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GDS PID Photoionization Gas Sensor User Manual

1. Chemical Name RF 1 2 3 trimethylbenzene 0 49 1 2 4 trimethylbenzene 0 43 1 2 dibromoethane 11 70 1 2 dichlorobenzene 0 50 1 2 dichloroethane 11 7 lamp 0 50 1 3 5 trimethylbenzene 0 34 1 4 dioxane 1 40 1 butanol 3 40 1 methoxy 2 propanol 1 40 1 propanol 5 70 2 butoxyethanol 1 30 2 methoxyethanol 2 50 2 pentanone 0 78 2 picoline 0 57 3 picoline 0 90 4 hydroxy 4 methyl 2 pentanone 0 55 acetaldehyde 10 80 acetic acid 11 00 acetone 1 20 acetophenone 0 59 acrolein 3 90 allyl alcohol 2 50 ammonia 9 40 amylacetate 3 50 arsine 2 60 benzene 0 53 bromoform 2 30 bromomethane 1 80 butadiene 0 69 butyl acetate 2 40 carbon disulfide 1 20 chlorobenzene 0 40 cumene isopropylbenzene 0 54 cyclohexane 1 50 cyclohexanone 0 82 decane 1 60 diethylamine 1 00 dimethoxymethane 11 30 dimethyl disulfide 0 30 diesel fuel 1 0 90 diesel fuel 2 0 75 epichlorhydrin 7 60 ethanol 10 00 ethyl acetate 4 20 ethyl acetoacetate 0 90 ethyl acrylate 2 30 ethyl ether diethyl ether 1 20 ethyl mercaptan 0 60 ethylbenzene 0 51 ethylene 10 10 ethylene glycol 15 70 ethylene oxide 19 50 gasoline 1 10 heptane 2 50 hydrazine 2 60 hydrogen sulfide 3 20 isoamyl acetate 1 80 isobutanol 4 70 isobutyl acetate 2 60 isobutylene 1 00 isooctane 1 30 isopentane 8 00 isophorone 0 74 isoprene 2 methyl 1 3 butadiene 0 60 isopr
2. 7 the other signal electrode 5 is attached to the amplifier 6 input The electric field created by these two electrodes forces both electrons and ions to drift towards their respective electrode by which they are being collected The resulting small current is being amplified by the amplifier chip and then the output analog signal is recorded and or displayed in digital or analog format The output signal is proportional to the concentration of ionizable molecules in DISPLAY detectors chamber and thus serves as a measure of RECORDER concentration Major air components N2 O2 CO2 are not ionized by typical lamp s radiation and therefore do not generate any detector s response For this reason PID is very useful for detection of a wide range of VOCs Volatile Organic Compounds in ambient air down to the low ppb concentrations without interference from air components Global Detection Systems Corp Page 8 tech gdscorp com GDS PID Manual Revision 1 0 July 2006 SECTION 4 OPERATION 4 1 Installation and Startup Warning The user shall be made aware that if the equipment is used in a manner not specified by the manufacturer the protection provided by the equipment may be impaired The first step in the installation process is to establish a mounting location for the GDS PID Select a location that is typical of the atmosphere to be monitored or close to the anticipated source of a target gas It is v
3. VOC 0 20ppm 5 Head 10 906XR PID Sensor Refurbishment ener ree 10 0247 Remote Stainless Steel Sensor Head w Cover 10 0198 Sensor splash guard 10 0205 Sensor flow cell for process monitoring 10 0187 Sensor replacement tool rip Bere 1000 0078 Large black magnet for GASMAX II a Sensor Head Cover Global Detection Systems Corp Page 15 tech gdscorp com Appendix 1 lonization Potentials Chemical Name IP eV A 2 Amino pyridine 8 Acetaldehyde 10 21 Acetamide 9 77 Acetic acid 10 69 Acetic anhydride 10 Acetone 9 69 Acetonitrile 12 2 Acetophenone 9 27 Acetyl bromide 10 55 Acetyl chloride 11 02 Acetylene 11 41 Acrolein 10 1 Acrylamide 9 5 Acrylonitrile 10 91 Allyl alcohol 9 67 Allyl chloride 9 9 Ammonia 10 2 Aniline 7 7 Anisidine 7 44 Anisole 8 22 Arsine 9 89 B 1 3 Butadiene butadiene 9 07 1 Bromo 2 chloroethane 10 63 1 Bromo 2 methylpropane 10 09 1 Bromo 4 fluorobenzene 8 99 1 Bromobutane 10 13 1 Bromopentane 10 1 1 Bromopropane 10 18 1 Bromopropene 9 3 1 Butanethiol 9 14 1 Butene 9 58 1 Butyne 10 18 2 3 Butadione 9 23 2 Bromo 2 methylpropane 9 89 2 Bromobutane 9 98 2 Bromopropane 10 08 2 Bromothiophene 8 63 2 Butanone MEK 9 54 3 Bromopr
4. ether 9 2 Isovaleraldehyde 9 71 m lodotoluene 8 61 o lodotoluene 8 62 p lodotoluene 8 5 K Ketene 9 61 L 2 3 Lutidine 8 85 2 4 Lutidine 8 85 2 6 Lutidine 8 85 M 2 Methyl furan 8 39 2 Methyl naphthalene 7 96 1 Methyl naphthalene 7 96 2 Methy propene 9 23 2 Methyl 1 butene 9 12 2 Methylpentane 10 12 3 Methyl 1 butene 9 51 3 Methyl 2 butene 8 67 3 Methylpentane 10 08 tech gdscorp com 4 Methylcyclohexene 8 91 Maleic anhydride 10 8 Mesityl oxide 9 08 Mesitylene 8 4 Methane 12 98 Methanethiol methyl mercaptan 9 44 Methyl acetate 10 27 Methyl acetylene 10 37 Methyl acrylate 9 9 Methyl alcohol 10 85 Methyl amine 8 97 Methyl bromide 10 54 Methyl butyl ketone 9 34 Methyl butyrate 10 07 Methyl cellosolve 9 6 Methyl chloride 11 28 Methyl chloroform 1 1 1 11 trichloroethane Methyl disulfide 8 46 Methyl ethyl ketone 9 53 Methyl formate 10 82 Methyl iodide 9 54 Methyl isobutyl ketone 9 3 Methyl isobutyrate 9 98 Methyl isocyanate 10 67 Methyl isopropyl ketone 9 32 Methyl isothiocyanate 9 25 Methyl mercaptan 9 44 Methyl methacrylate 9 7 Methyl propionate 10 15 Methyl propyl ketone 9 39 a Methyl styrene 8 35 Methyl thiocyanate 10 07 Methylal dimethoxymethane 10 Methylcyclohexane 9 85 Methylene chloride 11 32 Methyl n amyl ketone 9 3 Monomethyl aniline 7
5. readout on the GASMAX II monitor for a specific compound NOTE This procedure does not make the GDS PID selective to the target compound RF Response Factor for specific compound CG PPM value of isobutylene calibration gas LOW RANGE SENSOR 1 Set the GASMAX II SPAN value 20 RF 2 Set the GASMAX II CAL SPAN value to CG RF 3 Make sure no VOCs are present in the ambient air surrounding the GASMAX II If unable to guarantee no VOCs present apply a steady flow of 0 5 L min of ZERO AIR Perform a ZERO CALIBRATION on the GASMAX II gas monitor Apply a steady flow of 0 5 L min of isobutylene calibration gas 8 16 ppm recommended Perform a SPAN CALIBRATION on the GASMAX II gas monitor The GASMAX II will now display the target gas concentration in PPM N QO os HIGH RANGE SENSOR 8 Set the GASMAX II SPAN value 2000 RF 9 Set the GASMAX II CAL SPAN value to CG RF 10 Make sure no VOCs are present in the ambient air surrounding the GASMAX II If unable to guarantee no VOCs present apply a steady flow of 0 5 L min of ZERO AIR 11 Perform a ZERO CALIBRATION on the GASMAX II gas monitor 12 Apply a steady flow of 0 5 L min of isobutylene calibration gas 800 1600 ppm recommended 13 Perform a SPAN CALIBRATION on the GASMAX II gas monitor 14 The GASMAX II will now display the target gas concentration in PPM Note Response factor values are approximate and are only given as a general guide to the response which may
6. 12 91 Chrysene 7 59 Cresol 8 14 Crotonaldehyde 9 73 Cumene isopropyl benzene 8 75 Cyanogen 13 8 Cyclohexane 9 8 Cyclohexanol 9 75 Cyclohexanone 9 14 Cyclohexene 8 95 Cyclo octatetraene 7 99 Cyclopentadiene 8 56 Cyclopentane 10 53 Cyclopentanone 9 26 Cyclopentene 9 01 Cyclopropane 10 06 m Chlorotoluene 8 83 o Chlorotoluene 8 83 p Chlorotoluene 8 7 D 1 1 Dibromoethane 10 19 1 1 Dichloroethane 11 12 1 1 Dimethoxyethane 9 65 1 1 Dimethylhydrazine 7 28 1 2 Dibromoethene 9 45 1 2 Dichloro 1 1 2 2 12 2 tetrafluoroethane Freon 114 1 2 Dichloroethane 11 12 1 2 Dichloropropane 10 87 1 3 Dibromopropane 10 07 1 3 Dichloropropane 10 85 2 2 Dimethyl butane 10 06 2 2 Dimethyl propane 10 35 2 3 Dichloropropene 9 82 2 3 Dimethyl butane 10 02 3 3 Dimethyl butanone 9 17 cis Dichloroethene 9 65 Decaborane 9 88 Diazomethane 9 Diborane 12 Dibromochloromethane 10 59 Dibromodifluoromethane 11 07 Dibromomethane 10 49 Dibutylamine 7 69 Global Detection Systems Corp Page 17 GDS PID Manual Revision 1 0 July 2006 Dichlorodifluoromethane Freon 12 12 31 Dichlorofluoromethane 12 39 Dichloromethane 11 35 Diethoxymethane 9 7 Diethyl amine 8 01 Diethyl ether 9 53 Diethyl ketone 9 32 Diethyl sulfide 8 43 Diethyl sulfite 9 68 Difluorodibromomethane 11 07 Dihydropyran 8 34 Diiodomethane 9 34 D
7. 32 Monomethyl hydrazine 7 67 Morpholine 8 2 n Methyl acetamide 8 9 N 1 Nitropropane 10 88 2 Nitropropane 10 71 Naphthalene 8 12 Nickel carbonyl 8 27 Nitric oxide NO 9 25 Nitrobenzene 9 92 Nitroethane 10 88 Nitrogen 15 58 Global Detection Systems Corp Page 19 GDS PID Manual Revision 1 0 July 2006 Nitrogen dioxide 9 78 Nitrogen trifluoride 12 97 Nitromethane 11 08 Nitrotoluene 9 45 p Nitrochloro benzene 9 96 O Octane 9 82 Oxygen 12 08 Ozone 12 08 P 1 Pentene 9 5 1 Propanethiol 9 2 2 4 Pentanedione 8 87 2 Pentanone 9 38 2 Picoline 9 02 3 Picoline 9 02 4 Picoline 9 04 n Propyl nitrate 11 07 Pentaborane 10 4 Pentane 10 35 Perchloroethylene 9 32 Pheneloic 8 18 Phenol 8 5 Phenyl ether diphenyl oxide 8 82 Phenyl hydrazine 7 64 Phenyl isocyanate 8 77 Phenyl isothiocyanate 8 52 Phenylene diamine 6 89 Phosgene 11 77 Phosphine 9 87 Phosphorus trichloride 9 91 Phthalic anhydride 10 Propane 11 07 Propargyl alcohol 10 51 Propiolactone 9 7 Propionaldehyde 9 98 Propionic acid 10 24 Propionitrile 11 84 Propyl acetate 10 04 Propyl alcohol 10 2 Propyl amine 8 78 Propyl benzene 8 72 Propyl ether 9 27 Propyl formate 10 54 Propylene 9 73 Propylene dichloride 10 87 Propylene imine 9 Propylene oxide 10 22 Propyne 10 36 tech gdscorp com GDS PID Manual Re
8. Operation amp Maintenance Manual GDS PID Photoionization Detector Gas Sensor For Detection of Organic amp Inorganic Gases Important Read and understand contents prior to first use Improper use or operation could result in instrument malfunction or serious injury 2006 Global Detection Systems Corp All Rights Reserved GDS PID Manual Revision 1 0 July 2006 This page intentionally left blank Global Detection Systems Corp Page 2 tech gdscorp com GDS PID Manual Revision 1 0 July 2006 Table of Contents SECTION 1 SAFETY INFORMATION 5 1 1 Safety Information Read Before Installation amp Applying Power 5 1 2 Contacting Global Detection Systems Corp 5 SECTION 2 PID SPECIFICATIONS 6 SECTION 2 GENERAL DESCRIPTION 7 3 1 GDS Photoionization PID Gas Detector for Organic amp Inorganic Gases 7 3 2 Features Installed in GDS 48 Remote Sensor Housing 7 3 3 Features Installed with GASMAX II Gas Monitor 7 3 4 Photoionization Detection Technology 8 SECTION 4 OPERATION 9 4 1 installation and Startup 9 4 2 Warm up 10 4 3 Normal Operation 10 SECTION 5 CALIBRATION 12 5 1 Calibration 12 5 2 Calibration with Known Target Gas 12 5 3 Response Factor 12 5 4 Calibration with Ilsobutylene 13 SECTION 6 SENSOR MAINTENANCE 15 6 1 GDS PID Maintenance 15 SECTION 7 PARTS LIST amp DRAWINGS 15 APPENDIX 1 IONIZATION POTENTIALS 16 APPENDIX 2 RESPONSE FACTORS 21 Global Detection Systems Corp Page 3 tech gd
9. UN PERSONNEL QUALIFIE ETUDIER LE MANUE D INSTRUCTIONS EN ENTIER AVANT D UTILISER D ENTRETENIR OU DE R PARER L QUIPEMENT 1 2 Contacting Global Detection Systems Corp To contact Global Detection Systems Corp please call 409 927 2980 FAX 409 927 4180 or visit us on the web at www gdscorp com For sales information send email to sales gdscorp com or for technical support email us at tech gdscorp com Our headquarters are located at 2513 Hwy 6 in Santa Fe Texas 77510 Global Detection Systems Corp Page 5 tech gdscorp com Model Available gases Detection Method Output analog Linear Range Response Time Operating Temperature Rating Operating Voltage Hazardous Environment Certification Warranty GDS PID Manual Revision 1 0 July 2006 SECTION 2 PID SPECIFICATIONS Global Detection Systems Corp PID Photoionization Detector for Organic amp Inorganic Compounds Volatile Organic Compounds and other gases with an lonization Potential IP of 10 6eV or less See Appendix A Diffusion Installed in GDS 48 Universal Sensor Head Bridge output similar to traditional catalytic bead sensor Installed in GASMAX II Gas Monitor 4 20 mA Source type max 600 Ohm load at 24 VDC supply voltage Low Range 0 20 ppm Isobutylene equivalent High Range 0 2000 ppm Isobutylene equivalent T90 lt 20 Seconds diffusion mode Remote installation using GDS 48 Universal Sensor 0 C to 50 C Loc
10. al installation with GASMAX II Gas Monitor Arctic Monitor option 40 C to 50 C Installed in GDS 48 Universal Sensor Head 3 3 to 5 0V DC measured at the detector head Installed in GASMAX II Gas Monitor 10 30 VDC measured at the detector head Installed in GDS 48 Universal Sensor Head CSA Certified Class 1 Division 1 Groups B C D Installed in GASMAX II Gas Monitor CSA Certified Class 1 Division 1 Groups B C D Electronics GASMAX II Two years from date of purchase Sensor PID One year from date of purchase Global Detection Systems Corp Page 6 tech gdscorp com GDS PID Manual Revision 1 0 July 2006 SECTION 2 GENERAL DESCRIPTION 3 1 GDS Photoionization PID Gas Detector for Organic amp Inorganic Gases The GDS PID photoionization gas detector is a permanently mounted microprocessor based smart sensor that continuously monitors for a wide range of organic and inorganic gases With an output similar to a traditional catalytic bead combustible gas sensor the GDS PID can be connected to a GDS Corp C1 Protector sixteen channel controller a GDS Corp C2 Protector two channel controller a single or dual channel GASMAX II Gas Monitor or other instrumentation device that supports a standard Whetstone bridge input that can provide 3 5 5VDC excitation voltage When used locally with the GASMAX II monitor a standard 4 20mA output an isolated 4 20mA output a MODBUS digital output and local alarm relay contacts ar
11. ance gas affects the sensor s response to the target gas mainly as a result of the difference in UV transparency for different balance gases In a less UV transparent environment ex O2 CH the GDS PID will have a lower response to a target gas than it would in a more UV transparent environment ex No H2 Therefore for best accuracy calibration should be done in an environment that is as close as possible to the actual operating conditions especially with respect to humidity and the presence of low levels of non VOC compounds Global Detection Systems Corp Page 11 tech gdscorp com GDS PID Manual Revision 1 0 July 2006 SECTION 5 CALIBRATION 5 1 Calibration It is important to understand that the GDS PID is a broadband detector capable of responding to a wide range of organic and inorganic substances and will respond to any individual gas or combination of gases with IP values less than the lamp UV energy level 10 6 eV In general if an actual sample of the expected target compound between 40 and 80 of the desired full scale value is available it is recommended that the GDS PID be calibrated using the target gas in place of Isobutylene This technique will ensure maximum accuracy After installation allow the GDS PID to stabilize for a period of 8 hours or more preferably overnight After stabilization calibrate the unit as described below During the first several weeks of operation periodically calibrate the unit t
12. be detected by a PID depends on the lamp energy and the energy required to remove an electron from the target compound molecule its ionization potential f the lamp energy is greater than the compounds ionization potential the PID will detect it Due to its sensitivity a PID is not recommended for high concentrations of target gases However a PID does not require oxygen to operate and so would be the detector of choice in conditions where O2 levels are unpredictable A PID can also react to a number of inorganic substances including Ammonia Carbon Disulfide Carbon Tetrachloride Chloroform Ethylamine Formaldehyde and Hydrogen Sulfide A typical PID block diagram is shown below Molecules of interest 1 are being exposed to high energy ultra violet radiation 2 generated by the gas discharge lamp 3 Some percentage of these molecules are ionized i e converted into positively charged ions and negatively charged electrons To be ionized the molecule M should have its lonization Potential IP smaller than the energy of UV lamp photons E As a rule the bigger the difference is between E and IP the bigger the detector s response Both E and IP are usually measured in electron volts eV For the lonization Potentials of various chemicals refer to Appendix 2 The pair of electrodes 4 5 is located in the ionization volume near the lamp window One of them polarizing electrode 4 is connected to the High Voltage DC source
13. be expected from other gases For accurate readings it is always better to calibrate the unit with the actual target gas whenever possible Global Detection Systems Corp Page 14 tech gdscorp com GDS PID Manual Revision 1 0 July 2006 SECTION 6 SENSOR MAINTENANCE 6 1 GDS PID Maintenance The GDS PID sensor is a highly reliable self contained photoionization detector that requires very little maintenance other than periodic calibration and lamp replacement There are no user serviceable parts Cleaning During the course of normal operation contaminants in the ambient air can cause a reduction in sensitivity due to a build up of film on the sensor s UV window Periodic calibration will compensate for this effect In the event that the sensor s sensitivity drops excessively the sensor should be returned to the factory for cleaning Lamp Replacement The sensor s life span is determined by the life of the UV lamp typically gt 5000 hours of continuous operation Over the lamp s lifetime the output will gradually decline but the effect will be insignificant until well after 5000 hours of operation Normal re calibration will compensate for this effect The lamp is replaceable Contact GDS Corp for more information regarding PID sensor refurbishment options SECTION 7 PARTS LIST amp DRAWINGS Part Number Description 10 9060 Photoionization Detector for VOC 0 2000ppm 10 9061 Photoionization Detector for
14. dently validated by GDS Corp Response factor values are approximate and are only given as a general guide to the response which may be expected from other gases For accurate readings it is always better to calibrate the unit with the actual target gas whenever possible Global Detection Systems Corp Page 22 GDS PID Manual Revision 1 0 tech gdscorp com July 2006
15. e available 3 2 Features Installed in GDS 48 Remote Sensor Housing e Output compatible with standard 3 wire catalytic bead bridge type circuit 3 5 5 VDC excitation e Complete PID sensor containing detector cell photoionization lamp lamp driver amplifier and filter e 10 6 eV lamp detects common VOCs while remaining insensitive to humidity O2 or CO2 changes e Replaceable lamp assembly e High range 0 2000 ppm and Low Range 0 20 ppm versions available e Can be installed Intrinsically Safe in hazardous areas requires IS barrier contact factory for details 3 3 Features Installed with GASMAX II Gas Monitor C1 Controller or C2 Controller e All above features plus the following e Smart Sensor records serial number born on date and other information GASMAX only e Graphic alphanumeric display in engineering units with alarm LEDs e Optional isolated 4 20mA output MODBUS digital serial output e Optional alarm relay contact closure 3 separate levels Fault e Magnetic interface allows setup without declassifying hazardous area e Second GASMAX channel supports simultaneous monitoring of toxic gas using electrochemical sensor Global Detection Systems Corp Page 7 tech gdscorp com GDS PID Manual Revision 1 0 July 2006 3 4 Photoionization Detection Technology The Photoionization Detector PID detects a wide variety of organic compounds and some inorganic gases in ambient air Whether or not a compound can
16. entilation systems do not operate continuously e The sensor should be accessible for maintenance e Excessive heat or vibration can cause premature failure of any electronic device and should be avoided if possible e Follow all national and local installation codes and practices Both the GDS 48 Universal Sensor housing and GASMAX II Gas Monitor provide a NPT threaded connector for installation with conduit or shielded cable Shielded cable is recommended Wiring should be installed in metal conduit with no other cabling in the same conduit Global Detection Systems Corp Page 9 tech gdscorp com GDS PID Manual Revision 1 0 July 2006 4 2 Warm up The GDS PID gas detector is a very sensitive device and if the sensor has been stored for a significant amount of time it may become contaminated with trace amounts of ambient detectable compounds This in turn may cause excessive drift of the background signal during warm up Therefore it is highly recommended to run the sensor for some period of time after prolonged storage especially if it going to be used for the low level applications An overnight burn in period should be sufficient in most cases During this time the detector will clean itself and the baseline signal will drop and stabilize If the sensor is used on a daily basis it should be allowed to stabilize for 10 20 minutes before use If high accuracy is not important for example in leak detection application or in the ca
17. ery important that the GDS PID be properly located to enable it to provide maximum protection The most effective number and placement of sensors vary depending on the conditions of the application When determining where to locate sensors the following factors should be considered e What are the characteristics of the gas that is to be detected Is it lighter or heavier than air If it is lighter than air the sensor should be placed above the potential gas leak Place the sensor close to the floor for gases that are heavier than air or for vapors resulting from flammable liquid spills Note that air currents can cause a gas that is heavier than air to rise In addition if the temperature of the gas is hotter than ambient air or mixed with gases that are lighter than air it could also rise e How rapidly will the gas diffuse into the ambient air Select a location for the sensor that is close to the anticipated source of a gas leak e Wind or ventilation characteristics of the immediate area must also be considered Movement of air may cause gas to accumulate more heavily in one area than in another The detector should be placed in the areas where the most concentrated accumulation of gas is anticipated For outdoor applications with strong wind conditions it may require the sensors to be mounted closer together and on the down wind side to the anticipated area of a gas leak Also take into consideration for indoor applications the fact that many v
18. h the sensor has lesser sensitivity it will have proportionally higher MDQ The high range sensor linear range is at least 0 to 2000 ppm of Isobutylene based on a maximum of 20 non linearity The calibration point in this case is 100 ppm However the sensor s signal continues to increase uniformly as concentration increases all the way to 5000 ppm As a result the sensor can be used beyond the normal linear range for certain applications including alarm triggering at high concentrations Global Detection Systems Corp Page 10 tech gdscorp com GDS PID Manual Revision 1 0 July 2006 4000 ppm for example In this case the sensor must be calibrated at this concentration with actual gas samples Another way to extend the linear range of the GDS PID is to use software linearization Since the sensor has reproducible characteristics from unit to unit an appropriate software algorithm can be applied for this purpose The GASMAX Il provides an easy way to enter a specific ten point piecewise approximation response curve The overall linearity of the sensor may vary slightly depending on the target compound As a rule if the GDS PID is very sensitive to a given compound the available linear range will be relatively narrow and vice versa Therefore if some application requires high accuracy the linearity characteristic of the sensor should be experimentally measured for this particular application s target compound A sample s bal
19. hane 11 77 Freon 112 1 1 2 2 tetrachloro 1 2 11 3 difluoroethane Freon 113 1 1 2 trichloro 1 2 2 11 78 trifluororethane Freon 114 1 2 dichloro 1 1 2 2 12 2 tetrafluoroethane Freon 12 dichlorodifluoromethane 12 31 Freon 13 chlorotrifluoromethane 12 91 Freon 22 chlorofluoromethane 12 45 Furan 8 89 Furfural 9 21 m Fluorotoluene 8 92 o Fluorophenol 8 66 o Fluorotoluene 8 92 p Fluorotoluene 8 79 H 1 Hexene 9 46 2 Heptanone 9 33 2 Hexanone 9 35 Heptane 10 08 Hexachloroethane 11 1 Hexane 10 18 Hydrazine 8 1 Hydrogen 15 43 Hydrogen bromide 11 62 Hydrogen chloride 12 74 Hydrogen cyanide 13 91 Hydrogen fluoride 15 77 Global Detection Systems Corp Page 18 GDS PID Manual Revision 1 0 July 2006 Hydrogen iodide 10 38 Hydrogen selenide 9 88 Hydrogen sulfide 10 46 Hydrogen telluride 9 14 Hydroquinone 7 95 l 1 lodo 2 methylpropane 9 18 1 lodobutane 9 21 1 lodopentane 9 19 1 lodopropane 9 26 2 lodobutane 9 09 2 lodopropane 9 17 lodine 9 28 lodobenzene 8 73 Isobutane Isobutylene 9 4 Isobutyl acetate 9 97 Isobutyl alcohol 10 12 Isobutyl amine 8 7 Isobutyl formate 10 46 Isobutyraldehyde 9 74 Isobutyric acid 10 02 Isopentane 10 32 Isophorone 9 07 Isoprene 8 85 Isopropyl acetate 9 99 Isopropyl alcohol 10 16 Isopropyl amine 8 72 Isopropyl benzene 8 69 Isopropyl
20. iisopropylamine 7 73 Dimethoxymethane methylal 10 Dimethyl amine 8 24 Dimethyl ether 10 Dimethyl sulfide 8 69 Dimethylaniline 7 13 Dimethylformamide 9 18 Dimethylphthalate 9 64 Dinitrobenzene 10 71 Dioxane 9 19 Dipheny 7 95 Dipropyl amine 7 84 Dipropyl sulfide 8 3 Durene 8 03 m Dichlorobenzene 9 12 N N Diethyl acetamide 8 6 N N Diethyl formamide 8 89 N N Dimethyl acetamide 8 81 N N Dimethy formamide 9 12 o Dichlorobenzene 9 06 p Dichlorobenzene 8 95 p Dioxane 9 13 trans Dichloroethene 9 66 E Epichlorohydrin 10 2 Ethane 11 65 Ethanethiol ethyl mercaptan 9 29 Ethanolamine 8 96 Ethene 10 52 Ethyl acetate 10 11 Ethyl alcohol 10 48 Ethyl amine 8 86 Ethyl benzene 8 76 Ethyl bromide 10 29 Ethyl chloride chloroethane 10 98 Ethyl disulfide 8 27 Ethylene 10 5 Ethyl ether 9 51 tech gdscorp com Ethyl formate 10 61 Ethyl iodide 9 33 Ethyl isothiocyanate 9 14 Ethyl mercaptan 9 29 Ethyl methyl sulfide 8 55 Ethyl nitrate 11 22 Ethyl propionate 10 Ethyl thiocyanate 9 89 Ethylene chlorohydrin 10 52 Ethylene diamine 8 6 Ethylene dibromide 10 37 Ethylene dichloride 11 05 Ethylene oxide 10 57 Ethylenelmine 9 2 Ethynylbenzene 8 82 F 2 Furaldehyde 9 21 Fluorine 15 7 Fluorobenzene 9 2 Formaldehyde 10 87 Formamide 10 25 Formic acid 11 05 Freon 11 trichlorofluoromet
21. o ensure there are no localized sources of contamination that may block the sensors window It is recommended that the period between calibrations be no longer than 30 days 5 2 Calibration with Known Target Gas If a known concentration sample of the desired target gas is available the GDS PID sensor can be calibrated like any typical sensor In the case of a GDS PID installed remotely using a GDS 48 the calibration procedure associated with the assigned controller should be used For example the C1 Protector sixteen channel controller provides an option for Local Calibration that allows the necessary zero and span adjustments to be performed See the C1 Protector Controller manual for further details If the GDS PID is connected to a GASMAX II gas monitor the standard built in GASMAX II calibration should be used See the GASMAX family manual for further details on sensor calibration procedures IMPORTANT Calibrating the GDS PID for a specific gas does not make it selective to that gas A PIDis a wideband detector and will always indicate the total concentration of ionizable VOCs present in the ambient air sample 5 3 Response Factor In many cases calibrating the detector with actual target gas is impractical due to toxicity cost or availability constraints In these situations the GDS PID sensor can be calibrated using Isobutylene in place of the target gas and a Response Factor can be applied to the output The Response Fac
22. opanol 5 60 isopropyl acetate 2 60 isopropyl ether 0 80 isopropylamine 0 90 Jet A fuel 0 40 JP 5 fuel 0 48 JP 8 fuel 0 48 mesityl oxide 0 47 methyl acetate 7 00 methyl acetoacetate 1 10 methyl acrylate 3 40 methyl benzoate 0 93 methyl ethyl ketone 0 90 methyl isobutyl ketone 1 10 methyl mercaptan 0 60 methyl methacrylate 1 50 methyl tert butyl ether 0 86 methylamine 1 20 methylbenzil alcohol 0 80 0 85 m xylene 0 53 naphtalene 0 37 n n dimethylacetamide 0 73 n n dimethylformamide 0 80 n hexane 4 50 nitric oxide 7 20 n nonane 1 60 nitrogen dioxide 11 7 lamp 10 00 n pentane 9 70 n propyl acetate 3 10 octane 2 20 o xylene 0 54 phenol 1 00 phosphine 2 80 pinene alpha 0 40 pinene beta 0 40 propionaldehyde propanal 14 80 propylene 1 30 propylene oxide 6 50 p xylene 0 50 pyridine 0 79 quinoline 0 72 styrene 0 40 tert butyl alcohol 3 40 tert butyl mercaptan 0 55 tert butylamine 0 71 tetrachloroethylene 0 56 tetrahydrofuran 1 60 thiophene 0 47 toluene 0 53 trans 1 2 Dichloroethene 0 45 trichloroethylene 0 50 trimethylamine 0 83 turpentine crude sulfite 1 00 turpentine pure gum 0 45 vinyl acetate 1 30 vinyl bromide 0 40 vinyl chloride 1 80 vinylcyclohexane VCH 0 54 vinylidene chloride 1 1 DCE 0 80 Note Data extracted from industry literature actual data has not been indepen
23. opene 9 7 3 Butene nitrile 10 39 Benzaldehyde 9 53 Benzene 9 25 Benzenethiol 8 33 Benzonitrile 9 71 Benzotrifluoride 9 68 Biphenyl 8 27 Boron oxide 13 5 Boron trifluoride 15 56 Bromine 10 54 Bromobenzene 8 98 Bromochloromethane 10 77 Bromoform 10 48 Butane 10 63 Butyl mercaptan 9 15 cis 2 Butene 9 13 m Bromotoluene 8 81 n Butyl acetate 10 01 n Butyl alcohol 10 04 n Butyl amine 8 71 n Butyl benzene 8 69 n Butyl formate 10 5 n Butyraldehyde 9 86 n Butyric acid 10 16 n Butyronitrile 11 67 o Bromotoluene 8 79 p Bromotoluene 8 67 p tert Butyltoluene 8 28 s Butyl amine 8 7 s Butyl benzene 8 68 sec Butyl acetate 9 91 t Butyl amine 8 64 t Butyl benzene 8 68 trans 2 Butene 9 13 c 1 Chloro 2 methylpropane 10 66 1 Chloro 3 fluorobenzene 9 21 1 Chlorobutane 10 67 1 Chloropropane 10 82 2 Chloro 2 methylpropane 10 61 2 Chlorobutane 10 65 2 Chloropropane 10 78 2 Chlorothiophene 8 68 3 Chloropropene 10 04 Camphor 8 76 Carbon dioxide 13 79 Carbon disulfide 10 07 Carbon monoxide 14 01 Carbon tetrachloride 11 47 Chlorine 11 48 Chlorine dioxide 10 36 Chlorine trifluoride 12 65 Chloroacetaldehyde 10 61 a Chloroacetophenone 9 44 Chlorobenzene 9 07 Chlorobromomethane 10 77 Chlorofluoromethane Freon 12 45 22 Chloroform 11 37 Chlorotrifluoromethane Freon 13
24. scorp com GDS PID Manual Revision 1 0 July 2006 This page intentionally left blank Global Detection Systems Corp Page 4 tech gdscorp com GDS PID Manual Revision 1 0 July 2006 SECTION 1 SAFETY INFORMATION 1 1 Safety Information Read Before Installation amp Applying Power IMPORTANT Users should have a detailed understanding of GDS PID operating and maintenance instructions Use the GDS PID only as specified in this manual or detection of gases and the resulting protection provided may be impaired Read the following WARNINGS prior to use WARNINGS e Do not paint the sensor assembly e Do not use the GDS PID if its enclosure is damaged or cracked or has missing components e Make sure the cover and field wiring are securely in place before operation e Periodically test for correct operation of the system s alarm events by exposing the monitor sensor system to a targeted gas concentration above the High Alarm set point e Do not expose the GDS PID to electrical shock or continuous severe mechanical shock e Protect the GDS PID from dripping liquids and high power sprays e Use only for applications described within this manual CAUTION FOR SAFETY REASONS THIS EQUIPMENT MUST BE OPERATED AND SERVICED BY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL ONLY READ AND UNDERSTAND INSTRUCTION MANUAL COMPLETELY BEFORE OPERATING OR SERVICING ATTENTION POUR DES RAISONS DE SECURITE CET EQUIPEMENT DOIT ETRE UTILISE ENTRETENU ET REPARE UNIQUEMENT PAR
25. se of measuring relatively high concentrations gt 100 ppm this stabilization procedure can be skipped 4 3 Normal Operation The operation of any gas sensor should be checked periodically to ensure proper operation When first installed the GDS PID should be challenged with a calibration gas Isobutylene recommended to make certain that the detector and any associated alarm systems are functional Periodically thereafter the GDS PID should be tested and or recalibrated as necessary Normally initial calibration tests should be done at least monthly and may be done on a more extended basis once some experience with the sensor and surrounding environment is obtained The GDS PID responds to a wide range of organic and inorganic molecules To determine if a particular gas generate a detector response consult Appendix A and compare the lonization Potential listed with the GDS PID lamp energy rating 10 6 eV For example the GDS PID will detect Ammonia IP 10 2 whereas it will not detect Acetylene IP 11 41 In general the lower the IP value the more sensitive the reading and the lower the Minimum Detectible Quantity MDQ Depending on the IP of the compound and some other properties the sensor s sensitivity varies significantly from one compound to another If for example the sensor generates double the response to some compound as to Isobutylene one should expect two times better MDQ and vice versa compounds to whic
26. tor is unique for each desired target gas see Appendix B for a list of GDS PID Response Factors Global Detection Systems Corp Page 12 tech gdscorp com GDS PID Manual Revision 1 0 July 2006 The Response Factor measures the ratio between the sensitivity to a standard gas isobutylene and that of a target compound For example if the GDS PID low range sensor has a typical sensitivity of 1mV ppm for Isobutylene and 2 mV ppm for Benzene that means that Benzene Response Factor is equal to 0 5 The Response Factor is calculated by dividing the actual concentration of a compound introduced into the sensor by the measured detector response Actual Concentration Response Factor _ Measured Response In general if the Response Factor is less than 1 0 the GDS PID is more sensitive to the target compound that it is to Isobutylene if greater than 1 0 the GDS PID is ess sensitive to the target compound than it is to Isobutylene 5 4 Calibration with isobutylene When the desired target gas is unavailable or excessively dangerous the GDS PID can be calibrated using isobutylene and the output value adjusted to determine the actual target gas concentration Manual Conversion One way to calculate the actual concentration of a target gas is to calibrate the GDSPID using Isobutylene apply the target gas and manually multiply the detector reading by the target gas Response Factor This technique is useful if more than one t
27. vision 1 0 July 2006 Pyridine 9 32 2 4 Xylidine 7 65 Pyrrole 8 2 m Xylene 8 56 Q o Xylene 8 56 Quinone 10 04 p Xylene 8 45 S Stibine 9 51 Styrene 8 47 Sulfur dioxide 12 3 Sulfur hexafluoride 15 33 Sulfur monochloride 9 66 Sulfuryl fluoride 13 T o Terphenyls 7 78 1 1 2 2 Tetrachloro 1 2 11 3 difluoroethane Freon 112 1 1 1 Trichloroethane 11 1 1 2 Trichloro 1 2 2 trifluoroethane 11 78 Freon 113 2 2 4 Trimethyl pentane 9 86 o Toluidine 7 44 Tetrachloroethane 11 62 Tetrachloroethene 9 32 Tetrachloromethane 11 47 Tetrahydrofuran 9 54 Tetrahydropyran 9 25 Thiolacetic acid 10 Thiophene 8 86 Toluene 8 82 Tribromoethene 9 27 Tribromofluoromethane 10 67 Tribromomethane 10 51 Trichloroethene 9 45 Trichloroethylene 9 47 Trichlorofluoromethane Freon 11 11 77 Trichloromethane 11 42 Triethylamine 7 5 Trifluoromonobromo methane 11 4 Trimethyl amine 7 82 Tripropyl amine 7 23 Vv o Vinyl toluene 8 2 Valeraldehyde 9 82 Valeric acid 10 12 Vinyl acetate 9 19 Vinyl bromide 9 8 Vinyl chloride 10 Vinyl methyl ether 8 93 Ww Water 1 2 59 xX Global Detection Systems Corp Page 20 tech gdscorp com Appendix 2 Response Factors
28. ype of gas may be present or if several different gases may be introduced into the detector and it is not practical to recalibrate for a specific gas For example if a sample of Ammonia RF 9 4 in air is applied to a GDS PID GASMAX II Low Range sensor calibrated for 0 20ppm Isobutylene monitor and the GASMAX II reads 10ppm the actual Ammonia concentration would be 94 ppm 10ppm Reading 9 4 Ammonia RF 94 ppm Ammonia Like any photoionization detector the GDS PID will respond to many different compounds simultaneously If a single gas is present a single Response Factor can be used to determine the final reading In the event that the gas present is a mixture of several compounds each having a different Response Factor the process to calculate the actual concentrations is more difficult In general Response Factors for various mixtures of gases are not available However if the composition of the mixture is known with some accuracy a corrected Response Factor can be obtained by adding weighted fractions of the different Response Factors of the mixture components For example if the mixture contains 60 Benzene and 40 Global Detection Systems Corp Page 13 tech gdscorp com GDS PID Manual Revision 1 0 July 2006 Toluene multiply the Benzene factor by 0 6 the Toluene factor by 0 4 and add the result to obtain the new factor Direct readout in PPM An alternative procedure to calibrate the GDS PID can provide a direct

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