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M68SDBUG SERIAL DEBUGGER USER`S MANUAL

1. SINCLUDE c project init asm NOTE IASM include files become modules during source level debugging via SDbug VERSEI For More information On This Product kag Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc IASM OPERATING PROCEDURE AA MOTOROLA 4 7 7 Macros A macro is a named block of text to be assembled in lieu of its name Although similar to an include file a macro is more flexible For example a macro can receive parameter values To define a macro enter the MACRO directive the name of the macro is the parameter value for this directive Code on subsequent lines to the MACROEND directive is the macro definition No directives may be within a macro nor does the macro definition need any parameter names Instead the definition includes the sequential indicators n for the nth parameter values of the macro call Your code may pass as many as nine parameter values to a macro Example 1 Shows a macro that divides the accumulator by 4 SMACRO divide_by_4 Starts macro definition asra Divides the accumulator by 2 asra Divides the accumulator by 2 again SMACROEND Ends macro definition Example 2 Shows a macro that creates a time delay SMACRO delay count ldaa 1 loop deca bne loop SMACROEND The name of the second macro is delay Note however that the MACRO directive line also contains the word count The assembler ignores any such extra words in the MACRO directive line so you may i
2. 2 Use the BM command to blank check the module Most modules must be blank before you can program them 3 If any module locations are not blank use the EB EW or EM command to erase them 4 Use the SS command to specify an S record 5 Use the PM command to program the module 6 Use the VM command to verify successful programming 7 Optionally use the SM command to see module contents 8 To program another module of the same MCU return to Step 1 above 9 To use the same target system to program another MCU disconnect power from your target system if appropriate then remove the current MCU from the target system Install a new MCU in the target system and restore power Select the RE command then return to Step 1 10 To use a different target system to program another MCU turn off or disconnect SDI power then disconnect the SDI interface from the target system Disconnect power from the new target system if necessary With SDI interface power still off connect the SDI interface to the new target system Restore power to the new target system and the SDI interface Select the RE command then activate the CM command Return to Step 1 NOTE The SDI interface is an active system component Altering hardware connections with interface power on can cause interface or computer port failure 11 To quit programming select the QU command to exit the programming software and return to DOS M68SDBUG D 5 27 For More Inform
3. SDbug12 Main Screen SDbug16 Main Screen SDbug32 Main Screen CPU Windows Stack Windows SDbug16 IP Window SDbug16 BR Window Code Windows Memory Windows Debug Window Programming Screen S1 Record Diagram TABLES SDbug Number Symbols Option Parameter Values SDbug Special Function Keys Debug Window Commands Source Window Commands IASM Hotkeys IASM Menus Edit Window Status Line Information IASM Edit Window Commands IASM Cursor Commands IASM Insert and Delete Commands IASM Block Commands IASM Miscellaneous Commands Assembler Directives Pseudo Operations Listing Directives Communications Window Hot Keys PROGS Startup Command Parameters Standard Programming Commands For More Information On This Product VOND PGI Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc AA MOTOROLA CONTENTS TABLES continued S Record Field Composition S Record Types SDbug Status and Error Messages IASM Assembler Error Messages VERSEI For More information On This Product ix Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc CONTENTS AA MOTOROLA x For More information On This Product MESSDBIGID Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc AA MOTOROLA GENERAL INFORMATION CHAPTER 1 GENERAL INFORMATION 1 1 INTRODUCTION This manual provides general information operating instructions and MCU programming instructions for your M68SDbug Serial Debugger SDbug software SDbug
4. ASM Miscellaneous Commands continued Command Keys Description Toggle lt CTRL gt QI Enables or disables autoindent When autoindent is enabled autoindent lt CR gt or lt CTRL gt M jumps to the next line to the column of the first non blank character of the current line Indent shows on the status line Toggle fixed tabs lt CTRL gt QT Enables fixed tabs or smart tabs When fixed tabs are enabled Tab shows on the status line Toggle insert Insert Enables insert mode or overwrite mode In insert mode existing mode or text moves right as new text is entered and Insert shows in the lt CTRL gt V status line In overwrite mode new text replaces existing text Undo last lt CTRL gt QU Restores lines deleted via the delete or delete line command deletion This command does not restore single characters or words To undo changes to the current line use the restore line command To specify the size of the undo buffer use the set undo limit command 4 6 8 1 The Find Command The find command as well as the find and replace command needs additional explanation When you enter the find command the status line clears and a prompt asks for the search string as long as 67 characters If you have used this command before the prompt includes the most recent search string To select the same search string press lt CR gt To edit or replace the search string use these commands Backspace Deletes the character to th
5. This command lets you write a remark in the debug window Such a remark can be helpful for your documentation or listing during execution of macro files or during a capture of the debug window Example REM your comment here oe For More Information On This Product VOE ORIGI Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc AA MOTOROLA DEBUG MONITOR COMMANDS RESET Execute Hardware Reset 3 2 49 Execute Hardware Reset RESET This command does a hardware reset to the reset vector address in the MCU then enters background debug mode Example gt RESET Reset hardware VERSEI For More information On This Product T3 Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc DEBUG MONITOR COMMANDS AA MOTOROLA SERIAL Set Serial Port Parameters 3 2 50 Set Serial Port Parameters SERIAL port baud par dbit sbit where port 1 or 2 port com1 or port com2 baud Baud rate 9600 4800 2400 1200 600 300 150 or 110 par Parity N E or O for none even or odd dbit 7 or 8 the number of data bits sbit 1 or 2 the number of stop bits This command sets serial port parameter values if you want to use the SDbug debug window as a dumb terminal You must use the SERIAL command to set these before you enter the SERIALON command The SERIAL command does not activate serial port functionality but the command is a preliminary requirement for this functionality After
6. aN O EE 0011 CHECKSUM oo N N aN gt an 0011 0010 0100 0001 Figure A 1 S1 Record Diagram ae For More Information On This Product VOE ORIGI Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc AA MOTOROLA STATUS AND ERROR MESSAGES APPENDIX B STATUS AND ERROR MESSAGES In most situations the SDbug system reports conditions and changes via messages in the debug window Table B 1 lists these messages with probable causes and corrective actions as appropriate The IASM assembler however reports its own error messages on the prompt line Table B 2 lists IASM assembler error messages Table B 1 SDbug Status and Error Messages Message Aborted by user Assembly terminated opcode form not valid Attempt to set a breakpoint at previously defined counter Attempt to set breakpoint on odd address Attempt to set counter at previously defined breakpoint Attempt to set counter on odd address Bus error not ready Bus error BDM error M68SDBUG D Probable Cause User action During interactive assembly user entered a period or other inappropriate value Breakpoint address duplicates an existing counter address Breakpoint address value is odd Counter address duplicates an existing breakpoint address Counter address value is odd A debugger window points to unimplemented memory A debugger window points to unimplemented memory Corrective Act
7. AA MOTOROLA 5 7 STANDARD PROGRAMMING COMMANDS Table 5 2 lists the standard programming commands in the order they appear in the command window Individual explanations of each command in alphabetical order follow the table Paragraph 5 7 lists a typical programming sequence To abort a command in progress press the ESC key Table 5 2 Standard Programming Commands Command Function w Blank check module Blank check range m Ww Erase byte range m O Erase word range m z Erase module Program bytes m W Program words v Program module Choose module P file V Verify module VR Verify range U Upload module UR Upload range SS Specify S record SM Show module H Help QU Quit R Reset chip 5 8 M68SDBUG D For More Information On This Product Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc AA MOTOROLA PROGRAMMING MCUS BM Blank Check Module 5 7 1 Blank Check Module BM This command blank checks the selected memory module That is the system verifies that each module location is in its erased state If the blank check is successful the message Erased appears in the status window Otherwise the status window shows the address and contents of the first unerased location VERSEI For More information On This Product sa Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc PROGRAMMING MCUS AA MOTOROLA BR Blank Check Range 5 7 2 Blank Check Range
8. BR This command blank checks an MCU memory range that you specify When you select this command prompts ask for the hexadecimal starting and ending addresses of the range Both these addresses must be inside the module Then the system verifies that each location of the range is in its erased state If the blank check is successful the message Erased appears in the status window Otherwise the status window shows the address and contents of the first unerased location NOTE Unless the P file includes an erase check byte routine the starting address must be a word boundary and the ending address must be a word boundary plus 1 Otherwise the system displays a message that the P file does not implement byte checking 0 For More Information On This Product VOE ORIGI Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc AA MOTOROLA PROGRAMMING MCUS CM Choose Module 5 7 3 Choose Module CM This command selects the module to be programmed and the associated P file When you select this command the choose module window appears in the center of the screen This window contains the path to the parent directory names of any subdirectories then the names of all P files in the current directory Use the arrow PgUp or PgDn keys to scroll through this window then select the P file The choose module window disappears and the message Initializing appears in the status window Then the Base Address prompt appear
9. DEBUG MONITOR COMMANDS AA MOTOROLA WATCHDOG Disable Watchdog Timer 3 2 68 Disable Watchdog Timer WATCHDOG This command disables the watchdog timer You may take this action only once following a hardware reset For many processors areset enables the watchdog timer NOTE This command is not available in SDbug12 Example gt WATCHDOG Disable watchdog timer ofS For More Information On This Product VOE ORIGI Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc AA MOTOROLA DEBUG MONITOR COMMANDS WHEREIS Show Symbol Value 3 2 69 Show Symbol Value WHEREIS label _name where label_name Label or address This command echoes a specified label and displays its address Alternatively this command echoes a specified address and displays the label at that address Examples gt WHEREIS start Show address of label start start 200 System echoes label and shows address gt WHEREIS 200 Show label at address 200 start 200 System echoes address and shows label M68SDBUG D 3 75 For More Information On This Product Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc DEBUG MONITOR COMMANDS AA MOTOROLA 3 3 SOURCE LEVEL DEBUGGING Entering the LOADALL or LOADMAP kommand loads a map file into the SDbug enabling source level debugging If the IP SDbug16 or PC SDbug12 SDbug32 points to a code location the code that appears in the code windo
10. Examples gt COUNT start timel Start code execution at label start stop at label time1 then show count values of included counter addresses gt COUNT 1050 Start code execution at address 1050 at stop show count values of included counter addresses gt COUNT start Start code execution at label start at stop show count values of included counter addresses gt COUNT Start code execution at IP PC value at stop show count values of included counter addresses one For More Information On This Product VOE ORIGI Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc AA MOTOROLA DEBUG MONITOR COMMANDS COUNTER Add or Remove Counter Location 3 2 14 Add or Remove Counter Location COUNTER add where add Address or label This command adds or removes an address from the SDbug internal counter table For each address the system counts code execution For example if the counter table contains three addresses included in a block of code that you execute twice the system increments the counts for these addresses by 2 If you enter this command without a parameter value the system shows a list of all current counters The maximum number of addresses in the internal counter table is 50 The internal counter table is the source for count values displayed via the COUNT command Examples gt COUNTER 10300 Add address 10300 to or remove the address from the internal counter table gt COUN
11. P files for each module one that contains control register information and a larger array file The names of control register P files usually include the letter C array files include the letter K A digit following the C or K in the file name indicates that the MCU has multiple modules the digit identifies the specific module The software release guide explains the complete naming convention for P files Standard PROG 12P PROG 16P or PROG 32P files which serve the needs of most users are available in the Motorola AMCU bulletin board system MCU12 MCU16 or MCU32 areas To access this bulletin board phone 1 512 891 3733 The bulletin board serial transmission format is eight data bits no parity and one stop bit It is possible for advanced programmers to customize P files the AMCU bulletin board gives additional information about customization 5 3 PROGRAMMING REQUIREMENTS To program an M68HC12 M68HC16 or MC68300 MCU memory module you need e PROGS software e An SDI interface e An IBM or compatible personal computer The computer must run DOS 3 1 or higher and must have an IBM compatible serial port e A target system that contains the MCU device to be programmed This target system can be a test board an emulator board or a dedicated programmer board but it must have a 10 pin Berg type connector to connect to the SDI interface cable The target system must include an appropriate programming voltage circuit or
12. particular MCU type see the corresponding technical data book The term module also can apply to programmable memory not part of your MCU but accessible via your target board To use PROGS to program such an external module you must create a custom 12P 16P or 32P file which is available from P amp E Microcomputer Systems 5 2 OVERVIEW PROGS software resides in your host computer To program an MCU memory module connect your SDI interface between your host computer and your target system Next run PROGS software This software consists of two parts e General program This program consists of the routines and general interface functions that control the erasing programming verifying and viewing of programmable memory modules This program which pertains to any MCU programmable memory module runs on your host computer it communicates with your MCU in background debug mode via the SDI cable VERSEI For More information On This Product oa Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc PROGRAMMING MCUS AA MOTOROLA e P files These files which have the extension 12P 16P or 32P implement the general routines and functions for specific modules A P file consists of addresses documentation information and initialization code in the form of S records The P files run in the target MCU processor The full names of P files relate them to a type of module and a type of MCU There are two
13. the editor automatically translates tabs to spaces When a file is read into the editor all tabs are expanded to the default settings When a file is written the editor encodes spaces into tabs if this option is enabled via the installation program This saves disk space but slows the writing of files 4 6 4 Window Commands As many as five windows may be open at any time But during assembly only one window may be open and this window must contain the file to be assembled Use the ALT key to access window commands When you hold down the ALT key the help line at the bottom of the display shows the command options Table 4 4 explains the window commands Table 4 4 IASM Edit Window Commands Command Keys Description Add window ALT F3 Opens another text window and prompts for a file to edit If you do not specify a file the editor creates the file NONAME ASM which you may save later as a named file If 5 windows already are open an error message appears If the active window is too small to divide in half to make room for the new window an error message appears Close window ALT X If two or more windows are open closes the current window If one window is open closes the window and leaves IASM Next window ALT F1 Makes the next text window the current window Previous window ALT F2 Makes the previous text window the current window Resize window ALT F4 Lets you change the size of the current window via the up
14. the first add parameter must specify an address on an even boundary The n parameter specifies the number of memory units bytes words or long words to be written on one line If the capture feature is active SDbug also logs the lines of dumped data to the capture file Examples gt DUMP B 0 8 3 Dumping memory data Press any key to abort 00000000 4E 71 4E 00000003 71 4E 71 00000006 4E 71 4A done gt DUMP W 0 6 2 Dumping memory data Press any key to abort 00000000 4E71 4E71 00000004 4E71 4E7 1 done gt DUMP L 0 12 4 Dumping memory data Press any key to abort 00000000 4E71FFFF 4E71FFFF 4E71FFFF 4E71FFFE done 326 For More Information On This Product MESSDBIGID Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc AA MOTOROLA DEBUG MONITOR COMMANDS DUMP_TRACE _ Load Trace Buffer to Debug Window 3 2 22 Load Trace Buffer to Debug Window DUMP_TRACE This command displays the current trace buffer contents in the debug window If the capture feature is active SDbug also logs the lines of displayed data to the capture file Example gt DUMP_TRACE Dump trace buffer 00000004 NOP 7 BE 00000002 NOP 7 0001 00000000 NOP 0002 VERSEI For More information On This Product Ter Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc DEBUG MONITOR COMMANDS AA MOTOROLA EVAL Evaluate Expression 3 2 23 Evaluat
15. 1 This single step tracing does not stop at breakpoints The processor does not run at full execution speed during a STEP command NOTE The STEP command traces n steps of code even if that means halting execution in a subroutine or interrupt If the current IP or PC points to a subroutine or interrupt you can use thea GONEXT command which halts code execution at the first instruction after the subroutine or interrupt The two aliases of the STEP command are ST and T Examples gt STEP 10 Trace through 10 16 steps SST Trace through 1 step M68SDBUG D 3 65 For More Information On This Product Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc DEBUG MONITOR COMMANDS AA MOTOROLA STEPFOR Step to Breakpoint 3 2 60 Step to Breakpoint STEPFOR This command begins continuous step tracing from the IP SDbug16 or PC SDbug12 SDbug32 value Stepping continues until it arrives at a breakpoint until it encounters an error or until you press a key The processor does not run at full execution speed during a STEPFOR command Example gt STEPFOR Step trace from IP PC to breakpoint 3GP For More information On This Product VOE ORIGI Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc AA MOTOROLA DEBUG MONITOR COMMANDS STEPTIL Step to Address 3 2 61 Step to Address STEPTIL add where add Trace stop address or label This command starts continuous step tracing from the IP S
16. AA Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc S RECORD INFORMATION AA MOTOROLA Table A 1 S Record Field Composition Printable Characters Contents Record length 2 Number of character pairs in the record excluding type and record length pairs Address 4 6 or8 The 2 3 or 4 byte address at which the data field is to be loaded into memory Code data 0 n From 0 to n bytes of executable code memory loadable data or descriptive information For compatibility with teletypewriters some programs may limit the number of bytes to as few as 28 of 56 printable characters in the S record Checksum 2 The least significant byte of the one s complement of the sum of the values represented by the pairs of characters making up the records length address and the code data fields A 3 S RECORD TYPES There are eight types of S records to accommodate the various needs of the encoding transportation and decoding functions The various Motorola upload download and other record transportation control programs as well as cross assemblers linkers and other file creating or debugging programs use only the S record types that serve the purpose of the program For specific information on which S records a particular program supports consult the user manual for that program SDebug supports the S record types listed in Table A 2 Az For More information On This Product VOE ORIGI Go to www freescale com Freesca
17. Example gt CLEARSYMBOL Delete the current information in the symbol table VERSEI For More information On This Product ao Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc DEBUG MONITOR COMMANDS AA MOTOROLA CODE Show Disassembled Code 3 2 12 Show Disassembled Code CODE add where add Starting address or label for disassembled code This command is an alternative to scrolling in the code window After execution of any instruction the code window reverts to showin g IP f nd PC values Examples gt CODE 10300 Show code starting at address 10300 gt CODE subl Show code starting at label sub1 3 16 M68SDBUG D For More Information On This Product Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc AA MOTOROLA DEBUG MONITOR COMMANDS COUNT Counts Execution 3 2 13 Counts Execution COUNT add add where add First parameter execution starting address or label Second parameter breakpoint address or label This command tells how many times a piece of code executes this can be useful information for optimizing code This command starts and stops processor execution of instructions according to the specified address parameters When execution stops count values appear in the code window Count values pertain to addresses listed in the internal counter table use the COUNTER command to add an address to or remove an address from the internal table Parameter possibilities a
18. SDI interface is an active system component Altering hardware connections with interface power on can cause interface or computer port failure To quit programming select the QU quit command This exits the programming software returning to DOS M68SDBUG D 5 5 For More Information On This Product Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc PROGRAMMING MCUS AA MOTOROLA 5 5 PROGRAMMING SCREEN Figure 5 1 shows the programming screen which consists of these windows Command This window at the upper left of the screen lists and gives you access to the programming commands The title of this window includes the software version number Paragraph 5 6 explains each command Before you select a P file a not active indication is beside each command name if this indication remains beside a command name after you select a P file the command does not pertain to the particular module PRG File Selected This window at the top right of the screen shows the path filename and base address of the selected P file When the programming screen first appears the word none is in this window S19 File Selected This window at the upper right of the screen just below the PRG file selected window shows the path and filename of the selected S record file If you have not yet specified an S record the word none is in this window Status This window extends across the bottom of the screen Promp
19. and down arrow keys To return to the editor press lt CR gt or ESC M68SDBUG D 4 9 For More Information On This Product Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc IASM OPERATING PROCEDURE AA MOTOROLA 4 6 5 Cursor Commands There are two ways to move the screen cursor via the cursor control keys or via control characters To define or modify either method run the installation program Table 4 5 explains the cursor commands Command Keys Description Beginning of file lt CTRL gt PgUp_ Moves the cursor to the first character of the file or lt CTRL gt QR Beginning of line Home Moves the cursor to column 1 of the current line or lt CTRL gt QS Bottom of block lt CTRL gt QK Moves the cursor to the block end marker set via the lt CTRL gt KK command This command works even if there is no block begin marker or if the block is hidden Bottom of screen lt CTRL gt End Moves the cursor to the last line on the screen or lt CTRL gt QX Character left Left arrow Moves the cursor one character to the left or lt CTRL gt S Character right Right arrow Moves the cursor one character to the right or lt CTRL gt D End of file lt CTRL gt PgDn_ Moves the cursor just beyond the end of the file or lt CTRL gt QC End of line End Moves the cursor to the end of the current line and removes or trailing blanks lt CTRL gt QD Go to column lt CTRL gt JC Moves the cursor to the column you enter 1 120 The sy
20. as 30 commands previous entered at the debugger prompt 2 3 9 Other Windows In addition to the main screen windows SDbug includes temporary windows that appear in certain situations Help pop up windows for example appear if you press the F10 key or enter the HELP command For more information see the explanation of tha HELP command jin Chapter 3 VERSEI For More information On This Product ple Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc SDbug OPERATING PROCEDURE AA MOTOROLA Another window is the variables window which replaces the contents of ti BS oe window The variables window shows values of any variables in the CPU data space in byte word long word or string format To activate the variables window enter thel VAR command To deactivate the variables window enter the MDF6 or SHOWF6 command For more information see the explanation of the VAR command in Chapter 3 2 4 GENERAL USE Do most of your debugging from the debug window You may enter all debug commands in this window Typically the first command a user enters is one of the load commands If you have created both an object S19 file and a map MAP file via ILASM enter the LOADALL command gt LOADALL Load code and symbols into SDbug Filename Prompt if no filename is given with the LOADALL fommand In response to the filename prompt enter the name of the object file Next if you have loaded appropriate reset vec
21. be on VERSEI For More information On This Product EA Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc IASM OPERATING PROCEDURE AA MOTOROLA 4 7 5 Conditional Assembly The assembler lets you specify blocks of code to be assembled only upon certain conditions To set up such conditional assembly use the directives SET SETNOT IF IFNOT ENDIF and ELSEIF The SET directive sets the value of its parameter to true The SETNOT directive sets the value of its parameter to false The maximum number of SET and SETNOT directives is 25 The directives IF or IFNOT and ENDIF determine the block of code for conditional assembly Code between IF and ENDIF is assembled if the parameter value is true Code between IFNOT and ENDIF is assembled if the parameter value is false The ELSEIF directive can precede ENDIF providing an alternative For example if the parameter value is true code between IF and ELSEIF is assembled but code between ELSEIF and ENDIF is not If the parameter value is false code between IF and ELSEIF is not assembled but code between ELSEIF and ENDIF is ELSEIF gives the same alternative arrangement to a directive sequence that starts with IFNOT Example SSET debug Sets debug value to true SSETNOT test Sets test value to false nop Always assembles nop Always assembles SIF debug Starts block for assembly if debug is true jmp start Asse
22. continued x For More Information On This Product VOND PGI Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc AA MOTOROLA CONTENTS CHAPTER 3 USING DEBUGGER COMMANDS continued Show Macro List Set F3 Window Memory Display Set F6 Window Memory Display Modify Memory Remove All Breakpoints Modify Memory in Program Space Toggle Window Refresh Write Remark Execute Hardware Reset Set Serial Port Parameters Deactivate Serial Port Activate Serial Port Set MCU SFC Value Screen Capture Toggle Code Display Code Search Source Step Show Processor Status Step Trace Step to Breakpoint Step to Address Add Symbol to Map File Execute Trace Display S Record Files Show Variables Window Compare File to Memory Display the Current Software Version Disable Watchdog Timer Show Symbol Value 3 3 SOURCE LEVEL DEBUGGING 3 4 SDBUG MACROS 3 5 TRACE BUFFER VERSEI For More information On This Product Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc CONTENTS AA MOTOROLA CHAPTER 4 IASM OPERATING PROCEDURE 4 1 vi For More information On This Product Meso Dee Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc AA MOTOROLA CONTENTS CHAPTER 5 PROGRAMMING MCUS 5 7 14 APPENDIX A S RECORD INFORMATION APPENDIX B STATUS AND ERROR MESSAGES M68SDBUG D For More Information On This Product vil Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc CONTENTS AA MOTOROLA viii FIGURES
23. cursor Byte number position of the cursor relative to the first character in the file Insert Indicates that the editor is in insert mode Press the Insert key to toggle between insert and overwrite modes Indent Indicates that the editor is in auto indent mode Tab Indicates that the editor is using fixed tab stops Indicates that the file has been modified since it last was saved 4 6 2 Prompt Editor Most IASM user response prompts include default responses To accept a default response press lt CR gt If you enter a specific response on the prompt line you use the prompt editor The prompt editor has the same commands as the full IASM editor plus these three 1 Accept entry lt CR gt or lt CTRL gt M 2 Abort ESC 3 Insert control character lt CTRL gt P 4 6 3 Tabs The IASM editor has two kinds of tabs e Smart tabs These tabs echo the appearance of the preceding line The first character of any non space sequence acts as a tab stop for the next line The smart tab mode usually is the easiest tab mode for entering source code e Fixed tabs You may specify fixed tab stops when you run the installation program The default stops are column 9 and every 8 columns Note that the first tab stop always is in column tab size 1 a For More Information On This Product VOND PGI Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc AA MOTOROLA IASM OPERATING PROCEDURE For either smart or fixed tabs
24. default is bytes If the command line does not specify data the software prompts for data one memory unit at a time Such prompts include the memory location and current value To change the value enter the new value To advance to the next location without changing the present location press lt CR gt To exit this command type a period at the prompt NOTE This command is only available in SDbug16 Examples gt PMM 100 1 2 3 4 Put values 1 4 into locations 100 103 gt PMM 200 Start interactive memory modification 200 41 gt Shows current value prompts for new one 3 52 M68SDBUG D For More Information On This Product Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc AA MOTOROLA DEBUG MONITOR COMMANDS QUIET Toggle Window Refresh 3 2 47 Toggle Window Refresh QUIET This command turns on the memory based window refresh or turns refresh off The default is ON NOTE This command turns off the code window the F3 and F6 memory windows and for the SDbug12 and SDbug32 the reducing single stepping execution time to the minimum The QUIET command also helps avoid memory bus errors when the windows point to non existent memory Otherwise such errors are possible upon a processor reset VERSEI For More information On This Product ae Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc DEBUG MONITOR COMMANDS AA MOTOROLA REM Write Remark 3 2 48 Write Remark REM
25. in the macro has 11 or more characters The macro did not receive sufficient parameter values For More Information On This Product Corrective Action Change the label to one not used already Make sure there is sufficient disk space Make sure per your DOS manual that your CONFIG SYS file lets multiple files be open at the same time Make sure there is sufficient disk space Make sure per your DOS manual that your CONFIG SYS file lets multiple files be open at the same time Nest includes no more than 10 levels deep Make sure quotes enclose the file name Specify any extension that exists If necessary specify the full path name Use a qualifier prefix or suffix for the value or change the default base Correct the opcode Change the label to have no more than 10 characters Send sufficient parameter values to the macro B 3 Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc STATUS AND ERROR MESSAGES AA MOTOROLA Table B 2 IASM Assembler Error Messages continued Message Probable Cause Corrective Action Out of memory The assembler ran out of system Create a file that consists only of an memory INCLUDE directive which specifies your primary file Assembling this file leaves the maximum memory available to the assembler Parameter invalid Operand field of the highlighted line Correct the representation or too large missing has an invalid number change the par
26. lt CR gt The first help page appears Press the page up or page down key to see next or previous pages Press the ESC key to exit to the previous help window If you are in the first help window pressing the ESC key exits the help system 4 6 EDITOR The IASM editor lets you type in text via the keyboard New text starts at the cursor position The editor includes several block commands for moving and copying text several delete commands for correcting mistakes and find and find and replace commands for changing text In many cases you can undo your last several commands via the restore line command Paragraphs 4 6 1 through 4 6 8 explain the various editor commands 4 6 1 The Editing Screen The top line of the editing screen is a prompt line This line displays messages instructions and responses to prompts When you enter a two key command the editor echoes the first key at the left edge of the prompt line The top line of any editing window is a status line Table 4 3 lists status line information VERSEI For More information On This Product os Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc IASM OPERATING PROCEDURE AA MOTOROLA Table 4 3 Edit Window Status Line Information FILENAME EXT Name and extension of the file being edited You may specify full path names to the editor but this item shows only name and extension Linen File line number position of the cursor Col n File column number position of the
27. reset then automatically highlights the CM choose module command If you program another MCU without quitting the programming software use the RE command to reset the new MCU Another use of this command is to recover from an error that prevents communication between the programming software and the MCU 920 For More information On This Product VOE ORIGI Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc AA MOTOROLA PROGRAMMING MCUS SM Show Module 5 7 13 Show Module SM This command displays module contents 48 bytes at a time When you select this command a prompt shows the current default starting address To accept this default address press lt CR gt Otherwise type a different starting address then press lt CR gt The temporary show module window appears This window shows module contents starting with the specified address The ASCII representation of each byte is at the right edge of the window Use the PgUp PgDn arrow Home and End keys to scroll through module contents when you are done viewing module contents press the ESC key VERSEI For More information On This Product ral Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc PROGRAMMING MCUS AA MOTOROLA SS Specify S Record 5 7 14 Specify S Record SS This command specifies an S record file When you select this command the select S19 file window appears Enter the file name at the prompt including the path as appropriate the
28. scroll the screen Moves the cursor down one page with a single line of overlap Moves the cursor up one page with a single line of overlap Moves the cursor to its previous position very useful after a save find or find and replace Scrolls the screen down one line The cursor does not change lines until it hits the top of the screen Scrolls the screen up one line The cursor does not change lines until it hits the bottom of the screen Sets one of nine invisible markers at the current cursor position Moves the cursor to the block begin marker set via the lt CTRL gt KB command This command works even if there is no block end marker or if the block is hidden Moves the cursor to the top line on the screen Moves the cursor to the beginning of the word to the left may move across a line break Moves the cursor to the beginning of the word to the right may move across a line break For More Information On This Product Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc IASM OPERATING PROCEDURE AA MOTOROLA 4 6 6 Insert and Delete Commands Table 4 6 explains the commands for inserting and deleting characters words and lines Command left Delete current character Delete line Delete to end of line Delete word Insert control character Insert line New line Tab 4 12 Delete character Table 4 6 IASM Insert and Delete Commands Keys Backspace or lt C
29. sequence assigned to two commands look for the highlighted items to correct such errors Other error messages point out lists of keystrokes that are too long to correct these errors eliminate unnecessary key sequences NOTE Generating a listing option or map file increases the time necessary for assembling a program For efficient operation set the listing option and debug map defaults to OFF Turn the options on only when you need them 1 To make lt CR gt part of the new key sequence press the scroll lock key then lt CR gt then press the scroll lock key again VERSEI For More information On This Product A Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc IASM OPERATING PROCEDURE AA MOTOROLA 4 3 HOTKEYS Hotkey labels appear at the bottom of the screen Table 4 1 explains the functions of these keys Table 4 1 IASM Hotkeys Brings up the help system F2 Save Saves the file currently in the editor makes a backup file and returns the cursor to its position before you pressed this key F3 Load Loads a new file If you have changed the current file prompts you to save the file then asks for the name of the file to be loaded lt CTRL gt F3 loads the file specified in the command line when you entered IASM F4 Assemble Assembles the file currently in the editor any options chosen from the main menu system will be in effect Note that only one window may be open during assembly F5 Exit End
30. the extension Verification is comparison of the file contents with the contents of program memory Verification ends the first time the system finds memory locations whose values do not match In such a case the address of the discrepancy appears then the system returns to the gt prompt If memory contents match perfectly a confirmation message appears before the system returns to the gt prompt This command is the same as the successive commands LOADJand VERIFY Example gt LOADV myfilel Load and verify filemyfilel s19 Fag For More information On This Product VOE ORIGI Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc AA MOTOROLA DEBUG MONITOR COMMANDS LOAD BIN Load Binary File 3 2 35 Load Binary File LOAD_BIN file add where file Name of file that contains binary data code add Loading starting address This command loads binary code of the specified file into your target hardware starting at the add parameter value If the file is not in the current directory enter the entire DOS path Note that the LOAD_BIN command only loads a binary file it does not verify loading do a reset or affect any CPU resources To load and verify use tha LOADV_BIN fommand Example gt LOAD_BIN myfilel bin 100 Load binary file myfile1 bin at address 100 VERSEI For More information On This Product aa Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc DEBUG MONITOR COMMANDS AA MOTORO
31. there is only one header record although multiple header records are possible A 4 S RECORD CREATION Several dump utilities debuggers linkage editors cross assemblers or cross linkers may produce S record format programs Several programs are available for downloading a file in S record format from a host system to a microprocessor based system VERSEI For More information On This Product AS Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc S RECORD INFORMATION AA MOTOROLA A 5 S RECORD EXAMPLE The following example shows how a typical S record format module is printed or displayed The module consists of one SO four S1 and one S9 records S00600004844521B S 1130000285F245F2212226A000424290008237C2A S 11300100002000800082629001853812341001813 113002041E900084642234300182342000824A952 113003000144ED492 S9030000FC The SO record consists of these character pairs SO Type indicator SO identifying a header record 06 Hexadecimal value 06 indicating that six character pairs or ASCII bytes follow 00 Four character 2 byte address field zeros 00 48 ASCII H D and R HDR 44 52 1B Checksum of the SO record as For More Information On This Product VOE ORIGI Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc AA MOTOROLA S RECORD INFORMATION The explanation of the first S1 code data record is S1 13 00 00 2A S record t
32. using the MACRO command To define a macro enter the MACROSTART command specifying a name The default system extension is ICD Then enter the commands of the macro Any command you can enter in the debug window can be in a macro When you complete your macro enter the command MACROEND this command ends the macro definition and stores the macro file Alternatively you can use any general purpose text editor to define a macro The macro must be a plain ASCII file with one command per line To call a macro enter tha MACRO tommand specifying the macro filename in the command Macro execution begins immediately To see a list of all macro files enter th MAC domman4d the list appears in a temporary window To call a macro directly from this list scroll to highlight the macro name then press lt CR gt To close the temporary window without executing a macro press lt ESC gt 3 5 TRACE BUFFER The trace buffer is a circular 1024K buffer that supports the SDbug trace functionality When you enter thd TRACE fommand the system begins execution of the specified instructions logging in the trace buffer each instruction the CPU executes During tracing the system disables screen refreshes so tracing happens as rapidly as possible The only information requested from the CPU between steps is the IP SDbug16 or the PC SDbug12 SDbug32 value To view the competed trace press the F7 key The code window display changes to sho
33. works with target devices that incorporate HCMOS microcontroller units MCUs of the M68HC12 M68HC16 and M68300 families The SDbug versions are e SDbug12 which works with M68HC12 MCUs e SDbug16 which works with M68HC16 MCUs and e SDbug32 which works with M68300 MCUs 1 2 FEATURES SDbug features include e Economical means of evaluating target systems incorporating MCUs of the M68HC12 M68HC16 or M68300 families e Background debug mode operation for use with a personal computer instead of an on board monitor e Integrated assembly editing emulation environment for easy development e As many as seven software breakpoints e Memory map of your target system e JASM development software IASM12 IASM16 or IASM32 which includes an editor cross assembler and communications package for use with MCUs of the corresponding family e PROG software PROGI12S PROGI6S or PROG32S for programming MCUs of the corresponding family VERSEI For More information On This Product tl Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc GENERAL INFORMATION AA MOTOROLA 13 EQUIPMENT REQUIRED For communication with SDbug you need an IBM PC or compatible computer running MS DOS The computer must have a serial communication port You also need a Motorola SDI interface SDbug operates in background debug mode a backdoor method of talking to the CPU There are two methods of loading MCU code using SDbug 1 Gener
34. you enter the SERIAL command you can enter thaSERIALON command to start the serial port functionality This means that you can ente ommands to execute instructions via the computer serial port To end serial port functionality enter the SERIALOFF command NOTE The SERIAL command is for using a second serial port to directly manipulate the MCU This does not control the SDI interface Example gt SERIAL 1 9600 N 8 1 Set serial port com1 to 9600 baud no parity eight data bits and one stop bit aoe For More Information On This Product VOE ORIGI Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc AA MOTOROLA DEBUG MONITOR COMMANDS SERIALOFF Deactivate Serial Port 3 2 51 Deactivate Serial Port SERIALOFF This command deactivates serial port functionality The debug window returns to its normal SDbug role program execution no longer involves the computer serial port The SERIALON command activated serial port functionality To reactivate this functionality ISERIALON enter the SERIALON command again Example gt SERIALOFF End serial port functionality restore debug window VERSEI For More information On This Product aoe Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc DEBUG MONITOR COMMANDS AA MOTOROLA SERIALON Activate Serial Port 3 2 52 Activate Serial Port SERIALON This command activates SDbug serial port functionality That is entering this co
35. 0 1 Enter the appropriate startup command such as PROG12S baud 28800 freq 4000000 sim 4 which starts PROG12 at a communication rate of 28800 baud for a target system oscillator frequency of 8Mhz with a non multiplexed light integration module LIM Table 5 1 explains parameter values for the startup command syntax PROG S s m baud n v freq n sim n VERSEI For More information On This Product ee Go to www freescale com Freescale Sem PROGRAMMING MCUS iconductor Inc AA MOTOROLA Table 5 1 PROGS Startup Command Parameters Parameter PROGS number 12 com1 through comg parameter baud n Sets I O port baud ra Deactivates S record parameter freq n Set target frequency with all trailing zeros sim n Set SIM type value n 0 SIM 1 SCIM 2 RPSCIM 3 SCIM2 The PROG12 defau Sets serial communication port the default is com1 The range is Sets monitor as monochrome For a color monitor do not use this the default rate is 9600 default for PROG16 or PROG32 is 8000000 8Mhz Action 16 or 32 te to n value The rate range is 2400 to 57600 verification For verification omit this n half the MPB oscillator frequency entered The PROG12 default is 2000000 2Mhz the specifies one of these possible values 4 LIM NOMUX 5 LIM MUX 6 SLIM MUX 7 SLIM NOMUX It is 5 the PROG16 and PROG32 default is 0 The main programming screen appears with the
36. 11 device IASM16 only ELSEIF Alternate conditional assembly vis a vis the IF or IFNOT directive ENDIF End conditional assembly IF Assemble specified code if condition is true IFNOT Assemble specified code if condition is false INCLUDE Include specified file in source code MACRO Create a macro MACROEND End a macro definition NODPZ Turn off the DPZ directive IASM16 only SET Set specified condition to true SETNOT Set specified condition to false M68SDBUG D For More Information On This Product Go to www freescale com 4 19 Freescale Semiconductor Inc IASM OPERATING PROCEDURE AA MOTOROLA 4 7 3 Changing Base The default numerical base of the current file is hexadecimal The BASE assembler directive changes this default base to binary octal or decimal or back to hexadecimal The new base remains in effect until the end of the file or until you use the BASE directive again The parameter value must be in the current base or must have a base qualifier Qualifier prefixes for binary for decimal and for hexadecimal The corresponding qualifier suffixes are Q for binary O for octal T for decimal and H for hexadecimal Use either a prefix or a suffix but not both Examples are SBASE 2H Changes default base to binary SBASE 8 Changes default base to octal SBASE 8 Changes default base to oct
37. 8 This command activates the variables window which shows any variables of the CPU data space The variables window replaces the F6 memory window just as with the F6 memory window you can scroll through variable window values If you move to a different window of the main screen pressing the F6 Key fnoves you back to the variables window Each time you enter a new add parameter value via a new VAR command you add the corresponding value to the variables window The system automatically updates these values each time you enter an execution command such as COUNT GO ol STEP To delete a variable from the window scroll to the value then press the delete key The variables window remains part of the main screen until you enter thel MDF6 or SHOWF6 command Either of these commands reactivates the F6 memory window The contents and format of the variables window remain as set by the most recent VAR command For example entering the VAR command with an X parameter value activates the variables window with values in the specified format If the variables window already is activated the new command changes the format of the values Entering the VAR command without an X parameter value also activates the variables window but with the value format unchanged Examples gt VAR W totalval Show two byte quality at location totalval gt VAR S mystring 8 Show eight character string at location myst ring M68SDBUG D 3 71 For Mor
38. AMMING MCUS AA MOTOROLA UR Upload Range 5 7 16 Upload Range UR This command uploads contents of an MCU memory range that you specify to a specified file in S record format When you select this command prompts ask for the hexadecimal starting and ending addresses of the range Both these addresses must be inside the module Then the system prompts for a filename Enter the filename and press lt CR gt the system begins uploading If the file already exists a prompt asks whether to overwrite it If you enter Y yes the system overwrites the existing file BES For More Information On This Product MesSDBUG D Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc AA MOTOROLA PROGRAMMING MCUS VM Verify Module 5 7 17 Verify Module VM This command compares the contents of the selected S record to the contents of the module When you enter this command the system verifies that an S record file is selected if you have not yet selected one a reminder message appears in the status window If you have selected an S record file the system checks whether all S record addresses fit into the module If so the system verifies the contents of the S records When verification is done a confirmation message appears in the status window If the system cannot verify a module location verification activity stops and an error message in the status window identifies the location If all S record file addresses do not fit into
39. Choose Module command already activated Paragraph 5 4 explains the main screen The choose module window appears in the center of the screen This window contains the path to the parent directory names of any subdirectories then the names of all P files in the current directory Use the arrow PgUp or PgDn keys to scroll through this window CAUTION Selecting a P file that does not match the current MCU can lead to unpredictable programming results or prevent downloading altogether It could even cause the loss of important data Be sure to select a P file appropriate for your MCU type window disappears and the message 1 at the bottom of the screen 5 4 Select the P file for the memory module then press lt CR gt The choose module nitializing appears in the status window M68SDBUG D For More Information On This Product Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc AA MOTOROLA PROGRAMMING MCUS 4 10 The Base Address prompt appears in the base address window Enter the hexadecimal address at which you want the module to reside then press lt CR gt Paragraph 5 4 includes more information about base addresses The base address window disappears the name and base address of the P file appear in the PRG file selected window Additionally comments from the first few lines of the P file appear in the status window These comments specify the MCU type and modul
40. Dbug16 or PC SDbug12 SDbug32 value to the specified address or label This step tracing ignores any breakpoints it may encounter before arriving at the specified stop address but you may stop this tracing immediately by pressing any key Example gt STEPTIL sub Step trace from IP PC to label sub1 VERSEI For More information On This Product Tor Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc DEBUG MONITOR COMMANDS AA MOTOROLA SYMBOL Add Symbol to Map File 3 2 62 Add Symbol to Map File SYMBOL label name n where label_name ASCII characters of the new label n The new symbol value This command adds the specified label to the symbol table giving it the specified value The symbol table contains as many as 30 user defined labels Creating a label with the same value as a previously defined label erases the first label To verify a new symbol move to the code window then check the disassembled code NOTE The SYMBOL command does not verify the values you define Do not use reserved labels for you assembler For SDbug12 do not use these reserved words as labels A B CCR D PC SP TMP2 TMP3 X or Y For SDbug16 do not use these reserved words as labels E PC X Y or Z For SDbug32 do not use these reserved words as labels AO A1 A7 CCR DFC DO D1 D7 PC SFC SR or VBR Example gt SYMBOL start 200 Define the label start 200 POS For More information
41. FF F FF FF 666066616 FF FF FF FF FF F FF FF 66666618 FF FF F FF DF RRRKRRRK F FF FF WARNING stack pointer not on a word boundary WARNING stack pointer not on a word boundary WARNING CSBOOT is the only active chip select gt Fi Debug F2 Code F3 F6 Mem F4 Step F5 Zoom F Trace F8 DOS F9 Repeat Fi Help Figure 2 3 SDbug32 Main Screen Paragraphs 2 3 1 through 2 3 6 explain these windows Paragraph 2 3 7 explains the use of unction keys with these windows 2 3 1 CPU Window The CPU window at the upper left of the main screen shows the status of CPU registers 2 4 shows the CPU windows for SDbug12 SDbug16 and SDbug32 oe For More Information On This Product VOND PGI Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc AA MOTOROLA 46060 GFEG6 6668 8 8 6606 4666 I AM 886806008 46008008 66668008 46000008 48008008 66060068 66060008 46068008 66666068 CPU SDbug OPERATING PROCEDURE 46068008 66068008 46060008 66668008 66068008 66060008 46068008 FFFFFFFF SMHENZUC216S PK G66H000000000080 CCR ttS III XNZUC PC 6666816C UB 88680080 66661666 SDbug12 SDbug16 SDbug32 Figure 2 4 CPU Windows Use the debug window to change any register value in the CPU window enter the register a space and the new value gt a fe Changes the value in register A to FE You may change individual bits in the condition code register by specifyin
42. Freescale Semiconductor Inc M68SDBUG D September 1997 M68SDBUG SERIAL DEBUGGER USER S MANUAL MOTOROLA INC 1992 1997 All Rights Reserved For More Information On This Product Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc Motorola reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any products herein to improve reliability function or design Motorola does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit described herein neither does it convey any license under its patent rights nor the rights of others Motorola products are not designed intended or authorized for use as components in systems intended for surgical implant into the body or other applications intended to support or sustain life or for any other application in which the failure of the Motorola product could create a situation where personal injury or death may occur Should Buyer purchase or use Motorola products for any such unintended or unauthorized application Buyer shall indemnify and hold Motorola and its officers employees subsidiaries affiliates and distributors harmless against all claims costs damages and expenses and reasonable attorney fees arising out of directly or indirectly any claim of personal injury or death associated with such unintended or unauthorized use even if such claim alleges that Motorola was negligent regarding the design or manufacture of the part Motorol
43. IBM PC compatible computer There should be at least 512 kilobytes of system memory Communications use ports COM1 or COM2 To print from within IASM use the standard DOS printer port 4 1 2 System Overview IASM lets you generate standard assembly language source code or read source code in from a disk file You may generate three kinds of output files e Object files machine language for the target processor e Listing files copies of input text with machine code cycle timing and other such annotations e Map files files used by other P amp E Microcomputer software such as simulators user interfaces and the SDbug The options you choose determine which types of files IASM generates If the system finds an error during assembly of a file the system highlights the line that contains the error places the cursor on this line and alerts you VERSEI For More information On This Product F Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc IASM OPERATING PROCEDURE AA MOTOROLA 4 1 3 Getting Started Before starting IASM software read the README file if any of your software diskette and read the software release guide if any The README file or a software release guide contains information not available at press time To start the environment type the command line gt IASM filename where isthe appropriate ASM number 12 16 or 32 filename is the optional filename to be loaded into the edi
44. ING Specify DOS Command 3 2 20 Specify DOS Command DOS_STRING str where str Command to be executed by DOS The DOS_STRING command specifies aj DOS command to be executed in background If a value is defined for DOS_STRING and you shell to DOS the string is then executed in background Enter the DOS_STRING command with no parameters to clear any value defined using the DOS_STRING command You can then shell to DOS via the DOS command Example gt DOS_STRING run exe Define the routine to be executed the next time you execute alDOS command gt DOS Execute the run exe command in background gt DOS_STRING Clears the DOS_STRING gt DOS Shell to DOS VERSEI For More information On This Product es Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc DEBUG MONITOR COMMANDS AA MOTOROLA DUMP Load Memory to Debug Window 3 2 21 Load Memory to Debug Window DUMP X add add n where X RAM units B or b bytes W or w words L or l long words add First parameter memory range start address Second parameter memory range end address n Number of units to be displayed on each line The size is defined by the X option This command uploads data from memory for display in the debug window The two add parameter values specify the memory range to be uploaded The X parameter value specifies the uploading units the default unit is bytes If the X parameter specifies words or long words
45. LA LOADV_BIN Load and Verify Binary File 3 2 36 Load and Verify Binary File LOADV_BIN file add where file Name of file that contains binary data code add Loading starting address This command loads binary code of the specified file into your target hardware starting at the add parameter value then begins verification of the file If the file is not in the current directory enter the entire DOS path Verification is comparison of the file contents with the contents of program memory Verification ends the first time the system finds memory locations whose values do not match In such a case the address of the discrepancy appears then the system returns to the gt prompt If memory contents match perfectly a confirmation message appears before the system returns to the gt prompt This command is the same as the successive commands LOAD _BIN and VERIFY Example gt LOADV_BIN myfilel bin 100 Load binary file myfile1 bin at address 100 age For More Information On This Product VOE ORIGI Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc AA MOTOROLA DEBUG MONITOR COMMANDS MAC Display MAC Unit Contents 3 2 37 Display MAC Unit Contents MAC This command displays the contents of the multiply and accumulate unit This unit includes the XMASK YMASK and SIGNLATCH NOTE This command is only available in SDbug16 Example gt MAC Display MAC unit contents VERSEI For More inform
46. On This Product VOE ORIGI Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc AA MOTOROLA DEBUG MONITOR COMMANDS TRACE Execute Trace 3 2 63 Execute Trace TRACE add add where add First parameter trace starting address or label Second parameter trace stop address or label This command starts and stops tracing according to the specified add parameters e Ifthe command has two parameter values the system sets a temporary breakpoint at the second address or label then traces code from the first address or label Tracing continues until it arrives at the temporary breakpoint just set until it arrives at an existing permanent breakpoint or until you press a key e Ifthe command has one parameter value the system traces code from that address or label Tracing continues until it arrives at an existing breakpoint or until you press a key e Ifthe command has no parameter values the system traces code from the IP SDbug16 or PC SDbug12 SDbug32 value Tracing continues until it arrives at an existing breakpoint or until you press a key Tracing yields a log of CPU execution The system stores this log in the trace buffer so does not execute in real time Paragraph 3 5 gives more information about the trace buffer When tracing begins the system blanks all windows At the end of tracing press PEI convert the code window to the trace window The trace window shows the contents of the trace buffer all
47. RE 2 1 INTRODUCTION This chapter explains how to use SDbug The explanations of this chapter cover startup general use the main screen source level debugging counts the variable window macros and tracing Chapter 3 explains debug monitor commands 2 1 1 Typeface and Parameter Conventions This chapter uses two different typefaces l This typeface for examples 2 This typeface for variables and 3 This typeface for text and explanations Also note these conventions for parameters and keyboard entries e add indicates any valid hexadecimal address or label e file indicates a DOS file name with or without the path e IP is the instruction pointer which points to the next instruction to be executed M68HC16 MCUs only e nindicates any hexadecimal number O OFFFF for bytes 0 OFFFFF for words and O OFFFFFFFF for longwords e PC is the program counter which points to the next instruction to be fetched For an MC68HC16 MCU the PC value equals the IP value plus 6 e str indicates an ASCII character string The maximum string length is 256 characters e indicates that the text string following this character is a comment not part of the instruction e indicate an optional parameter e label_name indicates a string of 16 or fewer characters letters numbers or underscores although the first character must be a letter e lt CRb gt indicates the ENTER RETURN or carriage return key of your keyboard VER
48. SEI For More information On This Product ar Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc SDbug OPERATING PROCEDURE AA MOTOROLA 2 1 2 SDbug Numerical Formats Unless otherwise specified all numbers in SDbug are hexadecimal SDbug treats any numbers you enter as hexadecimal unless you use the proper prefix or suffix per Table 2 1 Number values may have a prefix or a suffix but must not have both Table 2 1 SDbug Number Symbols Symbol Meaning Optional prefix for hexadecimal numbers as 0FF Required prefix for decimal numbers as 255 which equals 0FF Required prefix for binary numbers as 11111111 which equals 0FF and 255 H Optional hexadecimal number suffix an alternative to the prefix OFFH 0FF T Decimal number suffix an alternative to the prefix 255T 255 O Octal number suffix Q Binary number suffix an alternative to the prefix 11111111Q 11111111 2 2 STARTUP Before starting SDbug software read the README file if any on your software diskette and read the software release guide if any A README file or software release guide contains information not available at press time Then make sure that the SDI interface and target system are connected and powered up To start SDbug operation enter the startup command at the DOS prompt Sdbug option option where options are parameter values from Table 2 2 Note that spaces must separate multiple opt
49. TER Show list of current counters VERSEI For More information On This Product aa Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc DEBUG MONITOR COMMANDS AA MOTOROLA DEBUGGER_DFC Set Debugger DFC Value 3 2 15 Set Debugger Destination Function Code Value DEBUGGER_DFC n where n Destination function code value This command sets the debugger destination function code to the specified n value The default n value is 5 This new value is valid only when the processor is not executing SDbug uses only the three least significant bits of the n value If you enter this command without an n value the system displays the current DEBUGGER_DFC value NOTE This command is only available in SDbug32 Examples gt DEBUGGER_DFC 4 Se DFC value to 4 gt DEBUGGER_DFC Show current DEC alue SAN For More Information On This Product MESSDBIGID Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc AA MOTOROLA DEBUG MONITOR COMMANDS DEBUGGER_SFC Set Debugger SFC Value 3 2 16 Set Debugger Source Function Code Value DEBUGGER_SFC n where n Source function code value This command sets the debugger source function code to the specified n value The default n value is 5 This new value is valid only when the processor is not executing SDbug uses only the three least significant bits of the n value If you enter this command without an n
50. TRL gt H Del or lt CTRL gt G lt CTRL gt Y lt CTRL gt QY lt CTRL gt T lt CTRL gt P lt CTRL gt N lt CR gt or lt CTRL gt M Tab or lt CTRL gt I Moves the cursor left one position deleting the character at that Deletes the line containing the cursor Following lines move up In insert mode moves the cursor and following text right to the Description position Following characters of the line also move left one position If the cursor starts in column 1 this command joins the line to the preceding one Deletes the character at the cursor position Following characters of the line move left one position This command does not cross line breaks one and the cursor moves to column 1 of the next line A line deleted via this command cannot be restored Deletes all characters from the cursor position to the end of the line Deletes the word to the right of the cursor This command works across line breaks and can be used to remove line breaks Lets you insert editor control characters in the text For example lt CTRL gt P followed by lt CTRL gt G inserts lt CTRL gt G the bell character The editor displays control characters as upper case highlighted letters The assembler does not accept control characters Inserts a line break at the cursor position The cursor remains at that position In insert mode inserts a line break at the cursor position In autoindent mode the cursor
51. The alias of the BF command is FILL Examples gt BF C000 C030 FF Assign value FF to each byte CO00 C030 gt BF C000 C000 0 Assign value 0 to location C000 M68SDBUG D 3 9 For More Information On This Product Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc DEBUG MONITOR COMMANDS AA MOTOROLA BR Set or Remove Breakpoint 3 2 6 Set or Remove Breakpoint BR add n where add Address or label of breakpoint to be set or removed n Delayed occurrence number default 1 This command sets or removes a breakpoint at the specified address by modifying the breakpoint address table The debug window shows breakpoint addresses as many as seven breakpoints may be active at any time The SDbug16 BR window also shows breakpoint addresses The order of breakpoints in the window has no effect on their operation An n parameter value in the command delays the occurrence of the breakpoint Program execution passes through the breakpoint address instruction n 1 times Each pass decrements the value of n The nth time execution arrives at the instruction the breakpoint occurs and n regains the value you specified in the BR command Enter the BR command without parameter values to see a list of active breakpoints with the current values of their n parameters To clear a breakpoint you must re enter the breakpoint address You cannot redefine a breakpoint with a different occurrence number You must clear the breakp
52. The assembler would truncate the last example to 16 characters So to the assembler it would be the same label as This_label_is_much_longer_than_needed mae For More Information On This Product VOND PGI Go to www freescale com 4 7 2 Directives are keywords that control the progress and modes of the assembler To invoke an Freescale Semiconductor Inc AA MOTOROLA Assembler Directives IASM OPERATING PROCEDURE assembler directive use a or character in column 1 then start the directive in column 2 Table 4 9 lists the directives The caret indicates that a parameter value must follow the NOTE To use a directive be sure to put the or character in column 1 and the first letter of the directive in column 2 This is the mandatory directive format directive Note that there must be a space between a directive and a parameter value Paragraphs 4 7 3 through 4 7 9 give more detail on how to use these directives Table 4 9 Assembler Directives Directive Action BASE Change the default input base to binary octal decimal or hexadecimal CYCLE_ADDER_ON Start accumulating instruction cycles IASM12 IASM16 CYCLE_ADDER_OFF Stop accumulating instruction cycles and print the total IASM12 IASM16 DPZ Make all direct addressing relative to index register Z to make the source compatible with an HC
53. This lets you confirm the change in byte contents by displaying the new contents e To change the contents of the byte and advance to the next byte enter the new data and press lt CR gt Optionally enter the symbol after the new data then press lt CR gt e To advance to the next byte without changing the contents of the current byte press lt CR gt or enter the symbol then press lt CR gt e To change the contents of the byte and return to the previous byte enter the new data and the symbol then press lt CR gt e To return to the previous byte without changing the contents of the current byte enter the symbol then press lt CR gt NOTE To continue backwards that is to step to the previous byte two or more times your must use the symbol for each step If you try to program beyond the end of the module array an error message appears This message asks you to enter a period to exit the PB command or a minus sign to go backward Pressing lt CR gt is not required in such a case zap For More Information On This Product VOND PGI Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc AA MOTOROLA PROGRAMMING MCUS PM Program Module 5 7 9 Program Module PM This command programs the selected S record file into the module When you enter this command the system verifies that an S record file is selected if you have not yet selected one a reminder message appears in the status wind
54. a and the Motorola logo are registered trademarks of Motorola Inc SDI is a trademark of Motorola Inc IBM PC is a registered trademark of International Business Machines Corp SDbug software is P amp E Microcomputer Systems Inc 1996 All Rights Reserved Portions of the software are Borland International 1987 Portions of the software are TurboPower Software 1988 P amp E Microcomputer Systems Inc PO Box 2044 Woburn MA 01888 2044 617 353 9206 For More Information On This Product Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc AA MOTOROLA CONTENTS CONTENT CHAPTER 1 GENERAL INFORMATION INTRODUCTION FEATURES EQUIPMENT REQUIRED LOADING SOFTWARE ABOUT THIS MANUAL CHAPTER 2 SDbug OPERATING PROCEDURE 2 1 INTRODUCTION 2 1 1 Typeface and Parameter Conventions 2 1 2 SDbug Numerical Formats 2 2 STARTUP 2 3 MAIN SCREEN CPU Window SDbug12 SDbug32 Stack Window SDbug16 Instruction Pointer IP Window SDbug16 Breakpoint BR Window Code Window Memory Windows Debug Window Window Function Keys Other Windows 2 4 GENERAL USE CHAPTER 3 USING DEBUGGER COMMANDS 3 1 INTRODUCTION 3 2 DEBUG WINDOW COMMANDS Toggle F3 Window Display Toggle F6 Window Display Assemble into Pseudo ROM Set Baud Rate Block Fill Memory VERSEI For More information On This Product N Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc CONTENTS AA MOTOROLA CHAPTER 3 USING DEBUGGER COMMANDS
55. able mnemonics Each line of the source contains an assembly language statement Such a statement contains as many as four fields in this order label operation operand comment Paragraph 4 7 1 explains labels paragraph 4 7 10 explains operands and operators and paragraph 4 7 11 explains comments Paragraphs 4 7 2 through 4 7 9 collectively explain operations which include assembler directives the cycle adder conditional assembly and macros Paragraphs 4 7 12 through 4 7 14 explain pseudo operations listing directives and the listing file 4 7 1 Labels A label may be as long as 16 characters A label must start with a letter but the assembler does not differentiate between upper and lower case letters when searching for labels The second and subsequent characters of a label may be letters numerals underscores or dashes You may add a colon to the end of a label but this is optional a space suffices Do not use the reserved words as labels e JASM12 Do not duplicate A B CCR D PC SP TMP2 TMP3 X or Y e IASM16 Do not duplicate E PC X Y or Z e IASM32 Do not duplicate AO A1 A7 CCR DFC DO D1 D7 PC SFC SR or VBR Note that labels within macros may not be longer than 10 characters As paragraph 4 7 7 explains this rule lets the assembler keep such labels unique even for multiple macro calls Examples of labels are Label ThisIsALabel Loop_1l This_label_is_much_too_long
56. al SBASE 100 Changes default base to octal SBASE 10T Changes default base to decimal SBASE OAH Changes default base to decimal SBASE 10 Changes default base to hexadecimal NOTE As stated above the parameter value must be in the current base or must have a base qualifier P amp E Microcomputer Systems and Motorola recommend always using a qualifier with the BASE directive to make certain of setting the default base correctly Remember that the default base at the beginning of assembly is hexadecimal me For More Information On This Product VOE ORIGI Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc AA MOTOROLA IASM OPERATING PROCEDURE 4 7 4 Cycle Adder The assembler contains an internal counter for instruction cycles TASM12 IASM16 the cycle adder The two assembler directives CYCLE_ADDER_ON and CYCLE_ADDER_OFF control this counter When the assembler encounters the CYCLE_ADDER_ON directive it clears the cycle adder The cycle adder starts a running total of instruction cycles as subsequent instructions are assembled For instructions that have variable numbers of instruction cycles the cycle adder takes the smallest number When the assembler encounters the CYCLE_ADDER_OFF directive it writes the current cycle adder value into the LST file and disables the cycle adder NOTE For the CYCLE_ADDER_ON and CYCLE_ADDER_OFF directives to work the Listing and Cycle Ctr options from the Assemble submenu must
57. ameter value or out of range representation Or the parameter value evaluates to a number too large for memory space allocated to the instruction Too many There are 26 or more conditional Limit conditional variables to 25 or conditional variables fewer assembly variables Too many labels The assembler ran out of system Create a file that consists only of an memory INCLUDE directive which specifies your primary file Assembling this file leaves the maximum memory available to the assembler Undefined label The label parameter in the Declare the label or correct the highlighted line has not been declaration declared Unrecognized The opcode of the highlighted line Correct the opcode or make it operation is unknown or is inconsistent with consistent with parameters the number and type of parameters Y not found A mathematical expression is Insert the close brace missing its close brace ait For More Information On This Product VOND PGI Go to www freescale com
58. ating code via the SDbug one line assembler disassembler 2 Downloading assembled code from an external source to user program RAM pseudo ROM via SDbug 1 4 LOADING SOFTWARE To load the SDbug software on your host computer 1 Insert the software diskette into the 3 5 inch drive of your computer 2 Atthe DOS prompt type the floppy drive letter followed by the word install For example if your 3 5 inch drive is drive B type b install 3 The install program automatically loads the software Follow the instructions that appear on the screen This completes software loading Refer to the hardware user s manual for connecting your computer to the target system 1 5 ABOUT THIS MANUAL The rest of this manual explains SDbug functionality Chapter 2 explains SDbug operating procedure Chapter 3 explains SDbug commands Chapter 4 explains how to use IASM development software Chapter 5 explains how to program MCUs of the M68HC12 M68HC16 and M68300 families Appendix A gives information about Motorola S records Appendix B explains status and error messages A software release guide which comes with your SDbug lists part numbers of SDbug components lists all software files and explains any restrictions or limitations ine For More Information On This Product VOND PGI Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc AA MOTOROLA SDbug OPERATING PROCEDURE CHAPTER 2 SDbug OPERATING PROCEDU
59. ation On This Product Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc PROGRAMMING MCUS AA MOTOROLA mee For More Information On This Product MesSDBUG D Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc AA MOTOROLA S RECORD INFORMATION APPENDIX A S RECORD INFORMATION A 1 INTRODUCTION The S record format for output modules encodes programs or data files in a printable format for transportation between computer systems This facilitates S record editing and permits visual monitoring of such transportation A 2 S RECORD CONTENT S records are character strings of five fields record type record length memory address code data and checksum Each byte of binary data is encoded as a two character hexadecimal number the first character represents the high order four bits and the second character represents the low order four bits of the byte The diagram below shows the S record layout Table A 1 shows the composition of each field TYPE RECORD LENGTH ADDRESS CODE DATA CHECKSUM There are three possible terminators for an S record CR LF and NULL Additionally an S record may have an optional initial field to accommodate such other data as line numbers generated by some time sharing systems An S record file is a normal ASCII text file in the operating system in which it resides The record length byte count and checksum fields ensure accuracy of transmission VERSEI For More information On This Product
60. ation On This Product P Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc DEBUG MONITOR COMMANDS AA MOTOROLA MACRO Execute Macro File 3 2 38 Execute Macro File MACRO file where file Macro file name This command starts execution of the specified macro file If you do not supply a file extension the system assumes the extension ICD You may not nest SDbug macros Paragraph 3 4 gives more information about macros The MACRO command does not define a macro file it executes a macro file already defined Use the MACROSTART BfpndJ MACROEND commands to define a macro file Example gt MACRO divby3 Execute macro file divby3 icd one For More Information On This Product VOE ORIGI Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc AA MOTOROLA DEBUG MONITOR COMMANDS MACROEND End Macro File 3 2 39 End Macro File MACROEND This command ends the definition of a macro file and stores the file Use the MACROSTART command to begin the definition of a macro file use tha MACRO command to execute a macro file Example gt MACROEND End current macro definition VERSEI For More information On This Product T Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc DEBUG MONITOR COMMANDS AA MOTOROLA MACROSTART Start Macro File 3 2 40 Start Macro File MACROSTART file where file Name for the new macro file This command starts definition of a new macro file If you do n
61. ccept the default pattern The original default pattern is asm which specifies all files of the current directory that have the extension ASM To load a file from the listing position the cursor on the filename and to use per character Stop Toggles between 1 and 2 indicating the number of stop bits to use per character press lt CR gt Quit Exits IASM Communicate Comm Toggles between operating system hardware ports COM1 and COM2 Baud Steps through possible baud rates 110 through 9600 Parity Steps through N E and O indicating none even or odd parity Length Toggles between 7 and 8 indicating the number of bits VERSEI For More information On This Product a Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc IASM OPERATING PROCEDURE AA MOTOROLA Table 4 2 IASM Menus continued Submenu Choice Assemble Assemble Assembles the file currently in the editor any options chosen from this submenu will be in effect The target system must be attached and powered up Note that only one window may be open during assembly Object Steps through S19 HEX and OFF indicating whether to create an object file during assembly and the type of object file Choose the type appropriate for your development system or PROM programmer Creating an object file increases assembly time Listing Toggles between ON and OFF indicating whether to create a listing LST file during assembly Creating a listi
62. command to execute user code G is the alias of the GO command This command starts and stops processor execution of instructions according to the specified address parameters e If the command has two parameter values the system sets a new breakpoint at the second address or label then executes code from the first address or label Execution continues until it arrives at a breakpoint which could be the one just set or until you press a key Note that the new breakpoint is permanent it remains set until you remove it via the BR por NOBR command NOTE Remember that the maximum number of breakpoints is seven If seven breakpoints already exist but you include a second add parameter value in the GO command the software will ignore that second add value and issue an error message e Ifthe command has one parameter value the system executes code from that address or label until it arrives at an existing breakpoint or until you press a key e If the command has no parameter values the system executes code from the IP PC value until it arrives at an existing breakpoint or until you press a key The processor runs at full execution speed during a GO command NOTE You may use the computer serial port for processor execution of instructions converting the F1 window to a dumb terminal To arrange this functionality use the commands SERIAL and SERIALOFF as well as the GO command For more information see the explanations of th
63. create map files per Chapter 4 Note that the LOADALL command only loads files it does not verify loading do a reset or affect any CPU resources To load and verify use the LOADV jcommand Example gt LOADALL myfile2 Load object code file myfile2 s19 and map file myfile2 map 3 38 M68SDBUG D For More Information On This Product Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc AA MOTOROLA DEBUG MONITOR COMMANDS LOADMAP Load IASM Debug File 3 2 33 Load IASM Debug File LOADMAP file where file Name of debug map file This command loads the specified debug map file into SDbug If the file is not in the current directory enter the entire DOS path If you do not specify a file extension the system assumes the extension MAP Use IASM to create map files pen Chapter 44 Example gt LOADMAP myfile3 Load map file myfile3 map VERSEI For More information On This Product oan Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc DEBUG MONITOR COMMANDS AA MOTOROLA LOADV Load and Verify File 3 2 34 Load and Verify File LOADV file where file Name of file that contains object code in S record format This command loads object code of the specified file into your target hardware then begins verification of the file The code must be in S record format If the file is not in the current directory enter the entire DOS path If you do not specify a file extension the system assumes
64. d via the menu system it is created during assembly The object file has the same name as the file being assembled but with the extension S19 or HEX The choice of name depends on the choice made in the assemble sub menu Any existing file with the same name is overwritten If a map file is requested via the menu system it is generated during assembly SDbug and P amp E Microcomputer Systems products use map files during symbolic debugging ae For More Information On This Product VOND PGI Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc AA MOTOROLA IASM OPERATING PROCEDURE 4 9 COMMUNICATIONS Press the F7 key to open the communications window for computer serial ports COM1 or COM2 The parameters of this window port baud parity word length and number of stop bits come from the options in the COMM sub menu If necessary consult your development board manual for appropriate settings Once the communications window is open the F7 key toggles between communicating and editing If you change communication parameter values while the communications window is open the new values do not take effect until you close and reopen the window The selected baud rate and inter character delays set in the installation program determine the speed of the download command Table 4 12 lists the hot keys available in the communications window Table 4 12 Communications Window Hot Keys fey Name Reserpon OS Brings up the help sys
65. debug code in ROM use the GOTILROM command The processor runs at full execution speed during a GOTIL command Examples gt GOTIL subl Execute code from IP PC to label subl gt GOTIL 1055 Execute code from IP PC to address 1055 3 34 M68SDBUG D For More Information On This Product Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc AA MOTOROLA DEBUG MONITOR COMMANDS GOTILROM Single Step Fast to Address 3 2 29 Single Step Fast to Address GOTILROM add where add Destination stop address or label in ROM This command rapidly single steps through code in ROM from the IP SDbug16 or PC SDbug12 SDbug32 value to the specified address or label The processor does not run at full execution speed during a GOTILROM command Examples gt GOTILROM sub1 Single step through code from IP PC to label sub1 gt GOTILROM 1055 Execute code from IP PC to address 1055 M68SDBUG D 3 35 For More Information On This Product Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc DEBUG MONITOR COMMANDS AA MOTOROLA HELP Display Help System 3 2 30 Display Help System HELP This command an alternative to F10 activates the help system The help system works via temporary pop up windows Use these keys to maneuver in help windows arrow keys lt CR gt ESC PgDn PgUp Example gt HELP 3 36 move within a menu go to achosen menu go to a previous menu or exit go back one menu pa
66. e does not yet exist SDbug creates the file This logging stops when you enter tha CAPTUREOFF tommand or end your debugging session Example gt capture capfilel cap Log debug window data to file capfilel cap aie For More Information On This Product VOE ORIGI Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc AA MOTOROLA DEBUG MONITOR COMMANDS CAPTUREOFF Stop Logging Data to Log File 3 2 9 Stop Logging Data to Log File CAP TUREOFF This command stops logging of debug window outputs Ending your debugging session is another way to stop such logging Enter the CAPTURE command to begin logging debug window outputs VERSEI For More information On This Product ag Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc DEBUG MONITOR COMMANDS AA MOTOROLA CLEARMAP Remove Source Level Debug Information 3 2 10 Remove Source Level Debug Information CLEARMAP This command clears the previously loaded map file from SDbug software Clearing the map file eliminates symbols and source code debugging The code window defaults to simple disassembly Example gt CLEARMAP Delete the current map information oe For More Information On This Product VOE ORIGI Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc AA MOTOROLA DEBUG MONITOR COMMANDS CLEARSYMBOL Remove Temporary Symbols 3 2 11 Remove Temporary Symbols CLEARS YMBOL This command clears the SDbug symbol table
67. e 3 1 Debug Window Commands O sma Meaning SDbug Type 2 VERSEI For More information On This Product Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc DEBUG MONITOR COMMANDS AA MOTOROLA Table 3 1 Debug Window Commands continued O ma Meaning SDbug Type GOEXIT add 12 16 82 i oe For More Information On This Product VOND PGI Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc AA MOTOROLA DEBUG MONITOR COMMANDS Table 3 1 Debug Window Commands continued re Step to breakpoint 12 16 32 STEPTIL add Step to address 12 16 32 SYMBOL chars n Add symbol to map file 12 16 32 TRACE add add Execute trace 12 16 32 VERSEI For More information On This Product aa Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc DEBUG MONITOR COMMANDS AA MOTOROLA Table 3 1 Debug Window Commands continued UPLOAD_SREC add add Display S record files 12 16 32 VAR X add n Show variables window 12 16 32 3 4 For More Information On This Product MesSDBUG D Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc AA MOTOROLA DEBUG MONITOR COMMANDS ASCIIF3 Toggle F3 Window Display 3 2 1 Toggle F3 Window Display ASCIIF3 This command toggles the F3 window f isplay between hexadecimal bytes and ASCII characters The display shows periods in lieu of non printable characters NOTE This command is only available in SDbug32 Example gt ASCIIF3 Change F3
68. e Expression EVAL n op n where n First parameter Expression or first term to be evaluated Third parameter second term to be evaluated op Operator This command evaluates an arithmetic expression giving the result in hexadecimal decimal octal and binary values This command uses 32 bit signed integer arithmetic for its evaluations The expression can contain the operators for addition subtraction multiplication and division and Single spaces must separate parameter values If this command had only one parameter value it echoes that value in four bases Example gt EVAL 102T 54 Evaluate 102 plus 54 OOOBAH 186T 000002720 000000000000101110100 Answer in four bases ace For More Information On This Product VOE ORIGI Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc AA MOTOROLA DEBUG MONITOR COMMANDS EXIT Exit Debugger 3 2 24 Exit Debugger EXIT This command exits the program returning to DOS Alternatives to the EXIT command are entering the QUIT command or pressing ALT X Example gt EXIT Return to DOS MossP Puan For More Information On This Product oes Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc DEBUG MONITOR COMMANDS AA MOTOROLA GO Execute Program 3 2 25 Execute Program GO add add where add First parameter execution starting address or label Second parameter breakpoint address or label Use the GO
69. e Information On This Product Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc DEBUG MONITOR COMMANDS AA MOTOROLA VERIFY Compare File to Memory 3 2 66 Compare File to Memory VERIFY file where file The name of the file to verify against memory contents This command compares contents of an S record file with contents of program memory When you enter the VERIFY command the system prompts for a file name If the file is not in the current directory enter the entire DOS path Verification ends the first time the system finds memory locations whose values do not match In such a case the address of the discrepancy appears then the system returns to the gt prompt If memory contents match perfectly a confirmation message appears before the system returns to the gt prompt Example gt VERIFY Verify contents of file and memory ote For More Information On This Product VOE ORIGI Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc AA MOTOROLA DEBUG MONITOR COMMANDS VERSION Display the Current Software Version 3 2 67 Display the Current Software Version VERSION This command displays the current software version of SDbug and SDI firmware in the command window Example gt VERSION Display the current software version of SDbug and the SDI firmaware M68SDBUG D 3 73 For More Information On This Product Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc
70. e left lt CTRL gt R Restores the previous string lt CTRL gt S Moves cursor left lt CTRL gt D Moves cursor right ESC Cancels the command lt CTRL gt P Enters a control character ND For More information On This Product VOE ORIGI Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc AA MOTOROLA IASM OPERATING PROCEDURE After you enter the search string a prompt asks for options The editor displays any options of the most recent search you may use them again or edit them Search options are B Backwards search from cursor position G Global search from start of file or from end of file for a backwards search L Search only currently marked block U Treat all characters as upper case W Search for whole word only ignore the target string if it is part of a longer word After you specify options the search begins If a matching pattern is found the cursor appears at the end of the pattern When you enter the find command with no option at the search string prompt the search continues from the current cursor position The find next command uses the same parameters as the find command but if you specify a global G option the search restarts from the beginning and stops on the first occurrence This means you will never get beyond the first occurrence of your string search 4 6 8 2 The Find and Replace Command This command is similar to the find command However after you specify the search string this command p
71. e type to which the P file pertains Such comments also identify a special user function if one exists for the P file If somebody has altered the original P file a message so informs you NOTE If you see from the status window comments that you have selected the wrong P file merely select the CM choose module command to select the correct P file To program the module select appropriate commands from the main screen Paragraph 5 6 explains each command When you are done programming the module proceed to one of the steps below To program another module of the same MCU select the CM choose module command then return to step 3 To use the same target system to program another MCU disconnect power from your target system if appropriate then remove the current MCU from the target system Install a new MCU in the target system and restore power Select the RE reset chip command then activate the CM choose module command Return to Step 3 To use a different target system to program another MCU turn off or disconnect SDI interface power then disconnect the SDI interface from the target system Disconnect power from the new target system if necessary With SDI interface power still off connect the SDI interface to the new target system Restore power to the new target system and the SDI interface Select the RE reset chip command then activate the CM choose module command Return to Step 3 NOTE The
72. eescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc AA MOTOROLA DEBUG MONITOR COMMANDS GONEXT Go from IP PC to Next Instruction 3 2 27 Go from IP PC to Next Instruction GONEXT This command inserts a temporary breakpoint at the first instruction after the current IP SDbug16 or PC SDbug12 SDbug32 value Code execution stops when it reaches this temporary breakpoint This command works only with program code in RAM or pseudo ROM To debug code in ROM use the GOTILROM fommand NOTE This command is similar to the STEP command but does not stop inside a subroutine or interrupt If the current IP or PC points to a subroutine or interrupt GONEXT stops code execution at the first instruction after the subroutine or interrupt The processor runs at full execution speed during a GONEXT command Example gt GONEXT Execute code from IP PC value to next instruction VERSEI For More information On This Product PS Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc DEBUG MONITOR COMMANDS AA MOTOROLA GOTIL Go from IP PC to Address 3 2 28 Go from IP PC to Address GOTIL add where add Execution stop address or label This command inserts a temporary breakpoint at the specified address or label then starts execution of code at the IP SDbug16 or PC SDbug12 SDbug 32 value Code execution stops when it reaches the temporary breakpoint This command works only with program code in RAM or pseudo ROM To
73. en the CPU and code windows The SDbug12 stack window shows the first ten values in the stack For the SDbug32 the stack window is between the memory F6 and memory F3 windows The SDbug32 stack window shows the contents of the first four long words on the stack Figure 2 5 shows the SDbug12 and SDbug32 stack windows The SDbug16 does not have a stack window STACK RARRRRRR RRRKRARK RARARARA RARRRARRR SDbug12 SDbug32 Figure 2 5 Stack Windows 2 3 3 SDbug16 Instruction Pointer IP Window The IP window at the top center of the SDbug16 main screen shows the value of the instruction pointer Figure 2 6 shows the IP window IP FRFFA Figure 2 6 SDbug16 IP Window The IP value specifies the instruction to be executed next Note that the IP value always is six bytes less than the program counter PC value Use the debug window to change the IP value enter IP a space and the new value NOTE The IP is not a register for M68HC16 family MCUs as it does not exist in the part ox For More Information On This Product VOE ORIGI Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc AA MOTOROLA SDbug OPERATING PROCEDURE 2 3 4 SDbug16 Breakpoint BR Window The BR window below the SDbug16 IP window lists the addresses of active breakpoints The same addresses appear in the debug window Figure 2 7 shows the BR window Figure 2 7 SDbug16 BR Window As many as seven breakpoints may be active at once
74. ers move to the copied block the original block is not affected Delete block lt CTRL gt KY Deletes a marked and displayed block The undo last deletion lt CTRL gt QU command usually can restore portions of a block accidentally deleted but there is no command to restore a deleted block completely End block lt CTRL gt KK Sets the invisible block end marker so you can return the or cursor to the position at any time via the lt CTRL gt QK command F8 If a block begin marker already is set this command also highlights the block Hide block lt CTRL gt KH Turns highlighting on or off for a displayed block without affecting the markers Mark single word lt CTRL gt KT Marks as a block the word that contains the cursor or the word to the left of the cursor This single command puts block begin and block end markers around the word Move block lt CTRL gt KV Moves a marked and displayed block to the cursor position Markers remain with the block Print block lt CTRL gt KP Prints the selected block To cancel this command press the ESC key M68SDBUG D 4 13 For More Information On This Product Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc IASM OPERATING PROCEDURE Ad MOTOROLA Table 4 7 ASM Block Commands continued Command Keys Description Read block from lt CTRL gt KR Reads an entire file into the text stream at the current cursor file position marking the file as a block The editor prompt
75. es explanations of the COMM sub menu items You may quit the configuration program at this point if you have set all appropriate parameter values Continue this program to configure colors or shading for the current monitor To select an attribute use the up or down arrow keys to highlight the attribute then press lt CR gt Then select the color for the attribute in the same way When you are done selecting colors press ESC Lastly the configuration program asks if you want fast entry mode or random access mode for reconfiguring editor commands e If you choose fast entry follow the on line instructions Commands appear one at a time To leave the command as it is press lt CR gt To change the command use the backspace key To clear the command press the C key To restore the command press the R key You also may specify new keys for the command press lt CR gt to terminate the new key sequence To leave fast entry mode and go to random access mode press ESC e Random access mode lets you alter commands in any order Instructions for this mode appear at the top of the screen Use the cursor keys to select a command to be changed The editing keys are the same as for fast entry mode To terminate the configuration program press the ESC key then either the Q key or the W key e Q terminates IASMINST EXE accepting all commands as they stand e W checks for conflicts among command definitions Error messages point out the same
76. ese other commands 209 For More information On This Product VOND PGI Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc AA MOTOROLA DEBUG MONITOR COMMANDS GO Execute Program Examples gt GO start timel Start code execution at label start break at label time gt GO 1050 Start code execution at address 1050 gt G start Start code execution at label start gt GO Start code execution at IP PC value M68SDBUG D 3 31 For More Information On This Product Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc DEBUG MONITOR COMMANDS AA MOTOROLA GOEXIT Exit Debugger with Target Running 3 2 26 Exit Debugger with Target Running GOEXIT add This command starts target processor execution of instructions from the specified address parameter then exits SDbug while the target system continues executing instructions The target system runs without breakpoints If you enter this command without an add parameter value instruction execution begins from the current IP PC value To restart the debugger without interrupting the target system you must include the running option in the SDbug startup command This restarts the debugger without executing a reset NOTE If you use the GOEXIT command to start instruction execution and exit the debugger then restart the debugger without the running option the system halts instruction execution oor For More Information On This Product VOE ORIGI Go to www fr
77. g the bitlabel and entering the value 0 or 1 gt h 0 Changes the H bit to 0 or gt ccr 00001000 Changes the CCR bits to 00001000 To change the value of the AM register SDbug16 only you must specify the high order 20 bits AMH or the low order 16 bits AML The MCU type determines the registers that may appear in the CPU window e For SDbug12 A B CCR D IX IY PC and SP For more information about these registers consult the CPU Central Processor Unit Reference Manual for M68HC12 family MCUs e For SDbug16 A B C CCR D E EK H HR IR IX IY IZ K N PC PK S SK SP V XK YK Z and ZK The SDbug16 also can change values of the SIGNLATCH XMASK and YMASK registers but these registers do not appear in the CPU window For more information about these registers consult the CPU Central Processor Unit Reference Manual for M68HC16 family MCUs e For SDbug32 DO D7 AO A7 CCR PC DFC SFC and VB In the CCR representation capital letters indicate values 1 and lower case letters indicate values 0 For more information about these registers consult the CPU Central Processor Unit Reference Manual for M68300 family MCUs VERSEI For More information On This Product ot Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc SDbug OPERATING PROCEDURE AA MOTOROLA 2 3 2 SDbug12 SDbug32 Stack Window The stack window displays contents of the stack For the SDbug12 the stack window is betwe
78. ge go forward one menu page Activate the help system For More Information On This Product VOE ORIGI Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc AA MOTOROLA DEBUG MONITOR COMMANDS LOAD Load S Record File 3 2 31 Load S Record File LOAD file where file Name of file that contains object code in S record format This command loads object code of the specified file into your target hardware The code must be in S record format If the file is not in the current directory enter the entire DOS path If you do not specify a file extension the system assumes the extension S19 Note that the LOAD command only loads a file it does not verify loading do a reset or affect any CPU resources To load and verify use th LOADV command Example gt LOAD myfilel Load object code file myfilel s19 VERSEI For More information On This Product aoe Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc DEBUG MONITOR COMMANDS AA MOTOROLA LOADALL Load Map and S Record Files 3 2 32 Load Map and S Record Files LOADALL file where file Name of file that contains object code in S record format and of corresponding debug map file This command loads a specified object code file and a debug map file at the same time The object code must be in S record format If the files are not in the current directory enter the entire DOS path The system assumes the file extensions S19 and MAP Use IASM to
79. ge the address value to an even number None status message Delete a current breakpoint before setting a new one Delete a current counter before setting a new one Fix the hardware Correct the parameter value M68SDBUG D For More Information On This Product Go to www freescale com Message Conditional assembly variable not found Duplicate label Error writing LST or MAP file check disk space Error writing object file check disk space Include directives nested too deep INCLUDE file not found Invalid base value Invalid opcode too long MACRO label too long MACRO parameter error M68SDBUG D Freescale Semiconductor Inc Ad MOTOROLA STATUS AND ERROR MESSAGES Table B 2 IASM Assembler Error Messages Declare the variable via the SET or SETNOT directive Probable Cause The variable in the IF or IFNOT statement has not been declared via a SET or SETNOT directive The label in the highlighted line already has been used Insufficient disk space or other reason prevents creation of an LST or MAP file Insufficient disk space or other reason prevents creation of an object file INCLUDE directives are nested 11 or more levels deep Assembler could not find the file specified in the INCLUDE directive Value inconsistent with current default base binary octal decimal or hexadecimal The opcode on the highlighted line is wrong A label
80. he F3 window accesses data memory VERSEI For More information On This Product pout Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc SDbug OPERATING PROCEDURE AA MOTOROLA MEMORY F6 6606 HA HA HO 42 HA HA HA A 0068 66 48 2C 79 16 OA H AA y 6616 68 OA G1 GC HA HA GF A 66 66 HA AA 6A F2 MEMORY F3 B600 B6 A B6 G2 B6 O4 B6 B6 B608 B6 O8 B6 GA B6 C B6 GE B610 B6 16 B6 12 B6 14 B6 i6 B6 1A B6 iC B6 iE PROGRAM lt PMM gt F6 iF DA 3 FD FC FB F 60008 F F8 F F6 F5 F4 F3 F2 66614 Fi FA EF EE ED EC EB EA DATA lt DMM gt F3 66666 AA iF DA 3 FD FC FB FA 0008 F F8 F F6 F5 F4 F3 F2 66614 Fi F EF EE ED EC EB EA BA E E8 E E6 ES E4 E3 E2 E E7 E6 ES E4 E3 E2 SDbug16 MEMORY F6 FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF 66664068 FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF 66660016 FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF STACK RRRAAARA RRRRRRRK RRRRRARA RRRRRRRK MEMORY F3 66660006 FF FF FF FF 66660648 FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF 660600016 FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF 9oa880008 FF FF FF FF 66666618 FF FF F FF DF 66666618 FF FF F DF FF FF FF SDbug32 Figure 2 9 Memory Windows 2 3 7 Debug Window The debug window is at the bottom of the main screen Figure 2 10 shows the debug window which is identical for all SDbug versions DEBUG Fi No such fi
81. he contents of the current word press lt CR gt or enter the symbol then press lt CR gt e To change the contents of the word and return to the previous word enter the new data and the symbol then press lt CR gt e To return to the previous word without changing the contents of the current word enter the symbol then press lt CR gt NOTE To continue backwards that is to step to the previous word two or more times your must use the symbol for each step If you try to program beyond the end of the module array an error message appears This message asks you to enter a period to exit the PB command or a minus sign to go backward Pressing lt CR gt is not required in such a case mele For More Information On This Product VOND PGI Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc AA MOTOROLA PROGRAMMING MCUS QU Quit 5 7 11 Quit QU This command quits the programming software returning you to the DOS prompt Another way to select the QU command is to press the ESC key then press lt CR gt VERSEI For More information On This Product aa Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc PROGRAMMING MCUS AA MOTOROLA RE Reset Chip 5 7 12 Reset Chip a RE E This command does a hardware reset of the MCU restoring its defined reset values The technical data book for the MCU lists these values When you select this command the system carries out the hardware
82. hen erasing is done a confirmation message appears in the status window Should the system not be able to erase a byte erasing activity stops and the status window shows the address and contents of the byte NOTE For most EEPROM modules it is not possible to erase individual bytes or words ae For More Information On This Product VOE ORIGI Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc AA MOTOROLA PROGRAMMING MCUS EM Erase Module 5 7 5 Erase Module ep EM E This command erases the entire module When you select this command the system begins erasing When erasing is done a confirmation message appears in the status window Should the system not be able to erase the entire module erasing activity stops and an error message appears in the status window IMPORTANT NOTE For flash EEPROM and certain other module types the EM command erases both the data and control register portions of the module VERSEI For More information On This Product mle Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc PROGRAMMING MCUS AA MOTOROLA EW Erase Word Range 5 7 6 Erase Word Range EW E For specific modules this command erases words of an MCU memory range that you specify When you select this command prompts ask for the hexadecimal starting and ending addresses of the range When you enter these addresses both of which must be word boundary addresses and both of which must be inside the modu
83. ified data into RAM at the specified address Consecutive data values separated by spaces go into consecutive memory units the X parameter specifies the default is bytes If the command line does not specify data the software prompts for data one memory unit at a time Such prompts include the memory location and current value To change the value enter the new value To advance to the next location without changing the present location press lt CR gt To exit this command type a period at the prompt NOTE This command is only available in SDbug16 Examples gt DMM 100 1 2 3 4 Put values 1 4 into locations 100 103 gt DMM B 200 Start interactive memory modification in bytes 200 41 gt Shows current value prompts for new one M68SDBUG D 3 23 For More Information On This Product Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc DEBUG MONITOR COMMANDS AA MOTOROLA DOS Shell to DOS 3 2 19 Shell to DOS DOS This command suspends the debugger exiting to the DOS prompt If you have defined a DOS command via the DOS_STRING fommand the system immediately executes that DOS command and returns to SDbug To return to the debugger enter EXIT at the DOS prompt Example gt DOS Suspend SDbug and shell to DOS C gt DOS prompt 3 24 M68SDBUG D For More Information On This Product Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc AA MOTOROLA DEBUG MONITOR COMMANDS DOS_STR
84. ion None status message None status message Change the breakpoint address or delete the counter Change the address value to an even number Change the counter address or erase the breakpoint Change the counter value to an even number Move the window Move the window B 1 For More Information On This Product Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc STATUS AND ERROR MESSAGES B 2 AA MOTOROLA Table B 1 SDbug Status and Error Messages continued Message Could not write breakpoint counter to hardware Debugger supplied DSACK DOS error after shell Instructions allowed only on even byte boundaries Preset breakpoint encountered Too many breakpoints set Too many counters set Unable to go into background mode Unrecognizable or improper parameter value Probable Cause No system memory available or attempt to write to ROM A debugger window points to unimplemented memory An error occurred while running a program from its DOS shell Instruction written to an odd address Execution stopped at breakpoint Attempt to set an eighth breakpoint Attempt to set a 51st counter Hardware could not go into background mode Parameter value is out of range wrong type or otherwise not appropriate for this command Corrective Action Fix hardware or write to RAM Move the window Correct the error in the outer program Chan
85. ion X XX BM Blank check module BR Blank check range EB Erase byte range EW Erase word range EM Erase Module PB Program bytes PW Program words PM Program module CM Choose module VM Verify module VR Verify range UM Upload module UR Upload range SS Specify S record SM Show module HE Help QU Quit RE Reset chip PRG FILE SELECTED none 19 FILE SELECTED none STATUS Figure 5 1 Programming Screen 5 6 SPECIAL USER FUNCTION The command window of Figure 5 2 lists the standard programming commands those that pertain to virtually all programmable modules After you have selected a P file look at the bottom right corner of the command window If a down arrow symbol is at the widow edge the module has an extra command or user function Comments from the first few lines of the P file appear in the status window to identify what the user function does Note that a user function depends on the module if three different modules have user functions the three user functions may perform completely different actions The SDbug software release guide explains the user function if any for the P file you select To highlight and activate the user function you may need to scroll down a line in the command window via the down arrow key VERSEI For More information On This Product 2 Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc PROGRAMMING MCUS
86. ion parameter values P For More information On This Product VOE ORIGI Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc AA MOTOROLA SDbug OPERATING PROCEDURE Table 2 2 Option Parameter Values Value Meaning SDbug number 12 16 or 32 Set display to black and white Select specified serial I O port 1 through 9 the default I O port is com1 Set I O port baud rate n specifies The rate range is 2400 to 57600 the default rate is 19200 Set target frequency n half the MPB oscillator frequency entered with all trailing zeros The Sdbug12 default is 2000000 2Mhz the default for Sdbug16 or Sdbug32 is 8000000 8Mhz Start the debugger without filling the memory windows or disassembly window Set SIM type value n specifies one of these possible values 0 SIM 4 LIM NOMUX 1 SCIM 5 LIM MUX 2 RPSCIM 6 SLIM MUX 3 SCIM2 7 SLIM NOMUX The Sdbug12 default is 5 the Sdbug16 and Sdbug32 default is 0 path Specify DOS path to the directory and code to be debugged Start the debugger without executing a RESET see the GOEXIT command explanation in Chapter 3 Example startup commands are SDbugl2 iasm12 source Starts SDbug12 making available code in the IASM12 directory source subdirectory SDbug12 freq 4000000 sim 04 Starts Sdbug12 for a target system oscillator frequency of 4MHz with a non multiplexed light integration module LIM Dbug16 start s19 Starts SDbug16 and perfor
87. it is all upper case and comments are stripped out However this appearance does not affect the definition itself VERSEI For More information On This Product eo Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc IASM OPERATING PROCEDURE AA MOTOROLA 4 7 8 Constants Numerical constants are specific numbers entered into assembly language instructions The default for all constants in the assembler is hexadecimal but you may override the default by adding a qualifier prefix or suffix to a value Do not use both a prefix and a suffix Qualifier prefixes for binary octal decimal and hexadecimal are and respectively The corresponding qualifier suffixes are Q O T and H You may change the default base to binary octal or decimal or back to hexadecimal via the BASE directive Note that the symbol or by itself indicates the current program counter value To specify an ASCII constant or string put it in single or double quotes Examples of constants are 100101110 10010111 2270 151T 151 97H 97 JMP jump to myself JMP jump to myself db this is a string LDAA 7 4 7 9 Opcodes The assembler supports all factory opcode mnemonics To see the full list of these mnemonics look under INSTRUCTION SET in the on line help system Opcodes cannot start in column 1 If a label starts the line there must be at least one space or a colon between the label and the o
88. le the system begins erasing words When erasing is done a confirmation message appears in the status window Should the system not be able to erase a word erasing activity stops and the status window shows the address and contents of the word NOTE For most EEPROM modules it is not possible to erase individual bytes or words ae For More Information On This Product VOE ORIGI Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc AA MOTOROLA PROGRAMMING MCUS HE Help 5 7 7 Help This command calls up help information When you select this command the help topics window appears near the center of the programming screen Use the arrow and lt CR gt keys to select a topic A larger help window appears giving you the appropriate information If there are several pages of information use the PgDn and PgUp keys to scroll through the pages To exit a help window press the ESC key VERSEI For More information On This Product E Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc PROGRAMMING MCUS AA MOTOROLA PB Program Bytes 5 7 8 Program Bytes This command programs one or more bytes of the module When you select this command the system prompts for a starting address Enter the address and press lt CR gt the system shows the contents of that byte and prompts for new data e To change the contents of the byte but hold the address constant enter the new data and the symbol then press lt CR gt
89. le Semiconductor Inc AA MOTOROLA S RECORD INFORMATION Table A 2 S Record Types Type Description SO The header record for each block of S records The code data field may contain any descriptive information identifying the following block of S records The address field is normally zeros S1 A record containing code data and the 2 byte address at which the code data is to reside S2 A record containing code data and the 3 byte address at which the code data is to reside 3 A record containing code data and the 4 byte address at which the code data is to reside S7 A termination record for a block of S3 records The address field may optionally contain the 4 byte address of the instruction to which control is to be passed There is no code data field S8 A termination record for a block of S2 records The address field may optionally contain the 3 byte address of the instruction to which control is to be passed There is no code data field S9 A termination record for a block of S1 records The address field may optionally contain the 2 byte address of the instruction to which control is to be passed If such an address is not specified the first entry point specification encountered in the object module input will be used There is no code data field There is only one termination record for each block of S records The usual reason to use S7 or S8 records is when control is to be passed to a 3 or 4 byte address Normally
90. le com Freescale Semiconductor Inc IASM OPERATING PROCEDURE AA MOTOROLA 4 7 14 Listing File A listing file requested via the menu system is created during assembly This listing file has the same name as the file being assembled but with the extension LST Any existing file that has the same name is overwritten The listing file has this format AAAAA VVVVVVVV CC LLLL Source Code The first five hexadecimal digits AAAAA are the address of the instruction in the target processor memory The next hexadecimal digits VVVVVVVV are the values put into that address and possibly the next several addresses The actual opcode determines the size of this field The CC field of the format is the number of machine cycles used by the opcode TASM12 or IASM 16 only Note that this value appears only if Cycle Ctr was turned on before assembly Also note that the CC value which always appears in brackets is a decimal value If an instruction has several possible cycle counts the CC value is the lowest possibility The LLLL field as many as four digits gives the line count The actual source code follows the line count At the end of the listing file is the symbol table This table lists each label and the value of each label The listing directives list and nolist affect the LST file If the nolist directive is at the end of the file it suppresses the symbol table 4 8 OBJECT AND MAP FILES If an object file is requeste
91. le found 19 gt load Name of record file gt c qa progi2 srecord s_6 s1 Loading 60 B7E loaded gt Fi Debug F2 Code F3 F6 Mem F4 Step F5 Zoom F Trace F8 DOS F9 Repeat Fi Help Figure 2 10 Debug Window Use the debug window to enter commands The prompt symbol is the gt character ae For More Information On This Product VOB DRSI Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc AA MOTOROLA SDbug OPERATING PROCEDURE 2 3 8 Window Function Keys To move between windows and to carry out certain other actions use the function F keys of the keyboard Table 2 3 lists the functions of these keys Table 2 3 SDbug Special Function Keys F Key Function F1 Go to the debug window F2 Go to the code window In this window you may scroll to see future code F3 Go to the F3 memory window In this window you may scroll through data memory F4 Do a single step trace This key has the same role as the STEP command F5 Shrink or enlarge the code window if it displays source code F6 Go to the F6 memory window or variables window In the former you may scroll through memory In the latter you may scroll through CPU variables F7 Go to the code window as a trace window In this format of the code window you may scroll through the trace buffer F8 Shell to DOS or execute the DOS STRING command F9 Repeat the last command F10 Activate the help window PgUp amp PgDn Page through as many
92. mand writing the specified data into RAM at the specified address For the SDbug32 this command does the same thing except that it writes the data to space that tha DEBUGGER_DFC priDEBUGGER_SFC command specifies Examples gt MM 100 1 2 3 4 Put values 1 4 into locations 100 103 gt MM B 200 Start interactive memory modification in bytes 200 41 gt Shows current value prompts for new one 3 50 M68SDBUG D For More Information On This Product Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc AA MOTOROLA DEBUG MONITOR COMMANDS NOBR Remove All Breakpoints 3 2 45 Remove All Breakpoints NOBR This command removes all the addresses from the breakpoint address table The SDbug16 BR window shows this table Example gt NOBR Remove all breakpoints VERSEI For More information On This Product Ta Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc DEBUG MONITOR COMMANDS AA MOTOROLA PMM Modify Memory in Program Space 3 2 46 Modify Memory in Program Space PMM X add n n where X Program space units B or b bytes W or w words L or 1 long words add Program space address or label to receive data value n Data to be entered The size is defined by the X option This command writes the specified data into program space at the specified address Consecutive data values separated by spaces go into consecutive memory units the X parameter specifies the
93. mbles SELSEIEF Starts block for assembly if debug is false jmp end Does not assemble SENDIF Ends block for conditional assembly nop Always assembles nop Always assembles SIF test Starts block for assembly if test is true jmp test Does not assemble SENDIF Ends block for conditional assembly NOTE If start4 is a SET SETNOT parameter value there also can be a start4 label or parameter value elsewhere in code IASM treats such duplicate values as two distinct values 4 22 M68SDBUG D For More Information On This Product Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc AA MOTOROLA IASM OPERATING PROCEDURE 4 7 6 Include When the assembler encounters the INCLUDE directive it takes source code from the specified file This continues until the end of the specified file or until the assembler encounters another INCLUDE directive If the assembler reaches the end of the specified file it continues taking source code from the file that contained the INCLUDE directive The file specification must be in quotes single or double If the file is not in the current directory the specification must be a full path name The screen window shows the full specification provided that it does not exceed 32 characters Includes may be nested to a maximum depth of 10 The Assemble submenu lets you choose whether to show the source code from include files within the LST file Examples SINCLUDE init asm
94. micolon delineates comments which may start in any column and extend to the end of the line Additionally if an asterisk or semicolon is in column 1 the entire line is a comment Examples of comments are this comment is the only thing on the line nop this is a comment this entire line is a comment 4 7 12 Pseudo Operations You may use pseudo operations in place of opcode mnemonics Table 4 10 lists these pseudo operations Table 4 10 Pseudo Operations rmb n Defines storage reserving n bytes where n number or label or No forward references of n are allowed ds n fcb m Defines byte storage where m label number or string or Strings generate ASCII code for multiple bytes number and db m label parameters receive single bytes Separate multiple parameters with commas fdb n Defines word storage where n label number or string Two or bytes are generated for each number or label Separate dwn multiple parameters with commas lab equ n Assigns the value of the number or label n to the label lab No forward references of n are allowed Sets the origin to the value of the number or label n No forward references of n are allowed mee For More Information On This Product VOE ORIGI Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc AA MOTOROLA IASM OPERATING PROCEDURE 4 7 13 Listing Directives Listing directives are source code keywords that control output to the listing file These direc
95. mmand makes the debug window act as a dumb terminal so that you can entel GO Fommands to execute instructions via the computer serial port To end serial port functionality enter the SERIALOFF command NOTES Before using the SERIALON command you must set serial port parameters via the SERIAL tommand While serial port functionality is activated pressing the F1 key terminates program execution The SERIAL command is for using a second serial port to directly manipulate the MCU This does not control the SDI interface Example gt SERIALON Start serial port functionality make debug window a dumb terminal 3 58 M68SDBUG D For More Information On This Product Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc AA MOTOROLA DEBUG MONITOR COMMANDS SFC Set MCU SFC Value 3 2 53 Set MCU SFC Value SEE nH where n Source function code value This command sets the source function code SFC to the specified n value This new value is valid only while the processor is executing If you are in background debug mode use the DEBUGGER_SFC command not the SFC command to set the SFC SDbug uses only the three least significant bits of the n value If you enter this command without an n value the system displays the current DFC value Examples gt SFC 4 Set SFC value to 4 gt SFC Show current SFC value M68SDBUG D 3 59 For More Information On This Product Go to www freescale com Freescale Semico
96. moves to the next line either to the column of the first non blank character in the current line or to column 1 In overwrite mode the cursor moves to column 1 of the next line without inserting a new line next tab stop In overwrite mode moves only the cursor right to the next tab stop The extent of movement depends on the kind of tabs fixed or smart in use M68SDBUG D For More Information On This Product Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc AA MOTOROLA IASM OPERATING PROCEDURE 4 6 7 Block Commands A block is any defined contiguous stream of text from a single character to many lines even an entire file To define a block put a block begin marker at the first character and a block end marker after the last Once you define a block in this way you can move it copy it delete it or write it to a file The editor highlights defined blocks but you may change this display via the hide block command Block commands work only with non hidden fully defined blocks Table 4 7 explains the block commands Table 4 7 IASM Block Commands Command Keys Description Begin block lt CTRL gt KB Sets the invisible block begin marker so you can return the cursor to the position at any time via the lt CTRL gt QB command If a block end marker already is set this command also highlights the block Copy block lt CTRL gt KC Copies a marked and displayed block placing the copy at the cursor position Mark
97. ms a LOADALL command loading the s record and debug map nN SDbug32 com2 baud 2400 Starts SDbug32 specifying serial communication port 2 at 2400 baud VERSEI For More information On This Product ae Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc SDbug OPERATING PROCEDURE AA MOTOROLA If a file named STARTUP ICD is in the current directory the debugger software runs the file as a macro at startup Paragraph 3 4 explains SDbug macros At startup SDbug shows an opening screen that lists the version number Press any key to advance to the main screen Figure 2 1 2 3 MAIN SCREEN Figure 2 1 shows the SDbug12 main screen which consists of the CPU window the stack window the code window the program F6 memory window the data F3 memory window and the debug F1 window 6000000 INX BGE 0085 ANDCC 6 BGND z 7 ru F6 E RY D 62 66 66 HA HA B6 66 B6 64 B6 B6 79 10 66 66 AA B6 A8 B6 OC B6 GE OC 66 66 F HA B6 16 B6 14 B6 16 66 66 66 6A F2 B6 18 B6 iC B6 1E DEBUG Fi Name of record file gt c qa progi2 srecord s_ s1 Loading 6 6 B7E loaded gt md b6 gt Fi Debug F2 Code F3 F6 Mem F4 Step F5 Zoom F Trace F8 DOS F9 Repeat FiG Help Figure 2 1 SDbug12 Main Screen oe For More Information On This Product VOE ORIGI Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc AA MOTOROLA SDbug OPERATING PROCEDURE Figure 2 2 shows the SDbug16 main screen which consis
98. n press lt CR gt The select S19 file window disappears and the name of the selected file appears in the S19 file selected window If you press lt CR gt at the filename prompt without entering a filename or if you enter an invalid filename the choose file window replaces the select S19 file window The choose file window lists S record files select one just as you select a module from the choose modules window The choose file window disappears and the name of the selected file appears in the S19 file selected window NOTE Both the select S19 file and choose file windows let you change directories as well as select a file The directory names begin with a backslash character Dea For More information On This Product VOE ORIGI Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc AA MOTOROLA PROGRAMMING MCUS UM Upload Module 5 7 15 Upload Module UM This command uploads module contents to a specified file in S record format When you enter this command the system prompts for a filename Enter the filename and press lt CR gt the system begins uploading If the file already exists a prompt asks whether to overwrite it If you enter Y yes the system overwrites the existing file NOTE This command uploads the complete contents of MCU memory This process can take 30 minutes or longer VERSEI For More information On This Product mee Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc PROGR
99. nclude them to identify the parameters of the macro In this example count indicates the role of the single parameter value passed to the macro That value is substituted for the sequential indicator 1 If the calling line delay 100t invokes this macro the loop occurs 100 times Note the t decimal qualifier nee For More Information On This Product VOND PGI Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc AA MOTOROLA IASM OPERATING PROCEDURE The assembler ignores extra parameter values sent to a macro But if not enough parameter values are sent to a macro the assembler issues an error message Make sure that labels within macros are no longer than 10 characters The assembler makes certain that labels in macros always are unique by changing them each time they are used To do this the assembler appends nnnn a four digit hexadecimal number to each label Each successive time the macro is called the assembler increments the value of nnnn for the label Note that code cannot jump into a macro but code may jump out of a macro Macros cannot be forward referenced that is the definition of the macro must appear before a reference to the macro If you do not want the listing file to contain code generated during a macro select MACROS hide from the Assemble submenu If you do want the listing file to contain this code select MACRO view Note that such code in the listing file is not identical to the macro definition
100. nductor Inc DEBUG MONITOR COMMANDS SNAPSHOT 3 2 54 Screen Capture SNAPSHOT AA MOTOROLA Screen Capture This command captures a screen sending the screen to an open capture file 3 60 M68SDBUG D For More Information On This Product Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc AA MOTOROLA DEBUG MONITOR COMMANDS SOURCE Toggle Code Display 3 2 55 Toggle Code Display SOURCE This command toggles the debug window display between source code and disassembled code A valid map file must be loaded for this command to work NOTE Your program counter must be set to the correct value before the source command will show the source code Example gt LOADMAP myfile3 Load map file my file3 map into the SDbug gt SOURCE Toggle debug window display to source code or to disassembled code M68SDBUG D 3 61 For More Information On This Product Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc DEBUG MONITOR COMMANDS AA MOTOROLA SOURCEPATH Code Search 3 2 56 Code Search SOURCEPATH path where path Sets the default search directory This command starts a search for source code not in the current directory The system prompts for the DOS path NOTE The SOURCEPATH command pertains only to source code debugging do not use it for such actions as downloading S records Example gt SOURCEPATH Search for code in another directory 3 62 M68SDBUG D For More Inf
101. ng file increases assembly time Debug Map Toggles between ON and OFF indicating whether to create a map MAP file during assembly Creating a map file increases assembly time Cycle Cnir Toggles between ON and OFF indicating whether to IASM12 include the base instruction cycle counts in the listing IASM16 file Save on F6 Toggles between ON and OFF controlling the prompt IASM32 only to save the file before shelling to SDbug32 Macro Toggles between VIEW and HIDE VIEW means print macro source code in the LST file at every macro call HIDE means suppress such printing Include Toggles between VIEW and HIDE VIEW means print INCLUDE file source code in the LST file HIDE means suppress such printing Help none Brings up the help menu e For More information On This Product VOND PGI Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc AA MOTOROLA IASM OPERATING PROCEDURE 4 5 HELP To bring up the menu driven help system press the F1 key from within the editor or press the H key from the main menu The help system covers the editor and all original commands as well as the assembler including assembler commands options and structures The initial window shows a list of topics There may be more topics than fit in the window if so use the up and down arrow keys to scroll through the topics To choose a topic use the cursor keys to move the highlight bar over the topic then press
102. oint and then set a new breakpoint For a temporary additional breakpoint in RAM or pseudo ROM use tha GOTILjor STEPTIL command For such a breakpoint in ROM use the GOTILROM command Examples gt BR 200 3 Set breakpoint at address 200 to occur the third time execution arrives at the address gt BR startl Set breakpoint at label start1 aut For More Information On This Product VOND PGI Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc AA MOTOROLA DEBUG MONITOR COMMANDS BW Change Display to Black and White Mode 3 2 7 Change Display to Black and White Mode BW This command puts the display in black and white mode Use this command if the default color display is hard to read for example if you use a lap top computer Note also that BW is an option for the SDbug startup command You may change to black and white mode only once following a hardware reset there is no command to return to color mode Example gt BW Put display in black and white mode VERSEI For More information On This Product aa Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc DEBUG MONITOR COMMANDS AA MOTOROLA CAPTURE Save Data to a Log File 3 2 8 Save Data to a Log File CAPTURE file where file Name of log file This command logs debug window outputs to the specified file A prompt asks whether to append log entries to the specified file or to overwrite previous file contents If the specified fil
103. or More information On This Product VOE ORIGI Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc AA MOTOROLA DEBUG MONITOR COMMANDS Table 3 2 Source Window Commands Keys 1 Meaning Alt B Sets a breakpoint at the highlighted line or removes a breakpoint from the highlighted line like the BR command Alt C Sets a counter at the highlighted line or removes a counter from the highlighted line like tha COUNTER command Alt F Prompts for and finds a search string Alt G Executes code from the IP PC to the highlighted line like tha GOTIL command Alt l Alt P Sets the IP PC to the location of the highlighted line Alt L Finds the next occurrence after Alt F Alt M Lists available source code modules press lt CR gt or ESC to select one Alt X Exits SDbug returning to DOS arrow keys Scrolls through code window or maneuvers cursor in code window lt CR gt Selects a source code module from list displayed via the Alt M keys lt ESC gt Cancels a request for a source file module 1 Hold down the ALT key to see a list of code window commands at the bottom of the screen When you release the ALT key the bottom line reverts to its normal display MossP Puan For More Information On This Product ak Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc DEBUG MONITOR COMMANDS AA MOTOROLA 3 4 SDBUG MACROS SDbug macros can automate the debugging process A macro is a file of SDbug commands all executed by
104. ormation On This Product Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc AA MOTOROLA DEBUG MONITOR COMMANDS SS Source Step 3 2 57 Source Step SS This command traces one step of source code from the IP SDbug16 or PC SDbug12 SDbug32 value If your source code is in C or another high order language this command traces through the steps of object or executable code that correspond to that one high order language step The processor does not run at full execution speed during an SS command Use the LST2MAP executable to convert absolute listing files to P amp E debug map files Example gt Ss Trace one step of the source code VERSEI For More information On This Product FRS Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc DEBUG MONITOR COMMANDS AA MOTOROLA STATUS Show Processor Status 3 2 58 Show Processor Status STATUS This command dumps the current status of the processor to the debug window A common use for this command is for logging such information to a capture file Example gt STATUS Show processor status in the debug window PO For More information On This Product VOE ORIGI Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc AA MOTOROLA DEBUG MONITOR COMMANDS STEP Step Trace 3 2 59 Step Trace STEP n where n The number of steps to trace This command traces n steps of code starting at the IP SDbug16 or PC SDbug12 SDbug32 value The default n value is
105. ot supply a file extension the system assumes the extension ICD Subsequent commands you enter become part of the new macro A macro file is a simple ASCII file that contains one command per line You may not nest SDbug macros that is you may not use the name of one macro in the definition of another To end the macro definition enter the MACROEND pommand Subsequently to execute the macro enter the MACRO command Paragraph 3 4 pxplains more about macros Example gt MACROSTART double Start definition of macro file double icd TAR For More information On This Product VOE ORIGI Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc AA MOTOROLA DEBUG MONITOR COMMANDS MACS Show Macro List 3 2 41 Show Macro List MACS This command shows a list of all macro files that is all files with the extension ICD and directory structure in a temporary window Use the arrow keys to highlight a macro name To begin execution of the highlighted macro press lt CR gt To close the temporary window without executing a macro press lt ESC gt Example gt MACS Show list of macros VERSEI For More information On This Product P Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc DEBUG MONITOR COMMANDS AA MOTOROLA MDF3 Set F3 Window Memory Display 3 2 42 Set F3 Window Memory Display MDF3 add where add Starting address or label for code in the window This command resets the F3 memory window so that
106. ow If you have selected an S record file the system checks whether all addresses of the S record fit into the module If so the system programs the S record file into the module When programming is done a confirmation message appears in the status window If the system cannot program a module location programming activity stops and an error message in the status window identifies the location If all S record file addresses do not fit into the module a prompt asks whether to continue If you enter Y yes the system programs into the module all the S record addresses that do fit VERSEI For More information On This Product TE Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc PROGRAMMING MCUS AA MOTOROLA PW Program Words 5 7 10 Program Words PW This command programs one or more words of the module When you select this command the system prompts for a starting address Enter the address and press lt CR gt the system shows the contents of that word and prompts for new data e To change the contents of the word but hold the address constant enter the new data and the symbol then press lt CR gt This lets you confirm the change in word contents by displaying the new contents e To change the contents of the word and advance to the next word enter the new data and press lt CR gt Optionally enter the symbol after the new data then press lt CR gt e To advance to the next word without changing t
107. ow shows the program counter location The symbol IP only in the SDbug16 code window shows the instruction pointer location The TR trace symbol indicates the last instruction the CPU executed The symbol BR indicates active breakpoints and the symbol CT indicates counters 2 If you have loaded a full map file the code window can display source code The symbol gt at the left of the window indicates the instruction pointer SDbug16 or the program counter SDbug12 SDbug32 The symbols and at the left of the window indicate the active breakpoints and counters respectively 3 Alternatively if you have loaded a full map file the code window can display disassembled code Labels defined in the source code appear instead of their address values The symbols PC IP TR BR and CT have the same roles as for case 1 above Paragraph 3 3 explains source level debugging via the code window 2 3 6 Memory Windows The F6 and F3 memory windows display memory contents Values in these windows are hexadecimal when appropriate values_also are in seven bit ASCII symbols A period appears in lieu of an unprintable ASCII character Figure 2 9 khows the memory windows for SDbug12 SDbug16 and SDbug32 For the SDbug12 or SDbug32 either memory window displays the memory contents you specify Also for the SDbug32 the two memory windows bracket the stack window For the SDbug16 the F6 window accesses program memory and t
108. owing you to scroll through the executed code To convert the trace window back to the code window press the F2 key Examples gt TRACE 200 1050 Start code trace at address 200 break at address 1050 gt TRACE 1050 Start code trace at address 1050 gt TRACE start Start code trace at label start gt TRACE Start code trace at IP PC value M68SDBUG D 3 69 For More Information On This Product Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc DEBUG MONITOR COMMANDS AA MOTOROLA UPLOAD SREC Display S Record Files 3 2 64 Display S Record Files UPLOAD_SREC add add where add First parameter starting address of memory range Second parameter ending address of memory range This command displays the contents of the specified memory range in S record format If the capture feature is active SDbug also saves the data to the capture file Example gt UPLOAD_SREC 0 5 Uploading S records Press any key to abort S10900004E714E714E71B9 done oi For More Information On This Product VOE ORIGI Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc AA MOTOROLA DEBUG MONITOR COMMANDS VAR Show Variables Window 3 2 65 Show Variables Window VAR X add n where X Value formats B or b byte the default W or w word L or long word S or s string add Program space address or label that contains a data value n Length of a string value default is 1
109. pcode FEP For More information On This Product VOE ORIGI Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc AA MOTOROLA IASM OPERATING PROCEDURE 4 7 10 Operands and Operators An operand may be an address a label or a constant as defined by the opcode Arithmetic logic and shift operations may be performed within parameters during assembly The operators are multiplication division addition subtraction or negation lt left shift gt right shift remainder after division amp bitwise and bitwise or bitwise xor shift right 16 Operator precedence follows the rules of algebra to alter this precedence use parentheses NOTES If an expression contains more than one operator parenthesis or embedded space braces must enclose the entire expression IASM software does check for a missing close brace but cannot identify expressions that need braces You must use braces when required or ASM will give you unpredictable results without giving you an error message Examples of operands and operators are ldab table load upper four bits of address table into B register jmp start start is a previously defined label jmp start 3 jump to location start 3 jmp start gt 2 jump to location start divided by 4 M68SDBUG D 4 27 For More Information On This Product Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc IASM OPERATING PROCEDURE AA MOTOROLA 4 7 11 Comments A se
110. re e Ifthe command has two parameter values the system sets a new breakpoint at the second address or label then executes code from the first address or label Execution continues until it arrives at a breakpoint which could be the one just set or until you press a key Note that the new breakpoint is permanent it remains set until you remove it via the BR Jo NOBR command NOTE Remember that the maximum number of breakpoints is seven If seven breakpoints already exist but you include a second add parameter value in the COUNT command the software will ignore that second add value and issue an error message e Ifthe command has one parameter value the system executes code from that address or label until it arrives at an existing breakpoint or until you press a key e If the command has no parameter values the system executes code from the IP PC value until it arrives at an existing breakpoint or until you press a key When COUNT stops the results are displayed in a temporary window occupying the source window space You must press the escape key Esc to exit the window The processor runs at full execution speed during a COUNT command However there is a brief pause each time execution atrives at a counter address the screen does not show this pause VERSEI For More information On This Product ae Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc DEBUG MONITOR COMMANDS AA MOTOROLA COUNT Counts Execution
111. rompts for a replacement string Like the search string the replacement string may be as long as 67 characters The prompt includes the replacement string if any from a previous use of this command You may accept edit or replace the replacement string just as you can the search string After you specify the search and replacement strings the option prompt appears All the find command options are available plus one more N Replace without a prompt After you specify options the search begins If the search finds a matching pattern and the N option is not in effect a prompt requests confirmation that you want the replacement Respond Y replace N skip or A replace this and all subsequent matches without prompts If you specify the N option replacement of the search string happens without any confirmation prompts The screen does not update until all file updates are done To abort a find and replace operation press Q or ESC VERSEI For More information On This Product ae Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc IASM OPERATING PROCEDURE AA MOTOROLA 4 7 ASSEMBLER The assembler assembles the file currently in the editor The assembler produces object map or listing files according to the options the user chooses Optionally the assembler only checks syntax without producing any of these files The source file uses factory standard mnemonics See the environment s help screens for a list of accept
112. s for a filename if you already have used this command the prompt includes the previous filename Press lt CR gt to accept the previous filename change the previous filename via the backspace key or enter a new name The filename may include a drive or path identifiers To cancel this command press the ESC key Write block to file lt CTRL gt KW Copies a marked and displayed block to a file without changing the block or its markers The editor prompts for a filename do not use the BAK extension which is reserved for editor backup files If the filename exists another prompt asks whether to overwrite the file If you respond no N you can enter a new filename change the displayed filename via the backspace key or cancel the command via the ESC key This command has no effect if no block is specified ae For More Information On This Product VOE ORIGI Go to www freescale com 4 6 8 Miscellaneous Commands Freescale Semiconductor Inc AA MOTOROLA IASM OPERATING PROCEDURE Table 4 8 explains the remaining editor commands Command Abort Exit editor Find Find next Restore line Save to file Set undo limit Show available memory Show version M68SDBUG D Find and replace Table 4 8 IASM Miscellaneous Commands Keys ESC ALT X lt CTRL gt QF lt CTRL gt QA lt CTRL gt L lt CTRL gt QL lt CTRL gt KN lt CTRL gt JU lt CTRL gt JR lt CTRL gt JV Exit
113. s in the base address window Enter the hexadecimal base address for the module then press lt CR gt The base address window disappears the name and base address of the P file appear in the PRG file selected window Additionally comments from the first few lines of the P file appear in the status window These comments specify the MCU type and module type to which the P file pertains Such comments also identify a special user function if one exists for the P file If somebody has altered the original P file a message so informs you CAUTION Selecting a P file that does not match the current MCU can lead to unpredictable programming results or prevent downloading altogether It could even cause the loss of important data Be sure to select a P file appropriate for your MCU type If you see from the status window comments that you have selected the wrong P file merely select the CM command again to select the correct P file VERSEI For More information On This Product cad Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc PROGRAMMING MCUS AA MOTOROLA EB Erase Byte Range 5 7 4 Erase Byte Range For specific modules this command erases bytes of an MCU memory range that you specify When you select this command prompts ask for the hexadecimal starting and ending addresses of the range When you enter these addresses both of which must be inside the module the system begins erasing bytes W
114. s the editing assembling session You may save any changes to the current file before returning to DOS If you are in a secondary window this key closes the window currently active F7 Comm Opens the communications window Or if this window already is open makes it the active window DOS shell Puts you into DOS Typing EXIT at the DOS prompt returns you to IASM Brings up the main menu system on the bottom line of the screen ae For More Information On This Product VOND PGI Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc AA MOTOROLA IASM OPERATING PROCEDURE 4 4 MENU The IASM menu system contains a highlighted bar along the bottom of the screen To choose a menu item highlight it via the cursor keys or enter the highlighted letter within your choice for example E in Edit To go back to a previous menu or return to the editor press the ESC key Table 4 2 explains menu and submenu choices Table 4 2 ASM Menus Submenu Choice none Returns you to the editor Load Loads a new file If you have changed the current file prompts you to save the file then asks for the name of the file to be loaded Save Saves the file currently in the editor makes a backup file and returns the cursor to its position before you selected Save The backup filename includes the BAK extension Dir Shows the directory listing of all files that fit a specific pattern Enter the pattern at the prompt or press lt CR gt to a
115. s to DOS If an editor file has been modified a prompt asks Sets the size of the undo buffer which stores deleted lines The Description Halts an operation in progress The editor regularly checks the keyboard buffer for the abort command If it finds one the editor empties the buffer and stops the operation whether to save the file If you respond yes the editor saves the file before exiting to DOS Searches for a string as long as 67 characters globally backwards within the current block or ignoring case See text immediately following this table for more details of the find command Searches for a string and replaces it with another string See text immediately following this table for more details of the find and replace command Repeats the last find or find and replace command Undoes any changes to the line that contains the cursor If the cursor has left the line this command does not work Prompts for a file name then saves the file in the current window to the specified file This becomes the new file in the current window This is particularly useful for NONAME ASM files default value is 40 lines but you may change the default via the installation program Shows the amount of RAM available to IASM Displays the current version of IASM 4 15 For More Information On This Product Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc IASM OPERATING PROCEDURE AA MOTOROLA Table 4 8
116. stem shows the current column number overwrite the number to go directly to the new column Alternatively precede the value with or to offset from the current column Go to line lt CTRL gt JL Moves the cursor to the line you enter 132 767 The system shows the current line number overwrite the number to go directly to the new line or end of file Alternatively precede the value with or to offset from the current line 4 10 M68SDBUG D Table 4 5 IASM Cursor Commands For More Information On This Product Go to www freescale com Command Jump to marker 0 9 Line down Line up Page down Page up Previous cursor position Scroll down Scroll up Top of block Top of screen Word left Word right M68SDBUG D Set marker 0 9 Freescale Semiconductor Inc AA MOTOROLA IASM OPERATING PROCEDURE Table 4 5 ASM Cursor Commands continued Keys lt CTRL gt Q0 lt CTRL gt Q9 4 or lt CTRL gt X jj or lt CTRL gt E PgDn or lt CTRL gt C PgUp or lt CTRL gt R lt CTRL gt QP lt CTRL gt Z lt CTRL gt W lt CTRL gt KO lt CTRL gt K9 lt CTRL gt QB lt CTRL gt Home or lt CTRL gt QE lt CTRL gt lt or lt CTRL gt A lt CTRL gt gt or lt CTRL gt F Description Moves the cursor to one of nine previously set invisible markers Moves the cursor down one line may scroll the screen Moves the cursor up one line may
117. tem F6 Download Prompts for a file name then downloads the file through the appropriate serial port This download transfers the file as it is no special protocol is used Moves to the editor window closing an open view file Make the communications window larger or smaller F9 F10 Close Closes the communications window returning control and the full screen to the editor the cursor must be in the current window VERSEI For More information On This Product Aal Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc IASM OPERATING PROCEDURE AA MOTOROLA aoe For More Information On This Product MesSDBUG D Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc AA MOTOROLA PROGRAMMING MCUS CHAPTER 5 PROGRAMMING MCUS 5 1 INTRODUCTION PROGxxS is a software product for programming M68HC12 M68HC16 or M68300 microcontroller MCU devices Use PROGI2S to program any programmable memory module of an M68HC12 MCU use PROGI6S to program any programmable memory module of an M68HC16 MCU or use PROG32S to program any programmable memory module of an M68300 MCU NOTE A module is any programmable memory that is a built in part of an MCU integrated circuit There are several types of modules including EEPROM flash EEPROM block erasable flash EEPROM and TPU EEPROM Modules communicate with the MCU via the intermodule bus a given MCU can have more than one module For more information about the memory modules of a
118. the module a prompt asks whether to continue If you enter Y yes the system verifies the contents of all the S records that do fit This command ignores module contents at addresses the S record does not mention VERSEI For More information On This Product TES Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc PROGRAMMING MCUS AA MOTOROLA VR Verify Range 5 7 18 Verify Range VR This command verifies an MCU memory range that you specify That is the system makes sure that contents of the range match those of the selected S record If you have not yet specified an S record the system prompts for one When you select this command prompts ask for the hexadecimal starting and ending addresses of the range Both these addresses must be inside the module Then the system verifies that contents of each byte or word of the range match the contents of the corresponding S record location If the verification is successful the message Verified appears in the status window Otherwise the status window shows the address and contents of the first location not verified Sap For More information On This Product VOE ORIGI Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc AA MOTOROLA PROGRAMMING MCUS 5 8 TYPICAL PROGRAMMING SEQUENCE Although your specific situation determines the most appropriate programming actions steps 1 through 11 will be typical for most users 1 Use the CM command to choose a module
119. the window show code starting at the specified address The alias of MDF3 is SHOWF3 Examples gt MDF3 200 Start F3 window display with address 200 gt MDF3 myarray Start F3 window display at label myarray 3 48 M68SDBUG D For More Information On This Product Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc AA MOTOROLA DEBUG MONITOR COMMANDS MDF6 Set F6 Window Memory Display 3 2 43 Set F6 Window Memory Display MDF6 add where add Starting address or label for code in the window This command resets the F6 memory window so that the window shows code starting at the specified address In particular this command deactivates the variables window restoring the memory window to the main screen The alias of MDF6 is SHOWF6 Examples gt MDF6 8000 Start F6 window display with address 8000 gt MDF6 table Start F6 window display at label table M68SDBUG D 3 49 For More Information On This Product Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc DEBUG MONITOR COMMANDS AA MOTOROLA MM Modify Memory 3 2 44 Modify Memory MM X add n n where X RAM units B or b bytes W or w words L or l long words add RAM address or label to receive data value n Data to be entered The size is defined by the X option For the SDbug12 this command writes the specified data to the specified memory address For the SDbug16 this command is an alternate form of the DMM com
120. their addresses are not in any particular order in the BR window The BR window pertains to SDbug16 software To see a comparable list of breakpoints for SDbug12 or SDbug32 software enter the BR command without parameters the list appears in the debug window Using the GOTIL o STEPTIL command creates a temporary breakpointthat SDbug16 does not list in the BR window 2 3 5 Code Window The code window at the upper right of the main screen displays code Figure 2 8 bhows the code windows for SDbug12 SDbug16 and SDbug32 VERSEI For More information On This Product ae Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc SDbug OPERATING PROCEDURE AA MOTOROLA CODE F2 AAHS HA O44 48 2079 BGE 0085 ANDCC 8 BGND BGND INX BGND MEM SDbug12 CODE F2 Jys 443C COM 3C B BLE FE B UNDEFINED RMAC 61 86 BITB ORAB LDAB ADCB ADDB SDbug16 CODE F2 PUHAS LOC OORT B HOO DO es PC SUB W lt A gt D MOVE L Di DS CMP B D D3 ASR B 4 DA ORI B 00 DA ORI B 80 D TBLUN B A2 gt D6 66668124 ADD L D3 D4 SDbug32 Figure 2 8 Code Windows ett For More Information On This Product VOE ORIGI Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc AA MOTOROLA SDbug OPERATING PROCEDURE The code windows display code in one of three ways 1 If you have not loaded a map file the code window displays disassembled code The symbol PC at the right edge of the wind
121. tives pertain only to viewing the source code output the directives which may be interspersed anywhere in source code do not affect the actual code assembled Table 4 11 lists these directives Note the character which indicates a mandatory parameter value To invoke a listing directive put a period in column 1 and start the directive in column 2 The directive itself does not appear in the listing file If you want the directive to appear in the listing file use or in column 1 instead of the period Table 4 11 Listing Directives eject Begins a new page or page header Specified string in quotes will be a header on listing pages The header can be defined only once The default header is blank Turns on the lst file output For this directive to work the list choice in the assemble sub menu must be on symbol table from being listed pagelength Sets the length of the page 10 255 lines The default parameter value is 66 pagewidth Sets the width of the output 40 255 columns wordwrapping additional text The default parameter value is 80 subheader Makes the string specified in quotes a subheader on listing pages The subheader takes effect on the next page Turns off the lst file output This directive is the counterpart of the list directive At the end of a file this directive keeps the VERSEI For More information On This Product oes Go to www freesca
122. tor immediately Note that the editor gives all file names the extension ASM as a default If you do not enter a file name the editor starts with the blank file Noname asm when you save this file the editor prompts you to change its name 4 2 IASMINST CONFIGURATION IASMINST EXE is a configuration program for 1 Changing editor commands 2 Choosing a color scheme 3 Setting up assembler parameters 4 Setting up communications parameters To run this program enter gt IASMINST IASM where is the appropriate IASM number 12 16 or 32 First the configuration program lets you modify certain editor parameters In most cases pressing lt CR gt accepts the default value shown The program asks for a DOS string to be executed when you press F6 The F6 key is a dedicated shell to DOS you may leave its definition blank if you wish It is possible to shell directly from IASM to SDbug provided that you have at least 640 kilobytes of memory Next the configuration program prompts for default settings of all items in the ASSEMBLE sub menu Table 4 2 lists menu and sub menu items paragraph 4 7 includes explanations of the ASSEMBLE sub menu items me For More Information On This Product VOB ORG Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc AA MOTOROLA IASM OPERATING PROCEDURE Then the configuration program prompts for default settings of all items in the COMM sub menu Paragraph 4 9 jnclud
123. tors for the code enter a reset command this resets the hardware and initializes the IP and PC correctly gt RESET Reset the hardware The code window shows your code as either disassembled code or actual source code At this point you may start hel S HO To have the F3 or F6 memory windowjdisplay code starting at a useful address enter the SHOWF3 or SHOWF6 command gt SHOWF3 myarray Set location myarray as the start of the F3 window display Now you may begin debugging and testing your code by setting breakpoints or single stepping For example to single step through 80 instructions enter this command gt STEP 50 Single step through 50 80 instructions NOTE For many M68HC16 and M68300 MCUs the watchdog timer is active after a reset Using thd WATCHDOG command disables the timeout preventing watchdog resets from occurring during your debug session ane For More Information On This Product VOE ORIGI Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc AA MOTOROLA DEBUG MONITOR COMMANDS CHAPTER 3 USING DEBUGGER COMMANDS 3 1 INTRODUCTION This chapter explains SDbug debugger commands and covers related information on source level debugging macros and the trace buffer 3 2 DEBUG WINDOW COMMANDS Table 3 1 lists SDbug debug commands noting the CPU types that each command supports Paragraphs 3 2 1 through 3 2 70 are standard format explanations of the individual commands Tabl
124. ts status indications and error messages appear in this window Temporary windows overlay the programming screen when appropriate The most common temporary windows are 5 6 Choose Module This window appears at the center of the programming screen when you select the CM choose module command This window contains the path to the parent directory names of any subdirectories then the names of all P files in the current directory To scroll through this window use the arrow PgUp or PgDn keys When you select a P file this window disappears Help The Topics help window appears near the center of the programming screen when you select the HE help command When you select one of the topics a larger help window appears giving you the appropriate information To exit a help window press the ESC key Base Address This window appears near the right center of the screen when the system prompts for a base address This is the MCU address you want for the module this address should match the address of any S record you will program into the module PROGS also uses the base address to determine the starting and ending addresses for such commands as PM program module SM show module and VM verify module When you enter the address the base address window disappears For More Information On This Product VOB ORG Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc AA MOTOROLA PROGRAMMING MCUS PROG 16 Vers
125. ts of the CPU window the instruction pointer IP window the breakpoint BR window the code window the program F6 memory window the data F3 memory window and the debug F1 window JJ COM 3C X GFEG2 BLE GFEGB G FEG4 UNDEFINED RMAC 61 66 BITB F8 ORAB F6 AM 988008008 LDAB F4 SMHENZUC216S PK B880880080000008 3 FD FC FB FA 3 FD FC FB FA F6 FS F4 F3 F2 F6 F5 F4 F3 F2 EE ED EC EB EA EE ED EC EB EA E6 ES E4 E3 E2 E6 E5 E4 E3 E2 file found 19 record file gt c qa progi2 srecord s_6 s19 Loading GB666B7E loaded gt Fi Debug F2 Code F3 F6 Mem F4 Step F5 Zoom F Trace F8 DOS F9 Repeat Fi Help Figure 2 2 SDbug16 Main Screen VERSEI For More information On This Product eo Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc SDbug OPERATING PROCEDURE AA MOTOROLA Figure 2 3 shows the SDbug32 main screen which consists of the CPU window the code window the program F6 memory window the stack window the data F3 memory window and the debug F1 window CPU G6806000 AA 66600806 AL 4606816C ORI B 66 D0 66600606 A2 66668116 SUB W lt CA gt D 466008000 66608112 MOVE L D1i D5 46800880 66608114 CMP B D D3 66600606 ASR B 4 D0 86800800 ORI B 00 D6 66600886 ORI B 00 DA CCR ttS III amp NZUC TBLUN B A2 gt D PC 6666816C UB HAHAHAHA ADD L D3 D4 MEMORY F6 STACK MEMORY F3 66666606 FF FF FF FF FF RRAKRARK F FF FF 66666668 FF FF FF FF
126. value the system displays the current DEBUGGER_SFC value NOTE This command is only available in SDbug32 Examples gt DEBUGGER_SFC 4 Set SFC alue to 4 gt DEBUGGER_SFC Show current SFC value VERSEI For More information On This Product mal Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc DEBUG MONITOR COMMANDS AA MOTOROLA DFC Set MCU DFC Value 3 2 17 Set MCU DFC Value DFC n where n Destination function code value This command sets the destination function code DFC to the specified n value This new value is valid only while the processor is executing If you are in background debug mode use the DEBUGGER_DFC kommand not the DFC command to set the DFC SDbug uses only the three least significant bits of the n value If you enter this command without an n value the system displays the current DFC value NOTE This command is only available in SDbug32 Examples gt DFC 4 Set DFC value to 4 gt DFC Show current DFC value 3 22 M68SDBUG D For More Information On This Product Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc AA MOTOROLA DEBUG MONITOR COMMANDS DMM Modify RAM Data 3 2 18 Modify RAM Data DMM X add n n where X RAM units B or b bytes W or w words L or l long words add RAM address or label to receive data value n Data to be entered The size is defined by the X option This command writes the spec
127. vance to the next location without changing the present location press lt CR gt To end the assembly session type a period at the prompt You may press thej F10 help key to see the format of assembly language instructions Examples gt ASM 10500 Start assembly at location 10500 10500 274c gt nop Shows disassembly prompts for new opcode M68SDBUG D 3 7 For More Information On This Product Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc DEBUG MONITOR COMMANDS AA MOTOROLA BAUD Set Baud Rate 3 2 4 Set Baud Rate BAUD baud where baud Serial communication speed between 2400 to 57600 Use this command to set the serial communication speed Examples BAUD 57600 Set the communication baud rate at 57600 V oe For More Information On This Product VOE ORIGI Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc AA MOTOROLA DEBUG MONITOR COMMANDS BF Block Fill Memory 3 2 5 Block Fill Memory BF X add add n where X Program space units B or b bytes W or w words L or 1 long words add First parameter fill operation lower limit Second parameter fill operation upper limit n Fill pattern of the size set by the X option This command repeats the value n specifies throughout the specified user memory range An invalid address leads to an error message You may use this command at the beginning of a debug session to initialize an area of memory or an array
128. w a disassembly of the addresses in the trace buffer Use the arrow keys to scroll through the buffer NOTES The trace buffer shows disassembled code not source code using labels whenever possible Tracing through self modifying code does not work properly as the trace shows disassembly of the current memory contents ous For More Information On This Product VOE ORIGI Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc AA MOTOROLA IASM OPERATING PROCEDURE CHAPTER 4 IASM OPERATING PROCEDURE 4 1 INTRODUCTION IASM development software is an editor cross assembler and communications package from P amp E Microcomputer Systems IASM12 is for M68HC12 MCUs IASM16 is for M68HC16 MCUs and IASM32 is for MC68300 MCUs The three applications of each package are blended into a single environment for writing assembling and debugging source code Via SDbug software you can correct source code syntactical errors without leaving the environment The IASM integrated editor is a standard source file editor The integrated cross assembler is optimized for the IASM environment The built in communication environment lets you work with any development system attached to your personal computer You may download and test assembled files during the editing and assembly of original source code The symbol lt CR gt indicates the ENTER RETURN or carriage return key of your keyboard 4 1 1 System Requirements IASM runs under MS DOS on an
129. w is your actual source code If no map file is loaded or if the IP PC points outside source code the code window shows disassembled code Create valid map files via I ASMjor for other high level absolute listings such as C code use LST2MAP per the information in Chapter 4 The code window does not permit editing but does let you set and remove breakpoints The PC and IP SDbug16 or PC SDbug12 SDbug32 values are highlighted in the code window To maneuver within the code window use the keys or key combinations o Hold down the ALT key to see a list of code window commands at the bottom of the screen When you release the ALT key the bottom line reverts to its normal display Note that you may set breakpoints in any module In this context module means your main IASM boutrce code or any include file Even if the module in the code window has no breakpoints the breakpoints remain active in other modules If a break occurs in another such module the module at breakpoint replaces the current module in the display NOTES When appropriate source code debugging automatically reverts to symbolic disassembly Typically this is because the code displayed is not in the map file Code in pseudo ROM from another source is an example If you use ASM SDbug16 or another command to modify code memory the code window does not reflect your changes in source mode The code window does show your changes in disassembly mode SIG F
130. window isplay from hexadecimal bytes to ASCII characters or vice versa VERSEI For More information On This Product oe Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc DEBUG MONITOR COMMANDS AA MOTOROLA ASCIIF6 Toggle F6 Window Display 3 2 2 Toggle F6 Window Display ASCIIF6 This command toggles the F6 window isplay between hexadecimal bytes and ASCII characters The display shows periods in lieu of non printable characters NOTE This command is only available in SDbug32 Example gt ASCIIF6 Change F6 window k isplay from hexadecimal bytes to ASCII characters or vice versa oe For More Information On This Product VOE ORIGI Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc AA MOTOROLA DEBUG MONITOR COMMANDS ASM Assemble into Pseudo ROM 3 2 3 Assemble into Pseudo ROM ASM add where add Starting address or label for assembly This command invokes the one line assembler starting at the specified address This assembler assembles user code including labels provided that the labels are in a previously loaded map file If no map file is loaded you may not use labels The ASM command does not define labels Your entry must start with an opcode During assembly SDbug shows the current instruction in the debug window To modify this instruction type in a new one If the code window shows disassembled code you will see the change immediately To ad
131. you must provide external programming voltage e Code to be programmed into the MCU This code must be in Motorola S record format The rest of this chapter explains how to load PROGS software and how to use the programming commands E For More information On This Product VOND PGI Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc AA MOTOROLA PROGRAMMING MCUS 5 4 STARTING PROGRAMMING PROGS downloads S records to the MCU device That is the code you program into the MCU must be in Motorola S record format If you do not provide a filename extension the system uses the default extension S19 To create S records use an M68HC12 M68HC16 or M68300 assembler or compiler that outputs S records Although you may store S records anywhere on your computer hard drive it is most convenient to store them in the directory that contains the PROGS software or a subdirectory of this directory NOTE To select commands in the programming software use the cursor control keys to highlight your selection alternatively type one or more starting letters to highlight the command To activate the highlighted command press the ENTER RETURN or carriage return key This manual uses the symbol lt CR gt for this key Brackets denote optional parameters To abort a command in progress press the ESC key Pressing the ESC key a second time selects the quit command When you are ready to program MCUs follow steps 1 through 1
132. ype S1 indicating a code data record to be loaded verified at a 2 byte address Hexadecimal 13 indicating that 19 character pairs representing 19 bytes of binary data follow Four character 2 byte address field hexadecimal address 0000 where the 00 following data is to be loaded The next 16 character pairs of the first S1 record are the ASCII bytes of the actual program code data The checksum of the first S1 record The second and third S1 records each also contain 13 19 character pairs These records end with checksums 13 and 52 respectively The fourth S1 record contains 07 character pairs and has a checksum of 92 The explanation of the S9 termination record is S9 03 00 00 FC S record type S9 indicating that it is a termination record Hexadecimal 03 indicating that three character pairs 3 bytes follow The address field zeros Checksum of the S9 record Each printable character in an S record is encoded in a hexadecimal representation ASCII in this example of the binary bits actually transmitted For example Figure A 1 is a diagram of the first S1 record described above M68SDBUG D For More Information On This Product SS Go to www freescale com Freescale Semiconductor Inc S RECORD INFORMATION AA MOTOROLA Ss ADDRESS wo O O wo O O wo O O wo O O 0011 0000 0011 0000 CODE DATA 5 0010 0011 1000 0011 0101 0100 0111 N 00 T ro ne ro

M68SDBUG SERIAL DEBUGGER USER`S MANUAL

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