MACSbug 68000 DEBUGGER USER`S GUIDE
Contents
1. parameters on the comand line COMMAND FORMAT DESCRIPTION CALL address JSR to user subroutine routine must end with RTS EXAMPLE COMMENTS CALL 3000 23 45 22 JSR to user routine at location 3000 note that 23 45 amp ZZ may be additional parameters that the user s subroutine will decode and are ignored by MACSbug SY FIXUP 2300 Define a symbol as absolute address 2300 CALL FIXUP JSR to symbolic address 1 6 14 Transparent Mode and Host Communication TRANSPARENT COMMAND FORMAT DESCRIPTION P2 char Enter transparent mode The optional user defined exit character char defaults to control A 01 This command logically connects port 2 host and port 1 console Host transmissions go directly to the console and console transmissions go directly to the host The BAUD rates on the two ports may be the same or port 2 may be less control A Default character to end the transparent mode alternate character may be defined in P2 command data Asterisk as the first character of the console input buffer means transmit the rest of the buffer to the host PORT 2 the BAUD rates of the two ports 1 and 2 do not have to be the same EXAMPLES COMMENTS MACSBUG 2 0 Start up or reset condition p2 Command to enter transparent mode TRANSPARENT EXIT 01 MACSbug prints this the EXIT 01 means to exit this mode enter control A User talks direct to the host uses the editor assembler etc CONTROL A Ends the transp2. 450 FORMAT DS B 36 TRACE DISPLAY FORMATS 474 ADALL DS L 1 SPECIAL FORMAT FLAGS 478 WINDOWS DS B8 8 WINDOW PARAMETERS 4B8 LOOPR1 DS L LOW RANGE FOR LOOP FEATURE 4BC LOOPR2 DS L HIGH RANGE FOR LOOP FEATURE 4C0 BPADD DS L BREAKPOINT ADDRESSES 4EO BPTILL DS L TEMPORARY BREAKPOINT 4E4 BPCNT DS L BREAKPOINT COUNTS 508 BPDATA DS W HOLD USER WORDS REPLACED BY TRAP IN SET S51A SAVETRAP DS L 51E NULLPADS DS B HOLDS USER S TRAP 15 VECTOR CHARACTER NULL PADS 520 CRPADS DS B CARRIAGE RETURN NULL PADS 522 SBIT DS B STOP BITS ACIA PROGRAM 524 OUTTO DS B HOLDS ADDRESS OF OUTPUT ROUTINE 528 INFROM DS B HOLDS ADDRESS OF INPUT ROUTINE 52C ALTACIAL DS L 530 ALTACIA2 DS L 534 INPORTL DS L 538 OUTPORT1 DS L 53C INPORT2 DS L 540 OUTPORT2 DS L 544 INPORT3 DS L 548 OUTPORT3 DS L 54C TRACECNT DS L 550 TRACEON DS W 552 RUN DS W 554 BPSTATUS DS W 556 SCREEN1 DS L 55A SCREEN2 DS L ALTERNATE ACIA PORT 1 ALTERNATE ACIA PORT 2 INPUT ROUTINE ADDRESS ADDRESS FOR OUTPUT ROUTINE ADDRESS FOR INPUT ROUTINE FOR OUTPUT ROUTINE PORT 3 INPUT ROUTINE PORT 3 OUTPUT ROUTINE TRACE COUNTER FLAG FOR TRACE ON 1 SAVE USER REGISTERS 0 NOT 1 BP ARE IN 0 ARE OUT OF MEMORY PRINT THIS BEFORE TRACE DISPLAY PRINT THIS AFTER 55E BASE DS B WORK VARIABLE 560 SIGN DS B WORK VARIABLE 562 VECTOR DS B WORK VARIALBE 564 TEMP DS B WORK SPACE 568 WORK1 DS L WORK SPACE 56C WORK2 DS L WORK SPACE 570 STRSYM DS L START OF SYMBOL TABLF 574 ENDSYM DS
3. DESCRIPTION OFfset Display offset OFfset hex value Set the offset to a given value OFfset 0 Set the offset to zero begin absolute addressing command data alternate command data command data O0R Data is absolute no offset added Used in commands that do not normally use offset adds offset to data The offset affects the following commands Disregard offset add alternate offset to data TD reg R Trace display substract offset from register value BReakpoint Set breakpoint display is in absolute Go All addresses SM All addresses DM All addresses display is in absolute REad All addresses EXAMPLE COMMENTS PC 2010 Set the program counter TD PC R Set trace display R means nex long word minus offset TD Display PC 2010R Displayed relative to offset zero now OP 2000 Set the offset ot 2000 TD Display PC 10R PC offset 2010 2000 10 Relative BR 6 Set a breakpoint hex data offset 6 2000 2006 BR Display breakpoint BRKPTS 2006 Breakpoints are always displayed as absolute hex BR 24 3000 BR BRKPTS 2006 3024 Set a breakpoint with alternate offset 24 3000 1 6 11 Number Base Conversion COMMAND FORMAT CV decimal or amp decimal CV Shex CV symbol CV value offset NUMBER CONVERSION DESCRIPTION Decimal to hex conversion Hex to decimal conversion Use value from symbol table Calculate offset or displacement NOTE This command DOES NOT automatically use the global offset The default
4. PORT 1 The REad and VErify commands however default to PORT 2 INPORT2 and OUTPORT2 are defaulted to port 2 which is the host system an EXORciser or timesharing system etc Output or input is directed to this port by including a port specifier in the command field of the command line For example RE2 C The 2 in the command RE2 specifies that the addresses for the I O routines will be found in the RAM locations INPUT2 and OUTPUT2 Error messages however will be printed on PORT 1 MACSbug s console INPORT3 and OUTPORT3 are inititalized to the same routine addresses as PORT 1 when the system is booted The user can insert the addresses of his own I O routines into these locations I O can then be directed to his configuration by using a 3 in the command field EXAMPLES COMMENTS READ3 C Memory load from port 3 checksum ignored VERIFY1 Verify memory with S records coming in from PORT 1 DM2 50 80 Display memory sending output to PORT 2 The BAUD rates of the two RS 232C serial ports can be changed by setting memory locations 06BA and 06BC ADDRESS PORT VALUE SO6BA 1 1X 06BC 2 1X The Hex digit X can be set to select various BAUD rates as shown below x 6 7 8 A C E F BAUD RATE 300 600 1200 2400 4800 9600 19200 EXAMPLES COMMENTS SM 6BA 16 Set BAUD rate to 300 for port 1 SM 6BC 1F Set BAUD rate to 19200 for port 2 1 9 USER I O THROUGH TRAP 15 Format in user program FUNCTION e UY NAO TRAP 15 Ca
5. a given window Define a window size and effective address is the window number 0 to 7 len is the length in bytes l byte 2 word 3 3 bytes 4 long word O close a window undefine it EA is Effective Addressing mode see EA SYNTAX EXAMPLES in table below Pseudo registers have same syntax as registers DESCRIPTION Absolute address in hex Address register indirect in hex Indirect with displacement in hex Indirect with index and displacement in hex Program counter with displacement in hex Program counter with index and displacement in hex COMMENTS Define a window Enter a value for the address register indirect Print the effective address of a window Set memory through the window Command to print memory through the window Display a line of memory 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 SB c Clear all registers from the trace display Define some registers for the display Command to print the trace display NOTE W3 4 and M3 1 only lowest byte displayed Change width of window Change width of display Define a new window PC A6 10 Print effective address of window WO Close window W3 undefine it Closed undefined windows are not in the display a and Breakpoints COMMAND FORMAT Go Go address Go TILL address BR BR address BR address BR address count BR CLEAR EXAMPLES GO BREAKPOINT DESCRIPTION Begin execution at address in PC register Begin execution at this address Set a temporary breakpoi
6. breakpoint Define a symbol Set a breakpoint at a symbolic address 44 55 66 Try to overflow table holds 8 TABLE FULL BRKPTS E08 E00 E0A 5 123456 7897 11 22 33 44 L 6 7 Set the Trace Display Format Individual Registers TRACE DISPLAY COMMAND FORMAT DESCRIPTION TD Print the trace display TD Clear Take everything out of the display TD ALI Put all registers in display see section 3 6 8 TD regt format Add or delete registers in display where reg is DO D7 A0 A7 WO W7 MO M7 PC SR NS SS A D or L see the next section Format can be 0 1 2 3 4 2 D R or S 1 2 3 EXAMPLES PC 0 D1 5 A6 8F TD CLEAR TD PC 3 D1 1 TD PC 000000 D1 05 TD PC 0 A6 TD Dl 05 A6 0000008F W3 2 92000 M3 20 TD M3 2 TD A D1 05 A6 0000008F M3 0020 TD A6 1 D1 3 M3 2 TD D1 000005 A6 8F M3 20 TD D1 R M3 D OFFSET 12345 TD Dl 12340R A6 8F M3 32 SY TABLE 8F TD A6 S M3 0 TD Dl1 12340R A6 TABLE A6 123 TD Dl 12340R A6 00000123 O remove the item from the display 4 print this number of bytes as hex characters include all leading zeros Zesigned long word hex with zero suppress D signed long word decimal with zero suppress R subtract offset see OFfset command then print with Z format with letter R at end S search symbol table for 4 byte value if found print symbol name as 8 characters if not found print hex value as 8 characters COMMENTS Initialize registers for example be
7. symbol not in table when not T IS NOT A HEX DIGIT found it tries to convert parameter to number SY 567 Attempt to print value for symbol not in table 00000567 567 SYNTAX EXAMPLES COMMENTS BR MVP2 Set a symbolic breakpoint CALL RFLAG User define routine PC ABC34 Set a register DM MVP2 10 Display some memory EXAMPLES OF KEY WORDS IN COMMANDS BR CLEAR The word CLEAR is not considered 4 symbol here GO TILL 217 RT5 The word TILL is part of the comm nd T TILL ABC34 The word TILL is part of the command 1 6 5 Displaying and Accessing Memory through Windows WINDOWS A window is an effective address through which the user can see memory the windows are labeled WO to W7 and are defined using the syntax listed below which use the same syntax as registers The windows address corresponding memory locations labeled M0 to M7 These memory locations can be examined set or defined in the display the same as a register COMMAND FORMAT Wi W len EA M data or ASCIT EA SYNTAX EXAMPLES FE8 A6 100 A6 10 A6 D2 100 10 D4 EXAMPLES W3 4 A6 A6 92000 W3 W3 4 A6 92000 M3 87342 M3 M3 00087342 DM 92000 092000 00 08 73 42 00 00 TD CLEAR TD PC 2 A6 3 M3 1 TD PC 00A2 A6 092000 M3 42 W3 2 A6 TD M3 2 TD PC 00A2 A6 092000 M3 0008 W0 1 10 A6 wO W0 1 10 A6 920B2 W3 0 TD PC 00A2 A6 092000 DESCRIPTION Print the effective address of
8. value Set status register to zero user mode Set address register same as US now Display user stack pointer Set supervisor stack pointer Set status register to supervisor mode Print A7 which is now the SS register Initialize system stack pointer value from MACSbug 1 6 2 Display and Set Memory COMMAND FORMAT DM start end DM start count DM2 start end SM address data SM address ASCII SM address data N EXAMPLES SM 92000 ABC SM 92003 4445 46 DM 92000 92010 q 0092000 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 00 0092010 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 DM 92003 12 0092003 44 45 46 47 00 00 00 00 0092013 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 MEMORY DISPLAY DESCRIPTION Display Memory in hex and ASCII where start lt end Where start gt count Send output to PORT 2 Set Memory to hex Set Memory to ASCII The N as the last character means start a new line the system will prompt with the current address COMMENTS Set memory to some ASCII data Set some more locations Command to dump memory 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ABCDEFG 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 coooooo o o o In the following usage of the DM command the second number is smaller than the first so it is decoded as a count 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 DEFG 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 SM 9100N 1 7 2 456 7890 ABCDE 12345678 Size can be up to 8 characters DM 91000 091000 01 23 04 56 78 90 OA BC DE 12 34 56 78 00 00 O0 ccooooooo o SM 91000 TABLE 000
9. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 008 00000000 47 DATA L 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 48 00000000 49 END START BUFFER 00001C START 000000 1 10 GENERAL INFORMATION TRAP ERROR is the general message given when an unexpected trap occurs Nearly all of the low vectors including the user traps interrupts divide by zero etc are initialized during booting to point to this simple error routine No attempt is made to decipher which trap happened but the user s registers are saved The system usually retrieves the right program counter from the supervisor stack but some exception traps push additional informa tion on to the stack and the system will get the program counter from the wrong place It is recommended that the user s program reinitialize all unused vectors to his own error handler The REad command may have problems in some configurations No attempt is made to control the equipment sending the information When the system recognizes the end of a line it must process the buffer fast enough to be able to capture the first character of the next line Normally the system can download from an EXORciser at 9600 baud If the system is having problems it might be worthwhile to experiment with lower BAUD rates The REad routine DOES NOT protect any memory locations The routine will not protect itself from programs trying to overlay the I O buffer This will of course lead to errors during the download Any location in memory can be loaded in
10. 05678 N Use of the N parameter to start a new line 0009100C START 00023 456 DM 91000 20 091000 54 41 42 4c 45 20 20 20 00 00 56 78 53 54 41 52 TABLE VxSTAR 091010 54 20 20 20 00 02 34 56 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 T 4V OFFSET 2030 Global offset will be added to DM 91000 command parameters 093030 FF PF FF FP FF FF FF FF FF FP FF FF FF FP FF FF SM 91005 1234 N 00093037 AB DM 91900 093030 FF FF FP FF FF 12 34 AB FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF SM 20000 AB CD EF ERROR ro e on n e r Global offset added to address 91005 coro ncnrcs Trying to set ROM Error message 1 6 3 Open Memory for COMMAND FORMAT OPen address SUBCOMMAND FORMAT CR a EXAMPLES ADDRESS OP E00 000E00 000E01 000E02 000E01 000E00 000E00 000E00 OP 21234 021234 NO CHANGE 021234 OP E00 000E00 00 W W IS NOT A HEX CONTENT FF AB 44 AB 12 77 77 FF FP DIGIT Read Change OPEN MEMORY DESCRIPTION Open memory at specified address and enter subcommand mode Go to next sequential location Go to previous location Stay at same location Return to MACSbug exit the OPen command USER ENTERS COMMENTS Open memory location E00 12 User enters data and system goes to next location CR Carriage return means go to the next location 34 UP arrow means go to previous location gt Can be entered without data 77 Equal sign means stay at s
11. 1110E00700170027003700470054EF80E0049 Data record S9030000FC End of file control A Ends transparent mode MACSBUG Message put out by MACSbug to indicate user is now in MACSbug command mode READ COPY FILE MX C Download from EXORciser host see sec 1 6 12 DM E00 Display memory see sec 1 6 2 000E00 70 01 70 02 70 03 70 04 70 05 4E F8 OE 00 FF FF PC E00 Set program counter to START see sec 1 6 1 TD CLEAR Clear the trace display see sec 1 6 7 TD PC 2D0 1 Specify which registers to print in display TD Print the trace display PC DE00 DO 00 BR E04 Set a breakpoint see sec 1 6 6 T TILL 0 Trace command see sec 1 6 9 PC 0E02 DO 01 PC 0E04 DO0 02 Stopped at breakpoint GO see sec 1 6 6 PC 0E04 DO 02 Stopped at breakpoint Program is ready to run 1 8 I O SPECIFICATIONS Provisions have been made for the user to substitute his own I O routines and direct the I O for some commands to these routines There are three pairs of locations in RAM that hold the addresses of the I O routines See paragraph 1 11 on the equate file of RAM locations used by MACSbug They are initialized when the system is booted to contain the addresses of the default routines in MACSbug ROMs INPORT1 and OUTPORT1 are defaulted to port 1 which is MACSbug s console The MACSbug prompt command entry all error messages and all other unassigned I O use these addresses to find the I O routines Most commands do not need a port specifier to use
12. 20000AD2FC00026000002EE3113400E352F7 S11310300242000BE30D050466000006E25860D48A s1131040E2580840000F60CC4A016A00000A1A1BEE 1131050B0C96700002AE3113 400E3520242000BD6 113106005046600000CE35B08C300006000000890 S1131070E35B08830000E25808C0000F60CA31C374 S10710801FFE4E728B 00600004844521B S20A010000323C00035641ED S9030000FC First two characters Third and fourth characters Fifth through eighth characters Last two characters so si s2 s8 59 Starts of the first record Indicates that the object data that follows will be at a two byte memory address Same byte Same byte Last as Sl but indicates a three memory address as S9 but indicates a three memory address Record Hexadecimal byte count of the remaining characters in the record Hexadecimal memory address where the data that follows is to be loaded If the record is S2 or S8 type the fifth through tenth characters contain the memory address Checksum of all characters from byte count to the end of data
13. F D0 DO0 0000000 45FE D DO 000045FE D1 00000000 D2 00000000 D3 00000000 D4 00FFFFFF DS 00000000 D6 00000000 D7 00000000 D DO0 0009EAB3 D4 00FFFFFF PC PC 0008B3 SR 0 A7 4321 os US 00004321 SS FFC SR 2000 A7 A7 00000FFC y 9EAB3 CR CR CR CR 55555 CR CR VU ed ov og REGISTER DISPLAY DESCRIPTION Data registers Address registers Program counter Status register condition codes Supervisor stack pointer A7 in supervisor mode User stack pointer A7 in user mode DESCRIPTION Put a hex value into register reg Put hex value of ASCII into register reg Print register value and request in new value Print register value Print values of all registers in the class Cycle through all registers in the class printing old value and requesting new value COMMENTS Set address register A5 to hex value 123 Command to print the value of register A5 Computer response Set a data register Command to print old value and take in new value Computer prompts with old value new value entered Command to cycle through all data registers Change value of register DO from 45FE to 9EAB3 Carriage return null line means the value remains the same Change register D5 to a new value Display all data registers D1 00000000 D2 00000000 D3 00000000 DS 00055555 D6 00000000 D7 00000000 2561 Display and request input for program counter Set the program counter to new
14. L END OF SYMBOL TABLE 578 CMDTABLE DS L START OF COMMAND TAB 57C BUFFER DS B 128 WORKING STORAGE BUFF 6A4 DS B 20 ROOM FOR STACK NN 0H PA A ENN NEE PEP RP PEEP EP PEPE PE a e Y N HOOF OPH 6B8 SYSTACK DS B START OF STACK GOES DOWN Appendix A S RECORDS An S record is a standard Motorola record format used in downloading programs and data with MACSbug There are ten possible standard S record types five of which can be used with MACSbug They are as follows 0 Header record Sl 16 bit address Data record 2 24 bit address Data record s8 24 bit address End of File Execution Address record s9 16 bit address End of File Execution Address record The standard S record is defined as follows BYTE CHECK FRAME VALUE DESCRIPTION COUNTED SUMMED 1 53 S Start of Record 2 30 39 0 9 Record Type 3 4 Byte Count 5 8 Address for 16 bit E 5 10 Address for 24 bit ia Data N 1 N Checksum The letter S and the Record Type are represented directly in ASCII The byte count address data and checksum are represented in ASCII encoded hexadecimal i e two frames per data byte with the most significant digit in the leading frame The checksum is the 1 s complement of the sum of all 8 bit data address bytes from byte count to last data byte inclusive TYPICAL OBJECT S RECORD FORMAT 00600004844521B S1131000307C1000327C1FFE123C00804280428300 1131010383C09964A016A0000121A1 8B0C96600E1 S11310
15. MACSbug 68000 DEBUGGER USER S GUIDE THE CORVUS CONCEPT e CORVUS SYSTEMS MACSbug 68000 DEBUGGER USER S GUIDE THE CORVUS CONCEPT PART NO 7100 01387 DOCUMENT NO CCC 60 33 1 1 RELEASE DATE March 1983 CORVUS CONCEPT is a trademark of Corvus Systems Inc CORVUS CONCEPT MACSbug 68000 DEBUGGER USER S MANUAL Much of the information contained in this manual is reprinted with the permission of Motorola Inc from the Motorola MC68000 Design Module User s Guide Motorola part number MEX68KDM D4 AUGUST 1980 EXORciser and MACSbug are trademarks of Motorola Inc 1 1 MACSbug INSTALLATION AND OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS INTRODUCTION This document describes the Corvus Concept MACSbug Debugger Version 2 0 It includes a description of the commands for the resident firmware monitor MACSbug and examples of its use 1 2 INSTALLATION PROCEDURES NOTE Before powering the base unit ON or OFF ensure that there is no a b c a diskette in the floppy drive Power off the Concept base and display Disconnect the keyboard cable and display monitor cable Open the drawer of the base unit and remove the power supply cables connected at locations labeled J8 and Jl on the processor board and the memory board respectively Remove any tap cables or interface cards which are currently in the drawer Lift up on the drawer assembly and completely remove it from the base unit The procedure to i
16. ame address Can be used without any data Period means return to MACSbug Returns to command level 99 Example of trying to change ROM Warning message Does not abort command Enter invalid character Print error message Command is aborted 1 6 4 Define and Print Symbols SYMBOLS COMMAND FORMAT DESCRIPTION SYmbol name hex value Put a symbol in the symbol table with a hex value or assign a new value to a previously defined one NAME can be 8 characters long consisting of A Z 0 9 period and dollar sign It must begin with letter A 2 or period sY name Remove a symbol from the symbol table SY name Print the current value of the symbol absolute SY value Print the first symbol with the given value SY Print the sorted symbol table NOTE Offset is not used by this command Some commands recognize the words TILL ALL and CLEAR as key words and will not interpret them as symbols EXAMPLES COMMENTS SY XYZ 5000 Puts the symbol in the table SY XYZ Command prints out the symbol s current value xY2 5000 SY XYZ 123 Change a symbol s value SY ABC34 2500 Define another symbol SY Z17 RTS XYZ Define a symbol with value from another symbol SY 123 Print first symbol with value of 123 XYZ 123 SY BS67ABC 4300 Define some more symbols SY RFLAG 200 SY MVP2 9990 SY Print the sorted symbol table ABC34 00002500 BS67ABC 00004300 MVP2 00009990 RFLAG 00000200 XYZ 00000123 Z17 RT5 00000123 SY TTT Print a value for
17. arent mode MACSBUG MACSbug prints this and system is ready for new command MAID System prompts with and user enters MAID E800 G Everything after the second is sent to the host NOTE the BAUD rates do not have to be the same P2 amp Enter transparent mode amp is the exit character TRANSPARENTY EXIT 26 Displays exit character amp as hex value 26 amp i User exits transparent mode by entering amp MACSBUG Command mode prompt 1 7 EXAMPLE OF COMMAND PROCEDURES MACSBUG 2 0 Start up condition P2 MACSbug prompts with user enters P2 to enter transparent mode TRANSPARENT EXIT 01 Message printed to indicate user is now directly connected with host system NOTE The following example is using a MOTOROLA EXORciser host system MAID i Boot up MDOS E800 5G MDOS3 0 MACS FILE CO Assemble a source file see M68000 Cross Macro Assembler manual PILE MC68000 ASM REV 1 0C COPYRIGHT BY MOTOROLA 1978 1 2 EXAMPLE PROGRAM FOR 68000 MACSBUG 3 TO DEMONSTRATE TRACING BREAKPOINTS AND GO 4 00000E00 ORG 0E00 5 000E00 7001 START MOVE L 1 D0 1 LOADED INTO REG DO 6 000E02 7002 MOVE L 2 D0 2 7 000E04 7003 MOVE L 3 D0 3 8 000E06 7004 MOVE L 4 D0 4 9 000E08 7005 MOVE L 5 D0 5 10 OQOOEOA 4EF80E00 JUMPER JMP START DO IT AGAIN 11 END AFATOTAL ERRORS 0 0 SYMBOL TABLE JUMPER 000E0A START 000E00 COPY FILE MX CN MDOS command to list file on console S00600004844521B Header record
18. base for this command only is decimal All numbers are signed 32 bit values EXAMPLES CV 128 80 amp 128 CV 20 202 amp 32 CV 81l SPFFFFF7F 81 129 CV 444 111 555 1365 CV 444 111 333 5819 SY TEN amp 10 SY THIRTY amp 30 CV TEN SA amp 10 CV TEN SFFFFFFF 6 SA amp 10 CV THIRTY TEN 14 amp 20 OF 2000 CV 123R 2123 amp 8483 CV TEN OR 200A amp 8202 COMMENTS Command to convert decimal to hex Computer response Hex to decimal Negative numbers Adding an offset second number s base defaults to first number s Subtracting an offset forward displacement Defining a symbolic decimal constant Command can be used with symbols Define a global offset R at the end of a number means add the global offset Symbolic relative 1 6 12 Download and Verify DOWNLOAD COMMAND FORMAT DESCRIPTION REad CX text Load S records default PORT 2 option C means ignore checksum option X means display data being read if equal sign is used in this command line then everything after it is sent to PORT 2 VErify text Verify memory with S records print difference verify does not use checksum NOTE These commands use the offset No attempt is made to control the host transmissioins For the REad and VErify any line received not beginning with the letter S is ignored see appendix A for S record formats If an error occurs causing the system to take the time to print out an
19. e ON position Ce Power on the Corvus Concept d Select option D for Debugger when prompted MACSbug will initialize and display on the ASCII terminal connected to port 1 with the following message MACSBUG 2 0 If these two lines do not print out perform the following a Check to see that the ASCII terminal is attached to RS 232C port 1 using a null modem cable b Ensure that the terminal s BAUD rate is set to 9600 parity is disabled and an 8 bit character size is selected 1 5 COMMAND LINE FORMAT Commands are entered the same as in most other buffer organized computer systems A standard input routine controls the system while the user types a line of input The delete RUBOUT key or control H will delete the last character entered A control X will cancel the entire line Control D will redisplay the line Processing begins only after the carriage return has been entered The format of the command line is COmmand parameters options where ba is the prompt from the monitor The user does not enter this In the examples given the lines beginning with this character are lines where the user entered a command co is the necessary input for the command Each command has one or two upper case letters necessary in its syntax In the examples the entire command may be used but only those letters in upper case in the syntax definition are necessary In actual usage MACSbug converts all lower case characters to up
20. em boots If problems persist contact your local servicing dealer or Corvus Customer Service 1 3 COMMMUNICATING WITH MACSbug Communication with MACSbug is performed through the two serial ports on the back of the Corvus Concept When used with MACSbug port 1 has a default data rate of 9600 BAUD parity is disabled and an 8 bit character size is assumed An ASCII terminal must be attached to port 1 with a null modem cable This terminal is the MACSbug console MACSbug supports port 2 as a standard RS 232C data terminal connector with a default data rate of 4800 BAUD parity disabled and a 8 bit data character size Port 2 can be used to communicate with a host computer a printer or other serial device This two port communication arrangement allows the Corvus Concept to be placed in series with an ASCII terminal and a host computer The transparant mode in MACSbug can be used to bypass the Corvus Concept This allows a program to be created on the host computer using the ASCII terminal and then when the program code file is generated it can be downloaded into the Corvus Concept for execution and dubugging This can all be performed without reconfiguring the cabling 1 4 OPERATIONAL PROCEDURE After the MACSbug ROMs has been installed MACSbug can be entered before the Corvus Concept operating system is booted as follows a Connect an ASCII terminal to port 1 of the Corvus Concept b Ensure that the Concept boot switches are both in th
21. error message one or more lines sent during the error message may have been ignored EXAMPLE COMMENTS READ COPY FILE MX CN Download from an EXORciser DM E00 10 Check to see if data was loaded 000E00 70 01 70 02 70 03 70 04 70 05 4E F8 OE 00 FF FF VERIFY COPY FILE MX CN Normal verify returns with prompt SM EOS FF Deliberately change memory to show verify DM E00 Verify that 03 was changed to FF 000E00 70 01 70 02 70 FF 70 04 70 05 4E F8 OE 00 FF FF VERIFY COPY FILF MX CN 1110 E00 03 Displays only nonmatching data bytes RE COPY FILE2 MX CN Example of file with bad character S1110E 007001700270 3700470054EF80E0049 NOT HEX RE COPY FILE2 MX CN Example of file with bad checksum S1110E 00700170027003700470054EF80E0039 CHKSUM 49 RE COPY FILE MX CN Normal read returns with prompt OF 5423 RE COPY FILE MX CN Download with offset DM 1000 Display memory adds offset to parameters 006423 70 01 70 02 70 03 70 04 70 05 4E F8 OE 00 FF FF 1 6 13 The CALL Command CALL The call command can be used to add commands This is done by writing a subroutine which ends with an RTS The call command does not affect the user s registers and is not to be confused with the GO command The user may use a symbol as the command parameter instead of an absolute starting address Registers AS and A6 point to the start and end of the I O BUFFER see RAM equate file listing paragraph 1 11 so the user may pass additional
22. hese locations and place the ROM labeled CC 0 5 H or later in location U710 and place the ROM labeled Cc 0 5 L or later in location U706 on the processor board U708 U709 eo U710 gt Boot Static MACSbug MACSbug Boot ROM ROM ROM Low Low Low High High Place the ROM labeled MACSbug 2 0 L in location U708 and place the ROM labeled MACSbug 2 0 H in location U709 on the processor board The MACSbug ROM sockets are 28 pin sockets and the MACSbug ROMS are 24 pin devices The sockets should have the top four pin locations unused i e pins 1 2 27 and 28 Place microswitches 7 and 8 in the ON position g h i j k Replace the drawer into the base unit and position the two power supply cables along the speaker tray channel to prevent chaffing of the cables Reconnect the power supply cables to J8 on the processor board and J1 on the memory board Reconnect any tap cables or interface cards originally within the rawer Power on the display and then the base unit The Concept will emit a beep and then request input from the user regarding the boot device as follows Select the device D F L 0 D Debug MACSbug F Floppy Disk Drive L Local Disk Drive O Omninet Drive Select your normal disk boot option to run a quick check of the unit If the unit does not complete the boot check the ROM locations and that all pins of the ROMs are installed correctly Repeat the procedure until the syst
23. isters in a block TD Print the trace display D0 00000000 D1 00000000 D2 00000000 D3 00000000 D4 00000000 D5 00000000 D6 00000000 D7 00000000 TD CLEAR TD A 1 Define all address registers in a block TD A0 00000000 A1 00000000 A2 00000000 A3 00000000 A4 00000000 A5 00000000 A6 00000000 A7 00000FFC TD L A Define a line separator a row of TD a A A0 00000000 Al 00000000 A2 00000000 A3 00000000 A4 00000000 AS 00000000 A6 00000000 A7 000NNFFRC SEE EEE EEE EEE EEE CEE ERE EEE CELE EEE Ed EEE Er TD L Define a line separtator a row of amp TD A0 00000000 AL 00000000 A2 00000000 A3 00000000 A4 00000000 A5 00000000 A6 00000000 A7 0000NFFC 665565 TD ALL Turn on commonly used registers TD ese this is also the default or reset condiit on PC 000000 SR 2000 US 00007F00 SS 00007FFE D0 00000000 D1 00000000 D2 00000000 D3 00000000 D4 00000000 D5 00000000 D6 00000000 D7 00000000 A0 00000000 Al 00000000 A2 00000000 A3 00000000 A4 00000000 A5 00000000 A6 00000000 A7 00000FFC ee oe ca ae LL SO O O IO Oe OT ae O oa SA O ee a a ee 1 6 9 Tracing TRACE COMMAND FORMAT DESCRIPTION Trace Execute one instruction and print trace display Trace count Trace specified number of instructions Trace TILL address Trace to the given address breakpoint will stop the trace CR A colon before the prompt indicates a Special trace mode is in effect a carriage return will trace the next instruction EXAMPLES COMMENTS see example pr
24. ll to MACSbug trap handler DATA W function Valid functions listed below Program resumes with next instruction DESTINATION FUNCTION BUFFER Coded Breakpoint PORTI console Input line AS A6 is start of buffer PORT1 console Output line A5 to A6 1 is buffer PORT2 host Read line A5 A6 is start of buffer PORT2 host Print line A5 to A6 1 is buffer EXAMPLE PROGRAM 0000 0004 0006 0008 000A 4BFA 2C4D 4E4F 0001 4E4F 1 2 file MBUG EX TEXT 3 4 3 Example of using TRAP 15 facility in 5 MacsBug This program is assembled with 6 3 ASM68K then linked using the Concept 7 3 LINKER It was executed by calling out 8 the code file 9 10 COMMAND LINE COMMENT 11 asm68k mbug ex assemble file 12 linker mbug ex link 13 mbug ex execute 14 15 16 001A 17 START LEA BUFFER A5 Init buffer 18 MOVEA L AS A6 pointers 19 20 Input buffer from Port 1 21 22 TRAP 15 zechoes input 23 DATA W 1 24 25 Output buffer to Port 2 26 27 TRAP 15 000C 0004 28 DATA W 4 29 30 Enter MacsBug a coded breakpoint 31 000E 4E4F 32 i TRAP 15 0010 0000 33 DATA W 0 34 35 if first char in buffer then exit 36 0012 7021 37 MOVEQ 1 D0 0014 BO3A 0006 38 CMP B BUFFER DO lst char I 0018 66E6 39 BNE S START no do again 40 001A 4E75 41 RTS 42 43 BUFFER 44 001C 00000000 45 BUFFER DATA L 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0054 00000000 46 DATA L 0 0
25. low Initialize registers for example below Initialize registers for example below Turn off all the registers in display Define PC as 3 bytes and Dl as one Command to display This is the trace display Remove PC and add A6 which defaults to 4 bytes Display Display with two new registers Define a window Set value of memory pseudo register Add a memory pseudo register to the display Display New display Change length of registers already in display Display New display M3 now suppresses leading zeroes Dl is relative and M3 is decimal Set the offset see OFfset command Display 5 off set 12340r 20 hex 32 decimal Define a symbol see SYmbol command Make A6 print symbol if value is in table Prints symbolic value Set A6 to a value NOT inm symbol table A6 prints value with 4 byte format 1 6 8 Set the Trace Display Format Blocks of Registers TRACE DISPLAY COMMAND FORMAT DESCRIPTION TD CLear Take everything out of the display TD D 1 Put all data registers in display as a block TD A l Put all address registers in display as block for D 1 and A l the format is fixed at 4 bytes TD L character Define a line separator at the end of display 0 will reverse A l D 1 and L char commands TD ALL Same as keying TD PC 3 SR 2 US 4 SS 4 D 1 A l L does not affect other registers and windows that have been previously defined to display EXAMPLES COMMENTS TD CLEAR Clear the display TD D 1 Define all data reg
26. nstall MACSbug ROMs is different for REV 03 processor boards and REV 04 processor boards You can determine whether you have a REV 03 or REV 04 by the configuration of the Concept boot switches On the REV 03 processor boards there is a 2 switch microswitch on the right side of the processor board opposite the I O slots On the REV 04 processor boards there is a 8 switch microswitch on the right side of the processor board opposite the I O slots e Revion 03 Installation Procedures 1 Locate the Boot ROMS on the processor board at locations U706 ROM 0U and U711 ROM OL If they are not version 0 5 or later remove the ROMs at these locations and place the ROM labeled CC 0 5 H or later in location U706 and place the ROM labeled CC 0 5 L or later in location U711 on the processor board U708 U709 U706 U710 U711 o o lt Boot MACSbug MACSbug Boot ROM ROM High High Low Low Place the ROM labeled MACSbug 2 0 L in location U709 and place the ROM labeled MACSbug 2 0 H in location U708 on the processor board The MACSbug ROM sockets are 28 pin sockets and the MACSbug ROMS are 24 pin devices The sockets should have the top four pin locations unused i e pins 1 2 27 and 28 Place both microswitches in the ON position Revison 04 Installation Procedures l Locate the Boot ROMS on the processor board at locations U706 RON OL and U710 ROM OU If they are not version 0 5 or later remove the ROMs at t
27. nt at the address and run until a breakpoint is encountered Print the address of all breakpoints 8 maximum Set a breakpoint at this address Remove the breakpoint at this address Set a breakpoint at this address with a count Remove all breakpoints COMMENTS see example program in section 1 7 PC E00 TD CLEAR TD PC 2 DO 1 TD PC 0E00 DO 00 G TILL E08 PC 0E08 DO 04 BR 0E02 G PC 0E02 DO 01 BR E08 4 BR BRKPTS 0E02 0E08 4 G PC 0E00 DO 4 PC 0E02 DO 1 BR BRKPTS 0E02 0E08 3 BR E02 G P PC 0E08 D0 PC 0E08 D0 4 PC 0E08 D0 4 BR BRKPTS 0E08 BR E08 2 G PC 0E08 DO 4 PC 0E08 DO 4 BR E00 G E00 PC 0E08 D0 4 SY JUMPER E0A BR JUMPER 5 BR 123456 7897 11 22 33 Set program counter to starting address Set trace display format Print trace display Run until address System displays when it stops Set a breakpoint Run until breakpoint Trace display Set a breakpoint with a count Print the breakpoints Run Decrements count prints display continues Stops at breakpoint with zero count Print the breakpoints Count has been decremented by one Remove a breakpoint Run Count from 3 to 2 sz to Lose eeel to 0 and it stops here Print the breakpoints No count for this breakpoint does not reset back to count value Reseting count Count 2 to 1 Count 1 to 0 and stop Set another breakpoint Start running from E00 bypass breakpoint at starting address and stop at next
28. nt the effective address of the window Define window length and addressing mode Memory in window same syntax as register Start running from address in program counter Start running from this address Set temporary breakpoint and start running Print all breakpoint addresses Set a new breakpoint and optional count Clear a breakpoint Clear all breakpoints Print the trace display Put a register in the display Take all registers out of the display Set all registers out of the display Set register blocks or line separator Trace one instruction Trace the specified number of instructions Trace until this address Carriage return trace one instruction Define the global offset Convert decimal number to hex Convert hex to decimal calculate offset or displacement Expect to receive S records Check memory against S records JSR to user utility routine Enter transparent mode Transmit command to host SECTION 1 6 1 1 6 7 1 6 2 1 6 13 1 6 14 The control A key ends transparent mode default The control D key redisplays the line The control H key deletes the last character entered The control X key cancels the entire line 1 6 1 Set and Display Registers 68000 REGISTER MNEMONICS DO D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 A0 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 COMMAND FORMATS reg hexdata reg ascii reg reg data PC SR SS US class where class D or A class EXAMPLES A5 123 AS A5 00000123 D4 FFFFF
29. ogram in section 1 7 TD CLEAR Remove all of trace display TD PC 2 DO 1 Display only PC and DO DM E00 Example program in memory 000E00 70 01 70 02 70 03 70 04 70 05 4E F8 OE 00 FF FF PC E00 Set the program counter TD Print the trace display PC 0E00 D0 00 ET Trace one instruction PC 0E02 D0 01 CR Special prompt appears carriage return will PC 0E04 D0 02 trace the next instruction T3 Trace three instructions PC 0E06 D0 03 PC 0E08 D0 04 PC 0E0A D0 05 T TILL E04 Trace till instruction at address E04 PC 0E00 DO 05 PC 0E02 DO 01 PC 0E04 D0 02 1 6 10 Offset OFFSET The 68000 instruction set lends itself to relocatability and position independence A general purpose global offset feature has been provided The single offset address applies to all of the commands listed below Registers displayed in the trace display may have the offset subtracted by using R as the format See paragrpah 1 6 7 on trace display The offset may be overriden by entering a comma and alternate offset All commands do not use the offset but any number can be forced to be relative have the offset added by entering an R as the last character of the number WARNING This is a very simple offset feature and may not be able to solve complex relocation problems The user is encouraged to experiment with the global offset and the window features to determine their limitations and usefulness in a particular application COMMAND FORMAT
30. per case mmand is the unnecessary part of the command It is given in the syntax definiton only to improve readability If this part of the command was actually entered on the command line it would be ignored parameters depends upon the particular command Data is usually in hex but most printable ASCII characters may be entered if enclosed in single quotes The system also supports a limited symbolic feature allowing symbols to be used interchangeably with data values options modifies the nature of the command A typical option might be to disregard the checksum while downloading 1 6 MACSbug COMMAND SUMMARY COMMAND reg reg hexdata reg ASCII regt class class DM start end SM address data OPen address SYmbol NAME value wt W len EA M data Go Go address Go TILL add BReakpoint BR add count BR address BR CLEAR TD TD regt format TD Clear TD ALI TD A 1 D 1 Lec T T count T TILL Address CR OFfset address CV decimal CV Shex CV value value REad test VErify text CA11 address P2 data CTL A CTL D CTL H CTL X DESCRIPTION Print a register Put a hex value in the register Put hex equivalent characters in register Print the old value and request new value Print all registers of a class A or D Sequence through print old value request new Display memory hex ASCII memory dump Set memory with data Open memory for read change Define and print symbols Pri
31. to including MACSbug s RAM area This allows the user to initalize such locations as the starting and ending address of the symbol table All the registers may be initialized except the program counter which takes its address from the S8 or S9 record The REad command supports the normal S0 Sl S2 S8 and S9 record formats See Appendix for a description of these S Records TRAP 15 is used by both the user I O feature and breakpoints When the program is running the address of the breakpoint routine is normally in the TRAP 15 vector When program execution is stopped the I O routine address is normally inserted into TRAP 15 vector If I O is not needed in the program the user may change the vector with the SM command If breakpoints are not needed the program may change the vector while the program is running It is recommended however that the user should use the other 15 vectors or other programming techniques and let MACSbug control TRAP 15 1 11 EQUATE FILE OF RAM USED BY 68000 MACSbug 2 0 WARNING TO USER The addresses listed below and their usage as described in this document are intended for only this version 2 0 of MACSbug Corvus does not guarantee the usage of these locations ORG 400 400 REGPC DS L 1 USERS PROGRAM COUNTER 404 REGSR DS L 1 USERS CONDITION CODES 408 REGS DS B 4 2 8 4BYTES 3SECTIONS 8REG OR MEM 444 REGA7 EQU REGS 60 WHERE A7 REG IS 448 REGUS DS B 4 USER STACK 44C OFFSET DS L 1 ASSUMED OFFSET
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