Home

User Manual - Gill Instruments

Contents

1. Op Wsig ig 0 Alp sig HS Research Anemometer Page 61 Issue 08 Doc No 1199 PS 0003 November 2004 Gill Instruments Ltd Micro Met Calculations Covariance UVcov U Y A GE UV n j UWcov UW UM UW 1 yWeov vw YW n j UTcov UT i i l WTcov WT 1 i 1 Alp Weov 8 9 V j j lt ji J HS Research Anemometer Page 62 Issue 08 Doc No 1199 PS 0003 November 2004 Gill Instruments Ltd Micro Met Calculations Wind C a The wind parameters in the anemometers frame of reference is translated to a natural coordinate system parallel and orthogonal to the mean wind vector Where xsig 0 1 21 W sin 4 ysig 2U V sin8cosO Ucos 6 zsig 1sin2h 21 W sindcosh W 2 2 I 1 l w U W sin V W cosO 1 u sinO v cos0y U y cos0 _______ TP 7 3 sind sd 1 UsinO sin HS Research Anemometer Page 63 Issue 08 Doc No 1199 PS 0003 November 2004 Gill Instruments Ltd Micro Met Calculations Turbulence Paramet rs Longitudinal turbulence intensity Ice x M Trans
2. tte oii tie cr e Ft eec c HR re tre 42 I 13 Wind Measurement ipie erit ehe tecti Pot cere ete Er ER ERE RE 42 11 2 Speed of Sound ir recie rit ote ap ERE n Ere e ce trt td rope 42 11 3 Envaronitnent l iet hee e PR 42 11 4 Supply Input one te EEG EP Oe EO ED Se e EE RE teer 42 11 5 Serial Interface iore ee mU Re EUER b ERE EUH e RE RUE 42 11 6 Analogue Inputs oett e e EEG EP OS EO ED PU e EE Rte 43 Bu EE 43 11 8 Anemometer Sync Output enne EEG re EU ee ERE e tere 43 11 9 OU e 43 11 10 Anemometer Power and Data Connector Hirose 20 way socket sese 43 12 POWER AND COMMUNICATIONS 44 12 1 D sk Top PED i eri a REO eo OP eO Eo REO EE 44 12 2 Connector Pm Assignments n En CE OE RO e GE ERR alee cers 44 12 3 PCL Specification eite REP e RE RR OR RR RE 46 APPENDIX 48 SUMMARY OF ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THIS 48 PACKING LIST eeri e PI act ble ied IB aeos eeu 48 OPTIONAL ene e err eH eee P E Par e epe erede cp erts 48 APPENDIX B ie ue Rad teh alae 49 Principle of 1 2 ie b eie e D dup Eee NS ere pte erae 49 APPENDIX aid niin ais ie d
3. HS Research Anemometer Doc No 1199 PS 0003 Issue 08 November 2004 Page 31 Gill Instruments Ltd 7 USING THE ANALOGUE INPUTS OF THE ANEMOMETER Six differential analogue inputs are available of 14 bit resolution A specification for these is given in Section 11 6 This feature allows the user to power extra equipment local to the anemometer and to take analogue data from that equipment The anemometer digitises the analogue data and appends it to the digital data string A sensor supply voltage is available at each connector The voltage at this connector is the supply voltage at the anemometer minus 1 5 volts The sensor supply voltage is internally regulated to 21 2 volts for anemometer supply voltages above 22 volts For sensors with a common supply and signal ground this ground should be connected to Sensor Supply In this situation Analogue Input should be connected to Sensor Supply and Analogue Ground left floating The total current drawn from the sensor supply by all the external sensors must not exceed 70mA Sensor connector pin out Sensor power Analogue input 1 3 5 Analogue ground Analogue input 1 3 5 Analogue input 2 4 6 Analogue input 2 4 6 Sensor power Chassis screen HS Research Anemometer Page 32 Issue 08 Doc No 1199 PS 0003 November 2004 Gill Instruments Ltd 8 USING THE PRT INPUT The anemometer is set up to operate with
4. See Section 5 14 5 8 Micro met Parameter Options This allows the user to select which micro meteorological parameters to display and which micro meteorological parameters to download to disk See Section 5 15 5 9 Tabular Display This gives a scrolling display of wind measurement Maximum and minimum values can be displayed Raw data can be written to disk See Section 5 16 5 10 Configure Anemometer This displays the configuration of the anemometer and allows the user to alter parameters See Section 5 17 5 11 Options This allows the user to set various options These are mostly to do with writing data to disk See Section 5 18 HS Research Anemometer Page 13 Issue 08 Doc No 1199 PS 0003 November 2004 Gill Instruments Ltd 5 12 Exit to DOS This quits the program and returns the user to the operating system 5 13 Trend Display The Trend Display provides a graphical display of wind component trends Each parameter is displayed on its own set of axes and in a unique colour The labels on the Y axis give the name of the parameter and the scale The data is displayed from left to right Each sample is displayed as a separate pixel therefore the speed of the display and the resolution of the X axis is dependent on the sample rate and the resolution of the screen The X axis is labelled in seconds When the extreme right of the screen is reached the colour of the old data changes to grey and the scale is displayed o
5. NOIO3NNOO 3SONIH 5 IIHS QNVOSIO 1 102 SNOULO3NNOD TV OL JUM 1933509 9NIMOHS Z9vz0 920 x S3A331S NVWH3TI3H ONV SNOUO3NNOO N3O10S OL 9 20 920 G I S3 3316 13 ON3 NOIO3NNOO 0 HION31 ONY NOLO3NNOO 1V L1010 920 3A3315 30 HION31 HUM MANS ONY S3YIM VAOIAIONI ISUML WWE S3MIM TYAQWONI 91815 ONY WWSZ ONJ NOIO3NNOO 0 HIV3HS N3100 XOVG AILS S3YIM 91415 ONY ISOYIH HIV3HS N31nO XOVG 4 15 X O asno SJON X 11 0351 108 X 6 03103NNO2 LON X QO 9 a www Q3sn LON i 4 0 0351 10N 4 0 4 0 4 0 fA YNY YNY 9 0 YNY 1A OND wW 0 WUO XL 58758 xy 03193NN09 LON XL 58758 58758 XY 58758 XL 58758 XH 58758 XL 58758 7 144 5 A AMdhs A 144 5 anra STUM SISSI 6z00 0z0 9 HOLIINNOI 0 AVM 1 oma OZ 3SOYIK 19920 920 Q3ISIML 0333825 9 NEVI 1INNOYI 51 YOLIINNOD Q3HS 9NuSIX
6. 000 Alt D Data Download lt Alt C gt Clear Screen lt Esc gt Exit Status OK 5 15 Micro met Parameter Options This allows the user to select which micro meteorological parameters to display and which micro meteorological parameters to download to disk It also allows the setting of various user defined parameters The calculations performed to derive these parameters are contained in Appendix B For each parameter there are two entries Each may be either a tick or a cross If the entry under the Disp label is a tick then that parameter will be displayed on the micro met parameters screen If the entry under the Log label is a tick then that parameter will be written to disk Selecting Von Karman Constant Specific Density of Air Specific Heat of Air Gravity Constant or Sample Time allows the user to edit these settings The Temperature Input setting allows sonic temperature or absolute temperature from the PT 100 to be used as the input parameter T The example screen shows what would be displayed with means of U V and W covariance of U with V covariance of U with W and covariance of V with W HS Research Anemometer Page 16 Issue 08 Doc No 1199 PS 0003 November 2004 Gill Instruments Ltd selected for display and the means U V and W selected for download to disk Selecting Exit or pressing the Esc key exits this menu and returns to the main menu 6 Micro Meteorology Optio
7. Error code history Bit Function 0 Reserved 1 Reserved 2 Reserved 3 Reserved 4 Non volatile memory error 5 PRT failed 6 Reserved 7 Reserved The error history is cleared when the user enters interactive mode HS Research Anemometer Doc No 1199 PS 0003 Page 26 Issue 08 November 2004 Gill Instruments Ltd Address 05 Transducer gain levels Bits 1 0 00 Channel pair I nominal 01 Channel pair 1 5096 10 Channel pair 1 90 11 Channel pair 1 amp 10096 Bits 3 2 00 Channel pair 2 nominal 01 Channel pair 2 5096 10 Channel pair 2 90 11 Channel pair 2 amp 10096 Bits 5 4 00 Channel pair 3 nominal 01 Channel pair 3 amp 5096 10 Channel pair 3 amp 90 11 Channel pair 3 amp 10096 Bits 7 6 Reserved Address 06 Anemometer type Bits 2 1 0 000 Single axis 001 Omnidirectional or Asymmetric 010 Three Axis Horizontal 011 Reserved 100 Reserved 101 Reserved 110 Reserved 111 Reserved Bits 7 6 5 4 3 Not used Address 07 Inclinometer X axis MSB Address 08 Inclinometer X axis LSB Address 09 Inclinometer Y axis MSB Address 10 Inclinometer Y axis LSB The above data are output as 16 bit twos complement numbers In ASCII output format two hex characters are output for each status address If an inclinometer is not fitted or faulty the above addresses are not output 6 1 4 Software commands Command Format All commands are entered as an ASCII string consisting of a mnemonic representing t
8. all characters between STX and TERM CR or lt CR gt lt LF gt user selectable These fields are defined as follows Wind Component Fields UVW format Wc U axis velocity in 0 01 ms units UU UU Wc axis velocity in 0 01msl units Wc3 W axis velocity in 0 012181 units EWW WW Polar format Wc U V plane velocity direction in relative to N DDD Wey U V plane velocity magnitude in 0 01ms units MM MM Wc3 W axis velocity in 0 01msl units EWW WWo HS Research Anemometer Page 23 Issue 08 Doc No 1199 PS 0003 November 2004 Gill Instruments Ltd Axis Speeds Ultrasonic axis 1 velocity in 0 01 ms l units XA1A1 A1A1 Wey Ultrasonic axis 2 velocity in 0 01 ms units XA5A5 A5A2 Wc3 Ultrasonic axis 3 velocity in 0 01 ms units XA3A3 A4A4 Speed of Sound Field Speed Of Sound Speed of sound in 0 01ms l units CCC CC Sonic Temperature Sonic temperature in 0 01K KKK KK or 0 01 C Absolute Temperature Field Absolute Temperature in 0 01K or 0 01 C TTT TT or 0 01 C Analogue Input Fields Analogue input value in volts v vvvv Checksum Field Exclusive OR of all characters between STX and ETX reported as ASCII hex 6 1 3 Status Fields There are a number of different status codes which give the user information about various aspects of the anemometer Each of these codes has an address field followed by a data field The addr
9. any 4 wire PRT conforming to IEC 751 or DIN 43760 Compatibility with other standards may be available on request PRT connector pin out Sensor power Analogue input 6 Analogue input 6 Analogue ground PRT excitation PRT excitation PRT sense PRT sense Sensor power 0 Chassis screen connection diagram PRT excitation PRT sense PRT 100 PRT sense PRT excitation For correct operation the PRT connections must be isolated from the rest of the system HS Research Anemometer Page 33 Issue 08 Doc No 1199 PS 0003 November 2004 Gill Instruments Ltd 9 USING THE ANALOGUE OUTPUTS 9 1 Introduction Analogue outputs can be provided by an additional analogue output card mounted inside the power supply and communications unit PCI PCIs with this card fitted have a model number 1189 PCIs without analogue outputs have a model number 1189PC The analogue output card decodes the serial message from the anemometer and generates the appropriate analogue outputs Seven analogue outputs are provided of 14 bit resolution The pin assignment and electrical specification for these is given in Section 12 9 2 Analogue outputs Channels 1 2 and Wind velocity These channels represent the wind velocity The variables represented by each channel depend on the anemometer s operating mode and are defined in the following table Output Channel Mode 1 2 3 UVW
10. each transducer axis are calculated as above If the anemometer is operating in a UVW mode a transformation is then carried out to calculate the velocities in the U V W format This transformation is given below If operating in a calibrated mode a correction operation is then applied to calibrate out the affects of the transducers and head framework The UVW processed data are then output on the serial output Vector Transformation al axis 1 velocity a2 axis 2 velocity a3 axis 3 velocity Standard vector mathematics leads to the following equations U velocity 2al a2 a3 1 9779 V velocity a3 a2 1 1420 W velocity al a2 a3 2 2555 HS Research Anemometer Page 50 Issue 08 Doc No 1199 PS 0003 November 2004 Gill Instruments Ltd APPENDIX C Sonic Temperature Measurement HS Research Anemometer Page 51 Issue 08 Doc No 1199 PS 0003 November 2004 Gill Instruments Ltd Sonic temperature measurement Document No 12100009 c Page 1l of 7 SONIC TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT ON GILL INSTRUMENTS R3 R3A Date 11 9 96 GILL AND HS ANEMOMETERS Doc 12100009 Iss C Reviewed Eon Mosse Sabu W set 1 INTRODUCTION In the past most sonic anemometers have used the times of flight on only one axis to calculate the sonic temperature However Gill Instruments R3 R3A and HS anemometers use times of flight from all three axes to derive the sonic
11. guarantee period as shown in 10 below the equipment proves to be defective by reason of faulty design workmanship or materials we undertake subject to the following terms to have the defective equipment or any parts thereof repaired or at our discretion replaced free of charge 1 The equipment shall have been purchased and used solely in accordance with standard operating instructions supplied with the equipment and the technical and or safety standards required in the country where the equipment is to be used 2 The equipment should be returned together with proof of purchase promptly on being found defective at the purchaser s risk and expense to the authorised distributor from whom the appliance was purchased or to Gill Instruments Limited if purchased from us All initial enquiries must be made through the authorised distributor except in cases where purchase was from us 3 This Guarantee shall not apply to damage caused through fire accident misuse wear and tear neglect incorrect adjustment or repair to damage caused through installation adaptation modifications or use in an improper manner or inconsistent with the operating instructions supplied with the equipment or the technical and or safety standards required in the country where the equipment is used or to damage occurring during transit to or from the purchaser 4 If at any time during the Guarantee period any parts or parts of the equipment are replaced with a part
12. measured can be set from 0 to 6 3 8 Diagnostics The system reports error codes if a failure is detected of the ultrasonic transducers non volatile memory or PRT HS Research Anemometer Page 8 Issue 08 Doc No 1199 PS 0003 November 2004 Gill Instruments Ltd 3 9 Confidence Tone If this function is enabled then normal operation is indicated by an intermittent tone within the anemometer 3 10 Result Reporting The selected parameters are blocked together along with the diagnostic results and block control information to form a result message The result message can either be in a Binary or ASCII format In the ASCII format the fields be padded to form a fixed field size if required The way the result message is transmitted is dependant on the reporting mode 1 Continuous mode the result message is transmitted immediately after calculation 2 Polled mode the host pc requests data from the anemometer The anemometer responds by sending the current result message 3 11 Interactive Mode Interactive mode is entered from measurement mode by sending the anemometer the appropriate command In this mode the user can communicate with the anemometer issuing configuration commands to the anemometer or requesting information from the anemometer 3 12 Configuration Commands Configuration commands allow the user to configure the anemometer as required The configuration parameters are held in non volatile storage allowin
13. ome ets 24 6 1 4 Software Commands ec de ta de feno a 26 7 USING THE ANALOGUE INPUTS OF THE ANEMOMETER 32 8 USING THE PRTINPU T EE HEIDE ele a 33 9 USING THE ANALOGUE OUTPUTS 34 HS Research Anemometer Page 3 Issue 08 Doc No 1199 PS 0003 November 2004 Gill Instruments Ltd OT IntrGducti n hihi ai ett date erepto beber ote Pet dor Eo eb teet 34 9 2 Analogue Outputs rd etur de eir e ee qe tre be ee t meu 34 9 3 Analogue Sync Outputs oss as tite tete a tried re E RE or bere eee Rea Uu 34 9 4 Stat s rire eed aeree qe une 34 9 5 Test Modes 34 I0 DRAWINGS ae a etel tie tte fece tiene rend eere 35 1086 M 043 Anemometer Cable Voltage Out 36 1189 K 022 Indoor PCI Unit 37 1199 K 066 3 Axis Horizontal Anemometer U V amp W Axis Definitions 38 1199 K 089 3 Axis Horizontal Anemometer Head Electronics Mounting Details 39 1210 K 068 amp HS Research Anemometer Measurement 40 Assembly Amphenol C91A Screw Lock 4 Way Socket 4l 11 TECHNICAL SPECIFICA TION
14. options menu The calculations performed are described in Appendix B Calculated parameters can be written to disk The results saved are selected in the Micro met options menu and are independent of the results displayed Pressing the Alt and D keys simultaneously Alt D will initiate a data download The user will be asked for a filename and the selected calculated parameters will be written to HS Research Anemometer Page 15 Issue 08 Doc No 1199 PS 0003 November 2004 Gill Instruments Ltd that file The format of the download is selected from the Options Menu Once a data display has been started the Alt D combination will stop the download without ending the display Pressing the Alt and keys simultaneously Alt C will clear the screen and re start the display Pressing the Esc key will stop any download that is in progress terminate the display and return the user to the main menu The example screen shows what would be displayed with mean and standard deviation U V and W covariance of U with V covariance of U with W covariance of V with W U and Cd selected for display Pressing the Esc key exits this display and returns to the main menu Micro met Parameters Gill Instruments Ltd Mean 0 40 168 m s Mean V 0 001m s Mean W 0 140 m s Usig 10 237 m s Vsig 0 166 m s Wsig 0 087 m s UVcov 0 024 m2 s2 UWcov 0 003 m2 s2 Vwcov 0 002 m2 s2 U 40 000 m s Cd 40
15. or parts not supplied or approved by us or the equipment has been dismantled or repaired by a person not authorised by us the purchaser shall not be entitled to any rights and or remedies under this guarantee 5 Under this Guarantee we will repair at our discretion replace defective equipment or any part or parts and this shall be the limit of liability under this Guarantee 6 Some product models may require adjustment and or adaptation for proper performance and safe use in countries other than the United Kingdom in accordance with local voltage requirements and safety or other technical standards imposed or recommended by applicable regulations For certain product models the cost of such adjustment or adaptation may be substantial and it may be difficult to satisfy local voltage requirements and safety or other technical standards It is strongly recommended that the purchaser investigate these local technical and safety factors before using the appliance outside the United Kingdom 7 This Guarantee shall not cover the cost of any adjustment or adaptations to meet local voltage requirements and safety or other technical standards outside the United Kingdom where these differ from those applicable in the United Kingdom 8 This Guarantee shall not apply to batteries or any other parts with a limited natural life 9 Our decision on all matters relating to complaints shall be final Any appliance or defective part which has been replaced
16. sonic temperature measurements results in the benefits identified in section 1 of this technical note The mean sonic temperature is 2 2 2 2 2 2 _ if 91 C3 i Var 7 Ts corrected ilm s 403 403 The first term in this equation is the mean of the sonic temperatures for the three measurement axes ignoring the effects of crosswind This is subsequently corrected by adding the second term which is the crosswind correction factor H 2 2 2 1 Vni Vm Teross ulii imr 3 403 403 403 8 Where Ts the mean sonic temperature for all three axes Teross Crosswind correction for sonic temperature HS Research Anemometer Page 54 Issue 08 Doc No 1199 PS 0003 November 2004 Gill Instruments Ltd Sonic temperature measurement Document No 12100009 C Page 4 of 7 Calculation of the uncorrected mean sonic temperature from the times of flight for the three axes is straightforward The crosswind correction term looks more complicated to calculate because the wind velocity vector normal to each measurement axis has to be calculated in real time at the anemometer s sampling rate However further analysis shows that the crosswind correction term can be simplified 5 CROSSWIND CORRECTION OF AVERAGED SONIC TEMPERATURE The anemometer calculates the wind velocity in terms of rectangular cartesian coordinates The alignment of the u v and w wind vectors relative to the transduc
17. specification are contained in Section 12 Pulling Test Pin 1 low causes all eight analogue outputs to simultaneously cycle through the following sequence of voltages 2 50v 1 25v 0 00v 1 25v 2 50v The outputs remain at each voltage for four seconds so that the sequence repeats every twenty seconds Pulling Test Pin 2 low causes the same sequence of voltages to be output on each channel in turn while the unused channels are held at 0 00v i e the sequence is first output on channel 1 then channel 2 then 3 etc For this test the complete sequence lasts 160 seconds HS Research Anemometer Page 35 Issue 08 Doc No 1199 PS 0003 November 2004 Gill Instruments Ltd 10 DRAWINGS HS Research Anemometer Page 36 Issue 08 Doc No 1199 PS 0003 November 2004 Gill Instruments Ltd 1086 M 043 Anemometer Cable Voltage Out 70 1 9801 INO 318 2 YILINONINY 9 0 9207 is o wows sw new L wes ie Er ioe emis se Meho 3oenoi zosi 0300Y S310N 51 130 3n8v2 lt BM Sl AB Q3023S ATN3dONd SI TI3HSXOVE SON3IX3 318vD YANO INSNI 80123NNOO 0 5 NOLO3NNOO N33N2S 05 250 TI3HSXOV8 HUM 35 ONIY 0 NIVI3H 1 8 920 0 0
18. 0 15 0 02 per C Temperature Coefficient Scale Factor 0 2 per C 11 10 Anemometer Power and Data Connector Hirose 20 way socket RS422TXB Data from anemometer RS422TXA Data from anemometer RS422RXB Data to anemometer RS422RXA Data to anemometer Connector pin Designation 1 Reserved 2 3 4 5 6 Supply V 7 Reserved 8 Reserved 9 Chassis 10 Anemometer Sync 11 Not used 12 Not used 13 Digital signal ground 14 Supply V 15 Reserved 16 Reserved 17 Reserved 18 Anemometer Sync 19 Reserved 20 Reserved HS Research Anemometer Doc No 1199 PS 0003 Issue 08 November 2004 Page 44 Gill Instruments Ltd 12 POWER AND COMMUNICATIONS INTERFACE 12 1 Desk Top PCI This unit is for use with a single research anemometer and performs the following functions DC supply for the anemometer for mains or de input Conversion of the RS422 anemometer serial data to RS232 for connection to a PC Transient protection for all anemometer connections Optional analogue output card Provision of an RS422 interface for transmission of serial data to a PC at higher baud rates or over long cables RS232 is not recommended for baud rates above 19200 baud or for cable lengths greater than 15 metres e This is a desktop unit and not suitable for outdoor use 12 2 Connector Pin Assignments Anemometer Connector 15 way D type socket Pin Designation 1 Screen 2 RS422RXB Data from anemometer 3 RS4
19. 00 00 00 00 00 03 289 04 09 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 288 74 0A 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 288 77 01 08 00 01 00 00 00 01 288 75 02 2C 00 00 00 00 00 03 288 76 03 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 288 77 04 00 00 01 00 00 00 01 288 74 05 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 288 75 01 00 00 05 00 39 00 24 288 72 0A 31 00 24 00 01 00 01 289 30 lt Alt D gt Data Download lt Alt C gt Clear Screen lt Esc gt Exit Status OK 5 17 Configure Anemometer This displays the configuration of the anemometer and allows the user to alter parameters Selecting any option except average causes a small menu to be displayed This menu offers all the possible settings for that parameter Selecting average allows the user to alter the number of firings averaged by the anemometer This can be any integer value between 1 and 250 HS Research Anemometer Page 18 Issue 08 Doc No 1199 PS 0003 November 2004 Gill Instruments Ltd The example shows the Message Mode sub menu popped up over the configuration screen Selecting EXIT or pressing the Esc key exits this menu and returns to the main menu 2 Configuration Gill Instruments Ltd Serial Number 0123456 Data Reported Reporting Speed Report Mode UVW CAL Average 10 Speed of Sound mode SPEED Baud Rate 19200 Absolute Temp Mode OFF Analogue String Format Channels enabled DDDDDD String Format BINARY Full Scale Deflect 30 ASCII Terminator CRLF Directi
20. 22TXB Data to anemometer 4 Digital OV signal ground 5 Supply V 6 Sync 7 Not used 8 Sync 9 RS422RXA Data from anemometer 10 RS422TXA Data to anemometer 11 Supply V 12 Not used 13 Not used 14 Not used 15 Not used RS232 connector 9 way D type socket Pin Designation DCD RXD data from anemometer to PC TXD data from PC to anemometer DTR Signal Ground DSR RTS CTS RS422 connector 9 way D type socket HS Research Anemometer Page 45 Issue 08 Doc No 1199 PS 0003 November 2004 Gill Instruments Ltd Pin Designation 1 Not used 2 Not used 3 Not used 4 RS422 RXA data from PC to PCI 5 Signal GND 6 RS422 TXA data from PCI to PC 7 RS422 TXB data from PCI to PC 8 RS422 RXB data from PC to PCI 9 Earth Screen D C Supply Amphenol C91A Screw Lock 4 Way Socket Pin Designation 1 PCI V 2 PCI V 3 Anemometer V 4 Anemometer V View of PCI Plug E di Auxiliary Output 9 way D type plug Pin Designation 6 Anemometer Sync 7 Anemometer Sync Recommended Line Termination Anemometer Sync SIR gt 25422 line receiver Anemometer Sync e RXOv Note The above termination is for when the receive circuit is floating relative to the anemometer If the receive circuit is referred to Anemometer Signal Ground or Anemometer Supply then the earth connection marked e should be omitted HS Re
21. 3 80193NNO2 0 AVM 310N 1348040 89920 020 v00 0t v821 N 2920 020 0309 5 030N31X3 AVM OZ ISOWIH 21810 020 OOOH 0383040 Sv HI9N31 Issue 08 November 2004 Page 37 HS Research Anemometer Doc No 1199 PS 0003 Gill Instruments Ltd Imensions 1189 K 022 Indoor PCI Unit D al the NAVY 220 7 681 ul ON 9 Qc NOLONIWA7 SNOISNAWIC LINN lOd MOOQNI 1701 1903939 TIS D 31905 ANINd013A30 X IOUVIS d up ONY 9861 SYM 9 uupcoz SvM NAO KA 253733 1943 N ILdINOS3T SSI 0 SOZ WW NI 5 5 Issue 08 November 2004 Page 38 HS Research Anemometer Doc No 1199 PS 0003 Gill Instruments Ltd 1199 K 066 3 Axis Horizontal Anemometer U V amp W Axis Definitions 990 5 6611 SNOILINISSG SIXV M ON Dad 33113AONW3NV 1VINOZIHOH SIXV uul NGLONIWA aNv39N3 96 C 3 1N3Ad013A30 HIYVISIK 2INOML233 WL Wa3N39 132382 HSINI N
22. D 09 S8419 aed 5812 5812 Q Ogl 5819 0 01 5410 0075 0 1 3WwOoS BAZ QV3H TVINOZINOH SIXY 5 2 Gol wig 7 V 2 v v LINA ONILNNOW 303 SNOliISOd Q30N3 WO233 095 XONddY 672 LINN SOINONI2313 WNAIXYA WWSOfI uuyyg 680 3 6611 STIVL3G NILNNOW LINA SOINOHIO313 aNv35N3 DN Oud IVINOZINMOH SIXV NOLINIWAT 6 SBLLINOILISOd 96 1 FE V uo 03 23H2 HSINIA 01 1v83N39 96 11 1 6 014 3SV313M 15814 5 TW18S31VH Lal oer 131905 19 AUN Noriatagsad ssl WW NI SNOISN3MIQ TU 37705 Issue 08 November 2004 Page 40 HS Research Anemometer Doc No 1199 PS 0003 Gill Instruments Ltd 1210 K 068 R3 amp HS Research Anemometer Measurement Sequence 890 7 012 ul DN eux LIUM 3194 NAVY HONV3S3M SH sun HSINIA WL Oat 30 3 035 LNAINAYNSVAN TWIN31VA 37725 3svi1M 1543 2 011 18953 1 5300 ONAS SY 5 5 SAOIAIYd S
23. ENDIX B Principle of Operation The basic time of flight operating principle is physically fundamental and provides vector measurement of air velocity dependent mainly on the dimensions and geometry of the transducer array A pair of transducers act alternately as transmitters and receivers sending pulses of high frequency ultrasound between themselves The times of flight in each direction say tl and t2 are measured If c is the speed of sound the distance between the transducers and there is an air flow v along the line of the transducers the following relationships are readily derived tl 2L c v t2 L c v By inverting and subtracting v is solved explicitly 0 5L 1 t1 1 t2 This wind vector derivation is not affected by c or any other parameters such as temperature or contaminant content Conversely c is obtained by inverting and adding c 0 5L 1 t1 1 t2 v represents the vector component of air flow resolved along the line of the pair of transducers By arranging three pairs of transducers in different orientations the direction and magnitude of the incident air flow may be unambiguously derived The transducer pairs do not have to conform to cartesian axes For optimum undisturbed airflow a non orthogonal arrangement is employed The main functions of the electronics are operation of the ultrasonics processing of raw measurement data and high level data analysis and data transmission The velocities along
24. HL 40 LAdLNO viJ3S YSMOT OL SALVOIGN 1 N YSONGSNVAL OL 43MO SILVDION 1 S3I N 5900 INIL suggo swggo 5497 T 5 Susy Supp Sul ONAS INIWINNSVIW L d 9 2 INANI 10 04 10 04 Jen 0 1 SIXV z L S 2 Issue 08 November 2004 Page 41 HS Research Anemometer Doc No 1199 PS 0003 Gill Instruments Ltd Assembly of Amphenol C91A Screw Lock 4 Way Socket Assembly of Amphenol C91A Screw Lock 4 Way Socket HS Research Anemometer Page 42 Issue 08 Doc No 1199 PS 0003 November 2004 Gill Instruments Ltd 11 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION 11 1 Wind Measurement Measurement Rate Data Output Rates Wind Speed Range Wind Speed Accuracy Wind Speed Resolution Wind Speed Offset Directional Accuracy Directional Resolution 1005 1 Full axis measurement From 0 4 to 100571 0 to 4515 lt 1 rms 0 011 lt 0 01 1 lt 1 RMS 13 11 2 Speed of Sound Measurement Measurement Rate SOS Range SOS Accuracy SOS Resolution 1005 1 Synchronous to wind measurement 300 370ms lt 0 5 For wind speeds lt 30ms 0 01ms Accuracy specifications apply for wind speeds lt 32m s and for wind incidence wit
25. INSTRUMENTS Horizontally Symmetrical Research Ultrasonic Anemometer User Manual Doc No 1199 PS 0003 Issue 08 Anemometer Software Version 2 PC Software RCOM Software Version 3 xx Gill Instruments Limited Saltmarsh Park 67 Gosport Street Lymington Hampshire SO41 9EG UK Tel 44 0 1590 613500 Fax 444 0 1590 613501 E mail anem gill co uk Website www gill co uk Gill Instruments Ltd HS Research Anemometer Page 2 Issue 08 Doc No 1199 PS 0003 November 2004 Gill Instruments Ltd I FOREWORD usn Uberti 5 2 SYSTEM INSTALLA TION engen p Re 6 2 1 Mounfting ions Ett PO ee ut RR e D e 6 2 2 uniri 6 2 3 Usinig the Inchnormieter sn ET 6 2 OTa KOLOT a Ves zu 6 2 6 e ete pee eim 6 3 SYSTEM OPERATION ii eot rt RUE ehe o be Pd e 7 Sd VETVICW p 7 3 2 Oper ting modes a ecrit ioter oor eet e retro Ee eds 7 3 3 Measurement oet easet de iret REP te e pee 7
26. Installing RCOM The RCOM program and its auxiliary files are stored on a single 3 2 disk They should be installed on the hard disk in a directory named COM To install the software type the following commands in this order For the user settings within RCOM to be stored correctly the RCOM directory must be in the root e g MD CARCOM COPY A CARCOM NB This assumes that your 32 drive is drive A and your hard disk is drive C If not replace A and C in the above commands with the drive letters for your 3 2 and hard disk drives respectively 5 3 Starting RCOM To start the RCOM Program change directory to the RCOM directory and type RCOM CD RCOM RCOM RCOM may be followed by one or more command line options The PC will search on its serial link for an anemometer When an anemometer is found the main menu is displayed 5 3 1 Command line options The RCOM program may be passed one or more command line parameters Sets the COM port to use for the anemometer Valid settings are n 1 2 3 or 4 Default is COMI CBy Serial port base address If your PC has non standard serial ports it may be necessary to set the base address of the port Usually the PC can work this out from the COM port so this command should only be needed in rare circumstances For instance to set the base address to 2F8h use the command line option 2 8 CI Serial port interrupt number Sets the interrupt IRQ number used by t
27. Micro met Parameter Options ere es rer er KKR RER rer KR 13 5 9 Tab lar Display aie Rh als ns Ae Re ite 13 5 10 Configure Anemometer ecc beet ence teen 13 RSEEOIDIUI SENE 13 5 12 DOS nem de eU PRA E A ai I na eti qp setas 14 5 13 1 15 aA I B e ES rb hti neta speret 14 5 14 Display Micro met Parameter 15 5 15 Microzmet Parameter Option Seica naanin td e 16 5 16 Tabular o ee ede i he re ripe eds 17 5 17 Configure Anenmiotneter 5 o e e ee t ge i he et He Aides iet spe reds 18 331 S OptIOdis nit aA A I a das AI ah i t ti tenet 19 5 19 StOr ge Of ni e i Up Re DE A rb Heat Addu net aha eh 20 35 20 RCOM Error MeSSages eh tame et o e e e RR eve de A Ie EE He oe HR 20 5 21 Instructions For Using The Convert 3 Binary To ASCII Conversion Utility 21 6 USING THE ANEMOMETER WITH A PC RUNNING YOUR SOFTWARE 21 6 1 Digital Serial Output Format mararian t tere Eth te ee bei 20 6 1 LBmary Result Message ceo etre te ne eene Ro de ome eth 22 6 1 2 ASCH Result Mess ge Formati eite br 23 6 13 Status ee eH tei ngar de
28. U 035 TVIXJLYW ANV1d 1VINOZINOH 3Hl Oi 50987 19 Q3N IONI 34V S3XV 5 JHL OL YFONAGSNVYL N3MOT SV Q3NIJ3Q S SIXV 3AlLISOd V IN3A3HOSV3NA H2V3 30 530 05 JHL AJILN3Q0 ONY Z 1 SH38WON IHL SALON HM ANY 21 379405 6 7 97 EL S3XV HM ANY A N Dit vu A 9 X 3593138 15013 0119142530 01 1 3195 X X Ma 4 8313WONITONI At 8313WONITONI Issue 08 November 2004 39 HS Research Anemometer Doc No 1199 PS 0003 Gill Instruments Ltd 1199 089 3 Axis Horizontal Anemometer Head Electronics Mounting Details NMOHS SY 3QISH3QNn JHL NO 3857 SYOLIJNNOD HONS O31NnOK 38 GINOHS YO OY3HUHl SW SI 2215 1708 Q30N3MMO23H 5752 X JAIM G 8 S39NYT4 ONILNNON NI 51015 7035 38 AINOHS 73318 SSTINIVIS 31811YdWOO SIVIH31VA NOISONNO2 2INYATYO Ol NMOHS SV JHL 30 QNIH38 LNOY NI l14VHS 8313WYIQ LOT 3HL OLNO ONidNVID GINOHS 8S313 ON3NY JHL UI
29. U V W Polar format Dir Mag W Axis velocities Axis Axis 2 Axis 3 For U V and W magnitude and axis velocities 2 5V represents 10 20 30 60m s as selected when configuring the anemometer For direction in polar format the 2 5V output range represents either 360 or 540 This option is also set up when configuring the anemometer either using the supplied RCOM software or using the anemometer interactive mode commands The direction representation is Output voltage V 2 5 0 833 0 40 833 42 5 360 180 0 180 540 0 180 360 540 The 540 mode avoids the output oscillating between 2 5V and 2 5V in response to a direction varying around 180 Channel4 Speed of Sound or Sonic Temperature The variable represented by this analogue output also depends on the configuration of the anemometer s speed of sound or sonic temperature The representations for each available mode are Output voltage V 2 5 1 667 0 2 5 Speed of Sound 300 311 667 335 370 Sonic temperature Kelvin 233 15 273 15 333 15 Sonic temperature Celsius 40 0 60 HS Research Anemometer Page 34 Issue 08 Doc No 1199 PS 0003 November 2004 Gill Instruments Ltd Channel 5 Absolute Temperature The voltage output at a given temperature is independent of the anemometer s temperature output configuration The following table shows the mapping between voltage and temperature Output voltage V 1 667 0 2 5 Celsi
30. U V plane velocity direction in relative to U V plane velocity magnitude in 0 01 ms units W axis velocity in 0 01 ms units Two s complement signed Axis Speeds Wc Ultrasonic axis 1 velocity in 0 01ms l units Two s complement signed Wey Ultrasonic axis 2 velocity in 0 0151 units Two s complement signed Wc3 Ultrasonic axis 3 velocity in 0 01ms l units Two s complement signed HS Research Anemometer Doc No 1199 PS 0003 Page 22 Issue 08 November 2004 Gill Instruments Ltd Speed of Sound Field Speed Of Sound Speed of sound in 0 01 ms units Unsigned Sonic Temperature Sonic temperature in 0 01K Unsigned or 0 01 C Two s complement signed Absolute Temperature Field Absolute Temperature in 0 01K Unsigned or 0 01 C Two s complement signed Analogue Input Fields Analogue input value in twos complement 0000 0 0000V FFF 44 9994V E000 5 0000V Checksum Field Exclusive OR of all bytes excluding the two start bytes 6 1 2 ASCII Result Message Format lt STX gt StaA StaD Wc4 Wco Wca4 C T A Ag ETX cc TERM where lt STX gt Start of string character ASCII value 2 StaA Status Address StaD Status Data We 1 Wind component I Wc Wind component 2 We 3 Wind component 3 C Speed of sound T Absolute temperature Analogue input 1 An Analogue input n End of string character ASCII value 3 checksum of
31. ates a failure in the non volatile EEPROM memory of the anemometer Absolute PRT failed Indicates failure of the PRT temperature probe or its associated electronics Configuration Mis match Indicates that the configuration reported by the status codes in Measurement Mode does not match that reported by the CONFIG command in Interactive Mode Anemometer Type Mis match Indicates that the anemometer type reported by the status codes does not match the anemometer type indicated by the serial number HS Research Anemometer Page 20 Issue 08 Doc No 1199 PS 0003 November 2004 Gill Instruments Ltd Transducer pair s X at n gain Indicates that one or more transducer pairs indicated by X is at a high gain setting 50 90 or 100 indicated by n 5 21 Instructions For Using The Convert 3 Binary To ASCII Conversion Utility e Convert 3 is used with RCOM the Solent R3 and HS research anemometer PC software e A binary file is converted to ASCII e DOS command line options convert3 input file name output file name soslabstlal a6lclinolnone If no output file name is specified then the output file name is used with a CSV file extension The anemometer status and wind data is always converted to ASCII e Additional data can be selected as follows sos speed of sound or sonic temperature abst absolute temperature al analogue input 1 a2 analogue input 2 a3 analogue input 3 a4 analogue input 4 a5 analogue i
32. ble Analogue Sync and Status Outputs Both Sync and status outputs conform to the following electrical specification Output Voltages high 3V to 5V referred to signal ground low IV Output resistance 100W short circuit proof Load resistance Greater than 10kW Load capacitance Between 0 and 1000pF e g 10m of coax HS Research Anemometer Page 47 Issue 08 Doc No 1199 PS 0003 November 2004 Gill Instruments Ltd Test 1 Test 2 Inputs Logic high inactive 3V to 5V or open circuit Logic low active IV The above voltages are referenced to signal ground HS Research Anemometer Page 48 Issue 08 Doc No 1199 PS 0003 November 2004 Gill Instruments Ltd APPENDIX A SUMMARY OF ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THIS MANUAL ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange PCI Power amp Communications Interface EU Electronics Unit PRT Platinum Resistance Thermometer RS232 Communications standard RS422 Communications standard SoS Speed of Sound RCOM Gill Instruments Ltd PC communications software PACKING LIST Horizontally Symmetrical Research anemometer comprising Head e Electronics Unit e 1 5m interconnecting cable PCI Case RCOM software This manual OPTIONAL EXTRAS e Connectors PCI to EU cable Available in a range of lengths Custom software on application HS Research Anemometer Page 49 Issue 08 Doc No 1199 PS 0003 November 2004 Gill Instruments Ltd APP
33. by us shall become our property 10 The Guarantee period applicable to all equipment shall be 12 months from despatch of the equipment except when term 11 below applies 11 The warranty will be extended to 18 months from the despatch of the equipment following receipt by us of a properly completed warranty card taken from the User Manual supplied with the equipment 12 Any repaired or replaced equipment shall be re delivered to the authorised distributor from whom the equipment was purchased You must arrange collection through the authorised distributor Where equipment was purchased from us you must make such arrangements with us 13 Any repaired or replaced equipment shall be subject to this Guarantee save that in relation to repaired equipment the period of either 12 months in accordance with term 10 or 18 months in accordance with term 11 shall be replaced by the expired portion of the relevant period only HS Research Anemometer Page 70 Issue 08 Doc No 1199 PS 0003 November 2004
34. can be obtained in several ways a RCOM displays this information at the bottom of the screen b By typing INCL in interactive mode see Section 6 By decoding the upper status addresses of the anemometer output message see Section 6 2 4 Corrosion Galvanic corrosion is possible unless stainless steel fixings are used for mounting the head and electronics unit This will ensure that the anemometer will provide long service under extreme conditions e g marine 2 5 Earthing For maximum protection against lightning the head must be earthed via its mountings The electronics unit and PCI should be earthed using the earth studs provided 2 6 Cabling Ensure that strain relief measures are employed when installing the anemometer cables Do not allow the whole weight of a cable to be applied to the connector HS Research Anemometer Page 6 Issue 08 Doc No 1199 PS 0003 November 2004 Gill Instruments Ltd 3 SYSTEM OPERATION 3 1 Overview 1 Data output rates up 100577 Measurement of wind velocities in excess of 30ms Wind speed accuracy 1 RMS Accurate speed of sound measurement Configuration carried out via serial port and stored in non volatile memory High speed full duplex RS422 interface operating up to 115200 baud Background diagnostics providing the user with the confidence that the unit is operating correctly 6 differential 14 bit analogue inputs and one 100 input Analogue
35. clino_x 2 short int clino_y 2 short int HS Research Anemometer Page 68 Issue 08 Doc No 1199 PS 0003 November 2004 0 10m s 1 20m s 2 30m s 3 60m s 0 360 1 540 file create time in seconds since 00 00 00 GMT January 1970 Comments O valid string 1 otherwise invalid string 2 checksum error 3 checksum error and invalid string velocity in 0 01m s direction in degrees velocity in 0 01m s velocity in 0 01m s 0 01K increments unsigned 0 01 C increments signed in 0 01m s or 0 01K increments unsigned 0 01 C increments signed analogue input in 0 01 increments in 0 01 increments Gill Instruments Ltd Notes On Binary File Format Analogue Inputs If the anemometer output string format is ASCII the analogue inputs are stored in the binary file 100uV increments from 5V to 5V If the anemometer output string format is binary then analogue inputs are stored in the binary file as follows Voltage Analogue Input Value 4 4 9994 8191 0 0000 0000 5 0000 8192 HS Research Anemometer Page 69 Issue 08 Doc No 1199 5 0003 November 2004 Gill Instruments Ltd Gill Instruments Ltd Terms of Guarantee This Guarantee is in addition to and does not in any way affect any statutory or other legal rights including but not limited to the purchaser s right to redress if the equipment is not a as described b of satisfactory quality or fit for its purpose If within the applicable
36. e expressed terms of the u v velocity components by making the substitutions velocity w 17 2 2 Mi ENE cos ow Sia 18 Which gives the following result x 2 f1 cos w Toon 45 u v 2005 19 Substituting this expression for the crosswind correction term back into equation 7 results in the following equation for Sonic temperature averaged over three measurement axes with crosswind correction applied HS Research Anemometer Page 57 Issue 08 Doc No 1199 5 0003 November 2004 Gill Instruments Ltd Sonic temperature measurement Document No 12100009 C Page 7 of 7 2 2 2 Ts corrected vi deos 20 The elevation angle of the transducer paths constant It is 45 for the R3 and R3A anemometers and 48 75 for the HS Thus for each head design the crosswind correction term for data averaged over three axes is a weighted sum of squares of the u v and w wind velocity components This is a simple calculation which can easily be carried out in the anemometer in real time For example when 45 the sonic temperature is 252 2 2 2 corrected al E Si o 21 If the R3 R3A or HS anemometer is configured to output sonic temperature then the value it produces is corrected for cross wind according to equation 20 If it is configured to output speed of so
37. e of the air is calculated according to the following equation 403 2 Finally the true temperature may calculated according to equation 3 if concurrent humidity measurements are available However the sonic anemometers manufactured by Gill Instruments do not carry out this calculation because they do not incorporate humidity sensors 2 0 32 e p 3 Where speed of sound evaluated over axis 1 di distance between transducers on axis 1 tip time of flight on axis 1 in one direction ti dew time of flight on axis 1 in other direction sonic temperature evaluated over axis 1 T true temperature Kelvin e vapour pressure of water in air P absolute pressure Equation 1 assumed that there was no crosswind i e no component of wind normal to the measurement axis However this is not a valid assumption and can result in significant error unless corrected The method of crosswind correction is described in the next section 3 CROSSWIND CORRECTION OF SONIC TEMPERATURE MEASURED ON A SINGLE AXIS The component of wind velocity normal to measurement axis 1 causes an error in the sonic temperature measurement In the Presence of such a crosswind the formulae in section 2 give sonic temperature and speed of sound values lower than the true values The reason for this is that sound arriving at the receiving transducer left the transmitting transducer heading slightly up wind and was blown bac
38. ember 2004 Page 29 Gill Instruments Ltd AOPFSD Syntax AOPFSD 10120130160 Description Specifies the analogue outputs full scale deflection Used to configure the analogue output box only POLARWRAP Syntax POLARWRAP 360 540 Description Specifies the analogue outputs polar reporting wrap angle Used to configure the analogue output box only STRFMT Syntax BINARY I ASCII PADIUNPAD Description Sets the result message string format Parameters BINARY Binary result message format ASCII ASCII result message format PAD ASCII fields padded to fixed size UNPAD ASCII fields unpadded ASCTERM Syntax ASCTERM CR I CRLF Description Sets ASCII output string terminator Parameters CR ASCII output string terminator is lt CR gt CRLF ASCII output string terminator is lt CR gt lt LF gt ECHO Syntax ECHO OFF ON Description Turns on or off character echoing Parameters OFF Turn off character echoing ON Turn on character echoing MSGMODE Syntax MSGMODE CONTI POLL Description Sets the message reporting mode Parameters CONT Result messages are reported continuously POLL Result messages are requested by the user BAUD Syntax BAUD 2400 4800 9600 I 19200 38400 57600 115200 Description Sets the serial interface baud rate Selection must be confirmed with a letter B CTONE Syntax CTONE I OFF DISABLE Description Enables an audible confidence tone Parameters Enables the confidence t
39. er axes is shown on the following diagram OT PUT In this document vector quant ties are represented by bold type The wind velocity represented in vector notation is u velocity 9 However the solution for the crosswind correction factor for data averaged over three axes is easier if the u v and w components of velocity are expressed in polar notation velocity cos w velocity velocity sin6w 10 velocity sindw HS Research Anemometer Page 55 Issue 08 Doc No 1199 5 0003 November 2004 Gill Instruments Ltd Sonic temperature measurement Document No 12100009 C Page 5 of 7 Where 0 Azimuth angle of wind measured clockwise from axis t Elevation angle of wind measured up from horizontal velocity magnitude of wind velocity The angles of the three transducer axes relative to the anemometer s u v w axes are 0 Azimuth angle of axis 1 measured clockwise from u axis 0 degrees 0 Azimuth angle of axis 2 measured clockwise from u axis 120 degrees 0 Azimuth angle of axis 3 measured clockwise from u axis 240 degrees Elevation angle of all axes measured up from horizontal 45 degrees for R3 and R3A 48 75 degrees for HS For each measurement axis the magnitude of the wind velocity component normal to the axis is equal to the magnitude of the vector product of velocity with the unit vectors in line with the axis The
40. ess field defines which particular aspect of the anemometer the following data field refers to The address fields are defined as follows StaA Status Address Address Function 00 Error codes 01 Anemometer configuration 02 Data output configuration 1 03 Data output configuration 2 04 Error code history 05 Transducer gain levels 06 Anemometer Type 07 Inclinometer X axis MSB 08 Inclinometer X axis LSB 09 Inclinometer Y axis MSB 10 Inclinometer Y axis LSB In normal operation the anemometer output cycles through the status codes 01 06 at each output sample If the anemometer detects an error then the status code 00 is displayed instead of the next cyclic status code When the error is cleared the status codes will continue to cycle from where they were interrupted If the error is caused by a transducer pair failure then the error code is displayed until the failure is rectified If the error is caused by a memory or PRT failure then after 16 consecutive failed readings the error condition is reduced to the error code history status and the error cleared HS Research Anemometer Page 24 Issue 08 Doc No 1199 PS 0003 November 2004 Gill Instruments Ltd StaD Status Data Address 00 Error codes Bit NAN gt Function Transducer pair 1 failed Transducer pair 2 failed Transducer pair 3 failed Reserved Non volatile memory error PRT failed Reserved Reserved Address 01 Anemometer con
41. figuration Bit BON 5 6 7 Function Reserved PRT fitted Reserved Inclinometer fitted 0 U V W axis definition U aligned with transducer axis I when viewed from above 1 U W axis definition U aligned with the spar Reserved Reserved Reserved Address 02 Data output configuration 1 Bits 1 0 00 Wind mode UVW 01 Wind mode axis 10 Polar 360 wrap 11 Polar 540 wrap Bits 3 2 00 10ms Full Scale Deflection 01 20ms Full Scale Deflection 10 30ms Full Scale Deflection 11 60 5 1 Full Scale Deflection Bits 5 4 00 SOS report off 01 SOS report speed of sound 10 SOS report sonic temp K 11 SOS report sonic temp C HS Research Anemometer Page 25 Issue 08 Doc No 1199 PS 0003 November 2004 Gill Instruments Ltd Bits 7 6 00 PRT temp off 01 PRT temp 10 PRT temp C 11 Reserved 12 Address 02 is repeated for 8 samples after a power on reset or exit from Interactive Mode to allow the analogue output card or custom PC software to recognise the output configuration Address 03 Data output configuration 2 Bits 2 1 0 000 No inputs enabled 001 1 input enabled 010 2 inputs enabled 011 inputs enabled 100 4 inputs enabled 101 5 inputs enabled 110 6 inputs enabled 111 Not used Bit 3 0 Reserved 1 Reserved Bits 5 4 00 Reserved 01 Reserved 10 Reserved 11 Reserved Bits 7 6 00 Reserved 01 Reserved 10 Reserved 11 Reserved Address 04
42. g the anemometer to retain it s current configuration when powered down 3 13 Interrogation Commands Interrogation commands allow the user to request various information from the anemometer HS Research Anemometer Page 9 Issue 08 Doc No 1199 PS 0003 November 2004 Gill Instruments Ltd 4 CONNECTION TO A PC OR OTHER DEVICE Connection to a PC or other device requires the use of 1 Either a standard PCI 2 Or a suitable alternative power supply and RS422 conversion unit which meets the specification of the anemometer 2 cables will be required 1 Anemometer EU to PCI 2 PCI to PC RS232 or RS422 The PCI supplies power for the anemometer and provides conversion of the RS422 signal sent by the EU and the RS232 signal required by a PC The PCI requires connection to a mains power supply or DC Computers other than IBM PC s or compatibles may require a customised cable for connection to the PCI The anemometer outputs data through a connector on the EU Data is provided in RS422 format only and reconstituted to analogue if required at the PCI Baud rate options are 1 2400 2 4800 3 9600 4 19200 5 38400 6 57600 7 115200 Data format 1 8 data 1 stop no parity HS Research Anemometer Page 10 Issue 08 Doc No 1199 PS 0003 November 2004 Gill Instruments Ltd 5 USING THE ANEMOMETER WITH A PC RUNNING RCOM 5 1 PC Requirement Minimum 286 VGA and I Mb of RAM Recommended 486 DX2 66MHz 5 2
43. he operation and zero or more parameters separated by spaces and terminated by either lt CR gt or lt CR gt lt LF gt The case of the characters in the command is ignored Commands are only valid whilst in the interactive mode with the exception of the enter interactive mode command and polled data request command HS Research Anemometer Page 27 Issue 08 Doc No 1199 PS 0003 November 2004 Gill Instruments Ltd ASCII Output String Termination The ASCII output string terminator can be configured to be either lt CR gt or lt CR gt lt LF gt The expression lt TERM gt is used to indicate either one of these string terminators Character Echo Character echo can be enabled or disabled If enabled received characters are only echoed while in interactive mode The Backspace Character The anemometer will respond to BACKSPACE character by deleting the previous character from its command buffer and echo lt BACKSPACE gt lt SPACE gt lt BACKSPACE gt The Escape Character The anemometer will respond to the 5 character by deleting all characters currently in it s command buffer and echo lt TERM gt lt TERM gt Command Responses Command responses are only issued when in interactive mode Configuration Commands On receipt of a configuration command the anemometer will respond with a validation message if the command was successfully actioned or an appropriate error message if it was not If a configura
44. he COM port Usually this is standard for COMI and COM2 IRQ4 and IRQ3 respectively There is no generally accepted defaults for COM3 and Therefore this command should only be necessary if you intend to use COM3 or or if you have a non standard COMI or HS Research Anemometer Page 11 Issue 08 Doc No 1199 PS 0003 November 2004 Gill Instruments Ltd COM2 For example instruct RCOM to seek an anemometer using interrupt 4 the command would be RCOM C3 CI4 5 3 2 Procedure if no anemometer is found If no anemometer is found then the program displays the following menu RCOM Gill Instruments Ltd WARNING No anemometer found Please ensure that the anemometer is connected And that power is available Search for Anemometer Again Change Serial Port COM2 Change Base Address 0O2F8h Change Interrupt vector 03h Exit The user should l Ensure that the anemometer is connected and powered up If you are using an indoor Power and Communications Interface PCT and the RX LED is flashing then the anemometer is powered up and communicating If the RX LED is NOT flashing it DOES NOT imply that the anemometer has no power the anemometer may be awaiting a command over the serial link Check that the COM port displayed in the above example is correct If not select option 2 on the menu and select the correct comms port Select option 1 on
45. hin 50 of horizontal 11 3 Environmental Operating Temperature Storage Temperature Relative Humidity Precipitation Altitude Moisture ingress 40 C to 60 C 50 C to 75 C 5 to 100 up to 300mm hr 0 to 3000m 5 Suitable marine environment EMC Emissions EMC Immunity Input Output Protection 11 4 Supply Input Supply Voltage Supply Current 11 5 Serial Interface Electrical Interface Baud Rates Format BS EN 50082 1 1992 BS EN 50081 1 1992 gt 0 8J 9 to 30VDC lt 300mA for 12Vdc input lt 150mA for 24Vdc input Full Duplex RS422 2400 4800 9600 19200 38400 57600 115200 8 data 1 stop bit No parity HS Research Anemometer Doc No 1199 PS 0003 Page 43 Issue 08 November 2004 Gill Instruments Ltd 11 6 Analogue Inputs Sampling Rate Diff Input Voltage Range Accuracy Resolution Common Mode Input Range Input Impedance 11 7 PRT Resolution Measurement Accuracy 1005 1 Synchronous to wind measurement 5 000V to 5 000V 20 0596 of full scale 14 bits gt 8V gt IM Ohm Differential gt IM Ohm Common Mode 0 01 lt 0 1 0 to 50 lt 0 15 40 C to 60 11 8 Anemometer Sync Output 5422 synchronous to wind measurement 11 9 Inclinometer Range Resolution Accuracy Null Repeatability Temperature Coefficient Null monotonic over 30 of tilt 0 01 0 3 for tilt angles between 10
46. il Rd dso tied aii 50 Sonic Temperature Measurement 51 APPENDIX in pre e Bar obtiene 58 Micro Met Calculations iiit tU ht de A E ei UD He EEG e e rte rop da Fees 59 APPENDIX E 4 1 pe eb e e hee eh RD ee te to e b le ep th iy RR 65 RCOM Binary Fil Format 1A AER US aate pe noia pb et Eo tete ipta iyd 65 HS Research Anemometer Page 4 Issue 08 Doc No 1199 PS 0003 November 2004 Gill Instruments Ltd 1 FOREWORD This manual refers to the Gill Instruments Ltd Horizontally Symmetrical Research Ultrasonic Anemometer It is an extremely sophisticated instrument and to achieve optimum performance we recommend that you read the whole of this manual before proceeding further with use The Solent Range is in continuous development and so specifications may be subject to change without prior notice HS Research Anemometer Page 5 Issue 08 Doc No 1199 PS 0003 November 2004 Gill Instruments Ltd 2 SYSTEM INSTALLATION 2 1 Mounting The head and electronics unit should be mounted in accordance with Drawing Number 1199 K 089 2 2 Alignment It is recommended that the head is aligned so that the upper transducer sphere is directly above the lower transducer sphere The inclinometer has been calibrated to read zero on both axes when this position is reached 2 3 Using the Inclinometer The data from the inclinometer
47. k on course thus travelling further than the straight line path length between the two transducers Reference 1 derives the correction for crosswind errors Applying the correction to the equations of section 2 gives 2 2 WE M Ts corrected 103 403 Where vm the component of wind velocity normal to axis 1 HS Research Anemometer Page 53 Issue 08 Doc No 1199 PS 0003 November 2004 Gill Instruments Ltd Sonic temperature measurement Document No 12100009 c Page 3 of 7 In other words the sonic temperature may initially calculated according to the simplified equations 1 and 2 and subsequently corrected by adding a term derived from the crosswind component 4 SONIC TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS AVERAGED OVER THREE MEASUREMENT AXES The sonic temperature may also be derived from the other two measurement axes giving the following formulae T corrected 22 A3 s2 403 403 5 2 C3 Vn3 Ts corrected 103 403 6 Where C2 speed of sound evaluated over axis 2 Ts2 sonic temperature evaluated over axis 2 2 the component of wind velocity normal to axis 2 C3 speed of sound evaluated over axis 3 Ts sonic temperature evaluated over axis 3 the component of wind velocity normal to axis 3 The axis speeds of sound are calculated by substituting the times of flight and path length for the relevant axis into equation 1 Calculating the mean of the three
48. n the right in grey The display then starts again from the left hand edge with new scale values U V W and magnitude are displayed in m sl Direction is displayed in degrees Temperatures are displayed either in Kelvin or degrees Celsius Analogue inputs are in volts Each display is scaled individually In the example below the W vector is scaled at whilst U and are scaled at 2 5 1 HS Research Anemometer Page 14 Issue 08 Doc No 1199 PS 0003 November 2004 Gill Instruments Ltd Trend Display Gill instruments Ltda lt Alt D Data Download Hl1r C Clear Screen Esc Exit Pressing the Alt and D keys simultaneously Alt D will initiate a data download The user will be asked for a filename and the raw data will be written to that file The format of the download is selected from the Options Menu Once a data display has been started the Alt D combination will stop the download without ending the display Pressing the Alt and keys simultaneously Alt C will clear the screen and start the data display from the left with new scale values Pressing the Esc key will stop any download that is in progress terminate the display and return the user to the main menu 5 14 Display Micro met Parameters Micro met Parameters screen displays micro meteorological parameters in real time The results displayed are selected and the time over which they are calculated is set in the Micro met
49. ng formats 1 U V amp W calibrated ms U V amp W uncalibrated 1 Polar amp W calibrated amp 1 Polar amp uncalibrated amp 1 Axis velocities uncalibrated ms In U V W modes the alignment of the U and V axes can be selected as follows Axis U in line with Axis I when the anemometer is viewed from above Spar U is in line with the main spar when viewed from above In this configuration U V W are labelled U The U V W axis alignment options are shown in the relevant U V W axis definition drawing in Section 10 The axis alignment can be selected using the Configuration menu within RCOM Section 5 17 or the ALIGNUVW command if using your own PC software Section 6 1 4 The speed of sound measurement results can be output in one of the following formats 1 Speed of Sound ms 2 Sonic Temperature 3 Sonic Temperature Speed of sound measurements can be disabled The absolute temperature measurement results can be output in one of the following formats 1 Absolute Temperature K 2 Absolute Temperature Absolute temperature measurements can be disabled 3 7 Analogue Input Reporting Formats If ASCII format is selected analogue input measurements are output in volts to 4 decimal places If binary format is selected analogue input measurements are output in 2 s complement The number of analogue inputs to be
50. nput 5 a6 analogue input 6 clino inclinometer x and y in 0 01 steps none anemometer status and wind data only e Analogue inputs are output in volts to 4 decimal places e If no selection of additional data is made then all the available data is converted e Areminder of the above commands can be obtained by typing convert3 help 6 USING THE ANEMOMETER WITH A PC RUNNING YOUR SOFTWARE 6 1 Digital Serial Output Format Data is sent in either binary or ASCII format as follows HS Research Anemometer Page 21 Issue 08 Doc No 1199 PS 0003 November 2004 Gill Instruments Ltd 6 1 1 Binary Result Message Format OxBA OxBA StaA StaD WciH We L We 9H We3L CH CL TH TL 1 A4L AnH cc where OxBA OxBA StaA StaD We 1 Wc Wc3 C T An Start of result message identifier 2 bytes hex value BA Status Address Status Data Wind component 1 Wind component 2 Wind component 3 Speed of sound Absolute temperature Analogue input 1 Analogue input n checksum of all bytes The checksum is an exclusive OR of all bytes excluding the 2 start bytes These fields are defined as follows Wind Component Fields UVW format Wc We Polar format We We Wc3 U axis velocity in 0 018 1 units Two s complement signed V axis velocity in 0 01 ms units Two s complement signed W axis velocity in 0 01 ms units Two s complement signed
51. ns Gill Instruments Ltd Means Natural Stand Devs Input Means Disp Log Disp Log Disp Log Mean U v xig X X Alp 1 X X Mean V v ysig X X 2 X X Mean W zig X X Alp3 X X Mean T X X Alp4 X X Turbulence Parameters Alp5 X X Stnd Devs Disp Log Disp Log tx X X Usig X X ty X X Input Stnd Devs Vsig X X tz X X Disp Log Wsig X X u X X Alplsig X X Tsig X X T X X Alpsig X X Cd X X Alpssig X X Covariances L X X Alp4sig X X Disp Log F X X Alpsig X X Uvcov X Qh X X Alp sig X X Uwcov X TKE X X Vwcov Y X Input Covariances UTcov X X Disp Log VTcovX X AlpWcov X X WTcov X X Alp2WcovX X Alp3Wcov X User Parameter Alp4WcovX X Von Karman Constant 0 40 Alp5Wcov X X Specific Density of Air 1 225 Alp WcovX X Specific Heat of Air 1004 67 Gravity Constant 9 80 Exit Sample Time Minutes 60 Use Temperature Input Sonic Temp 5 16 Tabular Display This gives a scrolling display of wind measurement The oldest results are at the top of the screen New results are added at the bottom of the screen and the whole display is scrolled upwards If all the options are turned on then the amount of data will exceed the screen width In this instance the number of decimal places used to display the analogue inputs will be reduced The data written to disc will use all decimal places and may therefore exceed eighty characters Maximum and minimum values can be displayed at the bottom of the screen Maximum and minimum are selected f
52. on Wrap Mode 360 Echo Message Mode Additional Features POLL Confidence Tone DISABLED Axis Alignment AXIS 5 18 Options This allows the user to set various options These are mostly to do with writing data to disk Selecting Output Field Separator allows the user to select what separator will be used in ASCII mode downloads The choices are Comma Space Tab or Semi Colon If the download format is set to Binary than this option has no effect Selecting Output Line Terminator allows the user to select what terminator will be used at the end of lines in ASCII mode downloads The choices are carriage return CR or carriage return and line feed CR LF If the download format is set to Binary than this option has no effect Selecting the Download format allows the user to choose whether to store data in ASCII or Binary ASCII files are suitable for reading into a text editor or spreadsheet directly They take longer to write and may require more disk space than binary files Binary data needs to be converted to ASCII by a separate program before reading into a text editor or spreadsheet The conversion program Convert 3 is supplied with the anemometer for this purpose Instructions for Convert 3 are provided in Section 5 21 The binary file format is specified in Appendix E Output Field Separator Output Line Terminator and Download format affect downloads from the trend display the micro met parameter di
53. one OFF Disables the tone until the anemometer is next powered up DISABLE Disables the tone until the function is enabled using CTONE ON HS Research Anemometer Doc No 1199 PS 0003 Issue 08 November 2004 Page 30 Gill Instruments Ltd Syntax Description HELP Syntax Description Syntax Description SN Syntax Description VER Syntax Description CONFIG Syntax Description INCL Syntax Description VERIFY Syntax Description Parameters ALIGNUVW Syntax Description Parameters Request the current results message when in polled mode HELP Reports a brief description of all the available commands HELP command Reports a description of the command requested SN Reports the anemometer s serial number VER Reports the anemometer s software version CONFIG Reports the anemometer s configuration INCL Reports the inclination of the anemometer from the vertical axis The format is XXX XX YY YY VERIFY E D Enables or disables messages to verify that commands have been carried out The verification message is the command name prefixed by V e g VAVERAGE for and AVERAGE command E enables verification messages D disables verification messages ALIGNUVW AXIS SPAR Selects UVW alignment from two alternative definitions AXIS Aligns the U axis to transducer axis 1 when viewed from above SPAR Aligns the U axis with the main spar
54. outputs representing wind speed SoS and temperature optionally fitted in PCI 3 2 Operating modes The anemometer has two operating modes 1 Measurement mode This is the normal mode of operation which is the default mode from power up 25 Interactive mode This allows the anemometer to be configured and interrogated 3 3 Measurement Mode The principle of operation is described in Appendix B The parameters sampled are determined by the anemometer s configuration and consist of 1 Wind velocity axis velocities are always sampled 2 Speed of Sound 505 3 Analogue Inputs 6 4 Absolute Temperature PRT100 The way in which the results are calculated formatted and reported depends upon the configuration of the anemometer 3 4 Sampling Wind velocity SoS and analogue inputs are sampled every 10ms in a fixed sequential pattern The PRT100 is sampled every 40ms The measurement sequence is shown in Drawing Number 1210 K 068 3 5 Averaging These samples are block averaged before being converted into results For wind speed SoS and analogue inputs the number of samples used in the block average can be set to between 1 and 250 samples The corresponding maximum number of PRT100 samples per result is 62 HS Research Anemometer Page 7 Issue 08 Doc No 1199 PS 0003 November 2004 Gill Instruments Ltd 3 6 Wind Measurement SoS and Temperature Reporting Format The wind measurement can be output in one of the followi
55. ription Parameters SOSREP Syntax Description Parameters ABSTEMP Syntax Description Parameters ANAIP Syntax Description Parameters IM Switches from measurement mode to interactive mode EXIT Exits from interactive mode back to measurement mode AVERAGE 1 250 Sets the number of samples used in the block average WINDREP UVWIPOLAR CALI UNCAL I AXIS Sets the wind measurement reporting format UVW Reports wind velocity in UVW format POLAR Reports wind velocity in polar W format AXIS Reports wind as axis velocities CAL Wind results are calibrated UNCAL Wind results are uncalibrated SOSREP OFF SPEED I SONICTEMP Sets the speed of sound reporting format OFF SOS reporting is turned off SPEED SOS is reported as speed SONICTEMP SOS is reported as sonic temperature K Sonic temperature reporting in K C Sonic temperature reporting in C ABSTEMP OFF ON KIC Enables and disables absolute temperature reporting from the PRT sensor OFF temperature reporting turned off ON PRT temperature reporting turned on K PRT temperature reporting in K C PRT temperature reporting in ANAIP lt ipno gt lt gt 6 DIE lt ipno gt 211213141516 Turns on or off the specified analogue inputs ipno Analogue input channel number D Disable specified channels E Enable specified channels HS Research Anemometer Doc No 1199 PS 0003 Issue 08 Nov
56. rom the options menus The maximum and minimum display can be cleared by pressing Alt M HS Research Anemometer Page 17 Issue 08 Doc No 1199 PS 0003 November 2004 Gill Instruments Ltd Raw data can be written to disk Pressing the Alt and D keys simultaneously Alt D will initiate a data download The user will be asked for a filename and the raw data will be written to that file The format of the download is selected from the Options Menu Once a data display has been started the Alt D combination will stop the download without ending the display Pressing the Alt and keys simultaneously Alt C will clear the screen and start the data display from the top of the screen It does not clear the maximum and minimum display Pressing the Esc key will stop any download that is in progress terminate the display and return the user to the main menu Data Display Gill Instruments Ltd Sa Sb U V SoS 04 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 288 76 05 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 288 76 06 01 00 00 00 00 00 02 289 01 07 31 00 00 00 00 00 02 288 78 08 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 288 75 09 00 00 01 00 00 00 02 288 75 0A 00 00 00 00 00 00 03 288 77 01 08 00 00 00 00 00 02 288 76 02 2C 00 00 00 00 00 02 288 74 03 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 288 78 04 00 00 01 00 00 00 01 288 76 05 00 00 00 00 01 00 01 289 04 06 01 00 00 00 00 00 02 288 75 07 31 00 00 00 00 00 03 289 06 08 00
57. search Anemometer Page 46 Issue 08 Doc No 1199 PS 0003 November 2004 Gill Instruments Ltd Analogue Output Connector 25 way D type plug Pin Designation Pin Designation 1 Analogue ground 1 14 Analogue output 1 2 Analogue ground 2 15 Analogue output 2 3 Analogue ground 3 16 Analogue output 3 4 Analogue ground 4 17 Analogue output 4 5 Analogue ground 5 18 Analogue output 5 6 Analogue ground 6 19 Analogue output 6 7 Analogue ground 7 20 Analogue output 7 8 Analogue ground 8 21 Analogue output 8 9 Test pin 1 22 Test pin 2 10 Signal ground 23 Earth 11 Earth 24 Status output 12 Signal ground 25 Sync output 13 Signal ground 12 3 PCI Specification Electrical power requirements a 100Vac 120Vac 10VA for the 115V switch position b 200Vac 250Vac 10VA for the 230V switch position c 9 30Vdc 400mA max anemometer 8 15Vdc 50mA max PCI 8 15Vdc 90mA max PCI with analogue outputs Environmental The desk top PCI is not sealed and is intended for use in a protected environment Analogue Outputs The analogue outputs have the following specification Full scale range 2 5v to 2 5v Accuracy 0 25 of full scale 9 bits Resolution 14 bits over 3 0v Settling time 2ms to 0 2546 accuracy note that the minimum time between samples is 10ms Output resistance 0 5W at frequencies below 100Hz short circuit proof Load resistance Greater than 10kW Load capacitance Between 0 and 1000pF e g up to 10m of coaxial ca
58. spindle M 7 7 3 6 Wind Measurement SoS and Temperature Reporting Format eese 8 3 7 Analogue Input Reporting Formats SEESE Eiet E 8 3 8 DIAgHOStICS De eite ete ERU RETE REGE Ee 8 Confidence FUOD e RUE HO OE RE EUER 9 3 10 Result Reporting eene ep RE e EUREN UTE 9 3 TI Interactive er tort ten Ea e C RE RUE 9 3 12 Contiguratron Commands ir ee pee pte te e EU TREE UTE Fe REGE Perieg apa 9 3 13 Interrogation Commands 9 4 CONNECTION A PC OR OTHER 10 5 USING THE ANEMOMETER WITH PC RUNNING 11 S PC Requirement iine api ase epe mE Oeo HO EO EE p RR aed 11 5 2 Installing ROOM OE DP DER ORG E 11 3 3 Startins ee REI OUI OR RD d Hp e Referat 11 5 3 1 Command line is eee eene eite dere 11 5 3 2 Procedure if no anemometer is found esses enne ener nennen nennen 12 SA Mam oe ere ta otek aoe te AAI eR es de Ne ae Ri ia 12 5 Trend Display sie mae rem AS nh ini Ri late 13 5 6 Trend Options Anis Ris sie n ie Mie se Ne ae Re ia 13 5 7 Display Micro met Parameters 13 5 8
59. splay and the tabular display Selecting Display Maxima and Minima toggles the display of maximum and minimum values in tabular display on or off HS Research Anemometer Page 19 Issue 08 Doc No 1199 PS 0003 November 2004 Gill Instruments Ltd Selecting Output Period allows the user to enter an averaging period 1 to 60 mins for use when displaying and logging data in trend and tabular display mode A time of 0 gives no averaging Averaging period selected is displayed after the status code Selecting Return to Main Menu or pressing the Esc key exits this menu and returns to the main menu 4 Options Gill Instruments Ltd 1 Output Field Separator COMMA 2 Output Line Terminator CR LF 3 Download Format ASCII 4 Display Maxima and Minima On 5 Output Period 6 Return to Main Menu 5 19 Storage of settings All menu selections that set a parameter are stored in a data file on the hard disk in a file named This prevents the users from having to re enter settings each time the program is run If this file cannot be found then default values will be used and the file created 5 20 RCOM Error Messages Transducer pair s X failed One or more transducer pairs indicated by X has failed This may be due to failure of one or both transducers or their associated electronics or due to a blockage in the ultrasonic path Non volatile memory error Indic
60. t 2 on 1 unsigned char analogue input 3 on 1 unsigned char analogue input 4 on I unsigned char analogue input 5 on 1 unsigned char analogue input 6 on 1 unsigned char HS Research Anemometer Page 67 Issue 08 Doc No 1199 PS 0003 November 2004 Comments O ASCII tabular 1 Binary tabular 2 ASCII micro met 3 Binary micro met Numeric O R3 or R3A HS S Single axis Numeric Numeric 1 to 250 OZUVW cal 1 UVW uncal 2 Polar cal 3 Polar uncal 4 axis 0 Binary 12 ASCII pad 2 ASCII unpad 0 CR 1 CRLF 0 off I on 0 continuous polled 0 on 1 off 2 disabled 0 axis 12 spar 0 off 1 speed 2 sonictemp 3 sonictemp C 0 off 1 K 2 C 0 off I on Gill Instruments Ltd Usual data type analogue output scale 1 unsigned char analogue output wrap 1 unsigned char file create time 4 unsigned long 2 Binary Data Description Number of bytes data valid invalid 1 unsigned char U or direction or axis velocity 1 2 short int V or magnitude or axis velocity 2 2 short int W or axis speed 3 2 short int Reserved 4 Reserved 4 anemometer status 1 unsigned char anemometer status address 1 unsigned char absolute temperature 2 unsigned short int or short int speed of sound sonic temperature 2 unsigned short int or short int analogue input 1 4 long analogue input 2 4 long analogue input 3 4 long analogue input 4 4 long analogue input 5 4 long analogue input 6 4 long
61. temperature This has the following advantages Noise reduction due to averaging over three axes 2 Reduction of errors caused by wind shadowing on a Single measurement axis in specific wind directions 3 Cancellation of measurement errors caused by the anemometer head bending However stiff the head assembly made some bending is inevitable in strong winds 4 Better correlation between the velocity and temperature measurements since both are derived from the same set of six transit times 55 Simpler implementation because crosswind correction can be carried out without complicated vector algebra or trigonometric functions 2 SONIC TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT FOR A SINGLE AXIS Reference 1 gives a clear description of the principle of sonic thermometry Its main results relevant to this technical note are reviewed in sections 2 and 3 before widening the discussion to cover the measurement of sonic temperature using data from three measurement axes Assuming that there is no crosswind the speed of sound is evaluated over a single measurement axis e g axis 1 according to the following formula as 2 U up down 1 HS Research Anemometer Page 52 Issue 08 Doc No 1199 PS 0003 November 2004 Gill Instruments Ltd Sonic temperature measurement Document No 12100009 C Page 2 of 7 The corresponding sonic temperature which closely approximates the virtual temperatur
62. the menu The software will seek the anemometer again If you are using an indoor Power and Communications Interface PCI the TX LED should flash during this process If it does not then either the serial port setting is wrong or there is a problem with the communication cable between the PC and the PCI If the anemometer is still not found then check that the settings of base address and interrupt vector are correct for your PC If not use options 3 amp 4 to correct them and option 1 to repeat the search for the anemometer HS Research Anemometer Page 12 Issue 08 Doc No 1199 PS 0003 November 2004 Gill Instruments Ltd 5 4 Main Menu The main menu allows the selection of primary functions 1 RCOM V1 01 Gill Instruments Ltd Trend Display Trend Options Display Micro met Parameters Micro met Parameter Options Tabular Display Configure Anemometer Options Exit to DOS DOE ON UC iss 5 5 Trend Display This provides a graphical display of wind component trends Raw data can be written to disk See Section 5 14 5 6 Trend Options This allows the user to select which parameters to display on the trend display and to select super VGA modes The software supports 800x600 and 1024x768 16 colour modes on VESA compatible super VGA cards 5 7 Display Micro met Parameters This displays micro meteorological parameters in real time Raw data and calculated parameters can be written to disk
63. three unit vectors in line with the measurement axes are cos cos unit sin6 sing 11 cos unit sin8 cos sind 4 058 cosh unit sin0 13 sind Substituting the expressions for the velocity components normal to the three transducer axes into equation 8 gives the following equation for the crosswind correction term HS Research Anemometer Page 56 Issue 08 Doc No 1199 PS 0003 November 2004 Gill Instruments Ltd Sonic temperature measurement Document No 12100009 C Page 6 of 7 Teross i x 015 velocity x unit velocity x velocity x unit 14 square of the magnitude of vector is equal to the scalar product of the vector with itself Using this relationship the crosswind correction term becomes 7 esas E x us velocity x unit velocity x unit velocity x unit velocity x unit velocity x unit velocity x unit 15 To find the expression for the crosswind correction term substitute equations 10 11 12 and 13 into equation 15 and simplify the result The intermediate calculations are not reproduced in this document because they take up a lot of space To minimise the risk of errors in the calculation the solution was found using the Maple symbolic engine included in Mathcad PLUS 5 0 The solution is Torsi velocity 5 cos w 3 16 This can b
64. tion command is entered with no data parameter the current data value is returned Interrogation Commands On receipt of an interrogation command the anemometer responds with the requested information if the command was successfully completed or an appropriate error message if it was not Invalid Combinations of Commands It is possible through the setting of various parameters to request a configuration where the required output bit rate exceeds the configured baud rate If an issued configuration command requests a parameter change that would cause the above situation an appropriate error message is generated COMMANDS The command descriptions use a modified form of the BNF format Option one option from a list separated by the vertical bar must be included in the command Q Parenthesis used to make the possible combinations unambiguous Option symbols within the square braces are optional n m Repeat the symbols inside the braces can be repeated n to m times If n is not included then 0 is implied if m is not present then infinity is implied lt gt Non literal symbol this represents other non literal and literal symbols A further definition is required to define this non literal symbol HS Research Anemometer Page 28 Issue 08 Doc No 1199 PS 0003 November 2004 Gill Instruments Ltd IM Syntax Description EXIT Syntax Description AVERAGE Syntax Description WINDREP Syntax Desc
65. und then the anemometer first calculates cross wind corrected sonic temperature according to equation 20 and then converts this into a speed of sound value by substituting the sonic temperature into equation 2 REFERENCES 1 JC Kaimal and JE Gaynor Another look at sonic thermometry Boundary Layer Meteorology 56 401 410 1991 HS Research Anemometer Page 58 Issue 08 Doc No 1199 5 0003 November 2004 Gill Instruments Ltd APPENDIX D Micro Met Calculations HS Research Anemometer Page 59 Issue 08 Doc No 1199 PS 0003 November 2004 Gill Instruments Ltd Micro Met Calculations Ti ti 1231 0002 C Inputs Results are calculated from the following raw data U V W Orthogonal components of the wind vector Temperature 84 25 85 Ay 85 analogue inputs The results are averaged over n samples Means Mean U U n i Mean Va Mean W M i Mean T T 1 n i NX Mean Alp ul gt HS Research Anemometer Page 60 Issue 08 Doc No 1199 PS 0003 November 2004 Gill Instruments Ltd Micro Met Calculations Variance wind variable A can be expressed as the sum of mean and turbulent A parts The variance of a the parameter 0 7 is equal to the mean of the square of the turbulent A part A and is defined as 1 o AY i 1 42 4 n
66. us 40 0 60 Kelvin 233 15 273 15 333 15 Channel 6 Reserved for future expansion This analogue output is not currently used Channel 7 and 8 Analogue Inputs Channels 7 and 8 echo the voltage on the lowest two analogue inputs that are enabled i e the first two in the serial data message from the anemometer The analogue inputs at the anemometer are in the range 5V The analogue outputs have a range of 2 5V The voltage output is half the analogue input value For example an analogue input of 5V is echoed at 2 5V 9 3 Analogue Sync Output A logic 1 on the Analogue Sync output indicates that the analogue outputs have settled A logic 0 is generated during the period when the analogue outputs are being updated approximately 2ms duration The pin assignment and electrical specification of the Analogue Sync output are contained in Section 12 9 4 Status Output A logic 1 on the status output indicates that the analogue outputs are valid i e the full set of configuration data have been received from the anemometer and there are no data errors for the current output data The pin assignment and electrical specification of the status output are contained in Section 12 9 5 Test Modes The analogue output system includes two self test modes They are activated by the pulling low the relevant pin on the main 25 way connector and remain active until the pin is pulled high or allowed to go open circuit The pin assignment and electrical
67. versal turbulence intensity 9 i ae M Vertical turbulence intensity ME ce M Where P T r2 772 n2 M y U F F Friction Veloci p MORE 712 Pas VI w Qsin b 1 1 istic T B WT HS Research Anemometer Page 64 Issue 08 Doc No 1199 PS 0003 November 2004 Gill Instruments Ltd Micro Met Calculations Drag Coefficient S Ju E Iml Where K von K rm n constant g acceleration due to gravity Momentum Flux F pu Where p specfic density of air Heat Flux Imi WT Where Specific heat of air at constant pressure ence Kineti per uni yo WH 2 Issue 08 Page 65 November 2004 HS Research Anemometer Doc No 1199 PS 0003 Gill Instruments Ltd Usual data type APPENDIX E RCOM Binary File Format 1 Binary File Header Description Number of bytes file type 1 unsigned char file version 1 unsigned char type 1 unsigned char serial number 4 unsigned long average 1 unsigned char wind report mode 1 unsigned char string format 1 unsigned char ascii terminator 1 unsigned char echo 1 unsigned char message mode 1 unsigned char confidence tone setting 1 unsigned char axis alignment setting 1 unsigned char speed of sound report mode 1 unsigned char absolute temperature report mode 1 unsigned char analogue input 1 on 1 unsigned char analogue inpu

Download Pdf Manuals

Related Search

Related Contents

HDMI Video Wall over IP Extender  OBIS Safety And Emissions Analyzer - Snap    Bosch GWS 15-125 CI  CONTENTS  Panasonic TH-42LF20E  BA6020 Operating Instructions BRINKMANN Immersion Pumps TA  TopSURV 8  INSTALLATION & USER GUIDE - Dansk  

Copyright © All rights reserved. Failed to retrieve file