Brainstorm SR-15+ Manual
Contents
1. 27 G Longitudinal Bit Assignment SMPTE amp EBU 28 e Specifications e pet o Museen ESL EA SUE 29 Page 2 Introduction Introduction The SR 15 time code distripalyzer combines three functions in one unit a distributor a stripper and an analyzer It should be permanently installed in your time code set up and always on line whether you are generating time code and recording it on tape or playing it back while synchronizing several machines This way the SR 15 can detect time code errors immediately before you commit any recording to bad time code e The Distributor reshapes time code and distributes it through 5 individually buffered outputs The Stripper extracts a synchronous field rate pilot tone from time code video or AC mains The Analyzer identifies the type the stability and the frame rate of the incoming time code it verifies its proper synchronization phase with video and it reports time code errors i e drop outs A Rear Time Code B Front gt AC Mains lg E Square Front Panel Display a a Printer Video Serial Parallel Computer Optional Video Card gt Video Color Pulse 7 EF c Beeper Monitor Mit E PA Relay out Event In Relay Figure1 SR 15 Flow Chart2. 60 Hz Video NTSC Color 59 94 Hz FAL uices irs 50 Hz Page 20 Distributor Reshaper 3 Distributor Reshaper TIME CODE DISTRIBUTION In today s studio more and more pieces of equipment rely on time code for precise timing console automations sequencers DAW s readers synchro nizers editors etc Simply multing a single output of a tape machine or of a generator is not recommended because it can cause serious problems Multing a single output ties the destinations inputs together If one piece of gear is misswired and creates a short all destinations will be affected This could easily happen since until recently there was no universal standard regarding XLR pins 2 and 3 Heavy loading from high capacitance cables and or low impedance loads can cause source distortions and instability The SR 15 eliminates these problems by providing 5 individually buffered and balanced outputs In addition to distributing time code the SR 15 also reshapes it RESHAPING DISTORTED TIME CODE TIME CODE LEVEL When time code comes off a tape machine especially VCR s it usually has improper rise fall times leading edge peaking and different amplitude levels on one s and zero s see diagrams below This is due to the fact that analog tape machines were not designed to record a signal that is basically digital Figure 14 Figure 15 Figure 16 An
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4. Square setting 1ps EBU setting 50ps As a general rule if time code is patched directly into a reader use the square wave position but whenever possible cross talk problems exist i e in an audio patchbay or when recording the reshaped signal use the SMPTE or EBU setting as needed RE SHAPING VS RE GENERATING When doing transfers some engineers like to pre stripe time code onto tape others like to reshape time code and others prefer to regenerate it In most situations pre striping the tape while the tape machine is running ot its own internal fixed speed is the best solution Assuming that the generator is working properly this would insure a clean and error free time code track The audio tracks could then be transferred while the master and slave machines are locked If you choose instead to reshape or regenerate it is important to recognize that they are different and what their drawbacks are A reshaper does not generate new time code It cleans up an existing time code by eliminating amplitude distortions This means that the reshaped time code is always identical to the source time code However if the source is temporarily interrupted i e drop out a reshaper does not fill the gap Also timing distortions i e jitter wow or flutter are transferred through a reshaper Regenerating time code on the other hand requires a generator When regen erating the generator reads an external time code source an
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6. 5 37 The remainder when dividing by 4 is 1 i e 37 4 9 with a remainder of 1 So this address corresponds to fields 1 and 2 of the 8 field PAL color sequence Page 28 Appendix Appendix G Longitudinal bit assignment SMPTE amp EBU Each word of LTC is divided into 80 equal segments called bits numbered O to 79 These bits are mainly grouped by four into Binary Coded Decimal words to form decimal numbers to 9 Twenty six of these bits are assigned to the Time Address information frames seconds minutes and hours thirty two are assigned to the Binary Group information user bits sixteen are used for sync sync word and the remaining six are used for flags or are still unassigned 5 Frame User Frame User Second User Second Minute User Minute User Hour Units Bits Tens Units Bits Tens Bits Units nc Frame Frame ord Units Tens UV lil 56 60 64 68 72 76 4 8 12 Figure 22 SMPTE Word Address 05 38 14 29 User bits 00000000 drop amp color flags set Units Bits Tens Bits SMPTE has a frame rate of 30 fr s and EBU 25 fr s but both time codes have the same 80 bits per word Most bits are the same but some of the flags are different FRAME UNITS FIRST
7. Ground 5 SG 4 SG PC make up a cable with 25 pin sub D on the the PC side and a 9 pin sub D female connector on the SR 15 side Solder the 3 pins needed as described in the table below IMPORTANT ON THE PC SIDE 25 PIN SUB D PINS 6 AND 20 DSR DTR MUST BE TIED TOGETHER SR 15 PC 9 pin Sub D 25 pin sub D Signal Out 2 TxD 3 RxD Signal In 3 RxD 2 TxD Ground 5 SG 7 SG m 6 DSR 20 DTR Serial printer To connect an Apple ImageWriter printer use the above described Mac cable For serial printer with a DB25 connector use the PC cable For other printers refer to your printer s manual for pin configuration Page 6 Set Up SSS 3 Setting the SR 15 s Jumpers There are 5 jumpers on the SR 15 s mother board that control the 4 different functions listed below To change the factory settings remove the chassis top panel and move the jumpers as follows JP4 JP5 ct 2 5 a 1 3 ed JP7 Switched Rear JP6 D Code Tone Figure 5 SR 15 Top view INPUTS A Rear Time Code B Front 2L 3 AC Mains 4 N Printer Video Serial Parallel Computer gt Optional Video Card Video Color Pulse 0 Beeper Monitor t E s Relay ou r Even
8. BINARY GROUP c FRAME TENS DROP FRAME FLAG COLOR FRAME FLAG SECOND BINARY GROUP SECONDS UNITS THIRD BINARY GROUP 0 SECONDS TENS 0 BI PHASE MARK PHASE CORRECTION FOURTH BINARY GROUP MINUTES UNITS FITH BINARY GROUP MINUTES TENS BINARY GROUP FLAG BIT SIXTH BINARY GROUP HOURS UNITS SEVENTH BINARY GROUP 0 HOURS TENS UNASSIGNED ADDRESS BIT 58 BINARY GROUP FLAG BIT EIGHTH BINARY GROUP SYNC WORD BIT ZERO SYNC WORD BIT ZERO SYNC WORD BIT ONE SYNC WORD BIT ONE SYNC WORD BIT ONE SYNC WORD BIT ONE SYNC WORD BIT ONE SYNC WORD BIT ONE SYNC WORD BIT ONE SYNC WORD BIT ONE SYNC WORD BIT ONE SYNC WORD BIT ONE SYNC WORD BIT ONE SYNC WORD BIT ONE SYNC WORD BIT ZERO SYNC WORD BIT ONE Figure 23 SMPTE longitudinal bit assignment FRAME UNITS FIRST BINARY GROUP O FRAME TENS UNASSIGNED ADDRESS BIT 10 COLOR FRAME FLAG SECOND BINARY GROUP SECONDS UNITS THIRD BINARY GROUP 10 SECONDS TENS 10 BINARY GROUP FLAG BIT FOURTH BINARY GROUP MINUTES UNITS FITH BINARY GROUP 10 MINUTES TENS BINARY GROUP FLAG BIT SIXTH BINARY GROUP HOURS UNITS SEVENTH BINARY GROU
9. Good Code LED goes on Input setting an external switch can be connected to the 1 4 jack so that the SR 15 can report each closure along with its coinciding time code address For Relay out move shorting jumper on JPA to the left and on JP5 to the right For Event in move shorting jumper on JPA to the right and on JP5 to the left The SR 15 is shipped with the 1 4 jack set for Relay out gt Relay Latching momentary The internal relay has 2 different modes of operation Latching the relay is open when the Good Code led is off and closes when the led is on Momentary the relay closes for approximately 100ms when the Good Code led goes from on to off The SR 15 is shipped with the relay in the Latching mode To set it to the Momentary mode move the shorting jumper on JP3 to the 2 pins closest to the front panel Set Up Page 9 4 Setting the SR 15 s Dipswitches rear panel There are 8 switches on the SR 15 s rear panel Most of these switches are reserved for future upgrades Only two switches are presently used lt Switch 1 Not used Future upgrade lt Switch 2 Not used Future upgrade lt Switch 3 Not used Future upgrade lt Switch 4 Not used Future upgrade lt Switch 5 Not used Future upgrade c Switch 6 Not used Future upgrade lt Switch 7 This switch is used for selecting 4 or 8 fields PAL color
10. Page 15 ____ In addition to the 8 digit display SR 15 also alerts you of errors as follows lt The Good Code LED input section blinks off momentarily whenever fatal error is detected gt Beeper sounds whenever the GOOD CODE LED changes from on to off If necessary the beeper can be turned off via the front panel on off switch Ia 1 lt The Event Relay is activated whenever the front panel s GOOD CODE LED goes on This relay has 2 different modes of operation see Setting the 15 jumpers on page 8 Latching the relay is open when the Good Code led is off and closed when led is on This can be used to connect a remote good code LED e Momentary the relay closes approximately 100ms when the Good Code led goes from on to off This can be used to stop the tape machine as soon as a fatal error is detected for example The SR 15 keeps track of errors and statuses on the front panel and it may be useful at times to reset the SR 15 or clear some of its displays What is the difference between Reset and Clear Reset When you reset the SR 15 it is as if you were playing new time code Alter a reset the SR 15 begins the normal sequence again the SR 15 identifies the time code format and displays it for about 2 seconds in the 8 digit display see page 10 the front panel LED s are all reset the first 5 errors register is erased anew time code report
11. Stripper Page 19 2 Tone Stripper The SR 15 can extract a pilot tone at field rate from time code video or AC mains This tone is synchronous with its source Its zero crossing is synchronous with and its waveform rises at the end of the sync word bit 79 of the code source F1L5 of external video source or e the crossing of AC mains source Sync Word Sync Word Time Code 64 68 72 76 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56 60 64 68 72 76 0 4 Pilot Tone Figure 13 Alignment of pilot tone in reference to code and video To strip a pilot tone 1 select the source time code video or AC mains 2 select the waveform sine or square 3 set the output level To read the frequency of the stripped tone EEE The 4 digit display is a hi resolution frequency counter To read the frequency _ e of the stripped tone set the 4 digit display selector to Tone Out To read the frequency of a recorded tone You can also read the frequency of an external tone patch it into the selected XLR input and set the 4 digit display to Tone In The SR 15 reads any frequency from 5 to 99 99 Hz If a tone is patched into the SR 15 the 8 digit display reads tone The Stripper does the following conversions Code 29 97 fr sec 59 94 Hz 30 fr sec 60 Hz 25 50 Hz 24 fr sec
12. Waveform switchable rise time front panel switch 25ys SMPTE 50 EBU or 1ps square wave Amplitude Distortion output less than 2 Tone Stripper Output Level full off to 12960 balanced to 6dbU unbalanced front panel pot adjustable Output waveform Sine low distortion sine wave or Square Time Code Conversion 24 fr sec film 60Hz 25 fr sec PAL 50Hz 29 97 r sec NTSC 59 9AHz 30 fr sec SMPTE 60Hz Video conversion NTSC color 59 9AHz csetera 50 Hz Connectors XLR Female 2 inputs Male 6 outputs BNC Video In amp Loop Color ID In amp Loop Video Out optional 1 4 Jack Tip Ring Sleeve type for relay out or event in DB 9M Serial port DB 25F Parallel port IEC 320 Power inlet Termination switch 75Q to ground for Video In amp Loop Ground Lift Switch Isolates chassis ground from signal ground Power 115 VAC 230VAC 50 or 60 Hz switchable Fuse 250V T200mA slow blow type 218 115VAC 250V T100mA slow blow type 218 230VAC Size 5 x 20 mm metric Dimensions 19 x 1 4 x 9 Weight 8lbs Page 30 Notes BRAINSTORM ELECTRONICS INC www brainstormtime com Distributed Exclusively by plus24 1155 N La Brea Avenue West Hollywood CA 90038 USA Tel 323 845 1171 Fax 323 845 1170 www plus24 net
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14. phase with video When time code is recorded on video tape it must be synchronous with the video signal meaning that the beginning of each time code word must coincide with the beginning of the video frame it describes This is essential for video editing There is one time code word for each frame Each word is made up of 80 bits numbered from 00 to 79 see diagram below Time code is phased properly with video when the end of bit 79 of time code lines up with field 1 line 5 of video 1 line ONE TIME CODE FRAME 12 35 08 28 Sync Word nM 7 1 Video Field 1 F2L5 Video Field 2 ONE VIDEO FRAME Figure 11 Proper alignment of time code and video How can you check video phase with the SR 15 lt The Video Code LED indicates 4 different conditions on means time code is properly phased with video blinking mostly on means time code is resolved with video but out of phase blinking mostly off means time code is non synchronous drifting off means no video is present The SR 15 considers time code properly phased if the time code bit lined up with video F1L5 is between numbers 75 and 04 The SR 15 considers it non synchronous if time code moves by more than 2 bits with respect to video F1L5 If the time code generator was m
15. sequence The default setting off or up position is for 4 fields the other on or down position is for 8 fields See page 13 for more on color framing lt Switch 8 With this switch off up position the time code report is transmitted through both the serial and parallel ports see page 17 Turning switch 8 on down position disconnects the parallel port and changes the serial port output so that instead of transmitting the regular time code report the serial port transmits time code addresses as ASCII characters see page 18 Page 10 Analyzer Section 2 Using the SR 15 1 Time Code Analyzer The Analyzer section has 3 main functions to identify the format and frame rate of the incoming time code to verify the proper synchronization phase with video to detect and report time code errors A TIME CODE FORMAT amp FRAME RATE When playing time code into the SR 15 the analyzer first identifies its format lt gt Reader Display As soon as valid time code is recognized its format or frame count is indicated in the 8 digit display for about 2 seconds The display then IDF r SE E automatically switches to its selected mode time code user bits or video e THE 3 STANDARD TIME CODE FORMATS ARE 24 25 OR 30 FR SEC The 4 LED s on the right of the display further identify the time code The ASCII LED indicates the user bits format If the LED is off UB format is Hex if the LE
16. 95 154 TIME CODE DISTRIPALY ZER A Distributor a Stripper and an Analyzer Operation Manual Software version 3 05 m Vm a c amni _ e m e E e S M gt T S c N me coor G i CALA 6 1 ay 7 aransronn DISTRIPALYZER Ec 22 j TN 2 e A om 1 gt N BRAINSTORM ELECTRONICS INC Intelligent Solutions For The Recording Studio SR 15 TIME CODE DISTRIPALYZER OPERATION MANUAL BRAINSTORM ELECTRONICS INC Release Date June 1994 indui epoo jeued eey y Indul pp Jedeuseg 101nquisiq eui jo sindino t 0t t L 1ndino or eur Jo SUOL 62 MEE 114110 QUIS pedduis y jo OY seuiuJeje uJoJjeAeM 1nding 92 L 0 40 inj je e sJedduis eui sisnfpy 1ndino SUIRI Ov O9PIA eddis jo 1ndur sj 9jes INOS Jedduis uesejd si OU yo Bul 1 epoo ji yo Apsow syuijq teseud Jo no SI epoo J uo psoui eseud pue SI JI pios UO ax1 epo OeplA Ez doup uou 10 Bey 4G 10 yo Ajsow OL SSIUJ JO UO doup 10 pijos uO aa1 zz MEE
17. ANT if you change the voltage setting you MUST also change the fuse In addition to the voltage selector the power entry module also holds two fuse drawers Since only the hot side is fused the second drawer is not in the circuit and only serves to hold a spare fuse see drawing above Pull the main fuse drawer using a small blade screwdriver and check the markings on the fuse Use the following values 115VAC 250V T200mA slow blow type 218 230VAC 250V T100mA slow blow type 218 2 Wiring gt XLR Connectors The SR 15 uses XLR connectors for time code and tone inputs and outputs Pins are 1 ground 2 high 3 low Since time code is bi phase a reversal of low amp high wires would not cause a problem The tone however would be 180 which may cause a frame error when jam syncing to fone The SR 15 works with balanced and unbalanced equipment It can balance an unbalanced signal This can eliminate problems due to mismatched impedance and ground loops When using unbalanced equipment with the SR 15 wire your cables as described in the diagrams below SR 15 Input SR 15 Output Figure 3 Proper unbalanced wiring diagrams gt 1 4 Jack Relay out in This is a tip ring sleeve jack It can be an output or an input depending on the position of jumpers 4 amp 5 see Setting the SR 15 s jumpers As an output the 1 4 jack is connected to an internal relay which is activated when
18. D is on UB format is ASCII is often used to identify a scene reel date or camera number The Color Frame LED indicates whether code is color framed or not This LED comes on if the color flag is set bit 11 it is off if the flag is not set For more on Color Framing see page 13 The Drop Frame LED indicates the drop frame status This LED comes on as soon as the microprocessor detects a drop frame flag bit 10 set But the SR 15 also monitors the code to make sure the proper frames are actually being dropped If they are not the D blinks mostly off false flag If frames are properly dropped but the DF flag was not detected the LED blinks mostly on missing flag Note Since frames are dropped at the end of the minutes this LED will not start blinking until the microprocessor sees a minute boundary of good code e The Video Code Indicates whether code is in sync with video not This LED comes on only if a video reference is present For the different modes of this LED see page 12 The 4 digit display indicates the frame rate or frequency The SR 15 strips the g play q y P bit clock from the incoming time code and displays it as frames per seconds It displays any rate from approximately 21 to 39 fr sec plays any y The frame rate counter is updated 4 times per second Since its resolution is 01 fr sec it can show potential problems such as jitter see Appendix B Mo
19. Identifying color field with time code address When a generator generates Color Framed time code it is locked to a Field ID reference pulse and uses the following rules to keep the time code addresses relative to the color sequences For NTSC the color sequence is spread over 4 fields 2 frames For correct color framing even numbered frames contain fields 1 and 2 Frame A and odd numbered frames contain fields 3 and 4 Frame B of the sequence For example time code address 00 04 12 13 contains fields 3 and 4 of the 4 field NTSC color sequence Frame B lt For SECAM and simple PAL editing the color sequence is spread over 4 fields 2 frames For correct color framing if S represents the number of seconds and F the number of frames in the time code address S F is an odd number for fields 1 and 2 of the sequence S F is an even number for fields 3 and 4 of the sequence For example time code address 00 04 12 13 contains fields 1 and 2 of the 4 field SECAM color sequence since S F 25 odd For more complex PAL editing the color sequence is spread over 8 fields 4 frames If S represents the number of seconds and F the number of frames when dividing S F by 4 the remainder is O for fields 7 and 8 of the sequence frame D 1 for fields 1 and 2 of the sequence frame A 2 for fields 3 and 4 of the sequence frame B 3 for fields 5 and 6 of the sequence frame C For the time code address 01 02 15 22 for example
20. P HOURS TENS UNASSIGNED ADDRESS BIT 58 BI PHASE MARK PHASE CORRECTION BIT EIGHTH BINARY GROUP SYNC WORD BIT ZERO SYNC WORD BIT ZERO SYNC WORD BIT ONE SYNC WORD BIT ONE SYNC WORD BIT ONE SYNC WORD BIT ONE SYNC WORD BIT ONE SYNC WORD BIT ONE SYNC WORD BIT ONE SYNC WORD BIT ONE SYNC WORD BIT ONE SYNC WORD BIT ONE SYNC WORD BIT ONE SYNC WORD BIT ONE SYNC WORD BIT ZERO SYNC WORD BIT ONE Figure 24 EBU longitudinal bit assignment Specifications Page 29 Specifications Time Code Reader 8 digit display character height 12 Speed range reads at play speed only 25 Frame Rate Counter 4 digit display character height 12 Reads frame rate w Code selected frequency w Tone in or Tone out selected Reading range 21 to 39 fr sec 5 to 99 99 Hz Display accuracy 20 ppm plus the least significant digit Resolution 01 Fr sec or Hz Update rate 4x per sec Distributor Reshaper 1 x 5 with auxiliary front panel input and output Input signal swPrE EBU Longitudinal Time Code forward or reverse play shuttle amp wind Input Impedance 20KQ balanced 10KQ unbalanced Input Level 3OdbU min 20dbU max Output Impedance 6000 balanced 3000 unbalanced Output Level full off to 12960 balanced to 6dbU unbalanced front panel pots adjustable Output
21. Set Up Page 3 Section 1 Setting up the SR 154 1 Connections Time Code inputs The SR 15 has 2 separate input jacks for time code Input A on the rear panel and Input B aux on the front panel The front panel Input Select switch determines which input is active Connect your main time code source to the rear panel input jack The front input jack is provided for an auxiliary time code source Time Code and Tone outputs There are 5 reshaped time code outputs 1 through 4 are located on the rear panel and output 5 is on the the front panel Connect these outputs to your synchronizer reader console automation sequencer workstation etc The Pilot Tone output is located on the rear panel Connect this to your tone destination i e tape machine resolver Video Reference Connect Video Composite Sync or Composite Video to the video reference input BNC This signal is used by the Analyzer to monitor phase with time code and by the Stripper to extract a video referenced pilot tone An additional BNC connector is provided for looping through as well as a switchable 750 termination Color ID IF using Color Framed Time Code connect the Color Field ID pulse from your house Sync Generator into the rear panel Color ID input When this pulse is present the SR 15 reports the time code alignment with respect to this reference There are 2 BNC connectors on the rear panel Color ID Input and Loop Video Out optional Conn
22. ad bits 28 01 18 41 27 Frame repeated 01 23 45 07 Code stopped SUMMARY VIDEO SYNC Code Properly Synced COLOR Field 1 locked with color ID pulse END TIME 01 23 45 07 END OF REPORT User Bits message first UB message detected is printed NOTE If SR 15 had to switch to the alternate setting to read time code see Proper bit width on page 11 the following message is printed just above the Format heading Alternate bit width window 3 Video Reference If video is present the SR 15 reports which bit of time code is lined up with V drive video field 1 line 5 3 seconds after time code is detected to allow for ramp up time if video is not present the SR 15 reports Video not present 4 Start Time First valid Time Code address 5 Address Errors The SR 15 prints the title ADDRESS ERRORS then waits for errors to occur As soon as an error is detected the faulty address and the error description are transmitted 6 Summary When input is interrupted for 5 seconds an end of report is printed which includes the following Video Sync if video reference was present code properly synced resolved but out of phase non synchronous Color Framing if color flag was set and color pulse was present Field X locked with color ID Non standard formats if applicable 24DF 25 DF non synchronous color code Undefined bit set 7 End Time The last valid address is print
23. alog tape machine Analog tape machine Analog tape machine Play speed High speed Low speed This can make the time code difficult or sometimes impossible to read The SR 15 eliminates these amplitude distortions by reshaping the code to its original SMPTE or EBU specifications Some readers operate best when time code is at a specific level The problem is that this is not necessarily the level at which it was recorded Also if this level fluctuates and or drops below the reader s threshold time code can become unreadable With the SR 15 you can adjust each output level individually so that opti mum levels can be sent to each reader These levels will remain constant regardless of input level fluctuations Since SR 15 s input threshold is lower than many readers better than 30dB it can reshape and recover time code that many synchronizers can t read Distributor Reshaper Page 21 SELECTING THE PROPER RISE TIME Per SMPTE and EBU specifications the rise time limiting is used to minimize crosstalk from time code into audio A longer rise time removes more high frequency components from its waveform However some equipment may not be able to read time code if its rise time is too long The SR 15 has three preset rise times for its output waveform 25 psec SMPTE 1psec square wave and 50 EBU Figure 17 Figure 18 Figure 19 Reshaped Code Reshaped Code Reshaped Code SMPTE setting 25 5
24. ation problem All fatal errors are reported on the front panel and activate the buzzer and the relay fatal and non fatal both appear on the report with their corresponding time code address the errors are reported on the front panel display as shown in parentheses Drop out DROP OUT Interruption of time code for less than 1 second Level has to fall below input threshold of 30dB Code Stopped CODESTOP Interruption of time code for more than 1 sec Repeated Frame DISCONT Same frame address detected twice consecutively Discontinuous address DISCONT Any non continuous address either ascending or descending Invalid Address INVALID Any non valid number such as 39 frames or 75 minutes Video Loss VID LOST Any interruption in the video signal Format Change FORM CHG Change in the time code count Wrong number of frames dropped DROP X Reports errors in Drop Frame format Indicates how many frames were dropped Change in DF status DROP CHG Reported if DF flag changes Change in Color status COLR CHG Reported if Color flag changes NON FATAL ERRORS Note some of these messages are not errors but just changes Bad Bit XX Any bit wider or narrower than 25 of time code specifications XX indicates the number of bad bits for that frame Bad Sync Word Reported if no Sync Word was detected after 256 bits Code not in Sync with Video If time code slips by more than 2 bi
25. be you didn t set it properly maybe one of the LED s is blown maybe the instructions are not clear maybe it is broken There are plenty of good reasons why your generator could generate something different than what you wanted Patch the output of your time code generator into the SR 15 and one of the SR 15 s reshaped outputs into your tape machine Through the SR 15 you can adjust the level to tape and monitor your generator At this stage if there are any errors you only have to re stripe correctly to fix the problem It could be a lot worse if discovered later You can even print a report during recording by analyzing the recorded time code off the playback head The report will show any problem with the generator or with the recording 2 Print a time code report from pre striped tapes When working with a pre striped tape you should run this time code through the SR 15 and print a complete report as soon as possible preferably before you even start the session See if the format is correct check the video phase and make sure there are no drop outs or any other type of errors If a client brings a tape with faulty time code to your studio he will usually blame your equipment for the sync problems and it can be very frustrating The time code report ends any argument before it is even started If you are a composer and you receive a work copy from a transfer house you can save a lot of aggravations by finding out about non
26. chines like the Sony APR 24 or Otari MTR 90 are quite stable and may only move 1 LSD every 5 to 10 sec c 3 4 VCR s have wow flutter specs up to 3 They can therefore fluctuate almost 1 frame the address track is usually more stable than the 2 audio tracks However a machine in good condition usually fluctuates less than 1 frames Appendix C Extracting 62 50Hz tone from 25 fr sec code To sync American film 24 fr sec to European video 25 fr sec it is sometimes useful to have a 62 50 Hz pilot tone in sync with the 25 fr sec source 62 50 is to 60 00 as 25 is to 24 The SR 15 uses 2 different conversion formulas for stripping tone one for 30 and 25 fr sec code x2 and another for 24 fr sec code x2 5 To convert 25 fr sec code into 62 50Hz tone you need the x2 5 formula You can do that by fooling the SR 15 connect a generator set to 24 fr sec into the SR 15 s front input connect your 25 fr sec time code source into the rear input set the input selector switch to Front As soon as the SR 15 has identified 24 fr sec code switch to the rear input The Stripper will use the x2 5 formula and output 62 50 Hz in sync with your 25 fr sec source Make sure the beeper is switched off since the SR 15 will report a lot of errors due to the format change Appendix D Protecting the SR 15 outputs from DC voltage on the load In remote trucks it may be necessary to protect the SR 15 outputs from DC voltage on
27. d non drop code can both be generated at a rate of 30 or 29 97 fr sec For that reason the frame rate and the drop frame status are displayed separately on the SR 15 s front panel In LTC each word is divided into 80 equal segments called bits numbered O to 79 for bit assignment see appendix G on page 28 Each bit can either be a one or a zero a one has a level shift halfway though its width a zero does not The time between each level shift can easily be calculated At 30 fr sec it is 417ys for a zero and 208 5 for a one At 25 fr sec it is 500ps for a zero and 250ys for a one At 24 fr sec it is 521 for zero and 260ys for a one Figure 10 Bit width at 30 fr sec The SR 15 has a 25 window which means that at 30 fr sec the level of a zero could remain constant for 313 to 521ps and of a one for 156 to 260ys However some VCR s distort the bit width beyond that window the one s become too narrow If the SR 15 does not recognize valid time code with a sig nal present at its input for over 1 second it switches automatically to an alternate setting to accommodate these distortions If time code is then recognized a alter nate bit width window message is reported in the time code report The SR 15 remains on this alternate setting until reset automatically or manually Page 12 Analyzer B TIME CODE VIDEO PHASE What does it mean for time code to be in
28. d regenerates a new code which has the same frame numbers Regenerating can be used to repair drop outs eliminate timing distortions or insert user bits However when regenerating it is extremely important to set the generator properly Some generators can be set to accept two reference sources one supplying the frame numbers and another supplying the clock frame rate If those two sources are not synchronous errors will be generated For example if the generator is set to regenerate time code locked to video 29 97 fr sec and the source code has a rate of 30 fr sec the generator will drop some frames to make up for the slower frame rate When transferring code by reshaping or regenerating it you should analyze the transferred code with the SR 15 to insure its integrity Page 22 Application Notes Section 3 Application notes As a general rule it is always better to know about time code problems early rather than late in a project More options are available early on to fix the problem and if it cannot be fixed and you have to start over at least less time has been wasted For this reason the SR 15 has been designed to be an integral part of your time code set up and as much as possible should always be used not just when a problem occurs Here are some specific suggestions regarding the use of the SR 15 1 When striping a tape run time code through the SR 15 Don t take your time code generator for granted May
29. ect a video monitor to this BNC connector to view the time code report or to burn a time code window in your video Relay Out In This 1 4 jack can be set up as an input or an output see Setting up the SR 15 5 jumpers If used as an output connect a remote Good Code LED to this jack If used as an input connect an external switch to this jack Parallel Port Connect a parallel printer Centronics to this port to print a time code report Serial Port RS 232 Connect a serial printer to this port to print a time code report or a computer such as a Mac or a PC to capture the report on the screen and to access the SR 15 to customize your report future software upgrade see next chapter for proper wiring Page 4 Set Up Power CAUTION BEFORE CONNECTING TO AC MAINS BE VERY SURE THAT THE CORRECT VOLTAGE IS SELECTED ON THE REAR PANEL AND THAT THE PROPER FUSE IS INSTALLED The SR 15 can operate with 115 VAC 230 VAC 50Hz 60 Hz To change selected voltage disconnect the power cord open cover of power Main fuse drawer entry module using small blade hot side screwdriver remove the plastic ud selector by pulling it out and select selector desired voltage replace selector into unit and close cover making sure drawer selected voltage appears in connector 5 Figure 2 Rear panel power entry module open window IMPORT
30. ect it to the appropriate port turn it on and set it so that it is ready to print on line When you play time code into the SR 15 a report is immediately initiated see time code report on page 17 The header is first printed as well as the format the video reference information and the start time The SR 15 then prints the title address errors and waits for errors to hap pen As soon as they occur the faulty address and a description of the error is printed An end of report is printed automatically when time code is interrupted for at least 5 seconds This includes a summary and the end time In the summary the SR 15 reports general comments such as Time Code properly synced with Video or not and non standard formats such as Color Framed Code not synced with Video or 25 Drop code etc Both serial and parallel printers can be used with the SR 15 However you should use the kind of printer that prints one line at a time such as dot matrix printers and not full page printers such as laser printers If you want to use a laser printer you should first send the report to a com puter as described below then send the report from the computer to the laser printer This would also allow you to customize the report if needed by add ing information such as the date the name of the studio the name the client etc Using a Computer with the SR 15 1 Connect the SR 15 fo a serial port of your computer see page 5
31. ed at the very end of the report Page 18 Analyzer zBAB amp eh S bbaab ssoCFCUOlAUUSSAEAkb6 hVV a Serial Time Code Addresses In some situations when analyzing time code it is useful to view each address sequentially to make sure that no frame is missing or repeated etc Pressing switch 8 on down position changes the serial port output so that instead of transmitting the regular time code report the SR 15 uses the serial port to transmit time code addresses to a computer screen These numbers are transmitted as ASCII characters The computer screen displays each time code address as read by the SR 15 one per line Whenever time code is interrupted for 1 second or more i e code stopped a line is skipped Whenever a fatal error is detected the corresponding time code address is moved one space to the right so that it can easily be found when scrolling through these addresses 00 01 20 08 00 01 20 09 00 01 20 10 00 01 20 11 Code Stopped 00 01 20 12 00 01 20 13 00 01 20 14 00 01 20 15 00 01 20 15 Fatal Error 00 01 20 16 repeated frame 00 01 20 17 00 01 20 18 00 01 20 20 Fatal Error 00 01 20 21 missing frame 00 01 20 22 This serial output should be sent to a computer with scrolling capabilities since at 30 frames per second just a few seconds will fill several screens and it would be necessary to scroll up and down to find the trouble spot
32. ee exactly if any frame is repeated or miss ing Make sure your computer has scrolling capabilities since at 30 frames per second just a few seconds will fill several screens and it would be neces sary to scroll up and down to find the trouble spot Page 24 Application Notes WHAT TO DO ONCE YOU DISCOVERED A PROBLEM There are many different types of problems that can occur with time code Many times the solution will depend of how early in the project it was dis covered Following are some very general suggestions P km Mm SOS Time code level is too low to be recognized by synchronizer Synchronizer glitches due to level fluctuations on time code track Time code is synchronous but out of phase with video Time code is non synchronous with video There is a hole in the time code track i e accidental punch in Repeated frame or missing frame The wrong time code format was recorded Reshape time code through the SR 15 Reshape time code through the SR 15 Use a delay line to delay time code until the phase display reads bit 79 Generate new time code referenced to video Use a fime code generator set to jam sync and regenerate new code Regenerate new time code Regenerate new code with a generator that can do format conversions Appendix Page 25 Appendix A Time Code Error Messages FATAL ERRORS Fatal errors are the ones considered serious enough to cause a synchroni z
33. er Display When the selector switch is set to video the first digit of the display shows which field derived from the time code address is aligned with the ID pulse If no pulse is present the SR 15 puts a dash across the first digit IMPORTANT NOTE The SR 15 does not extract the field numbers from the video signal but from the time code address z Color Frame LED If the color flag is set i e time code bit 11 is a binary one this led comes on if not it stays off Page 14 Analyzer C REPORTING TIME CODE ERRORS One of the functions of the analyzer section is to detect and report time code errors Errors considered serious enough to cause a synchronizer problem such as a repeated frame are labeled fatal by the SR 15 Others are non fatal For a complete list see appendix A on page 25 Reporting errors on the SR 15 front panel All fatal errors are reported on the front panel fatal and non fatal errors are both reported on the printed report The 8 digit display Every time the SR 15 detects a fatal error the reader is momentarily was interrupted and displays a description of the error i e Drop out etc for about 2 seconds Then it returns to its selected mode of operations time code user bits or video e After the SR 15 has detected a fatal error the first digit of the reader display blinks continuously until cleared or reset This way if you leave
34. ever the Good Code LED goes on The pins are Tip normally open Ring common Sleeve normally closed Set Up Page 5 As an input the jack is connected to the analyzer so that the SR 15 can report each closure from an external switch or relay connected to this jack along with its coinciding time code address Closure needs to be between tip and sleeve for a minimum of Yo second IMPORTANT You must use a stereo Plug TRS type since a mono plug would cause a short between ring and sleeve f SAAN m SLEEVE lt I si Relay out Event in Figure 4 1 4 Jack pins Parallel Port DB 25F Use a regular Centronics cable DB25P CEN36P to connect a porallel printer to this port gt Serial Port DB 9M Only 3 pins are used on this connector Pin 2 is RS 232 out TXD pin 3 is RS 232 in RXD pin 5 is ground To connect a computer follow the instructions below Mac make up a cable with an 8 pin mini Din connector on the rS Mac side and a 9 pin sub D female connector on the SR 15 side eu Solder the 3 pins needed as described in the table below 2 Note For convenience you can use a standard modem cable and n replace one of the Din connectors with a DB 9F Pins 4 SG and 8 RXD are usually tied on the Mac side which is OK SR 15 Mac 9 pin Sub D 8 pin Mini Din Signal Out 2 TxD 5 RxD Signal In 3 RxD 3 TxD
35. for wir ing information On the Mac you can use the Modem or the Printer port 2 Launch any communication program i e modem program set your com puter for direct connection not through phone connection select the proper serial port and set the speed and format as follows Transmission speed 9600 baud Bits per character 8 Stop bits 1 Parity None 3 The procedure to send a report to a computer is identical to the one for a printer as soon as you play time code into the SR 15 a report appears on the screen If any errors are detected they will be reported as they occur An end of report will automatically be generated as soon as input is interrupted for at least 5 seconds Analyzer Page 17 Time Code Report The time code report includes 7 sections BRAINSTORM SR 15 Ver 3 05 Time Code Distripalyzer TIME CODE REPORT 1 Header Line 1 BRAINSTORM SR15 VER Line 2 TIME CODE DISTRIPALYZER Line 3 TIME CODE REPORT Format Frame count amp drop status 24 25 30 Drop Frame or 30Non Drop Color bit status reported only if active Color Bit active Parity bit status reported only if active Parity bit active User Bits format User Bits HEX or ASCII Alternate Bit Width Window FORMAT 30 Drop Frame Color Bit active User bits HEX 01234567 VIDEO REFERENCE Present V drive at bit 79 START TIME 01 00 00 00 ADDRESS ERRORS 01 12 36 05 Drop out 01 18 41 23 B
36. ime code is so distorted that the SR 15 cannot analyze it properly If this is the case set JP7 to Rear and patch the front panel output into the front panel input use a short XLR cable With the input selector in the Front position the SR 15 analyzes the reshaped time code with the input selector in the Rear position the SR 15 analyzes the raw time code Time Code Rear Input Output 5 Source gt mm 7 RESHAPER front XLR Cable Figure 9 With JP7 in Rear position you can analyze the reshaped time code The SR 15 is shipped with the jumper in the Switched position NOTE When extracting a pilot tone from code the Stripper section always follows the front panel input selector switch regardless of JP7 s position gt Tone output Tone Code JP6 The Tone output can be converted into a sixth Time Code output if needed To do so move the shorting jumper on JP6 to the left position Code In this mode the Stripper section of the SR 15 no longer has an output The Tone pot on the front panel Stripper section controls the level of the 6th code output Tone Out XLR The SR 15 is shipped with in the Tone position Page 8 Set Up gt 1 4 Jack Relay out Event In amp JP5 The rear panel 1 4 jack can serve as an input or as an output Output setting the 1 4 jack is connected to an internal relay which is activated whenever the
37. is initiated through the serial amp parallel ports e Clear A Clear command clears some of SR 15 s displays If an error has been detected and the 1st digit of the reader is blinking clear command stops the blinking and clears the first 5 errors register i e the next error detected will now be considered to be the first error If the video code LED was blinking a clear command stops the blink and resets the LED How do you reset or clear the SR 15 Manual Reset To manually reset the SR 15 press and hold the reset button for at least 1 second The 8 digit display will say reset Auto Reset When code is interrupted for at least 5 seconds an end of report is initiated When code is reintroduced the SR 15 is automatically reset e Manual Clear Tapping the reset button while code is running clears the displays as described above Auto Clear partial When code is interrupted for at least 1 second the video code LED is automatically cleared when code is reintroduced Page 16 Analyzer OtLbPCD VULLCCO LGLLLLLLLCLGLLGQLILIKLUa G M MMSOL SNJ AiSQs R D TRANSMITTING A TIME CODE REPORT A complete report including fatal and non fatal errors as well as format information can be sent to an external printer or computer through the rear panel parallel and serial ports Using a Printer with the SR 15 To send a time code report to a printer conn
38. istakenly set to internal crystal instead of external video there would be a very slow drift between time code and video The SR 15 reports this drift as soon as time code moves by more than 2 bits with respect to F1L5 even if it is within the properly phased window On the reader display you can monitor the sync between time code and video With its selector switch in the video o position the reader shows which bit of the time code word lines up with video Field 1 Line 5 V drive ggg With synchronous code the display should read bit 79 In the real world however things are different and phase will often be slightly off For example if the display reads bit 68 or bit 07 the address track was possibly misaligned on the VCR and your synchronizer may show some slight sub frame offset i e 03 12 etc when locked to code like this So long as you are within a few bits of 79 and the bit number stays the same you should have no problems Note If V drive is at the edge of a time code bit 2 bit numbers those on either sides of that edge will flicker in the display WARNING IF THE BIT NUMBER DRIFTS TIME CODE IS ASYNCHRONOUS AND MAY BE USELESS FOR YOUR APPLICATION Analyzer Page 13 Color Framing The signals carrying color information within the video signal chrominance follow their own cyclic evolution The relationship between the color sub carrier and the video sync is too complex
39. ote truck 5 Pilot tone applications Pilot tone is often used in film work with resolvers Some digital audio workstations need a field rate square wave locked to video Pilot tone is also used as a time code safety when recording time code on track 24 also record the sync tone on track 23 If anything happens to track 24 i e accidental punch in you can use track 23 to feed a resolver to maintain speed or to resolve a generator while jamsyncing from track 24 If you need to convert 24 f s code to 30 f s strip 60 Hz from your 24 f s code patch the stripped tone into your generator s Field Rate Tone input and generate 30 f s resolved to external tone reference 6 Align your VCR s address track You can align the address track on your VCR by connecting the address track time code and the video signal into your SR 154 Select video on the reader selector switch and move the address track head until you read bit 00 then move it back a little and stop as soon as you read bit 79 This way the trailing edge of bit 79 will be aligned with F1L5 see figure 21 on page 27 7 Verify the sequence of your time code addresses If you have problems with time code and need to find out exactly what frame sequence you have press dipswitch 8 on down position and connect the serial port to a computer see page 18 The computer will display each time code address sequentially as read by the SR 15 This way you will s
40. re on the frame rate counter on page 26 Analyzer Page 11 Format vs Frame Rate The SR 15 s 4 digit display indicates frame rate Nor format There is distinc tion The format does not deal with frequency It is a way of counting at 30 fr sec the frame sequence is 28 29 00 01 etc at 25 fr sec the frame sequence is 23 24 00 01 etc at 24 fr sec the frame sequence is 22 23 00 01 etc The frame rate on the other hand does not deal with count but frequency If the tape speed varies the frame rate varies For example if a tape machine was running 5 too fast a format of 24 fr sec would have a frame rate of 25 20 fr sec Yet the format would remain 24 fr sec 29 97 vs Drop Frame Proper bit width Many people confuse 29 97 with drop frame but they are not the same thing 29 97 indicates a rate frequency and drop frame indicates a format count 29 97 time code is 30 fr sec code with a rate of 29 97 When generating 29 97 time code the generator locks to a field rate of 59 94 Hz NTSC color rate and pulls down the frame rate by 1 to 29 97 But the format or frame count remains 30 fr sec Drop Frame on the other hand is another way of counting frames It is a vari ation of 30 fr sec format invented to compensate for the color rate of 29 97 Drop frame code leaves certain frame numbers out so that one hour of code time equals one hour of stopwatch time when code is running at 29 97 Drop an
41. synchronous time code before you record any music If you do not have time to run the tape through the analyzer before the start of the session make sure that the time code is running through the SR 15 during the session 3 Run your time code through the reshaper distributor The SR 15 includes a high quality reshaper distributor Simply by sending your master time code through the SR 15 a lot of problems will be elimi nated without doing anything amplitude distortions low levels level fluctua tions ground loops mults etc Application Notes Page 23 4 Other applications for the reshaper Dubbing time code Never re record time code by direct transfer The accumulated distortions can make it very unreliable Instead if no generator is available patch your time code into the SR 15 and record the reshaped output Set the rise time switch to SMPTE or EBU as needed and adjust the output level for optimum recording Variable speed reshaping The SR 15 can reshape time code over a very wide range of speeds in forward and reverse for use with variable speed readers For high speed reshaping set the rise time to 1 psec square wave so high frequencies won t get filtered out Time code in remote trucks Long cables can induce ringing or rounding off of the signal and render time code unreadable The SR 15 can drive several hundred feet of cable and remain stable This makes it ideal for sending time code to or from a rem
42. t and Clear 15 How do you reset or clear SR 15 15 Transmitting A Time Code Report 16 Using a printer with the SR 154 sss 16 Using a computer with the SR 15 16 Time Code Report tete aio La pedis 17 Serial Time Code Addresses sss 18 2 Tone Stripper How to strip a pilot tone sss 19 How to read the frequency of the stripped tone 19 Stripper CONVERSIONS en een aerae beau 19 3 Distributor Reshaper Time Code Distribution ete tec elis aene 20 Reshaping distorted time code sss 20 Time Code Level 20 Selecting the proper rise time 21 Reshaping Vs Re generating ssssseeeeees 21 e Section 3 Application notes 22 Appendix A Time Code Error Messages sss 25 B More on the Frame Rate Counter sse 26 C Extracting 62 50Hz tone from 25 fr sec code 26 D Protecting the SR 15 s outputs from DC voltage on the load 26 E More on the video phase display 27 F Identifying color field with time code address
43. t in Relay 123 123 JP4 Figure 6 SR 15 Flow Chart with Jumpers Set Up Page 7 gt Reshaper s input Switched Rear 7 The front panel input selector switch determines which input is active front or rear This input signal is reshaped and distributed as well as analyzed by the SR 15 However in some situations it may be convenient to reshape and distribute one signal and analyze another Jumper JP7 enables you to do that by changing the reshaper s input path JP7 has 2 settings Switched and Rear In the Switched setting the input selector switch controls the input to the analyzer and the reshaper in the Rear setting the rear time code input is directly connected to the reshaper bypassing the input selector switch front panel In this mode the selector switch controls the analyzer s input only Rear Input Input 76777 Selector Switch IO gt ies ANALYZER gt 5 0 ANALYZER Front Input Front Input Figure 7 Switched position Figure 8 Rear Position RESHAPER y Rear Input RESHAPER Input With JP7 set to Rear you can analyze an auxiliary time code patched into the front panel input jack without disrupting the reshaping of the master time code patched into the rear panel input jack This feature also enables you to analyze the reshaped signal if needed Sometimes t
44. the room you will know if an error occurred while you were away After tape has been stopped code must be interrupted for at least 5 seconds the 8 digit display shows a description of the first fatal error detected for about 2 seconds After these 2 seconds it indicates where the error occurred and then alternates between the faulty address and its description If no error occurred the display alternates between a Code Stopped message and the last valid time code address View the first five errors The SR 15 keeps the first 5 errors detected in memory After time code has been stopped tap the reset button to toggle through them Each tap advances the display to the next error until the fifth one Then it returns to the first For each error the display alternates between the faulty address and its description Front panel error messages Here is a list of error messages as they are reported on the 8 digit display DROP OUT Drop out Code interruption for less than 1 second CODESTOP Code Stopped Code interruption for 1 second or more DISCONT Discontinuous Address or repeated frame INVALID Invalid Address Any non valid number such as 39 frames VID LOST Video Loss Any interruption in the video signal FORM CHG Format Change DROP X Wrong number of frames dropped X indicates the number of frames DROP CHG Change in the Drop Frame Status COLR CHG Change in the Color Frame status Analyzer
45. the load Pads are provided near the XLR out put connectors for a protective capacitor 100uf 50v should work fine such as Panasonic part No 1 1015 With it the SR 15 will drive a load of 6009 without any problem XLR OUT To install those capacitors cut the traces between the 2 center pads and solder the capacitors as shown on the drawing at right For convenience two additional capacitor Capacitor pads are provided so that by bending the leads the 199 e capacitors can be soldered from the top without Cut traces 2 places having to remove the circuit card from the chassis Appendix Page 27 Appendix E More on the video phase display When the SR 15 detects F1L5 actually F1L4 as detected by the LM1881 video sync detector it looks at which bit is in the time code working register The number of that bit is displayed in the video phase window However the highest resolution of time code is one bit which is about 417 psec while a video line is about 63 psec This means that there are approximately 6 video lines per time code bit Pol saga VIDEO mmn CODE E K Figure 21 Proper alignment of video and time code If aligning your VCR s address track with the SR 15 move the address track head until you read bit 00 then move back a little and stop as soon as you read bit 79 This way the trailing edge of bit 79 will be aligned with F1L5 Appendix F
46. to describe here but it is important to know that this relationship must be maintained during editing to avoid picture disturbance For NTSC SECAM and simple PAL editing the color sequence is spread over 4 fields 2 frames for more complex PAL editing it is spread over 8 fields 4 frames COLOR PULSE VIDEO FIELD 1 FIELD 2 FIELD 3 FIELD 4 FIELD 1 Tom 0 4 2 m m mon m mom o0 4 6 w os 2 ow 232 n FRAME FRAME B FRAME A Figure 12 NTSC 4 Field Color Sequence A color frame standard was developed for SMPTE and EBU time codes so that the position of each frame in the color sequence could be identified by using the time code address rather than the video signal see Appendix F on page 27 When generating such time code the field ID pulse from the house sync generator is fed into the time code generator The time code generator locks to that pulse so that the first time code frame of the color sequence begins at the ID pulse and sets a flag bit 11 to identify color framed time code How can you check proper color framing with the SR 15 To verify the proper color framing of your time code connect the field ID pulse from your house sync generator into SR 15 s Color ID input rear panel BNC NOTE With EBU you must let the SR 15 know if the color sequence is 4 or 8 fields long Turn dipswitch 7 on for 8 fields and off for 4 fields see page 9 c Read
47. ts with respect to video V drive Undefined Bit Set Reported if one of the undefined bits is set 5 bit 58 bits 10 amp 58 Alternate bit width window Reported if the SR 15 had to go to this setting in order to read time code see pg 11 Change in User status Reported if UB flag changes User Bit Change If User Bits messages change the first 30 different messages are reported After that the SR 15 disregards any change until reset External trigger in Reported with its coinciding time code address when tip and sleeve of the 1 4 input jack are shorted Code Restarted Follows a Code Stopped message Indicates where time code reappeared Video Restarted Follows a Video Loss message Indicates where Video reappeared Still Frame Reported if the same address is detected consecutively 3 times or more Page 26 Appendix Appendix B More on the Frame Rate Counter Since the least significant digits LSD resolution is 01 frames per second 033 any wow flutter or speed variation of your time code source is easily detected a Time code generators generally display a very steady frame rate with no fluctuation whether on internal crystal external video or tone reference A one LSD fluctuation probably would not cause any problems b Analog tape machines have typical wow flutter speed specifications of 03 to 1 or more Therefore a fluctuation of 2 or even 3 LSD is nor mal Ma
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