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User Manual of UM2B - Unitronics Electric

1. Transformer Autotransformer This indicates whether the unit is a transformer or an autotransformer No Tertiary Tertiary This indicates whether the transformer has or does not have a tertiary winding Single Phase Three phase This indicates whether the transformer is single phase or three phase Y OF MANUFACTURING Year in which the transformer was manufactured COOLING Type of transformer cooling This may be by oil or dry POWER MVA Maximum power of the transformer in millions of volt amperes NOMINAL Vdc Nominal short circuit voltage in percentage terms This is the percentage of the rated voltage that needs to be applied to the high voltage winding for the nominal current to circulate through the low voltage winding when the latter is shorted This is shown on the nameplate CONNECTION GROUP This is the winding connection group for three phase transformers By clicking on the indicator a list of the existing possibilities is shown For groups in which N n appears one of the windings has an accessible neutral 38 lero Ho 5 SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION if the indication is N e g YNy0 the high voltage winding has the accessible neutral and if n e g Dyn5 it is the low voltage winding TERTIARY GROUP This indicates whether the transformer has a third winding in addition to the high and low voltage windings FILE C A SAGEN_WIN Ensayos TRDGENERS510324 T DRTRDGENE
2. oO 0 2 30 40 50 60 Figure 5 21 Calibration message In case the machine is not completely discharged the unit will detect it and it will warn the user with the following message giving option to discharge it Figure 5 22 If this discharge is not performed the graph of recovery voltage could result altered from the one that should be drawn most of all appearing a higher voltage in the first cycles 49 lero to id 5 SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION WARNING MESSAGE x THE MACHINE IS CHARGED Do you want to discharge the machine A CT A BANDEL LOK Figure 5 22 Warning message The machine is charged In the measure process a short circuit could appear in any instant accidental union of the measure clamps The unit is able to detect short circuits when load time overcomes 2 seconds In this case it will show the following informative message in which indicates that the connections should be revised Figure 5 23 Once revised it will be necessary to repeat the test A A SHORT CIRCUIT EXISTS Check the connection of the unit with the machine Figure 5 23 Short circuit message In the case of not existing short circuit voltage will be applied to the transformer for the period established Figure 2 2 phase 1 in the time base on the previous screen the machine will then be short circuited and the recovery voltage measured Figure 5 24 MEASURING VREAB 010 1 30
3. 8 TECHNICAL SUPPORT SYMPTOM PROBLEM SOLUTION The power switch 4 is turned on but the power indicator 2 does not light up There is voltage in the cables but none of the test voltage indicating LED s 1 lights up The equipment generates voltage but this is not present in the cables Power cable not properly connected or there is no power supply The fuse has blown The equipment is faulty One of the indicators has blown The equipment is faulty One external equipment sets his voltage on the cables The high voltage cables are not properly connected The high voltage cables are in poor condition The equipment is faulty 80 Connect properly or check the supply Replace fuse see section 6 4 If the problem persists send the equipment to an authorized technical service Send the equipment to an authorized technical service Send the equipment to an authorized technical service Send the equipment to an authorized technical service Review the measurement s conditions and that the machine is fully discharged Connect properly changing previously to zero the voltage Contact an authorized technical service Send the equipment to an authorized technical service 8 TECHNICAL SUPPORT SYMPTOM PROBLEM SOLUTION On executing the program the Test option is disabled The connecting cable is connected between the UM2B and the PC
4. UNITRONICS Sales Department UNITRONICS Sales Department Avenida Fuente Nueva 5 28709 San Sebasti n de los Reyes Madrid SPAIN Tel 34 91 540 01 25 Fax 34 91 540 10 68 URL http www unitronics electric com Technical Service UNITRONICS Technical Service Avenida Fuente Nueva 5 28709 San Sebasti n de los Reyes Madrid SPAIN Tel 34 91 540 01 25 Fax 34 91 653 98 10 URL http www unitronics electric com 89 ihres 9 SPECIFICATIONS 9 SPECIFICATIONS 9 1 Electrical Power requirements Depending on version 230V 10 50 60 Hz 5 115V 10 50 60 Hz 5 Installation Category Il as to IEC 664 1 Note The power configuration of the units is fixed from manufacturing Consumption 60 VA m x Fuses 630 mA T 250 Vac 20x5 315 mA T 250 Vac 20x5 630 mA T 250 Vac TR5 500 mA T 250Vac TR5 250 mA T 250Vac TR5 250 mA T 250Vac TR5 160 mA T 250Vac TR5 160 mA F 250 Vac TR5 160 mA F 250 Vac TR5 200 mA T 250Vac TR5 Rear Panel Microcontroller Main Board 315 mA T 250Vac TR5 Table 9 1 Fuses required All fuses must be homologated and approved for 250 Vac 90 ihres 9 SPECIFICATIONS 9 2 Technical characteristics Table 9 2 Technical characteristics 9 3 Measurement Scales Technical specifications Characteristic Conditions Range Accuracy Resolution Programmed
5. lero to id 5 SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION 5 4 Test analysis The analysis of a test is made up of a series of screens that show the technical data on the transformer and graphics and tables with the results obtained The Recovery Voltage application screen is the one in figure 5 28 and the one of the Insulation Resistance application would be she same but without the icons Recovery Voltage and Peak Time Select File Technical Data Recovery Voltage Peak Time Insulation A gt 5 gt gt gt O gt m Figure 5 28 Process of analysis of the test results To perform an analysis click on the Analysis button on the main menu This button is used to begin a new analysis regardless of the degree of execution of the program If a test was being performed previously the system will ask for confirmation of the step Figure 5 29 WARNING MESSAGE x The test is not finished yet are you sure you want to go to analysis eo nm a Figure 5 29 Confirmation of change to analysis If the analysis of a previous test were already under way then nothing will happen if this is interrupted unless a value had been modified In this case Figure 5 30 would be shown 52 ense ts gg 5 SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION WARNING MESSAGE x Do you want to save changes Figure 5 30 Warning for data update 5 4 1 Select test file By clicking on this button and as long
6. 1 voltage being applied to the machine by means of 4 LED diodes 2 Power unit connection indicator This should light up when the power switch 4 is turned on 3 Luminous indicator of communications with the PC Equipment connection switch This is operated to connect the 4 equipment to the electrical mains when the PC software so indicates Mains input connection This includes a fuse holder and a 2 spare fuse 6 Unit nameplate 7 PC communications connector 8 Connectors for high voltage cables running to equipment being tested The rest of the indicators warnings appear on the computer screen and will be described in detail in chapter 5 Software description 20 a 4 PREPARATIONS BEFORE TO USE 4 PREPARATIONS BEFORE TO USE The UM2B equipment is an automatic high performance system especially designed for the assessment of transformer recovery voltage parameter For performance of the measurement the system provides high voltages up to 2000 Volts d c during testing this possibly implying serious danger for the equipment operator if the system is handled incorrectly Consequently IT IS CONSIDERED ESSENTIAL THAT THE OPERATOR IN CHARGE OF HANDLING AND MAINTAINING THE EQUIPMENT RECEIVE TECHNICAL TRAINING Likewise all persons performing or witnessing a test should take the necessary safety precautions in order to avoid any contact with the parts to be analyzed or forming part of the measurement
7. 85 luso 8 TECHNICAL SUPPORT 8 2 Ordering spares Please contact the Sales Department 8 3 Observations The UM2B equipment has been developed and tested under the same conditions and in the same installations as those in which it will operate Nevertheless it is always good to gain insight into the degree of satisfaction of the customer and to know what new performance characteristics he would like to see or which he would eliminate with a view to developing future system hardware software improvements If you have any observation suggestion to make as regards the software hardware cabling operation characteristics etc please photocopy the following 2 sheets fill them in and send them to the corresponding Sales Department 86 ihres 8 TECHNICAL SUPPORT COMPANY Customer No Address City C Province Contact person e mail Telephone UM2B serial No Date of acquisition Degree of satisfaction L Very satisfied _ Satisfied _ Dissatisfied _ Fairly satisfied _ Not very satisfied L Very dissatisfied What safety elements would you add What new calculations should it perform 87 8 TECHNICAL SUPPORT What standard optional elements would you add What elements would you remove What defects does the system have on of of the year Table 8 2 88 ihres 8 TECHNICAL SUPPORT 8 4 Authorized representatives and technical services
8. Do you want to delete this manufacturer Figure 5 10 Warning for manufacturer s name elimination The MANUFACTURING No MANUFACTURER and MACHINE TYPE fields are part of a test search function in other words if any test has been previously performed on the machine in question and any of these fields is filled in the program will automatically fill in the rest case of MANUFACTURING No or limit the number of possible cases see also section 5 4 1 235 luso 5 SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION With the data input in the template the program will generate a directory with the following structure C SSAGEN_WIN Ensayos TTTFFFFFNNNN where TTT Machine type Power transformer TRP Distribution transformer TRD Current transformer TRI Voltage transformer TRV FFFFF Manufacturer s code The first five letters of the manufacturer s name If this name has fewer than 5 letters the rest will be filled in automatically with low hyphens until the five characters are completed gt If the name input contains any of the characters in brackets g these will be replaced automatically by the characters shown below this occurring only when files are created in the PC and not as regards what the operator sees Alt Gr 6 Alt 225 Alt 230 Alt 231 Alt 221 Alt 244 Alt 21 Dd gt mea TrTTEEO 4 NNN Manufacturing No Identifier of transformer For ex
9. UM2B Recovery voltage Meter User manual A luso TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS PROLOGUE 3 SYMBOLS 4 GUARANTEE 5 1 INTRODUCTION 6 2 DESCRIPTION OF MEASURING METHOD 8 2 1 Philosophy of the method 8 2 2 Test characteristics 9 2 3 System behavior and important parameters during measurement 9 2 4 ETPRA Data interpretation 13 3 UM2B EQUIPMENT 14 3 1 Description of the product 14 3 2 System elements 15 3 3 Physical description of equipment 19 4 PREPARATIONS BEFORE TO USE 2I 4 1 Precautions in the area of installation 22 4 2 Equipment connection 23 4 3 Disconnection of equipment 26 5 SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION 27 5 1 Introduction 27 5 2 Hardware dongle Configuration menu 29 5 3 Test performance 31 5 3 1 Test identification 33 5 3 2 Transformer technical data 38 5 3 3 Configuration of measurement 42 5 3 4 Connection 44 5 3 5 Measurements 46 5 4 Test analysis 52 5 4 1 Select test file 53 5 4 2 Transformer technical data 55 5 4 3 Recovery voltage 57 5 4 4 Peak time 59 5 4 5 Insulation resistance 60 ihres TABLE OF CONTENTS 5 5 Test duplication assistant 62 5 6 Remarks page 63 5 7 Reports printing 64 5 8 About 70 5 9 Exiting 71 6 EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE 73 6 1 Cleaning of equipment 74 6 2 Care of cables 75 6 3 Check of high voltage cables 76 6 4 Re
10. E From the button located on the main menu it is possible to print a test report Throughout this process the program shows a message asking the operator to wait The report will be printed at the predetermined Windows printer WAIT A MOMENT PLEASE PRINTING Figure 5 45 Message of printing Reports consist of 3 pages in the Recovery Voltage application and 2 pages for the Insulation Resistance application The appearance of a report is described below Recovery Voltage The 1st page includes identification data and technical data on the transformer tested Figure 5 46 a The 2nd page includes the observations made during the test or analysis in its upper part and in the middle a brief summary of the measures performed In the lower part are shown the measurements taken at different moments during the test each sample time is twice the previous one as from the time base established Figure 5 47 a The 3rd page shows the recovery voltage rise time and insulation resistance graphs Figure 5 48 Insulation Resistance The Ist page includes identification data and technical data on the transformer tested Figure 5 46 b The 2nd page includes the observations made during the test or analysis in its upper part and in the middle a brief summary of the measures performed In the lower part is shown the graph of insulation resistance Figure 5 47 b 64 5 SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION F
11. SYMPTOM PROBLEM SOLUTION Restart the test grounding the phases the recommended time Machine with residual si charges Irregularities are detected in the 5 measurement Equipment under test is damaged or has any insulation failure If proper repeat the test to secure the fault Machine to test Damaged machine Insulation Resistance is The current that circulates very low on measurement cables is Measure connections very high delayed Check that test clamps measurement bigger than are not in short circuit 3mA and it is possible that or that the connections a short circuit exists in the between bushing and machine to measure chassis are properly measure connections or insulated cables of high High voltage Cables Check high voltage cables according to the section 6 3 The message A SHORT CIRCUIT EXIST Check the connection of the unit with the machine appears on the screen Table 7 1 The numbers in brackets refer to Figure 3 9 section 3 3 To contact an authorized technical service or return the equipment refer to section 8 82 Ai zene 8 TECHNICAL SUPPORT 8 TECHNICAL SUPPORT Please provide the following information when contacting our technical service Equipment model Serial number shown on rear panel Description of fault Name and telephone number of the operator in charge of the equipment and of a person responsible for it 8 1 Return for ca
12. The maintenance of the equipment is very straightforward and consists simply of keeping it in good condition externally and making sure the cables supplied are also in good condition If the fuse blows it should be replaced with one of identical characteristics as described in section 6 4 Replacement of fuses If a fuse should blow continuously the equipment should be sent for repair see section 8 1 Return for calibration repair In order to maintain its values of accuracy the equipment should be calibrated at least once a year Special care should be taken to prevent the unit from getting wet and it should be protected against rain if necessary In the event of extreme levels of humidity or temperatures outside the margins the measures provided by the equipment will not be valid and it will be necessary to wait for the equipment to regain its operability For example leave it to dry if it has got wet Likewise changes in the situation of the equipment especially if stored may cause rapid variations in temperature causing humidity to appear as a result of condensation T3 lero y 6 EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE 6 1 Cleaning of equipment ATTENTION Always turn off the power switch 4 and disconnect the supply cables from the socket 5 before cleaning the equipment Use the following to clean the equipment and cables e asoft dry cloth if the equipment is not particularly dirty e acloth soaked in a diluted neutral clea
13. 14 a Menu for test configuration Recovery Voltage 42 bh ener 5 SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION Insulation Resistance Software ETPRA In this screen Figure 5 14 b are selected the voltage for the test the time that is going to last the connection mode of the transformer and his temperature MEASUREMENT CONFIGURATION 7 Figure 5 14 b Menu for test configuration Insulation Resistance dh ihrer 5 SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION 5 3 4 Connection This window indicates the correct connection of the equipment with the transformer on which the test is to be performed Before taking any action check that the equipment to be tested is free from voltage If the transformer had been phase grounded to eliminate charges the short circuit should be eliminated The program checks that the UM2B is turned on and that the serial cable between the computer and the UM2B is correctly connected A screen appears with instructions on how to proceed as regards connection of the unit Figure 5 15 Any errors in this connection protocol are indicated by means of luminous signals if the LED located to the left of the text flashes it means that the condition is not met Likewise the equipment should be connected to a grounded supply socket since otherwise the equipment may be damaged or the measurements taken may be incorrect CONNECTIONS xi 9 Be sure the machine under test has no voltage Connect the serie cable from PC to
14. 40 50 60 Figure 5 24 Message for search of maximum recovery voltage in current cycle 50 ihres 5 SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION On completion of the measurement the maximum result will be shown in the corresponding box and will be plotted on the graph The transformer will then be discharged the message shown in Figure 5 25 appearing throughout the entire process O 10 2 3 40 50 60 DISCHARGING CYCLE 1 Figure 5 25 Discharge message Once the measurement has been completed all the cycles are finished the program will undertake the complete discharge of the transformer during this time the message shown in Figure 5 26 will be displayed DISCHARGING Figure 5 26 Final discharge of the transformer If there is no problem the program will show Figure 5 27 on completion of measurement for all the cycles indicating that the test has been completed The unit will indicate the end of the test to the user by means of a series of acoustic sounds to claim his attention This is specially useful if the user is far from the unit performing another work while the test evolves WARKIHG MESSAGE x AN FINISHED TEST Figure 5 27 Warning for test end The measurement may be cancelled at any moment by clicking on the button If this occurs the program will undertake discharging of the transformer Figure 5 26 and will remain ready for a new measurement 51
15. 75 8 2 58 2 4 2 93 3 E 2 34 5 2 97 2 6 2 98 2 14 7 2 99 E 8 2 99 o Tiida 9 2 99 a 10 2 99 1 64 1 40 1 165 i 4 1 t 4 1 1 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Time in minutes Figure 5 47 b Second page of the report Insulation Resistance 69 lero to Led 5 SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION 5 8 About By clicking on this button a window will appear Figure 5 49 showing the following Data on the license Data on the version of the program RECOVERY gr VOLTAGE http www unitronics electric com Program developed by unitronics electric in collaboration with Iberdrola License Number 0 Version 2 EL DIME oran December 12th 2007 Figure 5 49 Cover screen If an internet connection is available when clicking the UNITRONICS web page the software will load the predetermined windows explorer with our web page This cover screen also appears when the program is executed 70 bye to ed 5 SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION 5 9 Exiting This button a is used to terminate the application The program will always check whether any data have been modified during the test or analysis If the test has not been completed the program will always ask if the decision is to go ahead Figure 5 50 and if this is the case offers the possibility of saving the data entered Figure 5 51 In affirmative case a file will be created in the directory CASAGEN_WINW
16. but the connections screen Section 5 3 4 indicates the contrary The message UM2B does not respond appears on the screen Short circuit is detected during the test Irregularities are detected in the measurement The hardware key dongle is not in place Not has installed the file of inserting the diskette key The series cable is not properly connected The serial cable is damaged The unit is not turned on The serial cable is not properly connected Measurement cables are damaged Equipment under test is damaged Short circuit cables among phases of every winding are in contact with chassis or its isolation is deficient Short circuit cables among phases of every winding are in contact with chassis or its isolation is deficient Cables were stepped damaged or treaded 81 Place the key in the parallel port of the PC suitably oriented Install the program the diskette key when concluding the installation again Connect properly or review in configuration if the COMX port is the correct one Contact an authorized technical service Turn on the unit Connect properly or review in configuration if the COMX port is the correct one Check measurement cables If proper repeat the test to secure the fault Review the wiring Review the wiring Repeat the test and check that cables are not threaded or moved a 8 TECHNICAL SUPPORT
17. file SETUP_TR_ING 94 ihres APPENDIX C OTHER UNITRONICS EQUIPMENTS APPENDIX C OTHER UNITRONICS EQUIPMENT UNITRONICS provides a set of tools oriented towards the predictive maintenance of electrical installations that use common hardware and specific software applications for the performance of different measuring functions All the software applications that make up this set have been developed by UNITRONICS with a view to facilitating maintenance tasks consequently the different programs completely guide the actions of the operator without the need for the latter to have in depth computer knowledge Subsequently during the results and trends analysis phase the software itself sometimes provides an initial direct and basic evaluation of the tests performed At the same time and because of the importance of correct data management all the measurements performed using the set of tools are encompassed in a common database such that recovering the tests performed on any machine is a simple matter All the hardware and applications have been developed by the UNITRONICS Design Department thus providing a guaranteed maintenance service In developing all these systems actual tests have been carried out at the same installations in which the equipment is later to operate thus ensuring suitable operation and leaving open the possibility for future modifications based on the experience of the users of our equipment The availabi
18. network units When the a is pressed Figure 5 43 will appear From a C SAGEN_WIN Ensayos 3 Figure 5 43 Assistant for test duplication gt In Origin the name of the test file to be recorded is selected and in Destination the directory in which the test is to be recorded 62 ihrer 5 SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION 5 6 Remarks page The program also incorporates a utility known as Remarks where the operator may take notes and or record events occurring during the test with a maximum of 25 lines y at and 80 characters per line The button will be activated whenever a test or analysis is being performed REMARKS IE o xj p ESO EE CO E revious test shown evident signs of humidity fter drying process of oil this new shows that the transformer recovered high functionality MARKS It is adviced to review the winding clean and fix Alan Waller Workshop manager Del wl CANCEL OK Figure 5 44 Remark editing page The information is stored in the test itself as a result of which it is not accessible from any editor but only from the program When the analysis of a machine is selected and a previous test or analysis has already written an observation this observation will appear when the Remarks button is pressed This remarks will also appear in the report 63 ihrer 5 SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION 5 7 Reports printing
19. out analysis of test already performed When you connect it you will be able to carry out a test For system configuration click on Config button Successively the following menu will appear Figure 5 3 in which one will choose the parameters of the system E Configuration Sek Control Power Suppl amp AY KIG 162 38 fe RS 232 COM1 230 y V 50 y Hz Lanquage Date ES Spanish DD MM YYYY A MM DD YYYY h o Temperature a German f Centigrade C Ll French Mt TE ee Topology A Relies C ABC fe U V W X Figure 5 3 Configuration Screen Control the communication with the unit is performed by means of the serial port RS 232 You will need to indicate which port will be used COM1 COM4 by means of the existent ring Supply First of all you will need to select the mains voltage that will be 115 or 230 V The frequency of mains voltage will also need to be selected which will be 50 or 60 Hz by means of the corresponding ring The manipulation of this record is just informative the user will have to check the proper supply of the unit from it s name plate Language Select one of the languages that are listed Once selected after finishing the program configuration all the text of the application will change to the selected language 29 luso 5 SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION Date The format of the date will be selected be it day mo
20. report Recovery Voltage 67 bh eeepc 5 SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION SITE UNITRONICS DATE 25 01 02 TECHNICAL SITE Laboratory MACHINE TYPE Distribution Transformer SERIAL NUMBER 5822 MANUFACTURER ABB FUNCTION Secondary Power MANUFACTURING YEAR 1979 M Three phase Single phase Autotransformer FS otto soso ane REFRIGERATION OIL POWER MVA NOM Vcc 0 000 VOLTAGE KV 20 000 0 110 CURRENT A 0 050 9 090 CONNECTION GROUP A A 3 Wi TYPE No tap changer No tap changer No tap changer tap changer tap changer tap changer Selector Selector Selector REGULATION Load Load Load Switch Switch Switch Below cover Below cover Below cover HANDLING N MANUFACTURER TAPS N NOMINAL TAP i ee A A PEA CENTRAL TAPS N are Reece AE STEP V Pees Figure 5 46 b First page of the report Insulation Resistance ihres 5 SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION The machine is in perfect conditions TEST DATE 25 01 02 St a TOTAL TEST TIME 00 10 39 hh mm ss TEST TIME 10 min TEMPERATURE 20 CONNECTION MODE HV LV GND AA c REFRIGERATION OIL POLARIZATION INDEX 2 31 TEST VOLTAGE 500 v 2 o 7 a Time LR 3 05 min Gohms 1 1 29 el 2 2 24 oo 3 2
21. the voltage is recorded at the terminals of the sample the Cp s will be observed to charge the capacitor Cg across the Rp and finally both will discharge via Ra This gives a curve with a maximum that as commented before is the one registered for every cycle 1ll luso 3 UM2B EQUIPMENT For the measurement to be performed under optimum conditions there are certain details that should be taken into account Conditions of the surfaces Any dust accumulating on the surface of the sample tested may alter insulation resistance measurements if there is associated humidity for example in the case of rainfall Temperature The resistance of insulating materials changes with temperature Consequently the result of a test will be comparable to that of another only if both are performed at the same temperature For this purpose it is habitual to refer tests to certain reference temperatures with the appropriate correction parameters in order to allow for comparison It is of interest that the tested machine has his temperature stabilized let settle after switched off from service and his temperature be measured from the inside with appropriate accuracy Temperature has a large influence in dielectric evaluation as insulation resistance is directly related to temperature variations To figure out each 10 C of thermal increment for the same increment to the same dielectric his resistance is halved Test voltage Insulation measurements w
22. 2b 4 ihrer oe 5 SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION 5 3 3 Configuration of measurement Recovery Voltage Software This screen Figure 5 14 a is used to select the voltage at which the test is to be performed and the initial cycle time during which this voltage is to be applied time base along with the transformer connection mode if the measurement is performed between high and low voltage or between high and tertiary and the temperature of the transformer Depending on the time base selected there will be a larger or smaller number of measurement cycles the longer the time the smaller the number of cycles Also indicates in function of cycles number and time base minimum test duration and maximum load time MEASUREMENT CONFIGURATION x FILE CASAGEN_WIN Ensayos TRDBROWN52013 T DRTRDBROWNS5201 3 0 TECHNICAL SITE CENTRAL SITE HIGHLANDS MADE BY Millan Casas DATE 03 25 01 UMSERIALNZ 00227 eee eee 02 2 ZA MACHINE Distribution Transformer MANUFACTURER BROWN BOVERI j FUNCTION Stadium Supply SERIAL N 52013 TEST DATA TRF DATA Minimum Total Time 40 min y E 100 00 gt T mp a 50 00 Max Charge Time 819 20 sg j 20 00 C 520 00 0 an CONNECTIONS Charge Time 3 0 1 sg Connection Mode Cycles Number El 14 HV LV GND l Typical Test Voltage V l HV LV TERC GND 500 1000 1500 2000 sl x Lal al BACK CANCEL OK Figure 5
23. Close the fuse holder 78 leo y 6 EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE 6 5 Storage and transport Changes in the location of the equipment especially if in store may cause rapid variations in temperature that may cause humidity to appear inside the equipment This may give rise to erroneous readings or to short circuiting in the worst of cases Before storing the equipment it is advisable to clean it Likewise it is recommended that all the different elements of the equipment be kept in appropriate storage containers The place chosen for storage of the equipment should Not be exposed to direct sunlight Not be exposed to high levels of dust Not be exposed to high levels of humidity Not be exposed to active gases Not be exposed to extreme temperatures The recommended conditions for storage are describe in the system specifications See chapter 9 3 Specification In areas of very high levels of humidity desiccant bags should be used If the equipment has been in storage for a very long period of time it is advisable to send it to an authorized technical service for calibration When transporting the equipment for the performance of tests in different locations appropriate transport containers should be used Likewise the equipment should not be subjected to continuous vibrations or to knocks Transport should be accomplished under the storage conditions recommended above 270 7 TROUBLESHOOTING
24. Ensayos with those data see section 5 3 1 but otherwise the file will not be created NOTICE ADVISE The test hasn t finished yet are you sure to exit eo muu 6 Figure 5 50 Warning for program exiting WARNING MESSAGE x Do you want to save changes O a mm 60 Figure 5 51 Warning of data loss If an analysis was being performed and any data have been modified the program will show the same screen when leaving the application 71 lero to ed 5 SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION Finally the program issues a reminder to switch off the measuring unit Figure 5 52 WARNING MESSAGE x Switch off the measurement unit please Figure 5 52 Warning to switch off the unit e Miesse 6 FQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE 6 EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE A A In view of the special characteristics of the equipment this MAY ONLY BE REPAIRED BY AUTHORIZED TECHNICAL PERSONNEL As mentioned in other sections because of the special danger involved in handling high voltages with the equipment the maintenance personnel repairing adjusting and calibrating the equipment should be duly qualified and trained Opening of the equipment by non authorized personnel implies cancellation of the warranty period The equipment does not contain any internal elements to be handled by the operator and SHOULD IN NO CASE BE OPENED DUE TO THE SERIOUS DANGER OF ELECTRICAL SHOCK
25. Photograph of RAFVDM equipment 98 es ode APPENDIX C OTHER UNITRONICS EQUIPMENTS EDA_DIAGHELP Expert software of diagnosis for rotating machines Figure C 7 18 x EDA DiagHelp BREBEOOS Figure C 7 Screen of the application Diag_Help EDA_TRENDS Expert software of trends for rotating machines Figure C 8 EDA TRENDS Unitronics S A U 1 Figure C 8 Screen of the application Trends 99 electric APPENDIX C OTHER UNITRONICS EQUIPMENTS ETP_DIAGHELP Expert software of diagnosis for transformers Figure C 9 ETP DIAGHELP jedT DRTRPLAYBO5822 3 MedADBTRDCOTRA20864 18 MedIDD TRDCOTRA20864 19 Dia g H e p Site Name UNITRONICS Manufacturer COTRADIS Technical Site Laboratorio Function test Machine Type Transformador de Distribuci n Done by Victor MFR Number 20864 Date 05 06 03 4 Circuit Overall Indicator Electric Circuit Magnetic Circuit Geometric Circuit Dielectric Circuit Indications Dielectric Degradation No trace Abnormal Aging No homogeneous aging traces Abnormal Insulation Resistance No trace Insulation State _Very weak state traces Danger Partial Discharges Traces Presence in solid insulation Unitronics A U_ 9 Figure C 9 Screen of the application DiagHelp ETP_TRENDS Expert software of trends for transformers Figure C 10 ZZ ETP T
26. RENDS e GRAPHIC ANALYSIS SY STEM T Tums Batio I Excitation Current I Insulation Resist 1 202F Y Winding Resist HV a T TR Error I Polarization Index M Time Constant tad a in N Short Circuit Imped Ohms w 18 27 09 36 07 04 97 2810 97 15 04 98 07 10 38 21 0499 0811 99 05 05 00 16 10 00 25 04 01 M PhaseY M Phase W Test Dates DD MM3 Y M Smoothing 4 Tap Number Unitronics S A U 6 Figure C 10 Screen of the application Trends 100 es APPENDIX D GLOSSARY APPENDIX D GLOSSARY A series of terms habitually used with the equipment are listed below along with a description of their function in this area of work Adjuster Device capable of modifying the number of turns of a transformer and therefore of changing its transformation ratio The difference between this and a regulator is that it is normally fixed at a given position during manufacturing Admissible State Admissible condition of an item for a specific use This may never be lower than the condition required for such use by the official and technical regulations Equivalent to the term Permissible condition Agglutinant Substance that allows to fix a dielectric in a surface Alternator Set of apparatus combined to transform kinetic energy into alternating current Assembly Functional unit forming part of an item and made up in turn of components motor turbine Autotransformer Device capable of changing t
27. RS1032 1 TECHNICAL SITE Substation Il C SITE Brighton MADE BY John Barlow DATE 10 10 01 UMSERIALN 00227 MACHINE Distribution Transformer MANUFACTURER GENERAL ELECTRIC FUNCTION Stadium supply SERIAL N A No Tertiary High Voltage Low Voltage Tertiary S Tertiary Single phase lt PHASE VOLTAGE KV 20 000 CURRENT 0 050 Autotransformer Three phase F utotranstormer ree phase SELECTOR v HIGH VOLTAGE v REFRIGERATION OIL HANDLING NE 24 MANUFACTURE Y 1979 EE VER y a POWER MVA 20 000 i Switch E pi MANUFACTURER GENERAL ELECTRIC Bon cover NOMINAL Vee 0 390 pee TAPS Ne a5 STEP vom Y a600 NOMINAL TAP El CENTRAL TAP N E 3 Transformer Figure 5 11 Enter the technical data of the transformer Other parameters for each of the windings may be selected on the right such as the following COMPOUND VOLTAGE KV Nominal voltage between two phases of the winding In the case of delta connections this matches with the simple or phase voltage For more information refer to Figure 5 12 39 luso 5 SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION UC r compound V UV Y VB U 23 simple MARRAN O V Id Wo e Figure 5 12 Diagram of simple compound voltage CURRENT A Nominal current of the winding There is also a list type selection box which indicates whether the winding has a regulator and adjuster or neither If the windin
28. UM 2 unit Switch on the UM 2 unit CONNECT i A A ha RED to HIGH in SHORT CIRCUIT and GROUND Wire BLACK to LOW in SHORT CIRCUIT The system supply must have ground socket Otherwise the unit could be damaged or the test will be not correct Figure 5 15 Menu for unit connection and wiring to the transformer 44 a 5 SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION When UM2B unit is powered on the connection will be established between this and the PC This may take a few seconds during which time the program will indicate that it is attempting to connect to the UM2B unit Figure 5 16 CONNECTING Figure 5 16 Message indicating the PC is attempting to establish communications with the unit ATTENTION For correct operation of the equipment it is very important that all the conditions listed in this window are met Once all the conditions are met the OK and NEXT buttons will be enabled 45 5 SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION 5 3 5 Measurements Recovery Voltage Software The measurement of both the recovery voltage and the insulation resistance are performed in this section The upper part of the measurement screen Figure 5 17 includes a graphic that will show the recovery voltage throughout the test The lower left hand part of the screen shows information on the insulation resistance at two moments in time minutes 1 and 10 as well as the polarization index and ti
29. accomplished with the series cable connected to the serial communications port of the PC 23 Mzee 4 PREPARATIONS BEFORE TO USE Safety check The equipment to be measured should be checked to ensure that it is duly isolated from the external connection lines and completely discharged Connection of high voltage cables to UM2B The high voltage cables should first be connected to the unit 8 Next choose measurement configuration to perform test The phases of each winding high low will be put on short circuit The phases may be interconnected by means of bare copper wire if the distances are short and there is no risk of short circuiting to ground otherwise a proper insulating cable should be used Finally connect positive negative terminal according to software indications A Never remove high voltage connectors during test Figure 4 2 Configuration of the test V max 2000 V de I max 5mA Installation CAT II For properly measuring the cables must be completely stretched until the measurement point without creases or anyway that these have a radius not under 200 mm 24 ihres 4 PREPARATIONS BEFORE TO USE While measuring the cables must not be stepped moved or hit because the measurements could be altered specially when measuring high quality insulations due to the piezoelectric effect of the cable and the weak measured currents If it is possible put these cables par
30. age to the equipment or to persons if the appropriate precautions are not taken 1509001 UNITRONICS S A U is an ISO9001 certified company The equipment meets the requirements of the EU Directives UM2B Recovery Voltage Meter User Manual June 2008 Fifth Edition UM2B User Manual V3_0CE doc Copyright 2008 UNITRONICS URL http www unitronics electric com All rights reserved The reproduction of any part of this manual is prohibited without authorization The contents of this manual may be changed without prior notice luso GUARANTEE GUARANTEE All equipment produced by UNITRONICS has a standard warranty period of 12 months as from the date of delivery to the customer The warranty is against defects in materials and workmanship UNITRONICS obligation shall be to repair or replace defective products within the warranty period The warranty covers the equipment It does not cover accessories such as cables etc In order to benefit from this warranty the purchaser should inform UNITRONICS or his closest representative see section 8 of the defect prior to the completion of the warranty period This warranty does not cover any defect fault or damage caused by misuse or inadequate maintenance by the purchaser nor non authorized modifications or use outside the specifications Neither does 1t cover faults caused by natural disasters including fire flood earthquake etc Any opening of the equipment mod
31. allel and nearest between them to avoid interferences If the shell of the machine to be analyzed is grounded a check should be made to ensure that this is the same ground as the one of the PC supply and the measuring unit To accomplish this join these two points with a plaited cable of adequate cross section ALL THE GROUNDS USED IN TESTING SHOULD BE INTERCONNECTED Connection of UM2B equipment to electrical mains This connection is accomplished by running the power cable from 5 to a mains socket The supply voltage should be checked to ensure that it is within the operating limits see chapter 9 Specifications and a check should made to ensure that the socket has an operative ground Once the different parts of the equipment have been connected the PC should be switched on and the control software executed Following this it will be sufficient to follow the instructions as they appear on the PC screen Consequently the UM2B unit should be turned on when this software so requires 4 THE UM2B UNIT SHOULD NOT BE TURNED ON UNTIL THIS IS INDICATED BY THE CONTROL SOFTWARE WARNING If the equipment is used outside manufacturer s specifications the security could be altered 25 ihres 4 PREPARATIONS BEFORE TO USE 4 3 Disconnection of equipment ATTENTION The cabling should be handled with great care since high voltage direct current is involved There are moments during the test in which the equipmen
32. ample the tests performed on voltage transformer 123456 of the manufacturer Uniravis will be kept in the following sub directory C SSAGEN_WIN Ensayos TRVUNIRA 1234561 and those performed on power transformer 654321 belonging to the company ARK in the sub directory 36 luso 5 SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION C SSAGEN_WIN Ensayos TRPARK__654321 There will be the same number of sub directories in C SAGEN_WIN Ensayos as there are machines that have been tested In each sub directory a series of files will be generated which will have a nomenclature structure similar to that of the sub directories These files will have a 3 character extension 0 to 999 and will each contain a test on the same machine The files that will be generated are as follows TDRTTTFFFFFNNNN nnn This file will be used to record all the data on the complete test in Excel format and text mode with tabulators medTDRTTTFFFFFNNNN nnn This file is used exclusively by the program and contains all the test data It cannot be edited by the operator TTTFFFFFNNNN cab This file is used to record all the technical data on the transformer It cannot be edited by the operator A temporary file will also be generated automatically in C SAGEN_WIN Ensayos whenever a process is completed This file which is called medTDRTTTFFFFFNNNN tnn serves as a back up in the event of anomalous failure of the system such that the program may continue at the la
33. and generated A LVOV a 2000V 1 digits test voltage Max current 5 mA Test voltage measurement 0 2000 V 1 3 digits Recovery voltage measurement 0 1000 V 13 3 digits 2000 V IMQ 100GQO 3 3 digits ao measurement 2000 V 100GQ 200 GQ 5 3 digits 2000 V 200 GQ 2 TQ 20 3 digits 5 35 C Operation temperature A D 5 75 C Storage temperature 41 167 F Storage humidity Table 9 3 Unit specifications In determined conditions of presence of transitory phenomenon with respect to earth it may appear variations in the measure Then the test should be re initialized or repeated The equipment complies with EU Directives applicable to electric and electronic equipment destined to industrial environments with category II of installation 9 luso 9 SPECIFICATIONS 9 4 Minimum control PC requirements PC Based on Pentium 200 MHz processor or better Operating System MS Windows 95 MS Windows 98 or MS Windows NT 4 with Service Pack 4 or better RAM 32 MB RAM VGA colour monitor Floppy disk drive CD ROM drive SS NSSX 9 5 Additional specifications Other characteristics Power on indicator Luminous test voltage indicator 4 values Luminous indicator of active communication with PC Control of output voltage by use of programmable voltage source controlled from PC Parameters used Reco
34. as there are tests in the directory SAGEN_WIN Ensayos the test search function shown in Figure 5 31 will appear SEARCH TEST x SERIAL NUMBER 51032 bd GENERAL ELECTRIC w MACHINE TYPE Distribution Transformer v rSearch by Serial Number fe Serial Number fe Automatic List Gal x Manufacturer amp Machine Type Manual Edition OPEN FILE CANCEL Figure 5 31 Test search If the search is performed by manufacturing No it may be performed manually or automatically If automatic a menu will appear when this control is clicked on showing the serial numbers of the machines tested and the rest of the fields will be filled in automatically If the search is performed manually the serial number has to be input If any test on this transformer is found the rest of the fields will be filled in otherwise they will be left blank indicating that there is no test on this machine If the search is performed by manufacturer and machine type it will be highlighted in a gray box in this zone and when one of these fields is clicked on A menu will appear with the manufacturers or types of machines If when one of these is selected the field is not 53 ense oe 5 SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION filled in automatically it will be because no test has been performed on a machine having the selected characteristics If the field is filled in there may be various transformers with these character
35. asured 46 unitronics 5 SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION WARNING MESSAGE Figure 5 18 Warning message INSULATION RESISTANCE RECOVERY VOLTAGE AND INSULATION R MEASUREMENT x Insulation Resistance Gohms 41 7E 0 35 0E 0 30 0E 0 25 0E 0 20 0E 0 15 4E 0 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 3 10 Time Minutes o 1000w Measure Charge s Discharge s Inst Recovery A TEST VOLTAGE Y votas Y 14 pih 819 Po 409 a Recovery Voltage INSULATION R 1 MIN 17 166 Gonm at 4096Seg 24118 ES J Bea y Tae 0 0 00 0 00 INSULATION R 10 MIN 37 873 Gonm pees a r A Test Time 46 9 min 14 o00 31283 POLARIZATION INDEX ios p5 T x z mE a ee el X z TIME CONSTANT 124 530 5 BACK MEASUREMENT CANCEL Figure 5 19 a Measurement Screen Recovery Voltage 47 luso 5 SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION Insulation Resistance Software ETPRA In this screen is performed the measurement of insulation resistance The upper part of the measurement screen Figure 5 19 b includes a graphic that will show the evolution of the insulation resistance throughout the test The lower left hand part of the screen shows information on the insulation resistance at two moments in time minutes 1 and 10 as well as the polarization index and test voltage To the right are two indicators one indicates the complete elapsed time including the ma
36. ations Recovery Voltage and Insulation Resistance will be described together because of their similarity detailing when appear the differences or particularities that offer the Insulating Resistance software ETPRA The main menu of the application offers basically two operating options Test performance Test Analysis of results Analysis E T P RECOVERY VOLTAGE UM 2 Main Menu Test Analysis Assistant Remarks Report About Exit Select an option q E Test Ident Technical Data Measurement Contig Connections Measurement gt m gt amp gt R gt gt a Select File Technical Data Recovery Voltage Peak Time Insulation R gt gt D gt P gt O gt m Figure 5 2 Main menu of the UM2B test recovery voltage For performance of the test a series of data identifying the machine is required this being provided by the operator Subsequently it will be possible to carry out an analysis of the results based on the voltages measured and the performance of a series of calculations Also provided is a series of utilities such as a file copy assistant or a notepad for test or analysis events 28 ihrer 5 SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION 5 2 Hardware dongle Configuration menu The first step to carry out before executing the application is to place the security key dongle supplied in the parallel port of the PC LPT1 In the case of not connecting it the software will only allow you to carry
37. be detected e degradation of solid dielectric e degradation of liquid dielectric e contamination of the insulation Almost all these methods have a peculiarity the absolute values of the parameters measured are not usually sufficiently indicative for the results to be evaluated Rather it is their evolution that provides the best information on the status of the winding as a result of which it is particularly useful for the results to be memorized and incorporated into databases for correlation This leads to the definition of a predictive maintenance policy consisting of the scheduling at a suitable frequency of a series of routine and easily performed tests that provide sufficient information on the evolution of the assembly through the analysis of certain parameters When these analyses detect rapidly evolving situations or when average values considered to be potentially hazardous are reached other more complex testing techniques will be applied which may imply the unavailability of the machine for long periods or even some risk for the integrity of the winding The objective of this type of maintenance is to gain accurate insight into the actual status of the equipment or component and depending on its condition to determine what course of action would be most appropriate continue normal operation impose certain limitations undertake service or repairs or finally undertake replacement In other words the aim is not only to limi
38. chine s discharge time and the other the time it will take to measure the insulation resistance This last one will pause at the moment in which the unit is performing the measurement When arriving zero the test will be over INSULATION RESISTANCE TEST 10 min x 3 29 _ 3200 280 o S 260 o 240 B 220 E 200 4 1 80 SS 2 1 80 1 40 1 16 1 5 6 7 8 Time Minutes ls TEST VOLTAGE 500 Es Passed Charge Time s DA sa Test Time INSULATION R 1 MIN 1 29 AS 4 107 M INSULATION R 10 MIN 299 leona ir z eee i POLARIZATION INDEX 2941 e NA x E acn E EROS MBE ELSA E Figure 5 19 b Measurement Screen Insulation Resistance 48 hirren 5 SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION To initiate measurement click on the EVA button and in case the high or low voltage of the machine in function in the connection mode is inferior than the test voltage selected by the user the following warning message will be shown Figure 5 20 WARNING MESSAGE a x It s recommended the test voltage isn t greater than the voltage on high Do you want to continue o m m0 Figure 5 20 Warning message Subsequently the program will undertake calibration of the UM2B showing the message that appears in Figure 5 21 throughout the process The indicator bar shows the time last in seconds CALIBRATING
39. ctive maintenance system for which it meets the following requirements e Automatic measuring system In order to avoid errors due to acquisition times manipulation and corrections caused by the ambient conditions and the conditions of the machine at the moment of measurement Repeatability of the measures The system warranties that the readings obtained over time have been acquired in the same way and under the same degree of accuracy and tolerance This will allow the evolution of the readings to be studied Automatic and organized storage of results This allows the information obtained to be handled in a very simple manner e Updateable system The system has been developed such that whatever new software development might arise it may be implemented with the same hardware elements e Acquisition of key parameters The system automatically calculates certain parameters and graphics for the diagnosis of machine status e Non destructive testing If suitably handled there is no risk of damage to the winding during testing luso 3 UM2B EQUIPMENT 2 2 Test characteristics The test to be used should be performed with a view to the following The tests should be easy to perform allowing for performance by suitably trained personnel from the facility without the need for specialists e The tests should not imply any risk for the equipment to be tested e The tests should not imply excessive unavailability and if po
40. ectors at the M8ATOL other The polarity is indicated by the color of the clips and connectors red for positive and black for negative These must be shielded Figure 3 5 High voltage cables with power clips 16 a 3 UM2B EQUIPMENT BCL00 Cable transport bag Figure 3 6 Transport bag SOFUM2BRBWXXX ICD with equipment control software UM2BMUXX The present user manual Four power sockets protected against voltage surges differential currents and overcurrent This incorporates a voltmeter for direct RAFVDM00 ee nae a verification of the supply voltage indicator of ground connection and terminals for ground connection Figure 3 7 Power Socket 17 hitene 3 UM2B EQUIPMENT Rigid transport case with reinforced external protection and internal l padded lining of high density foam rubber Figure 3 8 Transport Case 18 lero to Led 3 UM2B EQUIPMENT 3 3 Physical description of equipment Figure 3 9 shows a drawing of the UM2B unit the upper part corresponding to the front panel and the lower to the rear panel The function of each element of the unit is described below Recovery Voltage Meter Test Voltage 2000v O 1500 O 10004 UNITHONICS UM2B O sov High voltage O A o a Figure 3 9 Front and rear panel of the unit 19 ihres 3 UM2B EQUIPMENT Test voltage indicator This acts as a voltmeter indicating the
41. em for a specific use This may never be below that required by the official and technical regulations for each such use Equivalent to the term Admissible State Phase Each of the single phase currents that make up a multiple phase system This term usually includes the conductors windings etc Phase winding Set of spirals forming a multiple phase winding Power Product of the voltage applied to a circuit by the current circulating in it This is measured in watts W Predictive Maintenance Preventive maintenance based on knowledge of the status of an item through the periodic or continuous measurement of a significant parameter The intervention of Maintenance is conditioned to the prompt detection of symptoms of failure Preventive Maintenance Maintenance consisting of performing certain repairs or changes to components or parts on the basis of previously established time intervals or certain criteria to reduce the probability of failure or loss of performance of an item This is always scheduled Rack Frame supporting electronic equipment Recovery voltage It is the voltage that appears on the terminals of a dielectric previous charged and it was applied a short circuit in it for a determined time 105 ihres APPENDIX D GLOSSARY Report Documentation resulting from the performance of a test Resistance Opposition of a conductor to the flow of current Regulator Device capable of modifying the number of t
42. ensured Item System sub system installation plant machine equipment structure building assembly component or part that may be considered individually and that allows for separate revision or testing LED Abbreviation of Light Emitting Diode This is a diode that emits light of a certain wavelength when polarized Machine Complex unit of higher order made up of assemblies components and parts grouped to form a functional system Equivalent to the term equipment Magnetic package All the elements that make up the electromagnetic coupler that transforms electrical energy into magnetic energy for this in turn to be transformed into mechanical energy rotating machines or once again into electricity transformers Maintenance Set of technical and administrative activities aimed at conserving or replacing an item in to conditions allowing it to perform its function Maintenance Policy Strategy governing the decisions of the management of a maintenance organization Mass Point of reference in an electrical circuit Modification Partial change of the design of an item Neutral Point of a symmetrical system of voltages where the potential is normally zero 104 iher APPENDIX D GLOSSARY Non destructive test Test performed on a machine applying a voltage lower than the manufacturer s recommended maximum Part Parts making up a component gaskets bolts Permissible condition The admissible state of an it
43. equivalent circuit there will be a multitude of such elements in order to reflect the distributed nature of this behavior The test to be performed aims to determine the equivalent time constants Rp Cp the measure and evolution of which are determining factors as regards the current and future status of the dielectric The test consists of inserting over a time T a previously established voltage of up to 2 kV Following this time a short circuit is performed on the sample for a time T 2 and finally the evolution of the recovery voltage appearing is recorded This process cycle is repeated for multiples of T and the maximum recovery voltages associated with each interval or cycle are used to graph a curve on which would be shown in a T time axis of application and maximum tension in the other axis Above the mentioned dots a fitting curve is drawn Then each time constants Rp Cp should appear as a maximum on the graph Figure 2 1 Dielectric equivalent circuit When a high voltage generator DC voltage is applied to a dielectric the current across the insulation shows the following behavior as plotted in figure 2 2 10 luso 3 UM2B EQUIPMENT The short circuit is removed and D 3 measurement is E performed Application of H Y voltage to ace OX ig iVreab sample a El 4 cycles eal 10T log lt 1 2 3 ON pc Short circuiting of the sample Figure 2 2 Desc
44. est should be the one with the UM2B unit It is necessary for the PC s screen saver to be deactivated and the low consumption mode disabled prior to beginning a test To perform a test click on the Test button on the main menu The system will be initialized which may take several seconds During this time the message shown in Figure 5 4 will appear 31 gt ieee to id 5 SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION UPDATING REGISTER Figure 5 4 Starting message This button is used to initiate a new test regardless of the stage of program execution If a test was already being performed the system will ask for confirmation of the intention to begin a new test Figure 5 5 WARNING MESSAGE x Test over are you sure you want to start again O m6 m0 Figure 5 5 Warning of new test If the analysis of a previous test were being performed and this were interrupted nothing will happen unless any value that might affect the analysis had been modified in which case a screen such as the one shown in Figure 5 6 will appear WARNING MESSAGE x Do you want to save changes Figure 5 6 Warning to save changes 32 ihres 5 SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION It then checks for the existence of incomplete tests which are considered to be those that have not been finished e g interruption of power supply The program offers the possibility of continuing with incomplete tests elimi
45. g Voltage 116 4 116 4 4 BAC CANCEL PRINT Time _ 8192 20 Ja Su Curve Type Linear Interpolated Both d Figure 5 40 Recovery graph both plot 58 5 SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION 5 4 4 Peak time This screen is very similar to the previous one but instead of showing the recovery voltage it is shown the time a dot it takes to the dielectric to arrive to each cycle s maximum recovery voltage sample In this case the operator cannot move around the graphic but as in the previous case the rise time to the recovery maximum at different cycles of the test is shown to the right ANALYSIS CAPACITY PEAK TIME x cc SAGEN_WIN Ensayos T RDCOTRA20864 T DRTRDCOTRA20864 0 FILE es i 8 Time Base 0 025 s ado rT OL I voltage 1995 Y T Time of Process 03 11 06 hh mm ss Time Constant 635 9 S J 20 ae Connect HVILV GND Polarization Index 1 46 Temperature 10 00 100 00 i 00 10000 00 Time Seconds 0 10 1 00 y a BACK CANCEL PRINT Figure 5 41 Analysis Recovery peak time 59 ihrer 5 SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION 5 4 5 Insulation resistance Recovery Voltage Software This screen figure 5 42 a shows the insulation resistance evolution referred to 20 C Consequently if the temperature of the transformer is different the program will carry out a co
46. g has a regulator adjuster there will be an additional series of parameters TYPE Model of regulator adjuster This is defined on the nameplate MANUFACTURER Name of regulator adjuster manufacturer N OF OPERATIONS Number of times that the position of the transformer regulator has been modified in operation modifications undergone during test performance do not count REGULATION Type of regulator May be under load a switching regulator or under cover No OF POSITIONS Number of regulations positions of the regulator adjuster STEP Increase in magnitude between one position and the next This may be defined in volts or in percentage terms with respect to the rated voltage If define in percentage terms the increase may not exceed 100 if this occurs an error message appears Figure 5 13 AQ lero to ga 5 SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION Ea x The field step of tap changer from Primary Is out of range Ea Figure 5 13 Warning for limit of step voltage NOMINAL POSITION Regulator adjuster tap to which the nominal magnitudes of the transformer voltage current etc refer No OF CENTRAL POSITIONS Number of positions for the nominal position maximum of 6 Normally there will be one only If there is more than one the nomenclature will consist of the central position plus a letter indicating the number of the central position For example 12a 1
47. he level of magnitude between input and output similar to a transformer but with the difference that it consists of a single coil with an intermediate tap as a result of which there is a common part between the coils Availability Capacity of an item to perform its function at a given moment or over a given period of time under defined conditions and at a defined level of performance Breakdown Disappearance of the capacity of an item to perform its specific function Equivalent to the term failure Bridge Resistance of low value used to form short circuits 101 a APPENDIX D GLOSSARY Bushing Conducting element aimed at connecting a winding to external conductors Capacity Physical property that allows for the storage of electrical charges between two insulated conductors separated by a dielectric subjected to different potential Chassis Set of elements forming the physical support for a system or item of equipment Cleaning Removal or reduction of dirt slag waste material rust or incrustations in order for an item to work under better conditions of use Coil Conducting assembly in charge of inductive magnetic coupling Component Unit belonging to an assembly that is not generally functional by itself and is formed by parts turbine rotor bearing cylinder of an engine Conductor Material that allows an electrical current to pass continuously when subjected to a difference in potential Corrosion De
48. he temperature of the test or did not know that moment the test temperature So entering the temperature all the measurements would appear compensated to that value Take to the screen the real measurement taken by the unit If the user wishes the measurement without any compensation just have to enter the value 20 20 C This way will get the actual uncompensated temperature Insulation Resistance measurement is performed taking one sample each minute in 10 minutes tests and each ten seconds in I minute last tests ANALYSIS INSULATION RESISTANCE REFERED TO 20 C ES FILE CASAGEN_WIN Ensayos TRDABB__5822 RATRDABB__5822 0_ Pena T Time of Process 00 10 39 hh mm ss Refrigeration OIL Test Voltage 500 E Test Time 10 m al MEN e Connect HV 7 LV GND Polarization Index 2 31 INSULATION R BACK CANCEL OK Figure 5 42 b Analysis Graph of insulation resistance Insulation Resistance SW 61 lero to Led 5 SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION 5 5 Test duplication assistant Given the number of files involved in the test and in order to facilitate the work of the operator as regards their storage the program incorporates a utility that allows tests to be copied to a location different from that originally used by the program with the possibility for both the point of origin and the destination to be fixed flexible or
49. ification repair or attempt to repair performed without authorization shall invalidate this warranty which shall automatically be left void This warranty is effective only for the original purchaser of the product and is not transferable in the event of resale Warranty extensions and maintenance contracts are available for both the hardware and software Please ask for information from the commercial department of your nearest representative see section 8 luso 1 INTRODUCTION 1 INTRODUCTION This unit has been especially developed to facilitate the measurement of recovery voltage in dielectrics This measurement is especially significant in the case of transformer dielectrics where the equipment provides an interpretation of the possible degree of humidity in the insulation and its evolution with time In paper oil dielectrics the quality of the insulation is influenced to a large degree by it s humidity content In any case the unit is capable of evaluating the status of dielectrics of all types both in rotating machines and in transformers cables and other devices Gaining insight into the status of transformers is a complex problem For this reason different techniques have been developed allowing in depth studies to be performed on the different parts into which transformers may be divided One of the methods used consists of measuring the recovery voltage of transformers this allowing problems such as the following to
50. igure 5 46 a First page of the report Recovery Voltage 65 ihien 5 SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION Brighton Feb 9th 2001 Previous test shown evident signs of humidity After drying process of oil this new shows that the transformer recovered high functionality REMARKS It is adviced to review the winding clean and fix Alan Waller Workshop manager TEST DATE 02 09 01 dd mm yy TIME BASE 100 0 me TOTAL TEST TIME HV LV TERC GND CYCLES NUMBER HV LV GND c REFRIGERATION DRY TIME CONSTANT POLARIZATION INDEX TEST VOLTAGE k RE N a N o o o s w o w za S f Figure 5 47 a Second page of report Recovery Voltage 66 Wee 5 SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION DOO Recoveryvortaee 7 305 7 Recovery Voltage volts 6 57 0 1 250 0 200 0 150 0 100 0 50 0 i 1 0 10 0 400 0 4000 0 Time Seconds ERO ee 127 4 100 0 80 0 Peak Time ms 1 1 0 10 0 100 0 1000 0 Time Seconds 41 66 35 00 Insulation Resistance Ohms N N wo o a o o o o A 15 00 13 00 gt 5 6 7 8 9 10 Time in minutes Figure 5 48 Third page of
51. ilable Manufacturer x Please input manufacturer Figure 5 9 Enter manufacturer s name MACHINE TYPE The type of machine is selected from a list that cannot be modified by the operator ls ihrer 5 SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION FUNCTION The function of the transformer within the installation PLACE The name of the installation e g Brighton thermal power plant is selected from a list If the facility in question does not appear a new one may be input using the other option TECHNICAL LOCATION The location of the machine within the facility e g pump house is selected from a list If the location in question does not appear a new one may be input using the other option USER The name of the operator performing the test is selected from a list If the operator in question does not appear a new one may be input using the other option INSTRUMENT UM2B Serial number of the UM2B with which the test is performed DATE DD MM YY Date of the test The program checks that this date is correct In all those fields in which new items may be added to a list it is also possible to delete them by locating the mouse cursor over the item in question and clicking with the right hand button Figure 5 10 The introduction of all these data is obligatory in other words all the data should be correctly input for the program to allow the process to continue Delete xi
52. ill be performed at test voltage values agree with the working voltage of the machines to be tested in order not to cause degradation to their insulations Previous charge effect A factor that affects insulation and dielectric absorption measurements is the preliminary presence of a previous charge in the insulation This charge may come from the normal operation of a generator with its neutral not grounded or from previous insulation resistance measurements A lot of time may be saved if the generator winding is grounded until such time as the test is to be performed The duration of this grounding should be around four times the charge period of the previous test Measuring cables In view of the weak currents involved in the measurement and its special characteristics it is important to take into account the following as regards the cables Do not tread on cables or knock or move them during testing Locate the cables extended without bending or folding as close as possible and in parallel throughout their entire length Should be in perfect condition and checked for use 12 luso 3 UM2B EQUIPMENT 2 4 ETPRA Data interpretation It follows interesting details if you have available the Insulation Resistance Measurement Software ETPRA From the exam of the circuit of figure 2 1 it states that to discharge Cg you only need to short circuit the dielectric terminals but to discharge Cpx it will be required a time pr
53. is located in the folder of the same name under Start lt Programs TEST AND ANALYSIS SYSTEM OF ELECTRIC MACHINES Moin Mem Measure I Wires Huge Wires General Config About Exit ERE ROTATIVE MACHINES POWER TRANSFORMERS MEASUREMENT TRANSF WIRES HUGE WIRES GENERAL POWER T FOR UM 1 UM 2 _DIAGNOSTIC TRANSFORMER RECOVERY INSULATION TURNS VOLTAGE RESISTANCE ETP DIAGHELP my WINDING RESISTANCE SHORT CIRCUIT IMPEDANCE El Figure 5 1 Test menu for power transformers This screen shows all the tests that may be performed on the different machines and or components If any of the options is shown disabled it will be because the customer does not have the corresponding application which he may acquire at any time see chapter 8 and appendix B The UM2B unit is delivered with the application Recovery Voltage and it s available another optional application Insulation Resistance 27 lero to 5 SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION In this case the tab entitled POWER TRAFO or MEASURING TRAFO or the corresponding icon at the top of the screen should be selected Then click on the icon corresponding to the UM2B and the Recovery Voltage program will be launched Figure 5 2 or the Insulation Resistance ETPRA if available This last one will have the same menu to Figure 5 2 but without the icon s Recovery Voltage and Peak Time From this moment both applic
54. istics and the one desired should be selected by clicking on the tab of the manufacturing number Once the machine to be analyzed has been selected click on the E button and the file selector will appear Figure 5 32 this may be used to select the test to be analyzed for this machine rei C SAGEN_WIN Ensayos TRPUNIRA28064 y Eind ini TRPUNIRA28064 El fem la TORTRPUNIRA28064 0 a TORTRPUNIRA28064 1 la TORTRPUNIRA28064 2 la TORTRPUNIRA28064 3 la TORTRPUNIRA28064 4 la TORTRPUNIRA28064 5 Fie name MER Fie ype a caro Figure 5 32 Selector of files to analyze Following the selection of the test this is loaded into the memory by clicking twice on the test itself or on the Load button Prior to doing this the program checks that it is actually a UM2B test file if this is the case it is loaded in the memory otherwise the program informs that it is an incorrect file Figure 33 and offers the possibility of choosing another Figure 5 32 ERROR MESSAGE x Income fle selected EE DE Figure 5 33 Warning for incorrect file 54 see 5 SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION 5 4 2 Transformer technical data Once a test has been loaded the program displays a screen Figure 5 34 which shows the data identifying the test in its upper part and technical data on the machine in the lower For more information on the meaning of these data refer to section 5 3 2 Although these data are mere
55. libration repair If after having revised chapter 7 Troubleshooting the equipment is concluded to need repair calibration it is essential that the following instructions are adhered to 1 Copy and fill in the sheets that appear on the following pages and attach them to the equipment 2 Pack the equipment or accessories using an appropriate transport container When returning the equipment for repair the most appropriate thing is to send the complete system 1 e the measuring unit and cables In any case contact the technical service 83 luso 8 TECHNICAL SUPPORT CLIENT DATA COMPANY Client No Address City P C Province Contact person e mail Telephone Fax EQUIPMENT DATA UM2B serial No Date of acquisition Date of last adjustment calibration Date of last revision repair Reason for returning _ Calibration Calibration certificate required _ Repair Fill in only in case of problems Is the equipment under warranty C Yes C No Date on which fault occurred Fault detected in equipment Power LED does not light up One of the test voltage indicator LED s does not light up Fuse has blown repeatedly No connection established between PC and equipment PC communications cable deteriorated High voltage cables deteriorated Equipment broken down Others A ED TT Et a E 84 luso 8 TECHNICAL SUPPORT Description of fault Materials returned Table 8 1
56. lity of different applications on one same hardware support implies a series of advantages with respect to traditional instrumentation the following being particularly outstanding Unification of measuring systems Common database for all tests Hardware items common to all the systems Reduction of instrumentation costs Ease in handling guided operation Instructions and menus in English Straightforward maintenance and possibility for modifications Graphic results display Preliminary automatic results assessment Trends analysis Simplification of calculations 95 liceos APPENDIX C OTHER UNITRONICS EQUIPMENTS C 1 Available applications EDAIII analysis of motor and alternator insulations Figure C 1 Figure C 1 Photograph of EDAIII equipment ETP evaluation of power transformers UMIB measurement of transformation ratio Figure C 2 Figure C 2 Photograph of UMIB equipment 96 liese APPENDIX C OTHER UNITRONICS EQUIPMENTS UM2B measurement of recovery voltage and insulation Figure C 3 Figure C 3 Photograph of UM2B equipment UM3B measurement of winding resistance Figure C 4 Figure C 4 Photograph of UM3B equipment 97 hter APPENDIX C OTHER UNITRONICS EQUIPMENTS UMSB Short circuit impedance Figure C 5 Figure C 5 Photograph of UM3B equipment RAFVDM Power Socket Supply earth detecting Figure C 6 Figure C 6
57. los 6 EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE 6 3 Check of high voltage cables able to provide very high voltage then THE CABLES SHOULD BE IN PERFECT STATE TO AVOID ELECTRIC SHOCKS OR A To check the HIGH VOLTAGE cable they should be disconnected so of the unit like of the equipment under test The equipment UM2B is A ERRORS AND IMPRECISION IN THE MEASURES When an anomaly is detected in the cables or you want to verify its correct state you can do this simple test We only need a multimeter that indicates us the electric continuity or discontinuity To check each cable we will come in the following way 1 Disconnect the high voltage cable in their both ends 2 Check the discontinuity between active and body We take the high voltage s connector that goes into the UM2B unit We place one multimeter test tip in contact with the connector s interior tip active and the other multimeter test tip in contact with the connector s metallic cover Multimeter should say discontinuity Figure 6 1 Discontinuity check between active and body 16 ense to id 6 EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE 3 Check the continuity between cable ends We take the high voltage s connector that goes into the UM2B unit and the clip of the other cable end We place one multimeter test tips in contact with the connector s interior tip active and the other multimeter test tips in contact with the clamp that is in the other cable end The multimeter should sa
58. ly informative the operator may change them with the exception of the data identifying the test This is indicated by the background of the indicators if the background is yellow the field cannot be modified if it is white the data may be changed This is valid for the entire analysis The name of the file subject to analysis is shown all the time in the upper part of the screen TECHNICAL DATA Eg FILE C SAGEN_WIN Ensayos TRDGENER51032 T DRT RDGENER51032 1 TECHNICAL SITE Substation Il C SITE Brighton MADE BY John Barlow DATE 10 10 01 UMSERIALN2 00227 MACHINE Distribution Transformer MANUFACTURER GENERAL ELECTRIC j FUNCTION Stadium supply SERIAL N 51032 TYPE 20 50 24 No Tertiary Tertiary Transformer Single phase Autotransformer Three phase REFRIGERATION OIL v MANUFACTURE Y 1979 POWER MYA 20 000 NOMINAL Vee 0 390 ad pe High Voltage Low Voltage Tertiary PHASE VOLTAGE KV 20 000 CURRENT 0 050 SELECTOR v HIGH VOLTAGE HANDLING N 24 TYPE POWER Switch MANUFACTURER GENERAL ELECTRIC SATE TAPS N a5 STEP ved 0000 NOMINAL TAP E 1 CENTRAL TAP N E 3 ACK CANCEL E R Figure 5 34 Analysis screen technical data On all screens in which the button appears there is the possibility of printing the current screen or the complete test report Figure 5 35 For more information on report
59. may be chosen Linear curve Figure 5 38 on which each point sampled is connected to the adjacent points by a straight line Interpolated curve Figure 5 39 where the points are and Both Figure 5 40 with the linear and interpolated curves connected by curves displayed on the same graphic 5 SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION Linear Voltage Axis Logarithmic Voltage Axis Recovery Voltage volts 10 00 Time Seconds 100 00 1000 00 10000 00 ANALYSIS RECOVERY VOLTAGE x FILE CASAGEN_ _WIN Ensayos TRDCOTRA20864 TDRTRDCOTRA20864 0 Time Base 0 025 a s az FOE ee voltage 1995 w T Time of Process 03 11 06 hh mm ss Pe _ Time Constant 635 9 Sg Temperature eee _ 20 ra c Connect HWLY GND Polarization Index E 46 X E Y lt Q Voltage 116 4 BAC CANCEL PRINT Time 824 33 _824 33 Sa Curve Type Linear Interpolated f Both Figure 5 39 Recovery graph Interpolated plot Lin ic Volt Recovery Voltage volts ANALYSIS RECOVERY VOLTAGE x FILE cASAGEN iN reas TROCOTRAZISEANTORTRDCOTRAZIEEL 0 p Time Base 0 025 Refrigeration EG Ol Test Voltage 1995 lv T Time of Process th 11 06 la hh mm ss _ Time Constant 635 9 Sg Temperature 20 o c Connect HVILY GND Polarization Index Mra 10 00 100 00 1000 00 10000 00 E J
60. me constant when them can be computed To the right is the recovery voltage at each moment of the measurement and indicators showing the number of cycles remaining to be performed the time that has elapsed since initiation of the test and the time remaining for completion of the current cycle RECOVERY VOLTAGE AND INSULATION R MEASUREMENT Eg RECOVERY VOLTAGE Recovery Voltage volts 10 0 Time Seconds 1000w Measure Charge s le ot la j 2001 m Inst s TEST VOLTAGE voltage Pye Time 192 9 Z 819 20 409 60 Recovery ame INSULATION R 1 MIN _ 17 55 Gonm 319 2 Sec 192 8 85 a Py INSULATION R 10 MIN sg pl _ 38 75 6O0hm Test Time 60 3 Min 9 00 0 00 a POLARIZATION INDEX 2 2 y a Y TIME CONSTANT 966 la moo gt ___ _ gt 96 6 Ss BACK MEASUREMENT CANCEL OK Figure 5 17 Screen for test evolution Recovery Voltage The number of cycles that the test will last depends on the time base selected in configuration of the measurement if this is large the number of cycles will be smaller If the charge time in one of the cycles is greater than 10 min the software takes advantage to measure insulation resistance Figure 5 19 a If it was not measured at the end of the test the software will ask the user if he wishes to do it Figure 5 18 It will also be asked for if the user cancels the test and the resistance was not me
61. nating all incomplete tests or beginning a new test Figure 5 7 There are unfinished tests If you want to carry out a new test press CANCEL or lt Esc gt If you want to delete all temporary files press DELETE or lt F2 gt If you want to continue with the test press OPEN FILE or lt F1 gt ri OPEN FILE Figure 5 7 Warning of incomplete tests 5 3 1 Test identification When the operator decides to perform a test the first thing he should do is identify the transformer on which it is to be carried out which will serve to give a name to the file containing the test data Test identification This identification is carried out on the basis of the following data as shown in Figure 5 8 33 leo ts ga 5 SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION TEST IDENT DATA Ea SERIALNUMBER 52013 MANUFACTURER BROWN BOVERI MACHINE TYPE Distribution Transformer TRD FUNCTION Stadium Supply SITE HIGHLANDS TECHNICAL SITE CENTRAL Mill n Casas INSTRUMENT UM 2 00227 Domm 09 25 01 A A CANCEL Figure 5 8 Test identification MANUFACTURING No Serial number of the transformer being tested MANUFACTURER The manufacturer is selected from a list If the manufacturer in question does not appear select other to input the name of the new manufacturer Figure 5 9 A similar window appears in all cases when the other option is ava
62. ning product if the equipment is very dirty or has been in store for some time After checking that the shell is completely dry use a soft dry cloth to clean ATENTION Never use alcohol or any other abrasive product to clean the shell since this may cause damage or decolouring 74 ihrer 6 EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE 6 2 Care of cables A The UM2B unit is capable of producing high voltages as a result of which THE CABLES SHOULD BE IN PERFECT ORDER TO AVOID THE DANGER OF ELECTRICAL SHOCK OR ERRORS AND INACCURACIES IN MEASUREMENT The cables and their condition should be periodically checked in order to detect beforehand any deterioration or breakage that might cause situations of danger for the operators and or malfunctioning of the equipment If the cables are damaged they should be sent for repair to an authorized technical service or new cables should be acquired see chapter 8 This is applicable also to the cable and unit connectors Special care should be taken with the serial cable for connection of the PC since it is in charge of controlling the unit It is very important not to tread on or move the cables during testing since this might alter the measurements especially at low current values very high measured resistances For properly measuring the cables must be completely stretched until the measurement point without creases or anyway that these have a radius not inferior than 200 mm 75 l
63. nth year DD MM AAAA or month day year MM DD AAAA Temperature Select the units used in the temperature Fahrenheit F or centigrade C Topology Select the nomenclature of the connection be it A B Cor U V W Once the system is configured press OK button to accept chosen configuration or CANCEL if you choose to refuse it 30 ihrer 5 SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION 5 3 Test performance Measurements performed using the UM2B system are accomplished OFF LINE out of service Consequently before beginning the test THE EQUIPMENT UNDER TEST SHOULD BE GUARANTEED TO BE FREE FROM VOLTAGE Before beginning the test the UM2B should already be connected to the PC by the series cable BUT THE UNIT SHOULD NOT BE TURNED ON UNTIL REQUESTED BY THE SOFTWARE no operation should be performed on the unit until the program checks that everything is correct prior to testing To perform good and reproductible results its is recommended that the device under test had maintained all it s phases ground connected the longest possible time before the test The minimun recommended length is of an hour or four times the length of the longest cycle of voltage insertion of a previous test This way the initial conditions are always the same and absorption capacitors see figure 2 1 could be considered discharged Also if tests with another measuring equipment are going to be performed it is therefore recommended that the first t
64. ntity of impurities present inside the dielectric Dielectric rigidity or breakdown potential Measurement of the resistance of a dielectric to dielectric rupture under the influence of strong electrical fields normally expressed in volts per centimeter Equipment Complex unit of higher order made up of assemblies components and parts grouped to form a functional system Equivalent to the term machine Emergency Maintenance Corrective maintenance required to avoid serious consequences Failure Loss of the capacity of an item to perform its specific function Equivalent to the term breakdown Fuse Device protecting apparatus against overload and short circuit conditions It contains a small cross section conductor that melts when subjected to an excessively intense current Ground Point of zero potential Not to be confused with mass History file Record of events breakdowns repairs and actuations in general concerning a given item Installation System made up of items that form a functional production or service unit 103 iher APPENDIX D GLOSSARY Insulation Substance of low electrical conductivity that contains few free charges capable of withstanding the influence of an electrical field The flow of current through such substances may be considered insignificant Insulation resistance Resistance of an insulating material to the passage of a current measured in the direction in which the insulation is to be
65. nversion to offer it at 20 C The measurement of insulation resistance is independent from the rest of the measurements the selected time base is not taken into account and is performed in a cycle of more than 10 min or at the end of the test with a sample taken every minute AN LISIS RESISTENCIA DE AISLAMIENTO REFERIDA A 20 C FICHERO c SAGEN_WIN Ensayos TRDLaybo5822 TDRTRDLayboS822 17 gt i Base de Tiempos i 0 100 s Refrigeraci n ACEITE v de Ensayo 1996 Y T Total del Ensayo 11 38 33 hh mm ss ete de Tiempo 1111 7 es ef 20 c peter ATIBT TIERRA Indice de Polarizaci n 2 24 R AISLAMIENTO gt Min Gohms A 3 pr 193 2 21120 5 3 29 4 E et ee 3 411 32 8 5 5 355 a EN 16 377 z7 jL 395 8 j 4039 ap 422 5 68 fio 37 e ANTERIOR CANCELAR ACEPTAR IMPRIMIR Figure 5 42 a Analysis Graph of insulation resistance Recovery Voltage SW 60 ihrer 5 SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION Insulation Resistance Software ETPRA This screen figure 5 42 b shows the insulation resistance evolution referred to 20 C taking into account the temperature of the transformer The field Temperature should have the value entered in Test configuration section while in Test phase This field can be edited to let the user Compensate to another temperature as the user forgot entering t
66. oportional to the time constant Rpx Cpx This means to say that if a transformer has not been phase grounded the required time to discharge that Cpx it will exist some residual charge that make hard to compare consecutive test of Insulation Resistance performed in the dielectric The software developed for UM2B unit accounts for this effect and let you perform a discharge period previous to the test that will make consecutive test easy to exactly compare Anyway in some case it could be appreciated slight differences between the insulation measurement performed with the Recovery Voltage software and the one performed with the Insulation Resistance software ETPRA This is due to that the Recovery Voltage measurement software uses one of the charging cycles longer than 10 minutes to measure insulation In this software the discharge conditions of that Cpx have been restricted enough not to make the test last too long and give accurate results This limit could offer slight measurement differences between both applications It is therefore recommendable to begin the test with the unit UM2B after having shorted the machine to test If it had been made previous test that short should last at least around four times the charge time of the last test 13 lero to Led 3 UM2B EQUIPMENT 3 UM2B EQUIPMENT 3 1 Description of the product The UM2B unit has been especially designed to determine the recovery voltage of single and or three phase
67. placing fuse 78 6 5 Storage and transport 79 7 TROUBLESHOOTING 80 8 TECHNICAL SUPPORT 83 8 1 Return for calibration repair 83 8 2 Ordering spares 86 8 3 Observations 86 8 4 Authorized representatives and technical services 89 9 SPECIFICATIONS 90 9 1 Electrical 90 9 2 Technical characteristics 91 9 3 Measurement Scales 91 9 4 Minimum control PC requirements 92 9 5 Additional specifications 92 APPENDIX A CE CONFORMITY DECLARATION 93 APPENDIX B CONTROL SOFTWARE INSTALLATION 94 APPENDIX C OTHER UNITRONICS EQUIPMENT 95 C 1 Available applications 96 APPENDIX D GLOSSARY 101 ihrer PROLOGUE PROLOGUE This instructions manual contains all the information required to start up and maintain the UM2B metering system The objective is to provide all the information required for a correct operation IMPORTANT Read the entire instructions manual before starting up the UM2B unit The information contained in this manual is considered to be as accurate as possible In any case UNITRONICS will accept no responsibility for direct or indirect damage arising as a result of misinterpretation inaccuracies or omissions therein Ai seeps SYMBOLS SYMBOLS DANGER This symbol indicates a highly dangerous procedure that might cause serious damage to the equipment or to persons or even death if not correctly performed ATTENTION This symbol indicates a dangerous procedure that might cause serious dam
68. ription of the test procedure Application of H V voltage to the sample The current starts with a high value that gradually decays with time and finally remains stable The low initial insulation resistance is caused in part by the high initial loading current of the associated condenser Cg This capacitive current rapidly decays to a low value as the insulation is charged Furthermore the low initial insulation resistance is caused by another phenomenon which is the dielectric absorption current Rp Cp This current also decreases with time albeit more gradually until 1t reaches an insignificant value The final leakage current does not change with the time of voltage application and is a fundamental parameter for judging the insulation this is Ra The insulation resistance varies directly with the thickness of the insulation and inversely with the area tested Short circuiting of the sample At this moment the current is initiated with a high value in inverse direction to the period before corresponding to the rapid discharge of Cg while Ra does not actuate due to the short circuit having a lower resistance There will be a weak current associated with the discharge of the Cp s across the Rp s but the most likely thing will be that if the short does not last too long these Cp s will maintain part of their charge The short circuit is removed and the measurement performed During this phase and with the Cp s remaining charged if
69. ry In practice this is the ratio between the voltage in the high voltage winding and that of the low voltage tertiary winding Transformer Device capable of changing the level of magnitude between input and output providing galvanic insulation between them Turn Spiral of a conducting wire around a magnetic nucleus Voltage Difference in potential between two points Measured in volts V Winding Set of spirals forming an electrical circuit associated with one of the voltages for which the transformer has been designed Current conducting part of a machine Wye connection Y connection Connection of windings in which the end of each phase winding of a three phase transformer or of each winding of the same voltage assigned to single phase transformers constituting a three phase bank is connected to a common point neutral the other end being connected to the terminal of the corresponding line Zig zag connection Z connection Connection of windings such that one end of each phase winding of a three phase transformer is connected to a common point neutral and where each phase winding has two parts into which out of phase voltages are induced 107
70. s printing refer to section 5 7 55 lero to gg 5 SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION PRINTING C Print Report x vi Figure 5 35 Printing options If any of the data influencing the calculation of the resistances are modified when moving to another screen the program will show a warning reminding the operator that data have been modified and that this may affect certain measurements Figure 5 36 NOTICE ADVISE g i E xj Important Data has been modified lt can produce the lost of the measurement configuration and its results Do you want to continue EN 2 Figure 5 36 Warning of data changes The normal thing will be not to continue as a result of which when the NO button is pressed a screen will appear stating that the CANCEL button should be pressed if the change is not to take effect Figure 5 37 SUGGESTION x If you wish the changes don t have effect press cancel x Figure 5 37 Warning screen 56 ihres 5 SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION 5 4 3 Recovery voltage This screen shows the maximum dots of recovery voltage measured at the different cycles during the test As in all the analysis screens recovery voltage peak time and insulation resistance the upper part shows the name of the file being analyzed and certain data such as the time base selected for the test the transformer temperature the type of cooling type of connection and
71. should match with that of the equipment being tested In case of doubt the best thing is to run a thick plaited grounding cable from the system supply to the equipment tested e Check that the equipment to be tested is free from its operating voltage or any remnant voltage it is most advisable for the machine to have been in a previous short circuit state before the test e Position the measuring unit and the control computer close to the equipment being tested as shown in Figure 4 1 e Isolate the test area by means of the necessary mechanical elements as homologated by the safety department of each company such as cones fencing safety tapes of different colors located at waist height etc 22 luso 4 PREPARATIONS BEFORE TO USE 4 2 Equipment connection In view of danger that this equipment misuse might entail ALWAYS ADHERE TO THE SEQUENCE DESCRIBED BELOW For the performance of a test the measuring unit and control computer should be located close to the equipment to be analyzed as shown in Figure 4 1 To start up the equipment carry out the following instructions in the order presented the different elements of the panels in Figure 3 9 are referred to in brackets Rear View of Instruments UM2B PC gt serial w Power Supply Low Voltage Winding Figure 4 1 Disposition of the test elements Connection of PC to UM2B This connection is
72. ssible none The data and results obtained should offer at least some information allowing the operator performing the test to make an immediate interpretation The set of data obtained should allow for storage on data processing media such that they be simple to transmit for in depth study by specialists who will obtain the maximum information from the data acquired and take the appropriate decisions through comparative studies with other cases 2 3 System behavior and important parameters during measurement 9 luso 3 UM2B EQUIPMENT The UM2B unit is designed to output a direct current voltage of up to 2 kV to the element to be tested carry out the loading and discharge intervals on the dielectric as described for the specific test and finally measure the voltage and current The unit will examine the status of the dielectric of the equipment being tested as shown electrically in figure 2 1 The different elements in this figure are as follows Cg Geometric capacity of the equipment being tested This will be determined by the physical characteristics of the armatures of the equivalent condenser surface properties of intermediate dielectric and separation between armors Ra Insulation resistance In measuring this is related to the final leakage current following the transitory loading period of the dielectric Rpx and Cpx are the electrical elements used to describe the recovery voltage characteristic In an
73. st process performed The file remains in effect only until the test is successfully performed as from which moment the definitive file seen above is generated and this one is deleted The software of the UM2B uses this name based structure to search for tests as a result of which THE USER SHOULD NOT ALTER THE NAMES GENERATED BY THE PROGRAM FOR EACH TEST The identification window contains three buttons Za OK x CANCEL and LA NEXT The CANCEL button returns to the main screen without validating any possible change carried out in the window fields The OK and NEXT buttons basically perform the same function with the difference that the OK button validates the changes made in the window and returns to the main panel while the NEXT button also validates the data but goes on to the next process to be performed The functionality of these buttons will be the same in any window in which they might appear ae luso 5 SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION 5 3 2 Transformer technical data This screen Figure 5 11 is used to input the technical data on the transformer to be tested The upper part of the screen shows the name of the file in which the test is to be stored along with the data identifying the transformer and input from the previous screen All of these appear on a yellow background which indicates that they are purely for informative purposes and cannot be modified TYPE Class of transformer used This appears on the nameplate
74. struction of a material usually a metal or of its properties as a result of reaction with a medium Corrective Maintenance Maintenance carried out on an item once a breakdown has occurred returning it to its Admissible Condition for use Corrective maintenance may or may not be scheduled Current Movement of electrons between two points of a conductor due to the difference in potential between both Delta connection D connection Connection in series of the phase windings of a three phase transformer or of each winding of the same voltage assigned to single phase transformers constituting a three phase bank performed such that a closed circuit is formed Defect Alteration of the conditions of an item of sufficient importance to cause its normal or reasonably foreseeable function to become unsatisfactory 102 ihrer APPENDIX D GLOSSARY Diagnosis Deduction of the nature of a failure based on the symptoms detected Dielectric absorption The property of dielectrics to regain some charge following the removal of momentary short circuits The dielectric acts as though throughout the charging period it had become impregnated with a charge that remains during and after the discharging period This charge emanates again from the dielectric causing a voltage to reappear The explanation of this is due to the movement of dipoles and mobile ions in a dielectric material exposed to an electrical field Itis a measure of the qua
75. system remaining at some distance from them unless these parts are free from voltage and grounded Measurements performed using the UM2B system are carried out OFF LINE Consequently prior to beginning the test THE SYSTEM SHOULD BE VERIFIED TO BE FREE FROM VOLTAGE LOAD If the equipment is damaged during the warranty period as a result of inappropriate use without following the instructions described in this chapter the repair may be excluded from the warranty lle a 4 PREPARATIONS BEFORE TO USE 4 1 Precautions in the area of installation When this instrument is used to test high voltage machines all the habitual safety procedures and standards applicable to this type of machines should be adhered to Ensure in all cases that the equipment being tested is completely discharged and grounded before touching it For the safety of the equipment operators or any other worker in the area as well as for the integrity of the system itself and to ensure that the measurement results are valid a series of precautions should be taken at the test location These may be summarized as follows e Check that the surrounding area is appropriate without rain or dust storms and that it is within the temperature humidity margins specified for the operation see chapter 9 Specifications Check that the system supply voltage is within the specific operating limits see chapter 9 Specifications and that it is grounded This ground
76. t might be electrically charged at high voltage and handling of the cabling or equipment after the test might be dangerous Consequently the habitual safety measures applied to high voltage installations should be taken into account Following performance of the test the equipment itself will discharge the machine analyzed Meanwhile the computer will show a message indicating that this operation is being carried out Consequently the UM2B unit should be turned off when so indicated by the control software following the measurements In some transformers discharging may take several minutes Consequently it is good safety practice to use rubber gloves when handling the connecting clips When requested by the program the UM2B unit should be disconnected in accordance with the following steps Switch off the UM2B unit Remove the clips from the equipment being tested Remove the cables from the UM2B If high voltage connectors are blocked unblock them threading security screw that allows remove them 26 lero to Led 5 SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION 5 SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION 5 1 Introduction Along with other units and their respective applications see Appendix B the UM2B constitutes a system for the testing and analysis of electrical machines Consequently all these applications will be launched from a common base application known as the Electrical Machine Testing and Analysis System Figure 5 1 which
77. t unnecessary actuations but also to complete the information available on the actual status of the equipment such that suitable decisions may be taken luso 1 INTRODUCTION Predictive maintenance is applied successfully and with the greatest frequency to major items of equipment subjected to complex ageing or degradation phenomenon and on which a large number of variables act In most of these cases there is no formula available allowing the status of the equipment to be estimated as a result of which tests are required to obtain the values of different significant parameters and on the basis of these to undertake interpretation Consequently start up goes hand in hand with the definition and performance of tests and the interpretation of their results For the first it is necessary to have in depth knowledge of the equipment and techniques involved while for the second there is a need for specialist technical personnel As a complement to the UM2B unit and it s associated software of Recovery Voltage measurement it exists a software application for Insulation Resistance measurement This application will allow us to carry out a quick evaluation of the machine insulation test without executing Recovery Voltage software luso 3 UM2B EQUIPMENT 2 DESCRIPTION OF MEASURING METHOD 2 1 Philosophy of the method The UM2B is an automatic system designed to determine the recovery voltage of transformers It is designed to be a predi
78. the voltage at which the test is performed along with other data such as the time constant and polarization index Below these informative data there is a graphic showing the evolution of the recovery voltage throughout the test see Figure 5 38 To the right of this graphic there are two columns showing the times at which each recovery voltage sample has been taken and the corresponding value The operator may move through this graphic using the cursors and or the mouse As the cursor is moved the value of recovery voltage and corresponding time are shown below in the right hand corner ANALYSIS RECOVERY VOLTAGE x FILE c SAGEN_WIN Ensayos TRDCOTRA20864 T DRTRDCOTRA20864 0 o i Time Base _ 0 025 s Refrigeretion j OIL Test Voltage T Time of Process 03 1 1 06 hh mm ss on i Time Constant Temperature 20 E Connect HWLV GND Polarization Index Linear Voltage Axis C Logarithmic Voltage Axis Recovery Voltage volts 1 00 10 00 100 00 1000 00 10000 00 1638 4 Ae J 3276 8 Curve Type j de X xr gt TOE 164 N Linear 4 BACK CANCEL OK PRINT NET Time 81920 s mee Figure 5 38 Analysis screen Recovery diagram Lineal graph 57 unitronics Below the table of values of the graphic there is a selector which may be used to select the type of curve to be used to display the recovery voltage Three display modes
79. transformers and autotransformers of any type It is based on the measurement of a series of simple parameters by means of a data acquisition system and a computer application for the performance of calculations Figure 3 1 Appearance of the measurement system Once the data have been obtained enough information is available for diagnosis of the current status of the transformer and for assessment of the trend curves The advantages that characterize the UM2B method may be summarized as follows e minimum risk for the machine e reduced unavailability times e simple performance e high degree of test automation 14 lero to Led 3 UM2B EQUIPMENT 3 2 System elements The equipment may be fitted with the following elements and or accessories NOTE The XX nomenclature indicates different versions depending on the characteristics of the equipment Please consult with your sales person UM2BXX UM2B measuring equipment with serial number Figure 3 2 Measuring unit BEL00 Measuring equipment transport bag lies Figure 3 3 Transport bag 15 ihres 3 UM2B EQUIPMENT CR00 Mains supply cable with ground terminal Shielded series cable with DB9 terminal connectors for CRS23200 communications between the PC and the unit The cable must be shielded Figure 3 4 Serial cable 8 metre long high voltage shielded measuring cables with wide opening clip pincers at one end and high voltage conn
80. urns of a transformer and thus capable of changing its transformation ratio RPM Revolutions Per Minute This indicates the working regime of a machine Rotating machine Set of apparatus combined to receive a certain form of energy and replace it with another more adequate to produce a certain effect One of these forms would be kinetic energy There are therefore generators and AC and DC motors and rotating converters Rotor Rotating part of a machine Rupture Breakdown causing the unavailability of an item Scheduled Maintenance Preventive maintenance performed at previously determined intervals of time number of operations stroke etc Short circuit The joining of two points subjected to different voltages across a very small resistance bridge The current reaches its maximum value Short circuit voltage This is the voltage that needs to be applied to the high voltage winding in order for the nominal current to flow through the low voltage winding when the latter is short circuited Spare Part component assembly equipment or machine belonging to an item of higher order and capable of being replaced due to breakage wear or consumption Stator Fixed part of a rotating electrical machine in which the rotor turns 106 ihrer APPENDIX D GLOSSARY Test Essay performed on an item to assess one of its characteristics Transformation ratio Ratio of the number of spirals in a secondary coil to that of a prima
81. very voltage Insulation resistance Polarization index Time constant 92 ha APPENDIX B CONTROL SOFTWARE APPENDIX A CE CONFORMITY DECLARATION CE CONFORMITY DECLARATION UNITRONICS S A U Plaza Espafia 18 9 fl off 9 iM 28008 Madrid SPAIN a VAT number ES A 28121572 A Tel 34 1 542 52 04 UNITRONICS Fax 34 1 542 78 96 We declare on our own responsability the conformity of the product Instrument Recovery Voltage Tester Dielectric test with variable time voltage step Equipment UM2 Manufacturer UNITRONICS Model UM2B at which this declaration refers with the disposals of the following directives and applicable standards CE Marking directive DC 93 68 CEE Electromagnetic compatibility directive DC 89 336 CEE Applicable armonized standards EN 61326 1 97 CISPR 22 93 IEC 1000 3 2 95 TEC 1000 3 3 95 TEC 1000 4 2 95 TEC 1000 4 3 95 TEC 1000 4 4 95 IEC 1000 4 5 95 IEC 1000 4 6 95 IEC 1000 4 11 94 e Low voltage directive DC 73 23 CEE Applicable armonized standards UNE EN 61010 1 96 Authorised Signatory Madrid September 28 of 2001 UNITRONICS S A U Plaza de Espa a 18 pl mi 915 400 25 p 28008 MADRID SS ee Manager Corporate seal 93 APPENDIX B CONTROL SOFTWARE APPENDIX B CONTROL SOFTWARE INSTALLATION The documentation referred to the control software installation manual UM2B can be found in
82. y continuity Figure 6 2 Continuity check between cable ends 4 Previous checks could be performed by the user but it should also be checked dielectric rigidity and insulation resistance of the cable should they be damaged This two last verifications only could be performed by the technical service Os leo y 6 EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE 6 4 Replacing fuse ATTENTION Before changing the fuse ALWAYS unplug the power cable Always use fuses of the value and type specified see chapter 9 Specifications In order to avoid possible supply voltage peaks that might damage the UM2B the unit incorporates a fuse housed in the lower part of the mains connector 5 The fuse holder may be slid out by hand or using a small screwdriver Inside inner is the operating fuse and in an adjacent compartment outer a spare The very arrangement of the fuse holder makes it necessary to disconnect the power cable Nevertheless great care should be taken to ensure safety and the cables should be disconnected from the equipment being tested Also the UM2B should be moved away from this equipment After having carried out the aforementioned safety processes replace the fuse as follows Turn off the switch on the rear panel Disconnect the cables from the equipment being tested Disconnect the power cable Open the fuse holder Remove the blown fuse the inner one Insert the adequate spare fuse NA wu RA U Nme

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