 1 Default Data Default data included in a new BASINS 3 1 project includes e A V1 Reach File e Boundaries for EPA Regions States Counties Accounting Units and Cataloging Units e Station location coverages for point sources permit compliance system water quality stations bacteria stations USGS gage stations and WDM Weather Stations e State Soil Coverage e and Use Index Coverage Figure 2 2 shows the Brier Creek Watershed BASINS project with several default data coverages selected 4 BASINS 3 1 File Edit View Theme mal m Surface Graphics Data Assess Delineate Beet Utilities Models Window Help Fl D E 4 Scale 1 1 955 533 _ Permit Compliance System Y Water Quality Stations L Bacteria Stations USGS Gage Stations Water Quality Observation Stati m Reach File V1 WDM Weather Data Stations Cataloging Unit Boundaries Accounting Unit Boundaries County Names County Boundaries State Boundaries EPA Region Boundaries State Soil _ Land Use Index Origin 18 376 78 177 060 01 m Extent 230 38 191 93 mi Area 44 218 73 sq mi Figure 2 2 Default BASINS 3 1 project d
86. that any subwatersheds can be turned off 68 to save time by unselecting subwatersheds from the list To see the subwatershed boundaries select Subwatersheds from the View menu Please read the Section 5 6 for more details WARMF provides an autocalibrator for hydrologic simulation There is no autocalibrator for water quality simulation Hydrology Autocalibration can be activated by clicking on the check box This dialog only allows the users to specify the number of loops to iterate For the autocalibrator to work the user must have already set the autocalibration coefficients under the Edit Autocalibration Coefficients menu item The users can select which regions of the watershed and which variables to adjust during the autocalibration Another option is Generate Loading Data f this option is selected point and nonpoint loading for each constituent are calculated for display in GIS maps If this option is not selected WARMF will still simulate hydrology and water quality for each catchment river and reservoir An additional feature of WARMF Warm Start allows the user to run a set of simulations in succession with linked initial conditions For example to account for future growth in the TMDL process WARMF can run under one land use scenario for a few years i e scenario A and then run under a new projected land use for a few years i e scenario B This is possible with the Warm Start option For scenario WARMF s
87. the catchment or reservoir Wp is the precipitation weighting factor P is the average precipitation at station n and Py is the average precipitation at the assigned station To view the meteorological data station assigned and the associated weighting factors double click on a catchment while in input mode and select the Meteorology tab 7 2 Air Quality data 7 2 1 Data sources The air quality data required by WARMF are the concentrations weekly or monthly of main constituents in rain water in mg L and in the air in As stated in Table 7 1 these data are generally available from the following sources 1 USEPA Clean Air Status and Trends Network CASTNET measures the dry deposition of particles at 55 site locations mostly in the Eastern United States http www epa gov castnet data html 2 The National Atmospheric Deposition Program NADP collects data for over 200 sites in the United States Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands The data includes wet deposition concentrations http nadp sws uiuc edu For this example we downloaded data from both sources 1 From the CASTNET website we downloaded two files drychem xls and velwk xls which contain weekly measurements of concentrations in the air for all the 55 monitoring locations We then extracted records for the active station in GA GAS153 from these files Concentrations of base cations i e Calcium Magnesium Potassium and Sodium and Chlori
88. the edge of the mask area Figure D 3 When finished select Theme Stop Editing and be sure to save edits Then repeat the watershed delineation step to look for improvement Mx De Ed yew Gites Das Window mns gt lt gagno Hng 1 Paar Ts com emo ABS Tre eee SRRGTAEUHIAG E CRW ooo m USS doo Fami Came lance Syriam 7 Figure D 1 Rough watershed edge in delineation 101 ASIHS 3 0 Yew here feet Gaie Daa Hein ew Ego A ee Le 4 hamr 107 FN wi ovs Linking rire am added Dal greatly added hamr y Subharis Wananrha WW Wariga asp mm _ Compliance Syriam E T Deer the pr perses window fr editing veris j BOUES g Hs H Figure D 2 Edit shape properties function BASINS De Ed yew uisce Window Hep mj me tA AAAS a A e a IC T BIE 21 Subbarin 107 E a 21 10739 0 Linking sheen added Oui added Outiet ma c sesso ib Sfubbas es a 21 Watershed Waimtrgirtatioog steams IV
89. tive select the Streams theme and click the click the Projector button You will be prompted by a series of menus 2 First enter the current projection of the shapefile This is the projection you selected when setting up your BASINS 3 1 project 3 Next enter the output projection information and decimal degrees should be selected 4 When asked whether to recalculate area perimeter and length fields using decimal degrees select No to maintain the data needed for WARME input 5 Add the shape file to a New View and then give the new shapefile a name e g streams dd ArcView will now create a new shapefile in the new projection The name of the new view can be edited under View Properties 24 6 Repeat the above procedure for the Subbasins theme and the preferred land use theme and save the new themes e g as subbasins dd and landuseall dd 4 2 Exporting BASI NS Themes The three key shapefiles needed for import into WARMF are the subbasins dd streams dd and landuseall dd themes To keep things organized it may be useful to save these themes to a folder that can be easily accessed Activate the Subbasins dd theme by clicking its icon in the theme list In Theme menu select Convert to Shapefiles and then specify a folder e g C BrierCreek to store this layer Give this layer a new name e g catchment The Streams dd and landuse layer can be saved in the same way e g C BrierCreek stream and c B
90. tream entity e g catchment with a single click and drag the mouse to draw a line to the downstream entity e g river If successful WARMF will show the Tributary Connections arrows on the map To remove a connection select the red arrow with a single click and select Edit Cut from the main menu See the WARMF User s Manual for more information on manually setting tributary connections Chen et al 2000 33 5 6 Define Subwatersheds In WARMF one or more subwatersheds can be defined to break the watershed into several large groups of catchments Instead of simulating all the catchments at one time WARMF will simulate the watershed group by group i e subwateshed by subwatershed This is desirable for large complex watersheds where calibration may be performed in sections moving from upstream to downstream Initially the entire watershed is considered as one subwatershed To define a subwatershed select View Subwatersheds and all the catchments in the map will turn white To create a subwatershed boundary at a river segment click on that river segment and then click Yes in the pop up window After doing this the watershed will be divided into two subwatersheds from the boundary and the downstream subwatershed will be colored In this example we divided the BrierCreek into 3 subwatersheds as shown in Figure 5 8 Logical locations for subwatershed breakpoints include major gaging or water quality sampling stations The subw
91. u select Detailed Tables Under Geographic Type select Block Group Then select the appropriate State and County Select each census tract one by one and add AII Block Groups to the list below When all the block groups are added select Next and choose table for Sewage Disposal HO24 Then add it to list below and select Show Result Under the Print Download menu item select download and save as a comma delimited file Follow the same procedure for each county in your watershed Open the zip file for each county and name the dt dec 1990 stf3 datal txt file uniquely C 3 Combine GI S Block Data and Septic system Data From within ArcView combine the county Block Group shape files with the septic system tables This can be done by either joining the tables or copying and pasting the septic data into the DBF New columns for Sewer Septic and Other must be added to the Block Data theme table The common field between the data sets will be the block group ID Themes for each county can be merged using either the XTools extension or the ArcView Geoprocessing Wizard C 4 Import data into WARMF This new theme can be imported using the File Import Septic Systems menu item Select the septic systems shape file and then the appropriate field which 99 contains data on the number of septics in each polygon Then you will be prompted to enter the average number of people per septic system 2 5 is a typical value You may either re
92. wise if daily values are provided in the input file the model will change the daily discharge day by day 7 2 2 Importing data into WARMF The time series data file created in Excel was then imported into WARMF 1 Once data available data records are processed point source files can be created for the WARMF project From the Data Module select Point Sources in Type of data list and then File New in the menu When prompted save the file as a point source file e g GAO0020974 pts 64 Specify the discharger name and latitude and longitude The users might want to refer to the attribute table of the Permit Compliance System coverage pcs3 shp in the BASINS project for a description and latitude and longitude of the station Add columns and rows to the file using the Edit Columns and Add Copy ctrl C and paste ctrl V the processed data from the spreadsheet into the WARMF file The date Blank Rows to End of File functions records must have a format of mm dd yyyy Also although the data records do not have to have a uniform frequency there must not be any empty records in the file Therefore fill in any data gaps with estimated values The resulting point source file is shown in Figure 7 18 L Data Module File Edit Module aada Help Type of data Point Sources LI E Graph Add Blank Rows to End of File Table Insert or Delete Rows 8 0020974 5 L5 Select Rows or Ctrl Del Name T
93. wnload one parameter at a time The parameters download from this site included A Maximum Temperature C B Minimum Temperature C D Precipitation cm F Mean Dew Point C H Mean Station Pressure mbar Mean Wind Speed m s Data was processed in an Excel spreadsheet and units were converted to those parameters listed in Step 2 Cloud cover was unavailable for this station so it was calculated using the following approach dT Ass Ta Tar 7 1 AND IF Precip 0 THEN IF dT lt 4 THEN Cloud 0 6 ELSE IF dT lt 6 THEN Cloud 0 3 ELSE Cloud 0 ELSE IF Precip gt 2 THEN Cloud 1 ELSE IF Precip gt 1 THEN Cloud 0 9 ELSE Cloud 0 8 ENDIF Where Tmn minimum Temperature C Tmax maximum Temperature C Tage dewpoint temperature C Precip precipitation cm and Cloud cloud cover unitless fraction 45 7 1 2 Importing data into WARMF The time series data file created in Excel was then imported into WARMF 1 From the Data Module first select the file type in this case meteorology from the Type of Data list and then select File New from the menu WARMF will create a blank meteorology file Then name the file and save it with the appropriate extension e g AugustaBush met Switch the file from Graph mode into Table mode Figure 7 2 Data Module TAR Fie Edit Module Help Type of data M eteorology Graph Add Blank Rows to End of File File name
94. y records Note the WDM data in BASINS are generally available only through 1996 and for major airport stations 2 Free data for major airports from NCDC which contain daily records of precipitation min max temperature wind speed dew point temperature cloud cover and air pressure http www ncdc noaa gov oa climate onlineprod drought xmgr html 3 For better hydrology simulations it is recommended to purchase NCDC cooperative station data min max temp precipitation only for higher density of stations and more complete and current data records and use the airport data to fill out the missing records e g wind pressure etc Prices range from 20 hundreds of dollars depending number of stations and period of record http cdo ncdc noaa gov CDO mapproduct map based download http cdo ncdc noaa gov CDO dataproduct regular download For this example we download the meteorological data for a NCDC station using data source 2 1 From the hyperlink in data source 2 click on Global Summary of the Day Agree to the conditions and select Display One Parameter For a Specified Time Frame Click on the United States and then select Georgia from the list of states 2 For Brier Creek Watershed download data for Augusta Bush Field Station WMO 722180 for the record period of 1994 to 2004 from the NCDC Website Note that the website requires that the data be downloaded in 8 44 year blocks Data must also be do
95. yboard The simulation time period should encompass a time period with good data record WARME will restrict the acceptable time period based on available records for meteorology air quality and managed flow In this example we specify the simulation time period to be from 10 1 1994 to 10 1 1999 The second item is the time step in hours The default time step is 24 hours or daily To change the time step click in the box and enter a new number Please note that the program will expect meteorology and reservoir release data for each time step In the next section of the dialog the simulation components e g water quality point source can be specified Hydrology is always simulated but water quality constituents are optional Optional items may be turned on and off by toggling with the mouse on the check box Simulations of hydrology alone run very fast Simulations for the complete suite of water quality may take five times as long The sediment pesticides fertilizers and point sources options do not have a large impact on simulation time They should be checked if input data is available Under Subwatersheds the regions of the river basin to include in the simulation are set It is not required to simulate the entire watershed every time However the entire watershed must be simulated at least once for WARMF to generate the boundary conditions between regions WARMF will automatically save the results for the interface points After

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