"user manual"
Contents
1. 2 2 Software Specifications 2 2 1 Nova for Windows 2 2 2 Die Funkbox WinRotor XP 2 2 3 WhyWindowsRP 3 Testing and Optimization of Ground Station D ESS MMA ES a Lire SUR el the nina SAE en 4 Conclusion Appendices A Hardware Documentation B Configurations for Nova for Windows 10 13 15 15 16 17 20 21 23 25 25 26 29 29 31 39 37 38 39 39 40 43 C Test Results Bibliography 52 64 List of Figures 1 1 1 2 1 3 14 2 1 2 2 2 3 24 2 9 2 6 2 7 2 8 2 9 2 10 2 11 2 12 2 13 2 14 2 15 A l B 1 B 2 B 3 B 4 B 5 B 6 B 7 B 8 B 9 Old design of the Ground Station 9 Ground Station Structural Study 11 New design of the Ground Station 13 Block Diagram of the Ground Station 14 Hummel Teletower Jumbo I 17 2M ANTENNE Sie andere te ben he Dent DURE BS ha 18 CCS ANNE IA SN A AN Ne CN ees 20 Yaesu G 5500 Rotator and Controller 22 Rotator Plate Old design 22 Rotator Plate New design 24 WinRotor Computer Interface 24 Preamplifiers o seacaid o ENS a el Lan 26 Specifications of Transceiver IC910H 28 Nova for Windows 29 WinRotorXP General Configuration 32 WinRotorXP2. 12 13 Michael R Owen PhD User s Manual Nova for Windows Northern Lights Software Associates USA Year 2000 http www nlsa com QuakeFinder Inc QuakeSat Earthquake Monitoring CubeSat http www quakefinder com quakesat htm Real Time Satellite Tracking Online Satellite Tracking http www n2yo com 66
3. degrees in elevation and 0 to 360 degrees in azimuth Resolved was related to the cabling pattern Cables are binded in a way that it will never stuck during an automatic tracking movement of 0 to 180 degrees in elevation and 0 to 360 degrees in azimuth The problem was Yaesu G 5500 rotator has a maximum continous duty of 5 minutes and the satelite flyby time is about 15 mins To optimize it while testing WinRotor XP software is optimized to track for the satellite position in every 10 seconds only if the change in Azimuth is more than 2 degress and in Elevation 1 degrees These values are tested and worked with all satellite passes Thus the current supply to the rotator is limited for a small period of time and thus it never exceeds the maximum continous duty level 3 1 Testing Summary While testing the Ground Station several conclusions are made The evalu ation is as follows 1 The testing of the Ground Station is done without installing pream plifiers and is working well in almost all weather conditions and can said to be completely operational But it is recommanded not to use Ground Station in high winds This is for the safety reasons Also high winds effets antenna s pointing towards the satellite resulting in low signal strength 2 Ground Station can start sensing satellite from a low elevation of about less than 10 degrees but to decode the beacons the minimum signal strength required is more than 4 dB This
4. English QUAKESAT Tracking interval 10 seconds Track Startposition Status Nova AZ320 8 EL 42 9 RR 4 7889397924 AHN Figure 2 15 WinRotorXP Satellite Tracking with NOVA 36 Chapter 3 Testing and Optimization of Ground Station Testing of the Ground Station is done with a CubeSat Satellite QuakeSat QuakeSat is a small satellite 4 x4 x12 launched on June 30 2003 and provides proof of concept for collecting ULF earthquake precursor sig nals from space The design was based on the CubeSat concept where each CubeSat is 4 x4 x4 QuakeSat is in fact a triple CubeSat to provide a large enough size to include a one foot long magnetometer that extends on a telescoping boom The satellite was built by the Space Systems Development Laboratory at Stanford University under the direction of Professor Robert Twiggs with the receiver unit provided by QuakeFinder QUAKESAT NORAD ID 27845 Int 1 Code 2003 031F Perigee 818 km Apogee 832 km Inclination 98 7 Degrees Period 101 4 min Launch date 2003 06 30 Source United States US Comments Nanosatellite research on early warning for earthquakes Beacons Frequency 436 675 MHz AX 25 packets at a baudrate of 9600bps While testing the first problem resolved was the matching values of the actual elevation and azimuth positions with the software values Calibrated the software for rotator movement to work exactly from 0 to 180 37
5. Maximum Elevation 22 degress LOS Azimuth 354 degress Table C 5 Testing Satellite Script 13Dec2006 99 18 13 41 18 12 58 18 12 14 18 11 31 18 10 48 18 10 05 18 08 22 TO AE 2 1 Beacons 12 Dec 2006 Figure C 3 Test Beacons 12Dec2006 Number of Beacons received 14 tncde2 tnc4e2 tncde2 tncde2 tnc4e2 tnc4e2 tncde2 tncde2 tncde2 tnc4e2 tnc4e2 tnc4e2 tnc4e2 tnc4e2 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 16 11 42 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 16 11 53 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 16 12 12 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 16 12 23 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 16 12 43 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 16 13 12 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 16 13 22 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 16 13 32 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 16 13 42 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 16 13 52 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 16 14 02 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 16 14 13 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 16 14 23 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 16 14 42 56 16 15 36 16 14 53 16 14 10 16 13 26 16 12 43 16 12 00 16 11 17 16 10 34 10 11 12 13 14 Beacons 13 Dec 2006 Figure C 4 Test Beacons on 13Dec2006 13 December 2006 AOS Time 17 46 29 Local Time LOS Time 18 02 01 Local Time Duration 00 15 32 hrs AOS Azimuth 169 degrees Max
6. SE DEE Max El 20 e NU PSLV DEB PSLV DEB aS Configure default view LOS Az 154 RAAsc Node 334 62200000 PSLV DEB PSLY RIB are PSLV DEB PSLY RIB Sa Eccentricity 0 00091260 PSLVY DEB PSLY RIB PSLV DEB PSLY RIB Arg of perigee 340 95330000 PSLV DEB PSLV RIB PSLV DEB Quakesa Mean anomaly 19 12920000 PSLV DEB UIC Mean motion 14 20063416 PSLY DEB QUIKSCAT PSLV DEB RADARSAT Decayrate 0 00000126 PSLV DEB BADEA Epoch orbit 17644 PSLV DEB RADIATION SAT 5E 1 ALat fo z ALon fo zi YA Derived Add Sched Figure B 3 Nova for Windows Configuring Satellites To update Keplerian elements or to get related help click on Kep El ements Refer figure 2 14 Fourth step is to choose the Current View in order to see Satellite and Observer Ground Station position all together This provides a feature of selecting multiple Satellites and Observation points on the map at the same time The path is Views and then Configure current view and then Satellites or Observes or Map or Text Refer figures 2 15 and 2 16 45 Nova for Windows ver 2 2b registered to Informatik VII University of Wuerzburg Germany File Setup Views Utilities AutoTracking Kep Elements Help a Jur 06 12 10 18 50 14 Loc Disk file update gt Internet update gt Kep element extractor Kep element help 3 Rebuild database File Setup Views
7. The reason was the compatibility of this software with the WinRotor computer interface for automatic satellite tracking Also Nova for Windows provides live update from Internet and is easy to configure fe Rotator G 5500 Antenna Preamplifiers Transceiver IC310H Ground Station Computers Yaesu Rotator Controller Figure 1 4 Block Diagram of the Ground Station Department of Informatics VII Robotics and Telematics at the Uni versity of Wuerzburg is the financing body for this Ground Station project 14 Chapter 2 Construction Construction followed in two parts first one covered the Hardware and Electronics and the second covered the Software requirements of the GS Package 2 1 Hardware Specifications Altitude 310 meters Tower Hummel Teletower Jumbo III Operating frequencies 2m and 70 cms amateur bands One 2 meter antenna M2 2MCP22 One 70 cms antenna M2 436CP22U G Antenna rotator and Controller Yaesu G 5500 Rotator Computer Interface WinRotor Rotator Computer Interface driver WinRotor XP Radio TNC4e Polarisation switch WiMO Preamplifiers LNA 145 SLN Series Tranceiver ICOM IC 910H Power Supply Microset 13 5 Volts Two PCs Fujitsu Siemens Table 2 1 Hardware Specifications Table 15 2 1 1 Hummel Teletower Jumbo III The Hummel Tower is the main b
8. 18Dec2006 64 List of Tables 1 1 New Ground Station Specifications 7 2 1 Hardware Specifications Table 15 2 2 Hummel Teletower Jumbo III 16 2 8 Parking Po AA Wa AA 16 2 4 2 meter Antenna Specifications 19 2 5 70 cms Antenna Specifications 21 2 6 Yaesu G 5500 Rotator and Controller s Specifications 23 2 7 Specification Table Preamplifier LNA 145 MK IL 25 2 8 Specification Table Preamplifier LNA 435 MK II 26 2 9 Specifications Table TNC4e 27 2 10 Software Specifications Table 29 A 1 Connections at Rotator Controller 40 A 2 Connections at Rotator Controller 40 A 3 Connections at Rotator s Metal Plug 41 A 4 Connections at Rotator s Metal Plug 42 C 1 Testing Satellite Script O8Dec2006 52 C 2 Testing Satellite Script 11Dec2006 53 C 3 Testing Satellite Script 11Dec2006 53 C 4 Testing Satellite Script 12Dec2006 55 C 5 Testing Satellite Script 13Dec2006 55 C 6 Testing Satellite Script 13Dec2006 57 C 7 Testing Satellite Script 14Dec2006 58 C 8 Testing Satellite Script 14Dec2006 59 C9 Testing Satellite Script 15Dec2006 61 C 10 Testing
9. 42 298 17866 xI 06 12 10 22 17 30 22 30 08 00 12 36 01 41 37 154 5960 XI V 06 12 10 23 54 50 00 08 48 00 13 58 01 24 41 207 5964 xI 06 12 11 01 33 12 01 43 49 00 10 37 01 24 23 259 5965 Quakesat 06 12 11 05 17 59 05 31 08 00 13 08 03 34 10 145 17867 Quakesat 06 12 11 06 57 42 07 13 16 00 15 34 01 26 34 198 17873 XI V 06 12 11 07 52 56 08 01 10 00 08 14 00 39 39 9 5966 Quakesat 06 12 11 08 38 23 08 51 35 00 13 11 00 37 12 247 17874 XI V 06 12 11 09 26 54 09 40 07 00 13 13 00 35 19 353 5969 Quakesat 06 12 11 10 20 08 10 26 00 00 05 52 00 40 01 305 17875 XI V 06 12 11 11 04 22 11 17 48 00 13 26 00 38 21 339 5970 30 passes in Script list Script should be recalculated 1 passes selected SelectAll UnselectAll Auto Select Figure B 9 Nova for Windows Satellite Script Frequency display It also displays the Uplink and Downlink Frequencies with the Doppler value for the particular selected satellite To check this the path is Utilities and then Frequency display Refer figure 2 20 49 Nova for Windows ver 2 2b registered to Informatik VII University of Wuerzburg Germany File Setup Views Utilities AutoTracking Kep Elements Help Gi MATANE tro Two Sat visibility Eclipses Moon Graphs Internet time set Quakesat Uplink Downlink Freq 00 000 000 maz a386 311 MH satellite ese MHz ns MHz Doppler 0 000
10. Table Preamplifier LNA 145 MK II 25 f ANTENNA LOW NOISE GAAS FET PREAMP ror LNA 145 MK II LOW NOISE GAAS FET PREAMP LNA 435 LT aloe TAi imwe he Mend or a 42V REC IER j LNA 435 MK II Figure 2 8 Preamplifiers LNA 435 MKI Frequency Range 430 440 MHz Noise Figure typical 20 deg C 0 25 dB Gain typical 22 dB Socket N Female Operating Voltage 15 V DC Current Drain 25 mAmp Dimensions 74 x 56 x 30 mm Weight 150 gms Table 2 8 Specification Table Preamplifier LNA 435 MK II 2 1 8 Transceiver IC 910H and TNC4e The IC 910H is an all mode satellite radio It is compact and lightweight for field operation The IC 910H features a powerful 100 W of output on 2 meter band and 75 W on 430 440 band provided by the newly designed power amplifier circuit which employs bipolar transistors in parallel The combination of the aluminium die cast chassis and effective cooling fan en sures stable output for continuous operation 26 In the satellite mode the downlink and uplink frequencies are displayed simultaneously on the main and sub bands respectively Doppler shift com pensation is also available Up to ten satellites memory channels are there to store uplink downlink frequencies and operating mode Also the Transceiver IC 910H can also be connected with a PC using a RS 232 cable TNC is Terminal Node Co
11. Typical Feed impedance 50 W Unbalanced VSWR 1 5 1 and better Input Connector N Female Power Handling 1 0 KW Turning radius 88 El 138 Az Wind Area 2 sq ft Mast Size 1 5 to 2 Inches Weight ShipWt 7 8 lbs 10 Ibs UPS Table 2 5 70 cms Antenna Specifications rotator and wirings on the ground before installing it on the tower Please refer Appendix B for the connection documentation 2 1 4 Rotator Plate The antenna rotator Yaesu G 5500 is installed onto a metal plate which serves as connecting piece between rotator and Hummel Teletower This metal plate guarantees a fixed connection between the antenna rotator and the Hummel Teletower Thus will at the same time structurally separate the antenna construction from the Hummel Teletower The old rotator s plate is redesigned for the new rotator with few modifi cations as per requirement Figures 2 5 and 2 6 can more illustrate it 21 Figure 2 4 Yaesu G 5500 Rotator and Controller 175mm 69 69 mm 72 mm 14 mm 8 5mm Old design of the Metal Plate of the Antenna Rotator Figure 2 5 Rotator Plate Old design This plate is fixed on the tower using M10 screws which provides it sta bility to hold the rotator and antenna while the tracking movement 22 Power Supply Voltage 117 VAC 50 60 Hz Power Supply Current Consumption 120 VA Rotor Voltage 24 VAC Cable Co
12. kHz Fe Transmit af Ex et frequency 00 000 000 MHz 436 657 423 MHz RX Linkage Not linked X Select Default name X Hl close da Satellite el 4 S al al i Figure B 10 Nova for Windows Frequency Display To enable Auto Tracking with Nova for Windows the first step is to select the type of Antenna Rotator from the Rotator Interface list The path is AutoTracking and then Antenna Rotator Setup and then Interface Select the Rotator Interface from the available list For the Ground Station at Informatics VII University of Wuerzburg WinRotor is the Rotator Interface For Yaesu G 5500 azimuth rotator range is 0 to 360 degrees and elevation rotator range is 0 to 180 degrees Refer figure 2 21 50 Nova for Windows ver 2 2b registered to Informatik VII University of Wuerzburg Germany File Setup Views Utilities AutoTracking Kep Elements Help Setup Antenna Rotator Interface General Calibration Advanced Display m Rotator Interface Azimuth rotator CSMR Sukti Sound alarms for AutoTracking lt Nointerface gt C Range 180 0 180 Re St 6 km utoTrackine lt No interface Range 0 360 A 831 5km Kansas City Tracker 20 33 26 Loc SASI Sat Tracker Los time AEA ST 1 Absolute seo 4 Orbit Elect RIF PC maymun M2 RC2800P old ct M2 RC2800P new solute TrakBox RACBOS minimum P EasyComm FODTrack Elev
13. to the computer Yaesu G 5500 23 8 5mm New design of the Metal Plate of the Antenna Rotator Figure 2 6 Rotator Plate New design controller and WinRotor Interface is shown in figure 2 7 Figure 2 7 WinRotor Computer Interface 24 2 1 6 Cabling Cabling pattern is another basic requirement of the Ground Station This is important to bind the Antenna and Rotator cables in a pattern so that it will not stuck at any time during the tracking operation of 0 360 degrees azimuth and 0 180 degrees elevation movements all together 2 1 7 Preamplifiers The LNA series for 2 m and 70 cm has a silver plated brass housing and a tuneable nand pass filter with air coils and high Q trimmers at the output The amplifiers are not used only for amateur radio but on different frequen cies also for professional applications for example in radio astronomy as preamplifiers in company radio networks and for increasing the sensitivity of repeaters In addition to the extremely low noise figure also the good electrical sta bility no self excitation should be emphasised as well as the very large signal behaviour Preamplifier Specifications LNA 145 MK I Frequency Range 144 148 MHz Noise Figure typical 20 deg C 0 2 dB Gain typical 23 dB Socket N Female Operating Voltage 15 V DC Current Drain 25 mAmp Dimensions 74 x 56 x 30 mm Weight 150 gms Table 2 7 Specification
14. under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial 3 0 License http creativecommons org licenses by nc 3 0 Publisher Published by HCTL Open Publications Solutions Bhopal MP India Email director hctl org editor_tdr hctl org Website http tdr hctl org AA Information wiht Ill JI 51608 cee 5 PDF version 978 1 62951 608 0 ISBN 10 ne version 1 62951 608 2 Unique Reference No TDR_MThesis_201406001 e Version Online available at www hctl org tdr 2014 TDR_MThesis_201406001 pdf Cite this e Book as Raj Gaurav Mishra Development of a Ground Station GS Package Suited for Spacecraft Operation Control and Optimization for Satellite Flyby over the Ground Station Master Thesis HCTL Open Thesis and Dissertation Repository ISBN PDF version 978 1 62951 608 0 HCTL Open Publications Solutions India e ISBN PDF version 978 1 62951 608 0 D edicated to my Loving Grand Parents amp Parents with H eartfelt Gratitude and Love Development of a GS Package suited for Spacecraft Operation Control and Optimization methods for Satellite flyby over the Ground Station Raj Gaurav Mishra January 12 2007 Abstract Development of a Ground Station Package suited for Spacecraft Operation Control and Optimization methods for Satellite flyby over the Ground Sta tion is a Master thesis project done at Julius Maximilian University of Wuerzburg Department of Informatics
15. 13 WinRotorXP Tracking Modus Tracking position can be defined by going on menu Options and then Tracking position Parking position is said to be a final position of antennas at parking and while quitting the application For the Ground Station at Informatics VIT University of Wuerzburg Parking position is set at 90 degrees Azimuth and 120 degrees Elevation Refer figure 2 26 And when the tracking command is ON It can be stopped at any point of time by clicking on the cancel button Also current azimuth and elevation positions of antennas can also be seen manually on the rotator controller screen during the tracking process 34 DIE FUNKBOX WINROTOR XP General Tracking Mode Calibration Controlbar Longpath Define aimposition U Tracking Azimuth Elevation Name Longpath DES TN E JV Use parkposition on exit from WinRotor EER Controlbar Almposition 2 10 90 Relaisstatio fl Quit Aimposition 34 a A Aimposition a a Relaisstetio Aimposition 5 FN Show positionbuttons 86 Abbruch Figure 2 14 WinRotorXP Tracking and Parking Positions 2 2 3 Why Windows XP 1 As it matched with the WinRotor XP and Nova for Windows sys tem s requirements 2 Reinstallations of the software are easy 3 Easy to maintain 35 DIE FUNKBOX WINROTOR XP Tracking i Vg SAT Tracking NOVA 2 1 2 2 azimu 320 Elevation 42 a a ney CA Relaisstatio Tracking satellite
16. 2006 64 Bibliography 10 ICOM Armin Lediger Master Thesis Aufbau einer Bodenstation Au gust 2005 Lehrstuhl for Robotik und Telematik Bayerische Julius Maximilians University of Wuerzburg Rajesh Shankar Priya Dr Prof Klaus Schilling Component Based Ground Station Network using Modular and Distributed Systems July 2006 at The 1st International Workshop on Ground Sta tion Network University Space Engineering Consortium July 2006 Tokyo Japan Ground Station Presentation documents The 1st International Workshop on Ground Station Network University Space Engineer ing Consortium July 2006 Tokyo Japan July 2006 Wikipedia The online encyclopedia http en wikipedia org Hummel Al Towers Hummel Teletower Jumbo III http www hummel towers de Germany M2 Antenna Systems Inc 2MCP22 Circ Pol Antenna http www m2inc com products vhf 2m 2mep22 html and 436CP42 U G Circ Pol Yagi http www m2inc com products uhf 70cm 436ug html Yaesu Musen Co Ltd Instruction Manual G 5500 http www yaesu com Die Funkbox WinRotor Interface and WinRotor XP http www funkbox de Germany SSB Electronic GmbH Iserlohn Germany Pream plifiers INA and SLN Series http www ssb amateur de englisch amsat Inpreamp html Inc Osaka Japan Instruction Manual VHF UHF All mode Transceiver IC 910H http www icomeurope com 65 11
17. 34 Local Time Beacons 08 Dec 2006 Figure C 1 Test Beacons on 08Dec2006 11 December 2006 AOS Time 15 08 46 Local Time LOS Time 15 19 13 Local Time Duration 00 10 26 hrs AOS Azimuth 87 degrees Maximum Elevation 8 degress LOS Azimuth 1 degress Table C 2 Testing Satellite Script 11Dec2006 11 December 2006 AOS Time 16 45 23 Local Time LOS Time 17 00 18 Local Time Duration 00 14 55 hrs AOS Azimuth 139 degrees Maximum Elevation 40 degress LOS Azimuth 351 degress Table C 3 Testing Satellite Script 11Dec2006 93 Number of Beacons received 1 tnc4e2 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 15 13 45 Number of Beacons received 14 tncde2 tnc4e2 tnc4e2 tnc4e2 tnc4e2 tnc4e2 tnc4e2 tnc4e2 tnc4e2 tnc4e2 tnc4e2 tnc4e2 tnc4e2 tnc4e2 16 53 46 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 16 50 41 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 16 50 51 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 16 51 01 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 16 51 11 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 16 51 20 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 16 51 31 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 16 51 40 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 16 51 51 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 16 52 01 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 16 52 12 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 16 52 20 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB
18. 55 09 tnc4e2 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 15 55 29 Test Beacons 14 Dec 2006 Figure C 6 Test Beacons on 14Dec2006 14 December 2006 AOS Time 17 27 10 Local Time LOS Time 17 42 42 Local Time Duration 00 15 31 hrs AOS Azimuth 159 degrees Maximum Elevation 81 degress LOS Azimuth 346 degress Table C 8 Testing Satellite Script 14Dec2006 59 Number of Beacons received 12 tncde2 tncde2 tncde2 tncde2 tnc4e2 tnc4e2 tnc4e2 tnc4e2 tnc4e2 tnc4e2 tnc4e2 tnc4e2 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 17 32 33 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 17 32 44 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 17 32 55 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 17 33 03 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 17 33 14 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 17 33 23 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 17 33 34 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 17 33 54 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 17 34 04 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 17 34 13 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 17 34 24 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 17 34 34 tO Soh So 6 7 6 9 10 11 72 Test Beacons 14 Dec 2006 Figure C 7 Test Beacons on 14Dec2006 60 15 December 2006 AOS Time 17 08 00 Local Time LOS Time 17 23 21 Local Time Duration 00 15 21 hrs AOS Azimuth 150 degrees Maximum Elevation 58 degress LOS Azimuth 348 degress Table
19. 7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 16 17 08 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 16 17 17 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 16 17 27 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 16 17 47 62 16 18 03 16 17 46 16 17 28 16 17 11 16 16 54 16 16 36 16 16 19 16 16 02 4 16 15 45 JF 16 15 27 16 15 10 Test Beacons 18 Dec 2006 Figure C 9 Test Beacons on 18Dec2006 18 December 2006 AOS Time 17 27 10 Local Time LOS Time 17 42 42 Local Time Duration 00 15 31 hrs AOS Azimuth 159 degrees Maximum Elevation 81 degress LOS Azimuth 346 degress Table C 11 Testing Satellite Script 18Dec2006 63 Number of Beacons received 12 tncde2 tncde2 tncde2 tncde2 tnc4e2 tnc4e2 tnc4e2 tnc4e2 tnc4e2 tnc4e2 tnc4e2 tnc4e2 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 16 50 41 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 16 50 51 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 16 51 01 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 16 51 11 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 16 51 20 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 16 51 31 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 16 51 40 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 16 51 51 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 16 52 01 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 16 52 12 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 16 52 20 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 16 52 31 Test Beacons 18 Dec 2006 Figure C 10 Test Beacons on 18Dec
20. C 9 Testing Satellite Script 15Dec2006 Number of Beacons received 13 tncde2 tncde2 tncde2 tncde2 tncde2 tncde2 tncde2 tncde2 tncde2 tnc4e2 tnc4e2 tnc4e2 tnc4e2 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 17 13 10 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 17 13 19 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 17 13 29 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 17 13 41 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 17 13 51 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 17 14 01 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 17 14 10 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 17 14 20 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 17 14 30 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 17 14 40 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 17 14 50 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 17 14 59 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 17 15 10 61 17 15 22 17 14 38 17 13 55 17 13 12 17 12 29 17 11 46 2 53 4 S82 6 26 9 HT 1253 Test Beacons 15 Dec 2006 Figure C 8 Test Beacons on 15Dec2006 18 December 2006 AOS Time 17 27 10 Local Time LOS Time 17 42 42 Local Time Duration 00 15 31 hrs AOS Azimuth 159 degrees Maximum Elevation 81 degress LOS Azimuth 346 degress Table C 10 Testing Satellite Script 18Dec2006 Number of Beacons received 6 tncde2 tncde2 tncde2 tncde2 tncde2 tncde2 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 16 16 07 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 16 16 57 fm KD
21. DEVELOPMENT OF GROUND STATION GS PACKAGE SUITED FOR SPACECRAFT OPERATION CONTROL AND OPTIMIZATION FOR SATELLITE FLYBY OVER THE GROUND STATION RAJ GAURAV MISHRA DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATICS VII ROBOTICS AND TELEMATICS JULIUS MAXIMILIANS UNIVERSITY OF WUERZBURG GERMANY Development of a Ground Station GS Package Suited for Spacecraft Operation Control and Optimization for Satellite Flyby over the Ground Station HCTL OPEN THESIS AND DISSERTATION REPOSITORY SERIES IN ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY MASTER THESIS Raj Gaurav Mishra Faculty Member The ICFAI University Dehradun Uttarakhand India Here A OPEN International Open Access Publishing 23 JUNE 2014 HCTL OPEN THESIS AND DISSERTATION REPOSITORY HCTL OPEN TDR HCTL Open Thesis and Dissertation Repository HCTL Open TDR Year 2014 Title Information Development of a Ground Station GS Package Suited for Spacecraft Operation Control and Optimization for Satellite Flyby over the Ground Station by Raj Gaurav Mishra Date of Online Publishing 23 June 2014 About this e Book This e book is a Master Thesis submitted by Raj Gaurav Mishra to the Department of Informatics VII Robotics and Telematics Julius Maximilians University of Wuerzburg Germany in the year 2007 Copyright and License Information Copyright of this e book retains with author s and their respective organization s This e book is an open access document distributed
22. PHONES connector 3 conductor 6 35 d mm 14 Ext SP connectors 2 conductor 3 5 d mm 187 18 x 2 for MAIN and SUB 1200 MHz All stated specifications are typical and subject to change without notice or obligation Figure 2 9 Specifications of Transceiver IC910H 28 2 2 Software Specifications Satellite Tracking Programme Nova for Windows Rotator Computer Interfacing software WinRotor XP Operating System Windows XP Table 2 10 Software Specifications Table 2 2 1 Nova for Windows Nova for Windows is owned by Northern Lights Software Associates NLSA and is an innovative map based satellite tracking system It features over 150 realistic 256 color and 16 bit colour maps unlimited numbers of satellites observers and views as well as real time control of antennas through several popular hardware interfaces About Nova for Windows Nova for Windows ver 2 2b Northern Lights Software Associates P O Box 321 Copyright 1996 2005 NLSA nlsa nlsa com Jamesville NY 13078 All rights reserved http nisa com A E k Display this Fi Continue Copyright JL Et startup a Figure 2 10 Nova for Windows 29 Some Useful features 1 2 3 OO N 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Visually stunning maps multiple sizes Unlimited numbers of satellites observers and views simultaneously Tracks all artificial satellites Moon
23. Rotator Calibration 33 WinRotorXP Tracking Modus 34 WinRotorXP Tracking and Parking Positions 39 WinRotorXP Satellite Tracking with NOVA 36 Connections at Yaesu Rotator and Controller Al Nova for Windwos Configuring View 44 Nova for Windows Configuring Observer 44 Nova for Windows Configuring Satellites 45 Nova for Windows TLE Updation 46 Nova for Windows Current View Observer 46 Nova for Windows Current View Satellite A7 Nova for Windows Satellite Footprints 47 Nova for Windows Floating Toolbar 48 Nova for Windows Satellite Script 49 B 10 Nova for Windows Frequency Display 50 B 11 Nova for Windows Antenna Rotator Setup 51 B 12 Nova for Windows Further Help 51 C 1 Test Beacons on 08Dec2006 53 C 2 Test Beacons on 11Dec2006 54 C 3 Test Beacons 12Dec2006 56 C 4 Test Beacons on 13Dec2006 57 C 5 Test Beacons on 13Dec2006 58 C 6 Test Beacons on 14Dec2006 59 C 7 Test Beacons on 14Dec2006 60 C 8 Test Beacons on 15Dec2006 62 C 9 Test Beacons on 18Dec2006 63 C 10 Test Beacons on
24. Satellite Script 18Dec2006 62 C 11 Testing Satellite Script 18Dec2006 63 Chapter 1 Introduction Ground Station at University of Wuerzburg Department of Informatics VIT is situated at the east of Wuerzburg on a hill which is approximately 310 meters above the river Main level The antenna tower is situated on the Department s roof which is infact a most suitable position to operate the Ground Station The satellite ground station at the University of Wuerzburg is built with commercial off the shelf low cost amateur radio hardware It opens up opportunities for Students to operate CubeSats As any other satellite ground station it is built upon essential hardware as there are Antenna Antenna Rotator Radio and Modem Furthermore software is used to afford basic control over the ground station and provide tracking abilities to follow a satellite passing over the ground station The basic ground station is composed of 4 main components an Antenna with antenna rotator a Radio a Modem and Computer Each of these devices fulfils essential operations 1 Antenna An antenna is an arrangement of electrical conductors designed to transmit or receive radio waves which is a class of electromagnetic waves It is mounted upon a rotator which provides the possibility to move the antenna to any position by editing its azimuth and ele vation angle This antenna rotator is further connected wit
25. Sun planets and celestial noise sources Fast accurate clear satellite positions Built in Auto Tracking support for all popular antenna control inter faces Floating docking toolbar for easy access to common functions Context sensitive online help Multi level configuration setup screens Text listings to screen printer or disk file Configurable Satellite Script for priority tracking Two satellite mutual visibility including 1 and 2 observer 2 satellite mutual windows Satellite eclipse predictions Full Moon data for EME 2 000 city DXCC and EME databases included Fully Year 2000 Y2K compliant Sound alarms for AOS and LOS Built in FTP for download of Keplerian elements 1 600 stars and constellations included System requirements 1 2 3 Pentium or similar fast processor a 386 or 486 will work but slowly Microsoft Windows 95 98 ME NT 2000 or Windows XP Video 640x480 256 colours required 1024x768 16 bit colour pre ferred At least 12 MB hard disk drive storage for full installation 30 2 2 2 Die Funkbox WinRotor XP WinRotor XP is a software driver for the WinRotor computer Interface man ufactured by Die Funkbox in Germany WinRotor XP provides the control to the antenna rotator movements with the help of WinRotor computer in terface and also works under DDE Dynamic Data Exchange mode with Nova for Windows to provide complete automatic scri
26. Utilities AutoTracking Kep Elements Help E poe gt Configuration for Current View Informatik Vil Uni Vuerzburg Informatik VII Uni VWuerzburg gt Delete all setup observers 2 1 Update Observer s from file B DAR DER 2 Sats XI V Azimuth 345 6 Elevation 22 4 Range 6 383 4 km Height 694 6 km AOS time 22 17 24 Loc LOStime 22 30 00 Loc Until 03 27 09 Duration AOS Az Max El Quakesat 185 8 16 3 5 568 2 km 8224 km 18 45 19 Loc 18 59 45 Loc 00 06 02 00 14 25 199 26 337 Figure B 5 Nova for Windows Current View Observer On the Map Footprint of the satellite s and the Ground Station s po sition s can be easily found Refer figure 2 17 On the Right hand side of the screen Real time text data of the con 46 7 Nova for Windows ver 2 2b registered to Informatik VII University of Wuerzburg Germany File Setup Views Utilities AutoTracking Kep Elements Help g mi NPA Create new view Configuration for Current View Configure default view Zi en View style La 46 3 5 568 2 km 8224km su ABRIKAS A 18 45 19 Loc ER 18 59 45 Loc f 00 06 02 00 14 25 Simple mode ht 2 a 199 satellites Delete All AMC 1 GE 1 AMC 10 GE 10 satellites fe Sats Up Set Up Satellites 8 Set Up Groups Figure B 6 Nova for Windows Current View Satellite ce
27. VII Robotics and Telematics Ger many from June to Dec 2006 The CubeSat satellite ground station at the University of Wuerzburg is built with commercial of the shelf low cost amateur radio hardware It opens up opportunities for students to receive and operate CubeSats includ ing Wuerzburgs UWE 1 As any other satellite ground station it is built up on essential hardware as there are Antenna Antenna Rotator Radio Modem and Computers Fur thermore software is used to afford basic control over the ground station and provide tracking abilities to follow a satellite passing over the ground station The main aim of this project is to redesign the ground station system for satellite tracking and to overcome the related problems of the existing system Contents 1 Introduction 1 1 Old design of the Ground Station 1 2 Ground Station Structural Study 1 3 New Planned Structure 2 Construction 2 1 Hardware Specifications 2 1 1 Hummel Teletower Jumbo IT 22 Antennas ER i E RO A Le Neds Ae Be Gh Jo ae 2 1 3 Yaesu G 5500 Azimuth Elevation Rotator and Con troller Surasi a hice NE Ale et ee ROE eb 8 aa 2Ac4 Rotator Plate s burs da seo ee ea Bn Oe ck be 2 1 5 Rotator Computer Interface AGO SMa i os tee a ARE ane DE cage ae i ARTE a 2 1 7 Preamplifiers 2 1 8 Transceiver IC 910H and TNC4e
28. ase of the Ground Station which is located on the roof of the Department of Informatics VI Robotics and Telematics at University of Wuerzburg Germany It provides the platform to the GS to perform the tracking and telemetry operations The Hummel Teletower lifts the antennas up to a height of approximately 12 meters above the roof terrace with which the antenna achieves its own functional height A transportation carriage is installed to the Teletower which carries en tire antenna construction including the antenna rotator On the back of the transportation carriage a switchbox is installed which can be moved together with the carriage and in which some electronic components necessary for the signal receptions such as Preamplifiers are accommodated Manufacturer Hummel Al Towers Model Number Teletower Jumbo III Altitude 310 meters Table 2 2 Hummel Teletower Jumbo III The antenna assembly is moved down with the help of transportation carriage when not in use to a park position which is on roof height and at which antennas are not exposed to strongly arising storms The Parking Position is Azimuth 90 Degrees Elevation 120 Degrees Table 2 3 Parking Position Parking position is for maintenance and repair work and for the protection of the antennas against strong wind and weather The software at the Ground 16 7 7 y A B 4 Fa 5y VA E 5 yi AA Figure 2 1 Humme
29. ation rotator NovaComm 1 ODE only Range 0 90 ZL2AMD s Uni Trac ZL2AMD s Uni Trac 2003 Range 0 180 ZL2AMD s Nova Tune Yaesu GS 232A Kenpro KR 010 Meade LX200 telescope LabJack U12 Absolute 180 maximum Minimum elev for tracking Figure B 11 Nova for Windows Antenna Rotator Setup More help regarding Nova for Windows can be available from help of the display window or please refer its detailed brochure Refer figure 2 22 Nova for Windows ver 2 2b registered to Informatik VII University of Wuerzburg Germany DEAR Fie Setup Views Utilities AutoTracking Kep Elements Help 06 12 10 19 09 57 Loc nenene DAR NLSA on the Web About Nova for Windows Figure B 12 Nova for Windows Further Help 51 Appendix C Test Results Eleven tests are documented in a duration of 10 days from 08 Dec 2006 to 18 Dec 2006 Testing summary is as follows 08 December 2006 AOS Time 16 04 08 Local Time LOS Time 16 17 42 Local Time Duration 00 13 33 hrs AOS Azimuth 118 degrees Maximum Elevation 21 degress LOS Azimuth 355 degress Table C 1 Testing Satellite Script 08Dec2006 Number of Beacons received 3 tnc4e2 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 16 10 18 tnc4e2 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 16 10 28 tnc4e2 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 16 10 57 52 16 11 08 16 11 00 16 10 51 16 10 42 16 10
30. command box set the azimuth value to the full left 0 degrees and elevation to 0 degrees Now click on the box New Value a set of new values of azimuth and elevation 31 DIE FUNKBOX WINROTOR XP Jeneral Tracking Mode Calibration Controlbar Longpath Interface connection use IF1 Tracking position Rotor settings Azimuth rotator horizontal Stop North 0 South 180 Tracking tolerance 2 Rotor Limit the range with new bordervalue PR Y Settings Minimum jo 3 Maximum 360 Kz Calibration Controlbar Elevation rotator vertical Vv Rotorscript configuration tolerance f Rotor Aim amp parkposition pe F ass KE MY Limit the range with new bordervalue Delay of Relais English gt Minimum 0__ Maximum 180 Jo ALES RAGGA gt Voice on off ff Permanent rotorcheck 2 Kima Figure 2 11 WinRotorXP General Configuration are displayed next to the box new value Inscribe these values on the line left border 2 Set azimuth to 180 degrees and elevation to 90 degrees click on the box new value and inscribe the values thus obtained on the line middle value 3 Carry out the same operation for azimuth at full right 360 degrees and elevation 180 degrees inscribe the values on the line right border Click on the box save values which will put the measured values in the
31. d range is 1240 0 1300 0 MHz Mode USB LSB CW FM FM N Not available in 1200 MHz 212 99 regular 6 scan edges 1 calls for each band plus 10 satellite memories SO 239 50 2 VHF Type N 50 Q UHF 0 480 0 440 0 No of memory Ch Antenna connector Usable temp range 10 C to 60 C 14 F to 140 F Frequency stability Less than 3 ppm 10 to 60 C 14 to 140 F 1 Hz minimum 13 8 VDC 15 negative ground Current drain at 13 8 V DC approx Frequency resolution Power supply Transmit Max power 23 0 A Receive Standby 2 0 A 3 0 A UX 910 Max audio 2 5 A 3 5 A UX 910 Dimensions 241 W x 94 H x239 D mm projections not included 91 2 W x 31146 H x 91342 D in Weight approx 4 5 kg 10 Ib 5 35 kg 11 Ib 13 oz w UX 910 8 pin DIN connector 2 conductor 3 5 d mm 187 6 pin mini DIN x 2 for MAIN and SUB ACC 1 connector Cl V connector DATA connectors Transmitter Output power continuously adjustable 144 MHz 5 100 W 430 440 MHz 5 75 W 1200 MHz 1 10 W optional UX 910 Modulation system SSB Balanced modulation FM Variable reactance modulation Spurious emission 144 430 440 MHz More than 60 dB 1200 MHz More than 50 dB Carrier suppression More than 40 dB Unwanted sideband More than 40 dB suppression Microphone connector 8 pin connector 600 Q KEY connector 3 conductor 3 5 d mm 14 Recei
32. ee and is avail able with three possible options of computer interfaces Yaesu G 232A or GS 232B Uni trac computer interface and WinRotor computer interface Out of these options WinRotor was easily available and came up with driver software WinRotor XP to control antenna rotator More about Yaesu G 5500 and WinRotor Interface specifications are avail able in chapter two 12 1 3 New Planned Structure 2 Meter Yagi Antenna USB S ii Rotor Controller Computer Interface Schematic of the new Ground Station design at University of Wuerzburg Germany Figure 1 3 New design of the Ground Station The new planned structure had many changes as compared to the Old structure It has two antennas in place of four one 2 meter and one 70 cm antenna to reduce the wait of the antenna assembly on the rotator to increase the rotator efficiency and speed After studying the Yaesu G 5500 rotator s specifications and the per formance details from the internet it is selected as a new rotator and con troller for the ground station at Department of Informatics VII University of Wuerzburg The next selection was about the computer interface for the Yaesu G 5500 rotator The easy availability of the computer interface leads us to go with WinRotor computer interface for G 5500 K 5500 It comes with the driver software WinRotor XP 13 Nova for Windows was the new selected satellite tracking software
33. erface External Control Cable Rotor Controller Computer Interfacing Figure A 1 Connections at Yaesu Rotator and Controller Azimuth Control Pin 1 Wire 1 Pin 2 Wire 2 Pin 3 Wire 3 Pin 4 Wire 4 Pin 5 Wire 5 Pin 6 Wire 6 Pin 7 Unused Table A 3 Connections at Rotator s Metal Plug 41 Elevation Control Pin 1 Wire 9 Pin 2 Wire 10 Pin 3 Wire 7 Pin 4 Wire 12 Pin 5 Wire 13 Pin 6 Wire 14 Pin 7 Unused Table A 4 Connections at Rotator s Metal Plug 42 Appendix B Configurations for Nova for Windows Installing Nova for Windows a Insert the Nova for Windows CD into the CD ROM drive of your computer b If the setup program doesnt start automatically click on the Start button lower left corner of the desktop c Click on Run d In the file name box type Setup EXE e Follow the directions in the Nova for Windows Setup Important Be sure to enter the serial number carefully Serial number must include the NLD prefix First step is to set the type of Map In the screenshots shown below Large Rectangular Map is selected for convenience To choose the new map setting the path is Views then Configure current view and then Choose Map display and Map Size Refer figure 2 11 Second step is to set the position of the Ground Station in Nova for Windows The path is Setup and
34. ey form an unbeat able satellite communications package The extremely clean pattern maxi mizes forward gain and feedback The pattern is important in order to match the antennas noise temperature with modern low noise preamps The driven 18 2 m Antenna M2 2MCP22 Manufacturer M2 Antenna Systems Inc Model 2MCP22 Frequency range 144 TO 148 MHz Gain 145 9 MHz 12 25 dBdc Front to back 25 dB Typical Beamwidth 38 Feed impedance 50 Ohms Unbal VSWR 1 4 Max Input Connector N Female Power Handling 1 5 KW Stacking Distance 9 5 to 10 feet Boom length 1877 Boom Diameter 1 1 2 Tapering to 1 Elements Type 22 3 16 Alum Rod Turning radius 10 ft Wind Area 2 5 sg ft Weight ShipWt 12 5 lbs 14 lbs UPS Table 2 4 2 meter Antenna Specifications element and T blocks are CNC machined with connectors O ring sealed for low maintenance and long term peak performance For further specifications refer Table 2 4 and 2 5 The minimum distance between the antennas should be 1 meter for distor tion free transmission and reception of the signals but to keep the movement of the antennas flexible enough up to 360 degrees in azimuth both of the an tennas are mounted on a six meters long aluminium rod keeping the antennas four meters apart 19 Figure 2 3 70 cms Antenna 2 1 3 Yaesu G 5500 Azimuth Elevation Rota
35. h computer to provide the automatic tracking 2 Radio The Radio makes it possible to transmit and receive signals from the Antenna Ground Station Name UWE UWZ University University of Wuerzburg Germany Latitude 49 47 49 20 49 797deg North Longitude 9 56 56 40 9 949deg East City Wuerzburg Country Germany Altitude 310 meters Tower Hummel Teletower Jumbo III Operating frequencies 2m and 70 cms amateur bands One 2 meter antenna M2 2MCP22 One 70 cms antenna M2 436CP42U G Antenna rotator Yaesu G 5500 Rotator controller Yaeau G 5500 controller Rotator Computer Interface WinRotor Rotator Computer Interface driver WinRotor XP Tracking software NOVA for Windows Radio TNC4e Polarisation switch WiMO Preamplifiers LNA 145 SLN Series Tranceiver ICOM IC 910H Power Supply Microset 13 5 Volts Two PCs Fujitsu Siemens Table 1 1 New Ground Station Specifications 3 Modem A modem from modulate and demodulate is a device that modu lates an analogue carrier signal to encode digital information and also demodulates such a carrier signal to decode the transmitted informa tion The goal is to produce a signal that can be transmitted easily and decoded to reproduce the original digital data Modem is used to transmit or receive analog signals from radio 4 Computer One o
36. h the satellite passes with high elevations the antenna rotator was unable to track them One of the clear reasons was the weight of the Antenna assembly associated with the malfunctioning of the Antenna Rotor Also there were some problems associated with the cabling pattern of the Antenna wires of the ground station system The need was to start with a detailed research study of the other CubeSats Ground Stations in order to see what could be the best possible structure so that the new design of the Antenna Rotator system can auto track satellites with combination of some satellite tracking software 1 2 Ground Station Structural Study The GS structural study survey was made to get an idea about the existing structure of various Ground Stations around the world made for tracking CubeSat satellites The selection of a suitable antenna rotator was one of the important aim for this study There were two possibilities of using the antenna rotator The first idea was to use two different rotators for the azimuth and elevation control and the second was to use a single rotator which can provide the azimuth and elevation movement all together like old antenna rotator EGIS EPSR 203 mod used in the Ground Station The options were 1 Creative ERC5A elevation antenna rotator 2 Creative RC5A azimuth antenna rotator 3 Creative RC5B 3P azimuth antenna rotator 4 Yaesu G 550 elevation antenna rotator 5 Yaesu G 2300DXA azimuth an
37. imum Elevation 73 degress LOS Azimuth 344 degress Table C 6 Testing Satellite Script 13Dec2006 Number of Beacons received 12 tncde2 tncde2 tncde2 tncde2 tncde2 tncde2 tncde2 tncde2 tncde2 tncde2 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 17 51 48 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 17 51 58 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 17 52 08 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 17 52 18 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 17 52 28 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 17 52 38 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 17 52 49 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 17 52 58 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 17 53 08 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 17 53 18 57 tnc4e2 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 17 53 30 tnc4e2 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 17 53 38 17 54 14 TESS 17 52 48 17 52 05 17 51 22 17 50 38 8 9 16 11 12 Test Beacons 13 Dec 2006 Figure C 5 Test Beacons on 13Dec2006 14 December 2006 AOS Time 15 49 05 Local Time LOS Time 16 01 58 Local Time Duration 00 12 53 hrs AOS Azimuth 110 degrees Maximum Elevation 17 degress LOS Azimuth 356 degress Table C 7 Testing Satellite Script 14Dec2006 58 Number of Beacons received 4 tnc4e2 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 15 49 39 tnc4e2 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 15 54 58 tnc4e2 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 15
38. l Teletower Jumbo III Station is set to bring the antennas to their Parking positions immediately after quitting the tracking application 2 1 2 Antennas The ground station of the Informatics VII University of Wuerzburg is equipped with two antennas of the company M2 The two antennas works in the 2m and in the 70cm frequency bands 17 M2 Products of this company belong in the range of the amateur radio tech nology and are the qualitatively best products and permit very good straight receiving powers within the satellite communication service range The 2 meter antenna is M2 2MCP22 This cross polarized yagi was computer designed for the serious OSCAR user The average side and back lobes power have been reduced by approxi mately 10 dB over any previous design enhancing signal to noise ratio and putting all your power where it will do the most good The 2MCP22 is ideal for general use over the entire two meter band The unique Driven Element Modules are CNC machined and feature O ring sealed connectors Internal connections are encapsulated in a space age silicone gel with nearly 4 times the dielectric strength of air The 2MCP22 is the finest circular polarized antenna Figure 2 2 2 m Antenna The 70 centimetre antenna is M2 436CP42U G The 436 CP42 U G Ultra Gain sets a new performance standard for UHF circular polarized antennas Gain and Feedback are excellent The boom length is matched to the 2MCP22 and together th
39. len 255 16 52 31 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 16 52 41 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 16 53 31 16 5302 16 5219 16 51 36 165053 165010 16 49 26 LME Beacons 11Dec 2006 Figure C 2 Test Beacons on 11Dec2006 Number of Beacons received 13 54 12 December 2006 AOS Time 18 05 56 Local Time LOS Time 18 21 18 Local Time Duration 00 15 22 hrs AOS Azimuth 178 degrees Maximum Elevation 52 degress LOS Azimuth 342 degress Table C 4 Testing Satellite Script 12Dec2006 tncde2 tnc4e2 tnc4e2 tnc4e2 tnc4e2 tnc4e2 tnc4e2 tnc4e2 tnc4e2 tnc4e2 tnc4e2 tnc4e2 tnc4e2 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 18 10 52 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 18 11 23 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 18 11 32 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 18 11 43 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 18 11 52 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 18 12 02 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 18 12 13 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 18 12 24 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 18 12 42 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 18 12 53 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 18 13 02 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 18 13 12 fm KD7OVB to QST ctl UI pid BB len 255 18 13 22 13 December 2006 AOS Time 16 07 43 Local Time LOS Time 16 21 26 Local Time Duration 00 13 43 hrs AOS Azimuth 120 degrees
40. memory and quit the window Calibration Important The WinRotor interface must be connected to the USB port of the computer before running WinRotor XP software The connection must be done when the computer is off 32 DIE FUNKBOX WINROTOR XP General Tracking Mode Controlbar Longpath Tracking position K Input from interface port azimuth elevation Cu ji 52 175 Relaisstatio Calibration values Left border Middle value Right border Save values Status Nova Figure 2 12 WinRotorXP Rotator Calibration For computer Interface WinRotor and antenna rotator Yaesu G 5500 cali brated values for the Ground Station at Informatics VII University of Wuerzburg is shown in the Figure 2 24 Automatic tracking with Nova for Windows WinRotor XP provides a feature of using Nova for Windows as a Satellite tracking tool under DDE Dynamic Data Exchange mode After selecting the satellite tracking tool and saving the new settings the screen will look like the Figure 2 25 33 DIE FUNKBOX WINROTOR XP Controlbar Longpath Tracking position SAT Tracking Modus SAT Tracking via Nova for Windows 2 1 2 2 Interval for rotor tracking E 10 seconds 1 60 Minimum change of degree AZ po EL f0 Manual Tracking s SAT Tracking SatPC32 DX Tracking Modus 1 FUNKBOX Log Universell v swissivs Status Nova Manual Tracking P Cancel Figure 2
41. nductors Required 6 and 6 Rotation Time Non Loaded Elevation 180 67 sec at 60 Hz Rotation Time Non Loaded Azimuth 360 58 sec at 60 Hz Rotation Range Elevation 180 Azimuth 450 Rotation Torque Elevation 101 foot pounds 14 kg m Rotation Torque Azimuth 44 foot pounds 6 kg m Braking Torque Elevation 289 foot pounds 4 kg m Braking Torque Azimuth 289 foot pounds 4 kg m Maximum Vertical Load Elevation 30 kg or less Maximum Vertical Load Azimuth 440 Lbs 200 kg or less Mast Outside Diameter 1 5 2 5 inches 38 to 63mm Boom Outside Diameter 1 24 1 675 inches 32 to 43mm Braking Type Mechanical and Electrical stoppers Wind Loading Area 1 0 square meter or less Maximum Continuous Duty 5 minutes Operating Temperature Range 0 deg C to 40 deg C Controller Operating Temperature Range 20 deg C to 40 deg C Rotator Rotator Dimension 10x13 75x7 5 inches Rotator Weight 20 Lbs 9 kg Controller Dimension WHD 200 x 130 x 193 mm Controller Weight 6 6 Lbs 3 kg Table 2 6 Yaesu G 5500 Rotator and Controller s Specifications The Yaesu G 5500 is attached on the top of the rotator plate using M8 screws 2 1 5 Rotator Computer Interface The computer Interface for the Yaesu G 5500 rotator controller is Die Funkbox WinRotor It provides an USB connection
42. ntroller In 1983 the TAPR Tucson amateur packed radio developed a computer map TNC1 which could send and re ceive the data in the AX 25 minutes With the TNC2 the mode of operation packing radio is introduced in 1985 Different advancements of the TNC2 followed and in 1993 the TNC3S and in 1997 TNC4e were developed in Ger many The TNC4e is attached with a serial cable to the ground station PC The use of a MC68EN302 integrated with Ethernet interface is available in the version TNC4e which provides coupling of several TNCs and the PC all to gether Dimensions 218 x 67 x 124 mm Input voltage 8 16 V DC Input Power excluding modems 130 mA Max Input Power 300 mA Radio Ports max 3 x 1 2 MBauds Ethernet Port Twisted Pair RJ45 10 MBaud Asynchronous Transmission max 115 2 kBaud Real Time Clock Epson RTC 64613 Memory 1 MByte 5V Flash RAM 1 MByte intern 3 MByte optional Table 2 9 Specifications Table TNC4e 27 SPECIFICATIONS General Freguency coverage saa He Tasa Unit MHz Tx 144 0 148 0 Tx 430 0450 0 Tx 1240 0 1300 0 Rx 136 0 174 0 Rx 420 0 0 Ax 1240 0 1320 0 USA j one 144 0 146 0 1240 0 1300 0 ustralia 144 0 148 0 430 0 450 0 1240 0 1300 0 144 0 146 0 432 0 438 0 1240 0 1300 0 430 0 434 0 1240 0 1245 0 Optional UX 910 Guaranteed range is 144 0 148 0 MHz Guaranteed range is 430 0 450 0 MHz Guarantee
43. pt tracking Software Installations Insert WinRotor XP CD ROM and click once on setup which will install the software One can install the icon WinRotor on the system on the screen from which it will be possible to start it For General rotator settings the path is Options and then General Refer figure 2 23 Settings for the Ground Station at Informatics VII Uni versity of Wuerzburg are as follows 1 USB IF 1 is the type of Interface connection used 2 Azimuth rotator horizontal is enabled and stops at North 0 degrees with a tolerance of 2 degrees Limit is from 0 to 360 degrees 3 Elevation rotator vertical is enabled with tolerance of 1 degrees Limit is from 0 to 180 degrees 4 Then click on Save settings to keep the adjustments chosen and quit the window Software Calibration is the most important part of this Interface soft ware in order to get the precise and accurate antenna position It is necessary to calibrate WinRotor XP in case of a new software installation and in case of a new rotor it is also recommended to check the calibration from time to time Make sure all connections are correct Interface on USB port and the cable between the interface and the command box of the rotor Switch on the rotor command box and start WinRotor XP Go to the menu Options and open the window calibration Follow these steps 1 Using the manual settings of the rotor
44. r more computers for steering the hardware and for the adminis tration of the sent and received data For manual control and automatic tracking purposes Wuerzburg s satel lite ground station is endowed with ground station satellite tracking software 1 1 Old design of the Ground Station There were two 70cm antennas and two 2m antennas in the old design of the ground station The antennas were mounted in an H construction in a way to provide a uniform distribution of the weight on the rotator This construction consists of three supporting rods The central bar was manu factured from aluminium and was 6 meters long This H construction was installed on a metal plate which served as connect ing piece between rotator and antenna construction The Rotator used was EGIS EPSR 203 mod and the rotator controller used was EGIS EPS 103 i 2 Meter Antenna 70 cms Antenna EGIS EPSR 203 Mod SA PR JP RFA 70 cms s A Antenna y 2Meter Antenna 4 TE i Rotor Controller EGIS EPS 103 Mod Schematic of the Old Ground Station design at University of Wuerzburg Germany Figure 1 1 Old design of the Ground Station Related problems The University of Wuerzburg s Ground Station was unable to work perfectly with respect of the Satellite flyby time of approx about 12 15 min The rotator was weak and was unable to move in speed to track the satellite in a suitable time The second problem was wit
45. rning satellite is available The number of columns in the real time text window depends on the number of satellites in the view Nova for Windows ver 2 2b registered to Informatik Vil University of Wuerzburg Germany File Setup Views Utilities AutoTracking Kep Elements Help 06 12 10 18 54 37 Loc Informatik VII PM Lat 49 8 N Lon _9 9 E Figure B 7 Nova for Windows Satellite Footprints Satellite Script 47 Satellite Script features the prediction of the flyby time of the satel lite or satellites over a particular Observer Ground Station up to 48 hours in advance This also enables automatic script tracking Refer figure 2 19 Small and large time Smail and large steps backward View s time time steps forward View from Sky noise map Space map Text only display Radar Rectangular map Launcha new View Change View s size Satellite Configure script View Nova for Windows floating ToolBar provides access to the most frequentiy used functions Configure View s map Figure B 8 Nova for Windows Floating Toolbar 48 Satellite Script Text display Graphics display Datefl 405 time Duration den 10 december 2006 Quakesat 06 12 10 17 04 23 17 19 40 00 15 17 12 03 03 349 17865 Quakesat 06 12 10 18 45 19 18 59 44 00 14 25 01 25 39 337 17865 Quakesat 06 12 10 20 33 26 20 35 53 00 02 26 01 33
46. signal strength is available at an elevation of about 15 degrees or higher So this is recommanded to always go with the passes having maximum elevation of 15 degrees or more 38 Chapter 4 Conclusion a New deign of the Ground Station is implemented sucessfully which removed some of its old pitfalls b d e Automatic satellite tracking is now possible c Satellite Tracking with hign elevations are now possible Problems related to cabling pattern is also resolved VO DU Wa Ground Station is again operational 39 Appendix A Hardware Documentation Connections at Yaesu G 5500 Antenna rotator and con troller To follow reusability the old Rotors cable of 18 wires is used and out of its 18 wires six wires are connected to azimuth control and six wires to elevation control of the Yaesu G 5500 Controller For the Ground Station at the University of Wuerzburg connections are documented in Tables A 1 A 2 A 3 and A4 Azimuth Control Pin 1 Wire 1 Pin 2 Wire 2 Pin 3 Wire 3 Pin 4 Wire 4 Pin 5 Wire 5 Pin 6 Wire 6 Table A 1 Connections at Rotator Controller Elevation Control Pin 1 Wire 9 Pin 2 Wire 10 Pin 3 Wire 7 Pin 4 Wire 12 Pin 5 Wire 13 Pin 6 Wire 14 Table A 2 Connections at Rotator Controller 40 sae Elevation Control tl f Azimuth Control Winrotor XP Nova for Windows Yaesu G 5500 Controller USB Computer Int
47. tenna rotator 6 Yaesu G 5500 azimuth and elevation rotator 7 Emotator EV 800D elevation rotator 10 Ground Station structural study Related Cubes et University Antenna Rotor Rotor Computer Controller amp Tracking Software Delfi C3 Delft University of Yaesu G 5500 NOVA for Technol ogy Windows AAU Cubesat Aalborg University Yaesu G 5500 SRO of Technolog Cube Sat University of Yaesu G 5500 NOVA Arizona Windows with Uni_Trac PolySat California Yaesu G 5500 SatPC32 Polytechnic IR University Cubesat aa lt a Elevation Rotator Orbital calculation Tokyo Japan ERCSA Creative software Design Virtual Ground Azimuth Rotator Station 3 RCS5A 3 Creative Design Chhesat TU Berlin Yaesu G 5500 SatPC32 and ARS WIN Kagawa University ERC 5A El Satellite Tracker is Japan RAC825 And Nara National Yaesu G 5500 GS 2324 and Nova M of Tech for Windows Japan Soka University Yaesu G 550 El GS 232B Ground Station Unit And Yaesu G 2300DXA Kyusyu University EMOT ATOR EV No avail info Ground Station 800D Kyushu Institute of Yaesu G 5500 GS 2324 Technology Figure 1 2 Ground Station Structural Study 11 For the Ground Station at University of Wuerzburg the antenna structure is situated on a tower for ease in maintenance and installation a single rotator for both elevation and azimuth control is selected Yaesu G 5500 Azimuth and Elevation rotator is fast light weight and maintenance fr
48. then Observers 43 7 Nova for Windows ver 2 2b registered to Informatik VII University of Wuerzburg Germany File Setup Views Utilities AutoTracking Kep Elements Help 06 12 Create new view f Configure default view View style gt Close all views Simple mode General Time Satellites Groups Antenna rotator Configure default view TCP Configuration for Current View 8 595 satellites 2 satellites LE sats Up Set Up Satellites ry Set Up Groups 18 45 19 Loc 18 59 45 Loc 00 06 02 00 14 25 199 26 M Main City Database capulco Mexico ecra Ghana da MN dak AK dams MA delaide Australia fton OK fton WY wahnee CA Aiken SC Ajo AZ Akron OH Alameda CA Alamo NV Alamogordo NM Albany GA Albany NY Albany OR Albion ID Albuquerque NM Alcoa TN Aldermaston England Alert NAT Alexander City AL Alexandria LA Alexandria YA Algiers Algeria Alhambra CA Allen AAF AK Allentown PA Alliance NE Alpharetta GA Altoona PA Amarillo TX Ambler AK Amchitka AK Cities DKCC Countries 144 MHz EME 432 MHz EME _ xfa 4 226 4 km 823 8 km 18 45 19 Loc 18 59 45 Loc Edit Location Latitude deg 49 Latitude min 47 Latitude sec 49 20 E North or South North Figure B 2 Nova for Windows Configuring Obser
49. tor and Controller The Yaesu G 5500 provides 450 degrees azimuth and 180 degrees elevation control of medium and large sized unidirectional satellite antenna arrays un der remote control from the station operating position The two factory lubricated rotator units are housed in weatherproof melamine resin coated die cast aluminium to provide maintenance free operation un der all climatic conditions The rotators may be mounted together on a mast or independently with the azimuth rotator inside a tower and the elevation rotator on the must The controller unit is a desktop unit with dual meters and direction con trols for azimuth in compass direction and degrees and elevation from 0 to 180 degrees An external control jack is provided on the rear of the controller for interfacing via D to A converters to an external microcomputer or other display controller The Yaesu G5500 requires two six conductor control cables The rear panel of the control box has six screw terminals for azimuth and six terminals for elevation Two 7 conductor metal plugs with weather boots are included These two plugs will require careful soldering It is important to test the 20 70 cm Antenna M2 436CP42U G Manufacturer M2 Antenna Systems Inc Model 2MCP22 Frequency range 430 438 MHz Gain 145 9 MHz 16 8 dBdc Front to back 25 dB Typical Beamwidth 21 circular Polarity Circular RHC or LHC Ellipticity 1 5 dB
50. ver In our case it is Location Informatics VII Uni Wuerzburg Germany Location Informatik VII Ui Elevation m 310 0 Longitude deg 9 Longitude min 56 Longitude sec 56 40 East or West East Add to Observers List Make AutoTracking Obs Elevation is of 310 meters Latitude is 49 degrees 47 minutes 49 20 seconds North A4 Information Location Aberdeen ID Latitude 45 95 North Longitude 112 83 West Longitude is 9 degrees 56 minutes 56 40 seconds East Refer figure 2 12 Third step is to check the availability of the specific satellite from the Satellite Editor in the database of Nova for Windows In this editor new satellite names and its Keplerian elements can also be added Also Update Keplerian Elements button provides the on line update The path is Setup and then Satellites Refer figure 2 13 Nova for Windows ver 2 2b registered to Informatik VII University of Wuerzburg Germany File Setup Views Utilities AutoTracking Kep Elements Help uw RSS General L Satellite Editor Time Groups Ee Keplerian elements PSLV DEB PSLY DEB p 5 PSLY DEB PSLY DEB fy Observers Satellite name Quakesat PSLV DEB PEU DER ant tati pers nes Catalog number 27845 eae Be ay DES RS LOS ti 22 30 00 Le Epoch time 6329 0934029600 PSLV DEB PSLV DEB aa ee PSLV DEB PSLV DEB oa Element set 889 PSLV DEB PSLV DEB en re Inclination 98 72410000 Esty DES
51. ver Receive system VHF SSB CW Single conversion superheterodyne FM Double conversion superheterodyne UHF SSB CW Double conversion superheterodyne FM Triple conversion superheterodyne Intermediate frequencies Unit MHz List ana sra ast and ord se fosso low post fous ow Passager iana FM fasssoofroasoo 0455 fasssoofro 9500 Sensitivity SSB CW 10 dB S N Less than 0 11 pV FM 12 dB SINAD Less than 0 18 pV Squelch sensitivity threshold FU fioesoof 0485 frossco oass sse 71 2500105500 rsscofosso glow aa ma Ka 3 PM fr 2500f108500f 0 485 71 35c0 10 9600 0455 SSB fssasoqfio ssco fussofiossoo vs oss SSB CW Less than 1 0 pV FM Less than 0 18 pV Selectivity SSB CW More than 2 3 kHz 6 dB Less than 4 2 KHz 60 dB FM More than 15 0 kHz 6 dB Less than 30 0 KHz 60 dB FM N More than 6 0 kHz 6 dB Less than 18 0 kHz 36 dB CW N More than 0 5 kHz 6 dB Less than 1 34 kKHz 60 dB Except 1200 MHz band Spurious and image rejection ratio 144 430 440 MHz More than 60 dB wiFL 132 or FL 133 1200 MHz More than 50 dB AF output power More than 2 0 W at 10 at 13 8 V DC distortion with an 8 Q load RIT variable range 144 430 440 MHz 1 0 kHz SSB CW 5 0 kHz FM 2 0 kHz SSB CW 10 0 kHz FM IF SHIFT variable range More than 1 2 kHz
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