Implementation of WSN Based Transport Information
Contents
1. 4 Copy File named Startup s that ETT has already pro vided in CD ROM and is saved in Example named Startup s and then to place it in the same position folder of new Project File that we created completely File Startup s is a file that contains Assembly Language Commands of ARM7 to configure the necessary default value for MCU 5 Configure Option value of Project File by using com mand Project Option for Target Target 1 and then select Tab of Target to configure value of MCU Target as follows 6 Output we must click default values of Create HEX File configure format of Hex to be HEX 386 and then select 7 Start writing C Language Source Code click command File New and we will get the available are to write Text File 3 2 2 MPLAB IDE V8 20a The development process with MPLAB consists of four steps 1 Program the application code into the target application using MPLAB as the current debug tool 2 Debug the application Modify the source code 4 Rebuild the project and repeat until the application R performs as designed 4 RESULT AND DISCUSSIONS The zigbee family from Nordic VLSI ASA has two different modes of operation direct mode and Shock Burst mode Shock Burs the whole idea with the Shock Burst technology is to put as much low level protocol handling into the nRF chip as possible without removing any flexibility from the user The operation can be best understood considering two mo2. E BUS STOP 5 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK The proposed system requires low power and less cost anad it doesn t need GPS or GSM to locate distance of the bus By the RSSI based distance calculation we can able to find the exact distance of the bus arrival Since WSN can address 16 bit ad dressing more number of vehicles can identify without any IJSER 2014 http www ijser org International Journal of Scientific amp Engineering Research Volume 5 Issue 5 May 2014 72 ISSN 2229 5518 data collision and network problem The vehicle is enabled with an on board unit that contains the unique vehicle id Zigbee MAC id and information The development of transport information system using the ZigBee transceiver to know about the bus arrival information was successfully test ed by interfacing ZigBee transceivers with ARM LPC2148 and PIC 16F877A The future work of this project is to develop cen tralized database of the bus status information and to create accessibility using an android mobile with the help of internet access Fig 4 ARM INTERFACING WITH ZIGBEE BUS TERMINOUS LLL er Fig 5 PIC INTERFACING WITH ZIGBEE BUS IJSER 2014 Fig 6 INITIAL STATE BUS TERMINOUS Tambaranm to CME TN 20 7777 Fic 7 INITIAL STATE BUS REFERENCES l Pradnya M Daflapurkar B P Patil Performance Evaluation of WSN Pa rameters Using Reinforcement Learning A Survey IJTES ISSN 2320 8007 Volume 1 9
3. International Journal of Scientific amp Engineering Research Volume 5 Issue 5 May 2014 68 ISSN 2229 5518 Implementation of WSN Based Transport Information System through ZIGBEE Protocol M Sudhagar J Gobinath Abstract In the present transportation system getting information about bus arrival is very difficult now a days due to traffic and some external scenarios In this paper we can monitor bus and get data from the administrators as well as to the travellers whether the bus is arriving on time early or late and also this information is displayed on the different wireless displays in the bus station In our project once the user traveller wants to know about the detail and status of a particular bus then he can able to get the details by giving the bus number and stopping name on the android application in mobile It communicate to bus depot and start analyzing then Zigbee transceiver receives the signal that the vehicle has entered the zone in particular route specified then automatically the unique id of the bus Vehicle ID will be read from the board Zigbee MAC id which has been attached to every vehicle and collects the distance and nearby stopping name and send to depot Index Terms Embedded technology LPC2148 PIC16F877A Wireless Sensor Networks ZIGBEEE module 1 INTRODUCTION In the existing system the transportation module doesn t provide any information regarding current status of bus it provides only bu
4. W and M Cioffi Constant power waterfilling Performance bound and low complexity implementation IEEE Trans http www ijser org
5. ard provides sufficient I O to control the e nose and acquire the signals The Single Board Computer SBC is based on an Intel code compatible processor allowing code development debugging and testing to be easily done on a desktop personal computer 3 1 Hardware Requirements 1 ARM Processor LPC2148 Philips 2 PIC Processor PIC16F877A 3 Zigbee Module Xbee Series 5 3 1 1 ARM Processor The LPC2148 microcontrollers are based on a 16 bit 32 bit ARM7TDMI S CPU with real time emulation and embed ded outline support that combine the microcontroller with embedded high speed flash memory ranging upto 512 kB A 128 bit wide memory interface and sole accelerator archi tecture enable 32 bit code execution at the highest clock rate For critical code size applications the another 16 bit Thumb mode reduce code by more than 30 with mini mum performance penalty Due to their tiny size and low power consumption LPC2148 are perfect for applications where miniaturization is a key necessity such as access control Serial communications interfaces ranging from a USB Full speed device multiple UARTs SPI to I2C bus and on chip SRAM up to 40 kB build these devices very well suited for communication gateways and soft modems pro tocol converters voice recognition and low end imaging providing equally large buffer size and high processing pow er 3 1 2 PIC Processor The hardware consists of picl6F877A connected with zigbee represen
6. des transmitter and receiver mode as follows In the transmitter mode the micro controller decides that it will transmit a packet via the Zigbee device and pulls the Chip Enable signal high Then the micro controller clocks its packet into the Data out Register using the Clock and Data pin on the Zigbee The packet contains receivers address and the payload If CRC is enabled the SBE will calculate the CRC of the data that is being transmitted Transmission of the packet will start 202us after the Chip Enable signal has been pulled low by the micro controller In the receiver mode the external low cost micro controller will before operation configure the Zigbee During this configuration the Zigbee will be told what is its own address what packet length it shall receive what bit rate 250kbit s or 1Mbit s it shall use on air and if it shall perform CRC or not In this case we assume that own address is N bits wide If the bits match the CRC calculator will calculate the checksum of the whole Packet and compare if the result is equal to the CRC bits in the received packet If the CRC does not match the SBE will continue to compare incoming bits with own address until a new match is found and then repeat the CRC calculation After configuration of the Zigbee the low cost micro controller can go into hibernation par PLPLETEVERE 2 2 o saagaa TTD an L J 1 aon i 2 i A a o a i ame Fig 3 PIC INTERFACING WITH ZIGBE
7. eceived within a short time However a high capacity is needed if we transmit the short message to every user indi vidually Future work will have to take a closer look on provider independent measurements and at the SMS broad cost service Zigbee and IEEE 802 15 4 are widely used in wire less sensor networks WSN Observing that data gathering is a major application of WSNs present several beacon scheduling algorithms with low convergence latency A zigbee tree network wissth one coordinator sink some routers and some devices Each routers or end devices and relaying incoming data to the sink The aim of this project is to get the running status of par ticular bus using ZigBee protocol It is node to node com munication processes were bus terminus bus and bus stop are act as node The remainder of this paper is structured as follows Section 2 Section 3 Section 4 Section 5 Proposed System System Implementation Test bed and Discussion SS ee ae Conclusion 2 PROPOSED SYSTEM The proposed system can monitor bus traffic inside spacious bus stations and can inform administrators as well as to the travelers whether the bus is arriving on time early or late This information is then displayed on the different wireless displays in the bus station In this project once the user trav eller wants to know about the detail and status of a particular bus then he can able to get the details by giving the bus num ber and st
8. ge Program that is Keil CARM It IJSER 2014 http www ijser org International Journal of Scientific amp Engineering Research Volume 5 Issue 5 May 2014 71 ISSN 2229 5518 is used to interpret command under Program Text Editor of Keil Keil uVision3 We only mention about the proceeding to configure Option value for connection commands of interpre tation program together by using Keil CARM through Keil uVision3 For more detailed commands and functions usage for writing program by Keil CARM user can learn them by self from User s Manual command of Keil CARM We can summarize the proceeding to configure default values of Keil uVision3 for using with Keil CARM as follows 1 Open program Keil uVision3 that is a program Text Edi tor of Keil CARM it is used to write C Language Source Code program and the feature of this program 2 Configure default values to interpret commands of uVision3 and can be used with Program Keil uVision3 and Keil CARM Click Project Components Environment Books and then select default value for Compiler from the title Select ARM Development Tools that has 3 modes Use Keil CARM Tools Use GNU Tools and Use ARM Tools In this case we must select Use Keil ARM Tools and then we must configure position of folder to store default values of program Keil ARM 3 Create new Project File by using command Project new Project and then configure Folder that we want to save new Project File
9. opping name in the android mobile The Zigbee IJSER 2014 http www ijser org International Journal of Scientific amp Engineering Research Volume 5 Issue 5 May 2014 69 ISSN 2229 5518 transceiver receives the signal that the vehicle has entered the zone in particular route specified then automatically the unique id of the bus Vehicle ID will be read from the board Zigbee MAC id which has been attached to every vehicle and collects the distance and nearby stopping name The main purposes of wsn deployment are 1 To monitor Data from remote sensors of different types temperature pressure motion vibrations etc with WSN connectivity can be easily collected by central unit for further processing and analysis 2 To control Actuators switches valves sound emitters robots etc can be controlled remotely by commands sent over the air 3 Both to monitor and to control Measurements collected from sensors can be immediately used to control actuators present in the same wireless network 3 SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION The use of embedded technology provides several interesting benefits availability of an abstraction layer for signal acquisi tion and control via an operating system high level program ming of the signal processing algorithms large data storage in solid state disks commercial off the shelf hardware for serial ports hardware for interfacing various types of displays etc A small data acquisition and relay bo
10. pg no 1360 1365 December 2013 Sonavane S S V Kumar and B P Patil Design Factors Requirements and Research issues of wireless Sensor Networks International journal of Engineering Research amp Industrial Applications JERIA Vol 1 No III pp 79 93 2008 Sonavane S S V Kumar and B P Patil Component Choice for Low Power Wireless Sensor Networks Node International Journal IJCIT AE Vol 2 No l July 2008 Series Publications Opportunistic power allocation schemes for the maximization of network lifetime in wireless sensor networks in IEEE ICASSP 2008 April 2008 pp 2273 2276 Cui S J Xiao A Goldsmith Z Q Luo and H V Poor Estimation diversity and energy efficiency in distributed sensing IEEE Trans on Signal Proc vol 55 no 9 pp 4683 4695 Sept 2007 Sanayei S and A Nosratinia Opportunistic downlink transmission with limited feedback IEEE Trans on Inforamtion Theory vol 53 no 11 pp 4363 4372 Nov 2007 M D Goudar V Kumar A Review Of Improved Maximum Peak Power Tracking Algorithms For Photovoltaic Systems IJEET ISSN Print ISSN 0976 6545 Vol 1 Issue 1 2010 72 94 Sept Oct 2010 Xiao J J S Cui Z Q Luo and A J Goldsmith Power scheduling of Xiao J 17 J S Cui Z Q Luo and A J Goldsmith Power scheduling of universal decentralized estimation in sensor networks IEEE Trans on Signal Proc vol 54 no 2 pp 431 422 Feb 2006 Yu
11. rate long battery life and secure networking PICIGEFS 77A IJSER 2014 http www ijser org International Journal of Scientific amp Engineering Research Volume 5 Issue 5 May 2014 70 ISSN 2229 5518 Fig 1 ZIGBEE SENSOR AND PIN CONNECTIONS Zigbee is a single chip 2 4 GHz Transceiver Zigbee is used in WSN PICI6F877A as a transmitter and receiver module Nor dic transceiver has total nine external connectors in which six are connected to the PIC16F877A The port 5 is used for com munications with Zigbee and port 2 The WSN PICI16F877A BUS TERMINUS L lt N SERVER ZIGBEE MODULE base unit can be connected to the ultra sonic sensor unit with the help of pins 1 7 The ultrasonic sensor unit can be powered with the WSN PIC16F877A The ports P6 7 P2 5 P1 6 and P2 4 are connected through pins 1 2 3 4 respectively The below diagram explains the connection of general purpose pins through PIC16F877A The 9V 3Vcc and ground pins can be used to power the external circuits connected to the WSN PIC16F877A ZIGBEE MODULE BUS STOP 2 ZIGBEE MODULE ZIGBEE MODULE Fig 2 PROPOSED BLOCK DIAGRAM REPRESENTATION 3 2 Software Requirements 1 KEIL IDE pvision V 3 31 2 EMBEDDED C 3 MPLAB IDE V8 20a 3 2 1 KEIL IDE pvision V 3 31 In this case we will mention about the proceeding to write program by using C Langua
12. s timing This is overcome in proposed system In this system information regarding the status of particular bus is retrieved using android application and ZigBee protocol Here ZigBee protocol plays a vital role which provides node to node communication between the nodes in the transportation module It provides reliable communication Based on the analysis of the shortcomings of traditional technologies including location technology communica tion technology the advantages of Wireless Sensor Net work WSN and Zigbee are given first Then the data re quirements of Bus Priority Control System BPCS are pre sented In the BPCS the WSN nodes are classified into three types i e intersection node roadside node and vehi cle node Also the system architecture and operation pro cess are expounded briefly Finally through the simulation and application of the test platform the practicability is proved and some useful conclusions are drawn The meas urement results have shown that the short message service SMS is usable in emergency cases because we haven t seen any message loss and almost every message is M Sudhagar is currently pursuing master s degree in embedded system and technologies from Rajiv Gandhi College of engineering Chennai Email id sudhagarpg gmail com J Gobinath M E Assistant professor department of information Tech nology Rajiv Gandhi College of engineering Chennai Email id gobirgce gmail com r
13. ting a Wireless sensor node The design and imple mentation of a sensor node utilizes emerging hardware low cost components and new techniques to achieve high data rate extremely low power operation Low power operation is achieved not only through selection of efficient hardware but also through low duty cycling and by Adaptive power algo rithm implementation One cycle of sleep wakeup and run is typically the cost of acquiring a single set of sensor samples For the majority of the time the node is sleeping While asleep the microcontroller must maintain its state while consuming little power and shutting down or disconnecting all periph erals including the radio In this project WSN node is de signed choosing the Texas Instruments PIC16F877A microcon troller The PIC16F877A consumes only 2 microwatts in sleep mode while maintaining RAM The collection of various fea tures has been integrated to create the highest data rate lowest power mote to date 3 1 3 Zigbee Module ZigBee is the name of a specification for a suite of high level communication protocols using small low power digital radi os based on the IEEE 802 15 4 2007 standard for wireless per sonal area networks WPANs such as wireless headphones connecting with cell phones via short range radio The tech nology is intended to be simpler and cheaper than other WPANSs such as Bluetooth ZigBee is targeted at radio frequency RF applications that require a low data
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