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Glossary - Indiana University

1. Also called ALTERNATE POSITION LINES Lines consisting of one long and two short dashes evenly spaced terminating in a long line used to indicate an additional position of a part or object Continued on next page Al 44 Glossary Continued P Continued PHANTOM VIEW A view showing an alternate position of a movable object PHOTOGRAPHIC TYPESETTIHIS SeeTY PESETTERS PHOTOGRAPHIC PHOTOLE ITERING A method of simulating hand lettering or display type by photographic means PHOTOLITHOGRAPHY Thetransferring of a drawing toa lithographic plate by photography PHOTOMECHANICAL Pertaining to any process of printing or duplicating images by mechanical means from a photographically prepared printing plate PHOTOSTAT Also called STAT A photographic image recorded by a camera so constructed that it photographs and develops directly on paper in negative values PHOTOTYPE Typeset by photographic means PICA A unit of measure equal to 12 points or 1 6 of an inch PICKUP A square of gum rubber used to remove excess rubber cement PICTORIAL DRAWING Any drawing that depicts an object with recognizable clarity PICTURE AREA The flat surface within the borders of a picture PICTURE MORGUE Also called MORGUE See CLIP ART PICTURE PLANE An imaginary plane placed between the observer and the object usually at right angles to an observer s line of vision PIE CHART SeePERCENTAGE CHART
2. g 4 7 A 3 g 7 VA 7 7 y g 7 y g 7 7 Y 1997 Edition Prepared by DMCS SW Sandra M Bryan ASSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SSH HTT TN Se ES TT SS S Introduction the training manual The nonresident training course 1997 Edition PREFACE The Illustrator Draftsman DM training manual TRAMAN NAVEDTRA 12720 is the first in a series of four DM training manuals With its separate nonresident training courses NRTCs NAVEDTRA 72720 and 82720 it forms a self study package for enlisted personne of the Illustrator Draftsman DM rating and provides information in support of DM Occupational Standards Volume 1 entitled Equipment includes the following topics general shop administration available equipment required operator adjustments and equipment maintenance The NRTC consists of questions designed to help you the student understand the TRAMAN Before beginning serious study you may find it helpful to browse the entire package Prepared by the Naval Education and Training Professional Development and Technology Center Pensacola Florida for the Chief of Naval Education and Training Published by the Naval Education and Training Professional Development and Technology Center United States Government Printing Office Washington D C 1997 THE UNITED STATES NAVY GUARDIAN OF OUR COUNTRY The United States Navy is responsible for maintaining control of the sea andis a ready force on
3. Continued on next page 5 29 Briefing Theater Continued Lighting DURING THE PRESENTATION After the welcoming of the audience and Continued the introduction of the speaker the lights in front of the screen are turned off to prevent glare on the screen and interference with the contrast of the projected image The light on the speaker remains on as does the light in back of the audience This remaining light slightly lessens the contrast of the projected image reducing eyestrain providing light for note taking and creating a social ambience within the theater AFTER THE PRESENTATION After the presentation the lights behind the audience are turned off the lights above the audience are turned on the light on the speaker remains on and the light over the screen remains off shows the position of lights in the briefing theater DMNPO124 Figure 5 13 Lights in a briefing theater Continued on next page 5 30 Briefing Theater Continued Speakers Facilities Scheduling Mechanical environment Equipment Place the speakers in the theater in front of and facing the audience Place the speakers as far forward of the lectern as possible to prevent squeal or feedback Make sure the speaker wire does not present a trip hazard Make sure the briefing theater conference room or classroom is near head facilities If gedunk machines or a smoker s lounge are nearby so much the better Presentations run smooth
4. Continued on next page Al 45 Glossary Continued P Continued PIGMENT Dry color matter that becomes paint when mixed with a vehicle or binder PINHOLE A small light spot that appears on a developed photographic negative resulting from particles of dust and lint on the unexposed negative the camera lens the vacuum board glass or other parts of the camera PIN REGISTER A method of holding elements in place in overlay work and animation PIXEL Also called PICTURE ELEMENT A small bit of digital data from a computer screen PIXEL MAP Also called BIT MAP A matrix of pixels that forma digital image on the computer screen PIXELATED Having jagged edges PIXELATION Specifying the size of a pixel on the computer screen PLAIN TITLE CARD Printed information only on a card for television transmission of credit lines PLAN VIEW A view of an object or area as it would appear if viewed from directly above PLANE A flat surface PLANNING CARDS A small card containing a idea or point placed in sequence on a storyboard PLAT A map or plan view of a lot showing principal features boundaries and location of structures PLATE FINISH A smooth surfaced paper PLY A single layer of drawing paper Continued on next page Al 46 Glossary Continued P Continued POINT A standard type measure of 1 72 of an inch or 72 points equals 6 picas POLYMER Paints that have
5. PARTIAL SECTION A sectional view consisting of less than a half section PASTEL 1 A dry pigment mixed with a variety of binders to forma stick or crayon for application to a picture surface 2 A picture executed in the pastel medium Continued on next page Al 43 Glossary Continued P Continued PASTE UP The process of pasting an image or part of an image on a reproduction page or sheet before photographing for platemaking or printing PATTERN 1 The regular or irregular distribution or arrangement of elements 2 Regularly repeated flat designs used to create two dimensional textures PENS PLOTTER A pen nib or jet spray attached toa plotter output device PENS STEEL BRUSH Steel pen nibs designed to create large poster size lettering PENS TECHNICAL Conical or tubular tipped pen nibs designed to produce a consistently even line of a predetermined weight in a standard or metric measurement available with and without a reservoir PENTAGON A fivesided figure generally having equal sides and angles PERCENTAGE CHART Also called PIE CHART A circular chart divided into wedges whose sum equals 100 or 360 PERPENDICULAR A vertical line meeting or intersecting a horizontal line at 90 PERSONIFICATION Attributing human qualities to animals or inanimate objects PERSPECTIVE The visual impression of lines moving doser together as distance increases PHANTOM LINES
6. 4 s 8 10 12 je o 2 4 6 8 10 12 4 16 18 A j 2 4 6 a 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 NOTE EACH SCALE REPRESENTS ANY QUANTIFIABLE ITEM IN MUTIPLES OF TEN Figure 2 63 Chain or civil engineer s scale Continued on next page 2 53 Scales Continued Types of scales Using the scale Indicating scale MECHANICAL ENGINEER S SCALE Mechanical engineer s scales are used for small machine parts not less than one eighth scale These scales are double numbered To use any scale lay the scale on a surface parallel to a line Use a sharp pendl to mark all measurements before moving the scale Your moving the scale for each measurement increases the likelihood of a cumulative error Indicate the measurements with a sharp pencil or pin prick Do not draw against the machined increments of the scale or use it as a cutting edge Figure 2 64 illustrates the use of a pinpoint to indicate measurements Figure 2 64 Measuring increments on a triangular scale Indicating scale on a drawing expresses the ratio of the item to the drawing It lends perspective to the viewer by providing a reference point The three ways to indicate the scale on a drawing are the factional method the equation method and the graphic method FRACTIONAL METHOD The tractional method is indicated by a fraction or ratio The drawing unit is the numerator and the object is the denominator EQUATION METHOD Scale indicated by feet and inches i
7. ATTITUDE A position or action of the body or part of the body that approximates an emotion character or personality ATTRIBUTES OF MEDIA Specific characteristics of a chosen medium AUDIO Sound that is heard AUDIO TUTORIAL Also called AT Instructions given to a student that uses primarily sound AUDITABLE PICTURE ADVANCE SIGNAL An auditable signal that indicates the moment to change the image to another AUTO TRACE A software option that allows the tracing of one image into another file option AUXILIARY VIEW A drawing showing the true shape of objects that have features not parallel to the three prindpal planes of projection AXONOMETRIC PROJ ECTION A drawing that shows the inclined position of an object in an isometric dimetric or trimetric format BACKGROUND ART Design texture pattern or other form of artwork used to create a background effect for type and illustration Continued on next page Al 4 Glossary Continued B Continued BACKUP The registration of two sides of a printed sheet BALANCE A harmonious arrangement of the various components in a picture plane in a symmetrical formal or asymmetrical informal format BALL AND SOCKET J OINT A flexible joint that rotates in all directions BALLOON 1 A space containing the words spoken by cartoon characters 2 A distortable shape used as a base to draw a cartoon head BALLOON LETTERING Informal single
8. INDEX Continued I Continued Input Output Devices 3 27 modems _ 3 27 Local Area Networks LAN 3 38 Wide Area Networks WAN 3 38 J J ob Orders 1 50 format 1 50 job order log 1 50 local forms 1 50 standard job order forms 1 51 1 52 L Lecture Aids 5 21 chalkboards 5 22 easels 5 23 flannel felt boards 5 21 hook and loop boards 5 22 lectern or podium 5 21 marker multi purpose boar ds 5 22 M Multimedial_5 20 o Output Devices 3 19 film recorders impact printers 3 20 monitors 3 19 nonimpact printers 22413 24 plotters 3 1 printers printer control 3 23 printer loading 3 24 3 25 Continued on next page INDEX 5 INDEX Continued P Pencils 2 61 care 2 61 drawing pencils 2 61 hardness 2 61 lead composition 2 62 special purpose pencils _2 63 Pens 2 32 care 2 36 pen nibs 2 32 reservoir pend 2 341 234 229 295 Phototypesetters chemistry 4 21 digitized typesetters 4 19 LASER typesetters 4 19 maintenance 4 17 processors 4 20 typesetter generations 4 18 work flow 4 21 Pressure Process Lettering Machines 4 22 automatic cutout images 4 25 automatic machines 4 23 carbon tape 4 25 cutout tape_4 25 4 26 manual cutout image 4 24 manual machines _4 22 Projection Devices 5 3 monitors 5 17 5 9 portable overhead projectors projector racks 5 17 slide projectors
9. NAVEDTRA 12720 a Naval Education and January 1997 Training Manual Training Command 0502 LP 481 6800 TRAMAN Illustrator Draftsman Volume 1 Equipment DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A Approved for public release distribution is unlimited The public may request copies of this document by following the purchasing instruction on the inside cover RAO 2LP48168 Although the words he him and his are used sparingly in this manual to enhance communication they are not intended to be gender driven nor to affront or discriminate against anyone reading this text DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A Approved for public release distribution is unlimited The public may request copies of this document by writing to Superintendent of Documents Government Printing Office Washington DC 20402 0001 or to the Naval Inventory Control Point NAVICP Cog I Material Attention Cash Sales 700 Robbins Avenue Philadelphia PA 19111 5098 SSSSSSSSASAAANSANARAAAAAANAAANAAASAAASARARARAAAARANAAARARRARAAARARARAARAAAAAARAA RANA AAALAC EAREEARE SCAR ANNZ 4 ILLUSTRATOR DRAFTSMAN VOLUME 1 EQUIPMENT NAVEDTRA 12720 S 7 A 4 2 7 4 2 7 A VA 4 A A VA 4 4 4 4 VA 2 4 4 4 7 7 4 Y rA A y A VA 2 4 4 YA YA YA 2 YA 4 A 4 YA vA 4 A YA 4 8 4 7 YA B A 7 4 B Z 4 B 4 4 2 7 4 Z 4 7 7 7 4 4 4 4 vA 7 7 4 3 4 4s 4 A vA 4 4 4 PA 4 4 4 4 7 7 4 4 A 4 4
10. To remove bulb el Oo emm O To replace bulb Wipe new bulb with lint free cloth to remove all hand oils and perspiration Protect bulb with cloth or wear a lint free glove when handling Align socket and insert bulb 4 Replace spring clip Continued on next page 5 11 Projection Devices Continued Portable Portable overhead projectors are similar to overhead projectors Portable overhead projectors fold into a self protecting carrying case The on off switch has a projectors third position which allows the blower to remain on after the projector bulb is turned off Also the bulb is more intense and has a shorter life The use and care of a portable overhead projector is the same as for a regular overhead projector shows a few of the many types of portable overhead projectors available Figure 5 5 Portable overhead projectors Continued on next page 5 12 Projection Devices Continued Slide projectors Slide projectors are the most common still picture projectors found in Nomenclature military commands The operation of slide projectors is simple and universal These projectors project an image from 35mm or 126mm slide film in a 2 by 2 inch slide mount Some projectors can project super slide film in the 127mm format Slide projectors are used in teaching briefing and as a draftsman s aid in enlarging images The limitations of a slide projector are that the feed mechanism eas
11. ke 1 5 gt 6 4 Q 4 2 0 DOUBLED NUMBERED Figure 2 61 Incremental divisions Continued on next page 2 51 Scales Continued Types of scales Architect scales are the most common in a Navy Drafting shop followed by the chain or civil engineer s scale Mechanical engineer s scales are also found in some shops ARCHITECT S SCALE This scale is the most common because it measures increments in terms of feet and inches It has eleven scales on six scale faces All scale faces are double numbered except for the 16 scale which stands alone The 16 scale equates to a standard ruler The architect s scale is open divided with the fully subdivided increment divided into 12 inches Lay off feet using the main scale to the right of the 0 mark Lay off inches from the subdivided increment to the left of the 0 mark Figure 2 62 shows the scales on an architect s scale 2 3 pi galoj my a R ouu 4a 0 j ae Tsy 1 1 ale i u NOTE 16 SCALE IS SUBDIVIDED INTO SIXTEENTHS OTHERS ARE SUBDIVIDED INTO TWELFTHS Figure 2 62 Faces on an architect s scale 2 52 Continued on next page Scales Continued Types of scales CHAIN or CIVIL ENGINEER S SCALE This scale is ideal for graphs It may represent any measurable quantity in multiples of 10 It has six scale faces fully divided into decimal units Figure 2 63 shows scales from a chain or dvil engineer s scale 0 1 2 3 6 2 4 6 8 10 en
12. s request The inspectors have a set of standards or guidelines for format size lettering and standard drafting practices If the job requires support from other shops they check to see if those shops will have problems handling the job 1 54 Summary Review Comments This chapter briefly covered shop layout and the importance of the physical environment in the shop There is a list of regulations and forms that have a direct influence on the operation of the shop and your professional knowledge Files and supply are site specific Good supervision requires constant application and refinement J ob orders customer service and quality control are as important to a shop as good supervision Run your shop as if it needed to show a profit or as if it were your shop in the civilian sector Remember your reputation depends on a quality end product and prompt courteous customer service Thoroughly understand regulations those that apply to how a shop is run and those that apply to you and your workers as Navy personnel A solid foundation in Graphic Design Standards copyright regulations and printing regulations is imperative Stay abreast of new instructions in the field of computer generated graphics and electronic imagery manipulation hazardous waste and precious metals Practice the core values of honesty integrity and courage in every transaction with every person Go home at the end of the day confident that you have do
13. situations or symbology in a picture Continued on next page Al 38 Glossary Continued M Continued MORGUE SeePICTURE MORGUE CLIP ART or RESEARCH FILE MOUNT To fasten onto another surface MOUNTING AND FLAPPING Fastening original artwork or copy toa board allowing sufficient excess around the picture borders to accommodate attaching a protective overlay along one side MOUNTING BOARD Heavy paper boards used as backboards to support drawings paintings and photographs MOUSE A hand held computer input device that allows rapid movement and selection MULTIMEDIA Also called MEDIA INTEGRATION A combination of presentation devices used in the same presentation MULTIPURPOSE BOARD A briefing board with a slick bright white surface that accepts erasable marker marker and magnetic backed accessories MUNSELL COLOR SYSTEM A system of color analysis and identification that distinguishes between the three measurable dimensions of hue value and chroma intensity MURAL Any picture painted or freed permanently on a wall or ceiling MYLAR Tough highly stable polyester film used as a base for engineering drawings laminating overlays and a wide variety of other applications NARRATION Also called VOICE OVER The description or commentary that accompanies television and video presentations NCR PAPER No Carbon Required paper chemically coated paper that transfers a copy
14. 1983 Biow Lisa How To Use Your Computer Ziff Davis Press Emeryville CA 1993 Kenny Michael F Presenting Yoursdf J ohn Wiley and Sons Inc New York NY 1982 Kenny Michael F and Raymond F Schmitt The Book of Programmed Multi I mage Production Eastman Kodak Company Rochester NY 1979 Kemp J errold E and Don C Smellie Planning Producing and Using Instructional Technologies 7th ed Harpercollins College Publishers New York NY 1994 Continued on next page All 3 References Used To Develop The TRAMAN Continued Chapter 4 Dennis Ervin A and J ohn D J enkins Comprehensive Graphic Arts 2d ed Glencoe Publishing Company Mission Hills CA 1983 Seybold J ohn W The World of Digital Typesetting Seybold Publications Inc Media PA 1984 Kemp J errold E and Don C Smellie Planning Producing and Using Instructional Technologies 7th ed Harpercollins College Publishers New York NY 1994 Olsen Gary Getting Started in Computer Graphics North Light Books F amp W Publications Inc Cincinnati OH 1993 All 4 INDEX Audio Devices 5 19 cassette decks 5 19 speakers 5 19 Basic Consumables 2 64 blades 2 68 cutting mats 2 67 erasers 2 64 2 65 2 66 erasing shields 2 67 stumps and tortillons 2 67 Briefing Theater 5 29 environment 5 29 equipment positioning 5 31 5 32 facilities 5 31 lectern positioning 5 33 lighting 5 29 5 30 mechani
15. 4 Draw line BD Using four points of reference decreases the possibility of error in measurement Figure 2 51jillustrates the stability of a four point reference system DMNPOOSO Figure 2 51 Protracting an angle using four point reference Continued on next page 2 43 Drawing Aids Continued Templates Frequently drawn symbols are drawn with the aid of a template Templates are thin plastic sheets with symbols and shapes cut out Usually transparent they are available in a great variety Keep templates clean and back them up with an ink riser if they do not have one Figure 2 52 shows a collage of templates by several manufacturers Figure 2 52 Templates Continued on next page 2 44 Drawing Aids Continued Handmade Sometimes DMs require a symbol repeatedly and there is not a template templates manufactured for it In this case a DM will have to make one Medium to heavy acetate sheet metal or cardboard will suffice as template material To make a template follow this table Za Draw symbol one pencil width larger than desired dimension Use a sharp blade to cut outline Clean edges with sandpaper taking care not to enlarge symbol unnecessarily Figure 2 53 shows a template in the drawing stage DMNPo062 Figure 2 53 Draw symbol one pencil width larger than desired dimension Continued on next page 2 45 Drawing Aids Continued Ink risers The purpose of
16. 45 degree triangle creates eleven other angles Triangles may or may not have an ink riser to prevent the flow of ink under the triangle edge Plastic triangles are the easiest to use because you can see the work through them Figure 2 43 illustrates the angles created when you use combinations of a 30 60 and a 45 degree triangles Figure 2 43 Common angle combinations Continued on next page 2 37 Drawing aids Continued Triangles Figure 2 44 shows two standard triangles continued NN 0 as 0 A 45 TRIANGLE 30 60 TRIANGLE OMNPOO4S Figure 2 44 Drafting triangles Adjustable Usean adjustable triangle for drawing lines inclined at irregular angles to the triangles horizontal This type of triangle has a set of scales for measuring off an angle and a thumbscrew for setting the angle Care for an adjustable triangle as you would other triangles Figure 2 45 Shows an adjustable triangle Figure 2 45 An adjustable triangle Continued on next page 2 38 Drawing Aids Continued Irregular The two types of irregular curves common to a Navy Graphics shop are curves radius curves sometimes called railroad curves and french curves RADIUS CURVES Radius curves are used for drawing large arcs The radius of these arcs are from 1 1 2 to 1 000 inches Some radius curves have a flat segment on one end called a tangent Figure 2 46 shows radius curves Figure 2 46 Radius curves FREN
17. Al 64 Glossary Continued V Continued VERTICAL SCAN RATE Also called FRAME RATE The number of times per second a screen redraws an image VIDEO DIGITIZING CAMERA A camera or film recorder attached to the front of a CRT screen used to record images VIDEO DISPLAY TERMINAL VDT A visual display used in photocomposition work in conjunction with a keyboard VIEWING PLANE LINE SeeCUTTING PLANE LINE VIEWGRAPH See PROJ ECTURAL VIEWPOINT The eye level of the viewer and the distance from the scene VIGNETTE Fading an image from heavier to lighter tones blending it into the background or eliminating the background altogether VISIBLE LINE The outline used for all edges seen by the eye VISUALIZING PAPER A white semitransparent paper used for making layouts and preliminary drawings VISUAL LITERACY The ability to communicate effectively using only visual language WARM COLORS Colors associated with heat or fire WASH A monochromatic rendering with a brush and transparent watercolor WASH DRAWING A watercolor painting consisting mainly of washes WATERCOLOR A dry pigment bound by an adhesive such as gum arabic and applied greatly reduced by water to a surface in a transparent fashion Continued on next page Al 65 Glossary Continued W Continued WAXER A device that applies a thin layer of hot adhesive wax to the back of a surface WET BRUSH A blending t
18. Approved VI activities have a five digit authorization number for finding and billeting This number called a DVIAN number identifies major commands and individual activities of the VI community This instruction requires each shop to submit a visual information report annually The visual information VI report accounts and justifies funding and billet assignments Study this instruction in its entirety Definitions of production guidelines and report requirements must be thoroughly understood before you submit the myriad of forms associated with it Continued on next page 1 16 Regulations Continued OPNAVINST Figure 1 7 shows a customer request to initial production for an audiovisual 5290 1 Naval product Imaging Program NAVIMP Policy and e Figure 1 7 VI Production Request Continued on next page 1 17 Regulations Continued OPNAVINST Figure 1 8 shows the extensive amount of research and consideration given to 5290 1 Naval a customer request for a visual information product before approval or Imaging disapproval Program NAVIMP Policy and Responsibilities Continued SECTION B VALIDATION BY FUNCTIONAL MANAGEMENT SECTION C APPROVAL BY VISUAL INFORMATION V1 MANAGEMENT re Lee eee ee __ pear ie ey Terres a OT earn neces _ ce to ormone of we Te exemenon Tee ae ea Ae f I Pann Se
19. Carbon pencils tend to smear if they are not freed by a commerdal fixative CHARCOAL PENCILS Charcoal pencils are not always found in a wood casing Charcoal is available as sticks and in powder form Charcoal produces a dense dull black line LITHOGRAPHIC PENCILS This pencil produces a dense black line which tends to be greasy Its primary purpose is marking lithographic plates but it also marks well on glass and plastics COLOR PENCILS In a color pencil pigment determines the color of the line and binder determines whether it is water soluble or waterproof Some binders have a waxy binder that makes it difficult to erase or blend them PASTEL PENCILS Once available only in stick form pastels are now in pendl form The characteristics of the pastel pigment remain the same In the pastel the pigment may be dry or oil based They leave a dull chalky line and come in many colors Pastels more popular form is still in sticks and powder 2 62 Pencils Special purpose Special purpose pencils are those pencils that are nonreproducing or have pencils waxed based cores Use a nonreproducible blue pencil for layout work intended for black and white reproduction Most black and white photographic films are blind to the light sky blue color and will not record it on the negative Nonreprodudng lithographic pencils are dark violet in color Used on a lithographic plate this pencil will not appear in the finished product Waxed based
20. Continued on next page 55 Projection Devices Continued Nomenclature An opaque projector is an indirect projection system that uses a composite of highly polished mirrored surfaces to reflect light from an object through a lens onto a screen Other parts of the opaque projector include an on off switch a high intensity 1 000 watt bulb an optical pointer a focusing knob a roll feed assembly a platen assembly and a fuse holder Most parts and their functions are self explanatory except for the roll feed assembly and the platen assembly ROLL FEED ASSEMBLY The roll feed assembly works like a conveyor belt to slide objects into the projection platform Located on the platen assembly it permits movement from left to right when you turn a hand crank on the side of the machine PLATEN ASSEMBLY The platen assembly raises and lowers the projection platform By raising and lowering the platform you can project objects up to 1 inches thick The lock on the platen assembly is spring loaded therefore carefully lock and unlock the platen to prevent the projection platform from snapping up Continued on next page 5 6 Projection Devices Continued Nomenclature Figure 5 3 shows the key elements of an opaque projector Continued PROJECTION FOCUSING LENS KNOB AND PINION OPTICAL POINTER AIR INLET ASSEMBLY POINTER SWITCH MOTOR LAMP POWER SWITCH RECEPTACLE FEED ASSEMBLY DMNPO114 PLATEN ASSEMBLY
21. Divider points are made of hardened steel Protect divider points when they are not in use Keep the dividers clean and wipe them with a light oil cloth after use Do not oil the movement on proportional dividers Figure 2 19 shows a set of proportional dividers Figure 2 19 Proportional dividers Use a set of dividers to step off equal distances to transfer measurements or to divide a line into equal lengths Dividers have two legs of equal length terminating in needlepoints Above the needlepoints is a hinge to help the leg maintain perpendicularity with the drawing surface Dividers are joined at the top Figure 2 20 shows a set of common dividers Figure 2 20 Common dividers Continued on next page 2 20 Cased Instruments Continued Dividers Continued To step off equal distances follow this table Set dividers to a given distance Step off distance on drawing as many times as desired Totransfer measurements follow this table Set dividers to correct distance Transfer measurements to drawing To divide a line into equal lengths follow this table Divide the line by the number of segments desired and approximate this distance with the dividers Step off this distance on the line Continue with trial and error until the distances are equal Figure 2 21 illustrates how to step off a line Figure 2 2 Dividing a line into equal parts Protect divider points wit
22. Drop out or drop in title cards rigged to fall in and out of camera view DROP OUT Masked or opaqued areas present in the halftone negative print or plate DROP OUT HALFTONE A halftone reproduction that eliminates the screen dots in white areas often accomplished photographically by the platemaker or by re etching DRY BRUSH Drawing or painting with a brush that contains very little substance to create a textural effect DRY MOUNT Mounting photographs without paste or rubber cement DRY MOUNTING PRESS An electrically heated press that activates an adhesive sheet or foil placed between the image and the illustration board DUCK A lead weight used to position a spline while drawing irregular curves DUMMY A rough draft or proposal of printed material pasted or bound together in exact reproduction size that show the areas illustration and text will occupy DUOTONE Two color halftone print made from a screened photograph Continued on next page Al 21 Glossary Continued E EARTH COLORS Pigments made from earth minerals EDGE The border or outline of a form or shape EDIT To check add or delete EDIT CONTROLLER A machine that locates the beginning and end of a scene used for cueing VCRs for presentation EGGOIL TEMPERA An opaque watercolor similar to egg based tempura but with an added oil that makes the medium easier to handle and adaptable toa wider range of effects EGG TEMPU
23. MAHLSTICK A rod used in the palette hand to support or steady the painting hand MAKEUP SeeLAYOUT The arrangement of text and illustrations on a page in conformance to standard practices in the industry or to publication requirements MAGNETIC CHALKBOARD A briefing board that accepts chalk markings and magnetic attachments Continued on next page Al 36 Glossary Continued M Continued MARS COLORS Artificial earth colors MASKING To block out a portion of an illustration by pasting paper over it to prevent it from reproducing MASKING TAPE An opaque paper tape used to cover the edges of a picture while painting and to fasten artwork temporarily to a drawing board MASTER An original typed drawn or typeset copy intended for reproduction MAT A cardboard or paper decorative endosure around a picture MATCH DISSOLVE Holding one element on a screen as one scene dissolves into another MATTE Dull or without shine MATTE PRINT A print having a dull finish MATTE SCREEN A projection screen with a dull surface to reduce glare from overhead lights MEASURE The length of a line of type measured in picas MEATBALL See BULLET MEDIA INTEGRATION Also called MULTIMEDIA Mixing various presentation devices in the same presentation MECHANICAL A page or layout prepared as an original for photomechanical reproduction MECHANICAL DRAWING A method of drawing using prec
24. Nery Certificate of Commendation 1a reomguiin of amatan veran tmnt tlm oar ef sparen ste preven wf tetas On eh Se ny and ry ASYMMETRIC OMNPO128 Figure 1 15 Horizontal formats SECNAVINST Printed Matter for Official Ceremonies is a valuable reference instruction that 5603 2 Printed defines ceremonial printed material at public expense approved as offidal and Matter for necessary Ceremonial material is invitations for retirement ceremonies Official luncheons dinners receptions and Dining In ceremonies Ceremonies SECNAVINST The SECNAV instruction is almost identical to the OPNAV instruction The 5290 1 Naval major difference between these two instructions is the detailed explanation of Imaging the procedures for filling out the reports Program Continued on next page 1 26 Regulations Continued SECNAVINST 5290 1 Naval Imaging Program Continued Figure 1 16 illustrates the front of a three page form used to track the visual information product throughout its creation VISUAL INFORMATION mF PRODUCTION REPORT _ lar __LUPDATE OF AN EXISTING RECORD date EEE raosi t EE IDENTIFICATION NUMBERS 2 PRODUCTION TITLES 5 CATEGORY AND MEDIA FORMATS AND COPIES aeta e ee U ER Ce KULOL OMR me KLO 8 SUBJECT INDEX T SYNOPSIS DD Form 1996 2 AUG 87 Previous edisions are osoita Page 1 of 3 Pages DMNPO137 Figure 1 16 DD Form 1995 2 page 1 o
25. Nonresident Training Courses for the Illustrator Draftsman DM TRAMAN cone courses aygrade olume NRTC Volume 1 NAVEDTRA 72720 Volume 2 NAVEDTRA XXXXX Volume 3 NAVEDTRA XXXXX Volume 4 NAVEDTRA XXXXX Volume 1 NAVEDTRA 82720 Volume 3 Volume 4 NOTE Check the Naval Education and Training Professional Development and Technology Center home page for advancement requirements http Awww cnet navy mil netpdtc netpdtc htm and the Catalog of Nonresident Training Courses NAVEDTRA 12061 for ordering information iv photography computer generated art figure drawing cartooning animation mediums lettering and airbrush These are the practices a successful DM must CHAPTER 1 SHOP ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION Overview Introduction Objectives As an Illustrator Draftsman your responsibilities do not begin and end with the start and completion of a drawing assignment You may regardless of pay grade have administrative and organizational responsibilities integral to the effident management of your shop This chapter provides a basic background to help you understand your administrative obligations The material in this chapter enables you to do the following Identify command limitations on copy reproduction and the importance of a production log Understand the significance of accurately completing J oint Committee of Printing J CP inventories Recognize copyrighted material and avoid copyright infring
26. PEN Drawing parallel lines of equal or differing width is easy with a railroad pen Both nibs have adjustable widths The nibs may or may not rotate on a shaft inside a hollow handle Figure 2 33 shows a railroad pen Figure 2 33 A railroad pen with rotating handle When you usea ruling pen maintain perpendicularity with the drawing surface and draw the line with the pen at a 60 degree angle toward the direction the line is being drawn Clean the pens and wipe them with a light oil doth before you store them Figure 2 34jillustrates the drawing nib angle to paper Figure 2 34 Drawing lines with a pen Continued on next page Special Cased Instruments Continued Needlepoints Needlepoints provide a stable pivot point for compasses and dividers to rotate around while you use them Needlepoints are either tapered shouldered or a combination of the two Figure 2 35 shows the different combinations of needlepoints Figure 2 35 Needle points Protect needlepoints when they are not in use and sharpen them when necessary To sharpen needlepoints follow this table l stp sition S Twirl between thumb and forefinger Stroke back and forth on oilstone while twirling Figure 2 36 illustrates the shaping of a compass needle WHETSTONE i Figure 2 36 Shaping a compass needle Continued on next page 2 30 Special Cased Instruments Continued Center disks Center disk
27. RANGE Macro range lenses are ideal for copy work particularly if the item being copied is small This lens is slower in speed than standard lenses Available as 50mm and 100mm macros they also perform well as a general purpose lens in routine shoots Figure 4 18 shows differences between lens ranges Figure 4 18 Lens ranges Continued on next page 4 39 Cameras Continued Aperture An aperture is an opening in a lens through which light can pass Apertures are set at standardized intervals referred to as f stops F stops help control image sharpness by partially correcting for lens aberrations and defining depth of field Changing aperture settings changes the amount of light allowed to strike the film The greater the numerical value of the f stop the less light enters the lens Each increment divides the light by half If your camera or hand held meter is not working or you find yourself in a situation where you haven t the time to calculate an f stop use the f 16 rule that is set the f stop to f 16 and the shutter speed to the film speed or as dose to the ISO that the shutter speed adjustment will allow Figure 4 19 shows standard f stop increments 14 5 6 8 t711 16 ff22 OMNPO110 Figure 4 19 Standard f stop increments Continued on next page 4 40 Cameras Continued Shutter speed Shutter speed is the length of time light can expose the film A camera may have a leaf type shutter or a focal
28. When writing on a lecture pad or drawing a chart or diagram place an extra sheet of paper between the top paper sheet and the next sheet to prevent the marker ink from bleeding through Write large and legibly on the lecture pad Make sure the markers are fresh and full of ink before you address the audience shows an easel with a lecture pad attached to it DMNP0120 Figure 5 9 An easel with lecture pad paper 5 23 Screens Introduction Purpose General care Rear projection screens Front projection screens Lenticular screens The success of a presentation is greatly dependent on your use of the correct screen in a serviceable condition In extreme circumstances however a light color wall may have to suffice A screen enlarges the image of a slide or transparency projected on it so that it is legible to an audience The two types of projection screens are the rear projection and the front projection screens Rear projection screens are translucent therefore the projector is invisible to the audience as it projects an image through the screen Front projection screens are reflective and reflect the light image off the screen to the audience Keep a screen clean and free of tears Protect a screen from abuse and stray chalk or pencil marks Unless it is permanently freed roll the screen up and store it properly between use Screens used in rear projection are found most often in permanent theater s
29. above the control buttons provide printer status information and functions or features currently in effect The following list contains the more common indicator lights ERROR Warns of a problem that makes the printer inoperable ONLINE Shows when the printer is in an online status during which time all other control buttons are inoperative POWER Indicates that power is reaching the printer TYPESTYLE Located above each button and next to each feature MODE PITCH these lights indicate the current operating modes of and SPACING the printer The lights are lit next to the selected features Printer loading A printer receives paper by being single sheet fed or tractor fed Single sheet fed is much like a standard copier paper tray in which paper stacks on the side of the printer and enters the printer one sheet at a time Tractor fed paper is a long continuous sheet of paper with perforations and a series of holes on each side These holes fit onto tractor wheels under the front cover of the printer Location of and space between the tractor wheels is adjustable When it is necessary for you to change the tractor wheel position always leave the left tractor wheel in the same position and make the adjustments to the right tractor wheel This way all documents will begin the page at the same location Continued on next page 3 24 Output Devices Continued Printer loading Figure 3 11 shows the di
30. are selections available that pertain to the number of pixels modified at once Not only do graphics programs require more memory and power and greater capacity VGA cards and monitors but they also require more of you The only way to become profident in graphics software is by constant use The computer and associated software will not supplant you You must gain the knowledge to master the program and use this tool beneficently Sit down read the owner user manual and experiment with the computer 3 35 Desk Top Publishing Programs Introduction Desk top publishing software programs Desk top publishing software features As DMs we are primarily concerned with the creation of artwork but we are increasingly tasked with massive text and the preparation of it for reproduction The distinction between Lithographer s Mates LI who traditionally use desk top publishing programs and DMs is less distinct Desk top publishing DTP often called electronic pre press preparation is gaining popularity become familiar with it Desk top publishing software programs electronically integrate text and graphics into newsletters advertisements letterheads reports brochures catalogs and books such as this TRAMAN These programs allow you to see the page and alter it on screen before committing it to print The range of manipulation is extensive So too are the plethora of programs offered by manufacturers Regardless of manuf
31. art AGATE Type size of 5 1 2 points AIRBRUSH An atomizer that applies a fine spray of paint under pressure from a tank of compressed air or carbonic gas AIRBRUSHING Using an airbrush to create art or improve the appearance of art ANALOGOUS COLORS Colors dosely related to one another on a color wheel such as blue blue green and green ANATOMY The bone and muscle structure of humans and animals as it affects the appearance of surface forms and contours ANGLE A figure formed by two lines or planes extending from or diverging at the same point ANHYDROUS AMMONIA SYSTEM A system that uses a mixture of water and ammonia in the developing section of some whiteprint machines ANILINE COLORS Brilliant colors derived from coal tar that tend to fade in time ANIMATED CARTOON A cartoon drawn in a series of progressive actions to give the effect of continuous movement ANIMATION Sequentially drawn pictures displaying a range of motion which when viewed in rapid sucession appear to be moving ALIGNED SECTION A sectional view that revolves some internal features into or out of the plane of view Continued on next page Al 2 Glossary Continued A Continued AMERICAN STANDARDS ASSOCIATION Also called ASA See SO or EXPOSURE INDEX ANTIQUE STOCK A rough surfaced paper such as wove or laid APERTURE An opening behind the lens that allows exposure to one frame of film AP
32. be stand alone or board units Stand alone units may be acoustic modems in which a cradle holds a telephone headset and you dial the phone number of the computer system to establish a link or direct connect modems that plug directly into a phone line Board modems are built onto plug in boards that insert into the expansion ports inside the system unit of the computer Figure 3 13 shows three different types of modems ACOUSTIC MODEM OIRECT CONNECT BOARD MODEM MODEM Figure 3 13 Modems 3 27 Microcomputer Setup Introduction Owner s manuals Power requirements Surge protectors You may or may not havea computer in your work space However your understanding how to setup a computer system will help you initially integrate a computer system into your work space and troubleshoot simple computer problems Owner user manuals explain all about the hardware and how to install and configure it Become familiar with the documentation that comes with your computer system and the peripherals Spend time learning all you can about the hardware and software Start setting up the computer system by thoroughly studying the installation instructions Most microcomputers have a range of 100 to 130 volts or 200 to 230 volts alternating current On the back panel of the system unit there is a voltage or line select switch Make sure your computer and all supporting devices are set to the appropriate line voltage supplied to t
33. card is extremely important to you as a DM When you assess the capabilities of your computer you should consider upgrading your graphics card to a Super Video Graphics Array VGA boards are available as a grey scale display board or as a color display board Grey scale display boards have 4 to 8 bits per pixel picture element and offer from 70 to 256 levels of grey Color display boards have 8 to 24 bits per pixel and offer smooth blends and continuous color 3 18 Output Devices Introduction Monitors Multi synchro nous monitors Plotters After you enter all the data into the computer and the CPU has had time to process the information it exits the computer through an output device Monitors plotters printers and film recorders are output devices They provide the SYSOP with an image or hard copy data Monitors provide visual feedback of work in progress The three types of monitors are the analog monitor which is similar to a television set but provides only a video display the digital monitor which processes data as a numeric value and provides only a textural display and the multi synchronous monitor which provides both analog and digital information Multi synchronous monitors are capable of processing both analog and digital information They work on any computer system displaying text and graphics with superb resolution and can vary resolution at the SYSOP discretion Resolution is the number of pixels per inch and
34. cartridge rinse and set aside to dry Remove the cap rinse and set aside to dry Loosen point section before soaking Z do not force point section loose and Z allow to soak and renew attempt to loosen Soak pen in water and ammonia or mild detergent Ps rinewse Thoroughly dry pen parts before reassembly When you use an ultrasonic deanser do not allow the pen toremain in the cleanser while the cleanser is on for a long period of time Heat created by the vibration will melt the small plastic parts of the pen Drawing Aids Introduction General care Triangles Lettering aids triangles protractors anything that helps the draftsman create an image is a drawing aid Some shops are fortunate enough to give each worker a set of drawing aids Other shops have to share equipment among the workers If your shop shares equipment among the workers put the gear away clean and in good repair Keep uncommon tools in commonly accessible places Most drawing aids are made of plastic Hang up drawing aids or store them flat when they are not in use Never cut against the edges of a drawing aid or use them as a scraper When a drawing aid is warped nicked out of true or broken throw it away and get another Use triangles to draw lines at various inclines to the horizontal Two common triangles are the 30 60 degree and the 45 degree triangle Both of these triangles have a 90 degree base angle A combination of a 30 60 and a
35. effects programmers include the following AUDIBLE TONE CONTROLLER An audible tone controller activates the projector by impulsing a tone This coded tone signals the projector to do what the operator pre programs into the device PUNCH TAPE Punch tape uses programming logic or electronic circuitry to pierce a paper tape with a code The code punched onto this tape cues the projector for multiple functions ELECTRONIC MICROPROCESSORS Electronic microprocessors digitize information This bit information triggers the programmer s multiple functions automatically Continued on next page 5 16 Projection Devices Continued Projector racks Make sure slide projectors and programmers or dissolve units are securely Video cassette recorders players VCR Nomenclature mounted to a stable projector rack Keep all electrical and connector cords from being pinched between devices Position the projector rack so that the projectors are at a 90 degree angle to the screen and deck to prevent keystoning Also consider ventilation cooling and access to the projection devices when you position the projector rack Video cassette recorders players VCR combine a synchronized audio and video presentation The operation of a VCR is easy as many individuals are already familiar with the operation of their home VCR VCR presentations are excellent for small audiences When you give a presentation to a large group hook up several monitor
36. equipment It is available for left handed draftsmen The five basic parts of a drafting machine are the protractor head the scale mechanism the removable scales the linkage and the table damp Continued on next page 2 13 Furniture Continued Drafting machines Continued PROTRACTOR HEAD The protractor head rotates by degrees allowing angle selection A lock button secures the head at the selected angle The head maintains a true angle throughout motion over the drawing surface The protractor head houses the scale mechanism that holds the scales into place shows the location of the protractor head Figure 2 11 A drafting machine SCALE MECHANISM and REMOVABLE SCALES There are a variety of scales available for the drafting machine Not only do scale faces vary but so does the composition of the scale Scales can be made of clear plastic wood or metal Two removable scales attach to the scale mechanism at right angles to each other via male and female dovetail fittings In fitting the scales to the mechanism you should hear an audible dick An elongated slot on the mechanism allows minor angular adjustments to the scale Do not force a scale into the fitting Figure 2 12 illustrates how dovetail fittings connect Figure 2 12 Dovetail fittings Continued on next page Furniture Continued Drafting machines Continued LINKAGE The three most common linkages for a drafting machine are the p
37. implement used on silk process printing presses that forces ink and ink compounds through the screen and stendil onto a printing surface to form the image 2 The process of forcing pigment across a surface with other than a brush STABILIZER A chemical that arrests the continued development of an image and fixes that image into the surface STABILO PENCIL A pencil that uses grease or wax as a binder for pigment and is capable of writing on glass STAT SeePHOTOSTAT STATIC Lacking in movement STATION POINT The point of observation in the making of perspective drawings Continued on next page AI 57 Glossary Continued S Continued STILL LIFE A pictorial arrangement of inanimate objects STIPPLE The effect obtained by using a series of dots or flicks in drawing STOCK Material printed or worked on by printers or artists STOP BATH A chemical solution that stops photographic development STOPPER An eye catching device in a picture that grabs and holds a viewer s attention STORYBOARD A pane presentation of rough sketches of a proposed series of views STRAIGHTEDGE An instrument with long straight edges STRIP IN To position copy not pasted upon the mechanical before platemaking STRIPPING Cutting out and placing in position STUDIO CARD Illustration or pictorial information on a card intended for television transmission STUMP A pendl shaped roll of paper used
38. in black white and intermediate tones BLACK PATCH A black masking patch pasted into the exact size and location on artwork where a photograph is to appear on the reproduction copy BLEED The borders on the artwork and printing plate that extend beyond the final trimmed edge of the sheet BLENDING Mixing or incorporating one color or tone with another BLOCKING IN Indicating the broad outline of an object or shapes in a picture using preliminary lines BLOCK OUT Elimimting an unwanted section of a picture BLOWUP An enlargement BLUEPRINT A direct positive print made on chemically treated paper from a translucent or transparent drawing BOARD Any heavy material used for mounting art or making displays Continued on next page Al 6 Glossary Continued B Continued BOARD ART Any artwork mounted on heavy board stock BODY TYPE Type used for the main body of text in printed matter BOLDFACE Type emphasized by darkening or increasing letter weight BOOKLET A pamphlet bound within paper covers BOOT UP Start up of the computer BONE An instrument with a plastic agate or metal tip used for burnishing shading sheets pressure sensitive letters and paste ups BORDER AREA The areas around a graphic that represents a protective perimeter BOUNCE LIGHT Lighting set up to reflect from nearby surfaces onto a subject BOURGES PROCESS A method of color separati
39. in front of the negative material in a process camera to break up a continuous tone image into a dot formation HARD COPY Copy of any kind produced on paper or any substrate except film used for proofing checking revising or redrawing HARMONY A pleasing arrangement of the picture elements because of the similarity of one or more qualities HE XAGON A six sided figure HIDDEN LINE Thick short dashed lines used to show a hidden part or edge HIGHLIGHT HALFTONE SeeDROP OUT HALFTONE HIGH SURFACE SeeHOT PRESSED HINGE J OINT A joint limited to back and forth movement HOLDING LINE A line usually drawn in black on a mechanical intended for reproduction HOOK AND LOOP BOARD A briefing board covered with nylon hook material to which items backed with a nylon loop material will stick HORIZON LINE An imaginary horizontal line representing the observer s line of sight HOT PRESSE D Also called HIGH SURFACE A smooth art paper or illustration board HUE The name given to distinguish any color HYPO SeeSODIUM THIOSULFATE Continued on next page Al 30 Glossary Continued l ICON Onscreen computer symbols that portray functions by graphic images ILLUMINATION The hand decoration of text in a book a manuscript or a diploma ILLUSTRATION A picture designed to interpret a story or an article ILLUSTRATION BOARD Heavy paper board manufactured espedally for arti
40. matrix is defined in terms of rows and columns of dots A 7 by 9 matrix uses seven dots horizontally and nine dots vertically to create a character Some dot matrix printers have a 36 by 24 matrix The size of the matrix determines the quality of the printed character Dot matrix printers are near letter quality faster than daisy wheel printers and have speeds ranging from 60 to 350 cps shows the letter L created by a dot matrix printer eeoococoo eeoooood eoooo0ood0 eoooo0oo9o0 eooooond eoooo0o9 eeoodcee eesees e eeeees e Figure 3 9 The letter L on a dot matrix printer Continued on next page 3 20 Output Devices Continued Daisy wheel printers Nonimpact printers Daisy wheel printers are very similar to typewriters The flat circular printing element contains all text and numeric characters The element spins rapidly pausing only to allow the printing hammer time to strike the character against the ribbon or paper Daisy wheel printers are letter quality printers but they tend to be slow Figure 3 10 shows a daisy wheel printer printing dement Figure 3 10 A daisywheel printing element Nonimpact printers do not make contact with paper or ribbon during printing They use several techniques for printing such as xerographic electrostatic electrosensitive electrothermal ink jet and laser Nonimpact printers are the fastest of printers with speeds approximating 20 000 l
41. of a cathoderay tube This image then passes through a lens to photographic film or paper A letter is rescanned each time it is used This process is referred to as on the fly The second category typesetter stores the font as a digital representation a letter is scanned only once and enters the machines memory for subsequent use Electromechanical typesetters may produce display or body type They are hand operated by direct keystrokes Newer machines may have magnetic disk or tape memory and or OCR scanning capabilities Different type styles and sizes are available for enlargement reduction or same size reproduction The typesetter scans a photographic master each time a letter is used and transfers the image on the fly to the face of a CRT screen or photosensitive film paper Continued on next page 4 18 Phototypesetters Continued Digitized typesetters LASER Digitized typesetters set type with greater speed and detail than electromechanical machines An electronic beam draws on the face of the CRT tube in random fashion Image refresh is greater than 30 times per second at 2 600 lines per inch LPI Figure 4 7 shows character imagery in digital phototypesetting CHARACTERS EXIST IN CRT PAINTS FINAL CHARACTER OUTLINE WITHIN CHARACTER APPEAR MAGNETIC MEMORY WITHIN OUTLINE SHARP AND SOLID Figure 4 7 Digitized phototypesetting Light amplification by simulated emission of radiation LASER phototypeset
42. of an image to the sheet directly behind it without the use of a carbon Continued on next page Al 39 Glossary Continued N Continued NEGATIVE PHOTOLITHOGRAPHIC A film negative having a translucent image and a black background produced by a process camera and used primarily to make printing plates NEUTRAL COLOR 1 A color that lacks hue and intensity 2 A color that contains some amount of its complementary 3 An earth color NIB A point at the end of a pen or marker NOISE Adding a random pattern of pixels over an image to add texture create a new value or give a painterly effect NORMAL LENS Also called STANDARD LENS A 50mm focal length lens which most closely approximates normal vision with minimal distortion OBLIQUE PROJ ECTION A view produced when the projectors are at an angle to the plane of the object illustrated OCTAGON A figure having eight sides OFFSET LITHOGRAPHY SeeLITHOGRAPHY Lithographic printing where an inked plate prints on a rubber blanket which then offsets the image to paper stock OFFSET SECTION A section view of two or more planes in an object to show features that do not lie in the same plane OIL PAINT Any pigment ground in linseed oil or poppy oil OILSTONE A stone or abrasive used to sharpen needlepoints and blades ONE POINT PERSPECTIVE Also called PARALLEL PERSPECTIVE When the height and width of an object are parallel to the plane o
43. of exposure to the dampness of the development process The master and the material will automatically separate before the material enters the development area Figure 4 6jillustrates placing a master on diazo material MASTER DIAZO MATERIAL FEEDBOARD Figure 4 6 Combining a master with diazo material to feed into the machine 4 16 Phototypesetters Introduction General maintenance General adjustments Phototypesetting machines expose photosensitive paper or film toa light image of each character set either electromechanically or by digitation cathode ray tube CRT The two primary components of a phototypesetter are a keyboard and a processor Because of rapidly changing technology this section provides only a brief overview of phototypesetting systems Before covering phototypesetting theory and equipment let s cover basic maintenance procedures for the equipment and the handling of the film paper Z Avoid excessive handling of the film paper to minimize scraping the sensitized surface kinking and increasing static discharge Z Check the internal mechanism of the processor for Z obstructions in the film paper path and Z the solution level of the processor tanks Z Rinse the roller assembly and trays daily with warm water and loosen crystallized chemical deposits with a soft brush Z Clean optical surfaces with a lint free cloth or chamois and mirrored surfaces with a camel hair b
44. of the bulb High illumination is 500 watts Continued on next page 5 13 Projection Devices Continued Nomenclature Continued Care Figure 5 6 shows key points of adjustment on a slide projector 1 SLIDE TRAY 5 FORWARD BUTTON 9 DISSOLVE CONTROL RECEPTACLE 2 ELEVATING WHEEL 6 REVERSE BUTTON 10 SELECTOR SWITCH 3 LENS 7 SELECT BUTTON 11 AUTOMATIC TIMER 4 FOCUS KNOB 8 REMOTE CONTROL RECEPTACLE 12 ILLUMINATED CONTROL PANEL OMNPOTI7 Figure 5 6 Slide projector nomenclature Make sure the slide tray or stack loader is firmly seated on the projector If a slide jams remove the tray or loader to retrieve it Before unplugging a slide projector allow time for the blower to cool the bulb and the motor To remove the tray follow this table os e Depress SELECT button and rotate tray to align notched edge Gently raise tray do not force tray off 3 If the tray is difficult to remove use a coin to turn the slotted screw in the center of the projector Continued on next page 5 14 Projection Devices Continued Replacing a bulb To replace a bulb or secure the projector allow the blower motor to cool the bulb before you remove the unit from the power source To remove and replace a projector bulb use the following tables To remove bulb rs o o eo E TT ona CS o pe Remove bulb and discard To replace bulb CRE ee Make sure new bulb is free of hand oils perspiration an
45. offer alternatives and solutions Project a positive attitude and do not ridicule customers for their ignorance You are the expert guide them professionally Most customers are not aware of the talents that a DM has or the capabilities of the shop 1 53 Quality Control Introduction Quality control inspectors What to look for All work done in your shop reflects upon the shop its workers and its leadership whether you or a coworker did the work is immaterial It does not matter if you are the supervisor or the worker the reputation of the shop is your reputation The work produced by the shop must be professional in appearance and meet professional standards A shop should have someone to review completed jobs to ensure that they are in fact completed as the customer requested and that they meet prescribed standards of execution and presentation Individuals with a keen eye for detail and a thorough knowledge of drafting standards and practices should review completed jobs before the originators are called to pick them up LPOs may assign these individuals and should rotate the assignment occasionally to cross train other workers Before a product is reviewed for quality the inspector must have a copy of the original to mark corrections on When a copy is unavailable then cover the original with an overlay to protect it Do not markup an original drawing The inspector is looking to see if the artwork satisfies the customer
46. on page page 3 12 Edit Devices Continued Motherboard Central Processing unit CPU Random Access Memory RAM Read Only Memory ROM The motherboard or system board is the master printed circuit board that holds the CPU chip the Random Access Memory RAM chips the Read Only Memory ROM chips a math co processor extra memory slots and the computer clock The CPU is a integrated circuit IC chip on the motherboard It is a mass of transistors that coordinate all activities of the computer It accepts input interprets software and provides output The CPU chip also controls the speed or processing power of the computer The two types of CPUs are PCs personal computers that are IBM compatible or dones and MACs Macintosh or Apple exdusives The main difference between the two is how the user interfaces with the system You may find either type in your work space Users refer to their computer by the CPU chip numerical generation such as 386 or 486 inside the system unit Random Access Memory or RAM memory chips randomly store and transmit information from memory or a disk Sometimes referred to as read write memory RAM memory chips determine what programs your computer is capable of running and how much information you are able to store Ram memory is short term in nature that is you must save the information or it will disappear when you turn the machine off You enlarge the memory of your computer by ins
47. pen with greater ink capacity than a standard ruling pen DETAIL VIEW A view that shows part of the principal view of an item using the same plane and arrangement but in greater detail and in a larger scale DEVELOPER A chemical that causes a reaction in an exposed emulsion to reveal an image in that emulsion DIAZO FILM A flexible transparent base coated with an emulsion of diazo salts and couplers DIAZO PAPER Paper treated with a diazo compound and azo dyestuff component DIAZOCHROME Diazo sensitized films that produce colored dye images on a transparent plastic base DIFFUSED LIGHT Evenly spread light DIMENSION LINE A thin unbroken line with each end terminating in an arrowhead used to define the dimensions of an object DIMETRIC PROJ ECTION An axonometric projection of an object where two axes make equal angles with the plane of projection and the third axis makes a smaller or larger angle with the plane of projection DINGBATS Stars or ornaments used to embellish type DISCHORD Color or elements that compete or are not in visual harmony that creates an uneasy or unattractive image Continued on next page Al 19 Glossary Continued D Continued DISK Also called DISC 1 A flat photomatrix used in phototypesetting and computer equipment 2 A layer of magnetic oxide used to store electronic data DISK DRIVE A device that reads adds or deletes information stored on a di
48. plane shutter The shutter speed is set in standardized increments Increasing the shutter speed incrementally lessens exposure time by half At the T setting the shutter opens the frost time you press the shutter release button and closes the second time you press the release button At the B setting the shutter remains open as long as you depress the shutter release button Figure 4 20 shows standard shutter speed ratios B 14 4 12 1 4 18 1M5 1 30 1 60 1 125 1 250 1 500 1 1000 1 2000 HUTTER RELEASE Figure 4 20 Shutter speed increments Continued on next page Cameras Continued Film speed Slide duplicators Film speed appears on every roll of film and is an industry rated standard The standard is set by the International Standards Organization ISO Film speed sometimes referred to as film sensitivity indicates the sensitivity of the film emulsion to record latent images of light Film speed may be fast or slow Selection of a film speed requires a knowledge of film characteristics lighting situations and potential compromises FAST FILM Film considered fast is film that requires less light for exposure These are the low light film speeds of ISO 400 and higher Image resolution is good in small prints however pronounced graininess appears in enlargements Some of the very fast films ISO 1000 and faster need very little light and an extremely short exposure time making them more desirable fo
49. printshops and photo labs are all incorporating electronic imagery and digitization Future Navy and dvilian correspondence courses such as this rate training manual will be on CD ROM for print on demand You don t have to like it but you must master this medium Do not be afraid of damaging the computer the worst that will happen is that you lose some material you entered into it It is here the time is now It is the future the key to the twenty first century Overview Introduction Objectives CHAPTER 4 REPRODUCTION EQUIPMENT A Navy Graphics shop contains a wide variety of equipment To use the equipment effectively and safely you must have a working knowledge of its characteristics limitations and operating and maintenance procedures This chapter covers the more common types of graphics shop reproduction equipment The material in this chapter enables you to do the following Z Recognize the need for periodic cleaning and inspecting of shop reproduction equipment Z Select copier options and maintain toner levels Z Describe operator checks and adjustments on diazo type reproduction machines Z Explain phototypesetter operation and maintenance Z Identify operator adjustments on pressure process lettering machines Z Adjust copy camera settings and explain the procedures for completing operator checks Continued on next page 41 Overview Continued Acronyms The following table contains a
50. same picture PALETTE KNIFE A thin flexible steel blade set in a wooden or plastic handle available in a variety of shapes used for mixing paints and impastos applying paint directly to a canvas or to create special textures directly on the surface of a picture Continued on next page Al 42 Glossary Continued P Continued PALETTING Moving the pigment back and forth across a palette with a paint brush to achieve a certain consistency in texture or color or to load the brush with pigment adequately PANEL 1 A given area in which a cartoon is drawn with or without a defined frame 2 One box or frame of a comic strip 3 One unit of a storyboard PANORAMA Also called PAN Slow steady camera movement from side to side PANTOGRAPH A mechanical device based on the shape of a parallelogram used to reduce enlarge or copy pictures PANTONE COLOR SYSTEM An industry accepted system of color analysis and identification which distinguishes between the three measurable dimensions of hue value and chroma intensity PARABOLIC REFLECTORS Lamp reflectors that assist even illumination and shorten exposure time PARALLAX Distortion present when exposing film through a lens not aligned with the veiwfinder distortion corrected by a rangefinder camera PARALLEL PROJ ECTION SceONE POINT PERSPECTIVE PARALLEL STRAIGHTEDGE A long straight edge supported at both ends to maintain parallel motion
51. solid black LINE OF DIRECTION The line the eye follows when looking at the picture LINES PER INCH Also called LPI A standard measurement of resolution for the color printing trade LINE WEIGHT The thickness of pencil ink or other lines in artwork LINSEED OIL An oil obtained by pressing the seeds of a plant which produces linen fiber used as a medium in oil painting Continued on next page Al 35 Glossary Continued L Continued LITHOGRAPHY See OFFSET PRINTING or OFFSET LITHOGRAPHY A reproduction process in which grease crayon lines and masses drawn on a flat polished stone print through the affinity of grease to grease grease crayon and printer s ink The wetted stone repels the ink from the other areas not covered with crayon LITHOGRAPHIC PENCILS An oily pencil or crayon used to mark lithographic plates LOCAL COLOR The actual color of an object without regard to the effect of changing light and shadow conditions LOCAL COLOR VALUE The actual lightness or darkness of a color without regard to the effect of changing light and shadow conditions LOGOTYPE Also called LOGO The lettered signature nameplate or trademark of a commerdal firm LONGSHOT A picture showing a full figure or a distant view LACEY LUCY SeeCAMERA LUCIDA MACHINE COMPOSITION Type set by a machine MACRO LENS A short focal length lens specifically designed to allow doseup photography
52. straightedge Made of heavy gauge straightedges steel they have the weight and strength needed to guide a blade under pressure The cork on the bottom of the straightedge helps keep it in place Some steel straightedges are beveled Keep the straightedge clean and do not bend it out of true Cased Instruments Introduction Cased instruments allow the draftsman to make precision drawings and maintain uniformity within the drawing Quality tools improve the work Use these tools for their intended purpose Cases Drafting instruments are delicate precision drawing tools that require protection Most instruments even when purchased separately come in their own case This case protects the drawing tool Many cases are impregnated with a rust or corrosive inhibitor to protect the drawing tools from the environment and atmosphere K eep drafting instruments clean and put away when not in use shows a case full of clean properly stored drafting instruments a Figure 2 18 Drawing instruments in a protective case Continued on next page 2 19 Cased Instruments Continued Proportional dividers Dividers Proportional dividers transfer measurements from one scale to another and divide lines and cirdes into equal parts They consist of two legs of equal length joined by a moveable pivot This pivot is a rack and gear movement secured by a thumb nut There is a series of scales on the divider face ranging from 1 to 11 5
53. tables Worktables are large flat tables used to spread out additional reference material or equipment Cutting may be done on this table provided you cover it with cardboard or vinyl Besides protecting the tabletop the covering prevents the blade from snapping or slipping across the table Figure 2 3 shows a typical worktable Figure 2 3 A work table Light tables may be small and portable or as large as a drafting table Illuminated from underneath they allow a worker to see through paper and trace an image They are invaluable for aligning transparencies or in color separation work Never cut against a light table as this will scar the glass surface Furthermore do not lean against or on top of a glass tabletop shows a portable light table Continued on next page 2 5 Furniture Continued Tabourets Tabourets are small portable work stations that contain some storage in the bottom and a small drawer They are useful when a job requires a temporary work station at a remote location away from the shop shows a two drawer tabouret Figure 2 5 A tabouret Table coverings A table covering protects the table from damage and wear It smooths over existing damage to the drawing surface and changes easily when it becomes soiled or unserviceable The following table shows four table coverings and their advantages CO a OO e OE Cellulose acetate resin coated paper Z short term protection Z maybe grid
54. that scratches easily The surface of some carbon image tapes has a low tack surface that requires sealing with a fixative When you use a carbon image adhesive backed tape in artwork that requires exposure to a heat producing process check the tape periodically during that process for adhesive seeping Seepage gums up a diazo drum or copyboard and ruins the artwork If a tape has lost adhesiveness it will jar out of position on the artwork and misalign Paper and vinyl tape used in pressure cutout systems are available in eight colors and are adhesive backed Several layers make up the tape and these layers fadlitate an easy application of the cutout letter to the artwork Peel a comer of the carrier acetate away from the color tape Turn the tape adhesive side up and place it on a work surface At a low angle to the tape peel the backing wax paper and the excess color tape away from the carrier tape carefully Watch the cutout letters symbols to make sure they remain on the carrier acetate Throw away the wax paper and excess tape Place the carrier tape which now supports only the desired tape letters over the artwork and press gently over the letters symbols Peel away the carrier tape slowly and at a low angle The letters symbols will remain Throw away the carrier acetate Continued on next page 4 25 Pressure Process Lettering Machines Continued Tapes cutout Figure 4 10lshows the different tape layers and a low angle
55. the back of the objects to stick to the board is a nylon hook material Objects used on a hook and loop board may be larger heavier or have dimension to them because of the strength in the grip of the hook and loop material This board is used for displays storytelling and teaching Figure 5 8 shows an enlargement of hook and loop material DMNPO118 Figure 5 8 Hook and loop board and backing Marker boards are slick surfaced boards that are usually white Use an erasable marker to write or draw on the surface of these boards Make sure you use the correct type of marker on this board as common markers will ruin it Some marker boards will accept magnets which make them more versatile than flannel boards or hook and loop boards Marker boards are gaining popularity as status boards in displays for teaching and as a spontaneous briefing tool Chalkboards are becoming rare with the advent of the marker board but they are still found in classrooms and briefing theaters for storytelling teaching and briefing Only chalk will mark the slightly abrasive surface of a chalkboard Chalk is available in many colors and chalkboards are available in green grey or black Continued on next page 5 22 Lecture Aids Continued Easels Use an easel when a lecture or brief is short or requires audience partid pation Lecture paper pads fit into the top of an easel and are easily tom off and discarded when you complete the brief
56. to blend pastel pencil and charcoal STYLIZED Charactertied by an emphasis on style and design STYLUS A scraping instrument with sharp or chiseled edge SUBHEAD A secondary headline or title SUBTRACTIVE COLOR PROCESS The process of forming colors by mixing pigments Continued on next page Al 58 Glossary Continued S Continued SUBORDINATION Subduing part of a picture to make it less important than another part SUPERIMPOSED Also called SUPER One image or text placed over another without totally obscuring the first SUPERIMPOSED IMAGE A rangefinder that focuses an image by requiring the alignment of two images over each other SUPPORT The reinforcement or backing for a painted surface SURREALISM An art movement whose objective is to explore the realm of unconscious emotion and dreams SWATCH A small sample specimen SWE DE PEN A broad nibbed adjustable ruling pen SWIPE FILE SeeRESEARCH FILE SYMBOL A visual element that represents something else SYMMETRY Similarity in size shape and relative position of parts on opposite sides of a dividing line TABOURET A portable cabinet used to hold the artist s drawing tools and materials TEAR SHEETS Also called CLIP ART and PICTURE MORGUE TECHNICAL ILLUSTRATION Drawings for technical reports proposals manuals and catalogs as well as visual aids briefing charts projecturals slides and post
57. 17 Glossary Continued D Continued DATA POINTS Symbols used to plot information or events on a graph or chart DATUM LINE A line that indicates the position of a datum plane DEADLINE Final delivery date DEBUGGING Locating and eliminating software deficiendes DECAL SeeDECALCOMANIA DECALCOMANIA An image printed on spedally prepared paper or film for transfer to another surface DECKLE EDGE The rough or uneven edge of paper intentionally produced during manufacturing DELINEATE To give depth to line art by making particular lines heavier DENSITY RANGE Alsocalled DENSITY SCALE Measured differences between the minimum and maximum densities of a particular negative or positive DEPICT To represent DEPTH Thickness as measured downward from the surface of an object DEPTH OF FIELD Thedistance between the closest sharply focused point to the farthest point in focus DESCENDERS The parts of lowercase letters that fall below the main body base line such as g p and q DESIGN A planned or intended arrangement of the elements in a composition DESIGNER S COLORS Opaque watercolors of high quality Continued on next page Glossary Continued D Continued DESKTOP PUBLISHING The preparation of copy ready to go directly to press DETAIL DRAWING A drawing that gives specific information DETAIL PEN Also called SWEDE PEN Abroad nibbed adjustable ruling
58. 5 13 5 15 slide projector accessories 5 16 video cassette recorder player VCR video projectors INDEX 6 Continued on next page INDEX Continued Q Quality Control R Regulations 1 6 local policy 1 6 governing directives 1 6 S Scales 2 47 division 2 50 division style 2 50 four bevel scales 2 49 indicating scald 2 54 opposite bevel scales 2 49 types of scales 2 53 2 54 two bevel scales 2 49 use 2 54 Screens 5 24 beaded sareens 5 25 care 5 24 front projection screens 5 24 high gain aluminum screens 5 25 keystoning 5 28 lenticular screens 5 24 matte screens 5 25 rear projection screens 5 24 selecting a screen _5 25 screen placement 5 27 Security electronically generated data 3 39 Automated Data Processing Security Officer ADPSO 3 39 disk security markings 3 42 display screen security markings _3 42 electronic media 3 41 equipment inventory 3 42 hard copy security markings _3 42 Level 3 40 Continued on next page INDEX 7 INDEX Continued S Continued Security continued media disposition 3 42 security controls 3 41 security levels 3 39 Setup Microprocessor 3 28 cable connections 3 29 connection relationships 3 30 keyboard 3 29 monitor 3 29 owner user manual 3 28 power requirements 3 28 printer 3 29 surge protectors system unit 3 Shop Layout 1 4 local commitments 1 4 ex
59. 61 Glossary Continued T Continued TOUCH SCREEN TECHNIQUE Activating the pixels on a CRT screen through the touch of an electronic light pen or the fingertip TRACING PAPER A thin transparent or translucent paper used for transferring an image from one surface to another by tracing TRACKBALL See OYSTICK or MOUSE TRAMMEL A mechanical device used to draw an ellipse TRANSFER SHEET Preprinted characters and symbols on cellophane or acetate used in preparing cold composition camera ready copy TRANSLUCENT The characteristic of allowing light to pass through without permitting objects to be seen clearly through it TRANSPARENCY Any transparent material intended for projection that bears an image TRANSPARENT The characteristic of allowing light and objects to be seen clearly through it TRAPS A slight overlap of the outline of an element to prevent white space from showing around the edges minimizing the effect of press plate misalignment TRIAD The use of any three pigments equally spaced on a color wheel TRIANGLE A triangular shaped ruling guide available in various sizes and angles usually made of clear plastic or metal TRIM MARKS Marks used on printed sheets or other substrate to indicate where to cut or trim stock both vertically and horizontally TRIMETRIC PROJ ECTION An axonometric projection of an object where no two axes make equal angles with the plane of projectio
60. ANALYZE Analyze your shop spaces periodically to determine if you are using space and equipment efficiently Make a scale drawing of your shop spaces and cutouts of the equipment to arrange and rearrange for maximum productivity SPACE Remove unwanted obsolete or defective equipment from the shop and dispose of it properly to free up every inch of space Locate the reproduction and storage areas away from the work area to eliminate distractions Workers should not have to walk around each other to reach supplies and reproduction machinery NOISE Minimize the noise in the work area TEMPERATURE Keep the temperatures in all areas comfortable not too hot and not too cold Temperatures in the storage area may sour supplies if overly warm and humid LIGHT Lighting of the proper intensity is critical All workers should have a suffident amount of direct light or they will require additional lighting Direct sunlight is rarely available as a steady light source COMFORT Consider every factor that will impact the comfort of the worker and the security of the equipment and supplies ind uding the effects of the pitch and roll of the ship CLEANLINESS Keep everything clean and in a maximum state of readiness Clean spaces regularly clean equipment often Dirty spaces and equipment produce dirty work SAFETY Plan for a safe environment Regulations Introduction Regulations govern every facet of military life including the jobs we d
61. An imaginary line extending from the eyes of a figureina drawing to an object indicating that person s direction of glance SINGLE ACTION AIRBRUSH A device that releases both air and pigment by pressing down on a button SIGNATURE A sheet of paper printed on both sides and folded to make up part of a publication SILHOUETTE An outline of an object or figure filled in solidly without indication of modeling or surface structure SILKSCREEN A method of printing through a stendil fixed to a screen of natural or synthetic fiber or metal mesh Continued on next page AI 55 Glossary Continued S Continued SIZE Also called SIZING Various gelatinous materials made from starch clay glue and casein used for glazing or coating papers and cloths SKETCH A quickly executed drawing as a preparation toward more finished work SKETCHING PENCIL SeeCARPENTER S PENCIL A soft leaded pendl used for freehand sketching SMALL CAPS Capital letters smaller than the standard capitals of a typeface and the size of the body of the lowercase letters SODIUM THIOSULFATE Also called HYPO A salt with water solution that dissolves the silver halides used in photographic papers and films SOFT EDGE A blended or graduated transition from one value or color to another SOFIWARE Computer programs that direct the output devices and determine the input devices effectivity SPECIAL EFFECTS GENERATOR A devi
62. CA MAY NOT BE PRESENT NAME k eit INITIALS COPYRIGHT ORGANIZATION COPR Figure 1 12 Copyright markings Continued on next page 1 24 Regulations Continued SECNAVINST 5600 20 Graphic Design Standards The purpose of SECNAVINST 5600 20 Graphic Design Standards is to standardize formats typography and emblem identifiers throughout the Navy in the interest of economy Identifiers are symbols that represent the department and activity seals the Navy emblem and the logotype Figure 1 13 illustrates acceptable identifiers Figure 1 13 Identifiers This instruction also specifies the allowable typography and leading between words and lines Although generally uniform regardless of whether the finished product is an envelope a letterhead or a certificate it does vary This instruction offers a selection of standardized sizes and formats for certificates and addresses the issue of color ink and color ink selection Figure 1 14 shows standard vertical formats The asymmetric format is using a full color department seal This seal is also available in a horizontal format through the supply system SYMMETRIC ASYMMETRIC Figure 1 14 Vertical formats Continued on next page Regulations Continued SECNAVINST Figure 1 15 shows standard horizontal formats 5600 20 Graphic Design Standards Continued Surgeon Coneral of the Navy Certificate of Merit Presented To Dewees s me
63. CH CURVES Usea french curve for drawing irregular or noncircular curves Some french curves have an ink riser as part of their design If your french curves do not have an ink riser put one on with masking tape Figure 2 47 shows typical shapes for french curves Figure 2 47 French curves Continued on next page 2 39 Drawing aids Continued Special irregular curves Flexible curve rules In general special irregular curves are curves not common toa Navy Drafting shop These indude ship s curves mechanical engineer s curves conic sections and logarithmic spiral curves SHIP S CURVES These curves are peculiar to ship building They are elongated curvilinear shapes in a variety of sizes Figure 2 48 shows ship s curves Figure 2 48 Ship s curves MECHANICAL ENGINEER S CURVES Irregular noncircular curves are drawn with mechanical engineer s curves These curves are very similar to french curves CONIC SECTIONS and LOGARITHMIC SPIRAL CURVES These curves are rarely found in a Navy Drafting shop This unusual rule is used for drawing irregular curves Completely flexible most bend to a minimum radius of 2 inches They have a metal or lead core which makes them bendable to any desired shape Some have dear plastic edges graduated in increments Continued on next page 2 40 Drawing Aids Continued Usinga To use an irregular curve special irregular curve or a flexible curve rule d
64. CTION A drawing of the internal cross section of an object superimposed on the basic drawing of the object ROMAN One of a group of alphabets or typefaces characterized by thick and thin strokes and often with serifs ROSS BOARD An illustration board that comes in a variety of roughened surfaces that divide crayon or brush strokes into broken textures suitable for reproduction ROTATION A view in which the object is rotated or turned to reveal a different plane or aspect ROUND BRUSH A ojlindrical brush having an evenly tapered point RUBBER CEMENT Semitransparent glue consisting of gum rubber and a petroleum or benzol solvent RUB ONS Transfer sheets containing reprinted characters symbols and numerals applied by burnishing over an acetate or paper back sheet Continued on next page Al 52 Glossary Continued R Continued RULING PEN An instrument that holds ink between two adjustable blades RUNNING HEAD Thetitle repeated at the top of consecutive pages in a book or magazine SABLE BRUSH A flat or round shaped brush made from the tail hair of a Kolinsky Asiatic mink SAFELIGHT A colored light used to illuminate a darkroom without harming photosensitive film or paper SANDPAPER PAD A pad of sandpaper sheets mounted on a strip of wood used to sharpen a pencil lead or pastel SANS SERIF Without serifs a letter that does not have a finishing stroke SATURATION The purity o
65. Continued on next page Al 60 Glossary Continued T Continued THUMBSPOTS Visual indicators placed on a slide mount to identify the emulsion side of the film and simplify tray loading TILING A fill pattern effect that repeats a pattern over and over TILT CARD A vertical card that requires up and down camera movement TIME LINE A projected plan of execution outlining significant milestones and deadlines used to monitor work in progress closely TINT A mixture of pure color and white TISSUE OVERLAY Thin translucent paper placed over artwork for protection and corrections TITANIUM WHITE An opaque white TITLE BLOCK Space in the lower right comer that contains the identity of the drawing the subject matter the origins the scale and other data TITLE CARD A television card that contains text only TONAL Having gradations of gray or intermediate values TONE 1 A value usually predominate which sets the key 2 A thin layer of paint applied to a ground to eliminate the whiteness of the surface before painting TOOL BOX See BUTTON BAR TOOTH The ability of the paper surface to accept various mediums TORTILLON Also called STUMP or STOMP Tightly rolled paper leather or felt used to blend charcoal pastels pencil chalk or crayon TOUCHE A liquid masking agent or lithographic crayon applied by brush toa lithographic plate or stone Continued on next page Al
66. D FLAPPING FLAT BRUSH A flat oil painting brush that is thicker and with longer bristles than the bright brush FLAT COLOR Color that is dull or grayed or has a matte surface FLAT TONE An area of uniform or even color FLIP CARD One of a series of photographs or drawings shown in sequence to tell a story or deliver a message FLOP To reverse from right to left or vice versa FLOPPY DISK A disk of magnetic oxide that stores electronic data for retrieval by a computer disk drive Continued on next page Al 25 Glossary Continued F Continued FLOW CHART A chart that shows the flow of data through a data processing system and the sequence of their performance FLOUROGRAPHIC See DROP OUT HALFTONE FLUSH Even with the margin or the widest line in a column or page FOCAL POINT Center of interest FOCAL LENGTH The distance from the center of the lens to the film plane FOCI METHOD A method of drawing ellipses by plotting a series of points as their circumference using two points on the major axis foci as reference and connecting these points with french curves FOCUS mage sharpness FOLIO A sheet of paper folded once giving four pages FONT Typeface designs and sizes FORESHORTEN To depict an objector line in less than its true length FORM The shape and structure of an object or figure FORMAL BALANCE SeeBALANCE or SYMMETRY FORMAT A general structure or compo
67. DD Form 1995 1 AUG B7 Page 2 ot 2 Pages OMNP0136 Figure 1 8 Validation Continued on next page 1 18 Regulations Continued OPNAVINST The OPNAVINST 5510 1 is the Navy security manual What you need to 5510 1 know about protecting sensitive information is in this instruction It Department of establishes security measures for handling and marking as well as protection the Navy and safeguards in transmitting and storing classified information Maroma Standardized fleet wide procedures ensure optimum continued and consistent Security protection of information vital to national security Program F F R Regulation The following table contains a list of the most important chapters that you as a DM must know ee Continued on next page 1 19 Regulations Continued SECNAVINST 5213 10 Department of the Navy Forms Management Program SECNAVINST 5215 1 Department of the Navy Directives Issuance System SECNAVINST 5216 5 Navy Correspon dence Manual The Forms Management Program encourages interagency interservice and interdepartmental use of forms Its intent is to reduce duplication of forms and to minimize the creation of new forms Besides standardizing and economizing form use the Directives ssuance System SECNAVINST 5215 1 ensures the currency of local forms by requiring periodic reviews A command review procedure reduces form duplication and obsolescence Procedures for preparing
68. Figure 5 3 Nomenclature of the opaque projector Continued on next page 5 7 Projector Devices Continued Use To project flat objects and objects up to 1 4 inches thick with the opaque projector use the following tables Flat objects Se ee ene a Sma anae neisor C ioana O U Te poem neta oan Feed material into left side of projector while rotating the crank clockwise Objects up to 1 inch thick E a Lower platen assembly to the locked position a2 Remove the roll feed assembly by lifting it off the platen assembly 3 Apply continuous pressure to the platen assembly to prevent the projection stage from snapping back into place ge Place the object on the platen assembly and slowly raise it into place Continued on next page Projection Devices Continued Replacing a bulb Overhead projectors To remove and replace a bulb in an opaque projector use the following tables To remove bulb se Ci iaee O OO ES C ipa va ae oeae OO Overhead projectors project light through a transparent visual onto a mirror that reflects that image to a screen Use an overhead projector for teaching briefing and as a draftsman s aid in enlarging or transferring an image to another surface Major advantages of the overhead projector are portability being able to write directly on the visuals during projection and using the projector in dim classrooms Limitations
69. ICLES OR ABC n PAD Figure 2 72 Common erasers Continued on next page 2 66 Basic Consumables Continued Erasingshields Erasing shields protect areas of a drawing that you do not want to erase They are made of a light gauge spring metal with numerous openings in variegated shapes and sizes Figure 2 73 shows an erasing shield THIN SPRING METAL Figure 2 73 Erasing shield Stumps and Stumps and tortillons blend pencil charcoal pastels and crayons together in tortillons a drawing They are made of kraft paper twisted tightly into blunt and pointed ends When they are dirty throw them away and get a dean one hows stumps and tortillons Figure 2 74 Stumps and tortillons Cutting mats Usea cutting mat to cut out items with a blade They are self sealing and stabilize the blade during cutting K eep the cutting mat clean and remove the wax or adhesive buildup often Continued on next page Basic Consumables Continued Blades Knives or blades come in an assortment of shapes Each shape has a specific purpose Blades normally found in a shop include swivel knives craftsman knives and box cutters Keep a sharp blade in the knife handle Change blades frequently to ensure a clean cut Figure 2 75 shows examples of blades Let personal preference dictate the blade most comfortable for you ih Figure 2 75 Blade shapes Figure 2 76 illustrates knife styles with particular purpos
70. It contains definitions equipment condition codes and a list of J CP forms The NAVPUBINST 5600 44 Reprographics Management Program is a fleet wide standard It defines procedures and terminology delineates copy procedures duplicating and reprographic functions and entitlement It specifically addresses both sea and shore command limitations The primary concern of this instruction is the economical use of copying and reprographic facilities Continued on next page 19 Regulations Continued NAVPUBINST The Copier Production Log is generally used for copying items in small 5600 44 quantity Keep this log near the copy machine and complete it every time a Reprographics copy is made It gives an accurate account of the amount of paper used and a whois using it It also highlights abuses in copier use This is a valuable Continued tool for justifying expenditures in stock and toner shows a Copier Production Log and appropriate log entries 1 i OMNPO128 Figure 1 2 Copier Production Log Continued on next page 1 10 Regulations Continued NAVPUBINST The Economical Copying Limit displays the copier limitations and refers the 5600 44 customers to another machine if their job exceeds the copier capabilities Reprographics Display this sign along with the Copier Production Log prominently near the Management copier Program Continued shows the Economical Copying Limit which is protection for the cop
71. Learn the vocabulary and learn your way around a computer The material in this chapter enables you to do the following Zz Identify the procedures to clean and inspect computer peripherals Z Identify hardware components Zz Correctly install peripheral devices Z Sdect compatible hardware and software accessories Differentiate between hardware and software Continued on next page 3 1 Overview Continued Acronyms The following table contains a list of acronyms that you must know to understand the material in this chapter ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange Fc oeras O O CPU Central Processing Unit C Continued on next page 3 2 Overview Continued Acronyms Continued C C e C moo eoa OO fram fonao O on Reon Memo OO Continued on next page 3 3 Overview Continued In this chapter This chapter covers the following topics 3 4 Hardware Introduction General maintenance Computer hardware is all the equipment and devices associated with the operation of a computer system Everything that is tangible or touchable regarding the computer is hardware including the disks used to program the computer Hardware is divided into input devices edit devices output devices and input output devices Practice the following general maintenance procedures to maintain your computer in peak operating efficiency Ke
72. NAVPUBINST 5600 44 NAVPUB 5600 27 Duplicating Production Log Appendix NAVPUBINST 5600 44 NAVPUB 5600 28 Reproduction Production Log Appendix NAVPUBINST 5600 44 DD Form 844 Requisition for Local 0102 L F 010 2700 Duplicating Service CP No 1 Semi amual Printing Plant Local or regional Inventory Defense Printing Service CP No 5 Annual Plant Inventory Local or regional Defense Printing Service CP No 6 Annual Inventory of Stored Local or regional Equipment Defense Printing Service Continued on next page 1 33 Forms Continued Standard forms ios DD Visual Information V1 OP 09BG Annual Activity Report DD 2054 2 Audiovisual AV Production CNO OP 09BG and Library Report OPNAV 5290 1 Request for Audiovisual 0107 LF 031 5081 Services OPNAV 5290 3 Navy Visual Information CNO OP 09BG Activity Authorization Request DD 1995 1 Visual Information Production 0102 LF 019 9511 Request Evacuation and Approval DD 1995 2 Visual Information VI 0102 L F 019 9506 Production Report OPNAV 3150 16 Audiovisual Activity J ob 0107 L F 031 5080 Order Files Introduction Responsibility Containers The way a shop files data correspondence original drawings tracings negatives and large or roll size drawings is unique to each shop Often it is dictated by the available storage containers and space The effectiveness of a filing system is simply material retrievability Th
73. NDIX GLOSSARY One important key to success in any technical rate is the language associated with it Learn the glossary as an integral part of your learning process Use the terms other professionals are using in your field ACCENT LIGHT A light that highlights or emphasizes the subject in a scene ACETATE Tough transparent or semitransparent sheets available in various thicknesses used as overlays in color separation friskets in retouching eels for animated drawings and displays Treated acetate readily accepts ink and paint ACHROMATIC Black white and the grays in between ACRYLIC PAINTS SeePOLYMER ACTINIC LIGHT The short waves of the light spectrum green blue and ultraviolet that cause chemical changes in light sensitive photographic emulsions ACTION LINES Extra lines drawn around or following a cartoon figure or object to emphasize motion ACTIVATOR The solution or chemical that starts the reaction of the developing agent in a photosensitized emulsion ADDITIVE PROCESS A process that produces white light by starting with darkness and combining colored light ADHESIVE 1 A gelatin or casein used as a binder in pigment 2 A chemical compound used as a glue Continued on next page Al 1 Glossary Continued A Continued ADVANCING COLORS Colors that appear to come forward such as red yellow and orange AESTHETIC Pertaining to the beautiful particularly in
74. PLICATION BLOCK The part of a drawing of a subassembly showing the reference number for the drawing of the assembly or adjacent subassembly ARC A portion of a curved line ARC LAMP A light source resulting from the application of current to two carbon electrodes that form an electric arc ARCHITECT S SCALE A scale used when dimensions or measurements represent feet and inches AREA PICTURE The flat surface within the border of a picture ARROWHEAD An indicator shaped like an elongated triangle used at the end of a lead line to direct attention to an object or a point of reference ART Any copy other than text any photograph painting or drawing in line halftone or continuous tone ART BRUSHES See BRUSHES ART GUM A soft grit free eraser used to clean drawings and remove unwanted pencil lines ARTIST S BOARD See LLUSTRATION BOARD ARTWORK Illustrations drawings photographs renderings paintings sketches and copy Continued on next page Al 3 Glossary Continued A Continued ASCENDERS The part of lowercase letters that project above the main body waistline such ash d and f ASPECT RATIO The proportion of the media format that governs the size of the original artwork ASSEMBLE EDITING Putting scenes in chronological or progressive order ASYMMETRICAL An informal balance of objects or sections of equal mass and weight on each side of a center line
75. PROPORTIONAL DIVIDERS A drafting instrument used for transferring measurements from one scale to another or to divide lines and drcles into equal parts PROPORTIONAL SPACING Also called DIFFERENTIAL LETTERSPACING The spacing of characters in proportion to size by means of the typewriters and office composing machines used in the preparation of cold composition copy PROPS Accents or accessories that identify the time frame or location of a subject PROTRACTOR A circular or semicircular rule for measuring off the degree of an angle QUILL PEN SeeCROW QUILL A pen nib made from a feature quill RADIAL FILL Tofill an object with color pattern or shade that appears to radiate from the center of the object RADIATION A divergence of lines tones or colors from a common point to different directions IUMXUS A straight line from the center of a circle or sphere toa point on its circumference RADIUS CURVE A drawing tool used to draw arcs of a predetermined radius Continued on next page Al 49 Glossary Continued R Continued RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY Also called RAM Retrievable computer memory accessible at will without sequential reading RANGEFINDER The ground glass in a camera used to focus an image RASTER BASE D An image based on the manipulation of a matrix of pixels or dots RASTER IMAGE PROCESSOR Also called RIP A device for converting vector based imagery to high resolution
76. RA An opaque watercolor paint that uses egg yoke as a binder ELECTRONIC IMAGING The creation enhancement and alteration of images through electronic or computer digitization ELEVATION A four view drawing of a structure showing front sides and rear ELITE A type size for typewriters approximating 10 point printing type having 12 characters to the linear inch of copy and 6 lines to the vertical inch ELLIPSE The enclosed plane forming a regular oval where the shortest dimension through the center is the minor axis and the longest dimension is the major axis EM A measure of type equal to the square of the type body derived from early type practices in which the letter M was cast on a square body EMPHASIS Stress or accent on any part of a design or picture EMULSION A suspension of fine drops or globules of one liquid in another liquid Continued on next page Al 22 Glossary Continued E Continued EN A measure of type equal to one half of an EM ENCRUSTING Taking a video image and wrapping it around an image of an object ENGINEERING DRAWING An orthographic drawing of a piece of equipment or of its detailed parts containing information and instructions sufficient for manufacture ENGINEER S SCALE A scale used whenever dimensions are in feet and decimal parts of a foot or when a scale ratio is a multiple of 10 ERASING SHIELD A small thin spring metal plate with vari
77. RAY DISTILLED WATER AMMONIA FEED GRAVITY FEED SYSTEM ANHYDROUS SYSTEM DMPO Figure 4 2 Ammonia vapor production Continued on next page 4 10 Diazo Machines Continued Major sections A diazo machine has four major components These components are a printing section a developing section a cooling system and an exhaust system PRINTING SECTION The printing section contains a light source the reflector assembly a printing cylinder and the feed belts shows the configuration of the printing section x THE DEVELOPING SECTION CYLINDER PICKOFF ASSEMBLY AND GUIDE ROLLER CYLINDER REFLECTOR ASSEMBLY MERCURY VAPOR LAMP PRINTER FEED BELTS Figure 4 3 The printing section Continued on next page 411 Diazo Machines Continued Major sections DEVELOPING SECTION The developing section houses the stainless steel Continued developing tank and the heater rods shows the developing section DEVELOPING TANK F HEATER RODS THE PRINTING SECTION T Figure 4 4 The developing section Continued on next page 4 12 Diazo Machines Continued Major sections COOLING and EXHAUST SECTIONS The cooling section contains the Continued blower and timer that cool the heating rods and drip trays The exhaust section monitored by the blower and timer expels fumes through exterior ducts and deposits residue into the residue collection bottle in the base of the machin
78. Store brushes in a clean condition and in the upright position Never allow a brush to dry or set on its bristles This permanently curls the bristles and ruins the brush for further use Use a glass a mug or a brush holder to store brushes when they are not in use Figure 2 69 shows correctly stored brushes Figure 2 69 Store brushes correctly The choice of a brush depends on the intended use the desired effect and the nature of the pigment Many types of natural and synthetic bristles or hair are available in all shapes Your creativity will dictate selection of the appropriate brush however the novice should follow these guidelines for red sable camel hair and ox hair RED SABLE Truered sable is the most desirable brush to use Use it primarily for watercolor and washes It has a great capacity for holding pigment and water while retaining a spring in the bristles Red sable brushes are very responsive when used with water soluble pigments They become less responsive with heavy bodied pigments such as oil and acrylic Continued on next page 2 58 Brushes Continued Brush hair Continued Oil brushes CAMEL HAIR Camel hair is a mixture of squirrel skunk badger and pony hair These brushes are extremely soft and have less spring in the bristles than red sable Camel hair brushes with very long bristles letter well on smooth surfaces Pin stripes are made by a camel hair dagger brush Camel hair brights
79. TAIRS 3 12 HOUSING INTERIOR WORKSHOP amp TOOLS 3 11 HOUSING INTERIOR Meese QS DMNPO147 Figure 1 22 Tabbed folders 1 38 Supply Introduction Waste Estimating supplies Purchasing new equipment Purchasing consumables At some time in your career you will be responsible for maintaining and ordering supplies Plentiful supplies ensure that all workers have what they need to perform a task and that your shop remains versatile and fully capable Monitor your shop for waste and abuses in supply use Curb the tendency to loan or give supplies away Correct abuses minimize waste and use limited shelf life items before the expiration date The amount of wasted supplies should not exceed 2 percent of the total supplies used on a job Inventory the supplies on hand regularly Information from the job log on completed job requests current job requests and upcoming special projects combined with prospective deployments and exercises will show trends in quantity Common sense gleaned from past experience will guide your decisions to order the quantities required to maintain adequate supply levels When purchasing new equipment project the future requirements of your shop and what technology offers to fill those needs Consider the equipment life expectancy and service contracts offered by the manufacturer Increased quality ease of performance and increased production should be the eff
80. Z review to understand Z quiz or test regularly Continued on next page 1 48 Supervision Continued Training Continued Accountability The following are additional Navy training manuals you may want to study Ne Ne Ne Blueprint Reading and Sketching NAVEDTRA 12014 Lithographer s Mate 3 amp 2 NAVEDTRA 10451 Photographer s Mate Basic NAVEDTRA 12700 Z Photographer s Mate Advanced NAVEDTRA 12701 Zz Zz Navy Customer Service Manual NAVEDTRA 12972 Navy Correspondence Manual NAVEDTRA 13091 Check with your Educational Services Office concerning the availability of the BIBs and PARs electronically Regardless of your position in the chain of command take responsibility for your actions Take charge of your professional and personal behavior Invest in how the shop is run Be responsible for applying what you learn to what you do Inform your seniors on all matters impacting the shop and seek assistance if needed Do your job to the best of your ability 1 49 J ob Orders Introduction Format Local forms J ob order log J ob orders are requests for a product that requires the expenditure of funds and man hours J ob orders accompany the job to completion They area record of the dassification of the job the originating department the code or activity the originator and a phone number The job order shows who did the job how long it took and how much supplies were used J ob orders shoul
81. acturer and because there are so many desk top publishing programs used in Navy Graphics shops this segment covers only those features common to a majority of programs Desk top publishing software features can be broken into three basic categories These categories composition layout and graphics combine to make a comprehensive package for designing and publishing documents COMPOSITION Composition defines the sizes and styles of type the amount of space between horizontal letters and vertical lines and the coding of the text copy to meet standards You can edit text directly or input text from documents created in a word processing program and imported into the DTP software LAYOUT Layout involves the arrangement of text and graphics on the page Electronic pasting moves text from one portion to another and incorporates illustrations into the text Some features include multiple columns column widths and gutter space manipulation printing vertically or horizontally on a page automatic copyfitting automatic page numbering and adding headers and footers Continued on next page 3 36 Desk Top Publishing Programs Continued Desk top GRAPHICS Desk top publishing graphics features can scan or import publishing illustrations graphics either from hard copy or digital data You can add software images borders lines and arrows You can alter or edit images by features shrinking or expanding them and create a layer
82. ae and thin strokes made on the tablet to the screen s Figure 3 4 shows a pressure sensitive or electronic tablet Figure 3 4 A pressure sensitive or electronic tablet Light pens Light pens are similar to ball point pens however the drawing surface is the screen itself The light pen activates the photoelectric circuits of the screen to produce an image Microphones Microphones prompt voice activated computers to perform specific functions The computer recognizes a voice pattern and responds by following the command Similarly musical instruments can be fed through a computer to create electronically enhanced recordings 3 11 Edit Devices Introduction The primary editing device of a computer is the system unit that houses the central processing unit CPU and the disk drive The CPU reads software and directs the actions of the peripherals and the disk drive electronically stores and retrieves software and information System unit The large box that endoses the CPU and the disk drive is called the system unit A horizontally oriented system unit lies flat on a desk top A system unit that stands upright is a tower unit The system unit houses the motherboard the disk drives the power supply and the expansion ports Figure 3 5 shows a system unit DESKTOP SYSTEM UNIT ORIENTATION POWER SUPPLY MOTHERBOARD BEK ORNES INSIDE THE SYSTEM UNIT Figure 3 5 The system unit Continued
83. age Figure 4 17 shows how an image passes through an SLR camennoe Figure 4 17 View through a SLR Camera Camera components are similar to those of a process camera There is a film components or focal plane a lens and the object or a copyboard Shutter speed settings and apertures or f stops are adjustable There is also a setting to indicate the film speed to the automatic sensors in the camera Lenses are interchangeable on 35mm cameras Continued on next page 4 38 Cameras Continued Lenses Camera lenses have different ranges that make some lenses more suited to copy work than others Range refers to focal length or the distance between the lens plane and the focal plane Lens range may be long short standard variable or macro The speed of a lens increases as focal length decreases LONG RANGE Long range lenses are telephoto lenses Use these lenses to draw an image doser Ideal for action or sports photography they require more light and faster film than standard lenses SHORT RANGE Short range lenses are fast lenses with a wide angle of view They are excellent for photographing large expanses in limited space and panoramic views STANDARD RANGE Standard range lenses most dosely record the image as seen by the human eye Distortion is relatively negligible VARIABLE RANGE Variablerange lenses are zoom lenses or lenses in which the focal length changes at the option of the photographer MACRO
84. an ink riser is to raise the drawing aid slightly off the drawing surface so that ink will not bleed underneath it If you do much ink work put ink risers on the back of the drawing aid you use most frequently To make an ink riser follow this table Clean the back of the drawing aid 2 Evenly cover the back with masking tape taking care not to overlap tape Add a second layer of tape at right angles to the first layer With a fresh sharp blade cut openings approximately 3 32 larger than the openings of the template or the edge of the triangle or curve 5 Remove unwanted tape 6 Periodically clean riser and remove and replace as necessary Figure 2 54 shows a 30 60 degree triangle with an ink riser of masking tape Figure 2 54 Triangle with an ink riser 2 46 Scales Introduction Triangular scales Scales measure increments The most common shaped scales are the triangular two bevel opposite bevel and four bevel They vary not only in shape but in style division and type When properly cared for scales will last a lifetime Never rap a scale on a table or hard edge Do not cut or draw lines against the machined increments of a scale face Figure 2 55 shows the most common scale shapes TRIANGULAR TWO BEVEL OPPOSITE BEVEL FOUR BEVEL Figure 2 55 Common scale shapes Triangular scales provide six scale faces on one rule Each scale face is double numbered exce
85. and flats are used for oil and acrylic paint OX HAIR Ox hair brushes are strong bristled brushes These coarse bristles are made into flats and brights Use ox hair brushes to do rigid lettering and for painting with oils and acrylics SYNTHETIC HAIR Synthetic fiber hair is rapidly replacing natural bristles in brush construction Synthetics have the spring and resiliency to withstand abuse from multi medium use and chemical cleaners Fan shaped brushes most often appear with synthetic bristles Synthetic bristle brushes work well in any medium If you use both water and oil based paints dedicate a set of brushes to oil based paints only After deaning the brushes and before storing them add a drop of oil to the bristles This keeps the bristles pliable and lessens the effect of the harsh chemicals used to clean them Store them in an enclosed container to m We airborne contaminants A set of brushes dedicated to oil based paints will also eliminate the chance of your confusing them with brushes used for water based paints Once you use a water based paint brush in oil based paints you should not use it for a water based pigment again Continued on next page 2 59 Brushes Continued Caring for After using a brush dean it thoroughly and store it A brush properly cared brushes for will last many years Throw away crusted and curled brushes or reuse them as disposable paste brushes To clean a brush follow this table Remove a
86. and maintaining local forms are specific Before reproducing a local form check to make sure the local coordinator usually located in the administrative offices approves the form for continued reproduction The originators of the reproduction request are responsible for making sure local forms have approval but not many do The designation for approved local forms or instructions is in the lower left hand comer of the page The Navy Correspondence Manual defines the standard format for internal memos and memorandums and letters that will leave the command It dissects a letter explaining the purpose and impact of each section Communicating intelligently in writing is a prerequisite to any successful career An excellent correspondence course is available through the Educational Services Office Continued on next page 1 20 Regulations Continued SECNAVINST 5210 11 Department of the Navy Standard Subject Identification Codes SSIC SECNAVINST 5500 4 Department of the Navy Reporting of Missing Lost Stolen or Recovered MLSR Government Property The SSIC is a standardized filing procedure that creates a filing system where files are easily expandable and retrievable All administrative correspondence is based on this system which consists of five sections and thirteen major subject groups Primarily numeric further cross referencing and subdivision yield a highly flexible filing system When you withdraw a fil
87. anliness and material condition as it is sometimes the frost and only contact someone may have with a command A briefing theater or any room used as a classroom or conference room should be quiet both inside and outside Sound absorbing material inside the room lessens equipment noise and voices speaking at enhanced volumes Upholstered furniture drapes and carpeting all absorb sound to varying degrees Prohibit loitering outside the theater and post passageway signs requesting silence Noise from outside is distracting to those inside the theater trying to concentrate on a speaker The temperature in the briefing theater should be controllable Keep the room cool without coldness Overly warm temperatures lull the audience into slumber Air should drculate regularly and often particularly if the theater is full Use lighting dramatically in the theater Light the theater in three distinct stages before the presentation during the presentation and after the presentation Locate lights above the speaker in front of the screen over the audience and in the back of the room Locate light switches near exits on the podium and in the projection booth Light switches maybe on off switches or dimmer switches BEFORE THE PRESENTATION Before the presentation begins turn the lights on over the audience Once the audience is seated the lights over them go out and the lights behind them in front of the screen and over the speaker go on
88. aper path replenish toner if needed and retrieve jammed documents from rollers Oe Insert master into feed tray o pmo O o ie Continued on next page Copiers Continued Copier maintenance When a copier needs more toner or a new ribbon the copies will appear progressively lighter in tone They will be uneven in resolution and color balance To change toner or ribbon follow this table Follow instructions posted on the machine interior in the operating manual and call key operator z marono s formene O 1 Reve and discard ania or one 49 Diazo Machines Introduction General types Diazo machines have been around a long time Navy shops still have these workhorses tucked away in reproduction rooms Although diminished in importance these machines continue to produce good quality cost effective correctable reproductions on paper Mylar vellum and acetate foils Two general systems are in use in diazo process machines The first is a continuous gravity feed ammonia system These machines drop ammonia at the rate of 50 to 60 drops per minute into a tray where heater rods vaporize the ammonia into developing fumes The second type of diazo system is the anhydrous ammonia system that mixes ammonia vapor with distilled water Figure 4 2 illustrates ammonia vapor production in a gravity feed and an anhydrous system ANNONA VAPOR HEATER ROOS T
89. ate press together A manual machine has a hand operated crank letterspacing adjustment letter height adjustment pressure adjustment tape holder and font templates To use a manual machine follow this table 3 Se enen np OOOO ste Em 3 Set pressure adjustment as indicated on font plate Insert font plate of desired letter into channel at the top of the machine 1 ine Make certain the ridges on the font plate face the back toward tape 3 Rotate hand crank one complete revolution 9 Remove font plate from machine and replace in order in carrier 10 Continue process until word or phrase is complete Continued on next page 4 24 Pressure Process Lettering Machines Continued Automatic machines cutout image Tapes carbon Tapes cutout Automatic machines for cutout letters symbols are exactly like their manual counterpart except for the cutter at the back of the machine On a manual machine the tape is tom by hand across a serrated edge On an automatic machine the tape is cut by pushing a button that activates a guillotine type cutter near the tape holder Directions for use of an automatic machine are identical to those for a manual machine Carbon image tapes are available in combinations of paper or vinyl opaque or transparent adhesive or nonadhesive backed white background colored background white letters and colored letters Carbon image tape has a soft surface
90. ates the quality of the instrument and its ability to hold a set There are three types of hinges Figure 2 24 depicts the three types of compass hinges weir SYRAOHTENING AAN Figure 24 Compass joints Continued on next page Cased Instruments Continued Compasses To use a compass follow this table Continued Step Action 1 Make sure the needlepoint projects 1 64 inch beyond the nib Set compass legs to radius of desired circle or arc Figure C Place needle carefully in exact center of proposed drcle Figure D 2 3 4 Slowly lower nib to paper 5 Rotate compass to complete circle Figure E 6 Check diameter of circle for accuracy Figure F Figure 2 25 illustrates the steps for drawing a cirde Figure 2 25 A Determine diameter of circle B Draw center lines C D E and F follow chart Continued on next page Cased Instruments Continued Compasses Protect the compass needle with cork or eraser bits Periodically check the Continued leg alignment Keep the pen clean and free of ink buildup Wipe the compass with a light oil cloth and return it to the case Do not oil the joints To check compass alignment follow this table Spread legs on compass Bend joints toward center Needle and nib should touch Figure 2 26 illustrates a test for alignment of the compass legs Figure 2 26 Testing a pivot joint compass for alignment Continued on next pag
91. ation of colors COLOR INTERVAL The degree of visual difference between two colors as measured by hue value and intensity COLOR KEY The overall effect of the selected pallette for instance a high key illustration of light bright or vibrant color and a low key illustration of dull or monotonous colors COLOR NOTATION The specification of color by written symbols and numerals based on an established color system used on sketches for future reference COLOR PROOF An engraver s or printer s proof showing the effect of final color in perfect registration COLOR SCALE A series of colors that display a change or gradation in hue value and intensity COLOR SCHEME A group of colors that dominate a picture or create a unity within it Continued on next page Al 13 Glossary Continued C Continued COLOR SEPARATION 1 The photographic process of separating full color originals into the primary printing colors 2 An artist manually separating the originals for full color reproduction in the creation stage of a master artwork COLOR SKETCH A rough drawing or layout approximating the color in the final picture COLOR SYMBOLISM The use of color to signify or suggest an emotion idea or characteristic COLOR WHEEL A circular color chart with colors arranged according to their positions as a primary secondary or tertiary color COLUMN 1 A section of text or other matter that make
92. b as necessary Figure 2 41jillustrates a correctly held reservoir pen Figure 2 41 Holding a reservoir pen Continued on next page Pens Continued Reservoir pens Continued Pen care Figure 2 42 illustrates the consequences of improper pen handling INK ON OUTSIDE PEN BLADES RAN UNDER T SQUARE PEN BLADES NOT KEPT PARALEL TO T SQUARE NIB OF PEN PRESSED AGAINST T SQUARE TOO HARD NIB OF PEN SLOPED AWAY FROM T SQUARE haa NIB OF PEN SLOPED TOWARD T SQUARE Nees T SQUARE OR TRIANGLE SLIPPED INTO WET LINE NOT ENOUGH INK TO FINISH LINE Figure 2 42 Defective ink lines Pen nibs and reservoir pens must be kept dean Crusted ink will ruin a drawing that is in progress rust a nib and permanently freeze a technical pen Pen nibs are easily deaned in warm water with a mild detergent Use water and ammonia to remove stubborn ink When you are using an ultrasonic cleanser do not leave a reservoir pen in the cleanser for a long time Heat from the vibrating cycles will melt the retaining cap Before you clean a reservoir pen consider the following guidelines Z thoroughly clean the pen before periods of nonuse Z disassemble the pen only for thorough cleaning and Z handle all parts carefully Continued on next page 2 35 Pens Continued Reservoir pens To dean a reservoir pen follow this table Continued Remove the holder damp ring and reservoir cartridge Empty
93. bevel scale Figure 2 60 F our bevel scale Continued on next page 2 49 Scales Continued Division Division style Scales are either engine divided or stendiled painted Engine division is highly accurate and etched into the scale face Stendiled or painted increments are less accurate and easily worn away A DM must know four terms relating to the way in which increments are displayed on a scale that a DM must know These are open divided fully divided double numbered and single numbered OPEN DIVIDED On an open divided scale only the main increments are shown There is one fully subdivided increment on the end of the scale to the left of the 0 point Measurements of full units are read from the right of the 0 while partial increments are left of the 0 FULLY DIVIDED All increments on a fully divided scale are shown This makes it easier to use but not easier to read DOUBLE NUMBERED The convenience of a double numbered scale are that it reads from left to right and from right to left allowing two different scales to appear on the same scale face SINGLE NUMBERED This is by far the easiest scale division to read because there is only one scale per face and it is usually fully divided Continued on next page 2 50 Scales Continued Division style Figure 2 61jillustrates how different 1 1 2 inches appear on differing scale Continued faces OPEN DIVIDED lt 1 5 p FULLY DIVIDED
94. bmit are only as good as the accuracy of the information on them Inaccurate figures misrepresent situations and lead to misunderstandings that may cost the shop funding and billet structure So be accurate TIMELINESS Complete tasks both administrative and shop on time Submitting input late is like not submitting input at all Seniors and subordinates appreciate and respond to timely consideration When you are unable to complete an item quickly conduct regular follow ups and provide updates to individuals concerned If you are a supervisor you are the frost and primary link to rating knowledge You have a responsibility to train subordinates and educate seniors about your rate You are the most experienced person onboard at your level of expertise in your field Make reference material available and explore new technologies and products If you are not the supervisor your obligation is to attend training study all reference materials and learn new skills actively The following are a few recommendations for an effective training program Z Assemble all reference materials Z current bibliography BIB Z Personnel Advancement Requirements PARS Z directives and instructions Z rate training manual Z manufacturer s instruction manuals Z civilian references Z Establish a set time Z without interruptions and as part of regular work routine same day and time weekly 1 hour minimum Z Review all material 3 months before exam
95. c or acrylic used to cover a surface LAMPBLACK A very fine black pigment used in various black paints and inks LASER An acronym for Light Amplification by Simulated Emission of Radiation LASER PRINTER A high resolution printer that uses laser technology to create an image LAYING IN The initial broad application of tone toa picture LAYOUT The arrangement of a book a magazine or other publication so that text and illustrations follow a desired format LEADING Spacing between lines of type measured in points LEADER LINE Thin unbroken lines used to connect numbers references or notes to appropriate surfaces Continued on next page Al 33 Glossary Continued L Continued LEAF A single sheet that includes both sides LEAK An accidental escape of fill color or texture from an objector shape not completely enclosed by pixels LENS Optical glass components arranged in a formation that creates a focal point at a specific distance from a screen LENS DIAPHRAGM Controls the amount of light allowed to reach the film LEGEND A description of any special or unusual marks symbols or line connections LENTICULAR SCREEN A projection screen with a surface patterned to reflect a projected image with minimum glare LETTERHEAD 1 The printed matter usually the name and address of a company at the head of a sheet of letter quality paper 2 A sheet of paper bearing a l
96. cal environment 5 30 projection areal 5 33 seating 5 33 scheduling 5 31 paces a temperature 5 29 Brushes 2 56 bristles _2 58 2 59 cleaning _2 60 shapes _ 2 57 storage types 2 56 Cameras 4 31 aperture _ 4 40 film speed general maintenance 4 31 lenses 4 39 lighting 4 35 light temperature 4 36 process camera 4 34 4 33 4 34 Continued on next page INDEX 1 INDEX Continued C Continued Cameras continued reflectors 4 36 shutter speed slide duplicators 4 42 35mm le ert Cased Instruments 2 19 beam compasses _2 26 cases compasse 2 23 2 24 2 25 dividers 2 20 2 211 2 22 extension bars 2 26 proportional dividers 2 20 Communications _3 33 Local Area Networks LAN 3 38 Wide Area Networks WAN 3 38 Copiers 4 6 color copiers 4 6 maintenance 4 9 options 4 7 standard copiers 4 6 use and operator checks 4 8 volume range and speed Customer Service 1 53 D Desk Top Publishing Programs 3 36 features _3 36 3 37 programs Diazo Machines 4 10 diazo masters 4 16 diazo material exposure 4 16 maintenance 4 15 major sections 4 1 4 12 4 13 safety 4 15 start up and shutdown 4 14 a Continued on next page INDEX 2 INDEX Continued D Continued Drawing Aids _2 37 adjustable triangles 2 38 flexible curve rule handmade templates _ 2 45 ink risers 2 46 irregu
97. ce that adds or creates effects to visual images during recording on videotape SPECIAL IRREGULAR CURVE Irregular curves for a specific purpose such as ship s curves mechanical engineer s curves conic sections logarithmic spirals and flexible curve rules SPECTRUM The arrangement of colors side by side as refracted by a prism SPEEDBALL PENS Lettering and drawing pens manufactured by the Hunt Manufacturing Company that are the hallmark of hand lettering pen ribs SPEED LINES Extra lines following a moving figure or object in a cartoon representing the disturbance the movement causes in the atmosphere Continued on next page Al 56 Glossary Continued S Continued SPHERE A form where all points are equidistant from the center SPINE The bound edge of a book SPLINE A flexible rule held in place by lead ducks used to draw irregular curves SPLIT BRUSH TECHNIQUE Also called DRY BRUSH TECHNIQUE Painting or drawing with a brush having the hairs separated to form more than one point SPLIT COMPLEMENT A color scheme that uses a key hue with the two colors that lie adjacent to its opposite on the color wheel SPLIT FIELD A rangefinder that focuses an image by dividing the image in half and requiring alignment into a whole SPOT COLOR Using a combination of two individual colors a main color usually black and an accent color instead of a full color output SQUEEGEE 1 An
98. ces attention on the person delivering the presentation It also serves to support the speaker s notes for teaching or briefing A lectern maybe static merely a platform the speaker stands behind or near Lecterns may also be electrified Lecterns with power options provide the speaker with control over room lights projection devices and microphone operation and volume Some podiums have signal indicators or idiot lights to alert the speaker that the behind the scenes crew is experiencing trouble with the presentation Keep a lectern clean and in good repair Do not allow food or drink near the podium particularly if it is electrified Place a command logo or Navy emblem on the front of the podium This may be the first and only impression your command makes on a visiting dignitary or new personnel Flannel felt boards are large boards covered with felt or flannel material Lightweight letters and pictures with a slightly abrasive backing stick to the board surface Use flannel felt boards for static displays storytelling and teaching shows the abrasive backing on an object used on a flannel board Figure 5 7 Flannel felt board and backing Continued on next page 5 21 Lecture Aids Continued Hook and loop boards Marker board multipurpose board Chalkboards Hook and loop boards are similar to flannel felt boards The material used to cover the board is a nylon loop material The material used to cover
99. creen heights from the screen and no farther than eight screen heights back away from the screen Position all projectors to project an image over the heads of the audience To prevent keystoning tilt the screen until the distortion disappears Figure 5 11 shows the position of the audience and projectors in relation to the screen FARTHEST VIEWER Figure 5 11 Screen position Continued on next page 5 27 Screen Continued Keystoning Keystoning appears when the projector lens is not perpendicular to the screen or deck The distorted image appears as a wedge shape To correct the keystone effect tilt the screen toward the projector on the end displaying the smallest part of the wedge Figure 5 12 shows the keystone effect a KEYSTONING a CORRECT OMNPOI23 Figure 5 12 The keystone effect 5 28 Briefing Theater Introduction Purpose Theater environment Temperature Lighting Nothing is more impressive to an individual than walking into a new command for a presentation and seeing a state of the art presentation theater It is espedally awesome to have the presentation flawlessly executed Few commands are fortunate enough to have a room specifically designated as a briefing theater Many commands have conference rooms and classrooms In each instance this is a space set aside for the specific purpose of teaching briefing meeting or holding mast This room warrants special consideration for de
100. ction Standard forms exist within the supply system that are sufficiently generic to use Navy wide Using these preexisting forms eliminates duplication at the local level Use standard forms whenever possible It saves manpower supplies and time Newly created forms should comply with Forms Analysis and Design 058 LP 502 0000 Obtain a copy of the Navy Stocklist of Publications and Forms NAVSUP P 2002 to locate current form numbers and revisions Standard forms The following table provides a partial list of standardized forms used throughout the Navy that you will use frequently C om e f e DD Form 1149 Requisitioning and Invoice Shipping Document DD Form 1348 Requisition System Document Manual ordering supplies DD Form 200 Financial Liability Investigation of Property Loss OF Form 23 Chargeout Record checking files in out long form OF Form 24 Chargeout Record checking files in out OF Form 25 Chargeout Record checking files in out 1 32 0102 LF 007 2300 0102 LF 001 3491 NAVSUP 1250 1 Supply Requisition NAVSUP 1250 2 Supply Requisition 0102 LF 011 9100 7540 00 823 8130 7540 00 823 8131 7540 00 823 8132 Continued on next page Forms Continued Continued Purpose OPNAV 5213 18 0107 LF 052 1390 OPNAV 5213 19 Request for New or Revised 0107 LF 052 1397 Forms NAVPUB 5600 26 Copier Production Log Appendix NAVPUBINST 5600 44 NAVPUB 5600 29 Economical Copying Limit Appendix
101. d All personnel must now have their rooms physically inven toried before checkout televisions fetes a perman ently secured within rooms mo anchor pad NAVAL AIR NORTH ISLAND CA CA 2010 Figure 1 11 DD Form 200 back Continued on next page 1 23 Regulations Continued SECNAVINST 5870 6 Copyright in Works of Authorship Prepared by Department of the Navy Personnel SECNAVINST 5870 5 Permission to Copy Materials Subject to Copyright Copyright in Works of Authorship Prepared by Department of the Navy Personnel SECNAVINST 5870 6 dearly states that work prepared by an officer or employee of the United States Government while in an offical capacity is not eligible for copyright The definition of official capacity or official duties is defined by this instruction as are some exceptions which would allow a copyright The purpose of SECNAVINST 5870 5 Permission to Copy Material Subject to Copyright is to prescribe the procedures for obtaining permission from copyright owners to use their copyrighted material The instruction describes copyright infringement copyright markings and details the guidelines one should follow to request permission to use information free of charge or at cost It also ascribes responsibilities for infringement to the user activity and lists a point of contact for clarification and administrative daims illustrates common copyright markings YEAR OF FIRST PUBLICATION MENNI
102. d also indicate who picked the job up and when Retain job orders for 1 year or until a new fiscal year begins before discarding Your job request may be the standard Navy job request or it maybe a local form Local forms need to present a complete picture of information to the worker Supervisors must make sure there is enough information on the job order for the worker to do the job without having to do additional calculations or finding more information Base the information for the construction of a local job order form on the reporting criteria for the VI annual report This will simplify report requirements by building in readily quantifiable figures Add to this information the date when the job entered the shop and the date due There should be a section where the shop LPO can make specific comments to the worker or assign a priority and an area for a pick up signature and date Specific guidance for designing job order request forms is in SECNAVINST 5290 1 Enter incoming job orders into a job order log book Give them a sequential number and write down information including a brief description of the job in the log This is an invaluable aid in tracking the progress of a job throughout the shop Later this information will gauge predictability in the history and trends in work load and supply use You will have a ready reference for job status man hours spent on a job and a record of who picked up the job and when Maintain this boo
103. d dirt by wiping with a soft lint free cloth 2 Handle bulb carefully making sure not to touch it with your bare hands Place bulb in bulb socket Replace spring clip Close lamp assembly cover Run projector with lamp on low setting for 5 minutes before reusing projector Continued on next page 5 15 Projection Devices Continued Slide projector accessories Dissolve units Programmers Slide projectors have many accessories to create a custom system that works for your needs Slide trays hold slides in sequence locked into place in increments from 60 to 180 slides Stack loaders allow the rapid loading and the easy rearrangement of slides Remote control cords with connections of varying lengths allow the operator mobility during presentation These remotes signal the projector to go forward in reverse and to power focus Variable focus lenses are available in long and short ranges to minimize distortion in unusual presentation situations One accessory that contributes to a professional presentation is a dissolve unit Most dissolve units are multi functioning that is they fade an image into black or into another image or have flashing or overlay capabilities One or more projectors change an otherwise static presentation into a dynamic display Programmers offer the operator an opportunity to code a series of functions or special effects into their slide presentation Common special
104. d primarily for conveying information Continued on next page Al 28 Glossary Continued G Continued GRAPHIC INTERFACE Screen graphics on the computer screen that make the computer easier to use GRAPHICS PRINTER A high resolution printer capable of printing graphic images GRAPHICS TABLET An electronic input device that allows the user to draw on the tablet before committing the image to memory GRAPHITE The black marking substance in a lead pencil GRAVER A needle or square pointed tool used to scratch lines into scratchboard GRAVURE A photomechanical printing process intaglio with the images recessed below the surface of the plate GRAY A color formed by mixing black and white or complementary colors GRISAILLE A decorative gray monochromatic painting designed to create the illusion of a bias relief sculpture GUM ARABIC A water soluble gum used as a binder in some watercolors and tempura paints GUTTER 1 Theinner margin of a printed page extending from the printed portion to the fold or binding 2 The area between two columns on a printed page HALF SECTION A combination of an orthographic projection and a section view to show two halves of a symmetrical object HALFTONE A tonal pattern of shades from white through black defined by a series of dots Continued on next page Al 29 Glossary Continued H Continued HALFTONE SCREEN A screen placed
105. ded Z long lasting Z self sealing Z most popular Z available as translucent for light tables Mylar Z long lasting Z dimensionally stable Cork Z permanent Z use on badly scarred tabletops Continued on next page 2 6 Furniture Continued Table coverings Apply new table coverings periodically and according to the following Continued procedures Cellulose acetate paper Roll out and cut paper to fit table Wet paper and place on table Tape around table edges Paper will expand when wet and shrink when dry to fit tabletop CAUTION This type of covering may snap smaller drafting tables or tables not reinforced with internal rods Vinyl and Mylar Roll out and cut vinyl Mylar slightly larger than tabletop Allow vinyl Mylar to lie flat for 24 hours before applying Lay vinyl Mylar on table and trim to size Tape to table across the top of board only Continued on next page 2 7 Furniture Continued Table coverings Cork Continued Chairs Lighting Roll out and cut cork slightly larger than tabletop Apply glue to tabletop and cork back Allow glue to dry Placing paper over the glued back of the cork gently roll cork up Position cork roll carefully over one end of the table and unroll over tabletop Gradually slide paper out from under cork while applying pressure Trim to size Cover tabletop with additional cover of cellulose acetate paper vinyl or Mylar The
106. e Figure 4 5jillustrates the basic ammonia flow system Figure 4 5 The basic ammonia flow system Continued on next page 413 Diazo Machines Continued Start up and shut down operations The following tables give start up and shutdown procedures and operator checks for standard diazo type machines start up ES Make sure the drain tube is inserted into residue bottle Check ammonia storage tank refill if needed in e Adjust ammonia flow to 50 60 drops per minute 5 Run machine 20 minutes or until machine reaches an operating temperature of 180 to 210 degrees Shut down se ed rai Set blower motor to 20 minutes and turn off ammonia flow Feed a sheet of porous paper as wide as machine throat through machine Tum off machine to stop paper when wrapped around cylinder and between the sealing sleeve and developing tank to prevent sleeve from sticking and to protect belt from residual heat Continued on next page 414 Diazo Machines Continued Maintenance Specific safety precautions Diazo sensitive materials Diazo machines fail to perform or become dangerous to operate without regular maintenance Daily maintenance consists of emptying residue bottles every 8 hours replenishing the ammonia supply cleaning the outside of the glass cylinder and cleaning the feedboard receiving tray and print tray of debris and paper scraps Weekly maintenance is deaning
107. e 2 25 Cased Instruments Continued Extension bars Extension bars extend the range of a compass so you can draw larger circles Care for an extension bar as you would any other cased instrument Figure 2 27 shows a compass with and without an extension bar A as Figure 2 27 A A standard length compass B A standard compass with an extension bar Beam Draw an extremely large drcle and arcs with a beam compass The length of compasses the beam that attaches the nibs and needle is the only limitation in the size of the radius of an arc or diameter of a circle There are several styles and levels of sophistication Care for a beam compass as you would any other cased instrument Figure 2 28 shows two types of beam compasses Figure 2 28 Beam compasses 2 26 Special Cased Instruments Introduction Bow instruments Special cased instruments are uncommon drawing tools used for distinct purposes They are more delicate than standard cased instruments For drawing circles and arcs that are less than 1 inch in diameter use bow instruments These delicate instruments have a side thumbscrew adjustment that controls the diameter of the circle There are primarily four types of bow instruments They are a bow pen a bow pencil a bow divider anda special tool called a drop bow pen A drop bow pen is for drawing circles and arcs less than one fourth inch in diameter It has a rotating center shaft that moves u
108. e battery compartment for battery status Z is the battery present Z is the battery fresh and Z is the battery swollen or leaking Z Clean optical surfaces with a lint free cloth or chamois Z Clean mirrored surfaces with a camel hair brush Z Wipe down camera body with a lint free cloth or chamois Z Dust inside film back with a camera hair brush Continued on next page 431 Cameras Continued Process Process cameras are large studio type cameras They may be horizontal or cameras vertical in construction Horizontal process cameras divide into darkroom cameras and gallery cameras Darkroom cameras have the back or the film plane built into a wall On the other side of the wall is the darkroom Gallery cameras are free standing units Vertical process cameras take up less space Both horizontal and vertical process cameras have fully automated exposure control Figure 4 13 shows various types of process cameras AER GALLERY CAMERAS DARK ROOM CAMERAS DARKROOM mi DPH Figure 4 13 F ormat types of process cameras Continued on next page 4 32 Cameras Continued Camera components Cameras consist of seven basic components on three parallel planes Misadjustment of any component part of a process camera affects the reproduced image in size clarity or density The three parallel planes of a copy camera are the copy plane the lens plane and the focal plane Consult the manu
109. e care beyond general maintenance and commonsense treatment 5 18 Audio Devices Introduction Cassette decks Nomenclature Use Speakers Use Care Audio devices provide sound to a presentation It maybe a narration sound effects or music A presentation is ineffective if an audience cannot hear it Cassette decks provide the dimension of sound to a visual presentation This music or narration promotes the understanding of the presented material Cassette tapes are available in 30 60 90 and 120 minute increments You can record information on a cassette tape or use pre recorded tapes Some cassette decks require an additional device called an amplifier which increases the sound volume before it reaches a set of speakers Cassette decks have an on off power switch a play button a record button a forward fast forward button a rewind reverse button a pause button a stop eject button and a tape counter The tape counter is useful when you are cuing sound at a specific time or interval and monitoring the amount of tape expended To record most cassette players require you to depress the record button simultaneously with the play button Take care not to rerecord over pre recorded information To prevent this break off the small plastic tab on the side of the cassette cartridge Clean the tape heads with a head cleaning tape or an alcohol solution and cotton swab after 8 hours of play Speakers transmit so
110. e end of a large table 5 33 Summary Review Comments This chapter covers the operation and maintenance of common audiovisual projectors such as the opaque projector the overhead projector and the slide projector and their accessories It also briefly covers audio devices video cassette recorders and video projectors The topics of screen selection and the set up of a briefing theater or conference room complete this chapter One of the most interesting demanding and rewarding DM billets is that of a briefing draftsman or draftsman attached to a flag staff Nowhere else are your professional abilities and customer service skills challenged and scrutinized daily and nowhere else are your creative talents more highly visible by personnel in the upper echelon These pressurized billets provide immediate job satisfaction in the form of a daily summary or conference Another rewarding duty is at a teaching or educational command Good students quickly spot poor graphics or illogically planned visuals Poor visuals and poorly presented visuals distract irritate and impair communication Understand what you are illustrating Understand the effect your artwork has in the long haul Know how to best communicate the message If you do not you have missed the point of visual communication Think about the message the visual must convey and the method of presentation before creating the visual 5 34 Glossary Introduction APPE
111. e from the system use a Chargeout Record to indicate where a file belongs Chargeout Records information is covered in the Forms segment of this chapter shows the five sections and thirteen major subject codes of the SECTION 4 FILING PROCEDURES SECTION 2 CONSTRUCTION OF STANDARD SUBJECT IDENTIFICATION CODES SSIC SECTION 3 LIST OF SSIC CODES 1000 1999 MILITARY PERSONNEL TELECOMMUNICATIONS OPERATIONS AND READINESS GENERAL ADMINISTRATION AND MAI 5 13 SECTIONS MAJOR GROUPS Hai FEE Hi n 3999 SHIPS DESIGN AND MATERIALS 10000 10999 GENERAL 11000 11999 FACILITIES AND ACTIVITIES ASHORE 12000 12999 CIVILIAN PERSONNEL 13000 13999 AERONAUTICAL AND ASTRONAUTICAL MATERIALS SECTION 4 ALPHABETICAL GUIDE TO SSIC SECTION 5 GUIDELINES FOR REQUESTING CHANGES Figure 1 9 SSIC This instruction prescribes policy and procedures for reporting controlled or pilferable equipment precious metals metal recovery and gear on minor plant property cards that is missing lost stolen or recovered Annual sight inventories of custody card items will highlight discrepancies in shop equipment An enclosure lists MLSR definitions and terminology Larger shops or shops highly trafficked may hold a custody card inventory more often than oncea year Continued on next page 1 21 Regulations Continued SECNAVINST Figure 1 10 is an example of the front side of a DD Form 200 Report 5500 4 inventory discrepancies immedia
112. e leading petty officer in the shop should designate one person to be responsible for maintaining the files This person is to check material in and out trace outstanding files and replace returned files All workers in the shop however should familiarize themselves with the system and be able to maintain it Navy shops have the following similar filing containers file drawers for data and correspondence Z flat files for original drawings tradngs and negatives and Z container files for large or roll size drawings These filing containers may or may not have safeguards for protecting classified material Continued on next page 1 35 Files Continued Filing systems Picture morgue Contents Clipping The following table represents the two basic filing systems found in most shops and their advantages disadvantages Advantages Disadvantages Standard Subject Z broad coverage Z initial setup takes Identification Codes Z Navy wide use _ time SSIC numbers Z easily expandable Z more complicated Z easily retrievable Z number identifies subject Sequential serial e eliminates shifting numbers do not numbers _ files _ identify subject Z easily expandable Z requires extensive cross referendng Every shop has a picture morgue Your shop may call it a clip art file or scrap file This is reference material and picture ideas collected for use in whole or in part for future illustrations and layout formats An
113. e material presented Computers can coordinate the functions of slide projectors video projectors and overhead projectors They cue each device in sequence and provide special effects that create dynamic and professional presentations Computers can also present information as a projection device by projecting an image onto an overhead screen or for direct viewing from the computer monitor Software or programs are available that allow you to create a graphics presentation with sound and project or display that presentation in a classroom or briefing environment Through international electronic hookups briefings can link commands all over the world for direct and live transmissions Future developments to exploit the training and briefing capabilities of computers indude computer based instruction CBI Command ESOs will receive Navy training material on disks for rapid distribution to the fleet You will be able to complete training courses at your computer station in the work space This interactive learning process will have the twofold benefit of improving your computer skills as well as providing immediate feedback on how well you assimilate the lessons taught in the training program 5 20 Lecture Aids Introduction Lectern or podium Types Care Flannel felt boards In short any additional paraphernalia that a speaker uses in the presentation of a program is a lecture aid A lectern or podium focuses the audien
114. e paste brushes to apply glues and for general purpose work They may be cheaper in quality as most of these brushes are disposable Figure 2 66 shows the profile of common shop brushes OMNPOO71 Figure 2 66 Common shop brushes Continued on next page Brushes Continued Paint brushes Shapes of a paint brush Lettering illustrations and painting are done with paint brushes that vary in composition but have similar physical characteristics All brushes have bristles a ferrule or quill and a handle Choice of bristle depends on the intended use or desired effect The size of the ferrule or quill dictates brush size and holds the bristles tightly in place and the handle usually made of hardwood indicates the size of the brush Figure 2 67 shows brush nomenclature BRISTLES FERRULE HANDLE of QUILL DMNP0072 Figure 2 67 Brush nomenclature There are four major shapes to paint brushes fan round flat and bright The fan shape feathers paint over a surface and responds well to a light touch The round shape is most commonly used for watercolor because it picks up and retains more pigment and water Bristles on the flat and bright will differ according to the type of pigment used but tend to be a stiffer more controllable brush Figure 2 68 shows the shape of common paint brushes Figure 2 68 Brush shapes Continued on next page 2 57 Brushes Continued Storage Brush hair
115. e size letters by tracing fonts secured in a galley and redrawing that image into plastic or metal Engravers have a motor pulleys a galley tray a tracing point tracing arms and jigs to hold round or flat objects Templates are slid into a galley tray and secured by thumbscrews Templates are available in many styles and are made of brass The engraver cuts the letter symbol outline into plastic or metal using a cutter Cutters are carbide steel for cutting plastic and diamond tipped for engraving metal Use the motor with the carbide cutters The diamond tipped cutters require only hand pressure to cut metal Figure 4 12 shows different cutter points CARBIDE STEEL DIAMOND TIP Figure 4 12 Cutter profiles Inspect the engraving machine before using it Like other electrically powered tools inspect the cords and wiring for wear Examine the pulleys and belts for dryness and stretching Use sharp cutters of the correct depth in the machine Clean debris from all surfaces Remove the jigs to brush away debris under the galley Remove the thumbscrews and brush debris from the galley trays Brush away debris from under the jigs and surrounding areas Engraving residue is similar to sawdust it gets everywhere Maintain sharp cutter points and clean sharp templates Do not over tighten thumbscrew settings Continued on next page 4 28 Special Applications Graphics Machines Continued Use Select a cutter for engravin
116. ean up the image using the appropriate software program before printing a final copy for reproduction Software for the scanner is as important as the scanner The software provides for image manipulation and export format compatibility A scanner is particularly useful for copying large amounts of text or images not previously saved on disk that now require revision When using a scanner be careful not to violate an existing copyright Grey scale scanners read tonal values and assign density code numbers The density code is available from 16 to 256 levels of grey For general purpose work select a software program that offers a minimum of 64 levels of grey A color scanner reads color value and assigns it a binary code for export This scanner will range from 70 to 600 dots per inch DPI with 24 binary digits bits of color For general purpose work select a software program that offers a range between 300 and 600 dpi The four types of scanners are the hand scanner the flatbed scanner the copystand scanner and the slide scanner HAND SCANNERS Hand scanners are useful for small quantity scanning They read portions or excerpts from a document page into the memory of the computer FLATBED SCANNERS Flatbed scanners scan pages out of a book They scan an entire one or two page spread in one view COPYSTAND SCANNERS Copystand scanners are capable of scanning three dimensional objects SLIDE SCANNERS Slide scanners scan slid
117. echnique of laying two pigments side by side and blurring the line of demarcation while the pigments are still wet WHITE LEAD A free poisonous opaque white pigment used in flake white and Cremnitz white oil paints WIDE ANGLE LENS A very short focal length lens that encompasses a larger horizontal view than a standard lens This lens depending on the focal length records an image with increasingly pronounced barrel distortion WINDOW SeeBLACK PATCH WORD PROCESSING The transformation of a concept or idea into printed communication media by using mechanical or automated systems methods or processes WORD SPACING The adjustment of spacing between words to shorten or extend a line to achieve justification WORKING DRAWING A thorough preliminary drawing done on trading paper then transferred to a working surface for the finished rendering WOVE PAPER A broad range of papers having an even fiber formation produced over fine wire mesh WRAPPING 1 A computer feature that automatically enters a soft return revel code and continues to enter data on another line 2 Selecting a pattern or design and wrapping it around an object on the screen WRICO A hand lettering system using a set of templates and a drop fed pen Continued on next page Al 66 Glossary Continued xX XEROGRAPHY A copying process that uses electrostatic forces to form an image ZINC WHITE A zinc oxide based pigment
118. ects of modernization Limitations in purchasing consumables are often related to storage space Some supplies are temperature and or time sensitive Use the first in first out system of storing Clearly mark the contents and receipt date on the package before storing it away Continued on next page 1 39 Supply Continued Sources There are four basic sources for supply purchases These sources and the type of supplies you can expect from them are shown in the following table Servmart Local warehouse Navy Supply Group 99 9905 F ederal Supply dass Government Supply Agency GSA Navy Stocklist of Publications and Forms NAVPUBINST P 2002 GSA contracted items Z basic consumables Z brushes Z ink Z pens Z basic consumables Z papers Z paints Z basic equipment Z Office furniture Z signs Z forms Z preprinted stationary and invitations Z consumables Z equipment Z furniture Z service contracts Open purchase any civilian business Z any product available Imprest Funds any civilian business Z any product available Z 500 emergency Z 1000 if authorized by a supply corps officer Continued on next page Supply Continued Requisitioning Local commands prefer specific required forms for requisitioning supplies Ships in particular have unusual and complicated supply channels Visit your local supply office and learn what form your command uses Setup and maintain a supply req
119. ed four plate color separation Continued for color reproduction You can also import images from other scanners and programs 3 37 Communications Introduction Local area networks LAN LAN configurations LAN communication Wide area networks WAN Computers can communicate electronically with other computers via a local area network LAN or a wide area network WAN When individual workstations interconnect and have access to each others information ardor resources it is called a network These networks consist of nodes the hardware and are interconnected by links the communications media of twisted pair wire coaxial cable or fiber optic cable Workstations that use a local area network LAN are usually in close proximity to each other often in the same building A LAN can transfer data files and programs from one PC to another or even from one LAN to another LAN LAN configurations or topology is the physical arrangement of the LAN components The three common configurations are the star the bus and the ring network In the star configuration each component connects directly to a central computer or network server In the bus configuration all workstations connect to the same cable and the far ends of the cable never meet In a ring network all components connect to a cable and this cable forms a ring Each configuration offers a compromise in advantages and disadvantages Your LAN configuration was
120. een with a grained or patterned aluminum foil laminate It rejects room light and glare Use a high gain aluminum screen in a normally lighted room The angle of projection is 60 degree width by 30 degree height Beaded screens have a very bright image The image is reflected from a white surface covered with embedded or attached dear glass beads A beaded screen will reflect all light induding stray light and glare Its 22 degree angle of projection make it useful in long narrow rooms Matte screens appear equally bright from all angles because they diffuse light evenly in all directions Their dull matte surface may be dark grey to white in color They have a 30 degree angle of projection useful in wide shallow rooms Before selecting a screen consider the factors associated with the room you will be using the screen in Consider the width and length of the room and the size of the audience and the angle of projection of the screen Continued on next page 5 25 Screen Continued Selecting a illustrates the differing angles of projection for each type of screen screen Continued 8X SCREEN HEIGHT FARTHEST VIEWER DMNPO121 Figure 5 10 Angle of projection Continued on next page 5 26 Screen Continued Screen Consider the room size the size of the audience and the location of the placement windows the doors and the speakers before selecting a screen location Seat the audience no closer than two s
121. ement Compile information required to submit an audiovisual report Identify the procedures for releasing handling and protecting classified material Recognize material suitable for inclusion in a picture morgue and procedures for classifying additions and deletions Continued on next page 1 1 Overview Continued Acronyms The following table contains a list of acronyms you must know to understand the material in this chapter m Ce V Interservice Support Agreement J oint Committee of Printing F PT Continued on next page 1 2 Overview Continued Inthischapter This chapter covers the following topics 13 Shop Layout Introduction Local commitments External commitments DMs fill billets in drafting or graphic shops on ships and shore locations The mission of the command and the shop varies from billet to billet Some shops stand alone and produce products from beginning to end Other shops interface with a Photo Lab or Printshop to complete the products It is important for you to understand the commitments and agreements of the shop to administer manage and supervise the shop efficiently Local commitments are interfaces with other shops such as a Photo Lab or a Printshop Maintain a good rapport with these support shops Provide them with creditable service and your shop will receive the same In addition to and external to the command Navy drafting shops have obligations and respons
122. ep devices clean and free of debris Clean the keyboard and button selection areas with a camel hair brush Clean optical surfaces with a lint free doth or chamois Check the operating manual to make sure sareen surfaces are not covered with a glare preventative spectral coating that spray cleaners could damage Z Clean exterior cases tabletops and mouse track with a slightly dampened lint free cloth Dampen the cloth do not wet the components Z Donot allow food or drink near the keyboard the mouse track or the pressure sensitive and electronic tablets Inspect connector ports COM PORTS and pins for damage Z Carefully align pins and never force a connection when connecting devices 3 5 Input Devices Introduction Keyboards Input devices are devices that allow a system operator SYSOP to interface with a computer You interface with the computer by entering your commands into the computer system through a keyboard a seamer a mouse a trackball or joystick a pressure sensitive or electronic tablet or a light pen These are all input devices The keyboard is the primary means for inputting data into the computer Based on a standard typewriter keyboard computer keyboards have additional special purpose keys function keys cursor movement keys and a numeric keypad Keystrokes input text and characters into memory or on a screen Combinations of keystrokes prompt key functions such as holding underlinin
123. er and on time when breaks are adequate and convenient Only one division should be responsible for assigning and scheduling the conference room or briefing theater Establishing a priority method for scheduling will eliminate conflicts The individual responsible for scheduling should conduct a pre and post presentation inspection for deanliness and material condition Discourage loitering and impromptu meetings keep the presentation room locked when it is not in use Field day the briefing theater as part of the normal field day routine The equipment seating and type of projection you use in the briefing theater is part of the mechanical environment of the room Your failure to maintain ready equipment disables the command s ability to communicate Not only is the type of equipment and its material condition important but so is the placement of the equipment and how much noise it produces Select the equipment that best suites the room and audience size For front projection position the equipment so that it projects over the heads of the audience Stagger the projectors in a projection rack to allow multimedia capability For rear projection if you have the room position the projector to project directly onto the screen If space is limited reflect the light from a mirrored surface at a 45 degree angle to the screen Continued on next page 5 31 Briefing Theater Continued Equipment Figure 5 14 shows equipment positi
124. ers TECHNIQUE 1 The method of using a tool or medium 2 The characteristic appearance of a medium 3 The particular style of an artist Continued on next page Al 59 Glossary Continued T Continued TELEPHOTO LENS A long focal length lens that has the effect of bringing far objects nearer TELEVISION GRAPHICS Graphics created specifically for transmission via television TEMPURA Dry pigment mixed with an emulsion of egg yolk or milk to form an opaque watercolor TEMPLATE A guide made to ensure the uniform consistency of frequently used symbols TERTIARY COLORS Any intermediate hue that contains some part of each of the three primary colors TEXT Typewritten or printed matter forming the main body of a work TEXTURE The feel or appearance of a surface created by the repetition of forms or design THERMAL TRANSFER PRINTER A printer that uses heat to fuse the image to a paper surface THIRD DIMENSION The effect of depth or bulk achieved by the artist on a flat surface THREE DIMENSIONAL Possessing height width and depth THREE QUARTER VIEW A view of an object rotated to a position halfway between a front and a side view THREE POINT PERSPECTIVE A view where no dimension height width or depth is parallel to the plane of projection THUMBNAIL SKETCH Page layouts showing the allocation of space for headings photographs line artwork and text
125. ers have the cursor movement keys incorporated into the numeric keyboard As long as the NUM LOCK key is OFF the cursor movement keys function Some software packages use the cursor control keys in combination with each other or with other keys to increase the number of ways and the speed with which you can move the cursor Another cursor movement key the SCROLL LOCK BREAK key controls screen scrolling When in the BREAK mode and used in conjunction with the CTRL key the SCROLL LOCK key will interrupt program execution Figure 3 1 shows cursor movement keys Figure 3 1 Cursor movement keys Continued on next page 3 7 Input Devices Continued Numeric To perform mathematical functions use the numeric keypad as you would a keypad calculator To activate the numeric keypad press the NUM LOCK key If you do not press the NUM LOCK key the numeric keypad will function as cursor control keys Figure 3 2 shows a numeric keypad Note the location of the cursor movement keys on the numeric keypad Figure 3 2 Numeric keypad Continued on next page 3 8 Input Devices Continued Scanners Grey scale scanners Color scanners Scanner types A scanner allows you to copy a photograph a drawing or a text page into the memory of the computer It does this by measuring tonal or color values and converting them into a binary code that the computer can digest You may then cl
126. ers have spedfic purposes Besides the pencil eraser there are four other erasers the DM uses in the work center These are plastic erasers art gum kneaded erasers and pulverized eraser particles PLASTIC ERASERS Plastic erasers work well removing unwanted marks from drawings on Mylar Moisten the eraser slightly before using to increase the drag on the drawing surface This eraser leaves no residue ART GUM This eraser is excellent for removing finger marks and smudges without marring the surface of a drawing An art gum eraser leaves much residue which should be whisked away with a draftsman s brush KNEADED ERASERS Kneaded erasers bring out the highlights in a drawing and clean a drawing surface They work by absorbing graphite particles Absorption increases by kneading the eraser in your hand Generally it leaves no residue unless it is too old and or too full of absorbed partides If this eraser becomes overly warm the substance may break down leaving a stain on the drawing surface Continued on next page 2 65 Basic Consumables Continued Types of PULVERIZED ERASER PARTICLES Pulverized eraser particles are erasers available as a powder or in a soft mesh bag They dean a drawing of surface Continued smudges and prepare it to accept ink Whisk away the residue of eraser particles with a draftsman brush Figure 2 72 shows the types of erasers common to a work center ye lt D ap PULVERIZED ERASER PART
127. ervoir FERRULE The part of a brush that holds the hairs or bristles FIGURE A line illustration or photograph of any kind used in a publication FILLS Color shades or patterns added to computer generated imagery FILM NEGATIVE A photolithographic negative produced by a process camera FILM POSITIVE A film or acetate based material having a black area or image and a translucent or clear background FILM SPEED The degree of light sensitivity of film FINE ART The personal expression of the artist who creates it FINISHED ART Any piece of artwork complete or ready for reproduction FINISH MARKS Marks used to indicate the degree of smoothness of the finish on machined surfaces Continued on next page Al 24 Glossary Continued F Continued FIRST GENERATION Photographically reproduced copy made from the original FIX To spray with a clear coat to protect or preserve an image surface FIXATIVE Any clear solution sprayed or coated on a surface to stabilize protect or preserve an image FIXER A solution or chemical that stabilizes the development of photosensitized films FLEXIBLE CURVE RULE A scaleor rule that bends in shape to irregular curved surfaces FLAKE WHITE SeeWHITE LEAD FLANNEL BOARD Also called FELTBOARD A presentation board covered in felt or flannel that cut out shapes backed with a slightly abrasive backing will cling to FLAPPING See MOUNTING AN
128. es Di eu a CEE rca or oneone Figure 2 76 Knife styles Summary Review Comments This chapter covered the general types of shop furniture found in a Navy Drafting shop and how to care for it It described cased and special cased instruments and the procedures to store and use them Drawing aids and scales are some of the simplest and most worthwhile tools to master Practice with them Use the pens and pencils mentioned Consumable supplies represent the bulk of supplies that you as a DM will use Do not waste supplies needlessly Familiarity with any piece of equipment will enable the DM to assess the limitations and capabilities of the shop accurately Know your equipment well Care for the equipment in the shop as if it were your own Maintain an open mind to new products in the market A good capable shop enhances the reputation of each worker in it In a rate as small as DM that reputation could follow you throughout your career 2 69 Overview Introduction Objectives CHAPTER 3 COMPUTER EQUIPMENT You may or may not have experience in doing your job with a computer However computers are rapidly supplementing traditional methods of preparing artwork and work intended for reproduction and you will have to interface with them at some point in your career Not only is computer literacy becoming a desirable in service job skill but it is an essential communications skill in the civilian arena
129. es and transparencies into memory Scanners used to scan slides and transparendes require a mirrored or reflective attachment Continued on next page 3 9 Input Devices Continued Mice J oysticks and trackballs A mouse is an input device that allows the SYSOP to stroke functions and commands rapidly into the computer without touching a keyboard It also provides a synchronous movement for drawing The two types of mice are the mechanical mouse and the optical mouse The mechanical mouse fits in the palm of the hand and rolls around either on a small ball or on small wheels that roll around the ball This movement moves the cursor on the screen The optical mouse also moves the cursor but it uses a beam of light on a reflective mouse pad Press or click the mouse buttons to access functions or commands Figure 3 3 shows a mechanical mouse on a mouse pad The mouse pad protects the ball inside the mouse from collecting dust from the tabletop DMNPOO7S Figure 3 3 A mechanical mouse J oysticks and trackballs are like mice in that they allow rapid access to functions however they are most often used in game playing or contests of skill They resemble cockpit wheels triggers and guns Continued on next page 3 10 Input Devices Continued Pressure Pressure sensitive and electronic tablets are primarily freehand drawing sensitive or devices Sensitive to pressure from the hand the tablet recreates the thick e
130. etterhead LETTERING Letters and words formed or printed by hand LETTERPRESS PRINTING A printing process in which the raised inked surfaces of the type and or plates transfer an impression directly to the paper LETTER QUALITY PRINTER A printer that imitates letters with resolution similar to a typewriter LETTERSPACING Placing additional space between the letters of words to expand the length of a line or to improve and balance typography LIFT METHOD 1 The process of using laminate material to remove or lift an image from clay coated stock 2 scanning text or graphics onto disk for importation to another application Continued on next page Al 34 Glossary Continued L Continued LIGHT BOX A box with a translucent glass or plexiglass top illuminated from underneath used for tracing and layout LIGHTFACE The lightest and thinnest form of a type series LIGHT PEN An electronic input device used to draw freehand against a CRT screen LIMITED PALETTE 1 A palette with a restricted number of pigments 2 A palette that lacks one or more of the three primary colors LINE A continuous unbroken mark made by a pen a pendl a brush or other drawing instrument LINE AND WASH A technique combining a black line with transparent wash LINE COPY A composition of black lines and masses without gradation of tone LINE DRAWING A drawing composed entirely of lines dots and areas of
131. etups Many flag staffs have such facilities Rear screen projection allows the production personnel behind the scenes mobility It also decreases audience distraction created by the whirling of a projector motor Most rear projection screens have a matte surface The image is projected directly on the screen or reflected from large mirrors located behind and at a 45 degree angle to the screen Most front projection screens are the reflective type The four types of screens used for front projection are the lenticular screen the high gain aluminum screen the beaded screen and the matte screen Select the type of screen most appropriate to the room dimensions and desired angle of projection They may be portable units that roll or fold up for storage or permanently freed to a ceiling or wall Lenticular screens reflect light evenly including all room light and glare They appear to havea striped ribbed rectangular or diamond pattern and they havea coating that gives them an enameled pearlescent granular or smooth surface Lenticular screens have a 70 degree width by 20 degree height angle of projection and are brighter than beaded and matte screens Continued on next page 5 24 Screens Continued High gain aluminum screens Beaded screens Matte screens Selecting a screen The high gain aluminum screen is a fill contrast screen that is six times brighter than any other screen This is a noncollapsible slightly concave scr
132. f 3 Continued on next page 1 27 Regulations Continued SECNAVINST Figure 1 17 shows the second page which identifies target audiences 5290 1 Naval milestone dates and primary contacts Imaging Program Continued VISUAL INFORMATION VI PRODUCTION REPORT CONTINUED 8 COMMUNICATION OBJECTIVES 9 TARGET AUDIENCE 10 MILESTONE DATES VY MM DD Figure 1 17 Page 2 Continued on next page 1 28 Regulations Continued SECNAVINST shows the location of the master material and the overall cost of 5290 1 Naval production on the last of the three part form Imaging Program Continued VISUAL INFORMATION VI PRODUCTION REPORT CONTINUED 2 CONTRACTING UT onan and OMen Bymt Telephone Nombers Hatvan 14 REPRODUCTION RIGHTS X one b CATALOG REMARKS aaxaum 0 worda ra GRAND TOTAL Figure 1 18 DD Form 1995 2 Continued on next page 1 29 Regulations Continued SECNAVINST Figure 1 19 shows the front of DD Form 2054 1 the Visual Information VT 5290 1 Naval report The figures reported on this form come directly from the shop job Imaging log The importance of a detailed and accurate log is evident Category Cone definitions especially in Section 111 are subject to change Verify the Continued reporting criteria with your type commander before submission An incorrect report or your failure to report can be costly in terms of funding and personne during the
133. f an object that appears rotated giving the appearance of viewing the object from one corner ITALICS Letters whose form has an oblique slant to the right or left IVORY BLACK A fine black pigment J OYSTICK See TRACKBALL or MOUSE A computer input device used for remote manipulation of a cursor J USTIFICATION Spacing within the line of type of a predetermined measure to align the margins J UXTAPOSITION Side by side placement for a desired effect KERN Part of a letter that appears as a hairline connection between adjacent letters KERNING The addition of space between characters KEY A scale of values tones or hues KEY ART SeeBLACK ART Continued on next page Al 32 Glossary Continued K Continued KEY LINE A line drawn in red on a mechanical to indicate position and size of a piece of copy that will not be visible in the reproduction KEYBOARD A computer input device based on the principle of a typewriter keyboard used to input text and commands into a computer KEYSTONE EFFECT Onscreen distortion created when the projector is not parallel to the deck or screen surface KID FINISH A medium textured surface of art paper or illustration board KILOBYTE Abbreviated as K a kilobyte is 1 024 bytes of data LAMINATE 1 A transparent plastic or acrylic cover material 2 To cover a surface with a transparent plastic or acrylic material LAMINATION A plasti
134. f projection ONION SKIN Also called MANIFOLD PAPER Thin translucent paper used to make a typewriter carbon copy or to serve as a tissue overlay for work requiring correction or protection Continued on next page Al 40 Glossary Continued O Continued ONSCREEN An image that appears on the computer or television screen OPAQUE 1 Impermeable to light not transparent or translucent 2 To paint over unwanted portions of a negative with a solution to prevent light from seeping through OPAQUE PROJ ECTOR A device that projects an opaque object toa desired size on another surface OPAQUE WATERCOLOR See WATERCOLOR A creamy opaque paint like gouache or tempura available in tubes jars or by mixing white with transparent colors OPAQUING Covering up with opaque paint OPTICAL CENTER A point slightly above 10 the geometric center of a layout that the eye perceives as the center OPTICAL ILLUSION An unreal or misleading image perceived by the eye as real OPTICAL SPACING The arrangement of spacing between letters for legibility and appearance which varies with the shape of the letters to achieve optical equalization ORGANIZATION CHART A block chart or diagram showing the names titles departments and responsibilities of personnel in an organization ORIGINAL See MASTER Copy submitted to the printer for reproduction ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJ ECTION A method of projection with
135. facturer s operating instructions for precise operator adjustments COPY PLANE The copy plane is a glass copyboard that holds the original copy in place The most common size is 18 by 24 inches with gridded reference lines to help align the original copy Vacuum pressure creates suction to flatten the copy during a shoot The copy plane may move on a track for proportional reductions or enlargements LENS PLANE The lens plane holds the lens in position Some lens planes have interchangeable lenses Thelens plane moves along a track for proportional reductions or enlargements FILM or FOCAL PLANE The film plane holds the film in place in the back of the camera The film plane may also havea filter attachment for halftone or color separation work Without film the ground glass of the focal plane allows for fine focusing an image SCALES Most cameras reduce to 50 percent and enlarge to 300 percent or a range in between FOCUSING CONTROL Handwheels or cranks rotate to focus an image Newer machines have automated push button focusing BELLOWS Bellows are the accordion folded segment between the lens and the film plane Bellows maintain lighttight integrity during enlargements and reductions EXPOSURE CONTROL Once the copy plane lens plane and focal plane are positioned correctly the camera scales recommend settings for the f stops and or the shutter speed Some cameras are set manually and other cameras are automated Automated came
136. fference between single sheet fed and a tractor fed Continued paper SINGLE SHEET CONTINUOUS SHEET TRACTOR FED OL Figure 3 11 Single fed and tractor fed paper To load a tractor fed printer use the following table os 1 Race m sompo oere pe iY Swing unit toward you to expose the tractor fed wheels Open the tractor wheel lock to access the wheel spokes and load unload paper Continued on next page 3 25 Output Devices Continued Film recorder A film recording device attached to a computer system provides 35mm slides and negatives of the screen output It is a lighttight box with a small camera inside The lens conventionally photographs the image from the CRT screen The film is conventional photographic film and processes normally Figure 3 12 shows a film recording device 35mm CAMERA Figure 3 12 A film recording device 3 26 Input Output Devices Introduction Moderns Devices that provide both input and output to the system unit are called input output I O devices A modem is an I O device as is a communications local area network LAN or a wide area network WAN NIC A modem is an electronic connection usually via telephone between your computer and others Modems exchange files and data with other computers via local networks or telephone connections Fax moderns link a fax machine to a modem for the direct transfer of an image to the originator Modems can
137. from glare and stray light Keep all lamps dean and free of dust and finger smudges Handle lamps carefully Replace all lamps in the system simultaneously As lamps age temperature variations occur Failure to replace all lamps creates an imbalance in temperature and intensity of illumination Continued on next page 4 36 Cameras Continued 35mm cameras The two types of 35mm cameras are the rangefinder camera and the single lens reflex SLR camera This classification indicates the way the image projects on the film plane for focusing The film size for these cameras is 35mm film hence the name RANGEFINDER CAMERAS Focus an image on the film or focal plane of a rangefinder camera by aligning one image over another until they coind de The image enters the lens and diverts to the focal plane from a mirrored surface The distance between the viewing lens and the lens through which the exposure is made is called parallax Parallax is automatically corrected in a rangefinder camera Figure 4 16 shows how an image passes through a rangefinder Figure 4 16 View through a rangefinder Continued on next page 4 37 Cameras Continued 35mm cameras In a single lens reflex SLR camera the image enters the lens and strikes a Continued mirror This mirror deflects the image onto a ground glass for focusing The mirror flips out of the way during exposure therefore the viewing lens is the same lens that records the im
138. g and italidzing An enhanced keyboard minimizes keystrokes by using function keys like F1 F2 and so forth to access functions or commands The following table lists spedal purpose keys and their function DE ES Delete removes unwanted keystrokes right of the cursor Home allows rapid scrolling to top or bottom of document Insert allows insertion of text or characters PRTSCRN Print Screen sends what is on the screen to printer L Escape exits program or situation Continued on next page 3 6 Input Devices Continued Function keys Cursor movement keys Function keys are special purpose keys numbered F 1 through F 10 used to communicate specific fictions to the operating system These keys simplify tasks that might otherwise require several key strokes These keys can also be used with other keys to increase the number of functions available The software program in operation defines the function of these keys Be sure to read the software owner user manual to understand the purpose of these keys These keys are generally located at the top of the keyboard Cursor control keys move the cursor from one place to another on the display screen The cursor is the indicator on the display screen that lets the user know where the next entry will be made Cursor control keys have an arrowhead printed on them pointing in the direction that the key will move Some keyboards have a separate set of keys for cursor movement oth
139. g based on the material being engraved and the desired effect Diamond tipped metal cutters do not require the use of a motor They cut a fine line into a metal surface A wider line is possible with a carbide cutter but that requires the motor to rotate the cutter head Plastic is cut using the carbide steel cutter points and motor only Carbide cutters offer differing widths To use an engraver follow this table os ooo o o o O pa Inspect the condition of the machine Em Select cutter and insert into the machine za Set correct depth for the cutter and tighten setscrew 4 Select template style Insert template pieces into galley Center word or phrases in galley and finger tighten thumbscrews 7 Adjust letter height and letter slant Pa pa ee Ee re par 12 Simultaneously apply pressure with the right hand to the cutter 13 Trace letter until engraved image is distinct and uniform in width Place tracer point into groove on template Zz Continue until word or phrase is complete 11 Apply pressure with the left hand to the tracer point Turn motor off replace templates into storage unit Remove item from jigs clean area of debris Continued on next page 4 29 Special Applications Graphics Machines Continued Computerized There are computerized graphic machines that draw pounce and cut letters graphic and graphics with the latest advances in digital typesetting These sys
140. g table What must be done scope of project standards to meet deadlines personnel resources equipment resources How to do it e e consumables on hand e work in progress future assignments Who will do it personnel and equipment capabilities personnel and equipment limitations work load nonproductive time support from outside shops How long will it take divide job into tasks estimate time for each task add hours together multiply by quantity requested e e Dividing and estimating record estimates obtain permission from copyright owners Continued on next page 1 44 Supervision Continued Organizing Understanding from whom one receives orders and over who one has control is imperative to the organization and management of an effidently run shop Each worker must understand the chain of command in the shop and the shop position in the command The chain of command must be definite clear cut and short Figure 1 26jillustrates a direct and uncomplicated chain of command Ua Xal T00 DIVO LCP O LPO WORKER Figure 1 26 An uncomplicated chain of command Organizing also involves dividing work into manageable tasks and arranging these tasks in logical order Workers assigned to the task must have a clear definition of their duties and responsibilities When assigning workers to a job consider how ma
141. ge of a straightedge Figure 2 14 shows a parallel straightedge with a tension adjuster CORD OR WIRE TENSION ADJUSTMENT PARALLEL STRAIGHTEDGE Figure 2 14 A parallel straightedge Continued on next page 2 16 Furniture Continued T squares Use a T square to draw straight horizontal lines and to provide support for triangles when you draw lines at an angle The two parts of a T square are the blade and the head The blade comes in different lengths and has a hole in the far end for hanging the T square up for storage The most popular blade length is 36 inches The head mounts under the blade at a 90 degree angle and rests against the table edge It guides the T square in an up and down movement on the drawing surface Because a T square allows very little adjustment when it is damaged or out of true throw it away and get another Figure 2 15 shows a T square positioned on a drawing board Figure 2 15 A t square on a drawing board Figure 2 16jillustrates the direction for drawing horizontal lines against a T square or straightedge Figure 2 16 Drawing horizontal lines with at square Continued on next page 2 17 Furniture Continued T squares Figure 2 17 illustrates the direction in which vertical lines are drawn with a Continued T square or a straightedge DMNPOO18 Figure 2 17 Drawing vertical lines with a t square Steel Draw or cut straight lines against a steel
142. ght accelerates fading Because developed images retain residual ammonia vapor fumes that permeate and deteriorate paper do not store them with other file images particularly photographs Continued on next page 415 Diazo Machine Continued Diazo material storage Diazo masters Diazo exposure Diazo material is stored on a first in first out basis Before storing mark the contents of the package with the date received and package contents Diazo materials are light and temperature sensitive Store them in a cool dark dry location Master artwork for diazo reproduction are dense opaque images on a transparent or translucent base of paper or acetate A commercial product called transparentizer lessens the opacity of lightweight translucent papers When creating the master use shading sheets judiciously the heat of the mercury vapor lamp in the diazo machine can melt the adhesive It will also melt a master created using an image from a thermal copier Place registration marks outside of the image area in multifoil transparencies To expose diazo material place the sensitized material on the feedboard emulsion side up and place the master on the material emulsion side down Better images result from emulsion to emulsion contact Webb belts will slowly feed the combination through the machine There is a slight dimensional instability in diazo material that occurs as the cylinder rotates the diazo material from the heat
143. gonal lines used to indicate the surface of an imaginary cut in an object SECTIONAL VIEW The view obtained by cutting away part of an object in an illustration to show the shape and construction of the interior SEPIA A dark warm brown color of low brilliance SEPIA INTERMEDIATE An intermediate used in making duplicate transparencies by the whiteprint process SERIF The finishing stroke or line projecting from the end of the main stroke of many letters in some typefaces SET PALETTE One hue mixed with a group of colors to create color harmony or unity in a chosen palette Continued on next page Al 54 Glossary Continued S Continued SETTING Background or surrounding SHADE A mixture of pure color and black SHADING Lines values or color applied to create form shadow or pattern SHADING MEDIUMS Preprinted tones and patterns used to enhance the appearance of copy and artwork SHADING SHEETS Sheets of cellophane or acetate preprinted with tones and patterns with a low tack adhesive for applying to artwork SHAPE The flat silhouette or two dimensional form of an object SHELF LIFE The length of time before sensitized material deteriorates SHIP S CURVE S Instruments for drawing elongated irregular curves that dosely approximate the curves found in shipbuilding SHUTTER SPEED A method of controlling the length of time that light can reach a film SIGHT LINE
144. h cork or eraser bits when they are not in use Clean dividers and wipe them with a light oil cloth before you return them to their case Do not oil divider joints Continued on next page Cased Instruments Continued Dividers To sharpen divider points follow this table Continued Hold dividers vertically legs together Grind lightly back and forth against an oilstone until even in length Hold the dividers horizontally Whet the outside back and forth while rolling it side to side between fingers Inside leg should remain flat and not be ground 6 Remove all burrs and polish with a leather cloth Figure 2 22 illustrates the sharpening of divider points Figure 2 22 A Evening legs of dividers B Sharpening divider points Continued on next page 2 22 Cased Instruments Continued Compasses Use a compass to draw arcs and circles A standard compass is 6 inches long and it has two legs One leg holds the needlepoint and the other leg holds the nib The nib may be a pen nib a pend attachment or another needlepoint The legs are often jointed above the nib to maintain perpendicularity to the drawing surface The joint also reduces uneven wear and friction to the nib Todraw a circle larger than 12 inches add an extension bar at the joint Figure 2 23 shows a pivot joint compass oo oO aren Figure 2 23 A pivot joint compass The type of hinge on a standard compass indic
145. he data cable connects to the system unit The power cable plugs into the surge protector Cable ost cables or connectors have some sort of device to ensure a firm tight connection connection between devices This device may be a couple of screws or a cable lock When you plug in a cable make sure it is properly and firmly seated then tighten down the cable connection locking device Never force a cable connection Figure 3 15 shows typical cable locks m a sauceze opewcLose pi WIRE CLIP C Tunn openctose THUMBSCREWS Figure 3 15 Cable locks Continued on next page 3 29 Microcomputer Setup Continued Connection Figure 3 16 shows the relationship of the computer system and the peripheral relationships devices covered in this chapter INPUT DEVICES KEYBOARD MOUSE JOYSTICK TRACKBALL LIGHT PEN TABLETS SCANNERS EDITING DEVICES SYSTEM UNIT MOTHERBOARD CPU RAM ROM DISK DRIVES CD ROM OUTPUT DEVICES MONITOR PRINTER PLOTTER FILM RECORDERS HARD COPY Figure 3 16 Connector relationships 3 30 Software Introduction Operating system software Applications software Using software Software is the set of instructions program parameters or data stored on a disk Remember the disk itself is hardware the data on the disk is software The two categories of software are operating system sof
146. he electrical outlets in your work space A surge protector is a power strip that prevents abnormally high power fluctuations from damaging the computer A high voltage surge can overload and burn up internal components Most surge protectors can accommodate multiple electrical plugs First plug the system unit and supporting devices into the surge protector and then plug the protector into the electrical outlet This allows you to turn all of your equipment ON or OFF with one switch Before you make any type of connection be sure the ON OFF switch on the surge protector is OFF and remove the plug from the wall socket Figure 3 14 shows a surge protector Figure 3 14 A surge protector Continued on next page 3 28 Microcomputer Setup Continued System unit On the back of the system unit there are connection ports COMPORTS and a power cord connector The monitor the keyboard and the printer will connect to the system unit COMPORTS The system unit power cord will connect to the surge protector Monitor On the back of the monitor there is a power cable and a video input cable There also may be a voltage selection switch The video input cable plugs into the back of the system unit where the video display board is located The power cord plugs into the surge protector Keyboard The keyboard plugs into the back of the system unit with a five pin connector Printer The printer has a power cable and a data cable T
147. ialization or rebooting as there is with a floppy disk Data that is sensitive information and requires protection such as classified material or advancement examinations and results belongs on a removable disk drive Programs which are large and memory intensive also belong on a removable hard drive Removable hard disk drives are just like built in hard disk drives except for their portability You can physically remove a removable hard disk drive from the system unit for safekeeping in a secure area such as a safe Figure 3 8 shows a removable hard disk drive Figure 3 8 A removable hard drive Continued on next page 3 17 Edit Devices Continued Compact Disk Read Only Memory CD ROM Video Graphics Array VGA A compact disk read only memory CD ROM drive is a disk drive that reads data stored on computer disks It can be internal or external to the system unit CD ROM is used when many users need the same information and the nature of the information remains constant over time The expression Write Once Read Many WORM describes this type of technology On CD ROM information once recorded cannot be erased or changed only read many times One piece of hardware that controls the size and resolution of what you see on the computer screen is a Video Graphics Array VGA or graphics card This card located on the motherboard intervenes between the CPU and the monitor to control the screen display This graphics
148. ib shapes Figure 2 39 shows quill nibs used for drawing They have more spring than a lettering nib Quill pens produce an extremely fine line i gt Figure 2 39 Quill nibs Continued on next page Pens Continued Reservior pens Reservoir pens sometimes called technical pens contain their own reservoir of ink These pens draw lines of uniform width They have a conical or tubular tip Tubular tipped reservoir pens can fit into a hand lettering device to do lettering work Inside the pen there is a weighted needle to regulate ink flow A penis ready for use when the needle can move freely in the pen Figure 2 40 shows an exploded view of a reservoir pen INK CARTRIDE ge vy Al POINT SECTION CONICAL OR TUBULAR Figure 2 40 Nomenclature of a reservoir pen Continued on next page Pens Continued Reservoir pens Continued To use a reservoir pen follow this table 1 Remove the holder clamp ring and ink cartridge reservoir 2 Fill the reservoir two thirds full of drawing ink 3 7 Holding a tissue over the pen nib replace the reservoir clamp ring and holder Gently shake the pen up and down away from drawing surface allowing the weighed needle to feed ink into the feed tube Moisten a tissue and touch the pen nib to it until ink appears Hold the pen between thumb and forefinger perpendicular to drawing surface Keep tissue near to remove excess ink and paper fibers from ni
149. ibilities defined by instruction and practice Know the commitments of the shop to provide support to units external to your command These commitments exist in the form of Interservice Support Agreements ISA J oint Interservice Regional Support Group J RSG Memorandums of Understanding MOU and Memorandums of Agreement MOA Agreements between units typically define reoccurring services and the basis for financial reimbursement Although you need not know the intricades involved in establishing agreements between units you must know if your shop has such commitments the extent of the obligation and the format for finding These factors can determine how your shop orders supplies and schedules work loads shows external agreements and their purposes UTERSERCE sursonT AGREEMENT petri nts acoceomelwa BERCEO T Copies aama FOR REM SUROEENT sour erememnce meoronns surront anoue JIRS TnT MO A weno STWR GENERAL AREA OF REBPONGIBLITY 2 E Daunes encom ok Sones AEA menonanoum of noeneen MOU ne TERETA or neoocunano SUppisuerreD ay isa aera Figure 1 1 External Agreements Continued on next page 1 4 Shop Layout Continued Physical environment Ideally drafting shops are divided into the following three distinct areas Z a reproduction area Z a storage area and Za work area The chances are that your shop was set up before you arrived Review your shop spaces with an eye for an improved work environment
150. ier from excessive wear due to exceeding the manufacturer rated capacity NAVPUB 6600729 ECONOMICAL COPYING LIMIT COPIES PER ORIGINAL TOTAL COPIES PER JOB zx For larger requirements use copier or facility in Bldg Room Please limit quantities to absolute minimum DMNPO130 Figure 1 3 E conomical Copying Limit Continued on next page 1 11 NAVPUBINST Figure 1 4 Shows an example of a Duplicating Production Log 5600 44 Regulations Continued Management Reprographics Program Continued Mn BIT OMNFO131 Continued on next page 1 12 Figure 1 4 Duplicating Production Log Regulations Continued NAVPUBINST The Reproduction Production Log specifies job number ordering activity 5600 44 Reprographics Management Program Continued size number of originals copies each total copies and adjusted totals This information is a valuable source in figuring overall costs in man hours and supplies Figure 1 5 depicts the Reproduction Production Log which is an enclosure to the instruction i ihe ne piaeas ae idles ee l S HE E ER a ee Hr o SSSss SSS mca aes on S S M TOTAL SQUARE FEST DMNPO132 Figure 1 5 Reproduction Production Log Continued on next page Regulations Continued NAVPUBINST This regulation provides detailed guidance to all ships and stations that f produce a newspape
151. ily jams and the bulb is very sensitive to rapid temperature fluctuations and perspiration from your hand during handling Although the slide projector looks difficult to adjust its many parts have obvious functions A slide projector consists of a slide holder lens focusing knob forward reverse button on off button select button remote receptade dissolve receptacle timer and a bulb Some of these features require further explanation SLIDE HOLDER The holder for slides fed into the slide projector is available as a tray that holds from 60 to 180 slides or a stack loader that feeds a stack of slides one at a time into the projector SELECT BUTTON Use the select button to select a specific slide in the slide tray Depress SELECT and spin the tray to align the slide sequence number with the gate When you release the SELECT button the desired slide will advance into the gate for projection TIMER Use the timer button to select the manual or automatic mode In manual the operator has control of the amount of time the slide is on the screen In automatic the operator selects the time interval and the projector automatically changes the slide The timer activates to prompt the projector to change slides and refocus The choices are in 5 10 and 15 second increments BULB The bulb in a slide projector has two levels of illumination Low illumination is 425 watts Using the projector bulb at low watt illumination prolongs the life
152. in joint the steel band and the roller Because of the ability to adjust tension in the bands steel band linkage is superior to pin joint linkage Drafting machines with a roller linkage are advantageous when you are working on a large table or in a small space Figure 2 13 displays linkages most commonly found on drafting machines ROLLER TRACK Figure 2 13 Linkage types TABLE CLAMP The table damp attaches the drafting machine to the table Adjustments to the dearance and the position of the protractor head are made at the damp Continued on next page 2 15 Furniture Continued Parallel straightedges Parallel straightedges maintain parallel motion throughout their length A system of cords and internal pulleys kept at moderate tension support the straightedge at both ends and allow travel up and down the tabletop The cord used in a parallel straightedge may be fiber or coated wire Straightedges are made in plastic wood or metal The major advantages of a parallel straightedge are as follows Zit is used by both left and right handed DMs Zit is easily restrung Z it is ideal when space is tight and Zit is simple to adjust and care for Keep the parallel straightedge clean particularly underneath where it contacts with the paper surface Periodically check the tension of the cord and adjust it as necessary When the cord becomes frayed or kinked restring the internal pulleys Never cut against the ed
153. include a distracting blower motor noise the visuals must be transparent to project and the projector requires close placement to the screen Continued on next page 5 9 Projection Devices Continued Nomenclature The overhead projector is a simple device It consists of a three position on off switch a lamp a fresnel lens mirrors a projection stage a focusing knob a blower and a condenser The fresnel lens is the key component of an overhead projector This prismatic lens is a series of concentric drcular scribes calculated to concentrate and intensify the light as it passes through the visual ontoa mirror Figure 5 4 shows the elements of an overhead projector DMNPO11S Figure 5 4 Overhead projector nomenclature Continued on next page 5 10 Projection Devices Continued Use Replacing a bulb To use an overhead projector for front screen projection place the projectural on the projection stage with the bottom of the projectural facing the screen The projectural will be legible to the operator For rear screen projection place the projectural on the projection stage with the bottom of the projectural facing the screen but facedown so that the projectural is illegible to the operator When using an overhead projector always allow the blower motor to cool the bulb before removing power from the unit Use the following tables to remove and replace a bulb in overhead and portable overhead projectors
154. ines of print per minute They are also much quieter than impact printers Some of the disadvantages are that they produce one copy at a time sometimes require specially treated paper stock and the printed output may blur Continued on next page 3 21 Output Devices Continued Nonimpact printer types Thermal transfer ink jet laser wax continuous tone die sublimation and color phase change are nonimpact printers that you may find in a Navy shop THERMAL TRANSFER PRINTERS Thermal transfer printers use wax or ink dies from a heated printing element to transfer an image to a page INK J ET PRINTERS Ink jet printers spray electrically charged ink through tiny nozzles in the printing element The ink passes through an electrically charged field that forms the image in matrix form These printers offer very high quality resolution and print up to 300 s LASER PRINTERS A laser printer directs a beam of light that electrically charges an image on a photosensitive drum Toner attracts and adheres to the dots on the drum and a heating element fixes the image on the paper These printers can print in excess of 20 000 lines per minute WAX PRINTERS Wax printers use a ribbon of thin transparent wax Ribbons are available in color and are useful for transparencies CONTINUOUS TONE DIE SUBLIMATION Continuous tone die sublimation uses color dies on a plastic film for image transfer This is a thermal transfer and requires specially coa
155. ining to a software program or course of instruction CPU SeeCENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT CRAWL DEVICE A rotating drum used to display credit lines for television transmissions CREMNITZ SeeWHITE LEAD CROP To cut Off Continued on next page Al 16 Glossary Continued C Continued CROP MARKS Marks used to define the limits of an image for reproduction CROPPING Defining the limits of an image for reproduction CROSSHATCH Parallel lines drawn across other parallel lines to indicate tone CROW QUILL A fine stiff pen nib with little spring used for drawing fine lines and lettering CRT Also called CATHODE RAY TUBE A screen or monitor that converts light rays to electrical impulses for transmission or receiving CUBE A solid form of six equal square sides CURSOR A position indicator on a computer monitor CUTAWAY DRAWING A drawing where a portion of the object is cut away revealing the internal structure CUTLINE The placing of a caption in an illustration CUTTING PLANE LINE A sectional view showing a theoretical cut on theitem CYAN Light blue green color CYCLE OF ACTION The completion of a single action of animated movement DAISY WHEEL PRINTER A spinning wheel with spokes having raised letters and numbers DAMAR FINISH Varnish used as a final protective coat over a painting or mixed as part of the painting medium Continued on next page Al
156. ions and Forms NAVPUBINST P 2002 Navy Publications and Printing Service Management Office Washington DC 1996 Permission to Copy Material Subject to Copyright SECNAVINST 5870 5 Department of the Navy Office of the Secretary Washington DC 1988 Precious Metal Recovery Program PMRP NAVSEAINST 4570 3 Naval Sea Systems Command Washington DC 1987 Preparation and Submission of J CP Forms 1 5 and 6 Procedures for NAVPUBINST 5603 10 Naval Publications and Printing Service Management Office Washington DC 1982 Continued on next page All 2 References Used To Develop The TRAMAN Continued Continued Printed Matter for Offidal Ceremonies SECNAVINST 5603 2D Department of the Navy Office of the Secretary Washington DC 1993 Reporting of Missing Lost Stolen or Recovered MLSR Government Property SECNAVINST 5500 4G Department of the Navy Office of the Secretary Washington DC 1993 Reprographics Management Program NAVPUBINST 5600 44D Naval Publications and Printing Service Management Office Washington DC 1990 George Ross F The Speedball Textbook for Pen and Brush Lettering 19th ed Hunt Manufacturing Co Philadelphia PA 1965 Department of the Navy ADP Security Manual OPNAVINST 5239 1A Office of the Chief of Naval Operations Washington DC 1996 Anderson Ronald H Sdecting and Developing Media for Instruction 2d ed Van Nostrand Reinhold Company Inc New York NY
157. is completely closed or the fill will bleed into the adjacent area Color or pattern selection is nearly limitless BELZIER CURVES The axis of a Belzier curve automatically changes as you move the cursor or mouse across the screen GEOMETRIC SHAPES These are closed shapes whose major and minor axis change with the movement of the cursor or mouse DELETE Use a geometric shape to surround or isolate segments you want removed from the image and dick into place Then press the DELETE key to remove everything inside the geometric shape UNDO UNDO is a feature that eliminates the last command given and its associated affects Continued on next page 3 34 Graphics Programs Continued Graphics software features Continued Your attitude toward graphics software ONE or MULTI LAYERING Graphics programs create artwork on one layer where everything is visible to you or on multi layers where different aspects of the image are on different layers Multi layering complicates Modification because you cannot always see how under layers are affected SCALE Most programs offer scale changes to both the vertical and horizontal dimensions BRUSH PENCIL PEN NIB SPRAY Selection between the effect of a brush stroke the nuances of a pencil or pen nib and the splattering of an aerosol spray are common icons that mimic traditional drawing tools STROKE or SPRAY WIDTH and SHAPE A wide or narrow stroke that is either round or square
158. is referred to as dots per inch DPI The dpi in height and dpi in width define the display of the monitor A 17 or 20 inch monitor rated at 640 by 480 dpi or higher is a good monitor for general purpose work This is the type of monitor you will most likely be using Plotters are output devices used for large linear drawings The drawing or design is conveyed to the paper surface by plotting a series of points and connecting them with lines Plotters are most often used for drafting or map making Continued on next page 3 19 Output Devices Continued Printers Impact printers Dot matrix printers Printers provide a hard copy printout of data stored electronically inside the computer or from a disk The two types of printers are impact printers and nonimpact printers Impact printers operate in the same manner as do typewriters They are either front striking where a print hammer strikes a character against an inked ribbon and paper or hammer striking where print hammers strike a character against paper first and then an inked ribbon Impact printers print one character at a time at speeds from 30 to 350 characters per second CPS Impact printers use standard single multipart and continuous form paper Dot matrix printers and daisy wheel printers are impact printers A dot matrix printer creates a character with a series of tiny pins or wires that strike the ribbon or page and leave an image in dots The resolution of the
159. ision tools to produce mathematically precise layouts diagrams and engineering drawings Continued on next page Al 37 Glossary Continued M Continued MEDIUM 1 A liquid that dilutes a paint without damaging its adhesive 2 The mode of expression employed 3 The actual instrument or material used by the artist MEGABYTE Abbreviated MB or M approximately one million bytes of data MEMORY That portion of computer hardware that retains data for later retrieval MENU A selection of options displayed on a computer screen MICROCOMPUTER Another name for a personal computer or computer workstation not attached to a mainframe system MILITARY STANDARDS Also called MIL STD A formalized set of government standards MIXED ME DIUMR Also called MIXED MEDIA A combination of two or more mediums MODE M An electronic input output device that connects computer workstations for communications MOIRE An An wavey or checkered pattern that results when photographing a halftone through a screen MONOCHROMATIC Shades or tints of one color MONTAGE See COMPOSITE 1 Arranging a number of pictures or designs in a combination often with some overlapping so that they form a composite whole 2 The resultant arrangement or composition MONITOR The viewing screen of a computer system MOOD An outward projection of a feeling or emotion that affects behavior communicated by action
160. k accurately and diligently Continued on next page 1 50 J ob Orders Continued Standard job order form Figure 1 27 s the front of a standard job order form TREVLAGES NAAA Seas WPIC 18 OBSOLETE CONTPGAED ON REVERSE Figure 1 27 J ob order Continued on next page 1 51 J ob Orders Continued Standard job shows the amount and type of information on the job order that order form will also be in the job log and eventually translated to the VI report Continued Figure 1 28 Audiovisual Activity J ob Order back Customer Service Introduction Customer treatment The Navy Illustrator Draftsman is a customer service oriented rate We provide a product to a customer Your customer maybe the fleet a coworker or peer your seniors and even a subordinate The customer perceives your attitude and responsiveness as part of the product You spoil a beautifully executed product by treating a customer poorly Poor treatment is what a customer remembers If you are not able to assist your customers refer them to someone who can Dont let a customer walk away from you dissatisfied Figure 1 29 shows worker responsibilities to extend professional customer service CUSTOMER CHAIN OF FLEET COMMAND COWORKERS owen Figure 1 29 Service obligations Be courteous and responsive to the requests of customers Listen carefully to what they want If they are asking the impossible tell them so and
161. lar curves 2 39 protractors 2 42 2 43 special irregular curves 2 40 templates 2 44 triangles 2 37 2 38 E Edit Devices 3 12 Central Processing Unit CPU 3 13 clock 3 14 Compact Disk Read Only Memory CD ROM 3 18 disks 3 15 3 16 disk drives 3 15 expansion boards 3 14 hard disk drives math co processor 3 14 motherboard 3 13 Random Access Memory RAM 3 13 removable disk drives 3 17 Read Only Memory ROM system unit 3 12 Video Graphics Array VGA 3 18 F Files 1 35 containers 1 35 picture morgue responsibility 1 35 systems 1 36 Forms 1 32 Continued on next page INDEX 3 INDEX Continued F Continued Furniturel 2 3 care 2 3 chairs 2 8 drafting machined 2 13 2 14 2 15 drafting tables 2 3 2 4 lighting 2 8 light tables 2 5 2 12 parallel straightedge steel straightedges 2 18 table covers 2 6 2 7 2 8 tabouret t square 2 17 waxers 2 9 2 10 worktables 2 5 G General Maintenance 4 5 General Safety Precautions 4 4 Graphics Programs 3 33 bit mapped software 3 33 features _3 34 3 35 vector mapped software 3 34 H Hardware 3 5 maintenance _3 5 Input Devices 3 6 joysticks and trackballs 3 10 keyboards 3 6 light pens mouses 3 10 microphones 3 11 pressure sensitive electronic tablets 3 11 scanners 3 9 Continued on next page INDEX 4
162. leaded pencils sometimes called china markers come in a variety of colors and are capable of marking on glass plastic and metal surfaces Basic Consumables Introduction Erasers Many things a DM uses in the shop are consumable items Erasers pencils and brushes are used and discarded These items are underestimated in terms of what they do to ease the work load of the DM There are electric erasers and hand erasers ELECTRIC ERASERS Electric erasers are hand held units with a power cord or rechargeable base They provide a rapid and thorough erasure Take care not to hold the eraser in one spot for too long as the rotation of the eraser and heat generated by it will damage the paper surface Move the electric eraser in a circular motion over the drawing protecting those areas to remain with an erasing shield Figure 2 71 shows silhouettes of some popular electric erasers CORDLESS HAS A SEPARATE ENERGIZER STAND TO RECHARGE UNIT Figure 2 71 Electric erasers Continued on next page 2 64 Basic Consumables Continued Erasers continued Types of erasers HAND HELD ERASERS Hand held erasers are available in different grades each with a specific purpose Hard erasers are a white or grey color and are very abrasive They remove stubborn marks in penal or ink Moderately abrasive erasers are red Soft erasers remove only light lines as they are the least abrasive Soft erasers are pink in color Eras
163. leased Copiers are classified by volume range and speed The command or shop may need a color copier or a black and white copier Available options also influence the choice of a copier A low volume range indicates the need for a personal copier which tends to be slow in operation A medium range copier is for moderate use and a high volume range indicates a heavy use multifunction high speed copier found in reprographic departments and printshops Standard copiers produce basic black images on either white or colored paper These images appear through electrostatic thermographic or digital technology Speed resolution and volume are the primary variables that influence the selection of a standard copier Color copiers make the image appear through thermal fusion or laser technology THERMAL A copier scans an image at 300 dots per inch DPI and prints through a ribbon that converts the image into a combination of four colors Heat transfers and fixes the image to paper LASER Laser copiers use color toner instead of ribbon to create an image The color toner is available in cyan magenta yellow and black They use digital technology to act as a laser printer reproducing the image in very high resolution Continued on next page 4 6 Copiers Continued Options Most copiers are user friendly Standard symbology or icons represent options and often labels do not appear on the fada of the machine Most copier
164. list of acronyms you must know to understand the material in this chapter International Standards Organization LASER Light Amplification by Simulated Emission of Radiation o o O Sie O m ranere Continued on next page 4 2 Overview Continued In this chapter This chapter covers the following topics Topic See Page General Safety Precautions 4 4 General Maintenance Diazo Machines Phototypesetters 4 22 Pressure Process Lettering Machines Spedal Applications Graphic Machines 43 General Safety Precautions Introduction General precautions Environmental precautions Since most shop equipment is electrically driven you must observe several precautions to avoid personal injury and injury of others and to prevent damage to the equipment Inspect reproduction equipment regularly and have all repairs done by a qualified electrician Common electrical discrepancies are as follows Z worn or frayed cords Z bare wires and Z broken malfunctioning switches Avoid extensive use of extension cords Plug units into safety approved surge protectors Make sure power to the equipment is off before cleaning any equipment CAUTION Never touch an energized electrical plug switch or any part of electrically operated equipment when you have wet hands or while you are standing in water on a wet deck Do not expose electrically powered reproduction equipment to the elements D
165. mp CENTRAL AMERICA TH BLOSSOM WITH LEAVES BARE BRANCHES BARK B TRUNK TROPICAL UNUSUAL FLOWERS PLANTS VMES GARDENE GARDEN PICTURES amp TOOLS CLOUD LIGHTNING RAM MOUNTAINS ROCKS CATS 00GS HORSES CATTLE GOAT BHEEP RABBITS RODENTS SANE BEARS CAMELS DEER ELEPHANTS FOX amp WOLF LIONG A WILD CATB MONKEYS DOLPHINS WHALES FREBH WATER FISH ALLIGATORS Gace fom wieecTs REPER AUTO RACING BASEBALL BASKETBALL BOONG BULLFICHTING FOOTBALL TRACK ARCHERY SOWING CAMPS amp PICNICS CYCLING PEHING GOLF HUNTING amp SHOOTING SUS SROOTIG SONG WATER KANG WRITER GFORTE BARBER SHOP BEAUTY SHOP DEPARTMENT STORES DRUG STORES FOOD STORES BA TARIA HOUBES BARNS FARM EQUIPMENT FARM SCENES CHEMICAL CONSTRUCTION DIARY FACTORIES MINING OIL STEEL WOOD TART COLOR COMPOSITION SCULPTURE fwecen taneous FLAGS FOOD HOLIDAYS TELEPHONES WAR SCENES Figure 1 21 Subject divisions Continued on next page 1 37 Files Continued Filing Continued Figure 1 22 indicates how tabbed folders are easily visible 3 25 HOUSING EXTERIOR WALLS amp FENCES 3 24 HOUSING EXTERIOR PORCHES amp TERRACES 3 22 HOUSING EXTERIOR 200 a WoS 3 21 HOUSING EXTERIOR GARAGES 3 16 HOUSING INTERIOR FIREPLACES 3 15 HOUSING INTERIOR HEATING VENTILATION 3 14 HOUSING INTERIOR N d 3 13 HOUSING INTERIOR S
166. must know well to manage a Navy Graphics shop effectively BUPERSINST 1610 10 Navy Performance Evaluation EVAL and Counseling Systen DODINST 4000 19 Interservice Interdepartmental and Interagency support CP No 26 Government Printing and Binding Regulations NAVPUBINST Reprographics Management Program 5600 44 NAVPUBINST Department of the Navy Publications and 5600 42 NAVSO P 35 Printing Regulations NAVPUBINST Preparation and Submission of J CP Forms 1 5 5603 10 and 6 Procedures for NAVPUBINST P 2002 Navy Stocklist of Publications and F orms NAVSEAINST 4570 3 Predous Metal Recovery Program PMRP OPNAVNOTE 5290 Alteration of Official DOD Imagery OPNAVINST 5290 1 Naval Imaging program NAVIMP Policy and Responsibilities OPNAVINST 5510 1 Department of the Navy Information and Personnel Security Program Regulation SECNAVINST 5213 10 Department of the Navy Forms Management program Continued on next page Regulations Continued Governing directives Continued SECNAVINST 5215 1 Department of the Navy Directives Issuance System SECNAVINST 5216 5 Navy Correspondence Manual SE CNAVINST 5210 11 Department of the Navy Standard Subject Identification Codes SECNAVINST 5500 4 Department of the Navy Reporting of Missing Lost Stolen or Recovered Government Property SEC NAVINST 5870 6 Copyright in Works of Authorship Prepared by Department of the Navy Per
167. n s seue esaa 1 1 2 Basic EQUIPMEN C espri oone i a ORE aA 2 1 B Computer Equipment 0 0 0 ccc cece cece eee eee enna 3 1 Reproduction Equipment n ssa cece eee cece cence eens 5JAudiovisual Equipment 0c ccc cece cece ence e eae 5 1 VF GUGSSAN G5 crenc E E EE EE ehsseecdllew EE Al 1 IT References Used to Develop The TRAMAN 0 0000 eee ee All 1 INDER EE E E INDEX 1 ILLUSTRATOR DRAFTSMAN DM TRAINING SERIES The following volumes in the DM Training Series are available or planned DM Vol 1 Equipment This is an overview of general shop administration available NAVEDTRA equipment required operator adjustments and equipment maintenance 12720 Knowing the capabilities and limitations of the equipment before creating artwork is essential DM Vol 2 Standard Drafting Practices And Theory Industry standards for technical NAVEDTRA drawing geometric construction general drafting practices parallel projections perspective and composition are foundational material on which all executionable practices rely DM Vol 3 Executionable Practices These chapters cover the theory of color NAVEDTRA XXXXX master DM Vol 4 Presentations Graphics Prepress copy preparation television graphics NAVEDTRA displays exhibits and audiovisual presentations are end products and will XXXXX influence the how and why DMs do business Nonresident
168. n in basic photographic theory camera operation and film characteristics is a valuable asset as a DM This information applies to many aspects of our job and is a natural extension of our creativity and visual literacy Understanding tonal representation in photography also helps to understand tone as it applies to the printing process and CRT transmission Study the Photographer s Mate Basic manual It is well written and easily understood As with all processes understanding how and why a process works unravels the mystery of operator adjustments Machines are logical and predictable Mastering reproduction equipment is essential Knowing the processes required to achieve an end product makes the creation of the product easier Overview Introduction Objectives CHAPTER 5 AUDIOVISUAL EQUIPMENT Every command in the Navy has a different requirement for audiovisual presentations Some commands have elaborate briefing theaters with closed circuit television or computer assisted telecommunications and Internet while other commands have only an occasional overhead projector You need a working knowledge of the operation and basic maintenance of the common types of audiovisual equipment The material in this chapter enables you to do the following N Clean and inspect visual presentation equipment Ne Identify operator adjustments on visual presentation equipment Ne Select audiovisual equipment appropriate to a presenta
169. n requiring three different foreshortening ratios Continued on next page Al 62 Glossary Continued T Continued T SQUARE A ruling guide with a 90 angled crosspiece at one end used in making horizontal lines TURPENTINE A solvent distilled from the sap of pine or from pine wood used as a thinner and to clean brushes TUTORIAL A lesson guide TWO DIMENSIONAL F lat without depth having only width and height TWO POINT PERSPECTIVE Also called ANGULAR PERSPECTIVE The most common type of perspective drawing where the object is sitting at an angle to the plane of projection and each object has two vanishing points TYPE FACE Theprinting surface of an alphabet judged by its design printability wearability and position on the letter body TYPE FAMILY A group of typefaces similar although not exactly alike in design TYPE SERIES Different sizes of the same typeface TYPESETTERS PHOTOGRAPHIC Machines that supply a variety of type designs and sizes automatically letterspaced and justified on transparent film or plastic coated opaque paper TYPOGRAPHY Theart of type selection and arrangement ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT Actinic shorter wavelength or useable part of the light spectrum needed to reactor harden light sensitive coatings UNDERTONE A color whose effect is modified by other colors imposed over them UNRETOUCHED Not altered or improved by any means Continued on
170. nd cutting a mat Figure 2 9 shows a tabletop carriage unit Figure 2 9 A carriage type mat cutter Continued on next page 2 11 Furniture Continued Paper cutters The most abused tool in the shop is the paper cutter Because of this abuse do not trust the scale at the top of the cutter for accuracy When you use the cutter do not force it to cut more material than it can easily handle Cut only paper or light cardstock Paper cutters come in a variety of sizes with the most common measuring 36 inches in blade length To use a paper cutter follow this table ee eS 2 ate enema Pe rraarsan ain sco anoe If item is too large for one cut cut through item stopping short of the end by 5 inches Z rotate and reposition item to place uncut portion at the top of the cutter and Z carefully and firmly complete cut Replace arm in DOWN position and engage safety catch failure to engage safety catch may result in the arm springing up and damaging the mechanism at the top of the cutter CAUTION Never havea coworker assist by catching paper cuttings Even a dull blade can sever skin Continued on next page 2 12 Furniture Continued Paper cutter Figure 2 10 Shows the nomenclature of a paper cutter Continued DMNPOO0G Figure 2 10 A paper cutter Drafting A drafting machine combines the functions of a parallel ruler a protractor a machines scale and a triangle into one piece of
171. nd work where smudging is a creative option Medium rated leads are the B to 3H pencils These are general layout pendls sometimes used for freehand work Technical drawing and drawing that requires a degree of precision are done by hard leaded pencils in the 4H to 6H range Hard leaded pencils have a small diameter core and tend to appear lighter in density than a soft leaded pencil Variations do occur among manufacturers Figure 2 70 shows a chart of lead hardness SOFT MEDIUM HARD FREE HAND DRAWING FREE HAND DRAWING TECHNICAL DRAWING AND GENERAL LAYOUT Figure 2 70 Lead hardness Continued on next page 2 61 Pencils Continued Lead composition Lead is made of a composition of substance and binder The substance of a pencil lead can be graphite carbon charcoal lithographic grease colored pigment wax or pastel The binder is relatively unimportant unless you are writing on a slick surface The selection of a pencil lead is a matter of personal preference and creative intent however some guidelines do apply GRAPHITE Graphite leads leave a dense black line with a shiny surface that can reflect light or glare when photographed for reproduction As humidity increases the lead softens and smears easily In extremely dry conditions the graphite produces a dusty residue CARBON Carbon pencils produce a dense dull surfaced black line that is not affected by humidity to the same extent that graphite is
172. ne or ivory used to flatten smooth or polish a surface with hand pressure BUSY Excessive or competing detail BUTTON BAR Also called TOOL BOX A program specific legend of options available to a computer user Continued on next page Al 8 Glossary Continued c CABINET PROJ ECTION A type of oblique drawing with the angled receding lines drawn to one half scale CALLOUT To call attention to a part or item in an illustration CAMCORDER A video camera and recorder in one unit CAMEO PAPER Paper of a dull smooth finish used frequently for carbon and graphite pencil drawings CAMERA LUCIDA Also called LACEY LUCY An instrument with prism lenses used for enlarging or reducing artwork CAMERA READY COPY SeeREPRODUCTION COPY CANVAS A surface made of doth usually cotton or linen for painting CANVAS BOARD Cardboard covered with cotton or linen used as a surface for painting CANVASKIN A paper with a textured surface resembling canvas CAPTION Any descriptive heading or title for an illustration or table CARBON PENCIL Pressed carbon in a wood casing CARICATURE The deliberate exaggeration and distortion of prominent features or mannerisms CARPENTER S PENCIL A wide flat lead pencil ideal for chisel point lettering or laying in broad tones CARTOON A comic or satiric drawing CARTOUCHE A scroll like design used ornamentally in printing or hand lettering Co
173. ne your very best work and that you have treated all persons well and fairly Overview Introduction Objectives CHAPTER 2 BASIC EQUIPMENT The environment of the Navy Drafting shop directly reflects the vitality of the shop and the abilities of the personnel assigned to it It sets the mood for creativity and productivity Cleanliness availability of supplies and equipment readiness are important to the environment of the shop and affects the way a customer perceives the professional knowledge and capabilities of personnel The material in this chapter enables you to do the following Z Identify the angles created by the use of the 30 60 and 90 degree triangles both alone and in combination Z Differentiate between standard cased instruments and special purpose instruments Z Identify the steps in cleaning a technical pen with a reservoir Z Select the appropriate lead hardness for a detailed technical drawing Continued on next page Overview Continued Inthis chapter This chapter covers the following topics Drawing Aids Brushes 2 59 Pencils 2 64 Basic Consumables 2 67 2 2 Furniture Introduction The name Illustrator Draftsman conjures up a visual image of a particular type of table and drawing instruments However a drafting table and a set of cased instruments are not all a DM has to work with Along with the use of furniture and equipment is the responsibility of maintenance Ge
174. nel far less Provide feedback and motivate your crew Fulfill administrative obligations accurately and in a timely manner Continued on next page 1 46 Supervision Continued Supervising Continued FEEDBACK All people want feedback on job performance and for different reasons Provide feedback in the forms of criticism or praise F eedback in either form should be honest and constructive There is a major difference Praise a worker in public critidze him in private Feedback may be intangible as in verbal exchanges or physical gestures and touch or tangible as in counseling sheets evaluations and awards The following table lists some tangible forms of feedback Fem darian E Evaluations Z Navy Performance Evaluation EVAL and Counseling System BUPERSINST 1610 10 Awards Z Local policy and instructions on Z commendatory correspondence Z Sailor of the Month Quarter Y ear Zcommendatory mast Z Navy and Marine Corps Awards Manual OPNAVINST 1650 1 MOTIVATION Take time to know each worker and what motivates each one Motivate people differently Be creative in seeking ways to motivate your crew members Foster team spirit within the shop division and command Motivate positively Negative motivation produces negative results and promotes undesirable behaviors Continued on next page 1 47 Supervision Continued Supervising Continued Training ACCURACY The administrative forms you complete and su
175. neral care Tables straightedges and other equipment that is common to drafting shops should be kept clean of debris and clutter Periodically clean them with mild detergent and rinse them well Use a thinner or mineral spirits to remove adhesives and wax Keep tables and straightedges free of nicks and lacerations Carefully adjust tables and chairs for comfort in sitting or standing at work Draftingtables Drafting tables come in a variety of shapes and sizes Most tables have a height and a tilt adjustment The trend is toward modular systems with an adjoining worktable Do not cut against the drafting table Make it a practice to cover the drafting tabletop and change the cover when it becomes soiled or unserviceable shows a large drafting table Figure 2 1 A large drafting table with a roller type drafting machine Continued on next page 2 3 Furniture Continued Drafting tables shows many types of drafting tables Continued L SHAPED DRAFTING TABLE AND REFERENCE DESK THE DRAWING BOARD IS ADJUSTABLE TO ANY ANGLE DRAFTING TABLES WITH ADJUSTABLE DRAWING BOARDS THAT MAY BE TILTED UP TO A MAXIMUM OF 45 TABLE SHOWN ON THE LEFT ALSO HAS A FLAT SURFACE FOR TOOLS OR REFERENCE MATERIAL PEDESTAL DRAFTING FRENCH TABLE TABLE ADJUSTABLE TO ANY ANGLE FROM HORIZONTAL TO VERTICAL DMNPOOO4 Figure 2 2 Drafting tables Continued on next page 2 4 Furniture Continued Worktables Light
176. next fiscal review VISUAL INFORMATION VI ANNUAL ACTIVITY REPORT Eanan ran an pansan naaa mes aaan nero contr masor Come mamoers pa nat sppeer on Bee frm posna OR SECTION A a e T nh ACR TERE OE ORY vit orn Pro ene een rate TALA T Figure 1 19 VI Annual Report Continued on next page Regulations Continued SECNAVINST Figure 1 20 shows an example of DD Form 2054 2 the Audiovisual AV 5290 1 Naval Imaging Program Continued Hazardous Material Annual Production and Library Report Tarun i enn POOE NON NO UaAATRaPOAT ASSET Figure 1 20 DD Form 2054 2 In the present climate and in the future hazardous material presents handling storage and disposal problems Guidelines change daily out of necessity So stay abreast of new developments and regulations in this area Furthermore collect Material Safety Data Sheets MSDS and keep them available in your work space MSDS sheets outline procedures to minimize damage to the workers and the environment should mishandling result in a spill or exposure They are printed for every product manufactured in the United States Track them down and maintain a file of MSDS sheets for all products in the shop Make them available for all hands to review It is your right and duty to be aware of hazards in the work center If a manufacturer does not or will not provide a MSDS sheet for their product switch to another manufacturer Forms Introdu
177. next page Al 63 Glossary Continued U Continued UPPERCASE The capital letters of an alphabet USER INTERFACE The visual and physical attributes of a software program including tools text and graphics handling characteristics UTILITY PLAN A floor plan of a structure showing locations of heating electrical plumbing and other service components VALUE The relative lightness and darkness of different areas of the picture represented in tones shading line balance and layout VALUE SCALE The complete range of values from the lightest to the darkest VAN DYKE A brownprint negative and sometimes a brownline positive VANISHING POINT The point at which parallel lines receding from the observer appear to converge in a perspective drawing or photograph VARIGRAPH A lettering device that allows manipulation of letter size slant and shape VARNISH A solution made of a resin in a volatile medium VEHICLE A liquid used as a carrier of pigment in paint VECTOR BASE D mages based on a series of plotted points that define precise lines and geometric shapes VELLUM A kind of free translucent paper resembling parchment or onion skin used for duplicating copies made with a whiteprint machine VELOX A print of a photograph or other continuous tone copy prescreened before paste up or platemaking with line copy eliminating the need for a composite negative Continued on next page
178. ns and have borrowers sign for custody of the loaned gear Keep an inventory identifying the equipment by make and model the type of system the equipment is part of the mode the equipment operates in what kind of information and media the computer processes and the level of sensitivity for the highest dassification of material processed Post the name and phone number of the physical security officer and or ADPSO near the workstation 3 42 Summary Review Comments This chapter briefly covers a computer system its assodated peripherals and the differences between hardware and software Because of the plethora of applications software available in the fleet and the absence of standardized programs in graphic shops throughout the Navy specific software packages were not covered in detail Stringently follow security procedures and provide adequate protection for dassified material in the electronic format If you are not knowledgeable on safeguarding classified material find the authority in the command and assess the integrity of your shop Computerization is the single most significant event of the twentieth century It impacts every aspect of life Take a serious look at how computers affect you Even your local pizza parlor can speculate on your life by analyzing your choice of pizza ingredients and how often you order whether you pay by check and how much you tip the driver You must become computer literate Navy Graphic shops
179. ntification Codes SECNAVINST 5210 11D Department of the Navy Office of the Secretary Washington DC 1987 Department of the Navy Forms Management Program SECNAVINST 5213 10D Department of the Navy Office of the Secretary Washington DC 1992 J CP No 26 Government Printing and Binding Regulations S Pub 101 9 J oint Committee on Printing 818 Hart Senate Office Building United States Senate Washington DC 1990 Continued on next page All 1 References Used To Develop The TRAMAN Continued Graphic Design Standards SECNAVINST 5600 20 CH 2 Department of Continued the Nawy Office of the Secretary Washington DC 1984 Interservice Interdepartmental and Interagency Support DODINST 4000 19 Department of Defense Washington DC 1995 Naval Imaging Program NAVIMP Policy and Responsibilities OPNAVINST 5290 1A Office of the Chief of Naval Operations Washington DC 1990 Navy Performance Evaluation EVAL and Counseling System BUPERSINST 1610 10 Bureau of Naval Personnel Washington DC 1995 Navy Correspondence Manual SECNAVINST 5216 5 Department of the Navy Office of the Secretary Washington DC 1983 Navy and Marine Corps Awards Manual OPNAVINST 1650 1 Office of the Chief of Naval Operations Washington DC 1991 Navy Customer Service Manual NAVEDTRA 12014 Naval Education and Training Professional Development and Technology Center Pensacola FL 1994 Navy Stocklist of Publicat
180. ntinued on next page Al 9 Glossary Continued C Continued CASEIN A curd of milk and lime used as a binder in tempura paint CAVALIER PROJ ECTION A form of oblique drawing with the receding lines drawn full scale at 45 to the orthographic front view CD S COMPACT DISK CD ROM See COMPACT DISK READ ONLY MEMORY CEL Acetate overlays used in television art and animation CEL LEVEL The number of eels placed one over another on the same background and photographed at the same time CENTER DISK A drafting instrument that protects the paper surface from damage when drawing multiple concentric circles with a compass CENTER OF INTEREST The part of the picture that attracts the most attention CENTER LINE Lines that indicate the center consisting of alternating long and short dashed evenly spaced CENTER SPREAD Two facing pages formed by one folded sheet of paper CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT Also called CPU The integrated circuit IC chip that controls the speed and processing power of the computer CHAIN or CIVIL ENGINEER S SCALE A scale generally triangular divided in dedmal units or units of 10 CHARACTER Any letter number punctuation mark or space in printed matter Continued on next page Al 10 Glossary Continued C Continued CHARACTER GENERATOR A computer hardware or software device that provides a means for formulating a character font and as a controlling f
181. ny people the job requires worker skill levels and the job time line Some jobs necessitate dividing the labor force into an assembly line vice independent workers Continued on next page 145 Supervision Continued Organizing Continued Coordinating Supervising Some of the advantages and disadvantages of a divided work force is shown in the following table ee oa Assembly line rapid production e limited overall Z developed expertise development Z unable to see big picture Z boredom Independent worker Z pride in Z skilled workers _ accomplishment sometimes do menial Z development of skills _ tasks Z sees big picture Z requires broader skills All phases of leadership and management require coordinating It starts at the planning stage when deciding who is the right person for the job whether the material to do the job is onboard and if the work environment is ready to support the job Coordinating outside shop support equipment readiness and timely completion ensures that deadlines are met and no one shop is scrambling because another shop fell behind Supervising is more than coordinating work flow and staying abreast of new technologies It involves communicating both up and down the chain of command thoughtful and timely decisions and consistency and fairness Be supportive without interfering or stifling creativity Regularly monitor inexperienced personnel but monitor experienced person
182. o and how we do them They provide guidance and direction They ensure uniformity and discipline However the word regulations seems always to have a derogatory connotation but regulations actually work for you When you know and operate within the guidelines of published regulations you your shop and the people that work for you are well taken care of Local policy Local commands may have an established policy regarding the function and use of the Graphics shop Some do not If a guidance policy does not exist for your shop it would be wise for you to create one If one exists review it annually and update it as necessary A command policy or instruction minimizes the opportunity to abuse shop personnel equipment and supplies It establishes procedures establishes a chain of command for requesting services and sets criteria for priority work When you have to create a command policy or instruction use existing guidance already promulgated in Navy and Department of Defense instructions Governing Although the instructions in this section were current at the time of this directives writing they are subject to periodic review Gather these instructions as reference material and be sure to collect the most recent edition This training manual will not cover them in detail Continued on next page 1 6 Regulations Continued Governing directives Continued The following table contains a list of instructions you
183. odically assess the computer graphic capabilities of your shop and stay as current as you can Graphics software allows you to create artwork and images to stand alone or to insert into text Some programs create primarily presentation graphics in the form of 35mm slides overhead transparencies electronic presentations and audience handouts Other graphics software allows you to modify or combine existing artwork edit and enhance photographs create line graphs pie charts and organizational charts The two types of graphics software technology are bit mapping or raster based and vector mapping How easily the graphics program permits image manipulation and how sharp the resolution of that image is part of the software program Monitor resolution the VGA card and the devices used to make the hard copy end product also affect resolution Regardless of manufacturer and because there are so many graphics software programs used in Navy Graphics shops this segment covers only those features common to the majority of programs Bit mapped images create an image using a point or hundreds of points of light in a matrix These images are slower to manipulate and create than vector graphics but more spontaneous and easier to learn Multi layering bit mapped matrixes into distinct gridmapped forms is called raster based imagery Raster based images create painterly effects and encourage creativity They also require an enormous amount of power and mem
184. of oil paints COLD COMPOSITION Composition of type that uses no molten metal to form the image COLD MOUNT A method of mounting artwork or photographs to a surface COLD PRESSE D A paper or illustration board with a medium to rough surface texture COLLAGE Artwork made by arranging and pasting pieces of cloth newspaper and various other materials on a surface to form a composition COLLATING Gathering single sheets or leaves in sequence COLLOTYPE A method of reproducing paintings and drawings using a gelatin plate COLOR A sensation caused by light waves of different lengths comprised of three elements hue value and intensity COLOR BARS Bars of color that appear on a video screen to facilitate fine tuning of the color resolution COLOR BLENDING Blending or combining different colors to form another color or smooth gradient Continued on next page Al 12 Glossary Continued C Continued COLOR CHART An arrangement of colors COLOR CYCLING A spectral effect that creates the illusion of movement on the computer screen COLOR DIMENSIONS The three elements of color hue value and intensity COLOR GRAPHICS ADAPTER BOARD Also called CGA or a Video Graphics Adapter VGA This IC chip defines the ability of the computer to execute commands during the creation of artwork in the computer COLOR HARMONY A unified or aesthetically pleasing effect produced by a combin
185. of peel Continued CARRIER ACETATE LOW TACK ADHESIVE COLOR TAPE HIGH TACK ADHESIVE WAX PAPER BACK p WAX BACK AND EXCESS COLOR TAPE D YVAN CLEAR CARRER LOW ANGLE AC OF PEEL DESIRED LETTER DMNPO101 Figure 4 10 Tape layers 4 26 Special Applications Graphics Machines Introduction There are a number of graphics machines that have special purposes Two machines that you may encounter in the fleet are the engraver and a computerized graphics machine Engravers An engraver routes letters and images below the surface of metals and plastics Personnel name tags doorplates desk plates and shipboard signage are all examples of engraved products Engraving is also done on plaques and trophies and shadow boxes Engravers work on the same principle as a pantograph that is a parallelogram with repositionable tracer and drawing points shows the similarities between a pantograph and an engraving rig PARALLELOGRAM STATION POINT TRACE POINT i PANTOGRAPH DRAWING POINT STATION POINT TRACER PONT ENGRAVING POINT ENGRAVING RIG rae Figure 4 11 Similarities in operation Continued on next page 4 27 Special Applications Graphics Machines Continued Engraver features General care General maintenance Manual engravers may be hand driven or motorized Newer automated engravers have keyboards a memory system and an editing screen Engravers enlarge reduce or create the sam
186. on label with the overall security dassification and a permanently assigned identification number When you dedassify and degauss the disks remove all external labels indicating the dassification unless you immediately use the disk to store information of the same classification level When you use the computer to create classified graphics and text make sure to mark the computer monitor at the top above the screen with the appropriate security classification Mark hard copy reports or printouts from a printer terminal plotter or other computer equipment at the top and bottom center of each page with the appropriate classification or the word unclassified Number each page consecutively In most cases do so as you compose the artwork or text in the computer If you are in doubt about security markings consult OPNAVINST 5510 1 Magnetic media such as disks eventually wear out or become damaged If the disk contained classified material degauss or erase it before destruction Handle and dispose of printer ribbon and carbon paper used to print transfer classified information according to the highest classification level of the data printed by that ribbon or carbon F ollow the requirements outlined in the OPNAVINST 5510 1 In addition to safeguarding the information in a computer protect the custody of the system Do not indiscriminately move the system in and out of work spaces If you must loan equipment limit equipment loa
187. on of documents The program features manipulate the text in every imaginable way Read the owner user manual for the software on the computer at your shop Each program offers a combination of features in the following categories DOCUMENT FORMAT Format a document before entering the text of the document by setting the parameters for margins justification centering text aligning text with the right margin setting headers footers endnotes and pagination TEXT ATTRIBUTES Text attributes include the ability of the program to change typefaces and sizes to bold underline or italicize and to display and print EDITING FEATURES Editing features include text search and replace automatic hyphenation automatic word wrap columnization special character definition mail merge incorporation of lines boxes or images delete insert block move text a thesaurus a spell check and grammar and style checker SPECIALIZED FEATURES Some programs offer index construction table of contents construction line numbering and macros which set specific repetitive steps used frequently into one keystroke for rapid recall 3 32 Graphics Programs Introduction Graphics software Bit mapped software programs As a DM you will be using some type of graphics software package in your shop More shops are becoming computerized and just as the command mission varies at each duty station so does the graphics software requirements Peri
188. on using prepared colored or toned papers or acetate sheets BOW INSTRUMENTS Drafting tools that draw cirdes and arcs less than one inch in diameter BOX To enclose with borders or rules BREAK LINE Lines to reduce the graphic size of an object generally to conserve paper space BRIEFING CHART Also called BRIEFING PAD A visual aid that presents information on large paper or board BRIGHT A short haired flat chisel shaped brush BRISTLE A hog hair brush used primarily in oil painting Continued on next page Al 7 Glossary Continued B Continued BRISTOL BOARD A drawing surface made of fine tough flexible cardboard available in several thicknesses and in a variety of surfaces BROADSIDE Also called BROADSHEET A large folded advertising piece BROCHURE A bound pamphlet BROKEN COLOR Two or more colors applied simultaneously to artwork without prior mixing or blending BROKEN OUT SECTION An auxiliary view used when a partial view of an internal feature is insufficient BROWNPRINT A photographic print or silverprint that produces a brown image BRUSHES A collection of bristles or hairs used to apply pigment and glues BULLET A symbol used to preface listed items BURNISH The application of pressure to secure paste ups shading sheets and lettering to artwork BURNISHER Also called BONE An instrument made of plastic wood glass metal sto
189. one or more copies of an original piece of work REPRODUCTION COPY Also called CAMERA READY COPY Copy ready in all respects for photomechanical reproduction REPRODUCTION PROOFS Also called REPROS Exceptionally clean sharp proofs on a highly coated paper used for reproduction REPROGRAPHICS The reproduction of images by copying machines and their methods and processes RESCALE To enlarge or reducein size or to change in shape without changing proportion to fit new space configurations RESEARCH FILE SeeMORGUE PICTURE MORGUE or CLIP ART RESOLUTION Clarity focus or density RETOUCH To delete unwanted image areas or make repairs to copy by painting out with an opaque solution RETOUCH GRAYS A series of opaque watercolors ranging from white to black Continued on next page Al 51 Glossary Continued R Continued RETOUCHING The alteration of detail or removal of spots and blemishes in a photographic print or negative RETOUCH VARNISH A light colorless varnish sprayed on a dull dried out area or an unfinished oil painting to restore the wet colors or values making it easier to mate with new paint REVERSE SeeFLOP To turn over REVERSAL SeREVERSE PRINT REVERSE PRINT A print where the black values of the originals are white REVISION BLOCK Space located in the upper right comer of a drawing to record any changes to the original drawing REVOLVED SE
190. onfigurations Continued on next page 4 35 Cameras Continued Light temperature Reflectors Lamp replacement Light temperature becomes critical when reproducing color images and an imbalance light source will skew tonal values in black and white reproduction The most common lamps in Navy Graphics shops are the tungsten lamp fluorescent lamp and quartz iodine lamp variations TUNGSTEN LAMPS Tungsten lamps are excellent for use in black and white reproduction Tungsten lamps are available as 3200 degrees Kelvin K and 3400 degrees Kelvin Lamps rated 3400 degrees K are used less because they have a short life of 4 to 6 hours FLUORESCENT LAMPS Use fluorescent lamps when the original has a textured or uneven surface and little reduction or enlargement Even illumination of a smooth surfaced original is difficult to obtain When you use fluorescent lamps arrange the tubes in a square pattern parallel to the edges of the copyboard QUARTZIODINE LAMPS Quartz iodine lamps produce a very intense light particularly suited to general copy work They maintain a fairly constant color temperature throughout their life Reflectors evenly distribute light over the surface of an original eliminating hot spots Reflectors also funnel more light toward the original that shortens exposure times Certain types of lights have built in reflectors When you use a lamp with a built in reflector also use a lens hood to shade the lens
191. ons for front and rear screen projection Continued FRONT PROJECTION Figure 5 14 Equipment positions Continued on next page 5 32 Briefing Theater Continued Seating Lectern Projection area Often the seating type and arrangement already existed before you arrived at the command Carefully assess the seating in the briefing theater The audience should be no closer to the screen than twice the screen width and no farther from the screen than eight times the screen width All seats should be within the purview of the angle of projection for the screen in the briefing theater Seats should be comfortable without being plush Seats should face forward except in a briefing theater where the flag staff or dignitary seating should have the ability to rotate Place the lectern in front of and to one side of the screen The lectern should not interfere with the audience view of the screen If the speaker uses any lecture aids such as an easel or marker board place them on the opposite side of the room angled toward the audience and not obstructing the audience s view of the screen The area used to setup the projection devices is the projection area Restrict free movement through this area to minimize trip hazards and possible damage to the machines and machine connections In some commands this projection area is an enclosed booth in others it is no more than a mobile rack in the back of a room or a projector on th
192. or preparing the surface of a photograph to accept retouching GALLEY PROOF A rough proof of type made for proofreading submitted before pages are made up GANG RUN Several different jobs printed simultaneously on a large press in the same colors on one sheet to save time and reduce costs Continued on next page Al 27 Glossary Continued G Continued GANG SHOOTING Photographing several pages of original copy at the same time GELATIN A pure glue made from animal or vegetable matter GENERATION A single step in a reproduction process GIGABYTE Approximately one billion bytes of information a kilobyte to the third power 1 024 x 1 024 x 1 024 GLAZE An application of a transparent color or value over another color or value GLOSSY PRINT A print having a shiny finish which does not readily absorb inks or paints GLYCERIN A heavy oil colorless and odorless used in the preparation of watercolor pigment GOLDENROD Paper or plastic mask material used to support negatives in making press plates GOTHIC An alphabet or typeface characterized by strokes of equal or almost equal thickness usually without serifs GOUACHE An opaque watercolor GRADED WASH A wash that blends a light tone to a dark tone or vice versa GRADUATED FILL To fill with color shade or pattern that variegates from dark to light or vice versa GRAPHIC ARTS A form of art specializing in work prepare
193. ordering the item through supply It is against Navy regulations to create or print in quantity items available through the system This instruction introduces a precious metal metal recovery program that is becoming increasingly important in the work space Some of the products we use as DMs contain particles of predous metals or substances that are recoverable Photographic films pastes and paints are but a few of the products that contain or produce effluent containing recoverable particulate which could represent a savings or credit to the Navy This Department of Defense Directive provides guidance and establishes policy and responsibility on the alteration of DoD imagery It defines acceptable alterations using photographic techniques video imagery cropping editting enlarging animation digital simulation graphics special effects digital conversion or compression and post production enhancement Continued on next page 1 15 Regulations Continued OPNAVINST 5290 1 Naval Imaging Program NAVIMP Policy and Responsibilities The purpose of the OPNAVINST 5290 1 Naval Imaging program NAVIMP Policy and Responsibilities is to establish a centralized visual imagery activity to supply the regional fleet with audiovisual products This centralized shop would function more economically than a cluster of independent shops and assume accountability and responsibility for all audiovisual and visual information products
194. ory which slows program execution To modify or create in the bit mapped mode is to work at the pixel level which can be time consuming and tedious Continued on next page 3 33 Graphics Programs Continued Vector mapped Vector mapped software is ideal for drawings charts graphs and diagrams software programs Graphics software features It creates an image by defining line position shape and fill pattern You plot or vector a series of points to define a shape This shape is calculated into a mathematical formula called an algorithm mage manipulation and editing is automatically calculated by the computer when you change parameters making modifications easy and fast The use of a vector based program requires preplanning and more computer savvy than a bit mapped program Drafting drawing and painting are distinctly different functions and not all programs will be equally adept at processing all three Base your choice of program on command requirements Also let your software drive your hardware Select a software program that fulfills the needs of the command and allows for some growth Purchase hardware based on software requirements Invest in the very best monitor possible All of this affects the graphics resolution the ease of processing and the end product In general graphics software programs offer the following features FILL Fill is a command to fill a shape with color or pattern Make sure the shape
195. our ADPSO and make sure your workstation complies with Navy and command regulations for the protection of dassified material The three levels of data processed electronically are Level Level I1 and Level III If your command processes Level and or Level data it must provide a specific degree of protection The following table defines the three levels of data Classified Confidential Secret and Top Secret Level II Unclassified requires special protection such as For Official Use Only and data covered by the Privacy Act of 1974 Level III Unclassified Continued on next page 3 39 Security Continued Level Level data classified handling requirements and procedures are similar to those for handling hard copy classified material You are responsible for safeguarding this information at all times Within Level the four modes of secure electronic processing of classified data are the system high the dedicated the multilevel and the controlled mode The following table specifically defines the four security modes System high Dedicated Multilevel Controlled Definition All computers on the network and connected peripherals protect data according to the requirements for the highest classification category and type of material contained in the system This requires a security clearance but not necessarily a need to know for all material in the system Specific users or a group of u
196. ously sized and shaped openings used to protect the surrounding area of a drawing while erasing in an adjacent area ESSENTIAL AREA The part of a picture that contains all of the title or lettering intended for viewer consumption and often corresponding with the safe title area EQUALATERAL Equal angles and equal sides EXPLODED VIEW A pictorial view of a device in a state of disassembly showing the appearance and interrelationship of parts EXPOSURE INDE X The degree of light sensitivity of film EXPORT Thetransfer of files to another software application EXTENSION BAR A leg extension toa standard compass which expands the diameter of a circle that the compass is able to draw EXTENSION LINE A line used to indicate the extent of a dimension EYE LEVEL Also called HORIZON LINE The horizontal plane at the artist s eye level to which that person relates linear perspective Continued on next page Al 23 Glossary Continued F FACE Also called TYPEFACE A style of type FADE IN To bring an image from a pale version into full contrast gradually FADE OUT To bring an image from a full contrast of darks and lights toa pale version gradually FEATHER A bleeding effect where small featherlike indications surround the characters FEATURE A cartoon panel or strip appearing regularly in a publication FELT NIB PEN A drawing pen with a felt nib or tip that ink soaks through from a res
197. p and down to minimize motion during drawing Figure 2 29 shows bow instruments ROTATING PIN FOR CIRCLES LESS THAN 1 4 DIA BOW PENCIL BOWDIVIDER DROP BOW PEN Figure 2 29 Bow instruments Keep bow instruments dean and free of debris Do not store dirty pen nibs Wipe bow instruments with a light oil cloth and store them in the case when they are not in use Continued on next page 2 27 Special Cased Instruments Continued Ruling pens Ruling pens have a nib adjustment that is either the spring type or the hinged blade type The three types of ruling pens you will see in Navy shops are the detail pen the contour pen and the railroad pen Figure 2 30 illustrates the differences between the two types of nibs adjustments Figure 2 30 Nib types DETAIL PEN The detail pen is sometimes called the swede pen It has broad nibs to handle a greater ink capacity It can also handle a heavier bodied ink Figure 2 31 shows a swede pen with typically broad nibs Figure 2 31 Detail or swede pen Continued on next page 2 28 Special Cased Instruments Continued Ruling pens Continued CONTOUR PEN A contour pen lends itself to freehand curvilinear lines The pen nib swivels on a shaft inside a hollow handle It draws sharp precise lines and the line width is adjustable Figure 2 32 shows a contour pen Figure 2 32 A contour pen with rotating handle RAILROAD
198. parent piece of crystal or optical glass having two plane surfaces which are not parallel that separate white light into the visible colors of the spectrum PROCESS COLOR REPRODUCTION A combination of halftone plates usually red yellow blue and black which when printed in perfect register combine to produce a full color reproduction PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT The people responsible for purchasing and maintaining schedules on printing typography engravings bindings paper and sometimes the purchase of art for an organization PROGRESSIVE PROOFS Proofs showing the order of printing and shade of ink for each required plate PROGRESSIVE DISCLOSURE Systematically revealing information on a partially obscured visual PROJ ECTION Theact or art of projecting lines and planes in orthographic and perspective drawings PROJ ECTOR A device containing a light and lenses for projecting an image onto another surface PROJ ECTURAL 1 An image projected onto another surface 2 The image so projected PROOF A printed impression from a negative a plate or a body of type submitted for examination or correction Continued on next page Al 48 Glossary Continued P Continued PROOFREADER S MARKS Standard marks placed in the margin nearest the word that indicate corrections in typeset copy PROPORTION The relation to size of one part or thing to another or one portion of something to the whole
199. polyvinyl acetate or acrylic resin as a binder used as either a transparent or opaque medium POLYGON Common geometric constructions PORTRAITURE The process or art of depicting an individual by drawing painting or photographing from life PORTIUY To delineate or depict POSTER A large cardboard or paper display sign POSTER BOARD A medium weight cardboard suitable for show cards POSTER COLOR An opaque watercolor used for making show cards POSTERIZATION A technique for adding poster like qualities to a photograph a film or an illustration by separating the normal tones of a subject into distinctly separated strong tones POUNCE A powdered substance that improves the ink absorbing qualities of tracing cloths and papers PRELIMINARY DRAWINGS Drawings done in preparation for a finished piece of art PRE PRESS The preparatory stage of art or copy immediately before committing the image to a plate PRIMARY COLORS The red yellow and blue in a subtractive process and the red yellow and green in the additive process of color theory PRINT An image made from a master negative or plate Continued on next page Al 47 Glossary Continued P Continued PRINTING A process for reproducing copy PRINTING PLATE Also called CUT A flat piece of metal used on a printing press that contains the image either engraved or etched photographically on the surface PRISM A trans
200. probably already set up before you arrived or tapped into it It takes network software communications software and interfacing software to make a LAN network work correctly Also each workstation must have a network interface card NIC Wide area networks cover a larger geographical area than a LAN system Examples of a WAN would include the Internet Bulletin Board Services BBS electronic mail E Mail and the world wide web WWW You may or may not have the opportunity to access any of these networks from your workstation in the graphics shop 3 38 Security Introduction Automated data processing security officer ADPSO Security DMs often work on classified or sensitive data Graphics and text created electronically and stored on disks require protection The procedures for protecting and marking disks disk drives and workstations differ slightly from what you are familiar with for hard copy data Security procedures for electronic data is found in the Department of the Navy ADP Security Manual OPNAVINST 5239 1 Your command will have an automated data processing security officer ADPSO that reports to the commanding officer concerning the protection of electronically generated data The ADPSO is responsible for the physical security of each computer workstation The protection of each workstation involves physical security physical access control data file protection and natural disaster protection Seek out y
201. protect feature to prevent the user from acd dentally recording over existing data New disks are blank therefore you must initially format every disk you use in your computer The diskettes used with a floppy disk drive come in two sizes 5 1 4 and 3 inch The following table explains other diskette features Meaning Single sided Records on one side only Single density 256 byte capacity per sector Double sided Records on both sides of disk Double density 512 byte capacity per sector Quad density 1 024 byte capacity per sector Continued on next page Edit Devices Continued Floppy disks Continued Figure 3 7 shows floppy disks and their nomendature 3 1 2 inch 5 1 4 inch JACKET WINDOW or HEAD SLOT EXPOSED DISK BEGIN SECTOR j f HOLE in disk d TRACKS SECTOR SIGHT HOLE in jacket WRITE PROTECT NOTCH Figure 3 7 Floppy disk nomenclature Continued on next page 3 16 Edit Devices Continued Hard disk drives Removable hard disk drives Hard disk drives are generally part of the system unit These sealed units are inside the unit as stacks or tiers of rigid metal platters that are not removable Some of the advantages of hard disk drives are their increased speed of execution and memory capacity Hard disk storage capacities range from 50 MB to2 GB Also there is no need for you to open close file or find a diskette manually and no init
202. pt for the 16 scale which stands alone This gives the DM eleven scales with which to measure The triangular scale is convenient for most drawings Some triangular scales have scale dips to identify the scale in use Scale dips also ensure that the correct side of the scale is against the drawing surface Large paper binder clips are a suitable substitute for scale clips Continued on next page 2 47 Scales Continued Triangular Figure 2 56 shows six scale faces on one rule scales Continued OMNPOOSS Figure 2 56 A triangular scale has six faces Figure 2 57 shows a scale dip DMNPOOS6 Figure 2 57 Triangular scale with a scale clip Continued on next page 2 48 Scales Continued Two bevel Two bevel scales tend to be wide based The two scale faces are always scales visible Figure 2 58 shows a two bevel scale A Figure 2 58 Two bevel scale Opposite bevel There are two scale faces on an opposite bevel scale but only one scale face scale is visible at a time Because the sides of this scale are beveled it is easy for you to remove it from the drawing surface Figure 2 59 shows an opposite bevel scale n A Figure 2 59 Opposite bevel scale Four bevel There are four scale faces on one rule on a four bevel scale Both edges on scale both sides are beveled This type of scale is usually found as a small pocket scale particularly for machinists Figure 2 60 shows a four
203. r RETURN key it unnecessarily enters an undesirable hard return Save the current document periodically Do this more often than relying just on the timed backup feature This will lessen data loss should the system crash or freeze Another excellent work habit is to save all documents on working copy disks This saves memory space facilitates safeguarding and protection and should the computer develop a virus or lose data during power fluctuations the damages would be recoverable Although initially cumbersome these habits will prove well worth your effort to cultivate and maintain 3 31 Text Programs Introduction Word processing programs Word processing software features Nearly every microcomputer in the Navy has some sort of word processing program installed on it These programs make it easier for us to complete the myriad of administrative tasks demanded of us Toa DM they are invaluable at composing flawless text for subsequent reproduction Word processing programs allow you to create documents with extensive editing features that a typewriter even a high end electronic typewriter does not allow These editing features are what distinguishes one word processing program from another Regardless of manufacturer and because there are so many word processing programs used in Navy Graphics shops this segment covers only the features common to the majority of programs Word processing programs simplify the creati
204. r dimly lit auditoriums and difficult to handle in daylight situations SLOW FILM Slow film requires more light or longer exposure times to record an image Slow films such as ISO 25 have very fine grain that remains fine even in enlargements These films are ideal for a controlled studio atmosphere Sometimes a photo lab is not available to produce duplicates of slides or transparencies The DM is able to duplicate slides using a slide duplicator that attaches to the front of a camera body much as a lens does The duplication process allows the DM an opportunity to correct minor exposure errors and perform limited cropping of the original slide The light meter in the camera can meter exposure Transparencies placed on a light table or the illuminated copyboard of a process camera can be re photographed with a 35mm camera and slide film Summary Review Comment This chapter covers general safety precautions for and maintenance procedures of the basic equipment used to produce a first generation copy from an original Equipment and procedures are intentionally generic for copiers diazo machines phototypesetters lettering machines and cameras since different equipment is in every Navy shop Familiarize yourself with the equipment in your shop It is not important that you learn brand name equipment only that you understand the theory behind the process on which your equipment operates have always found that a solid foundatio
205. r intensity of color SCALE 1 Proportions or relative dimensions 2 To enlarge or reduce without changing the original proportions SCALE CLIP A dip attached toa scale that focuses on the scale currently in use SCALE DRAWING A drawing that shows relative sizes and proportions SCALING Also called DIMENSIONING or SIZING Enlarging or reducing copy or an image to the correct dimensions to occupy a given area SCANNING AREA The total area or picture that the camera sees SCRAP FILE SeeRESEARCH FILE SCRATCHBOARD A type of illustration board with a chalky surface uniformly covered with ink Continued on next page Al 53 Glossary Continued S Continued SCREEN A glass plate or film with crosshatched lines which photographically produces a halftone for reproduction from a continuous tone original SCREEN PROCESS PRINTING Also called SILKSCREEN A form of stencil printing that uses silk nylon or metal screen to contain the image SCREEN REFRESH A continuous update of computations that create the image on a computer screen SCRIPT 1 Lettering based on hand writing 2 A paper or papers which describe in detail all of the elements of a commerdal or story SCROLL A rapid up or down movement of a computer screen image during a search function SECONDARY COLORS The colors orange green and violet that lie halfway between the three primary colors SECTION LINE Thin dia
206. r or a newsletter for the crew It reiterates policy found Leelee res in the Reprographics Management Program and the oint Committee on the Navy Printing J CP No 26 There is a list of references and authorized Navy Publications printing plants in the back of the regulation and Printing Regulations NAVPUBINST This is an instruction on completing the J CP Forms 1 5 and 6 These are 5603 10 annual reporting requirements that if inaccurate or incorrectly filled in may Preparation cost your shop in terms of billets and funding and Submission of J CP Forms Figure 1 4 shows Forms 1 2 5 and 6 Forms 1 and 5 are the most baa shee for important forms for your shop if the shop does any reproduction Figure 1 6 J CP forms Continued on next page 1 14 Regulations Continued NAVPUBINST P 2002 Navy Stocklist of Publications and Forms NAVSEAINST 4570 3 Precious Metals Recovery Program PMRP OPNAVNOTE 5290 Alteration of Official DOD Imagery The Navy Stocklist of Publications and Forms lists standard Navy forms signs and labels available through the government supply system It provides ordering information such as the stock number unit of issue and a brief description Use this publication to order standard stock items instead of producing them in your shop If an originator requests standard stock items or items with a stock number refer them to supply with the appropriate information for
207. ras are aperture priority cameras where the operator sets the shutter speed and the camera sets the aperture opening Shutter priority is when the operator sets the shutter speed and the camera selects the aperture Little figuring is done by the operator in either case Continued on next page 4 33 Cameras Continued Camera Figure 4 14 shows a basic process camera with the primary components components identified Continued ADJUSTMENTS MAJOR COMPONENTS FILM PLANE LENS PLANE Figure 4 14 Process camera nomenclature Continued on next page 4 34 Cameras Continued Lighting Types of lights You can use almost any type of light for copy work provided the intensity of the light is sufficient to prevent excessively long exposures Another principal requirement of the light source is that it produces a light with a color temperature suitable for the type of film used Use normal room light to focus the image on the focal plane Use copy lights on high to expose the film Lights maybe part of the camera as are lamp housing units and lights in the copyboard or they may be separate units Lighted copyboards illuminate copy from underneath This allows greater control of negative density It is also superior for backlighting film positives and transparencies Figure 4 15 shows different light configurations A COPYBOARD ILLUMINATION QUARTZ IODINE LAMPS ARC LAMP Figure 4 15 Light c
208. raster images READ To access electronically stored data REAR PROJ ECTION SCREEN A matte surface translucent screen used when projecting an image from behind to a screen REBOOT Restart the computer system RECEDING COLORS Colors that appear to move away or create the illusion of distance RECTANGULAR COORDINATE GRAPH A graph based on a grid system where values are plotted by X and Y coordinates REFERENCE NUMBERS Numbers used on one drawing to refer to another drawing for further details REFERENCE PLANE Thenormal plane used to reference all information REGISTER Toalign a page or any elements of an image or impression to match the position of successive impressions REGISTER MARKS Marks used to key an overlay to a drawing or mechanical as in color separation or combination plates REMOVED SECTION A drawing of the internal cross section of an object located near the basic drawing of the object Continued on next page Al 50 Glossary Continued R Continued RENDER Torepresent portray or depict in a drawing or painting RENDERING A drawing or painting in which tonal values vary from white through black or from light to dark shades REPRODUCIBILITY The ability of line and halftone copy to reproduce as acceptable and legible REPRODUCIBLE ART Second generation art made from the original art and mortised or pasted onto the reproduction page REPRODUCTION Making
209. rawing aid follow this table Sketch light freehand lines of the desired curve Divide the line along its length with a series of points 3 Select a section of curve that corresponds to at least three consecutive points 4 Draw curve from point A to point B stopping short of point C 5 Move curve to next segment 6 Extend line as before continuing until the line is complete Figure 2 49 illustrates using a french curve Figure 2 49 Using a french curve to draw a curved line through plotted points Continued on next page 2 41 Drawing Aids Continued Protractors To measure and lay off angles from the horizontal without triangles use a protractor A protractor maybe circular or semicircular Circular protractors are labeled in quadrants from 0 to 90 degrees or double numbered from 0 to 360 degrees Semicircular protractors are double numbered from 0 to 180 degrees Graduations in one half degree increments allow accurate angle protraction Figure 2 50 shows a circular and semidrcular protractor CIRCULAR SEMI CIRCULAR DMINPOOKS Figure 2 50 Protractors Continued on next page 2 42 Drawing Aids Continued Protractors Continued To use a protractor for laying off or measuring angles follow this table 1 Place the protractor along a straight line CA Place the O degree mark at the vertex of the desired angle Locate the desired angle b and its corresponding compliment d
210. rcuitry found on it wa l CO PROCESSOR A CPU Figure 3 6 The motherboard Continued on next page 3 14 Edit Devices Continued Disk drives Floppy disk drive Floppy disks Also inside the system unit there is the disk drive or a combination of disk drives A disk drive provides direct access to data on a disk for electronic storage and retrieval The two basic types of disk drives are the floppy disk and the hard disk drive Hard disk drives can be removable as a precautionary measure of protection for the data stored on the drive Floppy disk drives play and record on floppy diskettes There are openings on the face of the system unit for the insertion of a floppy disk Inside the disk drive are electronic heads that read and write Single sided disk drives read write on one side of the disk Double sided disk drives have read write heads on both sides The electronic heads in each floppy disk drive read write slower than those of a hard disk drive Floppy disks are round flexible platters covered with magnetic oxide and encased in a sturdier plastic envelope The envelope is lined with a soft material that continuously cleans the disks as it spins inside the envelope The diskette has a hole in the middle called a center hub Also on the envelope there is a recording window that allows the read write heads access to the disk surface Disks have a notch in the upper right hand comer which is a write
211. re are many types and styles of chairs in the supply system through Government Supply Agency GSA contract You will spend a great deal of time in this chair at the drafting table so make sure it is comfortable It should be adjustable in height and tilt Whether it has arms or rollers is a personal preference Natural lighting is the best type for drawing however it is not always available Overhead lighting is usually the fluorescent type and not bright enough for drafting work You need additional lighting attached to the tabletop to alleviate shadows and glare These desk lights are available in many styles induding a ring light around a magnifier for doseup work Attach a desk light for a right handed draftsman to the upper left corner of the table For a left handed DM attach the desk light to the upper right comer of the table Minimize shadows cast by the hand for they distract and distort visual perception Continued on next page 2 8 Furniture Continued Waxers Waxers are machines that heat an adhesive wax substance to a liquid form and apply it in a thin layer The two types of waxers are hand waxers and tabletop waxers A hand waxer waxes a 2 inch wide strip and a tabletop waxer waxes a full sheet of paper To use a hand waxer follow this table Look at sight glass on the side of waxer Lift top cap to replace wax brick if low on wax 4 Wait 20 minutes or until wax flows easily from the roller CAUTION Never o
212. re controlling and safeguarding at all times This includes the disks diskettes disk drives monitors printer ribbons and generated hard copy In general the two types of electronic media are working copy media and finished media WORKING COPY MEDIA Working copy media is temporary information It stays within the confines and control of your activity After creating a working copy retain it for 180 days before destruction Examples of working copy media are information used and updated at frequent intervals FINISHED MEDIA Finished media is permanent information It can be released to other commands and activities Finished media contains information that does not change or is pertinent for more than 180 days Date and mark dassified electronic media when it is created Control electronic media in the same manner prescribed for classified material Protect working copy media according to the highest Classification ever recorded on the media For media dassified Top Secret or Secret maintain a master list induding the overall security classification and the identification number permanently assigned to the disk Continued on next page Security Continued Disk security markings Display screen security markings Hard copy security markings Media disposition Equipment inventory To avoid confusion set aside groups of disks for recording classified data at each security level Mark each disk or diskette with a stick
213. rush Z Refer to the owner s manual for specific maintenance periodicities With most typesetting equipment it is possible to adjust type size type font line length letter density word line and lettering spacing type position and leading Some typesetters are further divided by their ability to produce display type or body type Direct keyboard magnetic storage on tape or disk and a retrieval system through optical character recognition OCR are available on newer machines Refer to your owner s manual for the full range of operator adjustments Continued on next page 4 17 Phototypesetters Continued Typesetter generations Third generation typesetters Electromechan ical typesetters Theterm generation classifies significant advancements in phototypesetter technology The first generation phototypesetters closely resembled machines used to cast hot type Second generation phototypesetters set type by photographic projection through a font Third generation machines reproduce letters on the face of a cathode ray tube CRT and fourth generation equipment uses raster scan technology and fiber optics Third generation phototypesetters still exist in Navy Graphics shops Third generation phototypesetters use cathode ray tube technology There are two basic categories of CRT typesetters The first category electromechanical typesetters scans a photographic master stored on grids and strikes an image onto the face
214. s ACTIVATOR STABILIZER STABILIZATION PROCESS Pree D WASH gt PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESS OMNPOOO Figure 4 8 Two basic types of phototypesetting processes Continued on next page 4 20 Phototypesetters Continued Chemistry exhaustion Typical work flow Change the chemistry in the processor often to keep developed images crisp and dense As the chemistry oxidizes or expires images become weak thin and grey Streaked images also indicate a need to replenish the processor with fresh chemistry Your initial interface with the typesetter is at the keyboard where all parameters are coded into the machine and the stroking of the image begins This keyboard connects to the processor sometimes through a memory storage system and the processor develops the image Carefully proofread all data Assemble the text with the artwork and conduct a final proofreading shows a typical work flow pattern for a job that requires typesetting ST a ml RAW COFY DAMPOIOO Figure 4 9 The phototypesetting process 4 21 Pressure Process Lettering Machines Introduction Manual machines carbon image A pressure process lettering device impresses letter fonts against a tape of paper or acetate film transferring a carbon image of a letter or symbol and with some machines actually cutting the letter or symbol into the tape This paper or acetate film is stripped into place on artwork or a pa
215. s and strategically place them throughout the briefing theater VCRs require the addition of a television monitor and occasional jams will badly damage a tape Most adjustment points of a VCR are self explanatory There is a cassette port an on off switch a forward fast forward button a rewind reverse button a record button a playback button a pause button a stop eject button a speed control switch and a tracking dial The two adjustments you may not be familiar with are the speed control switch and the tracking dial SPEED CONTROL SWITCH This switch allows the operator to switch from standard tape advance speed SP to long standard advance speed LSP Switching from SP to LSP increases the amount of recording time on a tape TRACK DIAL An incorrectly tracking tape will chatter appear out of synchronization or show distinct horizontal frame lines on the monitor Adjust the track of the tape by moving the dial until the projected image is steady When you use a VCR make sure the tape is correctly inserted into the cassette port Take care not to rerecord inadvertently over a recorded tape To make sure a tape is not able to record break the small plastic tab on the tape cartridge and discard the tab Occasionally clean the tape heads with a tape head cleaning tape Continued on next page 5 17 Projection Devices Continued Video projectors Nomenclature Use Monitors Nomenclature Use Video projec
216. s much color as possible use water for water based paints and Z use thinner or mineral spirits for oil based paints Wet brush in lukewarm water Lather palm of hand with mild face soap Stroke brush back and forth in hand Rinse thoroughly in clean water Shake excess water from bristles Shape bristles gently into original shape Store brushes with bristles up 2 60 Pencils Introduction Drawing pencils General care Lead hardness A pencil is the most readily available tool for expressing ideas from mind to paper Limited only by imagination use a pencil to draw the infrastructure of a drawing or as the finish medium Some artists specialize in the pencil and its many variations as a form of expression For general drawing sketching and layout use a drawing pencil Drawing pencils have a wood casing around a core of graphite or composite The composition of the core called a lead and the hardness of the lead determine the grade or rating of a pendil Take care not to drop a pencil or rap it against a surface This will break the lead internally and drastically shorten the life of the pendl Keep a drawing pencil sharpened by using a sandpaper sharpener a draftsman s pencil sharpener or a standard office sharpener Pend leads are available in 17 grades from 6B which is the softest to 6H the hardest Soft leads are 6B to 2B and have a thick diameter core Soft leads are best used in freeha
217. s prevent the enlargement of a hole when concentric cirdes and arcs are drawn They are usually very small with a transparent center and three needlepoint legs for holding a position on the drawing surface Position the center disk carefully on the drawing surface place the compass needle inside the center of the disk and rotate the compass to draw concentric drcles Figure 2 37 shows an enlargement of a center disk e G Ze LEGS Figure 2 37 A center disk 2 31 Pens Introduction Pens and pen nibs are used throughout Navy drafting shops The proper care and correct use can prolong the life of a pen nib Pen nibs are made by many different manufacturers in an endless variety of styles Pen nibs Pen nibs are detachable from a handle or drawing instrument They maybe uniform in shape producing a line of equal width regardless of direction of the stroke or they maybe irregularly shaped to produce a line of unequal width depending on the direction of the stroke There are pen nibs used exclusively for lettering and nibs used for drawing Before you use a pen nib moisten it slightly to remove the manufacturer s protective oil To fill a pen nib supply ink by dropper or brush to extend 3 16 inch up the nib blade Figure 2 38 shows five different lettering nibs Notice how changing the direction of the stroke can change the width and character of the line B ac ADAS LERU C uD an SPLIT mapear Figure 2 38 Common n
218. s provide the following options ONE SIDED One side of the master copies to one side of a page ONE to TWO SIDED A one sided master copied to two sides of a page TWO SIDED to TWO SIDED A two sided master copied to two sides of a page COLLATE Combines pages of different information SORT Sorts pages into like information STAPLE A staple placed in either the upper left hand comer or the left side of the document LIGHT DARK An increase or decrease in the contrast of the image REDUCE Reduction of the image either in stepped increments or variable increments ENLARGE Enlargement of an image either in stepped increments or variable increments ELONGATE Stretching an image to appear panoramic with some horizontal distortion Figure 4 1 shows typical copier option icons PIE plecm ONESIDE TWOSDE BOOK REDUCE ENLARGE OMNPO082 Figure 4 1 Sample copier symbols Continued on next page 47 Copiers Continued Copier useand Copiers sometimes confuse instructions programmed into them by an operator checks Should a copier jam or continually malfunction call a key operator Key operators are command designated personnel that have formal training in copier repair adjustment To use a standard copier follow this table se esd 4 Raise copier cover and inspect the glass for dirt scratches and smudges 5 Inspect readout LEDs for copier status if jammed open door inspect and clear p
219. s the equation method of indicating scale F eet are followed by a single apostrophe and inches are shown with a double apostrophe Continued on next page 2 54 Scale Continued Indicating scale GRAPHIC METHOD An actual scale is drawn in the graphic method of Continued showing the scale on a drawing This is done on maps The primary scaleis to the right of the 0 and a subdivided scale is to the left of the 0 Figure 2 65jillustrates the three ways of indicating scale on a drawing FRACTIONAL METHOD 3 STATUATE ML 1000 1000 2000 3000 4000 METERS Figure 2 65 Indicating scale 2 55 Brushes Introduction General purpose brushes It is important to have good quality brushes in the shop We will cover two types of brushes which are general purpose brushes and paint brushes Keep shop brushes clean and free of abrasive particles that may scratch surfaces when you use them Use the brush for its intended purpose Do not whisk your drafting table with a brush just used to pickup dirt from the deck during field day DRAFTSMAN S BRUSHES Draftsman s brushes dean away dust and debris from working surfaces They should not be overly abrasive as you will be whisking this brush over work in progress CAMEL HAIR BRUSHES Camel haired brushes clean mirrored surfaces camera lenses and keyboards They should be of a high quality soft bristle to prevent scratching optical surfaces PASTE BRUSHES Us
220. s to save disk and memory space or to facilitate faxing COMPUTER GRAPHICS Artwork created by the use of a computer CONSTRUCTION The drawing of objects so that they appear solid or three dimensional CONSTRUCTION LINES Lightly drawn lines used in the preliminary layout of a drawing CONTACT SCREEN A screen placed in direct contact with the film or plate to obtain a halftone pattern from a continuous tone original CONTINUOUS TONE ART Artwork created using any medium that does not use a halftone process to represent tone Continued on next page Al 15 Glossary Continued C Continued CONTOUR PEN Adjustable pen nibs on a rotatable shaft used for drawing curvilinear lines CONTRAST The range of tonal differences COOL COLOR Colors that appear to project cooler temperatures COOLED COLOR A color resulting from the addition of a cool color toa warmer color COPY Any matter including photographs rules designs and text used for producing printed matter COPYBOARD A table or frame that holds original copy during a photographic exposure COPYFIT Scaling copy tofit into an allotted space COPYRIGHT Exclusive protection of ownership given to a creator of an original work COQUILLE BOARD A drawing board that comes in a variety of roughened surfaces that break up crayon or brush strokes into texture more suitable for line reproduction COURSEWARE All materials perta
221. s up a vertically divided page 2 A vertical section of a table COMBINATION PLATE A press plate that combines both halftones and line work COMIC STRIP A series of drawings in panel format portraying the adventures of characters humorous or otherwise usually published in newspapers COMMERCIAL ART Artwork of any kind prepared for commercial advertising and general promotion COMPACT DISK Also called CD A small disk of electronic files encased in a plastic casing COMPASS An instrument for drawing cirdes and arcs COMPUTER DISPLAY MONITOR An output device that allows the computer operator to see an image of electronic media on a cathode ray screen similar to a television monitor Continued on next page Al 14 Glossary Continued C Continued COMPUTER PLATFORM The use of a particular brand of computer to develop software programs spedfically for that brand COMPLEMENTARY COLORS Any two opposing hues on a color wheel COMPOSITE Comprised of two or more parts COMPOSITION The arrangement of forms colors lines and other pictorial units COMPOSITOR A machine that converts electronic data into an acceptable format for a printer COMPREHENSIVE A layout of art or type either in black and white or color COMPREHENSIVE SKETCH A finished layout that defines all of the elements such as type illustration and spacing COMPRESSED FILES Compacting computer generated file
222. sers with a security clearance and a need to know for the processing of a particular type of classified material exclusively use and control all of the computers and peripherals on a system Various types and categories of classified material stored and processed concurrently in a computer system that permits selective access to material by uncleared users and users with differing security clearances and need to know This is a function of the operating system and associated system software A computer system in which at least some users with access to the system have neither a security clearance nor a need to know for all classified material in the system Continued on next page Security Continued Level II Level III Electronic media Security controls Level II data is unclassified data that requires spedal protection Examples are data For Official Use Only and data covered by The Privacy Act of 1974 To assure protection for processing Level II data the Navy established the limited automated information system access security mode A system or network operating in the limited access security mode restricts the access to data only to individuals who by their job function have a need to access the data Level III does not require the safeguards of Level or Level II data It does however require proper handling to make sure that data is not lost or destroyed The computer system and its associated peripherals requi
223. sition F STOP Settings on the lens diaphragm of a camera lens that measure the amount of light allowed to reach the film F 16 RULE Setting the camera for an f stop of f 16 and the shutter speed dose to the ASA ISO rating of the film FRAME A single unit in a storyboard a cartoon feature or a film strip Continued on next page Al 26 Glossary Continued F Continued FRAME GRABBER Also called VIDEO CAPTURE A device that isolates one frame of a video image and inputs this frame into a computer FREEHAND DRAWING Drawing without the use of mechanical aids FRENCH CURVES Instruments used to draw smooth irregular curves FRESCO Painting on freshly spread moist plaster with pigments FRESNEL LENS A intense prismatic lens of concentric divisions which concentrate and focus light through a transparent image onto a mirror and to a screen in an overhead projector FRISKET A covering placed over part of a drawing or photograph to protect that section while working on the rest of the artwork FRONTISPIECE An illustration preceding and usually facing the title page of a book FULL COLOR PAINTING A painting in which the three primary colors or some variation of them is evident FULL MEASURE The entire width of a line of type flush with both margins measured in picas FULL SECTION A sectional view that passes entirely through the object FULLER S EARTH A fine white powder used f
224. six principal views OSCILLATING AIRBRUSH An airbrush with a reciprocating needle used for fine detailed work Continued on next page Al 41 Glossary Continued O Continued OUTPUT The end product generated by an electronic device such as a computer printer or copier OUTPUT DEVICE An electronic accessory to a computer system that provides some type of end product either visually or as a hard copy OUTLINE The outside edge of a shape or form OUTLINE DRAWING A drawing where lines define the outer limits of the forms without the representation of modeling light or shadow OVERHEAD PROJ ECTION A projector that uses of a system of mirrors and a fresnel lens to project a transparent image or object to another surface or screen OVERLAP To cover a part of one shape or line with another OVERLAY A transparent or translucent sheet taped over the original art for protection or to indicate instructions or corrections OVERPRINTING Printing an image over another impression OZALID MACHINE An ammonia process printmaking machine that produces the same size copy from transparent or translucent originals PAINTING KNIFE SeePALETTE KNIFE A type of palette knife made for applying paint toa picture PALETTE 1 The surface on which the artist places paint and mixes colors before applying them to canvas or other painting surface 2 A group of colors or gray values chosen for use in the
225. sk DISPLAY LETTERING Any large prominent lettering used to attract attention DISPLAYS A collection of objects and images arranged to tell a story DISPLAY TYPE Large type used for headings and titles DISSOLVE The fading of one scene as another replaces it DISSOLVE UNIT An electronic device that automatically pulses a slide projector to dissolve an image and replace it with another DISTORTION Changed or twisted out of natural shape DIVIDERS An instrument used for dividing lines into equal segments and transferring measurements DOMINANT Prominent or most important DOT MATRIX PRINTER A printer that uses a number of pins to form letters and numbers DOTS PER INCH Also called DPI A standard measurement for resolution in the computer graphics industry DOUBLE ACTION AIRBRUSH An airbrush that requires the user to push down a button to expel air through the brush and to pull back the button to release paint Continued on next page Al 20 Glossary Continued D Continued DRAFTING MACHINE A machine that combines the functions of a T square or straightedge a triangle aruler and a protractor DRAWING The representation of objects ideas or emotions on a flat surface using line tone or color DRAWING THROUGH Sketching in the structural lines of an object as if it were transparent DRIER A substance used to hasten the drying times of paint or ink DROP CARDS
226. sonnel SECNAVINST 5870 5 Permission to Copy Materials Subject to Copyright SECNAVINST 5600 20 Graphic Design Standards SECNAVINST 5603 2 Printed Matter for Official Ceremonies SECNAVINST 5290 1 Naval Imaging Program BUPERSINST The Nawy PerformanceE valuation EVAL and Counseling System provides 1610 10 Navy guidance for writing performance evaluations and counseling personnel It Performance identifies line items and appropriate entries for every category of an Evaluation evaluation This is an invaluable reference for writing your input to your eed oli evaluation or those of subordinates under your jurisdiction System Continued on next page 18 Regulations Continued DODINST 4000 19 Interservice Interdepart mental and Interagency Support J CP No 26 Government Printing and Binding Regulations S Pub 101 9 NAVPUBINST 5600 44 Reprographics Management Program This instruction specifically defines the support provided throughout the Department of Defense complex between services agendes and commands It also outlines reimbursable services and formalizes agreements by Memorandums of Agreement MOA Memorandums of Understanding MOU and Interservice Support Agreements ISA This publication outlines shop entitlement funding and allowance lists biannual inspections annual reporting obligations and the consequences of inaccurate reporting or the failure to report
227. ste up A number of manufacturers produce them with options that include keyboards memory storage letter distortion and color Manual pressure process lettering machines are simple in theory and use They consist of a basic machine with a print button cutter lever and letter disks or fonts To use a manual machine follow this table ES EN Insert disk or font into machine e fresa OO i e Avner an draw oe erer p tay oeae EECA orftnsige Continued on next page 4 22 Pressure Process Lettering Machines Continued Automatic Automatic pressure process lettering machines approach the sophistication of machines phototypesetters but they are less complicated to use These machines have carbon image a keyboard limited memory storage and a monitor screen to view the work in progress To use an automatic machine follow this table Se am O O e Pes ADVANGE puron o aiae ape ai eaen Ta Pes CLEAR 0 erse image fom seen admes O Co imom masos OOE Continued on next page 4 23 Pressure Process Lettering Machines Continued Manual machines cutout image Some pressure process lettering machines cut letters or symbols from paper and vinyl tape Each letter symbol is an individual font template The template is inserted into a channel with the cutting edge facing the tape A rotating drum applies sufficient amount of pressure to cut through the paper or vinyl as the tape and templ
228. stroke lettering used in comic strip balloons BAR CHART A graphic representation comparing numerical values by means of rectangles of equal width BASE ART Also called BASIC ART and BLACK ART See BLACK ART BEADED SCREEN A screen comprised of glass or plastic beads that reflect light from a projected image BEAM COMPASS A compass capable of drawing circles and arcs that exceed the limits of a standard compass BEND ALLOWANCE An additional amount of metal used in a bend in metal fabrication BENDAY Mechanical shading applied to artwork to give a variety of tones to line drawings Benday is named for its inventor Benjamin Day BELZIER CURVES A computer tool that draws precise curves with great accuracy BILL OF MATERIALS A list of standard parts or raw materials needed to fabricate an item Continued on next page Al 5 Glossary Continued B Continued BINDER An adhesive coagulate reducer or extender added to pigments to maintain consistency to promote adhesion and to facilitate application BISECT To divide into two equal parts BIT The smallest unit of electronic information a computer can handle BIT MAP Also called PIXEL MAP A matrix of dots or pixels BLACK ART Also called BASE ART Art used in making process plates for illustrations of two or more colors BLACK AND WHITE 1 Line art executed in a black and white medium only 2 Continuous tone art executed
229. sts available in a variety of sizes surfaces and weights IMAGE AREA An area that encompasses a printed drawn or photographed image and the light or dark background space around the image IMPORT The transfer of files from other software applications INDEFINITE BLENDING Adding paint or ink to a wet surface to promote indefinite effects INDIA INK Pigment made of lampblack and a binder suspended in water as a fluid ink INFINITY The farthest distance marking on a lens INFORMAL BALANCE Se BALANCE INK J ET PRINTER A high resolution printer that uses a minute jet spray of ink to create an image INPUT Text or parameters entered into a computor memory or saved on disk INPUT DEVICE SeeKEYBOARD or J OYSTICK An accessory used to provide text or commands into a computer or disk INSCRIBE D An object completely enclosed by another Continued on next page Al 31 Glossary Continued Continued INTAGLIO Printmaking from engraved or etched lines and surfaces INTENSITY The degree of strength saturation or purity of a color INTERFACE Interaction between accessories INTERMEDIATE A copy of an original on translucent or transparentized film paper or cloth which now becomes a master to make other copies IRREGULAR CURVES Curvilinear forms that do not contain arcs easily replicated by a compass or circle template ISOMETRIC PROJ ECTION A set of three or more views o
230. talling chips of a larger rated capacity Memory chips store bytes of information in kilobyte KB megabyte MB or gigabyte GB increments Word processing and graphics software require a great deal of memory so be sure to coordinate or upgrade the memory capacity of the computer when you select software packages Read Only Memory ROM is the memory required by the computer to read a disk ROM will remain in memory until it is removed This memory does not allow overwriting or modification Generally the operating system instructions of the computer arein ROM circuitry Continued on next page 3 13 Edit Devices Continued Math co The math co processor assists the CPU chip in performing mathematical processor functions In most computers this is a feature that is automatically built into the motherboard circuitry Expansion slots On the motherboard there are extra connections for enlarging the capabilities of the computer Features such as extra memory chips called single inline memory modules SIMMS a video graphic array VGA and network interface cards NICs plug into these expansion ports to expand computer versatility When you upgrade software or make additional software purchases you may have to enlarge the memory capacity of the computer Clock On the motherboard inside each computer there is a dock The clock coordinates and paces the functions of the computer Figure 3 6 shows the motherboard and the basic ci
231. ted papers COLOR PHASE CHANGE A color phase change uses Pantone certified colors in a wax medium Like continuous tone die sublimation this is a thermal transfer but it does not require specially coated paper Continued on next page 3 22 Output Devices Continued Printer control There are several buttons that control the functions of the printer To setup printer functions manually you must first put the printer in an Offline status The following list contains some of the more common buttons Printer control buttons pao Rein id COPY Reprints data previously stored in the printer buffer FORM FEED FF Advances the printer to the top of the form or next page LINE FEED LF Advances the paper one line at a time Selects print quality draft high density or letter quality ONLINE Turns the printer on and off line Offline a printer cannot receive data Online the operating system software controls the printer PITCH Selects the number of characters to print per inch 10 12 or 17 characters per inch RESET Clears all data from the print buffer SPACING Adjusts spacing of characters and words normal or proportional TOP OF FORM Advances the paper 1 1 2 inches and redefines the top of the form TYPESTYLE UP DOWN Critical or fine adjustments in the paper position Continued on next page 3 23 Output Devices Continued Printer indicator lights Indicator lights located
232. tely on a Financial Liability Investigation of Department of Property Loss DD Form 200 NSN 0102 LF 011 9100 the Navy Reporting of Missing Lost Stolen or Recovered PRIVACY ACT STATEMENT MLSR Aunoa 12000 128 Pani Cub aan Government Property Frere Continued a mamona sroce no T5 TEEM DESCRI wat cost a Totar cost pd RCA Color Trak Teteien Font 1 STO xx frost Sean cts discovered mining from barracks ET rooms 132 143 Er as a result at ecards Televi a a e epee minor Pans a prerai Rl persane cuecking out of barracks now required to have ther rooms ty a inventoried prior to checkout All televisions to be permanently secured within y Fooms by anchor pad or bolts T ORGANIZATIONAL PE Vint Designation Penne ee Office Symbol Basa StomAoumniry Zip code NAVAL AIR STATION a NORTH 1712 Coney XK Treerne Ore NAVAL AIR STATION NORTH ISLAND CA 92010 Figure 1 10 DD Form 200 Continued on next page 1 22 Regulations Continued SECNAVINST is an example of the back side of the form Maintain submitted 5500 4 forms in the shop file until the missing equipment is removed from inventory Department of the Navy Reporting of Missing Lost Stolen or Recovered MLSR Government Property during e evening reeling eter eh Felare Continued tn Deha government Recom end BMI be held financially ifabi for to government 2 Remove from property book recor
233. tems machines use paper vellum vinyl rubylith masking film and application tape The tools of these machines change from ball point pens to pounce wheels and to knife blades Some of these machines are self contained units and others hook up to computer systems Many commercial sign shops use this type of graphics device to reduce production time and enhance quality Few of these machines are in Navy shops but you should know of their existence 4 30 Cameras Introduction General maintenance Cameras in one form or another have always been one of a DM s tools A DM either uses a photographic process in the creation of artwork or prepares artwork for photographic reproduction Knowledge of camera types and the basic functions of camera parts are essential Cameras may be process cameras found in large studio settings or hand held 35mm cameras and copy cameras Maintenanceis similar for all the various types of cameras PROCESS CAMERAS Process cameras usually have an electrical power source to drive timers settings and lights Z Inspect electrical cords for fraying or bare wire Z Clean optical surfaces with a lint free doth or chamois Z Clean mirrored surfaces with a camel hair brush Z Keep bellows copyboard and film plane free of debris and lint Z Lightly oil rotating handwheels cranks and worm gears 35MM and COPY CAMERAS Small cameras like 35mm and copy cameras rely on a battery for power Z Check th
234. ternal commitments 1 4 physical environment 1 5 Software 3 31 applications software 3 31 operating systems software 3 31 use 3 31 Special Applications Graphics Machines 4 27 care computerized graphics machines 4 30 engravers 4 27 engraving features 4 28 maintenancel_4 28 use 4 29 Special Cased Instruments 2 287 bow instruments 2 27 center disks 2 31 needlepoints 2 30 ruling pens 2 28 2 29 INDEX 8 Continued on next page INDEX Continued S Continued Supervision 1 43 coordinating 1 46 organizing 1 45 1 46 planning 1 43 1 44 supervising 1 46 1 47 1 48 training 1 48 1 49 Supply 1 39 estimating supplies 1 39 purchasing consumables 1 39 purchasing new equipment 1 39 requisitioning 1 41 sources 1 40 waste 1 39 T Text Programs word processing software features 3 32 word processing software programs 3 32 1X U S GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1997 532 154 60005 INDEX 9
235. ters raster scan an image in a very tight pattern with a narrow beam of light or energy This allows for precise control of the image area Characters art and halftones are generated picture element PIXEL by pixel at 700 to 1 500 LPI Point size ranges from 5 to 246 points Note that a point size and a pixel are not the same Notice also that a halftone and a pixel are not the same A halftone is comprised of pixels and how many depends on the resolution of the screen and the percentage of the halftone pattern desired This type of typesetter and processor is also known as a raster image processor RI P Continued on next page 4 19 Phototypesetters Continued Phototypesetter The developing unit of a typesetter develops the image after transfer to processors photosensitive film or paper The machine is self developing The two types of development processes are the stabilization process and the photographic process STABILIZATION PROCESS The stabilization process is a nonpermanent process that uses an activating solution to develop the image and a chemical stabilizer to halt the development PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESS The photographic process is a permanent process much like standard photographic processing It uses a chemical developer to mature the image a fixer to stop development of the image and a water wash to remove chemical residue from the developed image Figure 4 8 illustrates the two types of phototypesetting processor system
236. that is less opaque than titanium and lead white ZIP A TONE A transparent acetate sheet preprinted with patterns of dots or lines that create tone ZONE NUMBERS Numbers and letters on the border of a drawing to provide reference points to aid in locating specific points in the drawing ZOOM LENS A variable focal length lens that functions as a telephoto lens but allows you to select the range of the object magnification Al 67 APPENDIX II References Used to Develop The TRAMAN NOTE Although the following references were current when this TRAMAN was published you will need to ensure you are studying the latest revision Alteration of Official DoD Imagery OPNAVNOTE 5290 Office of the Chief of Naval Operations Washington DC 1995 Copyright in Works of Authorship Prepared by Department of the Navy Personnel SECNAVINST 5870 6 Department of the Navy Office of the Secretary Washington DC 1988 Department of the Navy Directives Issuance System SECNAVINST 5215 1C Department of the Navy Office of the Secretary Washington DC 1970 Department of the Navy Information and Personnel Security Program Regulation OPNAVINST 5510 1H CH 5 Office of the Chief of Naval Operations Washington DC 1995 Department of the Navy Publications and Printing Regulations NAVSO P 35 NAVPUBINST 5600 42 Navy Publications and Printing Service Management Office Washington DC 1979 Department of the Navy Standard Subject Ide
237. the inside of the cylinder and wiping the lamp assembly Lubricating all bearings using a No 10 motor oil and deaning the suction holes is done monthly Remove clean and dust all hoses annually In addition to precautions ascribed to electrically powered machinery diazo type machines require the following specific safety precautions Z store ammonia in shatterproof bottles Z protect bottles in storage by securing them in place Z handle ammonia bottles carefully to prevent Z blindness and bums to personnel Z stripping finishes off of surfaces and Z never turn ammonia flow completely off while machine is running Diazo sensitive materials are papers acetate and lightweight cardstock coated with diazo salts and azo dyestuff emulsion This emulsion is sensitive to light Exposure to light through a transparent or translucent master desensitizes areas not protected by the opaque image of the master After development in ammonia vapor desensitized areas appear clear and protected areas appear as the image Paper comes in different weights and as standard line continuous tone and sepia line stock Drafting film comes as a blueline or sepia image stock Foils or acetates used for transparencies come in normal intensity colors and pastels black or color on color backgrounds and in a variety of densities weights and sizes Cardweight stock is available with a metallic shine All diazo materials fade in time and exposure to dayli
238. tion Ne Set up and maintain a presentation theater Continued on next page 5 1 Overview Continued Acronyms The following table contains a list of acronyms you must know to understand the material in this chapter Computer Based Instruction Standard Speed Video Cassette Recorder Inthis chapter This chapter covers the following topics Multimedia 5 2 Projection Devices Introduction General maintenance The most common types of still picture projectors are the opaque the overhead and the 35mm slide projector You need a working knowledge of the operation and the basic maintenance of the common types of projectors For general maintenance purposes inspect the projection device well before presentation day to allow time for the repair of any discrepancies Likewise pay attention to the following details Z Ne Ne Ne Ne Check the cleanliness of the lenses and projection stages clean optical surfaces with a lint free cloth a damp chamois or a lens tissue Z clean exterior surfaces with a clean damp cloth and Z clean mirrored or reflective condensers with a camel hair brush Check the device for worn or frayed electrical cords Test device operation by running the projector for 5 minutes before actual use to make sure it is working properly Check the projector to screen distance Keep a spare bulb available next to the projector Continued on ne
239. tors are very similar to VCR units The major difference is that the video projector projects the image onto a screen The video projector is primarily a teaching device meant for small audiences One of the drawbacks in using this projector is how easily it slips out of adjustment Video projectors have the same buttons and switches as a VCR with only a few differences These differences are a projection lens a focusing ring and input output ports to the video cassette player Position a video projector so that it is not in a traffic area as this projector easily jars out of alignment Use a special projection cart or ideally mount the projector to the ceiling in a projector rack The projector has sensitive adjustment dials A misadjusted projector will project an image that appears to have a ghost or has incorrect coloration Adjust this projector before actual use by aligning the three primary color dots on the screen until only white light is seen Monitors are television screens connected to computers or video cassette recorders players to playback audiovisual tapes Monitors have the same adjustment features as a television Use as large a monitor as practicable in the classroom or theater Monitors have an input port an output port an on off switch a screen face a color balance control and a vertical horizontal hold adjustment dial Never force a plug into an input output port Monitors are hardy devices that require littl
240. tware and applications software Operating system software manages the operation of the entire computer Its primary job is to manage the system and system resources such as the disks the printers and the modems It also helps you to communicate with the computer to use applications software Install the operating system program into the system hard drive with the distribution disks before attempting to load any other program Follow the owner user manual The owner user manual will tell you the setup command that will lead you through the process from the display screen Once you have the operating system installed put the original distribution disks in a safe place User or application software is program disks that help you to accomplish a specific goal such as DOS Windows PC or System 7 MAC Distribution disks for applications software require information about the microcomputer configuration Software programs have differing requirements therefore refer to the owner user manual for installation Once you have installed the applications software put the original distribution disks in a safe place Consciously develop a good systematic approach in your work habits Have your reveal codes displayed on the screen while you are working This allows you to see any coding errors in the document You will find it easier to make corrections to the text of a document when you eliminate coding errors Break the habit of hitting the ENTER o
241. uisitioning log similar to a supply Operational Target OPTAR to track the supplies you order is astandard supply NAVSUP Form 1250 and 1250 1 Waaa went Figure 1 23 Supply requisitions Continued on next page 1 41 Supply Continued Requistioning Continued Figure 1 24is another standard DD Form 1348 and its color coded receipt copies Figure 1 24 DD Form 1348 ORIGINAL DMNP0149 142 Supervision Introduction There are six basic steps to supervision Some steps occur automatically and others will require conscious application The results of a well run effectively supervised shop are a contagious professional work ethic among crew members and a high caliber end product Planning Planning is the first step in supervision It is also a part of all other steps Planning applies to every aspect of the shop not just tasking Let the rew know long and short range plans that concern the shop Solicit their input for setting shop goals Without a plan there is nowhere to go Figure 1 25 demonstrates how planning affects all aspects of supervision COORDINATING SUPERVISING TRAINING ACCOUNTABILITY DMNPD150 Figure 1 25 Six basic steps in supervision Continued on next page 143 Supervision Continued Planning Continued Some things to consider when formulating plans to accomplish a task are shown in the followin
242. unction during printing CHARCOAL Spedally charred willow sticks used for drawing on a paper with tooth CHARCOAL DRAWING A drawing made with charcoal CHARCOAL PENCILS Charred willow sticks encased in wood for strength CHIAROSCURO Rendering forms using a balanced contrast between pronounced light and dark elements CHINESE WHITE An opaque white watercolor pigment CHISEL POINT Drawing or lettering with a wide flat point CHOKE S Used totrap a dark element over a light background to avoid or minimize white space showing around the element during press plates misalignment CHROMA See INTENSITY CIRCULAR SCREEN A photographic screen used with a process camera which allows screen adjustment to eliminate the wavelike or checkered effect called moire CIRCUMFERENCE The length of a line that forms a cirde CIRCUMSCRIBED To draw around or endose within one geometric form another form or object CLICK ON To select a computer function by clicking the buttons on a mouse Continued on next page Al 11 Glossary Continued C Continued CLIP ART A collection of artwork filed away for future use CMYK An acronym for cyan magenta yellow and black a color specification system for color separation and printing COATED PAPER Paper coated with a finely ground filler or day to produce a smooth surface COBALT DRIER A liquid agent used in a medium to accelerate the drying
243. und so that everyone can hear They use a ground wire and an input wire for connection to a player or amplifier Place speakers far enough from the amplifier to prevent feedback or squeal The speakers should remain in front of and facing the audience Place them out of the way preferably mounted on the ceiling Keep the front grill of the speaker box Replace speakers that have been tom or crushed Damaged speakers distort sound or buzz and are distracting to the audience Occasionally disconnect the speaker and expose fresh wire to reconnect to the terminals Oxidation of the copper core of the wire will cause the speaker to cut in and out 5 19 Multimedia Introduction Multimedia presentations Computer interactivity Computer Based Instruction CBI Sometimes one projector is not enough When a speaker combines different devices or methods of presentation it becomes a multimedia event Multimedia describes presentations that use several different devices or presentation methods to convey information Another name for multimedia is media integration This type of presentation combines information presented in a lecture with slide films video transparendes or other lecture aids It may be reactive for which the audience sits and listens or it may be interactive whereby the audience is participating as well as listening The point is to use as many of the human senses as possible to increase audience understanding of th
244. uring field day do not allow water to seep under the equipment near the electrical mechanisms Allow for maximum air circulation when you select a position for placing equipment particularly if the equipment produces fumes General Maintenance Introduction General maintenance Equipment movement Proper maintenance extends the useful life of equipment and ensures that the equipment is in an optimum state of readiness It is aggravating to need a piece of equipment for a rush job and discover that you have to clean it up before you can use it The cleaner you keep your equipment the better off you are Specific maintenance requirements for particular pieces of equipment should appear near the equipment to which they pertain In general keep debris away nom keyboards and keys Clean monitors and mirrors periodically Do not allow food and especially drink near equipment and keyboards Do not move equipment around the shop excessively Protect equipment from unnecessary jarring and secure for sea before getting under way 45 Copiers Introduction Copier needs Volume range and speed Standard copiers Color copiers DMs interface with copiers daily Copiers offer a selection of timesaving options and provide good resolution reproductions As copiers become more sophisticated they assume a more versatile and valuable role in the creative process Command or shop needs determine the type of copier purchased or
245. verturn waxer once the wax is heated Figure 2 6 shows a hand held waxer DMNPOODE Figure 2 6 A hand waxer Continued on next page 2 9 Furniture Continued Waxers To use a tabletop waxer follow this table Continues Make sure the machine is a minimum of one third capacity full of wax Turn on the machine to medium setting Allow 30 minutes to heat wax evenly 4 Run the material through waxer Run the material through waxer a second time and at a right angle to the first pass If wax does not appear as a light frost on the back of the material adjust temperature setting Allow 20 minutes for waxer to heat wax evenly with new temperature 8 Waxed material is repositionable until burnished into place shows a tabletop waxer Figure 2 7 A tabletop waxer Continued on next page 2 10 Furniture Continued Mat cutters Another piece of equipment often found in drafting shops is a mat cutter The two basic types of mat cutters are hand held mat cutters and carriage units Hand cut mats require great skill and a steady hand Carriage units ensure uniformity speed and accuracy Carriage units cut oval round rectangular square and fancy cut mats They may be large and mounted on a wall or they may be small tabletop units Both types of mat cutters require a plentiful supply of fresh blades Figure 2 8 shows a mat being cut by hand Figure 2 8 Ha
246. watch at home and overseas capable of strong action to preserve the peace or of instance offensive action to win in war It is upon the maintenance of this control that our country s glorious future depends the United States Navy exists to make it so WE SERVE WITH HONOR Tradition valor and victory are the Navy s heritage from the past To these maybe added dedication discipline and vigilance as the watchwords of the present and the future At home or on distant stations we serve with pride confident in the respect of our country our shipmates and our families Our responsibilities sober us our adversities strengthen us Service to God and Country is our special privilege We serve with honor THE FUTURE OF THE NAVY The Navy will always employ new weapons new techniques and greater power to protect and defend the United States on the sea under the sea and in the air Now and in the future control of the sea gives the United States her greatest advantage for the maintenance of peace and for victory in war Mobility surprise dispersal and offensive power are the keynotes of the new Navy The roots of the Navy lie in a strong belief in the future in continued dedication to our tasks and in reflection on our heritage from the past Never have our opportunities and our responsibilities been greater Chapters Appendices Index CONTENTS 1 Shop Organization and Administratio
247. xt page 5 3 Projection Devices Continued Projector Make sure the projector is securely supported so that it will not fall or jiggle support during the presentation The projector should project the image over the heads of the audience without partially projecting it onto the ceiling or floor Position the projector dose enough to the screen to permit even illumination Make sure the lens projects the image at a 90 degree angle to the projection surface to prevent keystoning covered later in this chapter shows the correct positioning of a projector to prevent keystoning SIDE VIEW PROJECTOR SCREEN TOP VIEW SCREEN Figure 5 1 Correct projector angles Continued on next page Projection Devices Continued Opaque projectors An opaque projector reflects light from the surface of an opaque object Magazines books photographs full color pictures charts and diagrams project onto a screen without additional preparation An opaque projector will also project any relatively flat object such as small machine parts cams gears and coins This projector is often used for teaching briefing and as an aid to draftsmen enlarging an image to redraw Some of the limitations in the use of an opaque projector are its cumbersome size and weight and it does not illuminate the screen brightly requiring the elimination of room lights Figure 5 2 shows a basic opaque projector Figure 5 2 The opaque projector
248. y image on any subject is appropriate for a picture morgue Magazines newspapers brochures books and catalogues are all excellent sources for scavenging ideas The intent here is to use the images as a catalyst to inspire your own original ideas not to copy another s work blatantly Once you find artwork to clip for your file identify the pictures by annotating the date publisher caption or description and copyright information Do this on the reverse of the image or on a firmly attached separate paper Carefully pry out all the staples and remove the tape from the image area Fold large pictures with the picture side out to minimize damage created by creasing Continued on next page 1 36 Files Continued Filing Store clipped art in letter sized folders Folders with tabs are convenient for labeling File tie folders in the shop using the established filing system or begin a system specific to the picture morgue shows general subject divisions for a picture morgue ANGLE PULLPACE PEOPLE MATURE OLD TOUGH MOTO a ereessont roemong eTe r AT ERSTE MARNE E ED OFFICERS COMBAT UNIFORME ace S Eae maman Beat E E EATE a cae crescent O08 ASTRONAUT UNIFORMS WOME S FASHIONS CHILDRENS FASHONS ARMOR ROYALTY STAGE ACCESSORES NAVY FIOHTERBONBER AF PICHTER BOMBER CARGO HELICOPTERS AIRPORTS PARACHUTES NAVY COMBAT CARRIERS DESTROYERS ae MERCHANT OCEANLNERS CTC A n CANADA SOUTH a

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