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KVGC 202 Voltage Regulating Control Relays

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2. contacts 23 Hes Em wi 25 ETE 21 22 KVGC em Potential divider 1 vedi REG 23 18 Ges SE 2 20 24 m Ms LT 19 E MT 18 22 Potential divider2 26 Figure 32 Connection of 40 tap potential divider to KVGC with VT voltage input 4 9 1 4 9 1 1 4 9 1 2 Tap changer maintenance Tap change operations counter The relay provides an indication of the maximum number of tap changer operations The user may configure the logic to initiate an alarm through the relay masks if the number of tap change operations has exceeded a preset value If Link LOG4 is set to 1 the tap change operation will be blocked and hence put the relay out of service when the counter threshold is exceeded The Tap Change Operations Counter is incremented by 1 each time the tap position is changed A tap change may be initiated by the internal tap change control functions manual tap change local control sequences or remote tap change sequences If the auxiliary power is lost the operation counter values and TPI are retained On power restoration the tap difference between the TPI on power off and power on is incremented to the operations counter Frequent operations monitor An alarm is initiated if the number of tap change operations exceeds a certain threshold over a preset time period tP The FreqOps output relay allocated in the Relay Mask picks up to give the alarm condition
3. INOLLOSNNOS Hlava 3Sv2 n COGOIIAM en sy dans voPlov evi WAO3INI ALIM Z NOWWOO LAAN 91907 MN WO Q3MGIA SXOO18 WNIAH3I TINTON p Og NILSO08 E ONIGSHS Oe 91 z mn o 013A v1 219018 1 MN3MOl 1 NOWWOO 1ndNI 91907 Z1 asia V1 Tonne 01 ouvWoinv Hie 38v9 ass Ayaa HOI Hd Nei xA L 00 99 8 SION 33S 8 SION 33S 6 SION 33S e Zei ld UNO INSHHRO GuvMEOI 3O NOOIT N s Zd ld MOTE Dor CAYMA JO NOLLOGNIG NOllvlOW 3SvHd CD s a Zei bd nous INISAN GNVABOJ JO NOILOSHIG KVCG202 EN MEI Technical Manual Page 150 KVGC202 APPENDIX 4 Technical Manual KVCG202 EN M E1 1 KVGC202 Page 151 KVCG202 EN M E11 Page 152 Date Station Circuit Front plate information Technical Manual KVGC202 COMMISSIONING TEST RECORD Model No KVGC202 Voltage regulating relay type Serial No Rated n Aux Voltage Vx Frequency Hz Rated ac voltage Vn 0000 System data settings 0002 Password 0003 SD Links 0004 Description 0006 Plant Ref 0007 Model 0008 Serial No
4. Case size Size 6 MIDOS Flush Mounting F Auxiliary voltage 24 125V 2 48 250V 5 Operating voltage 110V ac 50 60Hz 1 C T Rating 5 1A User selectable G Language English French German D o mn rm Spanish 8 22 Frequency response The operating criteria for each element have been chosen to suit the applications for which it is most likely to be used Knowing how these elements respond under operating conditions will help to apply them effectively 1 Fr when nonfrequency tracking 45 lt F lt 65Hz when frequency tracking Fourier filter response Anti aliasing filter response Harmonic Figure 36 Response of Fourier filtering Technical Manual KVCG202 EN M E1 1 KVGC202 Page 101 Measurement is based on the Fourier derived value of the fundamental component of line IL circulating current Ic Tap position indication voltage VTPI and low accuracy system voltage input Vbc The diagram above shows the frequency response that results from this filtering The 1 on the horizontal scale relates to the selected rated frequency of the relay and the figures 2 3 4 etc are the second third and fourth harmonic frequencies respectively It can be seen that harmonics up to and including the 6th are suppressed giving no output The 7th is the first predominant harmonic and this is attenuated to approxim
5. Figure 34 Basic communication system 7 2 2 K Bus connections Connection to the K Bus Port is by standard Midos 4mm screw terminals or snap on connectors A twisted pair of wires is all that is required the polarity of connection is not important It is recommended that an outer screen is used with an earth connected to the screen at the Master Station end only Termination of the screen is effected with the U shaped terminal supplied and which has to be secured with a self tapping screw in the hole in the terminal block just below terminal 56 as shown in the diagram Operation has been tested up to 32 units connected along a 1 000 metres of cable The specification for suitable cable will be found in the technical data Chapter The method of encoding the data results in the polarity of the connection to the bus wiring being unimportant Note K Bus must be terminated with a 150Q resistor at each end of the bus The master station can be located at any position but the bus should only be driven from one unit at a time Connection to earth from power supply zero volts n Rear of case op 1p K Bus Screened 2 core cable P1494ENa Figure 35 K Bus connection diagram Technical Manual KVCG202 EN M E1 1 KVGC202 7 2 3 7 3 7 3 1 7 3 2 7 3 3 7 3 4 Page 87 Ancillary equipment The minimum requirement to communicate with the relay is a K Bus IEC 60870 5 converter box type KITZ and sui
6. point contact discharge with cover removed IEC 60801 2 Technical Manual KVCG202 EN M E1 1 KVGC202 Page 99 8 17 7 X Radiated immunity IEC 60255 22 3 1989 and IEC 60801 3 1984 Class III field strength 10V m and exteded frequency range 20MHz 1000MHz 8 17 8 Conducted immunity ENV50141 1993 Level 3 10V rms 0 15MHz 80MHz 8 17 9 Radiated emissions EN55011 1991 Group 1 class A limits 30MHz 1000MHZz 8 17 10 Conducted emissions EN55011 1991 Group 1 class A limits 0 15MHz 30MHz 8 18 ANSI IEEE Specifications 8 18 1 Surge withstand capability C37 90 1 1989 8 18 2 Radiated electromagnetic Interference C37 90 2 1995 35V m over the frequency range 25 to 1000MHz 8 19 Environmental 8 19 1 Temperature IEC 60255 6 1988 Storage and transit 25 C to 70 C Operating 25 C to 55 C 8 19 2 Humidity IEC 60068 2 3 1969 56 days at 93 relative humidity and 40 C 8 19 3 Enclosure protection IEC 60529 1989 IP50 Dust protected 8 20 Mechanical environment 8 20 4 Vibration IEC 60255 21 1 1988 Response Class 1 Endurance Class 1 8 20 2 Shock and bump IEC 60255 21 2 1988 Shock response Class 1 Shock withstand Class 1 and Bump Class 1 8 20 3 Seismic IEC 60255 21 3 1993 Class 1 8 20 4 Mechanical durability 10 000 operations minimum KVCG202 EN MEI Technical Manual Page 100 KVGC202 8 21 Model numbers Relay type KV GC 202 0 1 F 1 G Configuration Standard 0 1
7. 0009 Freq 000A Comms Level 000B Relay Address 000C Plant status 000D Control status 000E Group now 000F Load shed boost stage 0011 Software Ref 0020 Logic status 0021 Relay status 0022 Alarms 0300 Control 1 0301 CTL Links 0302 CT Ratio 0303 VT Ratio 0304 In 0305 Vs 0306 dV 0307 Vc volt In 0308 Vr volt In Technical Manual KVCG202 EN M E1 1 KVGC202 Page 153 0300 Control 1 FE D CBJA 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0309 Vx volt In 030A PF Angle 030B tINIT DT 030C tINTER 030D tPULSE 030E LSB level 1 030F LSB level 2 0310 LSB level 3 0311 tTapChange 0500 Control 2 FE D CBJ JA 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0501 CTL Links 0502 CT Ratio 0503 VT Ratio 0504 In 0505 Vs 0506 dV 0507 Vc volt In 0508 Vr volt In 0509 Vx volt In 050A PF Angle 050B tINIT DT 050C tINTER 050D tPULSE 050E LSB level 1 050F LSB level 2 0510 LSB level 3 0511 tTapChange 0400 Logic 1 F E DI ICIBIA 9181716 514131 1211 10 0401 Log Links 0402 V lt lt 0403 V lt 0404 V gt 0405 t V lt V gt 0406 tFAIL 0407 Ic 0408 tlc 0409 IL 040A IL 040B TpAvail 040C TP KVCG202
8. Safety Section Installation category III Overvoltage Category III Distribution level fixed installation Equipment in this category is qualification tested at 5 kV peak 1 2 50 us 500 0 5 J between all supply circuits and earth and also between independent circuits The equipment is intended for indoor installation and use only If it is required for use in an outdoor environment then it must be mounted in a specific cabinet of housing which will enable it to meet the requirements of IEC 60529 with the classification of degree of protection IP54 dust and splashing water protected Pollution Degree Pollution Degree 2 Compliance is demonstrated by reference to safety Altitude Operation up to 2000m standards IEC 60255 27 2005 EN 60255 27 2005 Technical Manual KVCG202 EN M E1 1 KVGC202 KVGC202 Voltage Regulating Control Relays KVCG202 EN MEI Technical Manual KVGC202 Technical Manual KVGC202 CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1 Introduction 1 2 Using the manual 1 3 Models available 2 HANDLING AND INSTALLATION 2 1 General considerations 2 1 1 Receipt of product 2 1 2 Electrostatic discharge ESD 2 2 Handling of electronic equipment 2 3 Mounting 2 4 Unpacking 2 5 Storage 3 RELAY DESCRIPTION 3 1 Relay description 3 2 User interface 3 2 1 Frontplate layout 3 2 2 LED indications 3 2 3 Keypad 3 2 4 Liquid crystal display 3 3 Menu system 3 3 1 Default display 3 3 2 Accessing the me
9. Set function link 0003 SD Links link 7 to 1 to enable logic changes in event records Set function link 0003 SD Links link 9 to 1 to enable use of external TPI voltage supply Control links For Group 1 settings Set function link 0301 CTL Links link 1 to 1 to select inverse time delay For Group 2 settings Group 2 CTL functional links are set in cell location 0501 Logic links For Group 1 settings Set function link 0401 LOG Links link 1 to 1 to block outside deadband for maximum time Set function link 0401 LOG Links link 2 to 1 to block for excessive circulating current Set function link 0401 LOG Links link 3 to 1 to block for excessive load current Set function link 0401 LOG Links link 4 to 1 to block for excessive number of operations Set function link 0401 LOG Links link 5 to 1 to block for frequent operation Set function link 0401 LOG Links link 6 to 1 to block operation for reverse current flow Set function link 0401 LOG Links link 7 to 1 to block for tap change runaway Set function link 0401 LOG Links link 8 to 1 to block for insufficient circulating current For Group 2 settings Group 2 LOG functional links are set in cell location 0601 Technical Manual KVCG202 EN M E1 1 KVGC202 9 8 2 4 9 8 2 5 9 8 3 9 8 3 1 9 8 3 2 9 8 3 3 Page 123 Second setting group not displayed or working Set function link 0003
10. leader and the remaining transformers in the group are designated followers or trailers Where the VRR initiates a tap change then the master transformer operates and the followers are operated to occupy the same service position as the master transformer For multiple tap change sequences it is necessary to operate a paralleled transformer group step by step i e all transformers must occupy the same tap step before the master transformer can perform a second tap change step in a multiple tap step sequence There are a number of circuit arrangements for coupling such schemes One method is to have a potentiometer mechanically coupled to each tap changer so that the position of the moving element corresponds to the selected tap position The common points of each potentiometer are then interconnected through coupling relays which operate to correct any tapping disparity with reference to the master transformer Alternatively a step by step sequence can be controlled by interconnecting step switches from each tap changer in such a way that the followers sequentially come into alignment with the master transformer without using coupling relays A simple master follower scheme could be arranged with a KVGC relay on each parallel transformer The master VRR is set to AUTO mode and the followers set to MANUAL mode The master relay is set regulate the busbar voltage and operate the local tap changer in the standa
11. Initial time delay tINIT Grp1 Grp2 Setting definite s s Measured definite s s Setting inverse s s Measured inverse s s Inter tap time delay tINTER s s Setting s s Measured s s Line drop compensation Resistive compensation volts V V setting Vr Mode setting 0102 STATUS Manual Manual auto auto Voltage setting Vs V V Vreg 0202 MEASURE V V Measured resistive compensation V V Vr reg Vs Grp1 Grp2 Reactive compensation volts setting Vx V V Mode setting 0102 STATUS Manual Manual auto auto Voltage setting Vs V V Technical Manual KVCG202 EN M E1 1 KVGC202 Page 157 Vreg 0202 MEASURE V V Measured reactive compensation V V x V Vreg Vs Circulating current compensation setting V V Vc Compensation Vc Negative Negative positive positive Voltage setting Vs V V Vreg 0202 MEASURE V V Measured circulating current V V compensation Vc Vreg Vs Supervision Undervoltage detector V Undervoltage setting V V Value measured V V Overvoltage detector V gt Overvoltage setting V V Value measured V V Load current detector IL Load current setting A A Value measured A A Circulating current detector Ic Circulating current setting A A Value measured A A Alarm tFAIL S S LOAD chec
12. 0301 CTL Links PWP Software links that are used to select the available optional group 1control functions 0 1 1 tINV 1 Inverse time delay dV DT V Vs 0302 CT Ratio PWP Line Current Transformer overall ratio 0303 VT Ratio PWP Line Voltage Transformer overall ratio 0304 In PWP Rated current winding of relay 1A or 5A 0305 Vs SET Set value of remote regulated voltage 0306 dV SET Dead band dV 0307 Vc volt In SET Circulating current compensation 0308 Vr volts In SET Resistive LDC compensation 0309 Vx volts In SET Reactive LDC compensation reverse 030A pf Angle SET Low power factor LDC compensation 90 030B tINIT DT SET Initial definite time delay 030C tINTER SET Inter tap delay 030D tPULSE SET Tap pulse duration 030E Level 1 SET Load shedding boosting level 1 030F Level 2 SET Load shedding boosting level 2 0310 Level 3 SET Load shedding boosting level 3 0311 tTapChange SET Time between tap position indications Logic 1 Cell Text Status Description 0400 LOGIC 1 READ Column heading 0401 LOG Links PWP Software links that are used to select the available optional group 1 blocking functions KVCG202 EN M E11 Page 26 3 3 10 Technical Manual KVGC202 Cell Text Status Description 1 TpFail 1 block outside dead band for maximum time 2 Ic blk 1 block for excessive circulating current 3 IL blk 1
13. 91 91 92 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 94 94 94 94 94 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 96 96 Technical Manual KVGC202 8 10 8 10 1 8 10 2 8 10 3 8 11 8 12 8 13 8 14 8 15 8 16 8 16 1 8 16 2 8 16 3 8 17 8 17 1 8 17 2 8 17 3 8 17 4 8 17 5 8 17 6 8 17 7 8 17 8 8 17 9 8 17 10 8 18 8 18 1 8 18 2 8 19 8 19 1 8 19 2 8 19 3 8 20 8 20 1 8 20 2 8 20 3 8 20 4 8 21 8 22 Influencing quantities Ambient temperature Frequency Angle measurement lt 2 Opto isolated inputs Output relays Operation indicator Communication port Current transformer requirements High voltage withstand Dielectric withstand IEC 255 5 1977 High voltage impulse IEC 60255 5 1977 Insulation resistance IEC 60255 5 1977 Electrical environment DC supply interruptions IEC 60255 11 1979 AC ripple on dc supply IEC 60255 11 1979 High frequency disturbance IEC 60255 22 1 1988 Fast transient IEC 60255 22 4 1992 EMC compliance Electrostatic discharge test IEC 60255 22 2 1996 Radiated immunity IEC 60255 22 3 1989 and IEC 60801 3 1984 Conducted immunity ENV50141 1993 Radiated emissions EN55011 1991 Conducted emissions EN55011 1991 ANSI IEEE Specifications Surge withstand capability Radiated electromagnetic Interference Environmental Temperature IEC 60255 6 1988 Humidity IEC 60068 2 3 1969 Enclosure protection IEC 60529 1989 Mechanical environment Vibration IEC 60255 21 1 1988 Shock and b
14. Before making the following changes note the setting for input masks inter tap delay tINTER setting Set the inter tap delay tINTER to 0 seconds For this test ensure that the input masks are set to operate the following opto inputs 0707 0708 0709 INPUT MASKS Technical Manual KVCG202 EN M E1 1 KVGC202 Page 107 For test 1 and 4 connect LO OPTO terminal 46 to switch S1 For test 2 and 5 connect L1 OPTO terminal 48 to switch S1 For test 3 and 6 connect L2 OPTO terminal 50 to switch S1 Set the load shedding boosting setting level 1 to 396 level 2 to 6 level 3 to 9 030E 030F 0310 CONTROL Apply voltage equivalent to the system voltage input setting value Vs to terminals 17 and Close switch S1 The Lower volts relay output contact should close Slowly reduce the system voltage and check the voltage at which the Lower volts relay output contacts re opens The contacts should re open at a voltage shown in Table 5 for test 1 Increase the system voltage to Vs the Lower volts contacts should be closed Open Switch S1 Repeat this for test 2 and 3 i e other load shedding levels if set Set the load shedding boosting setting level 1 to 396 level 2 to 6 level 3 to 9 Cell Ref 030E 030F 0310 CONTROL Close switch S1 The Lower volts relay output contact should close Slowly increase the system voltage and check the voltage at which the Raise volts relay output contacts re opens The contact
15. CT1 Driving CT T1 loaded CT2 Idling CT T2 loaded 2IL Current flowing in line s fed by T1 T2 which creates line voltage drop which is to be compensated for Technical Manual KVCG202 EN M E1 1 KVGC202 Page 59 X R AVR2 Cm C m2 LDC kVGC 202 Rer AVRI R uc 202 vi cm P1488ENa Figure 26 Equivalent circuit diagram for two KVGC202 relays with paralleled LDC inputs 2IL 211 I2 V 11 RLDC V 21L 11 2RL RLDC I1 RLDC 2IL 11 2RL RLDC j4 2IL 2RL Rtpc RLDC 2RL RLDC Simplifying 2RL _ 2IL RLDC 1 11 RL 2 Ric 1 And _ 2X 1 RL I1 IL X 1 where X Ripe Ideally 11 should equal IL also I2 IL but since RL is not zero 11 will exceed IL The required value of X to bring 11 down to 1 05IL will be determined by QX 1 1 05IL IL Scr 1 05X 1 05 2X 1 0 05 0 95xX X 0 0526 Therefore we require X lt 0 0526 for 11 lt 1 05IL KVCG202 EN MEI Technical Manual Page 60 KVGC202 Example 1 Application of 2 VRRs 1A rated with direct paralleling RL 50m 2 5mm Cu 0 370 RLDC 0 0072 RL Ripe lt 0 0526 where Ripe Ripe R x Ripc gt 19R Hund gt 7 03 Therefore RS 7 03 0 007 gt 7 023 Choose a value of Rs 79 Required continuous rating 2In 2A Therefore required continuous power rating of RS 28W Allowing a minimum power derating of
16. If Logic Link LOG5 is set to 1 and the relay is set in AUTO mode any further tap change operations are blocked and hence put the relay out of service until the alarm condition is cleared An event is raised and the number of operations is recorded after every elapsed time period tP The delay timer and the counter for the tap change operation is reset after the event is logged KVCG202 EN M E11 Technical Manual Page 70 4 9 1 3 4 10 KVGC202 Tap changer failure detection The Tap Changer Failure feature is provided to detect failure of a tap changer to respond to Raise Lower commands of the relay Tap changer failure is detected by checking if the regulated voltage fails to come within the deadband limits within the tFAIL time delay in response to a valid raise lower command If a tap change failure is detected the TapFail output relay allocated in the Relay Mask picks up to give an alarm indication and the flags which indicate that a tap change is expected are reset If the logic link LOG1 is set to 1 and the relay is in Auto mode the alarm condition will also cause blocking of the tap change control operation There is no direct inhibition of the alarm indication except by non selection in the output mask The tap fail delay timer is reset instantaneously when the voltage is restored to within the deadband limits Load shedding boosting The effective regulated voltage level Vs can be lowered or
17. N indicates deviation from Vs in multiples of dVs and is calculated as Vbc Vs 100 N Vs dVs where Vbc Voltage to be regulated Vs Voltage setting dVs Dead band Calculate the value of N When Vbc 105 Vs Calculate the expected time t When k 0 Check that the initial time delay characteristic is set to Inverse 0301 CONTROL Before making the following changes note the settings dVs and initial time delay tINIT Set dVs to 1 and the initial time delay tINIT to 30 seconds Therefore N 5 and t 6 seconds Set the timer to start from closing of switch S2 and stop on closing of the lower volts contact Lower volts Close switch S2 adjust the applied voltage to 105 of Vs The system voltage Vs Reset the timer Technical Manual KVCG202 EN M E1 1 KVGC202 Page 109 Open switch S2 and adjust the voltage to 10096 of Vs using a decade resistance box and reset the timer Close switch S2 and measure the initial time delay The Lower volts relay output contacts should close after the initial time has elapsed Measured time should lie between D As and 6 6s i e tINIT 10 Restore the following settings dVs and initial time delay tINIT KVCG202 EN MEI Technical Manual Page 110 9 6 3 4 9 6 4 9 6 4 1 KVGC202 Inter tap delay The relay should be commissioned with the settings calculated for the application If the voltage is not back within the deadband limits after the first t
18. SD7 These two particular forms of events will occur frequently and so by setting SD7 0 the recording of these events can be inhibited Technical Manual KVCG202 EN M E1 1 KVGC202 Page 81 6 2 1 6 2 2 6 2 3 6 2 4 6 3 6 3 1 Triggering event records Event records are triggered automatically in response to the functions listed in Chapter 6 2 Time tagging of event records The KVGC202 relay does not have a real time clock Instead it has a free running 32 bit counter that increments every 1 millisecond When an event occurs the value of this millisecond counter is recorded Ta and stored in the event buffer When the event is extracted the present value of the millisecond counter is also sent in the message Tb The master station must record the actual time at which it received the event message Tc This is equivalent to Tb if we consider the transmission time of the event over the communication network to be negligible It then calculates how long ago the event occurred by How long ago Tb Ta milliseconds ago Real time time message was received how long ago it occurred Tc Tb Ta Time tagging is to a resolution of 1 millisecond the incrementation rate of the counter and remain valid for approximately 49 days However the crystal to control the timing has a nominal accuracy of 50 ppm is not externally synchronised and has no temperature compensation It can therefore introduce an erro
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20. i LL I n uas GE 02299 X eech 9 MOM TIS vine sya E Ee D z E CX Bel LAS d dd SOU INS RS JO NOUD3HO y MOTI IN CAVMYOJ JO NOILDSHIO V 19eus 00 ZOZODAM O Technical Manual KVCG202 EN M E11 KVGC202 Page 144 ENGL SS KEE G 94S 00 ZOZIDAM O KVCG202 EN MEI Technical Manual Page 145 KVGC202 ENHVvES Ld JOWLIOA OU Agit 18Od SNOLLVOINNAWOD Sng 4 99 vg NOILO3NNOD HiNV3 3SVO if e v Ww 3l PE JE ZE TI gt a fee g ES lt A LE KI fez gt fF ev 0330018 fs d CR 9e SLIOA 33M01 E IW ve SLTOA SH ZE 018 3 Q31V4 AVIY 9 T9 oW AHLI3H AVT3M B 0 GJ r 2 gt Mit IndNI 31907 41 13431 91 Z nm 9NIOd3HS avo1 c1 31 y1 0018 1 M3M01 CD NDWADO 1fndNI 31907 21 Zeien 11 WONWA 01 OuvWoinv ALIMW1D YOJ NMOHS LON 1n8 G3193NNOO 38 AlddNS JOVLIOA WiisAS ga GinoHs Zz S WNIWH31 NOILISOd dvi Vzzv3e TW Aldd s WNH3IX3 OV G KINO WOIdAL 38v SNOLLD3NNOO ONIHIBVJ KINO WOIdAL 34v SNOLLD3NNOO 7L O C3dA1 T IA WNIWa34 Nid o UNNIWS31 DND1 o 340434 39338 STWNINAIL Laus 123NNDOSIQ CO 3 cob 340434 s SANIT DNI Lang D ec T Cayals Hlaya 3Sy2 WADILNI HLIA gt ayaa woad Q3A3IA Sx2D 18 eNIWar31 3100DN i xs BAS Fe pt aft RUM n 999 9 afa et ej Sp 918 5 5x 91S IS Ws at 79 9 9 9 9 9 Adds
21. xL yj sl i np ECC NDWHD2 ANANI 31907 e i nr Aldd S JOWLIOA WILSAS a KIddNS WNYILXI OW S AINT YOJ NMOHS ION 108 G3LD3NNOD 38 GINOHS ZZ STWNINYSL NOILISOd dvi vzzv3e TW KINO IVOldAL 34V SNOILO3NNOO ONIHlMV3 KINO WOldAL JYV SNOLO3NNOO O C3dA1 HX TVNIN3831 Nid EJ UNNIWa31 DND1 gt gt 38D438 X93838 STWNIWH31 Laus LOANNOISIC 2 3 coo 3201 38 AVA SANIT DNILADHS L2 ec cayals tae 3S9 Ww D31NI HLA ayaa woa4 3A3IA SOU Tei 31300DN d H SNSNS SIONS USUS SUR DS Se 2 SO Mm 63 f j spl pNV 2 lt ch io f G eh WNUALX OW NOWVi08 3SVHd 8 3 Y 1eeus 00 ZOZDDAM O KVCG202 EN MEI Technical Manual Page 141 KVGC202 EN308SL d We ind 31907 r i Non ind 3007 MOTI 1N3MMO GHVYWMOj JO NOUO3H DI AO NMOHS ION ING 03 23NNOO 38 mme Zz j SWNINYIL WOU dvi WEIS TW e AINO WO JAV SNOUO3MNOO 23 a Gdi TID Woinal Nia UNNIMII NOT C 30438 wg Ein Jupe zg o 71238902810 co 3 co mp E ETE nr a e o 1 R o 7e 9 e bane INRUND OS JO NOLITO c 19eus 00 ZOZIDAM OI Technical Manual KVCG202 EN M E11 KVGC202 Page 142 N3LES Ld 39v110 qu Agr 130d ANS SNOIIVOINDWNOS TOZON oc q31v4 AvT34 9 E AHLW3H AVT3H E D e gt NOWNDD indNI 31907 ol sl e 1 1 1 n ju acc NDWWD2 na 31907 e 1 pp ed MOTI 1
22. 3 Sets load shedding boost to level 3 Default output relays The function of the programmable relay outputs is selected in the RELAYS column The following settings are not mandatory but it is suggested that they are followed where possible so that different schemes will use a particular output relay for the same or similar function RLYO Raise V Raises the voltage by 1 tap RLY1 Lower V Lowers the voltage by 1 tap RLY3 Blocked KVGC202 blocked from automatic operation RLY4 V lt lt Under voltage blocking RLY5 V lt Low voltage supervision RLY6 V gt Over voltage supervision RLY7 Ic Excessive circulating current supervision RLY8 IL Overcurrent supervision Setting group selection The relay has two setting groups but as supplied only setting group 1 will be visible To make the second group of settings visible in the menu set function link SD4 1 in the SYSTEM DATA column The value of the group 2 settings is unimportant when link SD4 0 because group 1 settings will be in use by default The menu cell OOOE in the SYSTEM DATA column is a read only cell that displays the setting group that is in operation Technical Manual KVCG202 EN MEI KVGC202 Page 41 The active setting group can be selected remotely or locally Remote control is enabled by setting link SD3 1 and the active setting group can then be controlled by remote command over the serial communic
23. 50 56W use a resistor rated at 75W Therefore use RS 7 Q 75W Note RS should withstand the maximum main CT secondary rms current for a minimum of three seconds The maximum output of the main CTs should not exceed three times the steady state current through its connected burden and CT resistance to cause saturation Example 2 Application of two VRRs 5A rated using 5A 0 5A interposing transformers to isolate the individual line CTs to BEBS T2 standard The British Electricity Board Specification T2 for transformers and reactors uses LDC circuits paralleled through pilots and 5 0 5 A interposing CTs Assume P1489ENa Figure 27 is equivalent to Technical Manual KVCG202 EN M E1 1 KVGC202 Page 61 Ricri Ric R RIcT2 RIcTI 5 0 5A 5 0 5A P1490ENa Figure 28 _ 2 RiCT2 RL 2RL 2RICT2 100 Therefore RL RICT2 RE KVGC202 burden for LDC 0 007 at In Therefore RLDC 0 0070 And RL X Ripe lt 0 0526 Therefore pen ETT RE lt 0 0526 or RLDC must be increased to RLDC via a series resistor so that Ripe 19 DCH Rea 100 e g Rict1 0 02 Rict2 0 3 H 0 2 This gives RLDC gt 19 0 02 2 03 Od d gt 0 475 Ripc Rioc Rs Therefore Rs gt 0 475 0 007 gt 0 468 Choose a value of 0 50 Required continuous current capability 2In 10A KVCG202 EN MEI Technical Manual Page 62 KVGC202 Theref
24. EN MEI Technical Manual Page 154 KVGC202 0400 Logic 1 FIE DIC B JA 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 040D TP 040E total ops 040F ops tP gt 0410 tP 0411 Default Display 0412 tTest Relay 0600 Logic 2 FIEI DIC B JA 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0601 Log Links 0602 V 0603 V 0604 V 0605 t V V 0606 tFAIL gt 0607 Ic gt 0608 tlc 0609 IL gt 060A IL 060B TpAvail 060C TP 060D TP 060E totalops 060F ops tP gt 0610 tP 0611 Default Display 0612 tTest Relay 0700 Log Links FIE DIC B JA 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 21 11 10 0701 Remote 0702 Automatic 0703 Manual 0704 Raise V 0705 Lower V 0706 Block 0707 Level 1 0708 Level 2 0709 Level 3 070A Stg GRP2 Technical Manual KVGC202 KVCG202 EN MEI Page 155 Series 0800 F EI DI ICIBIA191817161 5 0801 Raise V 0802 Lower V 0803 Blocked 0804 UnBlocked 0805 V lt lt 0806 V lt 0807 V gt 0808 Tap Fail 0809 Ic gt 080A IL gt 080B IL lt 080C TotalOps gt 080D FreqOps 080E Irev 080F RUN AWAY 0810 Tap Limit 0811 Tap Odd 0812 Tap Even 0813 Auto Mode 0814 Manual Mode 0815 Select tst rlys 0816
25. LED will be flashing for any of the above conditions except for manual blocking for which it will illuminate continually It is also lit permanently during tapping if the inter tap delay time is set to zero for continuous tap change operation Functional alarms A relay output should be allocated in the relay mask to give an alarm condition for any of the functions described in this Chapter The relay masks can be found in chapter 3 Chapter 3 3 12 of this service manual The logic diagram showing the logic for each of the functions can be found in Appendix 2 Raise lower volts indication Relay outputs can be allocated in the relay masks to give an indication for raise and lower volts tap change Blocked indication Relay output can be allocated in the relay masks to give an indication for the blocked condition Undervoltage blocking V lt lt If the system voltage falls below the undervoltage blocking setting value the undervoltage detector will operate and instantaneously reset the initial time delay thus inhibiting the relay outputs to Raise or Lower tap change operations V lt lt output relay allocated in the relay mask will pick up the undervoltage blocking condition to give the alarm indication The pick up drop off ratios on the undervoltage blocking detection is 5 of the threshold setting Undervoltage detection V lt The undervoltage detector block operations that would lower the voltage further thu
26. M E1 1 Technical Manual Page 16 2 3 2 4 2 5 KVGC202 More information on safe working procedures for all electronic equipment can be found in BS5783 and IEC 60147 OF t is strongly recommended that detailed investigations on electronic circuitry or modification work should be carried out in a Special Handling Area such as described in the above mentioned BS and IEC documents Mounting Products are dispatched either individually or as part of a panel rack assembly If loose products are to be assembled into a scheme then construction details can be found in Publication R7012 If an MMLG test block is to be included it should be positioned at the right hand side of the assembly viewed from the front Modules should remain protected by their metal case during assembly into a panel or rack The design of the relay is such that the fixing holes are accessible without removal of the cover For individually mounted units an outline diagram is normally supplied showing the panel cut outs and hole centres These dimensions will also be found in Publication R6520 Unpacking Care must be taken when unpacking and installing the products so that none of the parts are damaged or the settings altered and they must only be handled by skilled persons The installation should be clean dry and reasonably free from dust and excessive vibration The site should be well lit to facilitate inspection Modules that have been removed from their ca
27. SYS Description KVGC202 01Fx 1Gx SYS Plant Ref KVGC202 01Fx 1Gx SYS Model No KVGC202 01Fx 1Gx SYS Frequency 50 Hz SYS Relay Address 255 Alarms X X X X X x X X 0 0 0 O 5 3 2 Link settings FI E DICI B 9 8 7 4 3 2 1 CTL Links 0101010 0 0 10 0 011010 LOG Links 0101010 0 0 0 0 1111010 5 3 3 Initial control settings Control Symbol Factory Settings CT Ratio 1 1 VT Ratio 1 1 Rated current In 1A Regulated voltage Vs 110V Dead band dVs 1 Circulating current compensation Vc volt In 0 Resistive LDC compensation Vr volt In 0 Reactive LDC compensation reverse Vx volt In 0 Low power factor LDC compensation Angle Vr Vx 0 Initial definite time delay tINIT DT 30 seconds Inter tap delay tINTER 5 seconds Tap pulse duration tPULSE 1 second LSB Level 1 0 LSB Level 2 0 LSB Level 3 0 Tap change indication time tTapchange 1 second Technical Manual KVCG202 EN M E1 1 KVGC202 Page 77 5 3 4 Initial logic settings Logic Symbol Factory Settings Undervoltage total inhibit level of Vs V 80V Undervoltage blocking limit V lt 100V Overvoltage blocking limit V gt 120V Over under voltage blocking timer tV lt V gt Os Total time outside dead band to failure tFAIL 180s Ex
28. Tap Fail 01000000 Ie 10000000 I 10000000 II lt 00000000 TotalOps gt 00000000 FreqOps 00000000 Trav 00000000 RUN AWAY 00000000 Tap Limit 00000000 Tap Odd 00000000 Tap Even 00000000 Auto Mode 00000000 Manual Mode 00000000 Select tst rlvs 00000000 Test Relays 0 Technical Manual KVGC202 Technical Manual KVCG202 EN M E1 1 KVGC202 Page 79 6 MEASUREMENT RECORDS AND ALARMS 6 1 Measurement The measured voltage Vbc and phase A current values IL and Ic are available in real time The rolling average calculation is used to provide a stable displayed reading of the measured values obtained from the sampled waveforms It is achieved by averaging the last eight measured or calculated values 6 1 1 Currents Current is measured once per power frequency cycle and Fourier is used to extract the fundamental component Measurements are made for line IL and circulating currents Ic These values are stored in cell locations 0203 and 0204 respectively 6 1 2 Voltages The line voltage Vbc is measured directly and stored in menu location 0201 The regulated voltage Vreg is calculated by subtracting the line compensation and circulating current compensation voltages from the line voltage Vbc This voltage is compared with the reference voltage Vs and the deviation in the regulated voltage is adjusted automatically by actuating the tap changer mechanism The regulated voltage Vreg is stored in cell l
29. Test Relays 0 Commissioning preliminaries 1 4 1 5 1 7 1 8 Serial number on case module and cover checked CT shorting switches in case checked Terminals 21 and 22 23 and 24 25 and 26 27 and 28 checked for continuity with module removed from case External wiring checked to diagram if available Earth connection to case checked Test block connections checked Insulation checked Auxiliary supply checked 3 1 3 1 1 3 1 2 Auxiliary power checked Auxiliary voltage at the relay terminals Watchdog contacts checked Supply off Terminals 3 and 5 Terminals 4 and 6 Supply on Terminals 3 and 5 tick V ac dc KVCG202 EN M E11 Page 156 Technical Manual KVGC202 Terminals 4 and 6 3 1 3 Field voltage V ac dc Metering Applied Measured value value Vs V A Ic A A IL A A Grp1 Grp2 Voltage setting Vs V V Deadband setting dVs Volts high threshold VHiGH V V Volts low threshold VLow V V Measured setting VHIGH Low 2 V V Actual dead band VHIGH VLOW V V Load shedding boosting 3 6 9 3 6 9 Measured values 3 6 9 3 6 9
30. V 48 45 60 Table 3 Settings All relays will leave the factory with the recommended settings for the KVGC202 relay under normal operating conditions set for operation at a system frequency of 50Hz refer to Chapter 5 Section 5 3 If operation at 60Hz is required then this must be set as follows From SYSTEMS DATA menu press the F key until 0009 Freq 50Hz appears on the Icd Press the key until the display shows 0009 Freq 60Hz Then press the F key once more followed by the key to confirm the change Technical Manual KVCG202 EN M E1 1 KVGC202 Page 105 9 4 1 9 5 9 5 1 There are two setting groups available this allows the user to set Group 1 to normal operating conditions while Group 2 can be set to cover abnormal operating conditions The factory settings can be changed to the customer settings by referring to the instructions detailed in Chapter 3 Section 3 4 The commissioning engineer should be supplied with all the required settings for the relay The settings should be entered into the relay via the front keypad or using a portable PC with a K Bus connection Some settings are password protected in these cases the password will also be required Selective logic functions to be tested For the selective logic checks only the features that are to be used in the application should be tested Relay settings must not be changed to enable other logic functions that are not be
31. WOIdAL JYV SNOILO3NNOO ONIH1MV3 AINO WOIdAL 34V SNOHO3NNOO LO Cell STi WNIWAAL Nid 4 0 UNNIWa31 DND1 5 C 30434 X93898 SONNIWaI LADHS o L23NNDOSIU CO 3 340438 MM SINIT DNILADHS I D ate CayalsS HSN 1 HLTAd D S Bye C of _ Sp V VA stall te We ec ZE E ec c e t toot Bs i Alddns WNMH3IX3 v N I1V1D a 3SVHd D yeeus O COCOO M OI KVGC202 Technical Manual KVCG202 EN MEI Page 148 N3Z S Ld vy 199us LO TOZODAM 0 W lvsNismno afd INIT as SRA Da evo ED d NMOHS LON 108 031238402 38 0817 aa ONLY WIAD aos SIMA Die 8 Sen NOWISOd d i VZZV3 TW G ae FOVITOA N3iS4S L AVI VJ MO4 NMOHS NOL23MNOO KAS OI ov a AINO Ou 34V SNOILJJNNOD 9NIHIUV3 AWO WOW DN SHOU23NNOO O Gidhil TID UWiIMa3L Nid o0 Walaa NOT 0 C 380 38 3v388 Se LAHS pg en Wee indi 31007 Ke CH ou pm SNIT DNIJDHS 3 e 4 41 m SUON 9NIIS008 wo LS wa 91 Z AT gt owOd3HS mei a u own ayaa WD IAIA e jum F sz SCH 8 Sie INID M e indi 21003 i H j H pi 0008 1 6 man 9 9MISOO8 0 cru i 91 Z on Lait VOT d owe aq 2 a1 e i 1 TART DEA b nn 1 8301 p Mme may ammi 21 Zen AN spt Ept m aoe EE BOU 1N388029 GHVMMHOd JO NOLO3MIG MOTI DN CYWMYOS JO NOILO3HIG c KVCG202 EN MEI Technical Manual Page 149 KVGC202 39VL10A quu get SITOA 33001
32. about fault conditions this information will be cleared along with the associated LED display when the 0 key is pressed and held for 1 second The default display can be returned to without waiting for the 15 minute delay to expire by moving to a column heading and pressing the 0 key for 1 second Accessing the menu Four keys on the front plate of the relay allow the menu to be scanned and the contents displayed on the liquid crystal display To move from the default display the F key should be pressed momentarily and the display will change to 0000 SYSTEM DATA the column heading for the first menu column Further momentary presses of the F key will step down the column row by row so that data may be read If at any time the F key is pressed and held for one second the cursor will be moved to the top of the next column and the heading for that column will be displayed Further momentary presses of the F key will then move down the new column row by row In this way the full menu of the relay may be scanned with just one key and this key is accessible with the cover in place on the relay Pressing the F and 0 keys together can step back up the column The only settings which can be changed with the cover in place are those that can be reset either to zero or some preset value by means of the 0 key provided they do not require a password to be entered To change any other settings the cover must be removed from the rel
33. all devices responding and causing contention on the bus The relay is supplied with its address set to 255 to ensure that when connected to an operational network they will not have a conflicting address with another device that are Technical Manual KVCG202 EN M E1 1 KVGC202 7 4 2 7 4 3 7 4 4 7 4 5 7 4 6 7 4 7 Page 89 already operational To make the new devices fully operational they must have their address set The address can be changed manually by entering the password and changing the address by the setting change method via the user interface on the front of the relay Alternatively if the software running on the PC supports auto addressing the relay address can be set to 0 and the auto addressing feature of the PC software turned on The relay will then be automatically set to the next available address on the bus PAS amp T software supports both these feature If the address is 255 or unknown the device address can be changed by sending a new address in a global message to a device with a particular serial number This method is useful for devices that are not provided with a user interface with which to read the or change the current address and is supported by both PAS amp T ACCESS and CourierCom Measured values Any measured value can be extracted periodically by polling the relay Measured values are stored in the menu locations under column heading MEASURE Status word A status byte is
34. as follows Set link SD3 0 to inhibit remote setting changes then set link SD1 1 to enable remote setting changes and set link CTL2 1 The group 2 settings will then be in operation and setting link SD1 0 will restore the password protection If conventional SCADA has an output relay assigned to select the alternative setting group then it may be used to energise a logic input assigned in the input mask 070A STG GRP 2 In this case set link SD3 0 Loadshedding boosting control Remote control of loadshedding boosting The KVGC202 relay responds to the loadshedding boosting by level Courier commands These commands are used to control the level of loadshedding boosting of the KVGC202 relay The relay retains the selected level until new command is received or an opto input is energised which overrides the command over the serial port The settings are stored by the relay when the relay is powered down and restored again on power up The relay will only respond to the commands via serial port if link SD2 1 Setting SD2 0 inhibits all remote commands over the serial port The following cell locations are allocated to store three levels of loadshedding boosting in the CONTROL column of the menu system LEVELS Cell Location Level 1 030E Level 2 030F Level 3 0310 KVCG202 EN MEI Technical Manual Page 92 7 6 2 KVGC202 The following truth table then applies COURIER COMMAND SELECT Lev
35. change should be initiated i e Raise or Lower volts and the CONTROL LED should be illuminated Alter the system voltage Vbc until the relay stop tapping i e both Raise and Lower volt contacts are open Determine the regulated system voltage Vreg 0202 MEASURE Check the value recorded is Vx Vph ph Vreg x 0 5V or 5 whichever is greater The measured line voltage Vph ph can be read in 0201 MEASURE Remove the load current from the relay Restore the following settings and system data links intertap delay tINTER System voltage input setting Vs circulating compensation voltage setting Vc resistive line drop compensation setting Vr KVCG202 EN MEI Technical Manual Page 112 9 6 4 3 9 6 4 4 9 6 4 5 KVGC202 reactive line drop compensation setting Vx load current setting IL Circulating current compensation Vc The relay should be commissioned with the settings calculated for the application The circulating current compensation is used when two or more transformers are paralleled The circuits monitor the amount of current circulating between the transformers and applies a compensation voltage to cause the transformers to tap up or down as required to ensure the transformers are not more than 1 tap apart For the 1A rated relay Check the relay current rating is set to 1A 0304 CONTROL For the 5A rated relay Check the relay current rating is set to 5A 0304 CONTRO
36. changer failure detection 4 10 Load shedding boosting 5 RELAY SETTINGS 5 1 Relay settings 5 1 1 Setting voltage Vs 5 1 2 Deadband dVs KVCG202 EN M E11 Page 3 43 43 43 43 44 45 46 47 47 47 48 48 49 49 51 54 56 57 63 63 63 64 65 65 65 65 65 65 69 69 69 70 70 71 71 72 72 KVCG202 EN M E11 Page 4 5 1 3 Initial time delay setting tINIT 5 1 4 Inter tap delay tINTER 5 1 5 Tap pulse duration tPULSE 5 1 6 Line drop compensation Vr and Vxl 5 1 7 Circulating current compensation Vc 5 1 8 Load shedding boosting 5 1 9 Undervoltage detector V lt 5 1 10 Overvoltage detector V gt 5 1 11 Under over voltage detector alarm delay timer tV lt V gt 5 1 12 Undervoltage blocking V lt lt 5 1 13 Circulating current detector Ic gt 5 1 14 Overcurrent detector IL gt 5 1 15 Undercurrent detector IL lt 5 1 16 Total number of tap change TotalOps 5 1 17 Total taps available TpAvail 5 1 18 Tap fail time delay tFAIL 5 1 19 Frequent operations Ops TP gt tp 5 1 20 Power factor 5 1 21 Tap change indication time tTap change 5 2 Setting group selection 5 2 1 Remote change of setting group 5 2 2 Manual change of setting group 5 2 3 Controlled change of setting group 5 3 Initial factory settings 5 3 1 System data settings 5 3 2 Link settings 5 3 3 Initial control settings 5 3 4 Initial logic settings 5 3 5 Preferred use of logic inpu
37. compensation Positive compensation Negative reactance control alternative method to circulating current compensation Supervision and monitoring Technical Manual KVGC202 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 103 103 103 103 104 104 104 104 104 105 105 105 106 106 106 106 107 107 107 108 110 110 110 111 112 112 112 113 115 Technical Manual KVGC202 9 7 1 Undervoltage detector V lt 9 7 2 Overvoltage detector V gt 9 7 3 Overcurrent Detector IL 9 7 4 Undervoltage blocking V lt lt 9 7 5 Circulating Current Detector IC 9 7 6 RunAway protection 9 7 7 Load Check 9 8 Problem solving 9 8 1 Password lost or not accepted 9 8 2 Software link settings 9 8 2 1 System links 9 8 2 2 Control links 9 8 2 3 Logic links 9 8 2 4 Second setting group not displayed or working 9 8 2 5 Software links cannot be changed 9 8 3 Alarms 9 8 3 1 Watchdog alarm 9 8 3 2 Unconfigured or uncalibrated alarm 9 8 3 3 Setting error alarm 9 8 3 4 No service alarm 9 8 3 5 No samples alarm 9 8 3 6 No Fourier alarm 9 8 4 Records 9 8 4 1 Problems with event records 9 8 5 Communications 9 8 5 1 Measured values do not change 9 8 5 2 Relay no longer responding 9 8 5 3 No response to remote control commands 9 8 6 Output relays remain picked up 9 8 7 Measurement accuracy 9 9 Maintenance 9 9 1 Preliminary checks 9 9 1 1 Earthing 9 9 1 2 Main current transformers 9 9 2 Rem
38. contact closed When an alarm condition is detected that requires some action to be taken the watchdog relay will reset and its break contact will close to give an alarm The green LED will usually follow the operation of the watchdog It will be lit when the relay is powered up operational and no abnormal conditions have been detected for healthy conditions The watchdog can be tested by setting alarm flag 6 to 1 in menu cell 0022 in the SYSTEM DATA column of the menu KVCG202 EN M E11 Technical Manual Page 82 6 3 2 6 3 3 6 4 6 4 1 6 4 2 6 4 3 6 4 4 KVGC202 Alarm indication The alarm LED will flash when the password has been entered It will be lit and remain steady when an internal fault has been detected by its self test routine The alarm flags can then be accessed to determine the fault provided the relay is still able to perform this function See chapter 3 Chapters 3 3 5 and 3 6 for more information on alarm the flags Blocked indication When the tap change operation is blocked RaiseV and LowerV it is indicated by a CONTROL LED and a relay output contact BLOCKED allocated in the relay mask The tap change operation can be blocked for any of the following conditions Tap change failure Tfail Number of tap change operations TotalOps Frequent tap change operations FreqOps Run Away protection RunAway Block logic input mask 0706 is manually initiated The CONTROL
39. contained in every reply from a slave device This is returned by the relay at the start of every message to signal important data on which the Master Station may be designed to respond automatically The flags contained are Bit 0 1 Not used Bit 1 1 Plant status word changed Bit 2 1 Control status word changed Bit 3 1 Relay busy cannot complete reply in time Bit 4 1 Relay out of service Bit 5 1 Event record available for retrieval Bit 6 1 Alarm LED lit Bit 7 1 Control LED lit Bits 6 and 7 are used to mimic the alarm and control indication on the frontplate of the slave devices They cannot be used extract fault and alarm information from a slave device because they cannot be guaranteed to be set for a long enough period to be identified Bits 5 enable the master station to respond automatically and extract event records if they are so programmed so to do Plant status word The plant status word can be found in menu cell 000C It is used to transport plant status information over the communication network This feature is not used on KVGC202 relay Control status word The control status word will be found in menu cell 000D It is used to transfer control information from the slave device to the master control unit Logic input status word The status of the logic control inputs can be observed by polling menu cell 0020 where the lowest 8 bits of the returned value indicates the
40. currents on LDC IL Ic Volts Low Figure 14 Effects of circulating currents on LDC IL Ic Volts High Figure 15 Negative reactance control 1 Figure 16 Negative reactance control 2 Figure 17 Negative reactance control at unity power factor Figure 18 Negative reactance control at non unity power factor Figure 19 Low power factor with negative reactance control and LDC 1 Figure 20 Low Power Factor with Negative Reactance Control and LDC 2 Figure 21 Pilot Method of Circulating Current Control Figure 22 Circulating Current Compensation Figure 23 Shorting of Circulating Current Control Pilot Wires Figure 24 Parallel connection of LDC circuits 18 19 36 41 43 44 44 45 46 47 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 56 56 56 58 Technical Manual KVGC202 Figure 25 Figure 26 Equivalent circuit diagram for two KVGC202 relays with paralleled LDC Figure 27 Figure 28 Figure 29 Series Connection of LDC Circuits Figure 30 Connection of 22 tap potential divider to KVGC with VT voltage Figure 31 Connection of 22 tap potential divider to KVGC with AC External supply Figure 32 Connection of 40 tap potential divider to KVGC with VT voltage input inputs KVCG202 EN M E11 Page 11 59 59 60 61 62 67 68 69 KVCG202 EN M E1 1 Technical Manual Page 12 KVGC202 Technical Manual KVCG202 EN M E1 1 KVGC202 1 1 1 2 Page 13 INTRODUCTION Introduction The KVGC202 relay is the K Range version of the MVGC vol
41. deadband i e no tapping Further tap changes are inhibited blocking tap change operation if LOG7 is set to 1 and initiate an alarm if runaway relay mask is set Check that the logic link LOG7 is set to 1 0401 LOGIC Before making the following changes note the settings for initial time delay setting tINIT intertap delay tINTER the maximum tap position TP gt minimum tap position TP lt Set the initial time delay setting tINIT to 10 seconds intertap delay tINTER to 5 seconds the maximum tap position TP gt to 40 for VT TPI or to 30 for external voltage TPI minimum tap position TP lt to 1 Set the relay mask to operate RunAway relay output contact One of the default relay mask settings can be changed for RunAway Connect a 100V ac source to tap position indication inputs terminals 19 amp 20 Apply the system voltage setting value to the input terminals 17 amp 18 Monitor Raise volts Lower volts RunAway and Blocked relay contacts all should be open Apply 50V ac to the tap position indication inputs terminals 19 amp 20 Monitor the tap position by selecting measure column from the menu system on the LCD it should be within the limits Clear any conditions displayed on the relay LCD by pressing the 0 key Change the voltage on tap position indication inputs causing the tap changer to operate Both Raise volts and Lower volts relay contacts should rem
42. drop off differentials on the excessive circulating current is 5 of the threshold setting Overcurrent detection IL If the load current IL through a transformer exceeds the threshold setting IL output relay allocated in the relay mask will pick up the excessive load current condition to give the alarm indication If the logic link LOG3 is set to 1 the operation of tap changer will be inhibited for fault or overload current through the transformer The pick up drop off differentials on the overcurrent detector is 5 of the threshold setting Undercurrent detection IL If the load current IL through a transformer drops below the threshold setting IL output relay allocated in the relay mask will pick up the insufficient load current condition to give the alarm indication If the logic link LOG8 is set to 1 the operation of tap changer will be inhibited The pick up drop off differentials on the undercurrent detector is 5 of the threshold setting Reverse current blocking Irev If the load current IL is in reverse direction Irev output relay allocated in the relay mask will pick up the reverse current condition to give the alarm indication If the logic link LOG6 is set to 1 the operation of tap changer will be inhibited and the delay timer will be reset instantaneously If the system link SD6 is set to 1 then the relay will use group 2 settings Run Away Run Away is the feature that monitors
43. initial timer Figure 7 Initial delay used for multiple tap change sequence For inverse initial delays the time delay between tap changes gets progressively longer as the voltage deviation decreases With definite initial delay settings the time delay between each tap change is the fixed initial delay setting Method 2 rapidly corrects large voltage deviations but greatly extends the total time the voltage remains outside the deadband and is suitable only where load conditions will tolerate this Technical KVGC202 4 5 Manual KVCG202 EN M E11 Page 45 Line drop compensation Throughout a voltage distribution network it is often required to regulate the system voltage at a point remote to the regulating transformer for example the customer end of a feeder The remote system voltage is to be regulated within the deadband limits irrespective of varying load current conditions As such the regulating transformer is required to supply the regulated system voltage plus the voltage drop across the feeder Due to varying power factor requirements it is necessary to consider both resistive and reactive components of the line drop voltage separately Line drop compensation LDC provides a voltage proportional to the line drop voltage derived from the line load current which is vectorially summated with the measuring supply voltage so as to boost the voltage output from the regulating transformer to supply the line drop and remote
44. is recommended that the polarity of any applied voltage is kept to the Midos standard for dc supplies the positive lead connected to terminal 13 and the negative to terminal for ac supplies the live lead is connected to terminal 13 and the neutral lead to terminal 14 Logic control inputs There are a number of logic control inputs to the relay that are optically coupled to provide galvanic isolation between the external and internal circuits They are rated at 48V and the power supply within the relay provides an isolated field voltage to energise them This arrangement keeps the power consumption of these inputs to a minimum and ensures that they always have a supply to energise them when the relay is operational Software filtering is applied to prevent induced ac signals in the external wiring causing operation of logic inputs This is achieved by sampling the logic inputs eight times per cycle and five consecutive samples have to indicate that the input is energised in a positive sense before it is accepted This ensures that the inputs are relatively immune to spurious operation from induced ac signals in the wiring The capture time is 12 2 5ms at 50Hz 10 4 2 1ms at 60Hz Note These inputs will not capture a fleeting contact unless it dwells in the closed state for a time exceeding the above values The opto isolated logic control inputs are divided into two groups three LO L1 L2 have their common connection on termi
45. is the time delay to initiate the first tap change step in a multiple sequence Further tap change steps can then be initiated by a fixed delay setting defined as the Inter tap delay Initial delay tINIT The initial Delay timer is an integrating type and so it resets at a rate equal to the rate at which it times out This ensures that a tap change sequence is initiated when the mean system voltage remains outside the deadband for the set initial delay The timer resets instantaneously if the voltage is swung through the deadband setting from one side to the other Definite Inverse time characteristics The time delay to initiate a tap change sequence may have either a definite or inverse time characteristic selectable by control link CTL1 Selection of a Definite initial time delay provides a fixed definite time delay before initiating a tap change and is independent of the voltage deviation Whereas selection of an Inverse characteristic gives the initial time delay as follows The general expression for the inverse time curve is t k initial time delay setting x 1 N where k 0 5 for initial time delay setting lt 20s k 0 for initial time delay setting gt 20s N indicates deviation from Vs in multiples of dVs and is calculated as N kee vs i dVs where Vreg Voltage to be regulated Vs Voltage setting 90 to 139V in 0 1V steps dVs Dead band 40 5 to 20 of Vs in 0 1 steps Ind
46. key to step through the alphabet until the required letter is displayed The display will increment faster if the key is held down and the key can be used in a similar way to move backwards through the alphabet When the desired character has been set the F key can be given a momentary press to move the cursor to the position for the next character The process is then be repeated to enter the remaining characters that make up the password When the fourth character is acknowledged by a momentary press of the F key the display will read Are You Sure YES NO 1 Press the 0 key if you decide not to enter the password 2 Press the key if you want to modify the your entry 3 Press the to enter the password The display will then show four stars and if the password was accepted the alarm LED will flash If the alarm LED is not flashing the password was not accepted a further attempt can be made to enter it or the F key pressed to move to the next cell Note When the password cell is displayed do not press the or key whilst the alarm LED is flashing unless you want to change the password Changing passwords When the password has been entered and the alarm LED is flashing either the or key is pressed to put the relay in setting mode A new password can now be entered as described in Chapter 3 4 6 After entering the fourth character make a note of the new password shown on the display before pres
47. local service agency KVCG202 EN MEI Technical Manual Page 122 9 8 1 9 8 2 9 8 2 1 9 8 2 2 9 8 2 3 KVGC202 Password lost or not accepted Relays are supplied with the password set to AAAA Only uppercase letters are accepted Password can be changed by the user see Chapter 3 Chapter 3 4 7 There is an additional unique recovery password associated with the relay which can be supplied by the factory or service agent if given details of its serial number The serial number will be found in the system data column of the menu and should correspond to the number on the label at the top right hand corner of the front plate of the relay If they differ quote the one in the system data column Software link settings The following functions will not work unless appropriate links are set These links apply to both group 1 and group 2 Password will need to be entered to set any links System links Set function link 0003 SD Links link 1 to 1 to enable remote control Set function link 0003 SD Links link 2 to 1 to enable remote load shed boost Set function link 0003 SD Links link 3 to 1 to enable remote change to group 2 setting Set function link 0003 SD Links link 4 to 1 to enable group 2 settings O hidden Set function link 0003 SD Links link 5 to 1 to hold group 2 setting Set function link 0003 SD Links link 6 to 1 to enable reverse current to select group 2 setting
48. one particular circuit then the reference by which the circuit is known can be entered at this time a maximum of sixteen characters are available Now move down the SYSTEM DATA column to cell 0009 Freq and set the frequency to 50Hz or 60Hz as appropriate This is an important setting because it will be the default frequency used by the analogue digital converter when appropriate signals are not available for frequency tracking If the address of the relay on the serial communication bus is known then it can be entered at this time This cell is password protected on the series 2 relays This concludes the settings that can be entered in this menu column at this time Logic links LOG The Logic Links under the LOGIC menu column heading customise the auxiliary functions of the relay To modify these settings put the relay into setting mode by pressing the key Step through the function links with the F key and set the links for the options required LOGO Not used LOG1 TpFail 1 Block if outside dead time for max time LOG2 Ic gt Bik 1 Block for excessive circulating current LOG3 IL gt Blk 1 Block for excessive load current LOG4 total opsBIk 1 Block for excessive number of operations LOG5 Freq opsBIk 1 Block for frequent operations LOG6 Trey BIk 1 Block for reverse current LOG7 Runaway Blk 1 Block for tap change runaway LOG8 EE Grp 2 1 Reverse current to select group 2
49. picks up to give an alarm indication tap changing is blocked and the flags which indicate that a tap change is expected are reset If Logic Link LOG1 is set to 1 and the relay is set in AUTO mode any further tap change operations are blocked and hence put the relay out of service until the alarm condition is cleared There is no direct inhibition of the alarm indication except by non selection in the output mask If LOG1 is set to 0 the alarm and block will be reset when the voltage is restored to within the deadband limits The tap fail delay timer is reset instantaneously when the voltage is restored to within the deadband limits Technical Manual KVCG202 EN M E1 1 KVGC202 T 7 1 7 2 7 2 1 Page 85 CONTROL FUNCTIONS AND SERIAL COMMUNICATIONS Courier language protocol Serial communications are supported over K Bus a multi drop network that readily interfaces to IEC 60870 5 FT1 2 Standards The language and protocol used for communication is Courier It has been especially developed to enable generic master station programs to access many different types of relay without the continual need to modify the master station program for each relay type The relays form a distributed data base and the Master Station polls the slave relays for any information required This includes Measured values Menu text Settings and setting limits Event records Plant status Software is available to sup
50. pilot wires are connected between terminals 21 22 see Figure 5 Appendix 3 The requirement of a pilot wire loop usually limits the use of this scheme to control transformers which are paralleled on a local site Where this is not the case then reverse reactance schemes must be used KVCG202 EN MEI Technical Manual Page 56 KVGC202 iXt Ic Ic iXt Figure 21 Pilot Method of Circulating Current Control V1 gt V2 P1484ENa IcXt VTx1 Vreg VTx2 Vreg IL IL Ic Ic IL Ic P1485ENa IL Ale Figure 22 Circulating Current Compensation 4 7 4 1 Independent parallel control Where transformers connected in parallel are controlled using the minimum circulating current principle independent operation is selected by shorting the interconnecting pilot wires as in Figure 23 21 gt EE KVGC202 A E B To pilot loop 22 T D gt P1486ENa Figure 23 Shorting of Circulating Current Control Pilot Wires Technical KVGC202 4 7 4 2 4 7 4 2 1 Manual KVCG202 EN M E11 Page 57 Contact A _ OPEN for parallel control CLOSED for independent control Contact B _ OPEN when local LV CB is closed CLOSED when local LV CB is open Circulating current control with LDC Where parallel transformers feed distribution lines and pilot wires are connected to provide circulating current control a series or a parallel connection of the LDC circuits can be used to provide correct LDC Parallel connection of LDC circui
51. protection immediately and returns the default display F long gt Move to next column heading F short YV Steps down the menu to the first item in the column HI gt Move to next column heading lt Move to previous column heading Any menu cell F short YV Steps down the menu to the next item in the column F long v Displays the heading for the next column F O long Steps back up the menu to the previous item O short Back light turns ON no other effect Ojlong Resets the value if the cell is resettable Any settable cell or Puts the relay in setting mode The password must first be entered for protected cells Setting mode 0 HI F Escapes from the setting mode without a setting change Increments value with increasing rapidity if held Decrements value with increasing rapidity if held Changes to the confirmation display If function links text relay or input masks are displayed the F key will step through them from left to right and finally change to the confirmation display KVCG202 EN M E1 1 Technical Manual Page 30 3 4 2 3 4 3 3 4 4 KVGC202 Quick Guide to Menu Control with the Four Keys Current display Key press Effect of action Confirmation mode Confirms setting and enters new setting or text HI Returns prospective change to check modify 0 Escapes from the setting mode without change The a
52. regulated voltage see Figure 8 Note the voltage input and current input for LDC to the KVGC202 are quadrature 90 connected i e IA terminals 27 28 and VBC terminals 17 18 Correct LDC can also be achieved with other quadrature connections IB and VCA or IC and VAB In the KVGC202 the resistive and reactive line drop voltage Vr and Vxl are calculated as vr NS x Ip x RL VT ratio vr N x Ip x XL VT_ratio Where Ip primary rated current of the line CT RL resistive component of line impedance XL reactive component of line impedance As can be seen from the above equations the KVGC is set in terms of the resistive and reactive volt drop that will occur when rated current is applied to the relay The relay then applies a level of compensation proportional to the level of current For example a setting of Vr 20 V will produce a compensation voltage equal to 20 lload Irated Volts Figure 9 below shows a vector diagram demonstrating the effect of the separate resistive and reactive compensation applied to the relay Remote voltage Vs Sending voltage Vs Vr Val P1472ENa Figure 8 Line drop compensation to regulate system voltage at remote point to tap changer KVCG202 EN M E1 1 Technical Manual Page 46 KVGC202 Vbus P1474ENa Figure 9 4 6 LDC Vector diagram Auto manual and remote operation modes The relay has the following modes of operation AUTO MANUAL BL
53. replaced unless either of the two boards that plug directly on to the left hand terminal block are replaced as these directly affect the calibration Note that this pcb is a through hole plated board and care must be taken not to damage it when removing a relay for replacement otherwise solder may not flow through the hole and make a good connection to the tracks on the component side of the pcb Replacing the power supply board Remove the two screws securing the right hand terminal block to the top plate of the module Remove the two screws securing the right hand terminal block to the bottom plate of the module Unplug the back plane from the power supply pcb KVCG202 EN MEI Technical Manual Page 128 KVGC202 Remove the securing screw at the top and bottom of the power supply board Withdraw the power supply board from the rear unplugging it from the front bus Reassemble in the reverse of this sequence 9 9 4 4 Replacing the back plane Remove the two screws securing the right hand terminal block to the top plate of the module Remove the two screws securing the right hand terminal block to the bottom plate of the module Unplug the back plane from the power supply pcb Twist outwards and around to the side of the module Replace the pcb and terminal block assembly Reassemble in the reverse of this sequence 9 9 5 Recalibration Whilst recalibration is not usually necessary it is possible to carry it out on site but it requ
54. response to remote commands and will retain its last set state prior to setting SD3 0 When link SD3 0 the value of the cell cannot be changed via the serial port and the value of this register will have no effect on the setting group in use Note that if SD4 0 then the group 2 settings will be hidden and group 1 will be active by default Manual change of setting group Link SD4 must be set to 1 to make the second setting group active Then manual selection of Setting Group 2 shall be effected by setting link control link CTL2 1 in the CONTROL column of the menu Controlled change of setting group Link SD4 must be set to 1 to make the second setting group active Now energising a logic input allocated in mask 070A STG GRP2 wil select setting group 2 The logic input could be energised via the contacts of one of the output relays so that change of setting group will be in response to some control or supervision functions KVCG202 EN MEI Technical Manual Page 76 KVGC202 5 3 Initial factory settings As received the relay will be configured with the settings shown below The password must first be entered before the configuration settings on the relay can be changed either via keypad or over the serial communications port 5 3 1 System data settings F EIDICIB A 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 1211 0 SYS Password AAAA SYS Function Links 0 0 0 01 10 01 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0
55. the high voltage produced may be lethal to personnel and could damage insulation Generally for safety the secondary of the line CT must be shorted before opening any connections to it For most equipment with ring terminal connections the threaded terminal block for current transformer termination has automatic CT shorting on removal of the module Therefore external shorting of the CTs may not be required the equipment documentation should be checked to see if this applies For equipment with pin terminal connections the threaded terminal block for current transformer termination does NOT have automatic CT shorting on removal of the module External resistors including voltage dependent resistors VDRs Where external resistors including voltage dependent resistors VDRs are fitted to the equipment these may present a risk of electric shock or burns if touched Battery replacement Where internal batteries are fitted they should be replaced with the recommended type and be installed with the correct polarity to avoid possible damage to the equipment buildings and persons Insulation and dielectric strength testing Insulation testing may leave capacitors charged up to a hazardous voltage At the end of each part of the test the voltage should be gradually reduced to zero to discharge capacitors before the test leads are disconnected Insertion of modules and pcb cards Modules and PCB cards must not be inserted into or
56. the tap changer operations A counter is incremented as soon as the change in tap position is detected and the maintenance timer is incremented by the time elapsed since last function call in 10ms periods When the number of tap change operations exceed a certain threshold over a preset time period FreqOps output relay allocated in the relay mask will initiate an alarm condition If logic link LOG5 is set to 1 and the relay is set in Auto mode any further tap change operations is blocked and hence putting the relay out of service until the alarm condition is cleared by pressing the 0 key The values of the timer and counter can be reset to zero when any of the following has occurred Tap change is blocked After the events have been recorded after every elapse of time period The maintenance timer has exceeded the preset time period Alternatively a reset cell command can be sent via the serial communication port These cells are password protected and cannot be reset if the password has not been entered Tap changer failure mechanism The Tap Changer Failure feature is provided to detect failure of a tap changer to respond to Raise Lower commands of the relay Tap changer failure is detected by checking if the regulated voltage fails to come within the deadband limits within the tFAIL time delay in response to a valid raise lower command If a tap change failure is detected the TapFail output relay allocated in the Relay Mask
57. the tap position and checks that an authentic tap change signal has been initiated An alarm is initiated if tap changer operates in the absence of an initiation signal or tap changer operates in a direction which causes the voltage to move further away from the desired voltage Vs Blocking condition is initiated to inhibit any further tap changes if logic link LOG7 is set to T KVCG202 EN MEI Technical Manual Page 84 6 4 11 6 4 12 6 4 13 6 4 14 KVGC202 Tap position indication The relay provides an indication of the actual tap position If the tap position read exceeds the minimum Tp lt and maximum Tp gt thresholds an output relay TapLimit allocated in the relay mask operates to give an alarm indication Tap change operations counter The relay provides an indication of the maximum number of counts of the tap changer operations TotalOps A relay totalises the number of tap change operations every time the relay initiates a tap change signal to the tap changer RaiseV or LowerV due to voltage deviation When the number of tap change operations exceeds a preset value TotalOps output relay allocated in the relay mask will initiate an alarm condition If link LOG4 is set to 1 the tap change operation is blocked and hence putting the relay out of service Frequent operations monitor The relay also provides the tap changer maintenance mechanism to monitor the frequent operations FreqOps of
58. time delay tlc Set the logic link LOG2 to 0 initial time delay setting tINIT to 0 seconds intertap delay tINTER to 0 seconds KVCG202 EN M E11 Technical Manual Page 118 KVGC202 circulating current setting Ic 0 2 to 0 5A 1A 0 1 to 2 5A 5A the excessive circulating current time delay tIC to 0 seconds For the 1A rated relay Check the relay current rating is set to 1A 0304 CONTROL Connect a current source to the 1A circulating current terminals 23 amp 24 with terminals 25 amp 26 open For the 5A rated relay Check the relay current rating is set to 5A 0304 CONTROL Connect a current source to the 5A circulating current terminals 25 amp 26 with terminals 23 amp 24 open Set the relay mask to operate Ic gt and Blocked relay output contacts Both relay contacts should be open Slowly increase the circulating current from zero and measure the current at which the Ic gt relay contact closes The text on the LCD display should indicate excessive circulating current detected Check the measured current is in the range Ic 5 Reduce the circulating current below the threshold setting and the Ic gt alarm should clear automatically along with the Ic gt text on the LCD Set the timer to start from application of circulating current and stop on closing of Ic gt relay contacts Set the excessive circulating current time delay setting tIC to
59. to indicate that one or more system fault indications are present Technical Manual KVCG202 EN MEI KVGC202 Page 19 3 2 3 3 2 4 3 3 Keypad The four keys perform the following functions F _ function select digit select key next column put in setting mode increment value accept key previous column LI putin setting mode decrement value reject key next column 0 reset escape change default display key Note Only the F and 0 keys are accessible when the relay cover is in place Liquid crystal display The liquid crystal display has two lines each of sixteen characters A back light is activated when any key on the front plate is momentarily pressed and will remain lit until ten minutes after the last key press This enables the display to be read in all conditions of ambient lighting The back light will automatically switch off after one minute of keypad inactivity The numbers printed on the front plate just below the display identify the individual digits that are displayed for some of the settings i e function links relay masks etc Menu system F CF CF CF Bal LONG V lone 10NG onc UU toNG ACF 0l ACF 9l ACF 40 F 0 4 CFISHORT 4 CF JSHORT 4 LF sHoRr Y LF sHoRr L P1466ENa Figure 2 Menu format Settings measured values alarm records and system data resides in a ta
60. voltage So using the above example if the TPI voltage is 30V the tap position will be shown as 3 and the relay will not re calculate the tap position unless the voltage changes by 65 of the step increment i e gt 36 5 V or lt 23 5 V An external potential divider is used to provide a voltage to the KVGC TPI input which is proportional to the tap position For this purpose a 3EA22A device is available This unit provides a series chain of 22 x 390 ohm resistors mounted on two PCBs in a 150 mm DIN case When used with the KVGC to indicate up to 22 tap positions the regulated voltage is applied across the 22 resistor chain as shown in Figure 30 using the VT voltage When used with the KVGC to indicate up to 40 tap positions the regulated voltage is applied across a 40 resistor chain in 2 potential divider units as shown in Figure 32 using the VT voltage Where there are less than 22 taps with one potential divider or 40 taps with two potential dividers on the transformer the higher tap position switches are not connected The connection of the TPI to the KVGC202 using the VT voltage is shown in Figures 30 and 32 The connection using an external voltage is the same except the external voltage is connected to terminals 15 16 as well as across the resistor chain see Figure 31 When the tap position contacts change over after a tap change command there may be a momentary condition when all the contacts are open which will make the TPI think the tap
61. 10 seconds Set the circulating current Ic setting to 0 5In Apply 105 of Ic to terminals 23 amp 24 terminals 25 amp 26 for the 5A relay and measure the time It should be 10 seconds 5 The Ic gt relay contact should be closed Reduce the circulating current to zero Set the logic link LOG2 to 1 the alarm condition will now also cause the blocking of the tap control operation Slowly increase the circulating current from zero and measure the current at which the Ic gt relay contact closes The text on the LCD display should indicate excessive circulating current detected The Ic gt and Blocked relay contacts should be closed Both Raise volts and Lower volts contacts should be open Remove the current flowing into the circulating current detector Restore the following settings logic link LOG2 initial time delay setting tINIT intertap delay tINTER circulating current setting Ic the excessive circulating current time delay tIC Technical Manual KVCG202 EN M E1 1 KVGC202 Page 119 9 7 6 RunAway protection The relay should be commissioned with the settings calculated for the application This test checks the runaway protection feature which monitors the tap position to check if the tap changer operates in a direction which causes the voltage to move further away from the desired voltage Vs OR tap changer operates while the voltage is within the
62. 2 and then decrementing or incrementing the address Then exit setting mode as described in Chapter 3 4 3 There is a feature in Courier that can be used to automatically allocate an address to the relay provided the master station software supports this feature It is recommended that the user enters a name for the plant reference in the appropriate menu cell and then sets the address manually to 0 f auto addressing has been selected in the master station software the master station will then detect that a new relay has been added to the network and automatically allocate the next available address on the bus to which that relay is connected and communications will then be fully established Setting input masks An eight bit mask is allocated to each control function that can be influenced by an external input applied to one or more of the logic inputs When the menu cell for an input mask is selected the top line of the display shows text describing the function to be controlled by the inputs selected in the mask A series of 1 and O on the bottom line of the display indicate which logic inputs are selected to exert control The numbers printed on the front plate under the display indicate each of the logic inputs L7 to LO being displayed A 1 indicates that a particular input is assigned to the displayed control function and a 0 indicates that it is not The same input may be used to control more than one function Setting
63. 9 leading in one transformer and lagging in the others relative to the IL component which is of a predominantly higher power factor The effect of the circulating current is to increase the CR transformer copper losses and hence the operating temperature of the transformers For a small tap disparity one or two taps apart it can be shown that both these effects are negligible A large tap disparity can give rise to a circulating current in the transformers which exceeds the full load ratings of the transformers This effectively sets a limit to the allowable difference between the tap positions of the transformers There is a temptation to think that tapchangers must always be kept perfectly in step but in practice this is rarely necessary Runaway A situation that must be avoided is where tapchangers run to their opposite limits For this situation the losses discussed in the previous section would certainly be excessive but more importantly voltage control would be completely lost Unfortunately the basic VRR with or without LDC will not ensure that parallel transformers are kept in step In fact if basic VRR s were applied separately to two parallel transformers it would soon lead to runaway and it is important to understand how it would occur Even if the systems on each transformer appeared to be identical component tolerances would cause one VRR to operate before the other Say for example that as the load increased and the busbar
64. An alternative method of parallel control of transformers are the circulating current control schemes These offer the advantage of achieving a fully stable operating scheme whilst retaining both resistive and reactive components of line drop compensation These schemes are preferred where a large variation in system power factor is envisaged Where the paralleled transformers are not of similar electrical characteristics then it is necessary to include interposing CTs to provide suitable coupling between transformers Technical Manual KVCG202 EN M E1 1 KVGC202 Page 55 Circulating current control is obtained by separating the IL and Ic components fed into the LDC circuits This is obtained by interconnection via pilot wires between the relays in a parallel group The average of the two currents IL Ic and IL Ic seen by the VRRs IL is circulated through the pilot wires The remaining currents Ic and Ic are then circulated through the tertiary windings of the circulating current transformers of the VRRs These extracted Ic currents are then used to derive a variable compensating voltage Vc which is set to offset the adverse effects of ICXL as previously described Precise values of Vc are determined during commissioning procedures to give stable control of two or more transformers in a parallel group An approximate setting is given by vc NS x IP x XT VT ratio where XT reactance of the transformer As can be seen from the above equat
65. C supply AC supply Crest V V V V 24 125 19 150 50 133 190 48 250 33 300 87 265 380 Nominal rating Operative range Hz Hz 50 or 60 45 65 50 47 52 5 60 57 63 Rating Off state On state Vdc Vdc Vdc 50 lt 12 235 48V dc current limited to 60mA Circulating Line Conditions 2 600 0 007 ohms at In 2 600 0 007 ohms at an 0 100 0 007 ohms at In 0 100 0 007 ohms at 30 n 0 02VA 110V phase neutral KVCG202 EN M E11 Technical Manual Page 94 KVGC202 8 3 3 Auxiliary voltage The burden on the auxiliary supply depends upon the number of output relays and control inputs energised DC supply 2 5 6 0W at Vx max with no output relays or logic inputs energized 4 0 8 0W at Vx max with 2 output relays amp 2 logic inputs energized 5 5 12W at Vx max with all output relays amp logic inputs energized AC supply 6 0 12VA at Vx max with no output relays or logic inputs energized 6 0 14VA at Vx max with 2 output relays amp 2 logic inputs energized 13 23VA at Vx max with all output relays amp logic inputs energized 8 3 4 Opto isolated inputs DC supply 0 25W per input 50V 10ky 8 4 Control function setting ranges Setting Symbols Setting range Step size Regulated voltage Vs 90 139V 0 1V Deadband dVs 0 5 to 20 96 of Vs 0 1 Resistive line drop compensation Vr 0 50V 1 0V Reactive line drop compensation Vxl 50 50V 1 0V Circulating current compensation
66. CG202 EN M E1 1 KVGC202 9 7 9 7 1 9 7 2 Page 115 Supervision and monitoring Undervoltage detector V The relay should be commissioned with the settings calculated for the application The undervoltage detector blocks Lower operations to prevent lower voltage on busbars local to the transformer Before making the following changes note the settings for initial time delay setting tINIT intertap delay tINTER undervoltage setting V Set the initial time delay setting tINIT to 2 seconds intertap delay tINTER to 0 seconds undervoltage setting V lt to 80V to 130V Set the relay output mask to operate undervoltage detector V these contacts should be open Raise volts contacts should also be open Apply 95 of the system voltage setting to input terminals 17 amp 18 After the initial time delay the CONTROL LED should illuminate the Raise volts contacts should close and the Lower volts contacts should open Slowly reduce the applied voltage and measure the voltage at which the undervoltage relay contact V closes Check the measured voltage is within V lt 2 of setting Check the Lower volts contacts remain open and Raise volts contacts remain closed Increase the applied voltage above Vs setting and ensure Lower volts contact closes and Raise volts contact opens Restore the following settings initial time delay setting tINIT
67. K Bus K Bus transmission layer K Bus connections Ancillary equipment Software support Courier Access PAS amp T CourierCom PC requirements Modem requirements Data for system integration KVCG202 EN M E11 Page 5 80 80 81 81 81 81 81 81 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 83 83 83 83 83 83 84 84 84 84 85 85 85 85 86 87 87 87 87 87 87 88 88 KVCG202 EN M E11 Page 6 7 4 1 Relay address 7 4 2 Measured values 7 4 3 Status word 7 4 4 Plant status word 7 4 5 Control status word 7 4 6 Logic input status word 7 4 7 Output relay status word 7 4 8 Alarm indications 7 4 9 Event records 7 4 10 Notes on recorded times 7 5 Setting control 7 5 1 Remote setting change 7 5 2 Remote control of setting group 7 6 Loadshedding boosting control 7 6 1 Remote control of loadshedding boosting 7 6 2 Local control of loadshedding boosting 8 TECHNICAL DATA 8 1 Ratings 8 1 1 Inputs 8 2 Outputs 8 3 Burdens 8 3 1 Current circuits 8 3 2 Reference voltage 8 3 3 Auxiliary voltage 8 3 4 Opto isolated inputs 8 4 Control function setting ranges 8 5 Time delay setting ranges 8 5 1 Inverse time delay 8 5 2 Definite time delay 8 6 Supervision function settings 8 7 Transformer ratios 8 8 Measurement displayed 8 9 Accuracy 8 9 1 Current 8 9 2 Time delays 8 9 3 Directional 8 9 4 Measurements Technical Manual KVGC202 88 89 89 89 89 89 89 90 90 90 90 91 91
68. KVGC202 Technical Manual Voltage Regulating Control Relays Publication Reference KVGC202 EN M E11 the accuracy or completeness of such data or the achievement of any projected performance criteria where these are indicated ALSTOM reserves the right to revise or KVGC202 EN M E11 2011 ALSTOM the ALSTOM logo and any alternative version thereof are trademarks and service marks of ALSTOM The other names mentioned registered or not are the property of their respective companies The technical and other data contained in this document is provided for information only Neither ALSTOM its officers or employees accept responsibility for or should be taken as making any representation or warranty whether express or implied as to G RI D change this data at any time without further notice Safety Section SAFETY SECTION Safety Section Safety Section SS 1 CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION 3 2 HEALTH AND SAFETY 3 3 SYMBOLS AND EXTERNAL LABELS ON THE EQUIPMENT 4 3 1 Symbols 4 3 2 Labels 4 4 INSTALLING COMMISSIONING AND SERVICING 4 5 DE COMMISSIONING AND DISPOSAL 7 6 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR SAFETY 7 6 1 Protective fuse rating 7 6 2 Protective class 7 6 3 Installation category 7 6 4 Environment 8 Safety Section SS 2 Safety Section SS 3 STANDARD SAFETY STATEMENTS AND EXTERNAL LABEL INFORMATION FOR ALSTOM GRID EQUIPMENT 1 INTRODUCTION This Safety Section and the relevant equipment documentati
69. L Before making the following changes note the settings for intertap delay tINTER system voltage Vs circulating compensation voltage Vc resistive line drop compensation setting Vr reactive line drop compensation setting Vx load current setting IL Set the intertap delay tINTER to 0 seconds System voltage input setting Vs to 100V circulating compensation voltage setting Vc to 10V resistive line drop compensation setting Vr to OV reactive line drop compensation setting Vx to OV circulating current setting Ic to In Negative compensation Apply 0 2In to the circulating current Ic inputs terminals 23 amp 24 For the 5A rated relay use terminals 25 amp 26 Adjust the phase shifter to give a 180 degree phase angle negative Ic compensation between the system voltage input and circulating current A tap change should be initiated i e Raise or Lower volts and the CONTROL LED should be illuminated Alter the system voltage Vbc until the relay stops tapping i e both Raise and Lower volt contacts are open Determine the regulated system voltage Vreg 0202 MEASURE Check the value recorded is Vs 2V 5 Remove the load current from the relay Positive compensation Apply 0 2In to the circulating current Ic inputs terminals 23 amp 24 For the 5A rated relay use terminals 25 amp 26 Adjust the phase shifter to give a 0 degree phase angle positive Ic compens
70. LOGY Il lt blk 1 Block for insufficient current KVCG202 EN M E1 1 Technical Manual Page 40 4 2 3 4 2 4 4 3 KVGC202 When the selection has been completed continue to press the F key until the confirmation display appears and confirm the selection Control links CTL The Control Links under the CONTROL menu column heading customise the auxiliary functions of the relay Put the relay into setting mode by pressing the key Step through the function links with the F key and set the links for the options required CTLO Not used CTL1 tINV 1 lnverse time delay for initial tap delay When the selection has been completed continue to press the F key until the confirmation display appears and confirm the selection Default logic inputs The function of the programmable logic inputs is selected in the INPUTS menu column The following settings are not mandatory but it is suggested that they are followed where possible so that different schemes will use a particular logic input for the same or similar function LO Automatic Sets KVGC to automatic regulation of voltage L1 Manual Only manual tap changes disables automatic control L2 Raise V Raises the voltage by 1 tap in manual mode L3 Lower V Lowers the voltage by 1 tap in manual mode L4 Block Inhibits operation and resets timers L5 Level 1 Sets load shedding boost to level 1 L6 Level 2 Sets load shedding boost to level 2 L7 Level
71. N389305 OYVMYOJ jO NOILO3MIG I i I I I I I I I I i i i I I I I I I 1 i i i i i I I I I I i i H i i i t m I v AlddnS 39VITOA WILSAS Ki AIddNS WNYJLXI Ov MiMv 19 MHO4 NMOHS LON INg G3193NNOO 38 GINOHS 84 4 STVNINYSL NOILISOd dvi VZZV3 TV MiWv 19 HOJ NMOHS LON In8 G3193NNOO 38 GINOHS ZZ 4 STWNINYSL NOILISOd dvi vzzv3e TW AINO WOIdAL 3BV SNOILOJNNOD 9NIHIBV3 ANO WOidAl JYV SNOI1O3NNOO F CAdAL TI WNIWa31 Nid o0 NIAI OM C 3a0434 Wad STWVNIN331I LaDHS L23NNDOSIG CO 9 Cw 340438 YA SANIT DNLLADHS L3 ec T E a g VV P un Ska H VV Gd SCH gt x stet bt Xlddns TWNH3LX ow NOILyina 3SVHd 2 7 1eeus 00 ZOZOA O Page 143 KVCG202 EN MEI Technical Manual KVGC202 eNAzEeSld W livsN3sMU2 deg NIT ana SWIA Td e ANE O4 NMOHS ION 1n8 gon 38 08107 zsm DNIV 03313 ani SBMA iDa a GWMOHS ZZ San NOlISOd d i VZZV3 TW WiddnS JOVLIOA WISIS Z ANTM Vj YOS NMOHS NOUO3NNOD y dns wap OV 9 AWO OM JAV SNOLO3NNOO ONIMIBN3 INO IO JYV SNOILJJNNOD L O Z CAL TID Wis Nia 9 geint Oe e9 0 OC X43 wg SNINA LAHS rg Mee indNI 2 0071 10346058 C 3 C 340438 SINIT OM 3 eo 4 ot sam See sore KE Mom NOD iNNi 31007 Pee I a gt 4 E Seef 2 L 1 aii D I 9 o D Ka D ee 1 i 1 i I I I I I 1
72. OCK REMOTE It may be desirable before carrying out checks during commissioning to prevent tap change initiation by selecting MANUAL operating mode The selection of AUTO MANUAL modes can be made remotely or locally by a menu setting a logic input which can be toggled or through the user interfaces The remote selection of AUTO and MANUAL modes can only be made when link SD1 is set to 1 or the REMOTE opto input is energised When switched from a locally selected mode to remote the relay remains in the last locally selected mode until a new mode is selected remotely The operating modes of AUTO and MANUAL are memorised so that the relay will revert to the last selected mode following an auxiliary power supply interruption Three opto inputs AUTO MANUAL and REMOTE can be used for local operating mode selection AUTO and MANUAL select tap change control in service and REMOTE enables remote control of AUTO or MANUAL modes In MANUAL mode the tap change initiating signal is independent of the voltage at the remote end and does not take line drop compensation or circulating current compensation into account Also the delay timer is reset instantaneously and runaway protection is disabled as long as MANUAL mode is selected but all other relay functions work as normal If external switching is used to tap the transformer rather than the relay whilst it is in MANUAL mode then the relay will ignore the start position when it is turned to A
73. PCTs the integrity of the protective earth connections should be ensured by use of a locknut or similar The recommended minimum protective conductor earth wire size is 2 5 mm 3 3 mm for North America unless otherwise stated in the technical data section of the equipment documentation or otherwise required by local or country wiring regulations The protective conductor earth connection must be low inductance and as short as possible All connections to the equipment must have a defined potential Connections that are pre wired but not used should preferably be grounded when binary inputs and output relays are isolated When binary inputs and output relays are connected to common potential the pre wired but unused connections should be connected to the common potential of the grouped connections Before energizing the equipment the following should be checked Voltage rating polarity rating label equipment documentation CT circuit rating rating label and integrity of connections Protective fuse rating Integrity of the protective conductor earth connection where applicable Voltage and current rating of external wiring applicable to the application Accidental touching of exposed terminals If working in an area of restricted space such as a cubicle where there is a risk of electric shock due to accidental touching of terminals which do not comply with IP20 rating then a suitable protective barrier sh
74. READ 1 Under voltage detection 0108 V blkRaise READ 1 Over voltage detection 0109 TpFail READ 1 Voltage remains outside deadband 010A Ic READ 1 Excessive circulating current 010B IL READ 1 Line overcurrent detection 010C TotalOps gt READ 1 Tap change operations exceed thresh 010D FreqOps READ 1 Frequent tap change operations 010E Trev READ 1 Reverse current blocking 010F Run Away READ 1 Invalid tap change operation 0110 TapLimit READ 1 Tap position above below threshold 0111 IL READ 17 Line undercurrent detection Measure Cell Text Status Description 0200 MEASURE READ Column heading 0201 Vph Vph READ Measured line voltage 0202 Vreg READ Regulated voltage Vbc Vr Vx Vc 0203 Ic READ Circulating current Technical KVGC202 3 3 8 3 3 9 Manual KVCG202 EN M E11 Page 25 Cell Text Status Description 0204 IL READ Load current 0205 Power Fact READ Calculated from Ia 90 with respect to Vbc 0206 Frequency READ Measured frequency 0207 TapPosition READ Actual tap position 0208 Highest tap RESE Highest tap used since last reset T 0209 Lowest tap RESE Lowest tap used since last reset T 020A Total Ops RESE Total number of operations T 020B Freq Ops RESE Total number of frequent operations T 020C tREMAIN READ Time remaining to change next tap Control 1 Cell Text Status Description 0300 CONTROL 1 READ
75. RODUCED MAY BE LETHAL TO PERSONNEL AND COULD DAMAGE INSULATION Technical Manual KVCG202 EN M E1 1 KVGC202 9 1 7 9 2 9 2 1 Page 103 Test block If the MMLG test block is provided the connections should be checked to the scheme diagram particularly that the supply connections are to the live side of the test block coloured orange and with the terminals allocated odd numbers 1 3 5 7 etc The auxiliary supply is normally routed via terminals 13 and 15 but check against the schematic diagram for the installation Insulation Insulation tests only need to be done when required Isolate all wiring from the earth and test the insulation with an electronic or brushless insulation tester at a dc voltage not exceeding 1000V Terminals of the same circuits should be temporarily strapped together The main groups on the relays are given below but they may be modified by external connection as can be determined from the scheme diagram a Current transformer circuits b Voltage transformer circuits d c Auxiliary voltage supply Field voltage output and opto isolated control inputs e Relay contacts f Communication port g Case earth Note Do not apply an insulation test between the auxiliary supply and the capacitor discharge terminals because they are part of the same circuit and internally connected Commissioning test notes Equipment required For KVGC202 relays the following equipm
76. SD Links link 5 to 1 to turn on the group 2 settings Set function links 0301 CTL1 and 0501 CTL2 Links link 2 to 1 to hold settings for group 2 Software links cannot be changed Enter the password as these menu cells are protected Links are not selectable if associated text is not displayed SD link 0009 cannot be selected if associated extra v t has not been fitted Alarms If the watchdog relay operates first check that the relay is energised from the auxiliary supply If it is then try to determine the cause of the problem by examining the alarm flags towards the bottom of the SYSTEM DATA column of the menu This will not be possible if the display is not responding to key presses Having attempted to determine the cause of the alarm it may be possible to return the relay to an operable state by resetting it To do this remove the auxiliary power supply for approximately 10 seconds possibly by withdrawing the module from its case Then re establish the supplies and the relay should in most cases return to an operating state Recheck the alarm status if the alarm led is still indicating an alarm state The following notes will give further guidance Watchdog alarm The watchdog relay will pick up when the relay is operational to indicate a healthy state with its make contact closed When an alarm condition that requires some action to be taken is detected the watchdog relay resets and its break contact will clos
77. TROL LED will flash and the textual information for the condition is displayed via the correct default display Tap change failure Tfail Number of tap change operations TotalOps Frequent tap change operations FreqOps Run Away Protection RunAway The CONTROL LED can be reset only after these conditions are cleared by depressing the 0 key for 1 second The only other time the CONTROL LED is lit permanently is when the inter tap delay is set to zero for continuous tap change operation KVCG202 EN M E1 1 Technical Manual Page 34 KVGC202 3 5 External connections Standard connection table Function Terminal Function Earth Terminal _ 1 2 _ Not used Watchdog Relay b 3 4 m Watchdog Relay Break contact 5 6 Make contact 48V Field Voltage 7 8 48V Field Voltage Not used _ 9 10 _ Not used Not used _ 11 12 _ Not used Auxiliary Supply 13 14 Auxiliary Supply dc or ac dc or ac External TPI In 15 16 In External TPI System Voltage In 17 18 In System Voltage Input phase C Input phase B Tap position indication In 19 20 In Tap position indication phase phase B C Pilot wire connection _ 21 22 _ Pilot wire connection Circulating current 1A In 23 24 Out Circulating current 1A Circulating current 5A In 25 26 Out Circulating current 5A Load current In 27 28 Out Load current Output Rela
78. UTO mode thus preventing a runaway alarm In MANUAL operating mode three options are available Block the tap change Raise voltage or Lower voltage After each tap change operation has been signaled the selection will automatically return to the idle condition Two output relay masks for Manual Mode and Auto Mode are provided to allow an external indication of the operating mode Technical Manual KVCG202 EN MEI 4 6 1 Remote change of operating mode Either link SD1 must be set to 1 or the REMOTE input mask must be energised before the relay will respond to a remote command to change the operating mode The Mode command in the STATUS menu is used to remotely or locally select Manual or Auto operating modes The operating mode is remembered when the relay is powered down and restored on power up When link SD1 0 the relay will retain its last set operating mode prior to setting SD1 0 When link SD1 is set to 0 the operating mode cannot be changed via the serial port and the mode command will have no effect on the operating mode in use 4 6 2 Manual change of operating mode via logic input The energisation of the opto input allocated with the input mask MANUAL will select the Manual operating mode In MANUAL mode energising either RAISE or LOWER input masks will cause the relay to provide an initiating signal to Raise or Lower to the tap changer 4 7 Paral
79. UTSIDE DEADBAND EXCESIVE LA CIRCULATING CURRENT Lj L LINE OVERCURRENT LINE UNDERCURRENT TotalOps TAP CHANGE FreqOps Qoo MAINTENANCE REVERSE CURRENT GIO Li REVERSE CURRENT DETECTION RUN AWAY Von CO Li RUNAWAY DETECTION Oi CHANGE O70A STG GRP 2 SETTING lt 34178 5 4 3 2 1 0 O1 CHANGE TO GROUP Remote set Grp2 SETTING GROUP 2 erre EE RESET o O1 TPI V Tp gt 0810 TAP LIMIT TAP POSITION 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 LOGIC Tp lt TAP 240 TAP 2 0 Technical Manual KVCG202 EN M E1 1 KVGC202 Page 137 KVCG202 EN M E11 Technical Manual Page 138 KVGC202 APPENDIX 3 Technical Manual KVCG202 EN M E1 1 KVGC202 Page 139 Technical Manual KVCG202 EN M E1 1 KVGC202 Page 140 EeN36 SLd 39V110 g1T313 Agir ONOS 140d SNOILV2INnMWOO ME a NOII23NNO2 HI 3SVO 0ZO9A3 73 Qqaxuv4 ans q J D Ze AHLW3H AVI34 i J v 2 NDWWD2 1ndNI 31907
80. V dc 50Vdc 10kQ add 12kQ for every additional 50V in excess of 50V 2kQ for single input at 40V min 1kQ for 2 inputs in parallel at 40V min 0 5kQ for 4 inputs in parallel at 40V min 50V rms thermal limit 250V rms via 0 1uF 1 make 30A and carry for 0 2s 5A continuous DC 50W resistive 25W inductive L R 0 04s AC 1250VA maxima of 5A Subject to a maxima of 5A and 300V 1 make 1 break 10A and carry for 0 2s 5A continuous DC 30W resistive DC 15W inductive L R 0 04s AC 1250VA maxima of 5A Subject to a maxima of 5A and 300V 210 000 operations 16 character by 2 line Liquid Crystal Display with backlight 8 14 Communication port Language Courier Transmission Synchronous RS485 voltage levels Format HDLC Baud Rate 64k bit per second K Bus Cable Screened twisted pair Length 1000m KVCG202 EN MEI Technical Manual Page 98 8 15 8 16 8 16 1 8 16 2 8 16 3 8 17 8 17 1 8 17 2 8 17 3 8 17 4 8 17 5 8 17 6 KVGC202 Bus Loading 32 units mulitdrop system Current transformer requirements Relay and CT Nominal output class Acuracy class Accuracy limit factor secondary rated VA x rated current 1 5A 2 5 5P 5 High voltage withstand Dielectric withstand IEC 255 5 1977 2 0kV rms for 1 minute between all terminals connected together and case earth except terminal 1 2 0kV rms for 1 minute between terminals of independen
81. Vc 0 50V 1 0V Load shedding boosting 0 10 of Vs 196 Total taps available TapsAvail 1 30 1 Maximum tap position TP 1 40 1 30 1 Minimum tap position TP 1 30 1 30 1 Total number of tap changes TotalOps gt 1 10000 1 Tap changer operations Ops tP gt 1 100 1 Time period tP 0 24 hrs 1hr Intertap delay tINTER 0 120 seconds 0 1s Tap pulse duration tPULSE 0 5 5 seconds 0 5s Tap change indication time tTapChange 1 3 seconds 0 1s 8 5 Time delay setting ranges 8 5 1 Inverse time delay The general expression for the inverse time curve t k initial time delay setting x 1 N where k 0 5 forinitial time delay setting 20s 0 for initial time delay setting gt 20s N indicates deviation from Vs in multiples of Vdb and is calculated as Vreg Vs 100 N Vs dVs where Vreg Voltage to be regulated 90 to 139V in step 0 1V Vs Voltage setting dVs Dead band 0 5 to 20 of Vs in step 0 1 Technical KVGC202 8 5 2 8 6 8 7 8 8 8 9 8 9 1 8 9 2 Manual Definite time delay Setting Initial time definite Supervision function settings Setting Undervoltage blocking Undervoltage detection Overvoltage detection Circulating current Load current Load current Excessive circulating current time delay Alarm initiation time delay Power factor angle Transformer ratios CT ratios VT ratios KVCG202 EN MEI Symbols Setting rang
82. Where R is the resistive component of the line and X is the reactive component of the line and IL is at unity power factor Figure 12 shows the voltage seen by the relays with transformers T1 and T2 on the same tap position If the system now requires a raise voltage tap change and T1 operates before T2 then a circulating current Ic which is almost purely reactive is created as previously described Both VRR1 and VRR2 now see the circulating current as an additional load current In this example transformer T1 is on a higher tap than transformer T2 This will force circulating current to flow from T1 into T2 The current measured by the relay on T1 will therefore be IL lc and the current seen by the relay on T2 will be IL Ic KVCG202 EN M E1 1 Technical Manual Page 50 KVGC202 If these currents are applied to relays that are set up for line drop compensation then the circulating current will constitute an error signal Figure 13 shows the relay that sees IL Ic i e T2 which is on too low a tap and would require a raise voltage signal The circulating current is reactive and is therefore shown leading the load current by 90 leading because it is negative Ic This current component will provide resistive and reactive compensation which is likewise leading the Vr and Vxl load current compensation by 90 The relay is trying to regulate to a remote voltage shown by Vrem However the circulating current has caused the relay to be present
83. acts should be open The Blocked and RunAway relay contacts should be closed KVCG202 EN MEI Technical Manual Page 120 KVGC202 Decrease the system input voltage to Vs Reset the relay to clear the RunAway alarm by depressing the 0 key The CONTROL LED should be extinguished The Blocked and RunAway relay contacts should be open Set the logic link LOG7 to 0 Repeat the above tests and this time the RunAway function should not cause blocking of the Raise volts or Lower volts relay contacts RunAway relay contacts should operate as it did in the above tests Technical Manual KVCG202 EN M E1 1 KVGC202 9 7 7 9 8 Page 121 Restore the following settings initial time delay setting tINIT intertap delay tINTER the maximum tap position TP gt minimum tap position TP Load Check When the line drop compensation facility is used check by applying a load down the line to prove that the polarities of the VT and CT are connected to the relay correctly Large load current will provide a more conclusive result Calculate the expected voltage drops for both the Resistive and Reactive components in the line at the CT rated primary current and convert these to secondary valued using the VT ratio vr Dex v EX VT ratio VT ratio Where Ip primary rated current of line CT R resistive component of line impedance XL reactive component of line impedanc
84. ad via the serial communication port and a K Bus IEC 60870 5 Interface Unit will be required to enable the serial port to be connected to an IBM or compatible PC Suitable software will be required to run on the PC so that the records can be extracted When the event buffer becomes full the oldest record is overwritten by the next event Records are deleted when the auxiliary supply to the relay is removed to ensure that the buffer does not contain invalid data Dual powered relays are most likely to be affected The time tag will be valid for 49 days assuming that the auxiliary supply has not been lost within that time However there may be an error of 4 3s in every 24 hour period due to the accuracy limits of the crystal This is not a problem when a Master Station is on line as the relays will usually be polled once every second or so The contents of the event record are documented in chapter 6 Chapter 6 2 Notes on recorded times As described in chapter 6 Chapter 6 2 2 the event records are appended with the value of a 1 millisecond counter and the current value of the counter is appended to the start of each reply form a relay Thus it is possible to calculate how long ago the event took place and subtract this from the current value of the real time clock in the PC If transmission is to be over a modem there will be additional delays in the communication path In which case the KITZ can be selected to append the real time at which th
85. ain open The Blocked and RunAway relay contacts should be closed Reset the relay to clear the RunAway alarm by depressing the 0 key The CONTROL LED should be extinguished The Blocked and RunAway relay contacts should be open Decrease the system input voltage Vs causing the voltage to go outside the lower deadband The CONTROL LED and Raise volts contact should operate for a period of tPULSE and Lower V contacts should remain open Decrease voltage on tap position indication inputs causing the tap changer to lower the voltage instead of raising it The CONTROL LED should be permanently lit and the Raise volts and Lower volts contacts should be open The Blocked and RunAway relay contacts should be closed Increase the system input voltage to the Vs setting Reset the relay to clear the RunAway alarm by depressing the 0 key The CONTROL LED should be extinguished The Blocked and RunAway relay contacts should be open Increase the system input voltage The CONTROL LED and Lower volts contact should operate for a period of tPULSE The RunAway Blocked and Raise volts contacts should be open Increase the voltage to tap position indication inputs causing the tap changer to operate to increase the voltage instead of lowering it The CONTROL LED should be lit permanently The Raise volts and Lower volts relay cont
86. al to raise the tap changer 0705 Lower V PWP Logic input to manually initiate signal to lower the tap changer 0706 Block PWP Logic input to block tap change operation raise and lower 0707 Level 1 PWP Logic input for load shedding boosting level 1 0708 Level 2 PWP Logic input for load shedding boosting level 2 0709 Level 3 PWP Logic input load shedding boosting level 3 070A Stg Grp2 PWP Logic input to select group 2 settings from external input Relay masks Cell Text Status Description 0800 RELAY MASKS READ Column heading 0801 Raise V PWP Indication for raise volts tap change block 0802 Lower V PWP Indication for lower voltage tap change block 0803 Blocked PWP Indication if both raise and lower tap change operations are inhibited 0804 UnBlocked PWP Indication if tap change operations are not inhibited 0805 V lt lt PWP Alarm indication for under voltage blocking 0806 V lt PWP Alarm indication for under voltage detection 0807 V gt PWP Alarm indication for over voltage detection 0808 Tap Fail PWP Alarm indication for tap changer failure 0809 Ic PWP Alarm indication for excessive circulating current detector 080A IL PWP Alarm indication for overcurrent detector 080B IL PWP Alarm indication for undercurrent detector 080C TotalOps gt PWP Alarm indication for tap change operations exceed a preset value 080D FreqOps PWP Alarm indication for tap change operations exceed threshold over preset time period 080E I rev PWP Al
87. ap change then additional tap changes will be initiated until the voltage level lies within the deadband limits Before making the following changes note the settings for intertap delay tINTER and deadband setting dVs Set the intertap delay tINTER to 5 seconds and deadband setting dVs to 1 Connect the timer to start from opening of the Lower volts contact and stop on the closing of the Lower volts contact Apply 105 of Vs to the system voltage input terminals 17 amp 18 Close switch S2 and wait for relay to give a tap change signal Whilst a tap change pulse is being given i e CONTROL LED on the front of the relay is illuminated reset the timer The timer will measure the inter tap time which runs from the instant the CONTROL LED extinguishes to the instant the CONTROL LED illuminates again Check that the measured inter tap time is within 4 975 seconds to 5 025 seconds i e INTER 40 5 Set the inter tap setting to 0 seconds Check the output is continuous the CONTROL LED should be continuously illuminated Restore the following settings intertap delay tINTER and deadband setting dVs Line drop compensation Resistive load current compensation Vr The relay should be commissioned with the settings calculated for the application Check the relay mode setting 0102 STATUS Before making the following changes note the settings for intertap delay tINTER system
88. arm indication for reverse current condition 080F RUN AWAY PWP Alarm indication for invalid tap change operation 0810 Tap Limit PWP Alarm indication for tap position indicator outside the set threshold settings 0811 Tap Odd PWP Current tap position is odd 0812 Tap Even PWP Current tap position is even 0813 Auto Mode PWP Relay is in Automatic mode Technical Manual KVCG202 EN M E11 KVGC202 Page 29 Cell Text Status Description 0814 Manual Mode PWP Relay is in Manual mode 0815 Select tst rlys PWP Select relays to operate when relay test is selected 0816 Test Relays 0 PWP Press 0 key to close relays selected 3 4 Changing text and settings Settings and text in certain cells of the menu can be changed via the user interface To do this the cover must be removed from the front of the relay so that the and keys can be accessed 3 4 1 Quick guide to menu controls Quick Guide to Menu Control with the Four Keys Current display Key press Effect of action Default display 0 long Back light turns ON Reset condition monitor Select current display as default 0 short Steps through the available default displays F V Steps down to column heading SYSTEM DATA Back light turns ON Reset condition monitor Back light turns ON Select current display as default Column heading 0 short Back light turns ON no other effect 0 long Re establishes password
89. ased on the total load current 2IL but each LDC circuit only sees half this value for 2 parallel transformers Therefore the LDC resistive and reactive volt drop settings VR and VXL as calculated earlier for a single transformer must be doubled i e based on 2 x rated current The VR and VXL settings should be adjusted similarly for 3 or more transformers in parallel for example the standard settings should be multiplied by 3 for three transformers in parallel It should be remembered that when the LDC input CTs are paralleled the LDC circuits will not see any components of the circulating current between parallel transformers therefore negative reactance compensation cannot be used to combat circulating current Only the pilot method of circulating current control or external means of control can be employed KVCG202 EN MEI Technical Manual Page 58 KVGC202 Requires the use of swamping resistors Rs P1487ENa Figure 24 Parallel connection of LDC circuits The following notes demonstrate how the LDC CTs may be paralleled on a KVGC202 relay 2RL1 Lead loop resistance between CT1 and AVR1 plus resistance of AVR circulating current CT input KVGC202 terminals 23 and 24 for Inz1A or terminals 25 and 26 for In 5A XM1 CT1 magnetising impedance which will be ignored due to its high value when CT is unsaturated RCT1 CT1 winding resistance RL Resistance of one lead between AVRs including any interposing CTs
90. ately 3096 by the anti aliasing filter For power frequencies that are not equal to the selected rated frequency i e the frequency does not coincide with 1 on the horizontal scale the harmonics will not be of zero amplitude For small frequency deviations of 1Hz this is not a problem but to allow for larger deviations an improvement is obtained by the addition of frequency tracking With frequency tracking the sampling rate of the analogue digital conversion is automatically adjusted to match the applied signal In the absence of a signal of suitable amplitude to track the sample rate defaults to that to suit the selected rated frequency Fn for the relay In presence of a signal within the tracking range 45 to 65Hz the relay will lock on to the signal and the 1 on the horizontal axis in diagram above will coincide with the measured frequency of the measured signal The resulting output for 2nd 3rd 4th 5th and 6th harmonics will be zero Thus this diagram applies when the relay is not frequency tracking the signal and also if it is tracking a frequency within the range 45 to 65Hz KVCG202 EN MEI Technical Manual Page 102 9 9 1 9 1 4 KVGC202 COMMISSIONING PROBLEM SOLVING AND MAINTENANCE Commissioning preliminaries The safety section should be read before commencing any work on the equipment When commissioning a KVGC202 relay for the first time the engineers should allow an hour to get familiar with the m
91. ation between the system voltage input and circulating current A tap change should be initiated i e Raise or Lower volts and the CONTROL LED should be illuminated Alter the system voltage Vbc until the relay stops tapping i e both Raise and Lower volt contacts are open Determine the regulated system voltage Vreg 0202 MEASURE Check the value recorded is Vs 2V 5 Remove the load current from the relay Restore the following settings and system data links intertap delay tINTER Technical Manual KVCG202 EN M E1 1 KVGC202 9 6 5 Page 113 System voltage input setting Vs circulating compensation voltage setting Vc resistive line drop compensation setting Vr reactive line drop compensation setting Vx load current setting Ic Negative reactance control alternative method to circulating current compensation The relay should be commissioned with the settings calculated for the application Reverse reactance control is an alternative method to circulating current compensation This test verifies the operation i e reversal of Vx vector when used with line drop compensation It also checks the operation of the load angle compensation on the Vg vector by determining regulation with various load angle settings ANGLE Before making the following changes note the settings and system data links for SD1 link to 0 dead band setting dVs intertap delay tINTER system voltage input se
92. ation of the equipment depends on appropriate shipping and handling proper storage installation and commissioning and on careful operation maintenance and servicing For this reason only qualified personnel may work on or operate the equipment Qualified personnel are individuals who e Are familiar with the installation commissioning and operation of the equipment and of the system to which it is being connected e Are able to safely perform switching operations in accordance with accepted safety engineering practices and are authorized to energize and de energize equipment and to isolate ground and label it e Are trained in the care and use of safety apparatus in accordance with safety engineering practices e Are trained in emergency procedures first aid The equipment documentation gives instructions for its installation commissioning and operation However the manuals cannot cover all conceivable circumstances or include detailed information on all topics In the event of questions or specific problems do not take any action without proper authorization Contact the appropriate Alstom Grid technical sales office and request the necessary information SS 4 Safety Section 3 SYMBOLS AND LABELS ON THE EQUIPMENT For safety reasons the following symbols which may be used on the equipment or referred to in the equipment documentation should be understood before it is installed or commissioned 3 1 Symbols Cau
93. ation should be returned to their protective polythene bags 2 1 2 Electrostatic discharge ESD The product uses components that are sensitive to electrostatic discharges The electronic circuits are well protected by the metal case and the internal module should not be withdrawn unnecessarily When handling the module outside its case care should be taken to avoid contact with components and electrical connections If removed from the case for storage the module should be placed in an electrically conducting antistatic bag There are no setting adjustments within the module and it is advised that it is not unnecessarily disassembled Although the printed circuit boards are plugged together the connectors are a manufacturing aid and not intended for frequent dismantling in fact considerable effort may be required to separate them Touching the printed circuit board should be avoided since complementary metal oxide semiconductors CMOS are used which can be damaged by static electricity discharged from the body 2 2 Handling of electronic equipment A person s normal movements can easily generate electrostatic potentials of several thousand volts Discharge of these voltages into semiconductor devices when handling electronic circuits can cause serious damage which often may not be immediately apparent but the reliability of the circuit will have been reduced The electronic circuits are completely safe from electrostatic discharge when
94. ations connection The active setting group is stored when the relay is powered down and restored on power up Local control is enabled by setting SD3 0 and then using SD5 to select the desired group SD5 0 setting group 1 SD5 1 setting group 2 If SD6 1 then reverse current will automatically select group 2 settings Note If SD4 0 then the group 2 settings will be hidden and group 1 will be active by default Link SD4 must be set to 1 to make the second setting group active Then manual selection of Group 2 can be made by setting link SD5 1 or a reverse current will select Group 2 if link SD6 1 4 4 Applicatlons 4 4 1 Introduction As the loads connected to a distribution network vary through out the day so the do the voltage drops in the conductors and transformers If unchecked this would lead to unacceptable variations in voltages supplied to consumers To prevent this the transformers in primary substations and above are generally fitted with on load tapchangers usually on the HV side These are motorised mechanical switching arrangements that adjust the transformer turns ratio typically in steps of 1 25 or 1 43 whilst the transformers are in use and carrying a load The operation of the tap changer mechanism is automatically controlled by a voltage regulating relay VRR such as the KVGC202 A VRR constantly monitors the system voltage and initiates the tap change mechanism to Raise or Lower the voltage to be within se
95. atlons Introduction Basic requirements Operating time delay Initial delay tINIT Definite Inverse time characteristics Technical Manual KVGC202 29 29 30 30 30 31 31 31 32 32 32 32 32 33 33 33 33 34 35 35 36 36 36 37 38 38 38 38 39 40 40 40 41 41 41 42 42 42 Technical Manual KVGC202 4 4 3 3 Intertap Delay 4 4 3 4 Tap Pulse Duration tPULSE 44 4 Operating Sequences 4 4 4 1 Method 1 4 4 4 2 Method 2 4 5 Line drop compensation 4 6 Auto manual and remote operation modes 4 6 1 Remote change of operating mode 4 6 2 Manual change of operating mode via logic input 4 7 Paralleled transformers 4 7 1 Master Follower schemes 4 7 2 Instability of individually controlled parallel transformers 4 7 2 1 Runaway 4 7 2 2 Effect of circulating current on LDC 4 7 3 Negative reactance compounding 4 7 4 Circulating current control 4 7 4 1 Independent parallel control 4 7 4 2 Circulating current control with LDC 4 8 Supervision functions of a VRR 4 8 1 Runaway protection 4 8 2 Undervoltage detection V 4 8 3 Undervoltage blocking V 4 8 4 Overvoltage detection V gt 4 8 5 Overcurrent detection lz 4 8 6 Undercurrent detection l 4 8 7 Circulating current detection IC 4 8 8 Reverse current detection I rev 4 9 Tap position indication 4 9 1 Tap changer maintenance 4 9 1 1 Tap change operations counter 4 9 1 2 Frequent operations monitor 4 9 1 3 Tap
96. ay be either 1 or 0 to indicate the set and reset states respectively The control keys perform for this menu cell in the same way as they do for Function Links The cell is selected with the function key F and the relay then put in the setting mode by pressing the key to display the cursor The cursor will then be stepped through the alarm word from left to right with each press of the F key and text identifying the alarm bit selected will be displayed The only alarm flag that can be manually set is bit 6 the watchdog test flag When this flag is set to 1 the watchdog relay will change state and the green LED will extinguish When any alarm flag is set the ALARM LED will be continuously lit However there is another form of alarm condition that will cause the ALARM LED to flash and this indicates that the password has been entered to allow access to change protected settings within the relay This is not generally available as a remote alarm and it does not generate an alarm flag Note No control will be possible via the key pad if the Unconfigured alarm is raised because the relay will be locked in a non operative state KVCG202 EN M E1 1 Technical Manual Page 38 4 4 1 4 2 4 2 1 KVGC202 APPLICATION OF CONTROL FUNCTIONS The settings that customise the relay for a particular application are referred to as the configuration They include the function links input masks relay masks etc and they are pa
97. ay setting 3 4 5 6 7 Voltage deviation from Vs in multiples of dVs P1496ENa Figure 38 Relay inverse time characteristic curve Technical Manual KVCG202 EN M E1 1 KVGC202 Page 133 KVCG202 EN M E11 Technical Manual Page 134 KVGC202 APPENDIX 2 Technical Manual KVCG202 EN M E1 1 KVGC202 Page 135 KVCG202 EN MEI Technical Manual Page 136 KVGC202 05 KVOG202 01 sheet 0813 AUTO MODE 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0814 MANUAI 7 6 5 4 8 die CHANGE AUTOMATIC CONTROL SET TAP CHANGE MODES MANUAL CONTROL LOGIC RESET LowerV RaiseV 9 n OVERVOLTAGE MANUAL RAISE VOLTS 2 NUAL tPULSE l OR LOWER MODE 1 0 L 2 TAP CHANGE CONTROL LOWER VOLTS tPULSE A Ar H UNDERVOLTAGE TAP CHANGE KE INHIBITED LSB LEVEL 1 LOAD SHED LOAD SHEDDING BOOST LOGIC BOOSTING LSB LEVEL 2 0 TO 3 LSB LEVEL 3 UNDERVOLTAGE BLOCKING VOLTAGE O
98. ay to gain access to the and keys that are used to increment or decrement a value When a column heading is displayed the key will change the display to the next column and the key will change the display to the previous column giving a faster selection When a cell that can be changed is displayed the action of pressing either the or keys will put the relay in setting mode indicated by a flashing cursor in the display To escape from the setting mode without making any change the 0 key should be depressed for one second Chapter 3 4 gives instructions for changing the various types of settings Password protection is provided for the configuration settings of the relay because an accidental change could seriously affect the ability of the relay to perform its intended functions Configuration settings include the selection of CT and VT ratios function link settings opto input and relay output allocation Some control logic and reset functions are protected from change when the relay cover is in place Menu contents Related data and settings are grouped in separate columns of the menu Each column has a text heading in capital letters that identifies the data contained in that column Each cell may contain text values settings and or a function The cells are referenced by the column number row number For example 0201 is column 02 row 01 When a cell is displayed the four digits at the top left hand corner of th
99. been accepted or rejected If the setting selected is password protected the relay will reply that access is denied Any data received in error is automatically resent any data not understood but received without error is ignored Thus setting changes by this route are secure A complete setting file can be extracted from the relay and stored on disc and printed out for record purposes The stored settings can also be copied to other relays Control commands such as load shedding boosting are actioned in the same way as setting changes and can be achieved with this program by using the setting change mechanism This program supports modem connection but it cannot extract event or disturbance records PAS amp T The Protection Access Software and Toolkit PAS amp T program performs all the functions described for the Access program but additionally it can perform the following functions Automatically extracts event records displays them on screen prints or stores them to disc Polls the relay for selected data at set intervals and displays the values on screen or stores a selected number of values that it can plot on screen to show trend information Displays coded or decoded messages on screen to help de bug the communication system The Auto addressing feature allocates the next available address on the bus to a new relay CourierCom CourierCom is a windows based setting program that can be used off line i e without the rela
100. bered This ensures that the level of load shedding boosting is not caused to change by interruptions of the auxiliary supply 0020 SYS Logic Status This cell indicates the current state of opto isolated logic control inputs 0021 SYS Relay Status This cell indicates the current state of the output relay drives 0022 Alarms Indicates current state of internal alarms KVCG202 EN M E11 Page 24 3 3 6 3 3 7 Technical Manual KVGC202 Status Cell Text Status Description 0100 STATUS Column heading 0101 Control READ 1 Remote 2 Local 0102 Mode SET 1 Manual 2 Auto 0103 Tap SET No Operation Raise V Lower V 0104 ST Links 0 Blocked READ 1 Tap change operation blocked 1 V lt lt blk 1 Under voltage blocking 2 V lt blkLower 1 Under voltage detection 3 V gt blkRaise 1 Over voltage detection 4 TapFail 1 Voltage remains outside deadband 5 Ic gt 1 Excessive circulating current 6 IL gt 1 Line overcurrent detection 7 TotalOps gt 1 Tap change operations exceed thresh 8 FreqOps 1 Frequent tap change operations 9 I Rev 1 Reverse current blocking A Run Away 1 Invalid tap change operation B TapLimit 1 Tap position above below threshold C 2 IL 17 Line undercurrent detection 0105 Blocked READ 1 Tap change operation blocked 0106 V blk READ 1 Under voltage blocking 0107 V blkLower
101. ble known as MENU TABLE Data within the relays is accessed via a MENU table All the data displayed on the LCD or transmitted via the serial communications port is obtained via this table The table is comprised of cells arranged in rows and columns like a spreadsheet A cell may contain text values settings or functions The first cell in a column the column heading contains text identifying the data grouped under it in that column Default display The selected default display that appears on power up can be selected by the user Whilst the default display is visible it is possible to scroll through the available options with a momentary press of the 0 key The required default display can be selected via menu cells 0411 or 0611 Alternatively pressing the 0 key for 1 second will select the currently visible option as the default KVCG202 EN M E1 1 Technical Manual Page 20 3 3 2 3 3 3 KVGC202 Following the initiation of a tap change operation the display will change to show the time remaining before the next tap change is due It will do this by temporarily changing to default display 6 alarm status raise volts lower volts and time remaining This change will not occur if display 7 is selected as this option already displays the time remaining The display will revert to the original option when either the timer expires or the system voltage returns to within the deadband Certain default displays show textual information
102. block for excessive load current 4 Total opsBIk 1 block for excessive number of operations 5 Freq opsBIk 1 7 block for frequent operation 6 Trev blk 1 block operation for reverse current flow 7 Runaway blk 1 block for tap change runaway 8 IL lt BLK 1 block for insufficient current 0402 V lt lt SET Under voltage total inhibit level of Vs 0403 V lt SET Over voltage blocking limit 0404 V gt SET Under voltage blocking limit 0405 t V lt V SET Under over voltage blocking timer 0406 tFAIL gt SET Total time outside dead band to failure 0407 Ic SET Excessive circulating current threshold 0408 de SET Excessive circulating current time delay 0409 IL SET Line overcurrent threshold 040A IL SET Line undercurrent threshold 040B TpAvail SET Total number of taps available 040C TP SET Upper tap alarm limit 040D TP SET Lower tap alarm limit 040E total ops SET Total number of tap change operations 040F ops tP gt SET Number of tap changes allowed in time tP 0410 tP SET Time period tP 0411 Display SET Default display required 0412 tTest Relay SET Relay test hold timer Control 2 Cell Text Status Description 0500 CONTROL 2 READ Software links that are used to select the available optional group 2 control functions 0501 CTL Links PWP Function links 0 1 1 tINV 1 Inverse time delay dV DT V Vs 0502 CT Ratio PWP Line Current Transformer overall ratio 0503 VT Ratio PWP Line Voltage Transformer overall ratio 0504 In PWP Rated curren
103. block for insufficient current 0602 V lt lt SET Under voltage total inhibit level of Vs 0603 V lt SET Over voltage blocking limit 0604 V SET Under voltage blocking limit 0605 tV V SET Under over voltage blocking timer 0606 tFAIL gt SET Total time outside dead band to failure 0607 Ic SET Excessive circulating current threshold 0608 de SET Excessive circulating current time delay 0609 IL SET Line overcurrent threshold 060A IL SET Line undercurrent threshold 060B TpAvail SET Total number of taps available 060C TP SET Upper tap alarm limit 060D TP SET Lower tap alarm limit 060E total ops gt SET total number of tap change operations 060F ops tP gt SET Number of tap changes allowed in time tP 0610 tP SET Time period tP 0611 Default Display SET Default display required Multi Data Time Remain Vreg TapPos IL IC Operating Mode Plant Ref Description Manufacturer 0612 tTest Relay SET Relay test hold timer KVCG202 EN M E11 Page 28 3 3 12 3 3 13 Technical Manual KVGC202 Input masks Cell Text Status Description 0700 INPUT MASKS READ Column heading 0701 Remote PWP Logic input for remote selection of Auto Manual mode 0702 Automatic PWP Logic input to select automatic mode 0703 Manual PWP Logic input to select manual mode 0704 Raise V PWP Logic input to manually initiate sign
104. cessive circulating current threshold Ic 0 05A 1A 0 25A 5A Excessive circulating current time delay ilc 0s Line overcurrent threshold IL 1 2A 1A 6 0A 5A Line under current threshold IL OA 1A or 5A Total number of taps available TpAvail 20 Upper tap alarm limit TP 16 Lower tap alarm limit TP 4 Total number of tap change operations total ops 5000 Number of tap changes allowed in time tP opstP gt 40 Time period tP 24 Relay test hold timer tTest relay 1s 5 3 5 Preferred use of logic inputs The following is not mandatory but it is suggested that it is followed where possible so that different schemes will use the particular logic input for the same or similar function INPUT MASKS DEFAULT SETTINGS Remote 00000000 Automatic 00000001 Manual 00000010 Raise V 00000100 Lower V 00001000 Block 00010000 Level 1 00100000 Level 2 01000000 Level 3 10000000 Stg Grp2 00000000 5 3 6 Preferred use of output relays The following is not mandatory but it is suggested that it is followed where possible so that different schemes will use a particular output relay for the same or similar function RELAY MASKS DEFAULT SETTINGS Raise V 00000001 Lower V 00000010 Blocked 00000100 UnBlocked 00001000 KVCG202 EN M E11 Page 78 RELAY MASKS DEFAULT SETTINGS V 00010000 V 0000000 V 00100000
105. changer is on the maximum tap position The KVGC has a time setting tTAPCHANGE 1 3 s default 1s which should be set longer than the maximum time delay between contacts changing position after a tap change command to prevent wrong indication Two relay masks are provided in the KVGC202 to indicate Tap Odd and Tap Even tap positions For master follower schemes the taps should be on the same tap shortly after a tap change i e all odd or all even tap positions The Tap Odd and Tap Even output contacts can be used in an external scheme to give an out of step alarm if the VRRs indicate that the tap positions are not all odd or even values Two threshold settings Tp and Tp are applied to the tap position read Whenever the value of the tap position read exceeds the set threshold Tp or falls below the threshold Tp the Tap Limit output relay allocated in the Relay Mask will pick up to give the alarm indication Following cycling of the auxiliary power supply to the relay the last tap position will be retained Technical Manual KVCG202 EN M E1 1 KVGC202 Page 67 Tap changer 23 Y c
106. ctions shown in italic text can only be performed when the cover is removed F long means press F key and hold for longer than 1 second F short means press F key and hold for less than 1 second F means press the F key length of time does not change the response O long on perform a reset function when a resettable cell is displayed To enter setting mode Give the F key a momentary press to change from the selected default display and switch on the back light the heading SYSTEM DATA will be displayed Use the and keys or a long press of the F key to select the column containing the setting or text that is to be changed Then with the F key step down the column until the contents of that cell are displayed Press either the or key to put the relay into the setting mode Setting mode will be indicated by a flashing cursor on the bottom line of the display If the cell is read only or password protected then the cursor will not appear and the relay will not be in the setting mode To escape from the setting mode IMPORTANT If at any time you wish to escape from the setting mode without making a change to the contents of the selected cell Hold the 0 key depressed for one second the original setting will be returned and the relay will exit the setting mode To accept the new setting Press the F key until the confirmation display appears Are You Sure YES NO 1 Press the 0 key if
107. cy 1 Timing measurements 0 5 or 15 to 35ms Definite time 10 Inverse time Maintenance K Range Midos relays are self supervising and so require less maintenance Most problems will result in an alarm so that remedial action can be taken However some periodic tests could be conducted to ensure that the relay is functioning correctly Preliminary checks Loosen the four cover screws and remove the cover the relay can now be withdrawn from its case Carefully examine the module and case to see that no damage has occurred since installation and visually check the current transformer shorting switches in the case are wired into the correct circuit and are closed when the module is withdrawn Check that the serial number on the module case and front plate are identical and that the model number and rating information are correct KVCG202 EN MEI Technical Manual Page 126 9 9 1 1 9 9 1 2 9 9 2 9 9 2 1 9 9 2 2 9 9 3 9 9 3 1 9 9 3 2 9 9 3 3 9 9 4 KVGC202 Check that the external wiring is correct to the relevant relay diagram or scheme diagram The relay diagram number appears inside the case on a label at the left hand side The serial number of the relay also appears on this label and on the front plate of the relay module The serial numbers marked on these three items should match the only time that they may not match is when a failed relay module has been replaced for continuity of protec
108. d Energisation from auxiliary voltage supply For secondary injection testing using the test block type MMLG insert test plug type MMLBO1 with CT shorting links fitted t may be necessary to link across the front of the test plug to restore the auxiliary supply to the relay Isolate the relay contacts and insert the module With the auxiliary supply disconnected from the relay use a continuity tester to monitor the state of the watchdog contacts as listed in Table 2 Connect the auxiliary supply to the relay The relay should power up with the Icd showing the default display and the centre green led being illuminated this indicates the relay is healthy The relay has a non volatile memory which remembers the state ON or OFF of the led control indicator when the relay was last powered and therefore the indicator may be illuminated With a continuity checker monitor the state of watchdog contacts as listed in Table 2 Terminals With relay de energised With relay energised 3 and 5 contact closed contact open 4 and 6 contact open contact closed Table 2 Field voltage The relay generates a field voltage that should be used to energise the opto isolated inputs With the relay energised measure the field voltage across terminals 7 and 8 Terminal 7 should be positive with respect to terminal 8 and should be within the range specified in Table 3 when no load is connected Nominal dc rating V Range
109. deviation Intial delay SCH Inter tap delay Inverse Vs P1470ENa Tap pulse duration O to 5s Time Figure 6 Initial and inter tap delay used for multiple tap change sequence 4 4 4 2 Method 2 For this method a normally open contact operated by the tap changer mechanism is connected to an opto assigned to BLOCK This contact is closed whilst the mechanism is operating to block the relay This resets the initial delay timer tINIT during each tap change step and hence the initial timer tINIT operates after completion of each tap change The normally open contact is usually operated by direct movement of the tap changer s motor mechanism using the directional sequence switch or an interposing auxiliary relay In older static designs of VRR a contact which opened during each tap change step was connected to isolate the measuring voltage to the VRR The undervoltage inhibit was arranged to reset the initial time delay to achieve the initial time delay for each tap change The KVGC202 can provide the same functionality whereby if the voltage falls below the V lt lt undervoltage detector setting it will operate and instantaneously reset the initial time delay thus inhibiting the relay outputs to Raise or Lower tap change operations Voltage deviation Initial delay inverse time a Time Contact from tap changer opens measuring supply during each operation or block opto energised to reset
110. e VT ratio 7 ratio of primary to secondary voltages of line VT Before making the following changes note the settings for Vr and Vx deadband setting dVs initial time delay setting tINIT Set the Vrand Vx to the calculated values deadband setting dVs to 3 initial time delay setting tINIT to 0 seconds At the receiving end of the feeder measure the phase to phase voltage on the secondary of the VT Repeat this at the feeding end on the same pair of lines Set Vs to the value measured at the receiving end The relay should not cause tapping if all CT and VT connections are connected with the correct polarity If tapping occurs then either CT and VT are not connected correctly or that the Vr and Vx settings do not match the line Vr Vx Increase and decrease the Vs setting and record the settings at which the Raise volts contacts and the Lower volts contacts change state If the average values of these two voltages are within 296 of the remote end value then the relative connections to CT and VT are correct Restore the following settings Vrand Vx deadband setting dVs initial time delay setting tINIT Note The commissioning engineer should ensure that after completing all tests that all required settings are set for the relay Problem solving Should any of the relay s functions are found to be faulty it is recommended that the complete relay is returned to the ALSTOM Grid SAS factory or
111. e closed and both Raise volts and Lower volts contacts should be open to indicate tap change Reduce the load current below the threshold setting the IL gt and Blocked relay contacts should open and the text IL gt on the LCD should clear The CONTROL LED should be extinguished Restore the following settings logic link LOG3 initial time delay setting tINIT Technical Manual KVCG202 EN M E1 1 KVGC202 9 7 4 9 7 5 Page 117 intertap delay tINTER load current IL Undervoltage blocking V The relay should be commissioned with the settings calculated for the application When the system voltage input falls below set value the undervoltage blocking detector operates and instantaneously resets the initial time delay thus inhibiting the relay outputs to Raise or Lower tap change operations Before making the following changes note the settings for initial time delay setting tINIT intertap delay tINTER undervoltage blocking setting V lt lt Set the initial time delay setting tINIT to 10 seconds intertap delay tINTER to 5 seconds undervoltage blocking setting V 60V to 130V Set the relay output masks to operate undervoltage blocking contacts V and undervoltage detector contacts V Both contacts should be open Monitor Raise volts should be open Apply 11596 of system voltage to input terminals 17 amp 18 T
112. e tINIT 0 20 secs 20 300 secs Symbols Setting range V lt lt 60 130V V lt 80 130V V 105 160V Ic 0 02 0 5A In 1A 0 1 2 5A In 5A I 0 5 2 0A In 1A 2 50 10A In 5A UE 0 1A In 1A 0 5A In 5A tIc 0 180 seconds tFAIL gt 0 15 minutes Angle 0 90 degrees 9999 1 Default 1 1 9999 1 Default 1 1 Measurement displayed System voltage Load current Circulating current Power factor Frequency Accuracy Reference conditions Ambient temperature Frequency Auxiliary voltage Current Overcurrent Time delays Definite time Page 95 Step size 1 sec 10 secs Step size 1 0V 1 0V 1 0V 0 01A 0 05A 0 05A 0 1A 10 secs 30 secs 1 deg 0 819 x VT ratio low accuracy 70 200 x VT ratio high accuracy 1 30 In x CT ratio 0 0 64 In x CT ratio 0 00 1 00 1 00 for reverse current 45 65 or 0 20 C 50Hz or 60Hz whichever is set 24V to 125V dc 48V to 250V dc Minimum operation 5 0 5 15 to 35ms volts phase phase amps amps Hz KVCG202 EN M E11 Page 96 Inverse 8 9 3 Directional Operating boundary PU DO differential 8 9 4 Measurements Measured voltage Load current Circulating current Power factor Frequency 45 65Hz 8 10 Influencing quantities 8 10 1 Ambient temperature Operative range Current settings Voltage settings Operation
113. e LCD indicate the column number and row number in the menu table The full menu is given in the following tables but not all the items listed will be available in a particular relay Those cells that do not provide any useful purpose are not made available in the factory configuration Certain settings will disappear from the menu when the user de selects them the alternative setting group is a typical example If System Data Link SD4 is set to 0 alternative settings will be hidden and to make them visible the System Data Link SD4 must be set to 1 Technical Manual KVGC202 3 3 4 3 3 5 Menu columns KVCG202 EN M E11 Page 21 Col No Heading Description 00 SYSTEM DATA Settings and data for the system relay and serial communications 01 STATUS Settings for tap control modes 02 MEASURE Display of directly measured and calculated quantities 03 CONTROL 1 Settings for group 1 miscellaneous control functions 04 LOGIC 1 Settings for group 1 miscellaneous logic functions 05 CONTROL 2 Settings for group 2 miscellaneous control functions 06 LOGIC 2 Settings for group 2 miscellaneous logic functions 07 INPUT MASKS User assigned allocation of logic input 08 RELAY MASKS User assigned allocation of output relays The menu cells that are read only are marked READ Cells that can be set are marked SET Cells that can be reset are marked RESET Cells that are password protected ar
114. e all the compensation elements which are reactive have been reversed the resistive elements being unchanged It can now be seen that the transformer with a low volts condition is presenting a regulating voltage Vreg which is lower than Vrem the required voltage and hence a raise volts command is given The opposite is true for the transformer that has too high a voltage The net result is that the transformers are forced together eliminating the circulating current Where negative reactance control is used it should be noted that the setting applied to the relay is now based on the transformer reactance and not the line reactance to enable correct compensation This will introduce an error in regulation which can be seen in both Figures 15 and 16 In both cases when the circulating current is zero the relays will regulate to Vrem This value of Vrem is different to that from Figures 13 and 14 also shown as dotted lines on Figures 15 and 16 In practice this error is very small for a unity power factor load current The above diagrams demonstrate how reverse reactance control is used to eliminate circulating current All the above figures also assume that line drop compensation is being used as well This is not necessarily the case If LDC is not required then the resistive compensation will not be needed and can be set to zero and only the reactive compensation will be set in the negative sense Figure 17 shows this arrangement and assumes that t
115. e boxes provided on the logic diagram Case connection diagrams for the KVGC202 can be found at the back of this manual They may be copied and notes added in the appropriate boxes to indicate the function of the logic inputs and relay outputs This diagram will then give the appropriate terminal numbers to which the external wires must be connected In particular it will show the terminal numbers to which the current and voltage transformer connections are to be made The logic and case connection diagrams provide sufficient information to enable the full external wiring diagrams to be drawn and the operation of complete protection and control scheme to be understood Configuring the relay Each scheme of protection and control will have its own particular configuration settings These can be named appropriately and the name entered as the description in cell 0004 in the SYSTEM DATA column of the menu If the scheme were likely to become a standard that is to be applied to several installations it would be worthwhile storing the configuration on a floppy disc so that it can be downloaded to other relays The configuration file can be made even more useful by adding appropriate general settings for the supervision and control functions It will then only require the minimum of settings to be changed during commissioning and installation Changing the configuration of the relay SYSTEM DATA SD Select the SYSTEM DATA column of the menu ente
116. e global address for which no replies are permitted Measured values do not change Values in the MEASURE column are snap shots of the values at the time they were requested To obtain a value that varies with the measured quantity it should be added to the poll list as described in R8514 the User Manual for the Protection Access Software amp Tool kit Relay no longer responding Check if other relays that are further along the bus are responding and if so power down the relay for 10 seconds and then re energise to reset the communication processor This should not be necessary as the reset operation occurs automatically when the relay detects a loss of communication Technical Manual KVCG202 EN M E1 1 KVGC202 9 8 5 3 9 8 6 9 8 7 9 9 9 9 1 Page 125 If relays further along the bus are not communicating check to find out which are responding towards the master station If some are responding then the position of the break in the bus can be determined by deduction If none is responding then check for data on the bus or reset the communication port driving the bus with requests Check there are not two relays with the same address on the bus No response to remote control commands Check that the relay is not inhibited from responding to remote commands by observing the system data function link settings If so reset as necessary a password will be required System data function links cannot be set over the communicatio
117. e marked PWP System data Cell Text Status Description 0000 SYSTEM DATA READ Column heading 0002 Password PWP Password that must be entered before certain settings may be changed 0003 SD Links PWP Function links that enable the user to enable activate the options required 0 1 Rem Cntrl 17 enable remote control 2 Rem LSB 17 enable remote load shedding boosting 3 Rem Grp2 17 enable remote change to group 2 setting 4 En Grp2 1 enable group two settings 0 hidden 5 1 Grp2 1 select group 2 settings 6 Irev Grp 2 1 enable reverse current select group 2 settings 7 Log Evts 1 enable logic changes in event records 8 9 Extrn V 17 TPI uses external V ref O TPI uses system voltage 0004 Description PWP Product description user programmable text 0005 Plant Ref PWP Plant reference user programmable text 0006 Model READ Model number that defines the product 0008 Serial No READ Serial number unique number identifying the particular product 0009 Freq SET Default sampling frequency must be set to power system frequency 000A Comms Level READ Indicates the Courier communication level supported by the product KVCG202 EN M E1 1 Technical Manual Page 22 KVGC202 Cell Text Status Description 000B RIy Address SET Communication address 1 to 255 000C PInt Status READ Binary word used to transpo
118. e message was sent and this value can then be used in the conversion of the time tags With this method of time tagging the time tags for all relays on K Bus will be accurate relative to each other regardless of the accuracy of the relay time clock See also chapter 6 Chapter 6 2 4 for additional information on time tagging accuracy Setting control Control functions via a KVGC202 relay can be performed over the serial communication link They include change of relay settings change of setting groups remote control of the operating modes Remote control is restricted to those functions that have been selected in the relays menu table and the selection cannot be changed without entering the password CRC and message length checks are used on each message received No response is given for received messages with a detected error The Master Station can be set to resend a command a set number of times if it does not receive a reply or receives a reply with a detected error Technical KVGC202 7 5 1 7 5 2 7 6 7 6 1 Manual KVCG202 EN M E11 Page 91 Note Control commands are generally performed by changing the value of a cell and are actioned by the setting change procedure as described in Chapter 7 3 1 and have the same inherent security No replies are permitted for global commands as this would cause contention on the bus instead a double send is used for verification of the message by the relay for this type of comma
119. e module when viewed from the front To replace this board First remove the screws holding the side screen in place There are two screws through the top plate of the module and two more through the base plate Remove screen to expose the pcb Remove the two retaining screws one at the top edge and the other directly below it on the lower edge of the pcb Separate the pcb from the sockets at the front edge of the board Note that they are a tight fit and will require levering apart taking care to ease the connectors apart gradually so as not to crack the front pcb card The connectors are designed for ease of assembly in manufacture and not for continual disassembly of the unit Reassemble in the reverse of this sequence making sure that the screen plate is replaced with all four screws securing it c Replacement of auxiliary expansion board This is the second board in from the left hand side of the module Remove the processor board as described above in b Remove the two securing screws that hold the auxiliary expansion board in place Unplug the pcb from the front bus as described for the processor board and withdraw Replace in the reverse of this sequence making sure that the screen plate is replaced with all four screws securing it Replacing output relays and opto isolators PCBs are removed as described in Section 9 9 4 1 b and c They are replaced in the reverse order Calibration is not usually required when a pcb is
120. e of a control input or output relay local setting change or alarm conditions are stored in the relay Few events for change in state of logic inputs and relay outputs can be stored in the event records The change in state of inputs and outputs can occur frequently to generate many events for each change in state occurrence Setting System Data Link SD7 to O will turn off this feature and allow the maximum number of event records to be stored Events can only be read via the serial communication port and not on the LCD Any spare opto inputs may be used to log changes of state of external contacts in the event record buffer of the Relay The opto input does not have to be assigned to a particular function in order to achieve this When a master station has successfully read a record it usually clears it automatically and when all records have been read the event bit in the status byte is set to 0 to indicate that there are no longer any records to be retrieved Communications Address cannot be automatically allocated if the remote change of setting has been inhibited by function link 0003 SD Links link 1 This must be first set to 1 alternatively the address must be entered manually via the user interface on the relay Address cannot be allocated automatically unless the address is first manually set to 0 This can also be achieved by a global command including the serial number of the relay Relay address set to 255 th
121. e power factor is decreased this error will increase It is possible to increase the resistive compensation setting to help decrease this error However the resultant error can still be significant at low power factors Figure 19 demonstrates this In this example Vr is set to Vr A3 x IP x RL XL XT tan 0 VT_ratio KVCG202 EN M E1 1 Page 54 Technical Manual KVGC202 ILR IL Xt X tan S IN XN ILR fs l be Error I Vrem H mo Vx ILXt x E Vr IL R X ton 0 l J IL P1482ENa Figure 19 Low power factor with negative reactance control and LDC 1 There is a feature included within the KVGC to overcome the effect of a system with a low power factor The feature alters the angle between the resistive and reactive compensation This angle is nominally 90 however by setting it to 90 0 the error can be reduced see Figure 20 In the KVGC settings the power factor angle 0 is set which alters the angle between the resistive and reactive compensation to 90 0 Note the power factor angle setting 0 is only visible when Vxl is set negative In this example Vr is set to A3 x IP x RLcos 6 XLsin XTsin 9 Vr VT_ratio where Cos power factor of the load IL Xt X tan ind 5S Error 7 B Vx ILXt E Vr IL Rcos X Xt sin0 P1483ENa Figure 20 Low Power Factor with Negative Reactance Control and LDC 2 4 7 4 Circulating current control
122. e to give an alarm Note The green led will usually follow the operation of the watchdog relay There is no shorting contact across the case terminals connected to the break contact of the watchdog relay Therefore the indication for a failed healthy relay will be cancelled when the relay is removed from its case If the relay is still functioning the actual problem causing the alarm can be found from the alarm records in the SYSTEM DATA column of the menu see Chapter 3 Chapter 3 3 5 Unconfigured or uncalibrated alarm For a CONFIGURATION alarm the control software is stopped and no longer performing its intended function For an UNCALIBRATED alarm the control software will still be operational but there will be an error in its calibration that will require attention It may be left running provided the error does not cause any grading problems To return the relay to a serviceable state the initial factory configuration will have to be reloaded and the relay re calibrated It is recommended that the work be carried out at the factory or entrusted to a recognised service centre Setting error alarm A SETTING alarm indicates that the area of non volatile memory where the selected control settings are stored has been corrupted The current settings should be checked against those applied at the commissioning stage or any later changes that have been made If a personal computer PC is used during commissioning then it is rec
123. ed with a voltage equal to Vreg This voltage is much higher than Vrem and if Ic is large enough to take the regulated voltage outside the deadband setting on the relay then the VRR will initiate a lower voltage tap command This is incorrect as the voltage on this transformer is already too low Should this occur then the tap disparity is increased and Ic gets larger causing T2 to continue tapping until the lower tap limit is reached and T2 is locked out Likewise in Figure 14 transformer T1 sees a current IL Ic because it is on too high a tap The net effect of the circulating current in this case is to present a voltage to the relay Vreg which is lower than Vrem If Ic is large enough to take the regulated voltage outside the deadband setting on the relay then the VRR will initiate another raise voltage tap command This will further increase the tap disparity and hence accelerate the situation until the upper and lower tap limits are reached on both T1 and T2 respectively For this condition both transformers are locked out and the system voltage can no longer be regulated P1475ENa Vbus Figure 12 Voltages with transformers T1 and T2 on the same tap position P1474ENa Technical Manual KVCG202 EN MEI KVGC202 Page 51 Figure 13 Effects of circulating currents on LDC IL Ic Volts Low ILX Vbus IL P1476ENa Ic Vbus II Ic Volts High P1477ENa Figure 14 Effect
124. eft hand position on the bottom line of the display to indicate that the relay is ready to have the setting changed The value will be incremented in single steps by each momentary press of the key or if the key is held down the value will be incremented with increasing rapidity until the key is released Similarly the key can be used to decrement the value Follow the instructions in Chapter 3 4 3 to exit from the setting change Note When entering CT RATIO or VT RATIO the overall ratio should be entered i e 2000 5A CT has an overall ratio of 400 1 With rated current applied the relay will display 5A when CT RATIO has the default value of 1 1 and when the ratio is set to 400 1 the displayed value will be 400 x 5 2000A Setting communication address The communication address will be set to 255 the global address to all relays on the network when the relay is first supplied Reply messages are not issued from any relay for a global command because they would all respond at the same time and result in contention on the bus Setting the address to 255 will ensure that when first connected to the network they will not interfere with communications on existing installations The Technical Manual KVCG202 EN M E1 1 KVGC202 3 4 13 3 4 14 3 4 15 3 4 16 Page 33 communication address can be manually set by selecting the appropriate cell for the SYSTEM DATA column entering the setting mode as described in Chapter 3 4
125. el 0 None Level 1 Select level 1 setting Level 2 Select level 2 setting Level 3 Select level 3 setting Local control of loadshedding boosting Local loadshedding boosting control of the relay are via using the opto inputs assigned in input mask The three levels can be selected by energising one of the three opto input channels as required by the user If more than one opto inputs are energised at any one time then the relay acts on the setting nearest to 0 For example if Level1 3 and Level 2 9 then level 1 is selected OR Level1 3 and Level 2 3 then level 2 is selected The ve setting has priority over the ve setting if both values are equally nearest to 0 The following cell locations are assigned in the input masks LEVELS Cell Location Level 1 0707 Level 2 0708 Level 3 0709 Technical Manual KVGC202 8 TECHNICAL DATA 8 1 8 1 1 Ratings Inputs AC current In Auxiliary Voltage Input Line Auxiliary voltage Vx Auxiliary powered Frequency Fn Freq tracking Non tracking Non tracking Logic inputs 8 2 Outputs Field voltage 8 3 8 3 1 Burdens Current circuits In 1A In 1A In 5A In 5A 8 3 2 Reference voltage Vn 110V KVCG202 EN MEI Page 93 Rated In Continuous 3 sec 1 sec I I A A xin xin 1 3 2 30 100 5 3 2 30 400 Rated Vn Continuous 10 sec V xVn xVn 110 4 5 4 Operative range Rated voltage D
126. elay In addition there is a watchdog relay which has one make and one break contact Thus it can indicate both healthy and failed conditions As these contacts are mainly used for alarm purposes they have a lower rating than the programmable outputs The terminal numbers for the output relay contacts are given in the table at the start of Chapter 3 5 Setting the relay with a PC or Laptop Connection to a personal computer PC or lap top via an K Bus RS232 interface Type KITZ 101 or KITZ 102 will enable settings to be changed more easily Alternatively a KITZ 201 may be incorporated into the scheme which enables a PC or lap top to be directly connected via the serial port mounted on the front plate Software is available for the PC that allow on line setting changes in a more user friendly way with a whole column of data being displayed instead of just single cells Setting files can also be saved to floppy disc and downloaded to other relays of the same type There are also programs available to enable settings files to be generated off line i e away from the relays that can be later down loaded as necessary The communication connections and available software are covered in Chapter 7 Technical Manual KVCG202 EN M E1 1 KVGC202 3 6 Page 37 Alarm flags A full list of the alarm flags will be found in Chapter 3 3 5 and they are located in cell 0022 of the SYSTEM DATA column of the menu They consist of nine characters that m
127. elays can be programmed to respond to any of the control functions and eight logic inputs can be allocated to control functions The logic inputs are filtered to ensure that induced ac current in the external wiring to these inputs does not cause an incorrect response Software masks further enable the user to customise the product for their own particular applications They select interconnect the various control elements and replace the interconnections that were previously used between the cases of relays that provided discrete control functions An option is provided to allow testing of the output relays via the menu structure The relay is powered from either a dc or an ac auxiliary which is transformed by a wide ranging dc dc converter within the relay This provides the electronic circuits with regulated and galvanically isolated supply rails The power supply also provides a regulated and isolated field voltage to energise the logic inputs An interface on the front of the relay allows the user to navigate through the menu to access data change settings and reset flags etc As an alternative the relay can be connected to a computer via the serial communication port and the menu accessed on line This provides a more friendly and intuitive method of setting the relay as it allows a whole column of data to be displayed at one time instead of just a single menu cell Computer programs are also available that enable setting files to be generated o
128. ent is required AC auxiliary supply suitable to supply a 30VA load Frequency of 50 60Hz Multi finger test plug type MMLBO 1 for use with test block type MMLG Continuity tester Three phase voltage supply 440V 440 110V star star phase shifting transformer AC voltmeter 0 440V DC voltmeter 0 250V AC Voltmeter 0 to 440V range AC multi range ammeter Suitable non inductive potentiometer to adjust polarising voltage level Interval timer Phase angle meter or transducer If necessary suitable current shunt s for use with the phase angle meter A portable PC with suitable software and a KITZ101 K Bus IEC 60870 5 interface unit will be useful but in no way essential to commissioning KVCG202 EN M E11 Page 104 9 3 9 3 1 9 3 1 1 9 3 1 2 9 4 Auxiliary supply tests Auxiliary supply The relay can be operated from either an ac or a dc auxiliary supply but the incoming voltage must be within the operating range specified in Table 1 Technical Manual KVGC202 Relay rating V DC operating AC operating Maximum crest range V range VAC voltage V 24 125 19 150 50 133 190 48 250 33 300 87 265 380 Table 1 CAUTION The relay can withstand some ac ripple on a dc auxiliary supply However in all cases the peak value of the auxiliary supply must not exceed the maximum crest voltage Do not energise the relay using the battery charger with the battery disconnecte
129. enu Please read Chapter 3 Section 3 3 which provides simple instructions for negotiating the relay menu using the push buttons F and 0 on the front of the relay Individual cells can be viewed and the settable values can be changed by this method If a portable PC is available together with a K Bus interface unit and the Courier Access software then the menu can be viewed a page at a time to display a full column of data and text Settings are also more easily entered and the final settings can be saved to a file on a disk for future reference or printing a permanent record The instructions are provided with the Courier Access software Quick guide to local menu control With the cover in place only the F and 0 push buttons are accessible so data can only be read or flag and counter functions reset No control or configuration settings can be changed Refer to Chapter 3 Section 3 4 1 for a quick guide to the menu controls Terminal allocation Reference should be made to the appropriate connection diagram shown elsewhere in this manual Chapter 3 Section 3 5 gives further information on the external connections to the relay Reference should also be made to the relay masks to identify which functions are allocated to which outputs Electrostatic discharge ESD See recommendations in Chapter 2 of this user manual before handling module outside its case Inspection Loosen the four cover screws and remove the cover the
130. er 9 Appendix Index Technical Manual KVGC202 Relay settings A description of setting ranges and factory settings Measurements Records and Alarms How to customise the measurements and use the recording features Control Functions and Serial Communications Hints on using the serial communication feature Technical Data Comprehensive details on the ratings setting ranges and specifications etc Commissioning Problem Solving amp Maintenance A guide to commissioning problem solving and maintenance Appendices include relay time characteristic curve logic diagram connection diagrams and commissioning test records Provides the user with page references for quick access to selected topics Models available The following models are available KVGC 202 01N21GE 24 125V rated model KVGC 202 01N51GE 48 250V rated model Technical Manual KVCG202 EN M E1 1 KVGC202 Page 15 2 HANDLING AND INSTALLATION 2 1 General considerations 2 1 1 Receipt of product Although the product is generally of robust construction careful treatment is required prior to installation on site Upon receipt the product should be examined immediately to ensure no damage has been sustained in transit If damage has been sustained during transit a claim should be made to the transport contractor and an ALSTOM Grid SAS representative should be promptly notified Products that are supplied unmounted and not intended for immediate install
131. et to Cos in this case The above shows that the effective Vr compensation can vary significantly for varying power factors Reverse reactance control of parallel transformers is used where transformers are dissimilar or at different locations and the power factor variation is not too great Circulating current compensation Vc An alternative method of achieving stable control of parallel transformers is to minimise the reactive circulating current Ic by the introduction of a parallel compensation voltage Vc which is proportional to Ic To establish the value of Ic a pair of pilots must be connected between the KVGC s on the parallel transformers see Figure 2 in Appendix 3 The Vc setting can be set between 0 and 50 volts for reactive rated current applied to the circulating current inputs The Vc setting is determined during commissioning procedures such that optimum stability is obtained for parallel transformers An approximate setting is given by V A 3 Ip Xt C VT ratio Circulating current control using Vc setting allows both resistive and reactive components of line drop compensation to be utilised and is independent of power factor variations Load shedding boosting The effective regulated voltage can be lowered or raised by means of the load shedding boosting option Three programmable levels are available which can be selected either remotely via K Bus or by energising one of the three opto inputs channels Each le
132. f any alarm conditions exist The alarm records can then be read to identify the nature of any alarm that may exist Measurement accuracy The values measured by the relay can be checked against known values injected into the relay via the test block if fitted or injected directly into the relay terminals Suitable test methods will be found in Section 8 1 of this manual which deals with commissioning These tests will prove the calibration accuracy is being maintained Additional tests Additional tests can be selected only from the features that are to be used in the application these features are listed in the Commissioning test instructions as required Method of repair Please read the handling instructions in Section 1 before proceeding with this work This will ensure that no further damage is caused by incorrect handling of the electronic components Technical Manual KVCG202 EN M E1 1 KVGC202 Page 127 9 9 4 1 9 9 4 2 9 9 4 3 Replacing a pcb a Replacement of user interface Withdraw the module from its case Remove the four screws that are placed one at each corner of the front plate Remove the front plate Lever the top edge of the user interface board forwards to unclip it from its mounting Then pull the pcb upwards to unplug it from the connector at its lower edge Replace with a new interface board and assemble in the reverse order b Replacement of main processor board This is the pcb at the extreme left of th
133. f the transformer is de energised The tap position is determined by applying Vph ph from a VT or an external voltage to a potential divider and determining the tap position from the output voltage which is fed to the relay on terminals 19 20 The tap position is rounded to the nearest integer The voltage of each step is given as Vph ph Number of resistors in external potential divider or Vexternal Number of resistors in external potential divider depending on the method of TPI employed Therefore the number of taps available TpAvail should be set to the number of resistors in the external potential divider The external potential divider provided with the relay has 22 resistors for a single unit or 40 resistors with 2 units Additional analogue channels are used in the relay to monitor the ac voltage supply for the step voltage calculation The VT voltage is monitored on terminals 17 18 and the external ac KVCG202 EN MEI Technical Manual Page 66 KVGC202 voltage supply is monitored on terminals 15 16 The relay can indicate tap positions 1 to 40 if the more accurate VT input is used and 1 to 30 if the less accurate external voltage input is used As an example of the TPI if the VT voltage is 100 V and there are 10 taps then a voltage of 10 V would indicate tap position 1 and 20 V tap position 2 etc Note if the TPI sees 0 voltage it indicates tap position 1 To make the TPI more stable there is a hysteresis of 65 for the tap change step
134. ff line and these files can then be down loaded to the relay via the serial communication port In addition to control functions the relay can display all the values that are measured and many additional ones that are calculated Useful time stamped data for post event analysis is stored in event records This data is available via a serial communication port for access locally and or remotely with a computer Remote control actions can also be made and to this end K Range relays have been integrated into SCADA systems KVGC202 relay provide the user with the flexibility to customise the relay for their particular applications They provide many additional features that would be expensive to produce on an individual basis and when the low installation costs are taken into account it will be seen to provide an economic solution for tap change control User interface The front plate of the relay provides a man machine interface providing the user with a means of entering settings to the relay displaying measured values and alarms KVCG202 EN M E1 1 Technical Manual Page 18 3 2 1 KVGC202 Frontplate layout Model number Relay types Serial number Ri ZZ FEDCBA9876543210 Digit identifiers LED indicators Entry keys Ratings P1465ENa Figure 1 3 2 2 Front plate layout The front plate of the relay carries a liquid crystal display LCD on which data such as settings measured values and infor
135. g on each individual character in the 11 bit frame provides additional security and is a requirement of IEC 60870 in order to meet the error rate levels it guarantees It is therefore recommended that modems should be used which support these 11 bit frames The following modems have been evaluated for use with the full IEC 60870 ft1 2 protocol and are recommended for use Dowty Quattro SB2422 Motorola Codex 3265 or 3265 Fast Other modems may be used provided that the following features are available refer to the modem documentation for details on setting these features Support an 11 bit frame 1 start bit 8 data bits 1 even parity bit and 1 stop bit This feature is not required if the 10 bit frame format is chosen Facility to disable all error correction data compression speed buffering or automatic speed changes It must be possible to save all the settings required to achieve a connection in non volatile memory This feature is only required for modems at the outstation end of the link Notes 1 The V23 asymmetric data rate 1200 75bps is not supported 2 Modems made by Hayes do not support 11 bit characters Data for system integration Relay address The relay can have any address from 1 to 254 inclusive Address 255 is the global address that all relays or other slave devices respond to The Courier protocol specifies that no reply shall be issued by a slave device in response to a global message This is to prevent
136. ge ESD precautions are not taken If there is unlocked access to the rear of the equipment care should be taken by all personnel to avoid electric shock or energy hazards Voltage and current connections shall be made using insulated crimp terminations to ensure that terminal block insulation requirements are maintained for safety Safety Section p pe JS SS 5 Watchdog self monitoring contacts are provided in numerical relays to indicate the health of the device Alstom Grid strongly recommends that these contacts are hardwired into the substation s automation system for alarm purposes To ensure that wires are correctly terminated the correct crimp terminal and tool for the wire size should be used The equipment must be connected in accordance with the appropriate connection diagram Protection Class Equipment Before energizing the equipment it must be earthed using the protective conductor terminal if provided or the appropriate termination of the supply plug in the case of plug connected equipment The protective conductor earth connection must not be removed since the protection against electric shock provided by the equipment would be lost When the protective earth conductor terminal PCT is also used to terminate cable screens etc it is essential that the integrity of the protective earth conductor is checked after the addition or removal of such functional earth connections For M4 stud
137. he CONTROL LED should illuminate and the Raise volts relay contacts should close for a period of tPULSE The undervoltage detector contacts V should be closed Slowly reduce the input voltage until the V contacts closes simultaneously with the opening of the Raise volts contacts V blk should be displayed on the LCD Check the voltage at which the tap change is cancelled is in the range V 5 of setting Both Raise volts and Lower volts relay contacts should be open The CONTROL LED should be permanently lit and the Blocked relay contacts should be closed Restore the following settings initial time delay setting tINIT intertap delay tINTER undervoltage blocking setting V Circulating Current Detector Ic The relay should be commissioned with the settings calculated for the application This test will check if both the Raise and Lower operations of the relay are internally blocked when the circulating current exceeds the set value if logic link LOG2 is set to 1 This also causes an alarm output either instantaneously or with a definite time delay Set the relay mask to operate Ic gt and Blocked relay output contacts Both relay contacts should be open Before making the following changes note the settings for logic link LOG2 initial time delay setting tINIT intertap relay tINTER circulating current setting Ic Excessive circulating current
138. he reverse reactance compounding has eliminated the circulating current It is noted from the figure that load current will still be passing through the reactive compensation circuit producing a certain amount of compensation where none should be present In effect this load current compensation is purely an error signal Again in practice this error is small Technical Manual KVCG202 EN MEI KVGC202 Page 53 ILXt Error r C be b Vbus K Vreg E Vx ILXt B Vr 0 IL P1480ENa Figure 17 Negative reactance control at unity power factor Figure 17 shows the effect of load current on negative reactance control with a unity power factor Where the power factor is not unity then it is possible to use the resistive compensation on the relay to correct for the additional error that would occur because of this This is shown in Figure 18 In this example Vr is set to yr NS x Ip x XT tan 0 VT_ratio where Cos power factor of the load ILXt tan 9 we V N Vreg E Vx ILXt Vr ILXt tan P1481ENa Figure 18 Negative reactance control at non unity power factor As previously described Figures 15 and 16 show the use of negative reactance control where line drop compensation is also being used Because the reactive setting Vxl is based on the transformer reactance and not the line reactance a small error is introduced at unity power factor currents If th
139. hen using the and keys select the character to be displayed The F key may then be used to move the cursor to the position of the next character and so on Follow the instructions in Chapter 3 4 3 to exit from the setting change Changing function links Select the page heading required and step down to the function links SD Links Function Links or LOG Links and press either the or to put the relay in a setting change mode A cursor will flash on the bottom line at the extreme left position This is link F as indicated by the character printed on the front plate under the display Press the F key to step along the row of links one link at a time until some text appears on the top line that describes the function of a link The key will change the link to a 1 to select the function and the key will change it to a 0 to deselect it Follow the instructions in Chapter 3 4 3 to exit from the setting change Not all links can be set some being factory selected and locked The links that are locked in this way are usually those for functions that are not supported by a particular relay when they will be set to 0 Merely moving the cursor past a link position does not change it in any way Changing setting values Move through the menu until the cell that is to be edited is displayed Press the or key to put the relay into the setting change mode A cursor will flash in the extreme l
140. housed in the case Do not expose them to risk of damage by withdrawing modules unnecessarily Each module incorporates the highest practicable protection for its semiconductor devices However if it becomes necessary to withdraw a module the precautions should be taken to preserve the high reliability and long life for which the equipment has been designed and manufactured Before removing a module ensure that you are at the same electrostatic potential as the equipment by touching the case Handle the module by its frontplate frame or edges of the printed circuit board Avoid touching the electronic components printed circuit track or connectors Do not pass the module to another person without first ensuring you are both at the same electrostatic potential Shaking hands achieves equipotential Place the module on an antistatic surface or on a conducting surface which is at the same potential as yourself Store or transport the module in a conductive bag If you are making measurements on the internal electronic circuitry of an equipment in service it is preferable that you are earthed to the case with a conductive wrist strap Wrist straps should have a resistance to ground between 500k 10M ohms If a wrist strap is not available you should maintain regular contact with the case to prevent a build up of static Instrumentation which may be used for making measurements should be earthed to the case whenever possible KVCG202 EN
141. ication of how long the tap delay timer has to run before the next tap change can be displayed on the LCD display An inverse characteristic reduces the response time of a tap changer to correct large voltage deviations thus reducing the risk of damage to consumer s equipment For higher voltage systems and for transformers where large voltage deviations are envisaged the inverse characteristic is preferred The definite time delay is predominantly used on low voltage distribution transformers Technical Manual KVCG202 EN MEI KVGC202 Page 43 4 4 3 3 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 Time delay Definite tINIT Inverse V lt lt Inhibit Deadband Voltage ep Figure 5 Inverse time or definite time delay prior to tap change initiation Intertap Delay If additional tap changes are required to bring the voltage back within the deadband limits a definite intertap delay determines the delay between subsequent tap change initiations The inter tap delay will start after the tap pulse duration has elapsed While the regulated voltage remains outside the deadband the output relay will continue to give pulsed closure for the tap pulse duration at intervals determined by the Intertap Delay Reduction of the intertap time to 0 seconds will result in a continuous output indicated by a continuously illuminated red Control LED Tap Pulse Duration tPULSE The tap change initiating signal to Raise Volts or Lower V
142. ime characteristic Selection of a definite initial time delay provides a fixed definite time delay before initiating a tap change and is independent of the voltage deviation Whereas selection of an inverse characteristic gives a time delay inversely proportional to the voltage deviation from the setting voltage Vs For inverse characteristic the initial time delay setting defines the operating time delay at the edge of the deadband N 1 Larger voltage deviations give corresponding faster operating times as shown by the inverse characteristic in Appendix 1 The general expression for inverse time curve t k initial time delay setting x 1 N where k 0 5 Tor initial time delay setting 20s 0 for initial time delay setting gt 20s N indicates deviation from Vs in multiples of dVs and is calculated as e vs 00 N Vs dVs where Vreg Voltage to be regulated Vs Voltage setting dVs Dead band Inter tap delay tINTER Where a multiple tap change sequence is required to bring the voltage back to within the deadband limits then the time delay between successive tapping outputs can be set between 0 and 120 seconds This is normally set to be slightly longer than the operating time of the tap changer mechanism The inter tap delay starts after the first tap pulse has elapsed When the initial time has elapsed the output continues to give pulsed closure for tap pulse duration at intervals set by the inte
143. ing used to be tested However to conduct some tests some of the settings may require adjustments The commissioning engineer should ensure that after completing all tests that all required settings are set for the relay If an output relay is found to have failed an alternative relay can be reallocated until such time as a replacement can be fitted Refer to Chapter 3 Sections 3 4 13 amp 3 4 14 for how to set logic and relay masks Selective logic functions Test Regulated Voltage setting Vs and Dead Band Setting dVs 6 1 Load Shedding Boosting 6 2 Integrated timer 6 3 Line drop compensation 6 4 Under Voltage Detector V 7 1 Over Voltage Detector V gt 7 2 Load Current Detector IL 7 3 Under Voltage Blocking V lt lt 74 Circulating Current Detector Ic 7 5 RunAway Protection 7 6 Table 4 Selective logic features listed below require K Bus remote commands and are not covered by the commissioning instructions Remote setting change Remote group change Remote load shedding Boosting control Note The above accuracy limits make no allowance for instrument errors and possible poor waveform which may be experienced during commissioning Measurement checks All measurements can be viewed from the 0200 MEASURE menu heading on the LCD Current measurement To test the relay current measurement functions inject a known level of current into each current input in turn and monitor
144. intertap delay tINTER undervoltage setting V Overvoltage detector V gt The relay should be commissioned with the settings calculated for the application Operation of the overvoltage detector will block Raise operations to prevent excessive voltage on busbars local to the transformer Before making the following changes note the settings for initial time delay setting tINIT intertap delay tINTER Overervoltage setting V gt Set the initial time delay setting tINIT to 2 seconds intertap delay tINTER to 0 seconds OVvervoltage setting V gt to 105V to 160V Set the relay output mask to operate over voltage detector V gt contacts The contacts should be open Apply 10596 of the system voltage settings to input terminals 17 amp 18 After the initial time delay the CONTROL LED should illuminate The Lower volts contacts should close and the Raise volts should open KVCG202 EN MEI Technical Manual Page 116 9 7 3 KVGC202 Slowly increase the applied voltage and measure the voltage at which the over voltage contact V gt closes Check the measured voltage is within V gt 2 of setting Check the Raise volts contacts remained open and the Lower volts contacts remained closed Restore the following settings initial time delay setting tINIT intertap delay tINTER undervoltage setting V gt Overcurrent Detector IL The rela
145. ions the KVGC is set in terms of the volt drop that will occur when rated current is applied to the relay The relay then applies a level of compensation proportional to the level of circulating current it measures For example a setting of Vc 20 V will produce a compensation voltage equal to 20 Ic lIrated Volts Figure 21 shows two similar parallel transformers where transformer T1 has tapped up before T2 Both VRR1 and VRR2 now see the circulating current as an additional load current In this example transformer T1 is on a higher tap than transformer T2 This will force circulating current to flow from T1 into T2 The current measured by the relay on T1 will therefore be IL Ic and the current seen by the relay on T2 will be IL Ic By connecting pilot wires between the relays currents Ic and lc are extracted by the circulating current control circuit which derives a compensation voltage Vc and Vc Figure 22 shows how Vccvoltage is applied as a compensation voltage to the regulated voltage to increase this voltage so that the VRR will tend to tap down and vice versa for the other VRR Using this method runaway is avoided even if LDC is not required and the tap changers are forced to be in step with each other if the compensating voltage Vc is large enough to take the regulated voltage outside the deadband The circulating current inputs from the line CTs for the KVGC202 are terminals 23 24 for 1A rated CTs and 25 26 for 5A rated CTs The
146. ires test equipment with suitable accuracy and a special calibration program to run on a PC This work is not within the capabilities of most people and it is recommended that the work is carried out by an authorised agency After calibration the relay will need to have all the settings required for the application re entered and so it is useful if a copy of the settings is available on a floppy disk Although this is not essential it can reduce the down time of the system W D healthy 3 AC lt 17 D code System voltage velie Rr ree Wo led D Raise volts 13 Suppl 14 supply pply Blocked 27 V lt lt Phase Load Shifter 28 Current V lt i AC current lc 10A 21 Contact monitor Plot 22 wire 25 Field Voltage Circulating 26 current 5A OPTO Ref LO L 23 BE rent IA 10A current 1A 48 O O O O O O O O 17 OPTO Ref LO L AC Tap position voltage 20 indication 54 K Bus Dur 56 coms port SOGO GO NNOO P1495ENo Figure 37 Test circuit diagram Technical Manual KVCG202 EN M E1 1 KVGC202 Page 129 KVCG202 EN MEI Technical Manual Page 130 KVGC202 APPENDIX 1 Technical Manual KVCG202 EN M E1 1 KVGC202 Page 131 KVCG202 EN MEI Technical Manual Page 132 KVGC202 Definite c R o EI gt 2 eo E E Ge o x gt 5 eo ka o E D SE o g o a O Inverse Initial time del
147. is being used Tap change indication time tTap change The time interval between tap changes to prevent incorrect TPI can be set to 1 3 secs Setting group selection The relay has two setting groups but as supplied only setting group 1 will be visible To make the second group of settings visible in the menu set function link SD4 1 in the SYSTEM DATA column The value of the group 2 settings is unimportant when link SD4 0 because group 1 settings will be in use by default The menu cell OOOE in the SYSTEM DATA column is a read only cell that displays the setting group that is in operation The logic for the setting group is given in the logic diagram in Appendix 2 Remote change of setting group Link SD3 must be set to 1 before the relay will respond to a remote command to change the selected setting group Because the command cannot be sustained over the serial link a set reset register is used to remember the remotely selected setting group When link SD3 1 the set reset register shall change to 0 1 in response to the respective commands Set Group 1 gt lt Set Group 2 gt via the serial port When the value of set reset register is 0 then the group 1 settings shall be in operation and when its value is 1 the group 2 settings will be in operation The state of this register is stored when the relay is powered down and restored on power up When link SD3 0 the value of the set reset register will no longer change in
148. ise the auxiliary voltage supply and check that Blocked is displayed on the LCD and Blocked relay contact is closed Apply the system voltage and adjust the voltage equivalent to the system voltage setting Vs to terminals 17 and 18 The CONTROL LED should extinguish and the raise lower volts relay contacts should become open Slowly increase the supply voltage and record the voltage VHIGH at which the Lower volts contacts closes The CONTROL LED should illuminate Reduce the supply voltage until CONTROL LED extinguishes again Slowly reduce the voltage further and record the voltage VLow at which the raise volts contacts Raise volts closes The CONTROL LED should illuminate Using the values recorded for Vuen and Vi ow calculate the regulated value Vreg and the actual deadband as follows Vreg VHIGH VLow 2 dVSactual VHIGH VLow The value of Vreg should be Vs 40 5 and the deadband should dVs 0 5 of Vs Restore all settings changed i e the initial time delay the inter tap delay and the initial time characteristic Load shedding boosting The relay should be commissioned with the settings calculated for the application only check for the settings levels used for this application The purpose of this test is to ensure that the level of load shedding function is working The system voltage setting Vs can be raised or lowered by means of load shedding option
149. k Volts at receiving end V V Volts low lamp when Vs is set at V V Volts high lamp when Vs is set at V V Average Vs V V should volts at receiving end Commissioning Engineer Customer Witness Date Date KVCG202 EN MEI Technical Manual Page 158 KVGC202 Alstom Grid ALSTOM 2011 ALSTOM the ALSTOM logo and any alternative version thereof are trademarks and service marks of ALSTOM The other names mentioned registered or not are the property of their respective companies The technical and other data contained in this document is provided for information only Neither ALSTOM its officers or employees accept responsibility for or should be taken as making any representation or warranty whether express or implied as to the accuracy or completeness of such data or the achievement of any projected performance criteria where these are indicated ALSTOM reserves the right to revise or change this data at any time without further notice Alstom Grid Worldwide Contact Centre www alstom com grid contactcentre Tel 44 0 1785 250 070 www alstom com s ALSTOM
150. ked tap change operation overcurrent undercurrent and circulating current supervision load shedding boosting capabilities reverse reactance or circulating current compensation for parallel transformers to minimise circulating current tap position indication and two alternative groups of predetermined settings The relays also have integral serial communication facilities via K Bus With enhanced versatility reduced maintenance requirements and low burdens the KVGC202 relay provide a more advanced solution to electrically powered equipment This manual details the menu functions and logic for the KVGC202 relays although general descriptions external connections and some technical data applies equally to the K Range relays Using the manual This manual provides a description of the KVGC202 voltage regulating relay It is intended to guide the user through application installation setting and commissioning of the relays The manual has the following format Chapter 1 Introduction An introduction on how to use this manual Chapter 2 Handling and Installation Precautions to be taken when handling electronic equipment Chapter 3 Relay Description A detailed description of the features of the KVGC202 relays Chapter 4 Application of Control Functions An introduction to the applications of the relays and special features provided KVCG202 EN M E11 Page 14 1 3 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapt
151. leled transformers Primary substation transformers are often operated in parallel in order to improve the security of supply A common configuration is two transformers positioned adjacently in a substation and feeding a common busbar Switching is provided to allow the transformers to be separated for maintenance purposes but normally the transformers operate in parallel Sometimes the two transformers are not alike sometimes more than two transformers are paralleled and sometimes transformers several miles apart are paralleled In practice it is often required to operate two or more tap changing transformers connected in parallel between local busbars R IL 11 12 VRRI P1473ENa Figure 10 Operation of 2 transformers connected in parallel on local busbars The total load current is shared between the two transformers as the inverse ratio of impedances and for similar transformers 11 12 and IL 2 11 2 12 There are several methods of controlling paralleled transformer groups and these may be classified into two categories those which use a single VRR to operate a group of tap changers those which have a VRR in operation for each individual transformer KVCG202 EN M E1 1 Technical Manual Page 48 4 7 1 4 7 2 KVGC202 Master Follower schemes Control schemes in category a above are generally described as master follower schemes A transformer whose VRR is operative is designated as a master or
152. liary for the equipment may include capacitors across the supply or to earth To avoid electric shock or energy hazards after completely isolating the supplies to the equipment both poles of any dc supply the capacitors should be safely discharged via the external terminals prior to de commissioning Disposal It is recommended that incineration and disposal to water courses is avoided The equipment should be disposed of in a safe manner Any equipment containing batteries should have them removed before disposal taking precautions to avoid short circuits Particular regulations within the country of operation may apply to the disposal of the equipment TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR SAFETY Unless otherwise stated in the equipment technical manual the following data is applicable Protective fuse rating The recommended maximum rating of the external protective fuse for equipments is 16A high rupture capacity HRC Red Spot type NIT or TIA or equivalent The protective fuse should be located as close to the unit as possible DANGER CTs must NOT be fused since open circuiting them may produce lethal hazardous voltages Protective class IEC 60255 27 2005 Class unless otherwise specified in the equipment documentation EN 60255 27 2005 This equipment requires a protective conductor earth connection to ensure user safety SS 8 6 3 6 4 Installation category IEC 60255 27 2005 EN 60255 27 2005 Environment
153. mation for the control conditions can be viewed The data is accessed through a menu system The four keys F amp 0 are used to move around the menu select the data to be accessed and enter settings Three light emitting diodes LEDs indicate alarm healthy and control conditions A label at the top corner identifies the relay by both its model number and serial number This information uniquely specifies the product and is required when making any enquiry to the factory about a particular relay In addition there is a rating label in the bottom corner which gives details of the auxiliary voltage and current ratings Two handles one at the top and one at the bottom of the front plate will assist in removing the module from the case LED indications The three LEDs provide the following functions GREENLED Labelled as HEALTHY indicates the relay is powered up and running In most cases it follows the watchdog relay YELLOW LED Labelled as ALARM indicates alarm conditions that have been detected by the relay during its self checking routine or supervision control The alarm lamp flashes when the password is entered password inhibition temporarily overridden RED LED Labelled as CONTROL indicates a tap change that has been issued by the relay and is lit for a period tPULSE When lit permanently it indicates tap change operation Raise and Lower is blocked or the inter tap delay is set to zero The control lamp flashes
154. ment display The power factor is stored in cell location 0205 pf real power apparent power Tap position The relay provides an indication of the actual tap position 1 to 30 The tap position is determined by applying Vbc to a potential divider and determining the tap position from the output voltage which is measured by the relay The tap position is rounded to the nearest integer The voltage of each step is given by Vbc Number of taps selected on the relay The value of the tap position is stored in cell location 0207 The highest and lowest tap positions since last reset are also recorded and the values are stored in cell locations 0208 and 0209 respectively The values can be reset to zero by pressing the 0 key Tap changer operations counter The Tap Change Operations Counter is incremented by 1 each time the tap position is changed The tap change may be initiated by the internal tap change control fuctions manual tap change local control sequences or remote tap change sequences Logic ensures that register is only incremented by 1 in any one tap changing operation The value of the counter is stored in cell location 020A which can be reset to zero by pressing the 0 key Frequent operations monitor The frequent operations counter is incremented every time a tap change operation is initiated over a preset time tP after which an event is raised and the value of the number of operations is recorded The delay ti
155. mer and the counter for the tap change operation are reset to zero after the event is logged The counter can be reset to zero at any time by pressing the 0 key The value of the counter is stored in cell location 020B Time remaining to next tap The value of location 020C tREMAIN is measured and displayed as time remaining to change next tap When a tap change is initiated Raise or Lower volts the value of the initial time delay setting is first stored into this location When the initial time has elapsed i e decremented to zero this location is then stored with the value of the inter tap delay setting When the inter tap has elapsed decremented to zero a tap change is initiated and the location is re stored with inter tap delay value This process continous until the regulated voltage is within the deadband Event records Fifty time tagged event records can be stored after which the oldest record is overwritten They are stored in non volatile memory and will be lost if the relay is powered down The event records can only be accessed via the serial communication port and PC software is available to support the automatic extraction and storing of these records The following items are recorded with a time tag by the event recorder Changes to settings made locally Alarm status Frequent Operations Monitor Events for change in state of an logic input and or an output relay can be recorded by setting the system data link
156. n link if the remote change of settings has been inhibited by setting system data function link 0003 SD Links link 1 to O Reset 0003 SD Links link 1 to 1 manually via the user interface on the relay first Relay does not respond to load shedding boosting levels set from the courier master station Check input masks settings to ensure the load shedding boosting is not selected by the opto inputs as this will override the commands over the serial port Output relays remain picked up Relays remain picked up when de selected by link or mask If an output relay is operated at the time it is de selected either by a software link change or by de selecting it in an output mask it may remain operated until the relay is powered down and up again It is therefore advisable to momentarily remove the energising supply after such changes Measurement accuracy The values measured by the relay can be compared with known system values to check that they are approximately within the tolerance given below If they are not then the following can be tried Resetthe relay by removing the auxiliary supply for 10 seconds Recalibrate the relay If problem is still not solved then the relay should be returned to the factory The measurements should be within the following tolerance Measurements Tolerance Load current 2 Circulating current 5 Measured Voltage 2 Regulated Voltage 0 5 of system voltage Frequen
157. nal 52 and inputs L3 L4 L5 L6 L7 have their common connection on terminal 55 When they are to be energised from the field voltage then terminals 52 and 55 must be connected to terminal 8 the negative of the field voltage The logic inputs can then be energised by connecting a volt free contact between the positive of the field voltage terminal 7 and the terminal for the appropriate logic input The circuit for each opto isolated input contains a blocking diode to protect it from any damage that may result from the application of voltage with incorrect polarity Where the opto isolated input of more than one relay is to be controlled by the same contact it will be necessary to connect terminal 7 of each relay together to form a common line In the example circuit below contact X operates L1 of relay 1 and contact Y operates LO of relay 1 as well as LO and L1 of relay 2 L2 is not used on either relay and has no connections made to it The logic inputs can be separated into two isolated groups when it is necessary to energise some from the station battery The logic inputs are rated at 48V and it will be necessary to connect an external resistor in series with the input if the battery is of higher rated voltage The value of this resistor should be 2000 ohms for every additional 10V The field voltage is not earthed and has insulation rated for 2kV for 1 minute Thus if necessary the positive terminal of the field voltage could be connected to
158. nd Confirmation that a control command or setting change has been accepted is issued by the relay and an error message is returned when it is rejected The command to change setting group does not give an error message when the group 2 settings are disabled unless link SD3 0 to inhibit response to a remote setting group change commands Remote setting change The relay will only respond to setting change commands via the serial port if link SD1 1 Setting SD1 0 inhibits all remote setting changes with the exception of the SD software links and the password entry Thus with link SD1 0 remote setting changes are password protected To change them the password must be remotely entered and the function link SD function link SD1 set to 1 to enable remote setting changes When all setting changes have been made set link SD1 0 to restore password protection to remote setting changes Remote control of setting group The setting group selection is fully described in chapter 5 Chapter 5 2 including the remote control of this function Group 2 must be activated before it can be selected by setting software link SD4 1 Set link SD3 1 to enable the relay to respond change setting group commands via the serial port to select group 2 and set SD4 1 to inhibit this function If the remote setting changes have been selected to have password protection as described in Chapter 7 5 1 then it can also be applied to the remote setting group selection
159. nu 3 3 3 Menu contents 3 3 4 Menu columns 3 3 5 System data 3 3 6 Status 3 3 7 Measure 3 3 8 Control 1 3 3 9 Logic 1 3 3 10 Control 2 3 3 11 Logic 2 3 3 12 Input masks 3 3 13 Relay masks KVCG202 EN M E11 Page 1 13 13 13 14 15 15 15 15 15 16 16 16 17 17 17 18 18 19 19 19 19 20 20 21 21 24 24 25 25 26 27 28 28 KVCG202 EN M E11 Page 2 3 4 3 4 1 3 4 2 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 4 5 3 4 6 3 4 7 3 4 8 3 4 9 3 4 10 3 4 11 3 4 12 3 4 13 3 4 14 3 4 15 3 4 16 3 5 3 5 1 3 5 2 3 5 3 3 5 4 3 5 5 3 6 4 1 4 2 4 2 1 4 2 2 4 2 3 4 2 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4 3 4 4 3 1 4 4 3 2 Changing text and settings Quick guide to menu controls To enter setting mode To escape from the setting mode To accept the new setting Password protection Entering passwords Changing passwords Restoration of password protection Entering text Changing function links Changing setting values Setting communication address Setting input masks Setting output masks Resetting values Resetting CONTROL LED indication External connections Auxiliary supply Logic control inputs Analogue inputs Output relays Setting the relay with a PC or Laptop Alarm flags APPLICATION OF CONTROL FUNCTIONS Configuring the relay Changing the configuration of the relay SYSTEM DATA SD Logic links LOG Control links CTL Default output relays Setting group selection Applic
160. ocation 0202 6 1 3 Frequency The sampling frequency of the A D converter is synchronised to the power system frequency when there is a signal of sufficient strength to reliably make a frequency measurement In the absence of a signal to frequency track the sampling frequency defaults to the power frequency setting in menu cell 0009 The measured frequency defaults to the power frequency setting when the current and voltage is zero The displayed frequency measurement will also be the sampling frequency but in this case it will read O when the frequency tracking stops The measured frequency is stored in cell location 0206 6 1 4 Power factor The real and apparent power is calculated from the measured load current IL and line voltage Vbc quantities These are made available in the form of magnitude and phase information or as quadrature fourier vectors Icos _vect and Isin _vect as illustrated in the diagram below Isin 0 vect V P1492ENa Icos 0 vect Figure 33 Real power is then calculated from fourier Vbc Icos vector and the fourier IL Icos The apparent power is calculated from Vbc and IL magnitudes KVCG202 EN MEI Technical Manual Page 80 6 2 KVGC202 The power factor is calculated by rotating the load current by 90 to make it relative to Vbc The calculated power pf is converted into a numeric quantity in the form of Mantissa Sign Exponent Units to allow it to be used by the measure
161. olts uses the same tap pulse duration in order to increment or decrement the tap position by one The tap pulse duration is user selectable 0 5 5s Operating Sequences For a large voltage deviation outside the set deadband the tap changer is required to perform a multiple tap change sequence Two main methods of controlling such a sequence are as follows Method 1 This is the standard method and is suitable where rapid correction of large voltage deviations is required to give better regulation The initial delay setting tINIT determines the delay in initiating any tap change sequence After the set initiating pulse tPULSE the inter tap delay setting determines the delay between subsequent tap change initiations This process continues until the system voltage is restored to within the deadband limits For rapid restoration of nominal voltage conditions the inter tap delay can be set equal to the operating time of the tap changer mechanism the limitation being that the tap changer should be able to respond to an output from the VRR Although this method of operation provides better system voltage regulation it may also result in excessive operation of the tap changer mechanism An alternative method of operation is described below which can significantly increase the total time to restore nominal voltage whilst correcting larger voltage deviations more rapidly KVCG202 EN M E1 1 Technical Manual Page 44 KVGC202 Voltage
162. ommended that the final settings applied to the relay are copied to a floppy disc with the serial number of the relay used as the file name The setting can then be readily loaded back into the relay if necessary or to a replacement relay KVCG202 EN MEI Technical Manual Page 124 9 8 3 4 9 8 3 5 9 8 3 6 9 8 4 9 8 4 1 9 8 5 9 8 5 1 9 8 5 2 KVGC202 No service alarm This alarm flag can only be observed when the relay is in the calibration or configuration mode when the tap control program will be stopped No samples alarm This indicates that no samples are being taken If this alarm flag is ever observed then it might be possible to reset the flag by removing the auxiliary supply to the relay for 10 seconds The relay should be returned to the factory if this problem is not resolved No Fourier alarm This indicates that fourier not performing If this alarm flag is ever observed then it might be possible to reset the flag by removing the auxiliary supply to the relay for 10 seconds The relay should be returned to the factory if this problem is not resolved Records Problems with event records A total of fifty events can be stored in a buffer The oldest event is overwritten by the next event to be stored when the buffer becomes full The event records are erased if the auxiliary supply to the relay is lost for a period exceeding the hold up time of the internal power supply Any change of stat
163. on functions of a VRR A range of supervision functions are required to provide a comprehensive voltage regulating control scheme The supervision functions are employed to block unwanted tap changes and provide alarms for various system conditions These include the following Runaway protection Runaway Protection is the feature that detects when a tap change has occurred and checks that it is the result of an authentic tap change signal An alarm is initiated if tap position changes in the absence of an initiation signal or tap position changes in a direction which causes the voltage to move further away from the desired voltage Vs The run away protection reads the flags set by the tap change initiation software to determine when a fault condition occurs A locking lockout condition is initiated to inhibit any further tap changes for a runaway alarm if logic link LOG7 is set to 1 If auxiliary power to the relay is interrupted then any difference in tap position between power off and power on are counted by the operations counter but will not cause a run away condition Any tap position changes occurring during an interruption to the system voltage will be similarly treated Undervoltage detection V The undervoltage detector is set to a threshold V which defines the minimum working limit of the transformer If the voltage falls below this limit any tap change operations that would reduce the voltage further a
164. on provide full information on safe handling commissioning and testing of this equipment This Safety Section also includes reference to typical equipment label markings The technical data in this Safety Section is typical only see the technical data section of the relevant equipment documentation for data specific to a particular equipment the contents of this Safety Section and the ratings on the equipment s rating Before carrying out any work on the equipment the user should be familiar with label Reference should be made to the external connection diagram before the equipment is installed commissioned or serviced Language specific self adhesive User Interface labels are provided in a bag for some equipment HEALTH AND SAFETY The information in the Safety Section of the equipment documentation is intended to ensure that equipment is properly installed and handled in order to maintain it in a safe condition It is assumed that everyone who will be associated with the equipment will be familiar with the contents of this Safety Section or the Safety Guide SFTY 4L M When electrical equipment is in operation dangerous voltages will be present in certain parts of the equipment Failure to observe warning notices incorrect use or improper use may endanger personnel and equipment and also cause personal injury or physical damage Before working in the terminal strip area the equipment must be isolated Proper and safe oper
165. ons 0004 SYS Description PWP This is text that describes the relay type It is password protected and can be changed by the user to a name which may describe the scheme configuration of the relay if the relay is changed from the factory configuration 0005 SYS Plant Reference PWP The plant reference can be entered by the user but is limited to 16 characters This reference is used to identify the primary plant with which the relay is associated 0006 SYS Model Number READ The model number that is entered during manufacture has encoded into it the mechanical assembly ratings and configuration of the relay It is printed on the frontplate and should be quoted in any correspondence concerning the product 0008 SYS Serial Number READ The serial number is the relay identity and encodes also the year of manufacture It cannot be changed from the menu 0009 SYS Frequency SET The set frequency from which the relay starts tracking on power up Technical Manual KVCG202 EN M E1 1 KVGC202 Page 23 000A Communication Level READ This cell will contain the communication level that the relay will support It is used by master station programs to decide what type of commands to send to the relay 000B SYS Relay Address SET An address between 1 and 254 that identifies the relay when interconnected by a communication bus These addresses may be shared between several communication buses and therefore not all these addresses
166. ontacts MT wou R3 D 22 v R4 E 21 R5 MF 120 R6 iG 19 R7 jH 18 R8 iJ 17 R9 IK 16 R10 JL 115 R11 M 14 R12 SN 113 R13 o 12 R14 P Lu R15 R 10 PCB1 x S Y en S 9 R10 M 8 R9 AL Lt R8 K 16 R7 ly 5 R6 IH 14 R5 G i3 R4 F i2 D R3 E1 MOV1 Vee PCB2 25 ic X 26 19 Potential divider Figure 30 Connection of 22 tap potential divider to KVGC with VT voltage input KVCG202 EN MEI Technical Manual Page 68 KVGC202 VT Tap changer W 23 Y contacts MOV1 R3 D 22 y R4 E 21 R5 JF 20 R6 G 19 R7 JH 18 R8 WJ 117 AC R9 IK 16 External R10 iL 15 Supply R11 M 14 R12 N 113 R13 lO 12 R14 Poi R15 R 110 PCB1 X S Y R11 E j9 R10 M 8 KVGC x R9 LT Vea R8 K 8 17y 16 1 R7 ly 15 REG 18 R6 AH 14 R5 IG i3 R4 IF l2 R3 el 20 24 D MOV1 Ver PCB2 25 C IX 26 19 Potential divider Figure 31 Connection of 22 tap potential divider to KVGC with AC External supply Technical Manual KVCG202 EN M E1 1 KVGC202 Page 69 VT Tap changer
167. ontrol is lost completely loss of the master or the LDC setting is increased to twice the required value loss of the follower Also many of the control circuits are complex and rely on satisfactory operation of numerous electrical contacts in step correcting switches out of step relays etc and many of the older schemes are unreliable and expensive to maintain Instability of individually controlled parallel transformers Where two or more transformers are operated in parallel by their individual VRR s then it is inevitable that one transformer may operate earlier than the other transformers in the group This will result in a disparity of tappings between transformers The busbar voltage will change only by the percentage change in transformer ratios divided by the number of transformers in parallel This may be sufficient to correct the voltage and the VRR s on the other transformers will then reset without operating A tapping disparity creates a circulating current Ic between the transformers through the busbars The circulating current is limited by the impedance of the one transformer plus the effective parallel impedance of the remaining transformers in the group As the transformer impedances are almost entirely reactive the circulating current will also be reactive Hence each transformer in a parallel group sees a nominal load current component Ic which is Technical Manual KVCG202 EN M E1 1 KVGC202 4 7 2 1 4 7 2 2 Page 4
168. or settings but password might be required before some settings can be entered Two setting groups are available to allow the user to set Group 1 to normal operating conditions while Group 2 can be set to cover abnormal operating conditions The quantities that require setting are listed below with the adjustment range and step sizes Setting Symbols KVGC adjustment range In steps of Setting voltage Vs 90 139V 0 1V Dead band dVs 0 5 to 20 of Vs 0 1 Circulating current Ic 0 02 0 5A In 1A 0 01A i 0 05A 0 1 2 5A In 5A Load current IL 0 5 2A In 1A 0 05A 2 5 10A In 5A Load current IL 0 1A In 1A 0 10A 0 5A In 5A Circulating current Vc 0 50V 1 0V compensation Resistive line drop Vr 0 50V 1 0V compensation Reactive line drop Val 0 50V 1 0V compensation Reverse reactance Internal reversal of Vx vector control Initial delay tINIT Definite 0 20 secs 1 sec 20 300 secs 10 secs Inverse See Chapter 6 3 3 Intertap delay tINTER 0 120 secs 0 1 secs Tap pulse duration tPULSE 0 5 5 secs 0 5 secs Load 3 Steps 0 10 of Vs 1 shedding boosting Under voltage detection V lt 80 130V 1 0V Over voltage detection V 105 160V 1 0V Under voltage blocking V lt lt 60 130V 1 0V Total taps available TapsAvail 1 30 Ext volt 1 40 VT 1 Maximum tap position TP gt 1 30 E
169. ore minimum current rating 50W and allowing a 50 derating of the component a 100W resistor is required Therefore use RS 0 5 Q 100W Note See short time current withstand note given in example 1 4 7 4 2 2 Series connection of LDC circuits As an alternative to the parallel connection of LDC circuits the LDC circuits can be connected in series see Figure 29 With this series connection the LDC inputs measure the total secondary load current derived from the parallel connection of the line CTs Therefore as with the parallel connection when the number of transformers supplying the load changes the LDC settings on the relay will not need to be adjusted With this method of connection the LDC circuits measure the total load current from the two transformers Therefore the VR and VXL settings can be based on rated current as for a single transformer shown earlier If three transformers or more are connected in parallel then care should be taken that the LDC inputs are not thermally over rated The current inputs on the KVGC are rated to carry 3 2In continuously If this is likely to be exceeded then interposing CTs should be used to reduce the current to the LDC inputs and the VR and VX settings should be increased accordingly Requires the possible use of interposing CTs ICTs Figure 29 Series Connection of LDC Circuits 4 7 4 2 3 Embedded generation If embedded generation is installed close to the load centre then this co
170. ote testing 9 9 2 1 Alarms 9 9 2 2 Measurement accuracy 9 9 3 Local testing KVCG202 EN M E11 Page 9 115 115 116 117 117 119 121 121 122 122 122 122 122 123 123 123 123 123 123 124 124 124 124 124 124 124 124 125 125 125 125 125 126 126 126 126 126 126 KVCG202 EN M E1 1 Technical Manual Page 10 9 9 3 1 Alarms 9 9 3 2 Measurement accuracy 9 9 3 3 Additional tests 9 9 4 Method of repair 9 9 4 1 Replacing a pcb 9 9 4 2 Replacing output relays and opto isolators 9 9 4 3 Replacing the power supply board 9 9 4 4 Replacing the back plane 9 9 5 Recalibration KVGC202 126 126 126 126 127 127 127 128 128 T COMMISSIONING TEST RECORD ERROR BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED Figure 1 Front plate layout Figure 2 Menu format Figure 3 Example connection of logic inputs Figure 4 Basic Regulating Requirements Figure 5 Inverse time or definite time delay prior to tap change initiation Figure 6 Initial and inter tap delay used for multiple tap change sequence Figure 7 Initial delay used for multiple tap change sequence Figure 8 Line drop compensation to regulate system voltage at remote point to tap changer Figure 9 LDC Vector diagram Figure 10 Operation of 2 transformers connected in parallel on local busbars Figure 11 Circulating currents due to tap disparity Figure 12 Voltages with transformers T1 and T2 on the same tap position Figure 13 Effects of circulating
171. ould be provided Equipment use If the equipment is used in a manner not specified by the manufacturer the protection provided by the equipment may be impaired Removal of the equipment front panel cover Removal of the equipment front panel cover may expose hazardous live parts which must not be touched until the electrical power is removed SS 6 A pp pipe pepe Safety Section UL and CSA CUL listed or recognized equipment To maintain UL and CSA CUL Listing Recognized status for North America the equipment should be installed using UL and or CSA Listed or Recognized parts for the following items connection cables protective fuses fuseholders or circuit breakers insulation crimp terminals and replacement internal battery as specified in the equipment documentation For external protective fuses a UL or CSA Listed fuse shall be used The Listed type shall be a Class J time delay fuse with a maximum current rating of 15 A and a minimum d c rating of 250 Vd c for example type AJT15 Where UL or CSA Listing of the equipment is not required a high rupture capacity HRC fuse type with a maximum current rating of 16 Amps and a minimum d c rating of 250 Vd c may be used for example Red Spot type NIT or TIA Equipment operating conditions The equipment should be operated within the specified electrical and environmental limits Current transformer circuits Do not open the secondary circuit of a live CT since
172. output masks An eight bit mask is allocated to each control function When a mask is selected the text on the top line of the display indicates the associated function and the bottom line of the display shows a series of 1 s and O s for the selected mask The numbers printed on the front plate under the display indicate the output relay RLY7 to RLYO that each bit is associated A 1 indicates that the relay will respond to the displayed function and a 0 indicates that it will not A logical OR function is performed on the relay masks so that more than one relay may be allocated to more than one function An output mask may be set to operate the same relay as another mask so that for example one output relay may be arranged to operate for all the functions required to block tap operations and another for only those functions that are to initiate tap change Resetting values The values of highest tap lowest tap total number of operations and total number of frequent operations can be reset to zero To achieve the menu cell containing the values to be reset measure column must be displayed and then the 0 key held depressed for at least one second to effect the reset Resetting CONTROL LED indication If the tap change operation is blocked the CONTROL LED is lit permanently and the textual information for the condition is displayed via the correct default display If any of the following conditions are detected the CON
173. p position indication TPI or 1 30 if an external voltage is used This setting should be set to indicate the number of resistors used in the TPI resistor box For example if a resistor box with 22 resistors is used TapsAvail should be set to 22 regardless of the actual taps available on the transformer Technical Manual KVCG202 EN M E1 1 KVGC202 5 1 18 5 1 19 5 1 20 5 1 21 5 2 5 2 1 5 2 2 5 2 3 Page 75 Two threshold settings TP maximum tap position and TP lt minimum tap position can also be set between 1 and 40 or 1 and 30 depending on whether the VT or external voltage is used for TPI An alarm can be initiated if the tap position is outside the set thresholds Tap fail time delay tFAIL Alarm initiation time delay can be set between 0 and 15 minutes An alarm is initiated if the voltage has changed due to tap change operation in response to a valid Raise Lower command issued by the relay but is unable to come within the prescribed deadband limits within the period of preset time delay Frequent operations Ops TP gt tp The number of taps change operations 1 100 in a given time 0 24Hrs can be set An alarm is initiated if the number of tap change operations Ops TP exceeds a thresholds over a preset time tp Power factor The power factor angle can be set between 0 and 90 degrees This provides compensation for different power factors in the system where negative reactance control
174. port both on line and off line setting changes to be made and the automatic extraction and storage of event records as described in Chapter 6 3 Courier is designed to operate using a polled system which prevents a slave device from communicating directly to a master control unit when it needs to inform it that something has happened it must wait until the master control unit requests the information A feature of Courier is that each piece of information is packeted by preceding it with a data type and length code By knowing the format of the data the receiving device can interpret it The Courier Communication Manual describes various aspects of this language and other communication information necessary to interface these devices to other equipment It gives details on the hardware and software interfaces as well as guidelines on how additional devices should implement the Courier language so as to be consistent with all other devices K Bus K Bus a communication system developed to connect remote slave devices to a central master control unit thus allowing remote control and monitoring functions to be performed using an appropriate communication language It is not designed to allow direct communication between slave devices but merely between a master control unit and several slave devices The main features of K Bus are cost effectiveness high security ease of installation and ease of use The KVGC202 voltage regulating relay ha
175. r of 1 second in every 5 5 hours The event recording was originally designed for use with automatic extraction programs running on a personal computer PC when these timing errors would be insignificant Accessing and resetting event records Event records cannot be viewed on the relay and can only be accessed via the serial communication port of the relay A PC with suitable software such as PAS amp T can automatically extract the records display them on a screen print them or store them to either a floppy disc or to the hard disc of the computer When a new record is generated the oldest event record is automatically overridden and the event flag set The PAS amp T software responds to this flag and extracts the record When all records have been read the event flag resets Recorded times The times recorded for the opto isolated inputs is the time at which the relay accepted them as valid and responded to their selected control function This will be 12 5 2 5ms at 50 Hz 10 4 2 1ms at 60 Hz after the opto input was energised The time recorded for the output relays is the time at which the coil of the relay was energised and the contacts will close approximately 5ms later Otherwise the time tags are generally to a resolution of 1ms for events and to a resolution of 1yus for the samples values Alarm records Watchdog The watchdog relay will pick up when the relay is operational to indicate a healthy state with its make
176. r tap delay Setting the inter tap delay to 0 seconds results in a continuous output indicated by continuously illuminated Control LED Tap pulse duration tPULSE The tap pulse duration can be set between 0 5 to 5 seconds It is initiated to Raise volts or Lower volts during multiple tap change sequence Technical Manual KVCG202 EN M E1 1 KVGC202 5 1 6 Page 73 Line drop compensation Vr and Vxl The resistive and reactive controls are set such that the voltage at a point remote to the tap changing transformer can be regulated for varying load conditions The resistive line drop compensation can be set between 0 and 50 volts at rated current The reactive line drop compensation can be set between 50 to 50 volts at rated current Ge A 3 Ip RL TS A 3 Ip XL VT ratio VT ratio Where Ip primary rated current of line CT RL resistive component of line impedance XL reactive component of line impedance VT ratio ratio of primary to secondary voltages of line VT Setting the Vxl to ve value allows selection of reverse reactance for control of circulating current where transformers are connected in parallel For reverse reactance control the settings are now as below _ N8 Ip Xt Vxl reverse VT ratio Where Xt reactance of transformer 3 Now Vr ISP RL Cos XL Sin 0 Xt Sin 0 Where Cos power factor of load Note The setting PF angle setting in the control column should be s
177. r the password and then step down to the cell containing the SD links Press the key to put the relay into setting mode and use to F key to step through the options The option will be shown in an abbreviated form on the top line of the display as each function link is selected To select an option set the link to 1 with the key and to deselect it set it to 0 with the key Technical Manual KVCG202 EN M E1 1 KVGC202 4 2 2 Page 39 The following options are available via links SDO to SD7 SDO Not used SD1 Rem Cntrl 1 enable remote control SD2 Rem LSB 1 enable load shedding boost SD3 Rem Grp2 1 enable remote change to group2 settings SD4 En Grp2 1 enable group 2 settings 0 hide group 2 settings SD5 1 Grp2 1 select group 2 settings SD6 lrev Grp2 1 reverse current selects group 2 SD7 Log Evts 1 enable storing of logic changes in event recorder SD8 Not used SD9 Extrn V 1 TPI uses external voltage VT When the selection has been completed continue to press the F key until the confirmation display appears and confirm the selection Now step down the menu to cell 0004 Description and enter a suitable name for the configuration a maximum of sixteen characters are available Step down one cell 0005 Plant Ref where a suitable reference can be entered for the plant that the relay is to protect If the configuration is for a relay that is to be applied to
178. raised by means of the load shedding boosting option This allows a system operator to override the VRR automatic regulation to increase or decrease the system voltage supply Adjusting the system voltage will have a direct effect on the load current decreasing the voltage will reduce shed load current and increasing the voltage will increase boost the load current Three programmable levels are available settable between 0 to 10 Vs and can be selected either via K Bus or by using external contacts to select one of 3 opto inputs assigned to Level 1 Level 2 and Level 3 as required by the user The stage of the load shedding boosting can be viewed under the SYSTEM DATA heading of the menu When link SD2 is set to 1 it enables load shedding boosting in response to commands over the serial port When SD2 is set to 0 it prevents load shedding boosting in response to such commands over the serial port The opto inputs will override the commands over the serial port When the auxiliary supply to the relay is interrupted the states of the load shedding are remembered This ensures that the level of load shedding is not changed by interruptions of the auxiliary supply Technical Manual KVCG202 EN M E1 1 KVGC202 Page 71 5 RELAY SETTINGS 5 1 Relay settings All the settings can be entered into the relay via the front keypad or using a PC with a K Bus connection The selection can be made in the menu columns f
179. rd way with two of it s output contacts arranged to give raise and lower commands The followers are controlled from two more contacts on the master VRR set to give raise and lower commands to the manual raise and lower opto inputs on the follower relays In this way when the master relay issues a raise or lower command the follower relays will give a raise or lower commands via their manual tap change controls If the KVGC is configured to use it s tap position indication then two output contacts can be arranged to indicate even and odd tap positions These contacts can be wired externally to give an out of step alarm after a time delay if all the transformers are not in step i e not all at odd or even tap positions The circulating current alarm could also be used to indicate an out of step condition for more then one tap position apart if pilot connections are used to extract the circulating current Note the minimum operating voltage of the opto inputs is gt 35 V and so the maximum limiting series lead resistance for a single opto input is 2000 ohms In general master follower schemes are not suited for parallel control of transformers which have dissimilar tap step increments or number of taps Such transformer groups require each transformer to be individually controlled within the group described as category b Most master follower schemes suffer from the disadvantage that following the loss of one transformer on fault either the voltage c
180. re blocked An independent time delayed output contact allocated in the Relay Mask V lt indicates the operation of the element A common time delay t V V is used for the V undervoltage and V overvoltage elements KVCG202 EN MEI Technical Manual Page 64 4 8 3 KVGC202 Undervoltage blocking V lt lt If the system voltage falls below typically 80 Vs it is necessary to inhibit the relay Raise V and Lower V outputs This is needed to prevent operation for fault conditions on or through the transformer where the current through the tap changer exceeds the switching capacity of the tap changer mechanism If the voltage falls below the V lt lt threshold the undervoltage detector will operate and instantaneously reset the initial time delay thus inhibiting the relay outputs to Raise V or Lower V tap change operations This feature may also be used to determine an operating sequence where a multiple tap change sequence is required to restore nominal reference voltage see section 4 4 4 Operating Sequences Technical Manual KVCG202 EN M E1 1 KVGC202 4 8 4 4 8 5 4 8 6 4 8 7 4 8 8 4 9 Page 65 Overvoltage detection V gt The overvoltage detector is set to a threshold which defines the maximum voltage on the busbars local to the transformer If the voltage rises above this limit any tap change operations that would increase the voltage further are blocked An independent
181. relay can now be withdrawn from its case Carefully examine the module and case to see that no damage has occurred since installation and visually check the current transformer shorting switches in the case are wired into the correct circuit and are closed when the module is withdrawn Check that the serial number on the module case and front plate are identical and that the model number and rating information are correct Check that the external wiring is correct to the relevant relay diagram or scheme diagram The relay diagram number appears inside the case on a label at the left hand side The serial number of the relay also appears on this label and on the front plate of the relay module The serial numbers marked on these two items should match the only time that they may not match is when a failed relay module has been replaced for continuity of protection With the relay removed from its case ensure that the shorting switches between terminals listed below are closed by checking with a continuity tester Terminals 21 and 22 23 and 24 25 and 26 27 and 28 Earthing Ensure that the case earthing connection above the rear terminal block is used to connect the relay to a local earth bar and where there is more than one relay the copper earth bar is in place connecting the earth terminals of each case in the same tier together Main current transformers DO NOT OPEN CIRCUIT THE SECONDARY CIRCUIT OF A LIVE CT SINCE THE HIGH VOLTAGE P
182. resistive line drop compensation setting Vr reactive line drop compensation setting Vx load current setting IL Reactive load current compensation Vx The relay should be commissioned with the settings calculated for the application Check the relay mode setting 0102 STATUS Before making the following changes note the settings and system data links for intertap delay tINTER system voltage Vs circulating compensation voltage Vc resistive line drop compensation setting Vr reactive line drop compensation setting Vx load current setting IL Set the System voltage Vs setting to 100V intertap delay tINTER to 0 seconds Circulating compensation voltage setting Vc to OV resistive line drop compensation setting Vr to OV reactive line drop compensation setting Vx to required setting or 20V load current setting IL to 1In The reactive load drop compensation may be used to compensate for voltage drop due to reactive elements in the power line in the same way as the resistive load drop compensation In addition by setting the compensation to reverse compensation can be achieved for circulating currents as circulating currents have a high reactive content Apply a current of 1xIn to the load current inputs terminals 27 and 28 Adjust the phase shifter to give 0 degree phase angle between the applied voltage and load current voltage is in anti phase with current A tap
183. rt plant status information over communication network 000D Ctrl Status READ Binary word used to indicate the status of control data 000E Grp now READ Indicates the active setting group 000F LSB Stage READ Indicates the last received load shedding command 0011 Software READ Software reference for the product 0020 Log Status READ Indicates the current status of all the logic inputs 0021 Rly Status READ Indicates the current status of the output relay drives 0022 Alarms READ Indicates the current state of internal alarms 0 Uncfg READ Error in factory configuration settings 1 Uncalib READ Operating in uncalibrated state 2 Setting READ Error detected in stored settings 3 No Service READ Out of service and not functioning 4 No Samples READ No A D samples but still in service 5 No Fourier READ Fourier is not being performed 6 Test Wdog SET Test watchdog by setting this bit to 1 0 normal 0002 SYS Password PWP The selected configuration of the relay is locked under this password and cannot be changed until it has been entered Provision has been made for the user to change the password which may consist of four upper case letters in any combination In the event of the password becoming lost a recovery password can be obtained on request but the request must be accompanied by a note of the model and serial number of the relay 0003 SYS Function Links PWP These function links enable selection to be made from the system opti
184. s a serial communication port configured to K Bus Standards K Bus is a communication interface and protocol designed to meet the requirements of communication with protective relays and transducers within the power system substation environment It has the same reliability as the protective relays themselves and does not result in their performance being degraded in any way Error checking and noise rejection have been of major importance in its design K Bus transmission layer The communication port is based on RS485 voltage transmission and reception levels with galvanic isolation provided by a transformer A polled protocol is used and no relay unit is allowed to transmit unless it receives a valid message without any detected error and addressed to it Transmission is synchronous over a pair of screened wires and the data is FMO coded with the clock signal to remove any dc component so that the signal will pass through transformers With the exception of the Master Units each node in the network is passive and any failed unit on the system will not interfere with communication to the other units The frame format is HDLC and the data rate is 64kbits s KVCG202 EN MEI Technical Manual Page 86 KVGC202 Lp orcs S SE Set eer ooo L AQ nooo nan Protocol converter RS232 K Bus dc J ves compute P1493ENa
185. s defining the minimum working limit of the transformer and allowing tap changes in such a direction as to restore the regulated voltage V lt output relay allocated in the relay mask will pick up the undervoltage detection condition to give the alarm indication The pick up drop off differentials on the undervoltage detectors is 1 of the threshold setting Technical Manual KVCG202 EN M E1 1 KVGC202 6 4 5 6 4 6 6 4 7 6 4 8 6 4 9 6 4 10 Page 83 Overvoltage detection V gt The overvoltage detector will block operations that raise the voltage to prevent excessive voltage on busbars local to the transformer V output relay allocated in the relay mask will pick up the overvoltage detection condition to give the alarm indication The pick up drop off differentials on the overvoltage detector will be 196 of the threshold setting Circulating current detection Ic The circulating detector IC limits the tap differences between parallel transformers In the event of excessive circulating current over a certain period tIC the Ic detector will be used to internally block the relay for both Raise and Lower operations Ic output relay allocated in the relay mask will pick up the excessive circulating current condition to give the alarm indication If the logic link LOG2 is set to 1 the alarm condition will also cause the blocking of the tap change control operation The pick up
186. s of circulating currents on LDC IL Ic Volts High 4 7 3 Negative reactance compounding Since the effect of Ic on the Vxl setting is the main contributing factor to stability a reversal of the Vxl setting would produce components IL XL and Ic XL The overall effect is to obtain stable operation as the transformers are being driven towards the same tap position Negative reactance control is an alternative form of compensation to pilot wire methods to control circulating current between parallel transformers It has the advantage over the pilot method of control in that no interconnections are required between individual relays It is also applicable to parallel transformers of different impedance tap changers or source buses Its main disadvantage is that it provides less accurate regulation than the pilot method of control For reverse reactance control the V x setting can be determined from the reactance of the transformer A43 x Ip x XT V x I reverse vr ratio where XT reactance of the transformer If the reactive compensation used in the above examples were reversed then the result would be as shown by Figures 15 and 16 KVCG202 EN M E1 1 Technical Manual Page 52 KVGC202 IL Ic Volts Low P1478ENa Figure 15 Negative reactance control 1 IL Ic Volts High P1479ENa Figure 16 Negative reactance control 2 Figures 15 and 16 mimic Figures 13 and 14 except that in this cas
187. s should re open at a voltage shown in Table 5 for test 4 Decrease the system voltage to Vs the Raise volts contacts should be closed Open switch S1 Repeat this for test 5 and 6 i e other load shedding levels if set Restore all settings changed i e input masks and inter tap delay tINTER setting Load Shedding Setting Measured Vs TEST LO L1 L2 1 3 0 0 97 of Vs 2 0 6 0 94 of Vs 3 0 0 9 91 of Vs 4 3 0 0 103 of Vs 5 0 6 0 106 of Vs 6 0 0 9 109 of Vs Table 5 9 6 3 Integrated timer 9 6 3 1 Initial time delay The relay should be commissioned with the settings calculated for the application 9 6 3 2 Definite time delay The time delay to the first tap change initiation initial delay commences when the voltage goes outside the deadband When the voltage is within the deadband the timer will reset at the same rate as it operates To test the initial delay timer it is necessary to reset the timer This is accomplished by swinging the voltage through the deadband from the side opposite to that which it will go to when timing is initiated Check that the initial time delay characteristic is set to Definite 0301 CONTROL Before making the following changes note the settings for initial time delay tINIT inter tap delay tINTER Set the initial time delay tINIT to 30 seconds the inter tap time delay tINTER to 0 seconds KVCG202 EN M E11 Technical Man
188. ses should not be left in situations where they are exposed to dust or damp This particularly applies to installations which are being carried out at the same time as construction work Storage If products are not to be installed immediately upon receipt they should be stored in a place free from dust and moisture in their original cartons Where de humidifier bags have been included in the packing they should be retained The action of the de humidifier crystals will be impaired if the bag has been exposed to ambient conditions and may be restored by gently heating the bag for about an hour prior to replacing it in the carton Dust which collects on a carton may on subsequent unpacking find its way into the product in damp conditions the carton and packing may become impregnated with moisture and the de humidifier will lose its efficiency Storage temperature 25 C to 70 C Technical Manual KVCG202 EN M E1 1 KVGC202 3 3 1 3 2 Page 17 RELAY DESCRIPTION Relay description The KVGC202 voltage regulating relay use numerical techniques to derive control functions Six multiplexed analogue inputs are used sampled eight times per power frequency cycle The Fourier derived power frequency component returns the rms value of the measured quantity To ensure optimum performance frequency tracking is used The channel that is tracked is chosen in order from Vbc low accuracy external TPI supply and IL Eight output r
189. sing the F key to obtain the confirmation display Are You Sure YES NO 1 Press the 0 key if you decide not to enter the new password 2 Press the key if you want to modify the your entry 3 Press the to enter the new password which will then replace the old one KVCG202 EN M E1 1 Technical Manual Page 32 3 4 8 3 4 9 3 4 10 3 4 11 3 4 12 KVGC202 Note Make sure the new password has been written down before it is entered and that the password being entered agrees with the written copy before accepting it If the new password is not entered correctly you may be denied access in the future If the password is lost a unique back up password for that relay can be provided from the factory or certain agents if the serial number of the product is quoted Restoration of password protection Password protection is reinstated when the alarm LED stops flashing this will occur fifteen minutes after the last key press To restore the password protection without waiting for the fifteen minute time out select the password cell and hold the reset key 0 depressed for one second The alarm LED will cease to flash to indicate the password protection is restored Password protection is also restored when the default display is selected see Chapter 3 3 1 Entering text Enter the setting mode as described in Chapter 3 4 2 and move the cursor with the F key to where the text is to be entered or changed T
190. ssword protected to prevent them being changed accidentally Together these settings select the functions that are to be made available and how they are to be interconnected Before the advent of integrated numerical relays protection and control schemes comprised individual relays that had to be interconnected and a diagram was produced to show these interconnections The configuration of a numerical relay is the software equivalent of these interconnections With the software approach installations can be completed in much shorter times especially for repeat schemes saving valuable time and cost A second advantage is the ability to make some changes without having to disturb the external wiring Before the connection diagrams can be drawn for an installation it will be necessary to decide how the logic within the relay is to function A copy of the logic diagram can be found at the back of this manual It should be copied and the appropriate squares in the input and relays masks can be shaded in to show which logic inputs and output relays are to be assigned in each mask The function links should then be drawn on the diagram in position 0 or 1 as required These software links may turn functions on or off and when in the off state unnecessary settings will not appear in the menu On completion of the configuration diagrams the function link settings can then be read off the logic diagram and entered as a series of ones and zeroes in th
191. status of each of the 8 logic inputs No control actions are possible on this cell other than to read it Output relay status word The status of the output relays can be observed by polling menu cell 0021 where the lowest 8 bits of the returned value indicates the status of each of the 8 output relays No control actions are possible on this cell other than to read it KVCG202 EN MEI Technical Manual Page 90 7 4 8 7 4 9 7 4 10 7 5 KVGC202 Alarm indications The status of the internal alarms produced by the relays self test routine can be observed by polling menu cell 0022 where the lowest 7 bits of the returned value indicates the status of each of the alarms No control actions are possible on this cell except for bit 6 which can be set reset in order to test the watchdog relay Event records An event may be a change of state of a control input or an output relay it may be a setting that has been changed locally control function that has performed its intended function A total of 50 events may be stored in a buffer each with an associated time tag This time tag is the value of a timer counter that is incremented every 1 millisecond The event records can only be accessed via the serial communication port when the relay is connected to a suitable Master Station When the relay is not connected to a Master Station the event records can still be extracted within certain limitations The event records can only be re
192. t circuits including contact circuits 1 0kV rms for 1 minute across open contacts of the watchdog relay ANSI IEEE C37 90 1989 1 5kV rms for 1 minute across open contacts of output relays 0 to 7 High voltage impulse IEC 60255 5 1977 5kV peak 1 2 50us 0 5J between all terminals and all terminals of the same circuit except output contacts DKV peak 1 2 50ys 0 5J between all independent circuits and all terminals connected together except terminal 1 and case earth 5kV peak 1 2 50ys 0 5J across terminals of the same circuit except output contacts Insulation resistance IEC 60255 5 1977 2100MO when measured at 500Vdc Electrical environment DC supply interruptions IEC 60255 11 1979 The relay shall withstand a 10ms interrupt without de energising AC ripple on dc supply IEC 60255 11 1979 The relay shall withstand 12 ac ripple High frequency disturbance IEC 60255 22 1 1988 Class Ill 2 5kV peak between independent circuits and case 1 0kV peak across terminals of the same circuit Fast transient IEC 60255 22 4 1992 Class IV 4kV 2 5kHz applied to all inputs and outputs EMC compliance 89 336 EEC Compliance with the European Commission Directive on EMC is claimed via the Technical Construction File route EN5008 1 2 1994 Generic Standards used to estsablish conformity EN50082 2 1995 Electrostatic discharge test IEC 60255 22 2 1996 Class 3 8kV discharge in air with cover in place Class 2 4kV
193. t limits of a desired value 4 4 2 Basic requirements The fundamental objective of a VRR is to control a voltage regulating transformer such that the system voltage is maintained within set limits of dVs about a reference voltage setting Vs Voltage dVs Vs P1469ENa Time Figure 4 Basic Regulating Requirements These limits define a deadband of dVs of Vs which are dependent on the tap step increment of the regulating transformer Typically dVs 1 for an average tap step increment of 1 43 on the transformer to prevent hunting KVCG202 EN M E1 1 Technical Manual Page 42 4 4 3 4 4 3 1 4 4 3 2 KVGC202 The VRR compares the monitored system voltage with the reference voltage setting Vs and provides raise and lower signals to the tap changer to control the system voltage to be within the set deadband limits of dVs Operating time delay In a basic voltage regulating control relay it is necessary to incorporate a time delay to prevent tap changes due to momentary voltage fluctuations A short time delay provides better regulation but results in excessive operation of the tap changer mechanism leading to increased maintenance and hence operating costs The relay incorporates an initial time delay before the initiation of a tap change sequence On expiration of the time delay the appropriate Raise Volts or Lower Volts output relay operates to control the tap changer The initial time delay
194. t winding of relay 1A or 5A 0505 Vs SET Set value of remote regulated voltage 0506 DV SET Dead band dV 0507 SET Circulating current compensation Vc volt In Technical KVGC202 3 3 11 Manual KVCG202 EN M E11 Page 27 Cell Text Status Description 0508 Vr volts In SET Resistive LDC compensation 0509 Vx volts In SET Reactive LDC compensation reverse 050A pf Angle SET Low power factor LDC compensation 90 050B tINIT DT SET Initial definite time delay 050C tINTER SET Inter tap delay 050D tPULSE SET Tap pulse duration 050E Level 1 SET Load shedding boosting level 1 050F Level 2 SET Load shedding boosting level 2 0510 Level 3 SET Load shedding boosting level 3 0511 tTapChange SET Time between tap position indications Logic 2 Cell Text Status Description 0600 LOGIC 2 READ Column heading 0601 LOG Links PWP Software links that are used to select the available optional group 2 blocking functions 1 TpFail 1 block outside dead band for maximum time 2 Ic gt blk 1 block for excessive circulating current 3 IL gt blk 1 block for excessive load current 4 Total opsBIk 1 block for excessive number of operations 5 Freq opsBIk 1 block for frequent operation 6 Irev BLK 1 block operation for reverse current flow 7 Runaway blk 1 block for tap change runaway 8 IL lt BLK 1
195. table software to run on an IBM or compatible personal computer RS232 interconnection lead for connecting the KITZ to a personal computer PC and software as described in Chapter 7 3 Software support Courier Access The Courier Access program is supplied with each KITZ and it allows on line access to any relay or other slave device on the system It polls all available addresses on the bus to build a list of the active relays Each relay can be programmed with a product description 16 characters and a plant reference 16 characters A particular relay may then be chosen and accessed to display a table listing the menu column headings Selecting a heading from the list and pressing the return key of the computer returns the full page of data that has been selected Selecting a setting from the displayed page and pressing the return key again will bring up the setting change box displaying the current setting value and the maximum and minimum limits of setting that have been extracted from the relay A new setting may be typed in and entered The new value will be sent to the relay and the relay will send back a copy of the data it received If the returned value matches what was sent it is judged to have been received correctly and the display asks for confirmation that the new setting is to be entered When the execution command is issued the relay checks the setting is within limits stores it then replies to state s if the new value has
196. tage regulating relay based on the K Range series 2 relays The KVGC202 has retained the existing functionality of the MVGC relay and additional functionalities and features have been added to the relay to allow greater flexibility The KVGC202 relay controls a tap changer to regulate the system voltage within the finite limits set on the KVGC202 to provide a stable voltage to electrically powered equipment connected to the power system As with the K Range range of protection relays the KVGC202 voltage regulating relay brings numerical technology to the successful MIDOS range of protection relays Fully compatible with the existing designs and sharing the same modular housing concept the relay offers more comprehensive control for demanding applications The KVGC202 relay includes an extensive range of control and data gathering functions to provide a completely integrated system of control instrumentation data logging and event recording The relays have a user friendly 32 character liquid crystal display LCD with 4 push buttons which allow menu navigation and setting changes Also by utilising the simple 2 wire communication link all of the relay functions can be read reset and changed on demand from a local or remote personal computer PC loaded with the relevant software Integral features in the KVGC relays include inverse or definite time operating characteristic line drop compensation undervoltage and overvoltage detectors bloc
197. th Raise and Lower operations The Ic output relay allocated in the Relay Mask will pick up the excessive circulating current condition to give the alarm indication If the logic link LOG2 is set to 1 the alarm condition will also cause blocking of the tap change control operation Reverse current detection I rev If the load current IL is in reverse direction the Irev output relay allocated in the Relay Mask will pick up the reverse current condition to give the alarm indication If the logic link LOG6 is set to 1 the operation of the tap changer will be blocked for a reverse current If the logic link LOG8 is set to 1 then group 2 settings will be selected for a reverse current This feature can be used where embedded generation causes reversal of power flow through the transformer see section 4 7 4 3 for more details If embedded generation is installed close to the load centre then this could cause reduction or possibly reversal of real power flow through upstream transformers Tap position indication The relay provides an indication of the actual tap position 1 to 40 or 1 to 30 depending on whether the VT voltage or an external ac voltage supply is used for tap position indication TPI If the system data link SD9 is set to 1 the TPI is configured to use the external voltage VT The advantage of using the external voltage is that the tap position will be indicated even i
198. the positive terminal of the external battery Also the two separate groups of logic inputs could be energised from separate batteries KVCG202 Page 36 EN M E11 Technical Manual KVGC202 Common line P1467ENa Figure 3 3 5 3 3 5 4 3 5 5 Example connection of logic inputs Analogue inputs The relay has six analogue inputs two on the microprocessor board and four on the auxiliary expansion board Each is fed via an input transducer a low pass filter and a three range scaling amplifier The analogue signals are sampled eight times per cycle on each channel as the sampling rate tracks the frequency of the input signal The wide setting range provided on the relay enables the relay to operate from either 1A or 5A current transformers The following analogue channels are utilised Channel Function Relay Terminals ANO Load Current Input 27 and 28 AN1 Tap Position Indication 19 and 20 AN2 System Voltage Input Low Accuracy 17 and 18 AN3 External TPI supply 15 and 16 AN4 Circulating Current Input 23 amp 24 for 1A or 25 amp 26 for 5A AN6 System Voltage Input High Accuracy 17 and 18 Output relays Eight programmable output relays are provided on relays They can be arranged to operate in response to any or all of the available functions by suitably setting the OUTPUT MASKS The control functions to which these relays respond are selectable via the menu system of the r
199. the values in the 0200 MEASURE menu KVCG202 EN MEI Technical Manual Page 106 9 5 2 9 6 9 6 1 9 6 2 KVGC202 Voltage measurement To test the relay voltage measurement functions apply a known level of voltage across the system voltage input and monitor the values in the 0200 MEASURE menu Control functions Reference should be made to Appendix 3 for the application diagram used for the following tests The relay should be commissioned with the settings calculated for the application Regulated Voltage setting Vs and Dead Band dVs The relay should be commissioned with the settings calculated for the application This test checks the function of the transformer tap change control The relay continuously monitors the system voltage and compares it with the reference voltage Vs If the regulated voltage moves outside the deadband limits the relay actuates the tap changer mechanism to Raise or Lower the voltage to bring it back within the set deadband limits after the initial set time has elapsed Before making the following changes note the settings for Initial time delay tINIT inter tap delay tINTER setting and Initial time characteristic Set the initial time delay tINIT and the inter tap delay tINTER to 0 seconds for continuous tap change Set the definite inverse time characteristic to definite time Monitor Raise volts Lower volts and Blocked relay contacts Energ
200. time delayed output contact allocated in the Relay Mask V gt indicates the operation of the element A common time delay t V V is used for the V undervoltage and V overvoltage elements Overcurrent detection lz If the total load current IL through a transformer exceeds the threshold setting an alarm is initiated visibly and remotely if the IL output relay is allocated in relay output mask If logic Link LOG3 is set to 1 then an internal relay will operate blocking both Raise and Lower operations thus preventing tap changer operation for fault or overload currents through the transformer This reinforces the undervoltage blocking previously described Undercurrent detection l If the total load current IL through a transformer drops below the threshold setting an alarm is initiated visibly and remotely if the IL lt output relay is allocated in relay output mask If logic Link LOG8 is set to 1 then an internal software relay will operate blocking both Raise and Lower operations thus preventing tap changer operation Circulating current detection IC The circulating current detector IC gt limits the tap difference between parallel transformers The Ic threshold can be set such that it operates when a certain tap disparity level is reached In the event of excessive circulating current over a certain period tlC the Ic detector may be used to internally block the relay for bo
201. times Angle measurement 8 10 2 Frequency With frequency tracking Operative range Current setting Voltage settings Operating times Angle measurement Without frequency tracking Reference range Operating times 8 10 3 Angle measurement lt 2 Auxiliary supply Current settings Voltage settings Operation times Angle measurement Technical Manual KVGC202 10 0 180 accuracy 3 less than 3 typically lt 1 2 Vn typical 0 3 Vn over the range 70 160V typical 2 In typical 5 In typical 10 In at lt 100mA 5 1 typical 25 to 55 C 1 0 03 per C 1 lt 2 46 to 65Hz 1 1 1 lt 1 47Hz to 51Hz or 57Hz to 61Hz 2 Nominal Operative range 24 125V 19 to 150V dc 50 to 133V ac 48 250V 33 to 300V dc 87 to 265V ac 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 Technical Manual KVGC202 8 11 Opto isolated inputs Capture time Release time Minimum operating voltage Maximum operating voltage Input resistance Maximum series lead resistance Maximum ac induced loop voltage Maximum capacitance coupled ac voltage 8 12 Output relays Output relays 0 to 7 Type Rating Make Carry Break Watchdog Type Rating Make Carry Break Durability 8 13 Operation indicator 3 Light Emitting Diodes internally powered KVCG202 EN MEI Page 97 12 5 2 5ms at 50Hz 10 4 2 1ms at 60Hz 12 5 2 5ms at 50Hz 10 4 x2 1ms at 60Hz 235
202. tion With the relay removed from its case ensure that the shorting switches between terminals listed below are closed by checking with a continuity tester Terminals 21 and 22 23 and 24 25 and 26 27 and 28 Earthing Ensure that the case earthing connection above the rear terminal block is used to connect the relay to a local earth bar and where there is more than one relay the copper earth bar is in place connecting the earth terminals of each case in the same tier together Main current transformers DO NOT OPEN CIRCUIT THE SECONDARY CIRCUIT OF A LIVE CT SINCE THE HIGH VOLTAGE PRODUCED MAY BE LETHAL TO PERSONNEL AND COULD DAMAGE INSULATION Remote testing The relay can be communicated with from a remote point via its serial port then some testing can be carried out without actually visiting the site Alarms The alarm status led should first be checked to identify if any alarm conditions exist The alarm records can then be read to identify the nature of any alarm that may exist Measurement accuracy The values measured by the relay can be compared with known system values to check that they are in the approximate range that is expected If they are then the analogue digital conversion and calculations are being performed correctly Local testing When testing locally similar tests may be carried out to check for correct functioning of the relay Alarms The alarm status led should first be checked to identify i
203. tion refer to equipment documentation Caution risk of electric shock Protective Conductor Earth terminal Functional Protective Conductor Earth terminal Note This symbol may also be used for a Protective Conductor Earth Terminal if that terminal is part of a terminal block or sub assembly e g power supply 3 2 Labels NOTE THE TERM EARTH USED THROUGHOUT THIS TECHNICAL MANUAL IS THE DIRECT EQUIVALENT OF THE NORTH AMERICAN TERM GROUND See Safety Guide SFTY 4L M for typical equipment labeling information 4 INSTALLING COMMISSIONING AND SERVICING A Equipment connections Personnel undertaking installation commissioning or servicing work for this equipment should be aware of the correct working procedures to ensure safety The equipment documentation should be consulted before installing commissioning or servicing the equipment Terminals exposed during installation commissioning and maintenance may present a hazardous voltage unless the equipment is electrically isolated The clamping screws of all terminal block connectors for field wiring using M4 screws shall be tightened to a nominal torque of 1 3 Nm Equipment intended for rack or panel mounting is for use on a flat surface of a Type 1 enclosure as defined by Underwriters Laboratories UL Any disassembly of the equipment may expose parts at hazardous voltage also electronic parts may be damaged if suitable electrostatic voltage dischar
204. ts 5 3 6 Preferred use of output relays 6 MEASUREMENT RECORDS AND ALARMS 6 1 Measurement 6 1 1 Currents 6 1 2 Voltages 6 1 3 Frequency 6 1 4 Power factor 6 1 5 Tap position 6 1 6 Tap changer operations counter 6 1 7 Frequent operations monitor Technical Manual KVGC202 72 72 72 73 73 73 74 74 74 74 74 74 74 74 74 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 76 76 76 76 77 77 77 79 79 79 79 79 79 80 80 80 Technical Manual KVGC202 6 1 8 6 2 6 2 1 6 2 2 6 2 3 6 2 4 6 3 6 3 1 6 3 2 6 3 3 6 4 6 4 1 6 4 2 6 4 3 6 4 4 6 4 5 6 4 6 6 4 7 6 4 8 6 4 9 6 4 10 6 4 11 6 4 12 6 4 13 6 4 14 7 1 7 2 7 2 1 7 2 2 7 2 3 7 3 7 3 1 7 3 2 7 3 3 7 3 4 7 3 5 7 4 Time remaining to next tap Event records Triggering event records Time tagging of event records Accessing and resetting event records Recorded times Alarm records Watchdog Alarm indication Blocked indication Functional alarms Raise lower volts indication Blocked indication Undervoltage blocking V Undervoltage detection V Overvoltage detection V gt Circulating current detection Ic Overcurrent detection IL Undercurrent detection IL Reverse current blocking Irev Run Away Tap position indication Tap change operations counter Frequent operations monitor Tap changer failure mechanism CONTROL FUNCTIONS AND SERIAL COMMUNICATIONS Courier language protocol
205. ts Traditionally the LDC circuits of similar parallel transformers have been connected in parallel Each relay then measures a current which is proportional to the load current of the power transformer irrespective of the number of parallel transformers in the scheme see Figure 24 Therefore when the number of transformers supplying the load changes the LDC settings on the relay will not need to be adjusted Traditionally when paralleling LDC inputs it was assumed that the load currents would split equally between paralleled LDC circuits as the LDC impedance of the electromechanical VRR s was large compared to the interconnecting lead resistances The KVGC202 has a LDC burden of 0 007 ohms This is insufficient to ensure that interconnecting lead resistances are negligible Therefore when the LDC circuits are paralleled it is necessary to pad out the burden of the LDC circuits by use of an external swamping resistor If both power transformers are the same they will share the total load current 2 IL Therefore with the swamping resistors in the LDC circuit each LDC input to the relay will see the average of the 2 load currents from each transformer IL IL 2 IL If one transformer is out of service then the LDC circuits now sees 2IL 0 2 IL Therefore when the number of transformers supplying the load changes the LDC settings on the relay will not need to be adjusted However the voltage drop in the feeders from the busbar is b
206. tting Vs circulating compensation voltage setting Vc resistive line drop compensation setting Vr reactive line drop compensation setting Vx load current setting IL Set the SDI link to 0 dead band setting dVs to 196 intertap delay tINTER to 0 seconds System voltage input setting Vs to 100V circulating compensation voltage setting Vc to OV resistive line drop compensation setting Vr to 10V reactive line drop compensation setting Vx to 10V load angle ANGLE of 40 degrees load current setting IL to 1In Apply 1A load current to terminals 27 amp 28 Apply 103 28V adjust the phase angle until the current leads by 40 degrees Check the relay regulates within this applied voltage 1 Check that the TAP is initiated outside the regulated voltage by increasing the input voltage and by monitoring the CONTROL LED The CONTROL LED should illuminate for a period set by tPULSE when input voltage is increased to outside the regulated voltage Restore the following settings and system data links SDI link to 0 dead band setting dVs intertap delay tINTER System voltage input setting Vs circulating compensation voltage setting Vc resistive line drop compensation setting Vr reactive line drop compensation setting Vx load angle ANGLE KVCG202 EN M E11 Technical Manual Page 114 KVGC202 load current setting IL Technical Manual KV
207. ual Page 108 9 6 3 3 KVGC202 Set the timer to start from closing of switch S2 and stop on closing of the lower volts contact Lower volts Close switch S2 adjust the applied voltage to 110 of Vs Open switch S2 and reduce the voltage to 90 of Vs using a decade resistance box and reset the timer Close switch S2 and measure the initial time delay The Lower volts relay output contacts should close after the initial time has elapsed Measured time should lie between 29 85s and 30 15s ie NIT 0 5 or 15ms to 35ms whichever is greater Restore the following settings initial time delay tINIT inter tap delay tINTER Inverse time delay The time delay to the first tap change initiation initial delay commences when the voltage goes outside the deadband When the voltage is within the deadband the timer will reset at the same rate it operates To test the initial delay timer it is necessary to reset the timer This is accomplished by swinging the voltage through the deadband from the side opposite to that which it will go to when timing is initiated For this test the initial time delay is dependant on several factors how far away the voltage deviates beyond the dead band edges dead band setting and initial time delay setting The general expression for inverse time curve t k initial time delay setting x 1 N where k 0 5 for initial time delay setting 20s 0 for initial time delay setting gt 20s
208. uld cause reduction or possibly reversal of real power flow through upstream transformers The situation with reactive power is less clear cut depending on its type and settings an embedded generator may consume generate or have zero reactive power Therefore overall transformers may experience very significant changes in power factor This is in contrast to systems without embedded generation where the power factor is usually fairly constant Changes in power factor should not cause any degradation of performance in master follower or circulating current schemes even if embedded generation is installed close to the load centre and causes reversal of real and or reactive power flow If embedded generation is installed on a separate line back to the substation then the current feedback used for LDC must be arranged not to include this line Technical Manual KVCG202 EN M E1 1 KVGC202 4 8 4 8 1 4 8 2 Page 63 With negative reactance compounding use of a large negative reactance component will give good performance in terms of keeping tapchangers in step but will increase the susceptibility of the tapchangers to tap erroneously This is due to increased errors in the regulated voltage caused by changes in the power factor Figure 18 shows the errors that can be caused at a non unity power factor Use of a smaller negative reactance component will slightly increase losses due to circulating currents but will greatly reduce susceptibilit
209. ump IEC 60255 21 2 1988 Seismic IEC 60255 21 3 1993 Mechanical durability Model numbers Frequency response KVCG202 EN M E11 Page 7 96 96 96 96 97 97 97 97 98 98 98 98 98 98 98 98 98 98 98 98 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 100 100 KVCG202 EN M E11 Page 8 9 9 1 9 1 1 9 1 2 9 1 3 9 1 4 9 1 5 9 1 6 9 1 7 9 1 8 9 2 9 2 1 9 3 9 3 1 9 3 1 1 9 3 1 2 9 4 9 4 1 9 5 9 5 1 9 5 2 9 6 9 6 1 9 6 2 9 6 3 9 6 3 1 9 6 3 2 9 6 3 3 9 6 3 4 9 6 4 9 6 4 1 9 6 4 2 9 6 4 3 9 6 4 4 9 6 4 5 9 6 5 9 7 COMMISSIONING PROBLEM SOLVING AND MAINTENANCE Commissioning preliminaries Quick guide to local menu control Terminal allocation Electrostatic discharge ESD Inspection Earthing Main current transformers Test block Insulation Commissioning test notes Equipment required Auxiliary supply tests Auxiliary supply Energisation from auxiliary voltage supply Field voltage Settings Selective logic functions to be tested Measurement checks Current measurement Voltage measurement Control functions Regulated Voltage setting VS and Dead Band dVs Load shedding boosting Integrated timer Initial time delay Definite time delay Inverse time delay Inter tap delay Line drop compensation Resistive load current compensation Vr Reactive load current compensation Vx Circulating current compensation Vc Negative
210. vel can be set between 0 and 10 and the selected values can be viewed under the SYSTEM DATA heading of the menu system KVCG202 EN MEI Technical Manual Page 74 5 1 9 5 1 10 5 1 11 5 1 12 5 1 13 5 1 14 5 1 15 5 1 16 5 1 17 KVGC202 Undervoltage detector V lt Independent control is provided to detect undervoltage condition set between 80 and 130 volts This function may be used to block operations that would lower the voltage further thus defining the minimum working limit of the transformer and allowing tap changes in such a direction as to restore the regulated voltage By using the output mask an output contact may be set to operate for an undervoltage condition Overvoltage detector V gt Independent control is provided to detect overvoltage condition set between 105 and 160 volts This function may be used to block operations that would raise the voltage further to prevent excessive voltage on busbars local to the transformers By using the output mask an output contact may be set to operate for an overvoltage condition Under over voltage detector alarm delay timer tV lt V gt Alarm initiation time delay can be set between 0 and 300 seconds An alarm is initiated if either the over or the under voltage detectors have operated Undervoltage blocking V lt lt The undervoltage blocking settings can be set between 60 and 130 volts Where the system voltage falls below the set value the under
211. voltage Vs circulating compensation voltage Vc resistive line drop compensation setting Vr reactive line drop compensation setting Vx load current setting IL Set the intertap delay tINTER to 0 seconds System voltage Vs setting to 100V circulating compensation voltage Vc setting to OV resistive line drop compensation setting Vr to required setting or 10V reactive line drop compensation setting Vx to OV load current setting IL to 1In Apply a current of 1 x In to the load current inputs terminals 27 amp 28 Apply the system voltage and adjust the phase angle until the current leads the voltage by 90 degrees A tap change should be initiated i e Raise or Lower volts Alter the system voltage Vbc until the relay stops tapping i e both Raise and Lower volt contacts are open Determine the regulated system voltage Vreg read 0202 MEASURE Check the value of Vr recorded as Vr Vph ph Vreg 0 5V or 5 whichever is higher The measured line voltage Vph ph can be read 0201 MEASURE Remove the load current from the relay Technical Manual KVCG202 EN M E1 1 KVGC202 9 6 4 2 Page 111 If Vreg is lower than Vs it is almost certain that there is an unintentional polarity reversal somewhere in the test circuit Restore the following settings intertap delay tINTER System voltage input setting Vs circulating compensation voltage setting Vc
212. voltage detector operates and instantaneously resets the initial time delay thus inhibiting the relay outputs to Raise or Lower tap change operations This feature provides an alternative method to overcome the voltage fluctuations Circulating current detector Ic gt The excessive circulating current detector settings can be set between 5 and 50 of In In the event of excessive circulating current over a time period tIC set between 0 and 180 seconds the detector can be used to internally block the relay for both raise and lower operations and set an alarm Note Separate external relay terminals are provided for 1A and 5A inputs Overcurrent detector IL gt The overcurrent detector setting can be set between 50 and 200 of In An alarm can be initiated if the load current exceeds this setting Note In for the currents can be set via CONTROL column of the menu system Undercurrent detector IL The undercurrent detector setting can be set between 0 and 100 of In An alarm can be initiated if the load current drops below this setting Note In for the currents can be set via CONTROL column of the menu system Total number of tap change TotalOps The total number of tap operations can be set between 1 and 10000 An alarm is initiated if the number of operations exceeds the set value Total taps available TpAvail The total number of taps available can be set between 1 and 40 if the VT is used for ta
213. voltage dropped VRR2 tapped first to raise the busbar voltage VRR1 which would have been just about to tap would see that the voltage was now back within limits and so reset itself without tapping The tap positions of the two transformers would now differ by one step The problem is that if the load increased further the process would be repeated VRR2 would always be the first to operate Also compounding the problem if the load decreased VRR1 could be the first to tap to lower the busbar voltage Thus as the load varied naturally throughout the day the two transformer tapchangers would diverge and the circulating currents would become excessive Voltage control would also be lost when the maximum range of the tapchangers was reached f line drop compensation were in use the situation would be worse still in that runaway would occur even without the load changing and therefore even more quickly see Effect of Circulating Current on LDC below Clearly the VRR s for paralleled transformers must be modified in some way in order to prevent runaway and so to limit circulating currents Three techniques are widely used 1 Master follower 2 Circulating current detection 3 Negative reactance compounding Effect of circulating current on LDC Consider two similar transformers connected in parallel as shown in Figure 11 The busbar voltage as seen by both VRR s is Vous The LDC settings are selected such that Vr IL R Val IL X
214. will necessarily be available on the bus to which the relay is connected The address can be manually set Address 0 is reserved for the automatic address allocation feature and 255 is reserved for global messages The factory set address is 255 000C SYS Plant Status READ Plant status is a 16 bit word which is used to transport plant status information over the communication network The various bit pairs are pre allocated to specific items of plant 000D SYS Control Status READ The control status act like software contacts to transfer data from the relay to the master station controlling communications 000E SYS Setting Group READ Where a relay has alternative groups of settings which can be selected then this cell indicates the current group being used by the relay For KVGC202 it is either Group 1 or Group 2 000F SYS LSB Stage READ Cell OOOF displays the level of load shedding boosting at all times The load shedding boosting can be initiated either by energising opto inputs or via K Bus The opto inputs will override the commands over the serial port The level of load shedding boosting are displayed in this cell Level 0 None All stages reset Level 1 Vred1 Level 1 setting selected Level 2 Vred2 Level 2 setting selected Level 3 Vred3 Level 3 setting selected When the auxiliary supply to the relay is interrupted the states of the load shedding boosting is remem
215. withdrawn from the equipment whilst it is energized since this may result in damage Insertion and withdrawal of extender cards Extender cards are available for some equipment If an extender card is used this should not be inserted or withdrawn from the equipment whilst it is energized This is to avoid possible shock or damage hazards Hazardous live voltages may be accessible on the extender card Safety Section 6 1 6 2 SS 7 External test blocks and test plugs Great care should be taken when using external test blocks and test plugs such as the MMLG MMLB and MiCOM P990 types hazardous voltages may be accessible when using these CT shorting links must be in place before the insertion or removal of MMLB test plugs to avoid potentially lethal voltages Note When a MiCOM P992 Test Plug is inserted into the MiCOM P991 Test Block the secondaries of the line CTs are automatically shorted making them safe Fiber optic communication Where fiber optic communication devices are fitted these should not be viewed directly Optical power meters should be used to determine the operation or signal level of the device Cleaning The equipment may be cleaned using a lint free cloth dampened with clean water when no connections are energized Contact fingers of test plugs are normally protected by petroleum jelly which should not be removed DE COMMISSIONING AND DISPOSAL A De commissioning The supply input auxi
216. xt volt 1 40 VT 1 Minimum tap position TP lt 1 30 Ext volt 1 40 VT 1 Total no of tap changes TotalOps gt 1 10000 1 Tap changer operations Ops tP gt 1 100 1 Time period tP 1 24 hrs 1 hr Excessive circulating tic 0 180 secs 10 secs current time delay Alarm initiation time delay tFAIL gt 0 15 mins 30 secs Power factor angle setting PF Angle 0 90 degrees 1 degree tV lt V gt tV lt V gt 0 300 secs 5 secs KVCG202 EN MEI Technical Manual Page 72 KVGC202 Setting Symbols KVGC adjustment range In steps of Tap change indication time t Tap change 1 3 secs 0 1 secs Setting voltage Vs The setting voltage can be selected between 90 and 139V in 0 1 volt steps The relay compares the system input voltage with this setting voltage and provides raise or lower signals to the tap changer to control the system voltage to be within the set deadband limits Deadband dVs The deadband limits are defined as dVs of Vs setting and are dependent on the tap step increment of the regulating transformer Typically dVs 1 for an average tap step increment of 1 4 on the transformer The deadband can be set between 0 5 to 20 of Vs Initial time delay setting tINIT The time delay to initiate a tap change sequence is set by the initial time delay setting between 0 and 300 seconds A software function link CTL link 2 determines setting of either definite or an inverse t
217. y 4 _ 29 30 _ Output Relay 0 31 32 Output Relay 5 _ 33 34 _ Output Relay 1 35 36 Output Relay 6 _ 37 38 _ Output Relay 2 39 40 Output Relay 7 _ 41 42 _ Output Relay 3 43 44 Opto Control Input L3 45 46 Opto Control Input L0 Opto Control Input L4 47 48 Opto Control Input L1 Opto Control Input L5 49 50 Opto Control Input L2 Opto Control Input L6 51 52 Common L0 L1 L2 Opto Control Input L7 53 54 _ K Bus Serial Port Common L3 L4 L5 L6 L7 55 56 K Bus Serial Port Key to connection tables and indicate the polarity of the dc output from these terminals and indicate the polarity for the applied dc supply In Out the signal direction for forward operation Note All relays have standard Midos terminal blocks to which connections can be made with either 4mm screws or 4 8mm pre insulated snap on connectors Two connections can be made to each terminal Technical Manual KVCG202 EN M E1 1 KVGC202 3 5 1 3 5 2 Page 35 Auxiliary supply The auxiliary voltage may be dc or ac provided it is within the limiting voltages for the particular relay The voltage range will be found on the front plate of the relay it is marked Vx 24V 125V or 48V 250V An ideal supply to use for testing the relays will be 50V dc or 110V ac because these values fall within both of the auxiliary voltage ranges The supply should be connected to terminals 13 and 14 only To avoid any confusion it
218. y should be commissioned with the settings calculated for the application This test will check if both the Raise and Lower operations of the relay are blocked by the operation of the internal relay when the load current IL exceeds the threshold setting if logic link LOG3 is set to 1 Before making the following changes note the settings for logic link LOG3 initial time delay setting tINIT intertrip delay tINTER load current IL Set the logic link LOG3 to 0 initial time delay setting tINIT to 0 seconds intertap delay tINTER to 0 seconds load current IL to 0 5In Set the relay mask to operate IL gt and Blocked relay output contacts Both contacts should be open Connect a current source to load current input terminals 27 amp 28 Apply voltage equivalent to the system voltage setting Vs to system voltage input terminals 17 amp 18 Slowly increase the load current from zero and measure the current at which the IL gt relay contact closes The text on the LCD display should indicate excessive load current detected Check the measured current is in the range 0 475In to 0 525In i e IL 5 Reduce the load current to zero Set logic link LOGS to 1 to prevent tap change operation Slowly increase the load current from zero until the IL gt contact closes The CONTROL LED should now be lit permanently The Blocked relay contact should b
219. y to erroneously tapchange due to changes in power factor and will thus allow greater penetration of embedded generation To understand the difference in the required magnitude of negative reactance consider the case where the tapchangers are just one step apart The regulated voltage will be increased in one VRR and decreased in the other by an amount proportional to the negative reactance setting If this amount exceeds half the deadband then one or other of the VRRs will immediately call for a tapchange and bring the tapchangers exactly into line If on the other hand the amount is less than half the deadband it is possible that neither VRR will call for a tapchange However as the load varies throughout the day the next tapchange that does occur will bring the tapchangers exactly into line Thus to achieve rapid and complete convergence the minimum negative reactance is determined by the size of the deadband which itself must exceed the step size of the transformer If on the other hand the relaxed convergence is accepted the minimum negative reactance is determined by the component tolerances As explained earlier the tendency for runaway is due to these component tolerances and so to prevent runaway the action of the negative reactance must exceed this tendency The KVGC has a reverse current element which can be used to block tap changing or change setting groups where there is reverse power flow caused by embedded generation Supervisi
220. you decide not to make any change 2 Press the key if you want to further modify the data before entry 3 Press the to accept the change This will terminate the setting mode Technical Manual KVCG202 EN M E1 1 KVGC202 Page 31 3 4 5 3 4 6 3 4 7 Password protection Password protection is provided for the configuration settings of the relay This includes CT and VT ratios function links input masks and relay masks Any accidental change to configuration could seriously affect the ability of the relay to perform its intended functions whereas a setting error may only cause a grading problem Individual settings are protected from change when the relay cover is in place by preventing direct access to the and keys The passwords are four characters that may contain any upper case letter from the alphabet The password is initially set in the factory to AAAA but it can be changed by the user to another combination if necessary If the password is lost or forgotten access to the relay will be denied However if the manufacturer or their agent is supplied with the serial number of the relay a back up password can be supplied that is unique to that particular product Entering passwords Using the F key select the password cell 0002 in the SYSTEM DATA column of the menu The word Password is displayed and four stars Press the key and the cursor will appear under the left hand star Now use the
221. ys being connected Setting files can be generated in the office and taken to site on floppy disc for loading to the relays This program can be used to down load the settings to the relay alternatively ACCESS or PAS amp T may be used PC requirements To operate fully the above programs require IBM PC XT AT PS2 or true compatible 640 kBytes of main memory RAM KVCG202 EN MEI Technical Manual Page 88 7 3 5 7 4 7 4 1 KVGC202 Graphics adapter CGA EGA VGA or MDA Serial adapter port configured as COM1 or COM2 RS232 Floppy disc drive 3 5 inch MS DOS 3 2 or later IBM PC DOS 3 2 or later Parallel printer port for optional printer Additional equipment Printer RS 232 link KITZ 101 KITZ 102 KITZ 201 K Bus RS232 communication interface Modem Modem requirements ALSTOM Grid SAS have adopted the IEC 60870 5 ft1 2 frame format for transmitting the courier communication language over RS 232 based systems which includes transmission over modems The IEC 60870 5 ft1 2 specification calls for an 11 bit frame format consisting of 1 start bit 8 data bits 1 even parity bit and 1 stop bit However most modems cannot support this 11 bit frame format so a relaxed 10 bit frame format is supported by the Protection Access Software amp Toolkit and by the KITZ consisting of 1 start bit 8 data bits no parity and 1 stop bit Although Courier and IEC 870 both have inherent error detection the parity checkin

KVGC 202 Voltage Regulating Control Relays

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