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R&S®xxx-K6 Pulse Sequencer

1. Parameters ICON E CN 1171 5202 42 08 43 E 1 Creating New Pulses R amp S K6 Pulse Sequencer BPSK BPSK stands for Binary Phase Shift Keying A bit value of one sets the phase to a definable value whereas zero bits leave the phase at zero An additional phase offset may be used under the general pulse settings to rotate the constellation points C BPSK stands for Constant Envelope BPSK Parameters Type BPSK Regular BPSK C BPSK Constant Envelope BPSK Phase deg 0 01 180 0 Phase change between 0 and 1 Transition 100 0 Time used for transition between phases C BPSK only O Trans Shape COS Transition shape C BPSK only Coding normal no coding differential use differential coding Barker R13 BPSK 0 transition time 45 degees phase offset Man DU Ph 0 0 B Mag OU Ph 0 0 0 000 us 1 11 000 usidiy 110 000 ps 550 0 00 0 00 The transition settings are only required for the C BPSK modulation type 1171 5202 42 08 44 E 1 R amp S K6 Pulse Sequencer Creating New Pulses 8PSK 8PSK stands for 8 Phase Shift Keying A bit value of one sets the phase to a definable value whereas zero bits leave the phase at zero An additional phase offset may be used under the general pulse settings to rotate the constellation points Parameters Type 8PSK Regular 8PSK Rotation deg 0 01 360 0 Rotation of constellation from symbol to symbol Set to 67 5 for EDGE Gain 0 01 1 0 Gain for
2. ltem Mode Tetart us Tstop us Samples Pulse Object Rep Jitter Jiter2 diter3 Jitter4 M1 Me Ma M4 Fig 28 One entry in the sequence editor table A detailed description of the sequence editor follows in the next chapter New entries can be added to the list with the create new sequence entry button m This button has multiple functions depending on how it is used 1 If no entries exist in the table the button adds a new sequence entry 2 If entries exist but none of them is selected the button appends a new entry atthe end of the list The new entry is a copy of the last list entry 3 If an existing entry is selected the button creates a copy of this entry and inserts it in the row below This button removes a selected list entry from the table da Y The buttons move the selected entry one line up or down CH Hide the sequence in the project tree if Hide Tree Entries is selected 1171 5202 42 08 49 E 1 The Sequence Editor R amp S K6 Pulse Sequencer 13 The Sequence Editor MENE Mal sequence View Transfer Log The sequence editors main control is a table that contains the pulse entries in the order they get processed during the waveform generation Each line represents one single pulse definition as well as additional information such as the repetition count jitter settings and marker mask information Wavelorm File y P W wavetormsipulse we Sa CH ltem Mode
3. Estados operativos y posiciones de funcionamiento punto 1 Por eso es necesario tomar las medidas necesarias para evitar la entrada de l quidos En caso contrario existe peligro de choque el ctrico para el usuario o de da os en el producto que tambi n pueden redundar en peligro para las personas No utilice el producto en condiciones en las que pueda producirse o ya se hayan producido condensaciones sobre el producto o en el interior de ste como p ej al desplazarlo de un lugar fr o a otro caliente La entrada de agua aumenta el riesgo de choque el ctrico Antes de la limpieza desconecte por completo el producto de la alimentaci n de tensi n p ej red de alimentaci n o bater a Realice la limpieza de los aparatos con un pa o suave que no se deshilache No utilice bajo ning n concepto productos de limpieza qu micos como alcohol acetona o diluyentes para lacas nitrocelul sicas 1171 0000 42 06 Page 11 Instrucciones de seguridad elementales Funcionamiento 1 El uso del producto requiere instrucciones especiales y una alta concentraci n durante el manejo Debe asegurarse que las personas que manejen el producto est n a la altura de los requerimientos necesarios en cuanto a aptitudes f sicas ps quicas y emocionales ya que de otra manera no se pueden excluir lesiones o da os de objetos El empresario u operador es responsable de seleccionar el personal usuario apto para el manejo del producto Antes de d
4. North America Phone 1 888 TEST RSA 1 888 837 8772 customer support rsa rohde schwarz com Latin America Phone 1 410 910 7988 customersupport la rohde schwarz com Asia Pacific Phone 6565 13 04 88 customersupport asia rohde schwarz com China Phone 86 800 810 8228 86 400 650 5896 customersupport china rohde schwarz com ROHDE amp SCHWARZ 1171 0200 22 06 00 Table of Content AR O N 10 11 1171 5202 42 08 AbbreviatiOnS x x araranannnnnnnnnnnnnnnvnnnnnnnnnnnvnvnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnunnnnnvnnunnenne 6 INTOAUCUO EEE EE r Release NORS Lu 8 NST NON eee 11 Hardware Heourements 11 Minimum Instrument Contfguraton 12 Software Heouremente serrian aa AA aaa E 13 e EEE NN EN 14 Starting the Pulse Sequencer rrrnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnennnnnnuner 15 Migrating from V 1 x to V 2 x or V 3 X arrerrnnennnnnnnnernennnnnnvnnenn 16 Configuring the Pulse Sequencer xrnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnvnnnnnunnnnnnunnne 17 Mere Teen 20 Wl Luske 21 Setting up the Instrument Link rannrnnnnrnnnnnnnnnnnnnevnnnnnnnnnnnnnennnr 22 Creating New PUuIlSes rr nnnrnnnunnnnunnnnunnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnennnnennnnennnnennnne 24 Pma eA AIO UOT EE EEE 25 cs EN 25 SA CMN 25 ON MS 25 FU INE ne 25 OR TN aes streets er 26 PRI PRP pen 26 Arbitrary Pulse Envelope oocccocccoccoocnoccnoconoconoconononononnnonnonnnonnnonaninaninannnnos 26 TD EE 27 Me BEE 27 General Pulse SettidgS coooccccconncoconncocononono
5. The Pulse Sequencer software displays the FFT spectrum of either the entire or a fraction of the signal in the lower right area of the sequence view The FFT uses a logarithmic scale scale between 0 dB and 100 dB The level scale is relative and automatically set based on the maximum signal amplitude The frequency scale covers the ARB sample rate set for the sequence and ranges from Fy 2 to F 2 The amount of data analysed can be selected between the entire waveform and the view port content only The amount of data that can be analysed in the FFT display is limited For very large waveforms it might therefore be required to restrict the The Sequence View Span 2 000 MHz Fig 45 FFT spectrum display FFT display to the view port section only The FFT view remains blank if the amount of data exceeds the FFT length limit 1171 5202 42 08 65 E 1 The Transfer Panel R amp S K6 Pulse Sequencer 18 The Transfer Panel sequence Editor Sequence view Transfer Log Once an ARB waveform is created from a sequence it can be transferred to the instrument The transfer panel is used to perform this task It also provides basic instrument control features that are required for waveform playback and signal routing The panel is divided into three major sections that slightly differ in colour The top section displays the local waveform file name source file as well as information about the target instrument The middle sec
6. and the MSW name is set Interrupt Build Process The build process can be interrupted using this button If building the Multi Segment Waveform is stopped prematurely no waveform is generated and the process nedds to be started again Note The firmware of the AFQ100A and AFQ100B does not support assembling Multi Segment waveforms This task is usually done using WinIQSIM2 when operating this instrument 1171 5202 42 08 12 E 1 R amp S K6 Pulse Sequencer Multi Segment Waveforms 6 12 Operating Multi Segment Waveforms The lower right section of the MSW editor panel contains controls that are used to remote control the instrument when playing back Multi Segment waveforms An active instrument link is required in order to operate these controls Trigger Mode Single Extended Trigger Mode Next Trigger Source Internal Hext Segment d 1 Delay samples fr 0 00 Apply Trigger Query Seg Fig 50 MSW operation controls Trigger Mode The trigger mode defines the basic trigger operation mode If Auto is selected the instrument automatically plays back a section or multiple sections of a Multi Segment waveform In the Single mode the waveform or segment is only played once The Extended Trigger Mode defines if only a section or the entire MSW is affected by the trigger setting Extended Trigger Mode This entry selects if only a segment or the entire MSW is affected by the trigger signal Same sets the inst
7. If highest is selected the instrument re samples all segments to the highest sample rate used in the MSW The user setting sets a target sample rate to a fixed value All segments are re sampled to this target sample rate during the MSW creation process Building a MSW takes more time when re sampling is required In sequencer mode this setting is forced to user and a target clock rate must be provided Level During the MSW creation the instrument can also adjust the level of MSW sections The unchanged option does not change the level and adds segments unchanged to the final MSW The equal RMS option rescales the segment to ensure that all segments use the same RMS signal level BB Path This entry selects into which path the final MSW is loaded 1171 5202 42 08 71 E 1 Multi Segment Waveforms R amp S K6 Pulse Sequencer Last Seg In sequencer mode this option selects what happens after the last segment has been played Back 15 restarts the waveform playback at the beginning Endless repeats the last segment continuously Blank generates blank signal continuously Batch Build Z The button starte the build process of the MSW The process may take some time depending on the segment lengths and the number of segments but it fully automates the creation of all segments transfer to the instrument and MSW assembly The button is only available if an active instrument connection exists the instrument is able to generate MSWs
8. MHz different configurations El MHz Fig 21 Modulation parameters Some modulation types require data which can be provided in a table below the modulation selection tree The table is only active for modulation types that require data The Pattern Al D Pulse Sequencer software provides a wide range Pattern of internally defined data sources such as patterns or PRBS generators Patten Data bits are drawn starting from the first list entry Off Once all bits from this entry are used up the following one provides the data bits This mechanism continues until the end of the list is reached Further data requirements cause the list to wrap around and start over at its beginning The example above delivers two bits that are set to zero then 13 bits from a Barker sequence and finally two more zero bits Pulse Sequencer offers different types of data sources Random and Pattern draw bits from internal generators whereas the User setting draws bits from data that is provided by the user The Sources button next to the data source list is used to display the user data editor This editor is described in the next chapter in detail Type Data Source Bits Fig 22 Setting modulation data Patterns All 0 Only zero bits are generated All 1 Only one bits are generated 1010 Alternating ones and zeros are generated Barker Codes Barker codes of length 11 and 13 are mainly used in pulse compression radar systems because of their
9. axis Use 1 0 for full scale 1 0 Gain Q Gain for Q axis Use 1 0 for full scale Phase Ofs deg 180 0 180 0 Constant phase offsets that rotates the entire constellation 001 dai m 10 100 Polyphase Polyphase modulation is mainly used in Low Probability of Intercept LPI radars Parameters Frank Code P Code Length 1 200 Code Length 1171 5202 42 08 45 E 1 Creating New Pulses R amp S K6 Pulse Sequencer QPSK QPSK stands for Quadrature Phase Shift Keying AN wi mn e o 0 O 11 al Angle deg Each sample requires two bits which are mapped using the following constellation Bits Based on angle Q For d 45 degrees 00 Q 360 2 tr Ya TI 01 pi 0 360 2 TT Y TI 10 pi 0 360 2 Tr Ya TT 11 Q 360 2 TT Ya TI Parameters Regular QPSK Offset QPSK Constant Envelope QPSK Differential QPSK Rotation deg 0 0 360 0 Rotation of constellation from symbol to symbol Set to 45 for 1 4 QPSK 0 01 1 0 Gain for I axis Use 1 0 for full scale 0 01 1 0 Gain for Q axis Use 1 0 for full scale Phase Ofs deg 180 0 180 0 Constant phase offsets that rotates the entire constellation Angle deg 180 0 180 0 The angle between the QPSK constellation points and the I axis for an offset 0 C QPSK This type of modulation is similar to QPSK but transitions from one constellation point to the other happen at constant amplitude thus only
10. precomputed instrument settings that allow for fast setting changes Typical switching times are in the range of 400 us Please see the instrument manual for further information about operating RF Lists The Pulse Sequencer software contains RF Lists as part of a project and simplifies the creation process New RF Lists are created by calling Create New RF List from the menu bar This adds a new RF List entry to the project tree and opens the RF List editor Mame Random Hop List Comment List containing random data Fig 51 General RF List settings Name Sets the name of the RF List This name is used for reference in the project tree and does not affect the list itself Use unique names to identify the RF List in the project tree Comment An optional comment field may be used to add explaining text to the RF List definition New RF Lists have zero length and contain no items As a very first step it is therefore required to define the list length which creates the necessary blank entries in the list editor table Set Length 100 Dwell Time 100 0 me Fig 52 RF List settings Set Length Sets the RF List length to the given number of list items New items are automatically set to 1 GHz and 30 dBm Please consult your instrument manual for the maximum RF List length of your instrument Dwell Time Sets the dwell time for the RF List playback The dwell time sets the duration of each frequency and level pair when t
11. the disconnecting device must be provided at the system level 5 Never use the product if the power cable is damaged Check the power cables on a regular basis to ensure that they are in proper operating condition By taking appropriate safety measures and carefully laying the power cable ensure that the cable cannot be damaged and that no one can be hurt by for example tripping over the cable or suffering an electric shock 1171 0000 42 06 Page 3 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Basic Safety Instructions The product may be operated only from TN TT supply networks fuse protected with max 16 A higher fuse only after consulting with the Rohde amp Schwarz group of companies Do not insert the plug into sockets that are dusty or dirty Insert the plug firmly and all the way into the socket provided for this purpose Otherwise sparks that result in fire and or injuries may occur Do not overload any sockets extension cords or connector strips doing so can cause fire or electric shocks For measurements in circuits with voltages Vims gt 30 V suitable measures e g appropriate measuring equipment fuse protection current limiting electrical separation insulation should be taken to avoid any hazards Ensure that the connections with information technology equipment e g PCs or other industrial computers comply with the IEC60950 1 EN60950 1 or IEC61010 1 EN 61010 1 standards that apply in each ca
12. 10 MSW Editor The Multi Segment waveform editor mainly consists of a table that defines the sequences which are contained in the Multi Segment waveform file Additional controls are provided to create or delete entries as well as for changing their order Target Hame de Y FOCOG96 T5 08 TRIAL 1 Ki Rep Sequence D rand 0 148 11 Tims Blank 10000 a rando asss Ams Blank 5 T blank filer 6 rand 0 1493 1 1ms Blank Fig 48 MSW editor Target Name The target name defines the name of the Multi Segment waveform file on the instrument When the MSW is created on the instrument the Pulse Sequencer uses the path set in the project preferences dialog Menu Options Preferences Project Settings New Entry Creates a new line item in the MSW editor Each line item references a sequence from the project tree All line items are processed and appended to the MSW in the order they are listed If a line item is selected the button creates a copy of the selection and inserts it after the selected line If no line item is selected a new entry is appended at the end of the list zi Delete Entry The button deletes a selected line item from the list Deleting a line item does only affect the MSW and not the sequence that is removed A Move Entry Up This button moves a selected line item up by one position The first line item cannot be moved further up and remains at its position Move Entry Down This b
13. Closing the baseband filter dialog did close the entire application e Added Japan and Korea DFS signals e Added new RFID plugins and projects e Removed some DLL dependencies 1171 5202 42 08 9 E 1 Release Notes R amp S K6 Pulse Sequencer Changes from Version 3 4 to Version 3 5 e Fixed application crash for waveforms that are shorter than 1024 samples e Fixed erroneous PRF calculation in DFS ETSI 301 893 V1 5 1 Type 5 and 6 e Added DFS ETSI 301 893 V1 6 0 Draft ETSI 301 893 V1 6 1 e DME pulse timing fixed in example project e All user files are now placed in the user s home directory instead of the application folder This avoids the need for elevated user rights Changes from Version 3 5 to Version 3 7 e Removed NFC RFID plugins and project files These will now be provided with a separate application note s DFS Updates e Fixed renaming of output file name when waveform was created Changes from Version 3 7 to Version 3 8 e Local waveform file names were not properly resolved 1171 5202 42 08 10 E 1 R amp S K6 Pulse Sequencer Installation 4 Installation The R amp S Pulse Sequencer is intended for installation on a desktop PC running a Microsoft Windows XP Professional Microsoft Vista or Microsoft Windows 7 operating system The following list of prerequisites should be met before installing the application 1 1 Hardware Requirements Minimum Requirements e AMD or Intel CPU running at 1 GHz or faster 1
14. GB RAM Screen resolution of 1024x768 pixel or higher 20 MB free HD space Fast IDE or S ATA drive 100 M Bit LAN or VISA compatible GPIB adapter for interfacing with instrument Recommended Hardware e AMD or Intel CPU running at 2 GHz 2 GB RAM Screen resolution of 1024x768 pixel 10 GB free HD space Fast IDE or S ATA drive 1 G Bit LAN or VISA compatible GPIB adapter for interfacing with instrument The space is required for program installation During waveform creation R amp S Pulse Sequencer requires large temporary files As a rule of thumb 9 Bytes per sample need to be considered for temporary file space Example 125 M Samples of waveform data call for about 1 G Byte of temporary HD space The HD is not only required to install the Pulse Sequencer software but also holds temporary data Access should be as fast as possible to speed up waveform calculation 1171 5202 42 08 11 E 1 Installation R amp S K6 Pulse Sequencer 1 2 Minimum Instrument Configuration The following overview lists minimum instrument requirements for the different R amp S Vector Signal Generators or Modulation Generators Please note that the configuration required for your application may need additional instrument options This overview only points out which minimum requirements must be met SMU200A R amp S SMU200A R amp S SMU B103 R amp S SMU B11 R amp S SMU B13 R amp S SMU K6 SMJ100A R amp S SMJ100A R amp S SMJ B103 R amp S SMJ B
15. Location 1 0 and 99 6 are located within 3 0 At very low probabilities any value may occur If this is not desired the Pulse Sequencer software provides a Min Max limit that is used to cut off the distribution at both ends All values beyond this point are set to either the minimum or maximum limit This violates the normal distribution but is required to avoid invalid parameters such as negative times or frequencies 1171 5202 42 08 31 E 1 Creating New Pulses R amp S K6 Pulse Sequencer 1 9 3 Linear Ramp The linear ramp changes a parameter from a minimum value to a maximum value The following screen shot shows a series of 10 Gauss shaped pulses with the frequency changing from 20 MHz to 20 MHz following a linear ramp The upper curve represents power versus time in logarithmic scale whereas the lower curve shows the frequency versus time _ Fara Fig 14 Example for pulse frequency affected by linear ramp jitter 1 9 4 Sine The sine profile creates values that follow one period of a sine wave The amplitude parameter sets the peak amplitude of the sine wave whereas the offset parameter sets a constant offset to the entire sine wave The screen shot below shows a series of 100 pulses where the phase is varied from 180 degrees to 180 degrees following a sine wave shape 1 0 Fig 15 Example for pulse phase affected by sine wave jitter 1171 5202 42 08 32 E 1 R amp S K6 Pulse Sequencer Creating New Pulses 1
16. Module Pulse Sequencer E 1 R amp S K6 Pulse Sequencer Installation 1 3 Software Requirements e Microsoft Windows XP Professional or Windows Vista e Rohde amp Schwarz VISA IO Libraries for Instrument Control Rev M 01 01 or other VISA runtime library such as National Instruments VISA 4 0 e Minimum instrument firmware release SMU200A SMATE200A SMJ100A 02 05 222 24 02 10 111 116 Sequencer SMBV100A 02 05 200 19 02 15 85 47 Sequencer AFQ100A AFQ100B 02 10 250 beta e Any Microsoft Office package containing Microsoft EXCEL for the use of the DFS reporting feature Please see the installation chapter for details 1171 5202 42 08 13 E 1 Installation R amp S K6 Pulse Sequencer 1 4 Installation If you already have version 1 x of the R amp S Pulse Sequencer software installed on your machine it is advisable to install version 2 x into a separate directory in order to keep your old project files and settings A separate section in this document describes the migration path from V 1 x projects to V 2 x projects Before you install the Pulse Sequencer software a VISA runtime library must be installed on your system Please refer to the documentation provided with your VISA software for installation details The installation of the R amp S Pulse Sequencer is started by executing the self extracting installer After completion your application directory contains the following structure K6 Pulse Sequencer exe Applicati
17. Pulse from the menu bar or by clicking on the very Tra left icon on top of the project tree SA Ra In both cases a new pulse with default settings is created and ES Timing automatically added to the project tree New pulse entries are zw settings named new lt n gt where n is a number starting at one die Next the pulse parameters can be edited by selecting one of the sg Modulation items belonging to the new pulse entry Clicking on one of these lt A Marker items shows the associated dialog panel on the right side of the project tree Timing This panel defines all timing related parameters such as delay rise on fall and off time In addition the pulse repetition frequency PRF or pulse repetition interval PRI may be set The panel also controls the shape of the rising and falling edge e g linear cosine or raised cosine In the case where a custom shape or I Q data is required this panel also provides all the controls to import data from an external source Settings The settings panel controls various parameters This is the pulse power phase and frequency settings as well as Additional White Gaussian Noise AWGN Jitter Jitter is a mechanism that varies pulse parameters in cases where multiple repetitions of a pulse are used This is a powerful feature for the simulation of real world scenarios or imperfections in a technical system Pulse Sequencer provides four independent jitters that can be applied to var
18. R amp S K6 Pulse Sequencer 17 The Sequence View Sequence Editor Sequence View Transfer Log After an ARB waveform is created from a sequence the resulting l Q data can be viewed using the sequence view panel This panel displays the final I Q output as contained in the output waveform The sequence view tab is only available if a waveform was created successfully Selecting different entries from the project tree invalidates data and the sequence viewer becomes unavailable again The sequence viewer is divided into multiple areas The large upper area shows various signals such as and Q amplitude phase or frequency versus time The lower left side is the I Q constellation or density plot depending on the number of samples that are analysed The lower right area shows an FFT spectrum of the entire waveform or the currently viewed section view port Position e 3 CA va el Mkr OFF SPRUTE ie ete bet i Ir H rn A Hl Ee E L i H a EE I rl H j l p pres dl L ih Ls I l l l Hi EE PE I Bm 4 St J 62 640 us 6265 87 140 us 8714 Al el Mkr OFF Wag 0 00 Fh 0 0 Fig 35 Sequence view panel 1171 5202 42 08 60 E 1 R amp S K6 Pulse Sequencer The Sequence View 6 5 Time Domain Display The upper area is the time domain display and shows a signal versus time This area is also referred to as the view port because it defines the section of the data looked at The way data is present
19. RF Lists R amp S K6 Pulse Sequencer D max 5 607500 Entry Frequency MHz Level dBm Limit d 52500000 0 00 F 2 5 474000 0 00 F 3 5 304000 E 00 F 4 5 676000 0 00 F 5 Sea 01010 0 00 F 6 52572000 0 200 F di bet L000 0 00 F 8 5e091000 SPES P 9 5 720000 0 00 F The Pulse Sequencer software provides a dialog that is used to populate the RF Lists with default values Frequency and level can be controlled separately Frequency Level Hode Unique Rand hd Hode All Same si Min 5250000 Min S 0 000000 Max 5 724000 Max gt 0 000000 Step 0 001000 Step s 0 001000 i Fill Fill Fig 54 Filling an RF List Mode The mode selection defines how the Pulse Sequencer software populates the RF List The option All same uses the set value for all list entries Uniform fills the list with random data The minimum and maximum value as well as a step size can be defined The option Unique Random populates the list with random values but it is ensured that each random value only appears once Fill The button fills in the frequency or level values Once the RF List is populated its contents can be compared against two sets of limits Values that are within the limit range are marked green The limits do not affect the RF List playback Limitz Min 4 5 592500 0 000000 Max 5 607500 0 000000 Fig 55 RF List limit settings Min Max The values define the minimum and maximum limit range for level or frequency Any change i
20. Slow FM sweep pulse e L Circle phi chirp The Pulse Library contains all pulses defined within the project Pulses are the fundamental building blocks of any signal and therefore need to be created first Each pulse entry can be further expanded to unveil detailed settings such as timing modulation jitter and marker data Pulses that use custom plug ins are indicated with a small red dot next to the pulse icon Selecting a pulse entry or one of its sub items shows the associated editor window on the right ELE Sequence Library side li Demo 1 radar TX AX Please note that pulses cannot be turned into a waveform Instead lil Demo 2 Barker pulse the pulse entry only contains a mathematical description of pulse at Demo 3 FM chirps with jitte parameters The sequence combines pulses and is the basis for at Demed Aah waveform generation at Demo 5 Rotating antenna The Sequence Library contains all pulse sequences defined within ES Multi Segment Waveforms the project A sequence defines how pulses are arranged to form a i Different QPSK bursts waveform It also adds parameters such as the sample rate or E I PF List Cal baseband filter settings The sequence can be compiled into a ay waveform and transferred to the Vector Signal Generator e Frequency list 1 2 GHz a Plugins The Multi Segment Waveform Library contains all Multi Segment A Circle Phi Chirp waveform definitions defined within the project A Multi Segment
21. The jitter details section is used to manage list entries as well as to import and visualize list data The More buttons are used to switch the jitter details view to one of the jitter profiles Editing List Entries List entries can be altered by double clicking the item and then changing its value If a list entry shall be removed the field must be left blank and gets automatically removed as soon as the Enter key is pressed Appending data to the list is possible by filling in the last blank field at the end of the list Pulse Sequencer automatically keeps adding a new blank field at the very end of the list Importing Data The import filter can process ASCII text files as data source Data needs to be organized in columns that are separated by at least one space The column from which data is read can be set starting at 1 for the first column Once data is imported it is possible to rescale all values to fit the desired jitter range Rescaling is done by first applying a gain factor and then adding an offset This step can be executed repeatedly until the desired result is reached Use a gain of 1 0 if no gain shall be applied whereas a zero offset must be entered to only apply gain The Clear button removes all values from the list and frees all associated memory Imported data becomes a permanent part of the pulse definition If a pulse is copied Pulse Sequencer also creates a full copy of all jitter values Turning the j
22. Tstart us Tstop us Samples Pulse Object Rep Jitter Jitter dJiter3 Jitter 4 SEH Fig 29 Sequence editor table Item The very first field indicates the entry number All pulse entries are numbered starting at index one This column is only for reference and cannot be edited Mode This field can be toggled between different states that describe how the pulse entry is added to the final waveform The following options are available mm The entry is appended at the end of the waveform ADD The entry is added to the existing waveform starting at the beginning of the previous entry overlay mode MULT The entry is multiplied with the existing waveform starting at the beginning of the previous entry overlay mode Tstart us Indicates the estimated starting time of the pulse entry in microseconds This number does not take into account any alterations due to jitter The final value may be different if jitter is applied and is available after the waveform has been created Tstop ps Indicates the estimated stop time of this entry The number is read only for regular pulse entries In case of blank or CW fillers this entry sets the desired point in time Samples This field contains the required number of samples as an estimation based on the pulse timing and given ARB sample rate In case the timing is altered by jitter the final number maybe different Therefore the final numbers are available after
23. a consequence of the rest of this License 12 If the distribution and or use of the Library is restricted in certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces the original copyright holder who places the Library under this License may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries so that distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus excluded In such case this License incorporates the limitation as if written in the body of this License 13 The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and or new versions of the Lesser General Public License from time to time Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns Each version is given a distinguishing version number If the Library specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and any later version you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that version or of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation If the Library does not specify a license version number you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software Foundation 14 If you wish to incorporate parts of the Library into other free programs whose distribution conditions are incompatible with these write to the author to ask for permission For software which is copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation write to the Free Software Fo
24. a waveform creation 1171 5202 42 08 50 E 1 R amp S K6 Pulse Sequencer The Sequence Editor Pulse Object This field selects the pulse definition from the pulse library Clicking this entry opens a drop down box with all available pulse definitions In addition two special entries exist at the top of the list which are called fillers These entries are no true pulses but act as fillers on the time scale They either add a blanking period or a CW signal up to a certain point in time and may be used as a synchronization point Filler entries are highlighted in blue and do not provide any jitter repetition count or marker options Rep This number sets the repetition count for the pulse entry The default value is one and adds the pulse once to the sequence Numbers greater than one repeat the pulse multiple times before the next line item gets processed Jitter 1 2 3 4 These settings define how jitter values are applied A prerequisite for using these settings is that jitter profiles are defined in the underlying pulse definition OFF No jitter is applied Same A jitter value is created and this value is used for all repetitions Individual Jitter values are calculated individually for each of the repetitions Next This entry only makes sense with jitter data provided by an ordered list of values It reuses the same number for all repetitions but continues reading numbers from the list having been used by the previous line item Reus
25. comment until end of line 1111 0011 101 is not evaluated here XABFO 16 bits from hexadecimal numbers x f0 a3 7d le 32 bits Data sources are available globally within the project Once a data source is set up its data is available in all pulses However each pulse draws data individually from the data source and there is no possibility to resume data that has not been used up in a previous pulse 1171 5202 42 08 38 E 1 R amp S K6 Pulse Sequencer Creating New Pulses 6 1 Built in Modulation Types AM AM stands for Amplitude Modulation with a single tone Parameters AM Type Standard Regular AM LSB AM with only lower side band USB AM with only upper side band LSB USB AM without carrier Mod Freq kHz 0 100 0 MHz Modulation frequency Depth 0 100 Modulation depth ASK ASK stands for Amplitude Shift Keying The amplitude of the RF carrier is attenuated for a bit value of zero and remains at full level for bit values of one The level of attenuation is specified as depth in percent Parameters Depth 0 100 Modulation depth Coding normal Regular ASK set amplitude level by bit position Each bit is divided into two halfs 1 first half active second half blanked 0 first half blanked second half active 1171 5202 42 08 39 E 1 Creating New Pulses R amp S K6 Pulse Sequencer FM FM stands for Frequency Modulation with a single tone Parameters Mod Freq kHz 0 25 0 MHz Modulation freq
26. figure below shows the contents of this signal 45 L R AS To eg EE L R L R 10 A E o gt 15 19 38 53 kHz The stereophonic multiplex signal contains the sum of the left and right audio channel a pilot tone of 19 kHz and a 38 kHz carrier that is analog modulated with the audio difference signal FSK stands for Frequency Shift Keying High bits set the frequency to Deviation whereas low bits set the frequency to Deviation Parameters Deviation MHz 1 HZ 300 0 MHz The deviation from the carrier used for low or high bits 1171 5202 42 08 41 E 1 Creating New Pulses R amp S K6 Pulse Sequencer FSK 2 FSK stands for Frequency Shift Keying High bits set the frequency to f1 for a duration of T1 whereas low bits set the frequency to f1 for a duration of T2 Parameters SE Ti a Gs The figure below shows a 1 ms pulse that is modulated by the bit sequence 1100110011 f2 high bits is set to 2 MHz andT2 is set to 50 us F1 low bits is set to 4 MHz and T1 is set to 150 us po0D0usin 00000 us rs CTI Fig 26 FSK modulated signal This type of FSK is useful if the bit time needs to be adjusted according to the frequency deviation e g to ensure a full period count Multi Carrier The multi carrier modulation creates multiple CW carriers that are equally spaced using a given spacing In order to reduce the signal peak to average ratio is is possible to use random phas
27. for FM chirps Start Time This figure is the absolute starting point of a pulse rising edge within a waveform Sequence Entry No The line item number in the sequence editor table starting at one for the first item Fillers The amount of time that was added by either a CW or blank filler Repetition Count The number of repetitions set for a line item in the sequence editor table Repetition Number In case multiple repetitions are used for a line item a separate entry is generated for each one of the repetitions The repetition number starts with one and is increased up to the set number of repetitions Multi Segment No If a sequence is used as part of a Multi Segment waveform this entry reports the segment number where the sequence is used Counting starts at one for the first segment 1171 5202 42 08 57 E 1 Overlaying Pulse Entries R amp S K6 Pulse Sequencer 16 Overlaying Pulse Entries By default all pulse entries from the sequence editor are processed sequentially and appended to the final waveform However under certain conditions it may be desirable to add multiple pulses on a common time scale The process of adding waveforms is referred to as overlay mode in the Pulse Sequencer software Each pulse entry within a sequence can be compared to segments on a time line By default segments are appended one after the other to this time line In the overlay mode multiple segments are stacked on top of each other which allows
28. los residuos dom sticos sin clasificar sino que deben ser recogidos por separado Rohde amp Schwarz GmbH amp Co KG ha elaborado un concepto de eliminaci n de residuos y asume plenamente los deberes de recogida y eliminacion para los fabricantes dentro de la UE Para desechar el producto de manera respetuosa con el medio ambiente dirijase a su servicio de atencion al cliente de Rohde amp Schwarz Si se trabaja de manera mec nica y o t rmica cualquier producto o componente m s alla del funcionamiento previsto pueden liberarse sustancias peligrosas polvos con contenido de metales pesados como p ej plomo berilio o n quel Por eso el producto solo debe ser desmontado por personal especializado con formaci n adecuada Un desmontaje inadecuado puede ocasionar da os para la salud Se deben tener en cuenta las directivas nacionales referentes a la eliminaci n de residuos En caso de que durante el trato del producto se formen sustancias peligrosas o combustibles que deban tratarse como residuos especiales p ej refrigerantes o aceites de motor con intervalos de cambio definidos deben tenerse en cuenta las indicaciones de seguridad del fabricante de dichas sustancias y las normas regionales de eliminaci n de residuos Tenga en cuenta tambi n en caso necesario las indicaciones de seguridad especiales contenidas en la documentaci n del producto La eliminaci n incorrecta de sustancias peligrosas o combustibles puede causar da os a la
29. o si ha sido expresamente autorizado para aplicaciones de campo y de ninguna manera deber ser utilizado de modo que alguna persona cosa pueda sufrir da o El uso del producto fuera de sus fines definidos o sin tener en cuenta las instrucciones del fabricante queda en la responsabilidad del usuario El fabricante no se hace en ninguna forma responsable de consecuencias a causa del mal uso del producto 1171 0000 42 06 Page 7 Instrucciones de seguridad elementales Se parte del uso correcto del producto para los fines definidos si el producto es utilizado conforme a las indicaciones de la correspondiente documentacion del producto y dentro del margen de rendimiento definido ver hoja de datos documentacion informaciones de seguridad que siguen El uso del producto hace necesarios conocimientos t cnicos y ciertos conocimientos del idioma ingl s Por eso se debe tener en cuenta que el producto solo pueda ser operado por personal especializado o personas instruidas en profundidad con las capacidades correspondientes Si fuera necesaria indumentaria de seguridad para el uso de productos de Rohde amp Schwarz encontrar a la informaci n debida en la documentaci n del producto en el cap tulo correspondiente Guarde bien las informaciones de seguridad elementales as como la documentaci n del producto y entr guelas a usuarios posteriores Tener en cuenta las informaciones de seguridad sirve para evitar en lo posible lesiones o da os por
30. phase changes occur The following list shows how data bits are translated into phase changes 00 Y T 01 Ya T 10 Ya TI 11 Ya TI 1171 5202 42 08 46 E 1 R amp S K6 Pulse Sequencer VSB8 Creating New Pulses VSB8 stands for Vestigial Side Band and is a special type of phase modulation with eight constellation points in a straight line Three bits are required to form one symbol Data bits are mapped according to the following table VSB16 000 001 010 011 100 101 110 111 Phase Ya TT Ya TT Ya TT Ya TT Ya TI Ya TI Ya TT Ya TT Amplitude 1 000 0 714 0 429 0 143 0 143 0 429 0 714 1 000 VSB16 stands for Vestigial Side Band and is a special type of phase modulation with 16 constellation points in a straight line Three bits are required to form one symbol Data bits are mapped according to the following table 1171 5202 42 08 Phase Ya TT Ya TT Ya TT Ya TT Ya TT Ya TT Ya TT Ya TT Ya TT Ya TT Ya TT Ya TT Ya TT Ya TT Ya TT Ya TT 47 Amplitude 1 0000 0 8667 0 7332 0 5999 0 4667 0 3333 0 2000 0 0667 0 0667 0 2000 0 3333 0 4667 0 5999 0 7332 0 8667 1 0000 E 1 Creating New Pulses R amp S K6 Pulse Sequencer Plug ins The modulation is defined by an external plug in Plug ins are DLL modules that are loaded during program start They contain the maths that is required for the envelope shaping and the intra pulse modul
31. provides the plug in with all required information szType pData Type Bytes Purpose trise integer 4 Sample count for rising edge ton integer 4 Sample count for on time tfall integer 4 Sample count for falling edge srate double 8 ARB sampling rate HZ levon double 8 Level during on time range 0 1 0 levoff double 8 Level during off time range 0 1 0 levdroop double 8 Level droop during on time range 0 1 0 mbits char 10001 Bits used for modulation string max 10000 ASCII 1 or 0 done NULL Last data was sent Configuration is complete filename string 255 File name of report file en_pdelay integer 4 Enable pulse delay time for report en_prise integer 4 Enable pulse rise time for report en_pon integer 4 Enable pulse on time for report en_poff integer 4 Enable pulse off time for report en_ppr pri integer 4 Enable pulse PRF or PRI for report en_fofs integer 4 Enable frequency offset for report en_phofs integer 4 Enable phase offset for report en_levon integer 4 Enable level attenuation On for report en_levoff integer 4 Enable level attenuation Off for report en_levdroop integer 4 Enable level droop for report en_fmdev integer 4 Enable FM deviation for report en_startt integer 4 Enable pulse start time for report en seqno integer 4 Enable sequence entry number for report en filler integer 4 Enable filler time for report en repcnt integer 4 Enable repetition count for report en repno integer 4 Enable number of repetitions for rep
32. salud o da os al medio ambiente Se puede encontrar m s informaci n sobre la protecci n del medio ambiente en la p gina web de Rohde amp Schwarz 1171 0000 42 06 Page 14 Qualitatszertifikat Certificate of quality Certificat de qualit Sehr geehrter Kunde Sie haben sich fur den Kauf eines Rohde 4 Schwarz Produktes ent schieden Sie erhalten damit ein nach modernsten Fertigungsme thoden hergestelltes Produkt Es wurde nach den Regeln unseres Qualit tsmanagementsystems entwickelt gefertigt und gepruft Das Rohde amp Schwarz Qualit ts managementsystem ist unter anderem nach 1509001 und ISO 14001 zertifiziert Der Umwelt verpflichtet 1 Energie effiziente RoHS konforme Produkte Kontinuierliche Weiterentwicklung nachhaltiger Umweltkonzepte 150 14001 zertifiziertes Umweltmanagementsystem Dear customer You have decided to buy a Rohde amp Schwarz product You are thus assured of receiving a product that is manufactured using the most modern methods available This product was de veloped manufactured and test ed in compliance with our quality management system standards The Rohde amp Schwarz quality management system is certified according to standards such as ISO 9001 and ISO 14001 Environmental commitment Energy efficient products 1 Continuous improvement in environmental sustainability 1 150 14001 certified environmental management system Certified Quality System ISO
33. same amount The example below shows the I and Q output into 50 Ohm load of an AFQ100A playing back a waveform at 200 MHz ARB sample rate The waveform consists of three alternating ones and zeros which generates a period time of 30 ns Since the maximum bandwidth of the instrument is 100 MHz 10 ns we can make use of frequencies up to the third harmonic Ch1 Period 30 04ns Ch 1 100mv lt PA M10 0ns 1171 5202 42 08 87 E 1 Sample Rate Considerations R amp S K6 Pulse Sequencer cn The figure shows a Fourier series of a square wave and can be described by the following equation 4 I ru Er p Lol zl n 1 3 5 It can be seen that even providing the 7 harmonic does not generate a very good square wave This basic maths should be taken into consideration when designing very short pulses or considering fast rise or fall times 6 16 Timing Error Timing is a discrete number when dealing with ARBs where the clock rate defines the granularity on the time axis An AFQ100A for example is specified at a maximum ARB sample rate of 300 MHz This maximum sample rate results in a timing granularity of 1 300 MHz 3 333 ns R amp S Pulse Sequencer computes the number of samples from the timing figures as well as the clock rate setting Example The rising time is set to 25 ns and the ARB sample rate is set to 300 MHz The number of samples is calculated as 25 ns 3 333 ns 7 50075 The R amp S Pulse Sequencer uses seven
34. square roots has a purpose that is entirely well defined independent of the application Therefore Subsection 2d requires that any application supplied function or table used by this function must be optional if the application does not supply it the square root function must still compute square roots These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole If identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Library and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in themselves then this License and its terms do not apply to those sections when you distribute them as separate works But when you distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based on the Library the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of this License whose permissions for other licensees extend to the entire whole and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it Thus it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest your rights to work written entirely by you rather the intent is to exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or collective works based on the Library 1171 5202 42 08 90 E 1 R amp S K6 Pulse Sequencer GNU Lesser General Public License In addition mere aggregation of another work not based on the Library with the Library or with a work based on the Library on a volume of a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under the scope of this Licen
35. user may suffer electric shock or the product itself may be damaged which can also lead to personal injury Never use the product under conditions in which condensation has formed or can form in or on the product e g if the product has been moved from a cold to a warm environment Penetration by water increases the risk of electric shock Prior to cleaning the product disconnect it completely from the power supply e g AC supply network or battery Use a soft non linting cloth to clean the product Never use chemical cleaning agents such as alcohol acetone or diluents for cellulose lacquers Operation 1 Operating the products requires special training and intense concentration Make sure that persons who use the products are physically mentally and emotionally fit enough to do so otherwise injuries or material damage may occur It is the responsibility of the employer operator to select suitable personnel for operating the products 1171 0000 42 06 Page 4 Basic Safety Instructions Before you move or transport the product read and observe the section titled Transport As with all industrially manufactured goods the use of substances that induce an allergic reaction allergens such as nickel cannot be generally excluded If you develop an allergic reaction Such as a skin rash frequent sneezing red eyes or respiratory difficulties when using a Rohde amp Schwarz product consult a physician immediately to determine t
36. 1171 0000 42 06 Page 12 2 Instrucciones de seguridad elementales El ajuste el cambio de partes el mantenimiento y la reparacion deberan ser efectuadas solamente por electricistas autorizados por Rohde amp Schwarz Si se reponen partes con importancia para los aspectos de seguridad p ej el enchufe los transformadores o los fusibles solamente podran ser sustituidos por partes originales Despu s de cada cambio de partes relevantes para la seguridad debera realizarse un control de seguridad control a primera vista control del conductor de proteccion medicion de resistencia de aislamiento medicion de la corriente de fuga control de funcionamiento Con esto queda garantizada la seguridad del producto Baterias y acumuladores o celdas SI no se siguen 0 se siguen de modo insuficiente las indicaciones en cuanto a las baterias y acumuladores o celdas pueden producirse explosiones incendios y o lesiones graves con posible consecuencia de muerte El manejo de bater as y acumuladores con electrolitos alcalinos p ej celdas de litio debe seguir el est ndar EN 62133 1 2 No deben desmontarse abrirse ni triturarse las celdas Las celdas o bater as no deben someterse a calor ni fuego Debe evitarse el almacenamiento a la luz directa del sol Las celdas y bater as deben mantenerse limpias y secas Limpiar las conexiones sucias con un pa o seco y limpio Las celdas o bater as no deben cortocircuitarse Es peligroso alma
37. 171 5202 42 08 52 E 1 R amp S K6 Pulse Sequencer The Sequence Editor Waveform File waveformslpulse yy Sp g Fig 31 Sequence status line and build options Waveform File Sets the local file name of the output waveform The Pulse Sequencer software accepts absolute or relative paths File Browser gt The file browser can be used to select a file from the local file system Info Sp Reads information from the local waveform file such as sample count peak to average ratio play time comment and copyright Build Waveform Kr This button starts the waveform creation process and is greyed out if no local waveform file is specified Status Line The status line is populated after the waveform creation process has finished and contains information such as the number of samples the used sample rate the overall sequence time and the signal peak to average ratio CRF 1171 5202 42 08 93 E 1 The Baseband Filter Dialog R amp S K6 Pulse Sequencer 14 The Baseband Filter Dialog The Pulse Sequencer software can run its waveform output through a eran H Sites d baseband filter Each sequence can use an individual baseband filter configuration but all pulses within a sequence are processed using the same filter Use the baseband filter button from the sequence editor to open the baseband filter dialog A green LED next to the baseband filter button indicates that the filter is active The baseband filter dialog is divide
38. 51 R amp S SMJ B13 R amp S SMJ K6 AFQ100A R amp S AFQ100A R amp S AFQ B10 R amp S AFQ K6 AFQ100B R amp S AFQ100B R amp S AFQ B12 R amp S AFQ K6 SMBV100A R amp S SMBV100A R amp S SMBV B103 R amp S SMBV B51 R amp S SMBV B92 R amp S SMBV K6 SMATE200A R amp S SMATE200A R amp S SMATE B103 R amp S SMATE B11 R amp S SMATE B13 R amp S SMATE K6 1171 5202 42 08 1141 2005 02 1141 8603 02 1159 8411 02 1141 8003 04 1408 7662 02 1403 4507 02 1403 8502 02 1410 5605 02 1403 9109 02 1409 2558 02 1401 3003 02 1401 5106 02 1401 5606 02 1410 9000 02 1411 0007 02 1401 5606 02 1407 6004 02 1407 9603 02 1407 9003 02 1407 9403 02 1415 8390 02 1400 7005 02 1401 1000 02 1401 2807 02 1401 2907 02 1404 8006 02 Vector Signal Generator 100 kHz to 3 GHz Baseband Generator with ARB 16 Msample and Digital Modulation Baseband Main Module Pulse Sequencer Vector Signal Generator 100 kHz to 3 GHz Baseband Generator with ARB 16 Msample Baseband Main Module Pulse Sequencer UO Modulation Generator Waveform Memory 256 Msample Pulse Sequencer UWB Signal and IO Modulation Generator Waveform Memory 512 Msample Pulse Sequencer Vector Signal Generator 9 kHz to 3 2 GHz Baseband Generator with ARB 32 Msample 60 MHz RF bandwidth Hard Disk removable Pulse Sequencer Vector Signal Generator 100 kHz to 3 GHz Baseband Generator with ARB 16 Msample and Digital Modulation Baseband Main
39. 9 5 Staircase The staircase profile creates a sequence of identical values before it moves on the the next one The parameter count defines how many identical values are created whereas the step value defines the value change The screen shot below shows 100 pulses with the phase being varied from zero to 180 degrees The count was set to 10 which creates bursts of 10 identical pulses The step is 18 degrees which ensures that the whole 180 degrees are covered after 10 bursts Fig 16 Series of pulses with level controlled by staircase modulation 1 9 6 Value List Uniform This profile draws random numbers from a list of values table The list data can either be entered manually or imported from an ASCII text file 1 9 7 Value List Ordered The ordered value list draws numbers starting from the very first list item Subsequent pulses receive the following list entries This mechanism continues until the end of the list is reached A further pulse causes the list to wrap around and start over at the very beginning of the list List entries can either be entered manually or imported from an ASCII test file 1 9 8 Shape Interpolated The table data defines a shape which means that list entries are mapped to the number of repetitions Linear interpolation is used if the number of repetitions is not equal to the number of list entries 1171 5202 42 08 33 E 1 Creating New Pulses R amp S K6 Pulse Sequencer 1 9 9 Rules List The
40. 9001 Certified Environmental System ISO 14001 Cher client Vous avez choisi d acheter un produit Rohde amp Schwarz Vous disposez donc d un produit fabriqu d apr s les m thodes les plus avanc es Le d veloppe ment la fabrication et les tests respectent nos normes de ges tion qualit Le syst me de ges tion qualit de Rohde amp Schwarz a t homologu entre autres conform ment aux normes ISO 9001 et ISO 14001 Engagement cologique Produits efficience nerg tique Am lioration continue de la durabilit environnementale Syst me de gestion de l environnement certifi selon ISO 14001 1171 0200 11 V 05 00 1171020011 Customer Support Technical support Where and when you need it For quick expert help with any Rohde amp Schwarz equipment contact one of our Customer Support Centers team of highly qualified engineers provides telephone support and will work with you to find a solution to your query on any aspect of the operation programming or applications of Rohde amp Schwarz equipment Up to date information and upgrades To keep your instrument up to date and to be informed about new application notes related to your instrument please send an e mail to the Customer Support Center stating your instrument and your wish We will take care that you will get the right information Europe Africa Middle East Phone 49 89 4129 12345 customersupport rohde schwarz com
41. F OFF 4 el TTT eme 11 vert ved ore orelor Lore ore OFF Fig 34 Sequence with overlay entries Line item 1 sets the entire time of the overlay group to 3 ms by creating a blank filler signal The following items 2 3 4 are added to this blank signal starting at t 0 Jitter is used to shift the items 2 and 3 slightly in time The result is a series of 3 pulses 6 4 Overlay Application Examples 6 4 1 Radar Antenna TX RX Simulation For radar receiver testing it might be desirable to generate signals that contain the transmit pulse as well as multiple receive pulses In this case one sequence entry could be used to generate multiple repetitions of the TX pulse as they would be transmitted during one turn of a radar antenna The following line items are set to overlay and add the receive pulse with a time delay frequency offset or phase shift caused by jitter profiles This allows generating complex pulse return patterns as they might be caused by multiple reflections or antenna side lobes 6 4 2 Sector Blanking Many radar systems blank their signals in certain sectors to avoid interference with other equipment In order to simulate blanking one line item of the sequence could be set up to generate multiple repetitions of a pulse as it would result from one antenna turn without blanking The next line item is set to overlay and multiplies a single on off pulse that generates the blanking sector 1171 5202 42 08 59 E 1 The Sequence View
42. This name is used in the project tree and identifies the sequence The sequence names should therefore be unique within a project Comment The comment is optional and added to the final waveform file This field can be left blank if no comment is required Copyright The copyright information is optional and added to the final waveform file This field can be left blank if no copyright information is required Sample Rate Sets the desired ARB sample rate See the section Sample Rate Considerations for more details After changing the clock rate it is required to create the waveform again because the number of samples varies with the sample rate If the file size is not critical it is suggested to use the maximum possible clock rate for best performance Please see your instrument manual for details about the maximum possible sample rate of your instrument Baseband Filter The R amp S Pulse Sequencer software provides a selection of baseband filters that can be applied to the final waveform This allows the user to limit the bandwidth of the final waveform output This function can also be used to simulate the output signal of the instrument by using a low pass filter that is set to the maximum ARB bandwidth of the instrument Report The button opens the report generation dialog The report output documents all parameters that were used during the waveform creation and is particular useful if random jitter is applied to parameters 1
43. ab Specify the pulse timing e g rise time on time fall time and the edge shapes o Optionally select the settings tab Set levels frequency offset AWGN o Optionally select the modulation tab Set intra pulse modulation and define the data sources o Optionally select the marker tab Modify the default marker settings Create a new sequence Create New Sequence and assign it a name o Set up the first pulse entry or add additional pulse entries by clicking the Add new Sequence Entry button just above the sequence table o Set the number of repetitions and click into the marker fields M1 through M4 to set the marker masking for multiple repetitions o Change the desired ARB sample if the default value is not sufficient o Specify the local waveform file name e g waveforms MyPulse wv Press the Build Waveform button to create the waveform from the sequence Optionally select the Sequence View tab to inspect the result Select the Transfer panel o Activate the instrument manager panel and set up your instrument link this step is only required once o Configure the remote file name and the RF section o Hit the Transfer button to send your waveform data to the instrument 1171 5202 42 08 21 E 1 Setting up the Instrument Link R amp S K6 Pulse Sequencer 10 Setting up the Instrument Link The Pulse Sequencer software interfaces with your instrument in order to upload and run your waveforms Multi Segment waveforms or RF Lists The s
44. ae Pulse Sequencer Software V3 8 R amp S SMU K6 R amp S SMJ K6 R amp S SMATE K6 R amp S AFQ K6 R amp S AMU K6 R amp S SMBV K6 Printed in Germany 1171 5202 42 08 1408 7662 02 1409 2558 02 1404 8006 02 1401 5606 00 1402 9805 02 1415 8390 02 E 1 Dear Customer R amp S is a registered trademark of Rohde A Schwarz GmbH amp Co KG Throughout this manual the R amp S SMU K6 R amp S SMJ K6 RES SMATE K6 RESP AFQ K6 RES AMU K6 and R amp S SMBV K6 is abbreviated as R amp S Pulse Sequencer Trade names are trademarks of the owners 1171 5202 42 08 2 E 1 Basic Safety Instructions Always read through and comply with the following safety instructions All plants and locations of the Rohde amp Schwarz group of companies make every effort to keep the safety standards of our products up to date and to offer our customers the highest possible degree of safety Our products and the auxiliary equipment they require are designed built and tested in accordance with the safety standards that apply in each case Compliance with these standards is continuously monitored by our quality assurance system The product described here has been designed built and tested in accordance with the attached EC Certificate of Conformity and has left the manufacturer s plant in a condition fully complying with safety standards To maintain this condition and to ensure safe operation you must observe all instructions a
45. amp S K6 Pulse Sequencer Index 8 FN 44 A ADDEVAIONS A RA A 6 APIA RE RE A smn er ae ee 55 AV 38 Amplitude MOJO rnae een 38 Amplitude Shift Keving 38 arbitrary ettvelope ENEE EEN 25 Arbitrary Pulse Enmvelopne 24 Eege eege e 38 BV GIN ass GETS 27 B Banama ST 27 Barker e aa ad Ne 36 0 A eA a E T EE 67 D seband AAA aa ear 55 Baseband FINCK sadisme daa hin 52 54 Bath BIs 72 Binary Phase Shift bKeving 43 o A 43 Bs 55 Buld WAV GION jonas ee 53 C CAB SK voss 43 Eeer eg 46 CIO Ral RE PER E 71 Eeler 52 68 74 Constant Envelope BDzk 43 COD VO TEE 52 Creating New PulS8S ccccccocccccooococononononocononnonononconononanoos 22 GUIS OM eege eege 64 ASA A 64 Cutoff FPrEQUCNCY seemed 54 D Ee eg 46 Data Source EMO usanne datos 37 DT eegen 17 Delay TIVOS A A A AS 23 AAA dessutan GOD 64 Eeer 26 DU TING 74 DV GAINIC RENE EE 90 E Extended Trigger MOG cccscssccccsssessssecnneecneuscausensessees 73 F FA TINE ASS 23 Feasa 7 FP 65 FET SPECT Ua 65 Fila BONE Head 53 EE SE SEE EE EE EE EN A ait peas 51 EM maste 39 EE eebe 42 FM SEO O A 40 Frane Code sara SNE 44 Frequency Modulatton 39 Frequency OSO Aids 26 Frequency OMS diia NSR 26 Frequency Shift bkeving 40 O NE 40 41 G ere 20 H Hardware Heouirements 10 Moden ENES ae 18 1171 5202 42 93 Index AOUD E A seamen ties ed 91 PN NN 64 VOV OW eege 62 MPONNG ER EE 25 NS ION aaa ee Nebe 10 Instrument Confiouraton 11 ISTMO Hee edle 20 Inst
46. ample Rate Considerations 23 Sample Rate Considerations This paragraph discusses issues that may arise from false sample rate settings It gives advice for correct settings and points out limitations for pulse timing and other parameters The R amp S Pulse Sequencer is not directly dependant on the actual instrument when rendering waveform data It therefore allows to use parameters within wide ranges event if the actual instrument is not capable of playing back the waveform file correctly This behaviour is implemented intentionally to allow room for future hardware and provide means for experimentation with settings However special care must be taken and basic understanding of the ARB operation is required to determine optimum settings 6 15 Minimum Pulse Width The minimum pulse width is determined by the bandwidth of the instrument I Q modulator An AFQ100A for example is rated at 100 MHz of maximum UO bandwidth This bandwidth translates into 1 100 MHz 10 ns period time This number must be regarded as the shortest possible time at which a waveform of alternating zeros and ones playing back at 200 MHz generates a perfect sine wave In most cases pulses require defined shapes for their rising and falling edge e g trapezoid or cosine In this case a series of harmonics are required to achieve the desired shape The quality of the shape increases with the number of harmonics that are available and thus the useful bandwidth decreases by the
47. and or data prepared so as to be conveniently linked with application programs which use some of those functions and data to form executables The Library below refers to any such software library or work which has been distributed under these terms A work based on the Library means either the Library or any derivative work under copyright law that is to say a work containing the Library or a portion of it either verbatim or with modifications and or translated straightforwardly into another language Hereinafter translation is included without limitation in the term modification Source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for making modifications to it For a library complete source code means all the source code for all modules it contains plus any associated interface definition files plus the scripts used to control compilation and installation of the library Activities other than copying distribution and modification are not covered by this License they are outside its scope The act of running a program using the Library is not restricted and output from such a program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the Library independent of the use of the Library in a tool for writing it Whether that is true depends on what the Library does and what the program that uses the Library does 1 You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Library s complete source code as you receive it in a
48. ar scale in the range between 1 0 to 1 0 gt Hir S a ne Sage A tl 8 Ae D ae ZE bag A Kelt eg A ae NM ar at HF oT pa A en q E rn E ea I geg ia helle aa ki bem A aS e A e wi wir IT ei IL Fig 38 UO waveform view of a chirped signal This view shows the baseband output of the instrument as it would be accessible through the and Q output connectors e Polar View The polar view displays the magnitude and phase angle of the signal versus time The upper magnitude curve is scaled linear in the range from 0 to 1 The lower curve shows the phase in the range from T to 11 A phase change is equivalent to a rotation at constant radius in the constellation diagram The phase graph wraps around at the positive or negative borders 39 Polar view of a BPSK modulated signal 1171 5202 42 08 62 E 1 R amp S K6 Pulse Sequencer The Sequence View e Log Mag View This view shows the pulse envelope in the logarithmic scale 20 log sqrt 1 Q3 The scale ranges from 0 dB down to 100 dB and covers the full 16 bit dynamic range of the vector signal generators internal ARB This view mode can be utilized to see very low signal levels that would not be visible in the linear scale The graphical representation of the envelope in the logarithmic scale can be compared to a scale typically used in Spectrum Analyzers in zero span mode logarithmic scale Va al Th Fig 40 Logarithmic view
49. ara una tolerancia de 10 sobre el voltaje nominal y de 5 sobre la frecuencia nominal Categoria de sobrecarga el ctrica 2 indice de suciedad 2 No sit e el producto encima de superficies veh culos estantes o mesas que por sus caracter sticas de peso o de estabilidad no sean aptos para l Siga siempre las instrucciones de instalaci n del fabricante cuando instale y asegure el producto en objetos o estructuras p ej paredes y estantes Si se realiza la instalaci n de modo distinto al indicado en la documentaci n del producto se pueden causar lesiones o en determinadas circunstancias incluso la muerte No ponga el producto sobre aparatos que generen calor p ej radiadores o calefactores La temperatura ambiente no debe superar la temperatura m xima especificada en la documentaci n del producto o en la hoja de datos En caso de sobrecalentamiento del producto pueden producirse choques el ctricos incendios y o lesiones graves con posible consecuencia de muerte Seguridad el ctrica SI no se siguen o se siguen de modo insuficiente las indicaciones del fabricante en cuanto a seguridad el ctrica pueden producirse choques el ctricos incendios y o lesiones graves con posible consecuencia de muerte 1 Antes de la puesta en marcha del producto se deber comprobar siempre que la tensi n preseleccionada en el producto coincida con la de la red de alimentaci n el ctrica Si es necesario modificar el ajuste de tensi
50. at were implemented in V 2 x are not present in older project files The following steps are recommended when loading Pulse Sequencer V 1 x project files 1 Keep your existing V 1 x installation and install V 2 x into a separate directory 2 Load the project file from V 1 x into V 2 x 3 Verify and correct all pulse modulation related settings For modulated pulses click at least once into one field of the pulse modulation settings to let the software update its settings table 4 If data patterns were used for intra pulse modulation this data needs to be provided again in the data source editor on a project base 5 Configure jitter 4 settings of all pulses 6 Update the jitter settings in all sequences The names have changed between V 1 x and V 2 x 7 Save the file under a different name using the Save Project As menu option Note If you do not need to keep any existing Pulse Sequencer V 1 x installation it is recommended to entirely remove the old installation before attempting to install V 2 x You may use the de installer provided with V 1 x but it is suggested to manually clean all remaining files in the program directory This is required because the de installer leaves plug ins and project files untouched as they might have been changed by the user 1171 5202 42 08 16 E 1 R amp S K6 Pulse Sequencer Configuring the Pulse Sequencer 7 Configuring the Pulse Sequencer After a fresh installation the R amp S Pul
51. ation Examples are bundled with the R amp S Pulse Sequencer software Plug ins can register up to 64 parameters which become available to the user in the modulation parameters table This allows the use of the same plug in in many different configurations When a pulse is calculated the plug in is provided with the general waveform settings such as ARB sample rate as well as the registered variable values Subsequently the plug ins maths function is called once for each sample and required to return data in polar coordinates 6 2 Marker Settings The markers 1 through 4 can be freely assigned to any section of a pulse by using the check box matrix Marker information is directly added to the resulting waveform and the marker signal output is therefore synchronous with the waveform playback A set marker becomes active for the entire number of samples used up for the selected period of time For example activating a marker during the rising edge generates an output from the very beginning of the edge until the very end of it 0 to 100 level The same marker can be assigned to multiple sections of a pulse such as rise time on time and fall time The example shows that marker 1 is assigned to the rising edge the on period and the falling edge of a pulse Marker 1 Marker 2 Marker 3 Marker 4 ATA Delay Rise m On m F all O E E E Off E Restat Fig 27 Marker settings Restart activates the mar
52. ce IT Delay IT Frequency e Sequence Entry Ho Rise 4 Phase l Fillers M On M Level on IT Repetition Count IT Fall IT Level off M Repetition Ho f OFF IT Droop l PRF PRI FM Deviation IT Start Time IT Multi Segment No 2 X Fig 33 Report generation dialog Format Sets the format of the report data OFF No report data is generated Text Data is appended to an ASCII text file lt Plug in gt A plug in is used to process report data 1171 5202 42 08 56 E 1 R amp S K6 Pulse Sequencer Report Generation File Sets the file name for the report data output New data is always appended at the end of the file Each sequence can use its own report file Pulse Timing parameters The check boxes in the pulse timing section enable reporting all values that concern the pulse timing The reported values are the final figures including jitter The values do not reflect any rounding errors that are caused by a baseband filter re sampling process because baseband filtering is performed as the final step and using the complete waveform Frequency The frequency offset from the carrier frequency set for the pulse including any jitter alterations Phase The pulse start phase including any jitter alterations Level On Off The level attenuation set for the pulse including any jitter alterations Droop The level decay during the pulse on time including any jitter alterations FM Deviation The FM deviation used for the pulse e g
53. ce is supported by your hardware VISA Resource String Example GPIB lt board no gt lt address gt INSTR GPIBO 28 INSTR TCPIP lt network name gt INSTR TCPIP rssmu200a100123 INSTR TCPIP lt ip address gt INSTR TCPIP 192 168 0 123 INSTR USB lt vendor id gt lt product id gt lt serial gt INSTR USB 0xAAD 0x4B 100123 INSTR USB connections require the vendor ID the product ID as well as the instrument serial number The vendor ID for all Rohde amp Schwarz instruments is OxOAAD The following table lists product ID numbers for instruments supporting USB remote control AFQ100A 0x4B AMU200A 0x55 SMATE200A 0x46 SMBV100A OxSF Double clicking the checkbox of an an instrument tree item opens or closes the connection If the connection set up was successful a green check mark indicates that this link is currently active If the connection set up fails a red icon shows the failure state Available device Open connection Unavailable device The Pulse Sequencer software supports one instrument link at a time If an active link exists and another instrument should be connected it is required to close the active link first 1171 5202 42 08 22 E 1 R amp S K6 Pulse Sequencer Setting up the Instrument Link The delete button removes a selected entry from the instrument list Make sure to close the instrument link before attempting to delete the device from the list New instruments can be added at any time by using the co
54. cenar las celdas o bater as en estuches o cajones en cuyo interior puedan cortocircuitarse por contacto rec proco o por contacto con otros materiales conductores No deben extraerse las celdas o bater as de sus embalajes originales hasta el momento en que vayan a utilizarse Las celdas o bater as no deben someterse a impactos mec nicos fuertes indebidos En caso de falta de estanqueidad de una celda el l quido vertido no debe entrar en contacto con la piel ni los ojos Si se produce contacto lavar con agua abundante la zona afectada y avisar a un m dico En caso de cambio o recarga inadecuados las celdas o bater as que contienen electrolitos alcalinos p ej las celdas de litio pueden explotar Para garantizar la seguridad del producto las celdas o bater as solo deben ser sustituidas por el tipo Rohde amp Schwarz correspondiente ver lista de recambios Las bater as y celdas deben reciclarse y no deben tirarse a la basura dom stica Las bater as o acumuladores que contienen plomo mercurio o cadmio deben tratarse como residuos especiales Respete en esta relaci n las normas nacionales de eliminaci n y reciclaje Transporte 1 El producto puede tener un peso elevado Por eso es necesario desplazarlo o transportarlo con precauci n y si es necesario usando un sistema de elevaci n adecuado p ej una carretilla elevadora a fin de evitar lesiones en la espalda u otros da os personales Las asas instaladas en los pr
55. cessary electric shock fire and or serious personal injury or death may occur 1 Prior to switching on the product always ensure that the nominal voltage setting on the product matches the nominal voltage of the AC supply network If a different voltage is to be set the power fuse of the product may have to be changed accordingly 2 Inthe case of products of safety class with movable power cord and connector operation is permitted only on sockets with a protective conductor contact and protective conductor 3 Intentionally breaking the protective conductor either in the feed line or in the product itself is not permitted Doing so can result in the danger of an electric shock from the product If extension cords or connector strips are implemented they must be checked on a regular basis to ensure that they are safe to use 4 If there is no power switch for disconnecting the product from the AC supply network or if the power switch is not suitable for this purpose use the plug of the connecting cable to disconnect the product from the AC supply network In such cases always ensure that the power plug is easily reachable and accessible at all times For example if the power plug is the disconnecting device the length of the connecting cable must not exceed 3 m Functional or electronic switches are not suitable for providing disconnection from the AC supply network If products without power switches are integrated into racks or systems
56. cipal waste but must be collected separately It may only be disposed of at a suitable collection point or via a Rohde amp Schwarz customer service center 1171 0000 42 06 Page 6 Instrucciones de seguridad elementales 2 Waste electrical and electronic equipment must not be disposed of with unsorted municipal waste but must be collected separately Rohde amp Schwarz GmbH amp Co KG has developed a disposal concept and takes full responsibility for take back obligations and disposal obligations for manufacturers within the EU Contact your Rohde amp Schwarz customer service center for environmentally responsible disposal of the product 3 If products or their components are mechanically and or thermally processed in a manner that goes beyond their intended use hazardous substances heavy metal dust such as lead beryllium nickel may be released For this reason the product may only be disassembled by specially trained personnel Improper disassembly may be hazardous to your health National waste disposal regulations must be observed 4 If handling the product releases hazardous substances or fuels that must be disposed of in a special way e g coolants or engine oils that must be replenished regularly the safety instructions of the manufacturer of the hazardous substances or fuels and the applicable regional waste disposal regulations must be observed Also observe the relevant safety instructions in the product documentation T
57. constant level defined by the on level attenuation Typically the on level attenuation is zero and therefore the RF power set to the maximum The on time is the total time from the very end of the rising edge to the very beginning of the falling edge 100 level 1 5 4 Fall Time For the fall time the same applies as for the rising edge section In contrast to the rising edge power changes from the on level to the off level 1171 5202 42 08 25 E 1 Creating New Pulses R amp S K6 Pulse Sequencer 1 5 5 Off Time The off time follows the falling edge of the pulse During this time the RF power is suppressed to the off level and no modulation is applied The sum of all the above times form the PRT pulse repetition time or PRI pulse repetition interval 1 5 6 PRI PRF PRI and PRF values define the overall time of a pulse cycle This value can be used alternatively to the pulse off time In this case the software uses PRF or PRI to define the overall pulse cycle time and determines the off time automatically by adding the times for delay rising edge on period and falling edge The remainder to the PRI is used as the off time PRF or PRI settings are very useful if the pulse timing changes e g by jitter but the total duration of the pulse cycle must remain constant 1 6 Arbitrary Pulse Envelope Instead of defining a pulse by its rise on and fall time it is also possible to la Use Custom Envelope or 140 Data use arbitrary enve
58. d into three sections The tree on the left side lists all predefined filter types The middle section defines filter parameters that are required for the selected filter type The right side of the dialog is used to import custom filter data if the filter type is set to User Data W Enable Baseband Filter m El General Filter Settings andar Jk Rectangular e MG Oversampling Fe 1 00 C Root Cosine JA Gaussian E User Data Window Hife Vincent si H O Upper Sideband Cutoff Frequency 6 000 MHz at Holl Off BT Fe 0 220 1 2 X Fig 32 Baseband filter dialog Enable Baseband Filter The check box enables or disables the baseband filter Window The window function is multiplied with the filter function and therefore influences the resulting output spectrum Cutoff Frequency Sets the filters cut off frequency For example a cut off frequency of 2 MHZ results in a total RF bandwidth of 4 MHZ 1171 5202 42 08 54 E 1 R amp S K6 Pulse Sequencer The Baseband Filter Dialog Roll Off BT Some filters such as cosine or root cosine require an additional roll off factor to determine the excess bandwidth Gauss filters require the parameter BeT instead of roll off B filter 3 dB bandwidth T symbol period BeT is related to the ARB sample rate before any oversampling is performed The Pulse Sequencer software estimates the filter bandwidth by the equation f B T sample rate assuming that one symbol corresp
59. dores M s informaci n en la secci n Eliminaci n protecci n del medio ambiente punto 1 1171 0000 42 06 Page 8 Instrucciones de seguridad elementales Significado S mbolo Significado Aviso Cuidado en el manejo de dispositivos _ Distintivo de la UE para la eliminaci n por sensibles a la electrost tica ESD separado de dispositivos el ctricos y electr nicos M s informaci n en la secci n Eliminaci n protecci n del medio ambiente punto 2 Advertencia rayo l ser M s informaci n en la secci n Funcionamiento punto 7 Palabras de se al y su significado En la documentaci n del producto se utilizan las siguientes palabras de se al con el fin de advertir contra riesgos y peligros PELIGRO identifica un peligro inminente con riesgo elevado que PELIGRO provocar muerte o lesiones graves si no se evita ADVERTENCIA identifica un posible peligro con riesgo medio de provocar muerte o lesiones graves si no se evita lesiones leves o moderadas si no se evita AVISO indica la posibilidad de utilizar mal el producto y como consecuencia da arlo En la documentaci n del producto se emplea de forma sin nima el t rmino CUIDADO I ATENCI N ATENCI N identifica un peligro con riesgo reducido de provocar Las palabras de se al corresponden a la definici n habitual para aplicaciones civiles en el rea econ mica europea Pueden existir definiciones diferentes a esta definici
60. e Rechargeable batteries and normal batteries that contain lead mercury or cadmium are hazardous waste Observe the national regulations regarding waste disposal and recycling Transport 1 The product may be very heavy Therefore the product must be handled with care In some cases the user may require a suitable means of lifting or moving the product e g with a lift truck to avoid back or other physical injuries Handles on the products are designed exclusively to enable personnel to transport the product It is therefore not permissible to use handles to fasten the product to or on transport equipment such as cranes fork lifts wagons etc The user is responsible for securely fastening the products to or on the means of transport or lifting Observe the safety regulations of the manufacturer of the means of transport or lifting Noncompliance can result in personal injury or material damage If you use the product in a vehicle it is the sole responsibility of the driver to drive the vehicle safely and properly The manufacturer assumes no responsibility for accidents or collisions Never use the product in a moving vehicle if doing so could distract the driver of the vehicle Adequately secure the product in the vehicle to prevent injuries or other damage in the event of an accident Waste disposal Environmental protection 1 Specially marked equipment has a battery or accumulator that must not be disposed of with unsorted muni
61. e offsets when generating the carriers Parameters Spacing kHz 1 HZ 100 0 MHz Spacing between carriers Random phase yes User random phase to reduce pk to av ratio no Use start phase zero 1171 5202 42 08 42 E 1 R amp S K6 Pulse Sequencer Creating New Pulses Multi Tone The multi tone modulation creates a signal with up to five custom CW frequencies Parameters f1 MHz 100 MHz 100MHz 1 carrier frequency f2 MHZ 100 MHz 100MHz 2 carrier frequency f4 MHz 100 MHz 100MHz 4 carrier frequency f5 MHz 100 MHz 100MHz 5 carrier frequency Unused frequencies value must be set to zero f3 MHz 100 MHz 100MHz 3 carrier frequency FM Chirp The FM chirp sweeps the RF signal across a set frequency range Parameters RF Bandwidth MHz 1 HZ 600 0 MHz The frequency is swept from BW 2 to BW 2 Shape ramp up The frequency is ascending linear ramp down The frequency is descending linear sine The frequency follows a full sine wave exp The frequency is ascending exponentially according to 2 718281828 x exp 10 The frequency is ascending exponentially according to 10 0 x triangular The frequency ascends and then descends inv trian The frequency descends and then ascends Polynomial FM This modulation creates an FM chirp that is generated using a polynomial The equation below is used to calculate the instantaneous frequency versus time f t s a ta tta t a 0 a t a t
62. e This entry only makes sense if the previous line item uses the same pulse definition In this case all jitter values from the previous line item are reused Mseg This entry only makes sense with jitter data provided by an ordered list of values and when working with Multi Segment waveforms It uses the Multi Segment waveform index for taking values from the list M1 M2 M3 M4 These fields can be cycled through the states OFF gt 1ST LAST ALL and are used to mask marker information depending on the pulse repetition A prerequisite for using these settings is that marker flags are assigned to pulse phases in the underlying pulse definition OFF No marker information is added 1ST Maker information is generated for the first pulse out of all repetitions only LAST Marker information is generated for the last pulse out of all repetitions only ALL The marker information is generated for all repetitions 1171 5202 42 08 91 E 1 The Sequence Editor R amp S K6 Pulse Sequencer 6 3 General Sequence Settings A sequence contains not only the order of pulses that are to be used but also general information that is required for the waveform generation Most of these settings are located at the top of the sequence editor dialog Mame AM IFM Baseband Filter _ d Comment Report d Copyright Rohde amp Schwarz Sample Rate 50 000000 MHz Fig 30 General sequence settings Name This field sets the name of the sequence
63. eader about risks and dangers Indicates an imminently hazardous situation which if not avoided will result DANGER in death or serious injury Indicates a potentially hazardous situation which if not avoided could result WARNING in death or serious injury Indicates a potentially hazardous situation which if not avoided could result in minor or moderate injury Indicates the possibility of incorrect operation which can result in damage to NOTICE the product In the product documentation the word ATTENTION is used synonymously These signal words are in accordance with the standard definition for civil applications in the European Economic Area Definitions that deviate from the standard definition may also exist in other economic areas or military applications It is therefore essential to make sure that the signal words described here are always used only in connection with the related product documentation and the related product The use of signal words in connection with unrelated products or documentation can result in misinterpretation and in personal injury or material damage 1171 0000 42 06 Page 2 Basic Safety Instructions Operating states and operating positions The product may be operated only under the operating conditions and in the positions specified by the manufacturer without the product s ventilation being obstructed If the manufacturer s specifications are not observed this can result in electr
64. eams EMC classes in line with CISPR 11 Class A Equipment suitable for use in all environments except residential environments and environments that are directly connected to a low voltage supply network that supplies residential buildings Class B Equipment suitable for use in residential environments and environments that are directly connected to a low voltage supply network that supplies residential buildings Repair and service 1 The product may be opened only by authorized specially trained personnel Before any work is performed on the product or before the product is opened it must be disconnected from the AC supply network Otherwise personnel will be exposed to the risk of an electric shock Adjustments replacement of parts maintenance and repair may be performed only by electrical experts authorized by Rohde amp Schwarz Only original parts may be used for replacing parts relevant to safety e g power switches power transformers fuses A safety test must always be performed after parts relevant to safety have been replaced visual inspection protective conductor test insulation resistance measurement leakage current measurement functional test This helps ensure the continued safety of the product 1171 0000 42 06 Page 5 Basic Safety Instructions Batteries and rechargeable batteries cells If the information regarding batteries and rechargeable batteries cells is not observed either at all or to the e
65. ect Once data is loaded it becomes part of the pulse definition and is saved in the project file Copying the pulse creates a new pulse with a full copy of the imported data The Import Mode control selects the mode between Level envelope data only and and Q for full UO data import Set the mode before attempting to load any data into the Pulse Sequencer project The two column controls define the columns in an ASCII file from which the envelope or UO data is imported The Pulse Sequencer software accepts floating point ASCII text files with data organized in columns The Import Data From File button selects the source file and imports data as defined into the project The Clear All Data button removes all data from the project file Note about arbitrary data Once arbitrary data is imported it becomes a permanent part of the project file Importing a large number of data points may therefore grow the project file to a very large size Arbitrary data remains present even if the Use Custom Envelope or I Q Data button is disabled This allows the user to flexibly switch between both modes without the need to clear and reload any data If arbitrary envelope data is not required any more it is suggested to clear it from the project file by using the Clear All Data button Copying a pulse also copies all arbitrary data 1171 5202 42 08 2 E 1 Creating New Pulses R amp S K6 Pulse Sequencer 1 9 General Pulse Settings Leve
66. ed in the view port changes depending on the number of samples looked at If the number of samples is greater than the number of screen points the view mode shows straight lines between the minimum and maximum value that falls within one screen point This ensures that the full envelope is always visible If the number of samples is lower than the number of screen points the Pulse Sequencer software shows individual sample points and connecting lines in between The two pictures below demonstrate the difference when looking at a sine wave Fig 36 Zoomed out Fig 37 Zoomed in A set of navigation buttons are placed above the view port area These buttons provide general navigation functions such as moving to waveform locations Zooming in and out as well as zooming to a marked area Move to the very beginning of the waveform Move left by half the display length Move right by half the display length Slider Reposition within the trace Zoom out by a factor of two Zoom in by a factor of two around the centre of the view port Zoom to the boundaries set by the two cursor lines 1171 5202 42 08 61 E 1 The Sequence View R amp S K6 Pulse Sequencer Two controls on the right side above the view port select the way data is represented and toggle the marker reading display The different data representations are discussed below e HO View Sets the view port to display the I and Q signal versus time Both signals use a line
67. efault state Please Note Once all RF List data is copied to the instrument and the Activate option is enabled the instrument starts a learning process This learning mechanism involves a baseband pre set to a sine wave test signal RF Lists should therefore be transferred to the instrument before the baseband is configured 1171 5202 42 08 I E 1 The Log Panel R amp S K6 Pulse Sequencer 21 The Log Panel HE List Transfe Log The log panel records status messages that the Pulse Sequencers software generates The log panel is always available as the right most tab in the main application window All log messages are read only but data can be marked and copied to the clipboard using Ctrl C The log panel output is useful to determine the cause for an error or unexpected program behaviour It also displays all SCPI communication between the Pulse Sequencer software and the instrument 1171 5202 42 08 78 E 1 R amp S K6 Pulse Sequencer Plug in Modules 22 Plug in Modules Plug ins can be used to extend the Pulse Sequencers built in modulation capabilities Some example plug ins are provided with the software as binary and source code and may serve as a Starting point for own applications The following sections discuss the plug in mechanism in more detail and provide information on the programming interface 6 13 The Plug in Mechanism Plug ins are Microsoft Windows DLLs and need to be located in the sub director
68. erar da os a la salud Por eso en caso de incendio deben usarse medidas adecuadas como p ej m scaras antig s e indumentaria de protecci n Los productos con l ser est n provistos de indicaciones de advertencia normalizadas en funci n de la clase de l ser del que se trate Los rayos l ser pueden provocar da os de tipo biol gico a causa de las propiedades de su radiaci n y debido a su concentraci n extrema de potencia electromagn tica En caso de que un producto Rohde amp Schwarz contenga un producto l ser p ej un lector de CD DVD no debe usarse ninguna otra configuraci n o funci n aparte de las descritas en la documentaci n del producto a fin de evitar lesiones p ej debidas a irradiaci n l ser Clases CEM seg n CISPR 11 Clase A dispositivo apropiado para el uso en cualquier zona excepto en reas residenciales y en aquellas zonas que se encuentran conectadas a una red de suministro de baja tensi n que alimenta un edificio de viviendas Clase B dispositivo apropiado para el uso en reas residenciales y en aquellas zonas que se encuentran conectadas a una red de suministro de baja tensi n que alimenta un edificio de viviendas Reparaci n y mantenimiento 1 El producto solamente debe ser abierto por personal especializado con autorizaci n para ello Antes de manipular el producto o abrirlo es obligatorio desconectarlo de la tensi n de alimentaci n para evitar toda posibilidad de choque el ctrico
69. esplazar o transportar el producto lea y tenga en cuenta el cap tulo Transporte Como con todo producto de fabricaci n industrial no puede quedar excluida en general la posibilidad de que se produzcan alergias provocadas por algunos materiales empleados los llamados al rgenos p ej el n quel Si durante el manejo de productos Rohde amp Schwarz se producen reacciones al rgicas como p ej irritaciones cut neas estornudos continuos enrojecimiento de la conjuntiva o dificultades respiratorias debe avisarse inmediatamente a un m dico para investigar las causas y evitar cualquier molestia o da o a la salud Antes de la manipulaci n mec nica y o t rmica o el desmontaje del producto debe tenerse en cuenta imprescindiblemente el cap tulo Eliminaci n protecci n del medio ambiente punto 1 Ciertos productos como p ej las instalaciones de radiocomunicaci n RF pueden a causa de su funci n natural emitir una radiaci n electromagn tica aumentada Deben tomarse todas las medidas necesarias para la protecci n de las mujeres embarazadas Tambi n las personas con marcapasos pueden correr peligro a causa de la radiaci n electromagn tica El empresario operador tiene la obligaci n de evaluar y se alizar las reas de trabajo en las que exista un riesgo elevado de exposici n a radiaciones Tenga en cuenta que en caso de incendio pueden desprenderse del producto sustancias t xicas gases l quidos etc que pueden gen
70. g in Parameters szModAuthor out String with author information May be an empty string 6 14 6 Get Error void __declspec dilexport cdecl mod error char szModError 1024 This function is mandatory It is called from Pulse Sequencer whenever another function returns false and may return additional error information Parameter szModError out Explaining error text It is suggested to clear any internal error text after is it queried through this function 1171 5202 42 08 80 E 1 R amp S K6 Pulse Sequencer Plug in Modules 6 14 7 int__ declspec dllexport __ cdecl mod_init void Initialization This function is used to initialize the plug in It is called once after the plug in is loaded into memory and may set up internal variables Return true The initialization completed successfully o Error during the initialization The plug in is removed from memory 6 14 8 Shutdown void declspec dllexport cdecl mod_shutdown void This optional function is called when the main application terminates and may be used to clean up previously allocated memory Errors are not evaluated any more since the plug in shutdown happens at a relatively late stage during the Pulse Sequencer termination 6 14 9 void declspec allexport cdecl mod setparam Setup Parameters const char szType void pData This function is mandatory It is called multiple times just before a pulse calculation starts and
71. g pulse amplitude in logarithmic scale with AWGN at 40 dB attenuation The pulse amplitude is attenuated by 20 dB from full scale It can be seen that the AWGN is Superimposed during all phases of the pulse Fig 11 Signal affected by AWGN 1171 5202 42 08 29 E 1 Creating New Pulses R amp S K6 Pulse Sequencer Jitter Settings Applying jitter is one of the Pulse Sequencers most powerful functions This paragraph discusses jitter settings in detail and m Enable Jitter 1 highlights possible areas of use On Time us In general a jitter is understood as the change of a pulse parameter uen in either a random or ordered way This parameter alteration Uniform Distribution Y enables the simulation of real world scenarios or technical More imperfections Possible areas of use are the random variation of a rising or falling edge position for the simulation of a technically Fig 12 Jitter settings imperfect trigger signal Parameters such as the pulse repetition frequency may also be altered by using a staircase type jitter which is required for the generation of some radar signals The following parameters can be affected by jitter e Delay Time us e Rise Time us e OnTime us e Fall Time us e Off Time us e PRF PRI Hz us e Level Attenuation On dB e Level Attenuation Off dB e Frequency Offset MHz e Phase degrees e FM Deviation MHz e Skip Entry 1 0 The last item Skip Entry i
72. good autocorrelation properties 1171 5202 42 08 3 E 1 Creating New Pulses R amp S K6 Pulse Sequencer 1 13 The Data Source Editor The Data Source Editor can be invoked from the menu bar Project Data Sources or by the Sources button on the pulse modulation panel The tree on the left side lists all available data sources Clicking on one of the items activates the Sync4Q Sync Pattern 40 bits editing fields on the right side TT op SVSB Segment Start Fig 23 Data sources tree EHS Data Sources Sync Pattern 20 bits New data sources can be added with the New button that is located above the data sources tree Selected entries can be removed using the Delete button Once a new data source is created its content can be set up using the data bits entry field The number of valid bits are shown on the right Be EI Se side above the entry field 10101010 beginning The entry field evaluates zeros 0 and ones 1 1010 0101 as well as numbers in hexadecimal format 0101 H ending Comments can be enclosed in slashes The following overview explains how data is Fig 24 Data bits editor interpreted e All blank characters are ignored e Aslash turns the comment field on or off e The sequence x starts hexadecimal input for the remainder of the line e Anew line turns hexadecimal and comment mode off e Ones and zeros are evaluated as single bits Input Examples 1100 0100 comment 1111 0000
73. hase check box keeps the Frequency Offset 0 000000 MHz signal phase from the end of the previous pulse and adds the start phase to this value This enables the Fig 9 Phase and frequency settings user to continue with a phase modulated signal from one pulse to the next The Frequency Offset shifts the pulse in frequency away from the RF carrier It is important that large enough ARB sample rates are set in the final sequence to allow for the desired frequency shift A minimum of double the ARB sample rate is required for a given frequency offset The check box Hide Entry In Tree is used to hide this pulse entry in the project tree This is useful if a large number of pulses exist and the user only needs to generate sequences or Multi Segment waveforms without seeing or altering the underlying pulse definitions 1171 5202 42 08 28 E 1 R amp S K6 Pulse Sequencer Creating New Pulses The AWGN check box activates the generation of Additive White Gaussian Noise The noise is superimposed during Noise all phases of the pulse at a set level and bandwidth The Level Att control sets the attenuation of the AWGN MV AWGN signal from full scale Level Att 200 dB The Bandwidth values sets the bandwidth in which the Bandwidth a 50000 MHz AWGN signal is created In order to use this bandwidth it is required to chose a sufficiently high ARB sample rate in the Fig 10 AWGN settings final sequence The example below shows the resultin
74. he cause and to prevent health problems or stress Before you start processing the product mechanically and or thermally or before you take it apart be sure to read and pay special attention to the section titled Waste disposal Environmental protection item 1 Depending on the function certain products such as RF radio equipment can produce an elevated level of electromagnetic radiation Considering that unborn babies require increased protection pregnant women must be protected by appropriate measures Persons with pacemakers may also be exposed to risks from electromagnetic radiation The employer operator must evaluate workplaces where there is a special risk of exposure to radiation and if necessary take measures to avert the potential danger Should a fire occur the product may release hazardous substances gases fluids etc that can cause health problems Therefore suitable measures must be taken e g protective masks and protective clothing must be worn Laser products are given warning labels that are standardized according to their laser class Lasers can cause biological harm due to the properties of their radiation and due to their extremely concentrated electromagnetic power If a laser product e g a CD DVD drive is integrated into a Rohde amp Schwarz product absolutely no other settings or functions may be used as described in the product documentation The objective is to prevent personal injury e g due to laser b
75. he improper disposal of hazardous substances or fuels can cause health problems and lead to environmental damage For additional information about environmental protection visit the Rohde amp Schwarz website Instrucciones de seguridad elementales jEs imprescindible leer y cumplir las siguientes instrucciones e informaciones de seguridad El principio del grupo de empresas Rohde amp Schwarz consiste en tener nuestros productos siempre al dia con los estandares de seguridad y de ofrecer a nuestros clientes el maximo grado de seguridad Nuestros productos y todos los equipos adicionales son siempre fabricados y examinados segun las normas de seguridad vigentes Nuestro sistema de garantia de calidad controla constantemente que sean cumplidas estas normas El presente producto ha sido fabricado y examinado segun el certificado de conformidad adjunto de la UE y ha salido de nuestra planta en estado impecable segun los estandares tecnicos de seguridad Para poder preservar este estado y garantizar un funcionamiento libre de peligros el usuario debera atenerse a todas las indicaciones informaciones de seguridad y notas de alerta El grupo de empresas Rohde amp Schwarz est siempre a su disposici n en caso de que tengan preguntas referentes a estas informaciones de seguridad Adem s queda en la responsabilidad del usuario utilizar el producto en la forma debida Este producto est destinado exclusivamente al uso en la industria y el laboratorio
76. he list is played back 1171 5202 42 08 74 E 1 R amp S K6 Pulse Sequencer RF Lists The RF List editor provides a table that contains the frequency and level pairs of the RF List An entry can be edited by double clicking into the field In addition limits can be set to mask items that fall within the limit range These items are marked green in the list moe 4 vm Remote List File S AV rees Banden sw Fic Delete The button deletes a selected line item from the RF List Add Insert a new entry into the RF List Move Entry Up This button moves a selected line item up by one position The first line item cannot be moved further up and remains at its position Move Entry Down This button moves a selected line item down by one position The last item cannot be moved further down and remains at its position Import The import button reads list entries from an ASCII text file The frequency and level pairs must be separated in columns Export The export button writes the RF List data to a text file The file contains a header as well as the frequency and level pairs The last column compares the frequency and level values against the set limits and marks the line items with pass P or fail F indicators Project FCC 15 407 FCC 060 96A Author Rohde amp Schwarz Date Nov Li 2008 Version 2 0 0 RF List Random Hop List Lev min 0 00 Lev max 0 00 F MIN DeD92500 1171 5202 42 08 75 E 1
77. ic shock fire and or serious personal injury or death Applicable local or national safety regulations and rules for the prevention of accidents must be observed in all work performed 1 Unless otherwise specified the following requirements apply to Rohde amp Schwarz products predefined operating position is always with the housing floor facing down IP protection 2X use only indoors max operating altitude 2000 m above sea level max transport altitude 4500 m above sea level A tolerance of 10 shall apply to the nominal voltage and 5 to the nominal frequency overvoltage category 2 pollution severity 2 2 Donot place the product on surfaces vehicles cabinets or tables that for reasons of weight or stability are unsuitable for this purpose Always follow the manufacturer s installation instructions when installing the product and fastening it to objects or structures e g walls and shelves An installation that is not carried out as described in the product documentation could result in personal injury or even death 3 Do not place the product on heat generating devices such as radiators or fan heaters The ambient temperature must not exceed the maximum temperature specified in the product documentation or in the data sheet Product overheating can cause electric shock fire and or serious personal injury or even death Electrical safety If the information on electrical safety is not observed either at all or to the extent ne
78. ict the conditions of this License they do not excuse you from the conditions of this License If you cannot distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this License and any other pertinent obligations then as a consequence you may not distribute the Library at all For example if a patent license would not permit royalty free redistribution of the Library by all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you then the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to refrain entirely from distribution of the Library If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any particular circumstance the balance of the section is intended to apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any such claims this section has the sole purpose of protecting the integrity of the free software distribution system which is implemented by public license practices Many people have made generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed through that system in reliance on consistent application of that system it is up to the author donor to decide if he or she is willing to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot impose that choice This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to be
79. instruments the path depends on hardware options A valid standard path is var lt instrtype gt e g var smbv for an R amp S SMBV100A If the hard disk option is available the standard path is hdd regardless of the instrument Baseband A B The baseband button changes its state between ignore load and load run with each mouse click Use this button to define the action that is to be performed when the Transfer and Configure button in the lower panel section is pressed Routing This selection can be used on two path instruments to define the routing of the baseband signals A single path instrument only provides path A and uses a fixed routing RF Controls The RF controls set the RF frequency the output level and the output state of path A or B The check boxes define if the frequency or level value is applied or be left unchanged If neither frequency nor level is activated the entire RF section remains unchanged The state of the RF output signal is set by the ON OFF button Transfer and Configure The button sends the selected waveform file s to the instrument and configures both paths e as required Reset 63 Resets the instrument to a default state 1171 5202 42 08 67 E 1 Multi Segment Waveforms R amp S K6 Pulse Sequencer 19 Multi Segment Waveforms Multi Segment Transfer Log The Pulse Sequencers project tree lists all Multi Segment waveforms that belong to the current project Clicking on a Mu
80. inter to minimum value out pointer to maximum value For the default minimum and maximum value settings the Pulse Sequencer software provides the function with a pointer that could hold up to 1024 bytes The functions needs to type cast this pointer to the required data type Available Data Types szType Data Type Bytes Precision Purpose DBL double 8 3 double precision value DBL6 double 8 6 double precision value INT integer 4 0 integer value BOOL integer 4 0 boolean value yes no STR string 255 0 zero terminated string 1171 5202 42 08 85 E 1 Plug in Modules R amp S K6 Pulse Sequencer 6 14 14 Setting Plug in Configuration Parameters int decispec dillexport __cdecl mod_setconf int ilndex void pDat The function is optional but needs to exist if plug in parameters were registered with the Pulse Sequencer software It is used to set configuration parameters before a pulse calculation is started All configuration values are referenced to by the index that was used when requesting parameters from the plug in Parameters ilndex in Index of configuration parameter starting at zero pDat in Data from Pulse Sequencer The pointer needs to type casted into the correct data type Return true Parameter was set successfully false An error occurred setting the parameter Pulse Sequencer does subsequently query the plug in error string and stop all further processing 1171 5202 42 08 86 E 1 R amp S K6 Pulse Sequencer S
81. intra pulse modulation type dl Polyphase OFF disables the modulation and generates a pure TT QPSK CW signal All other modulation types are arranged in 3 Other groups such as AM FM PSK etc An extra tree branch ee contains plug in modules that were discovered during p 3 Pluci GE Plugins program start These plug ins may be used in the same way as internal modulation schemes TT Cirele Phi Chirp TT ISOMEC14443 2 Typed On the right side of the modulation type tree a table contains ISQVIECTB000 3 2004 E m all parameters that are relevant to the selected modulation Fig 20 Modulation selection tree type The table contents changes with the modulation selection Plug ins may also register up to 64 parameters that are available to the user When a new modulation is selected the table gets pre set to default values for this modulation Modified entries are stored in the Pulse Sequencers project file 1171 5202 42 08 36 E 1 R amp S K6 Pulse Sequencer Creating New Pulses The Reset button sets all configuration parameters back to the modulation or plug in default settings Out of range items are marked in yellow The limits for each entry are either determined by the 7 built in modulation or in case of a plug in are setting value requested from the plug in at program start Bc MHz The configuration parameters are very useful when working with plug ins as they permit the reuse of the same plug in code with many Fmax
82. ion void declspec allexport cdecl mod ver char szModVer 1024 This function is mandatory It shall return the version string of the plug in Parameters szModVer out Format X Y Z where X Y and Z are numeric values e g 2 34 01 1171 5202 42 08 79 E 1 Plug in Modules R amp S K6 Pulse Sequencer 6 14 3 Set Name void declspec dllexport __cdecl mod name char szModName 1024 This function is mandatory It provides the Pulse Sequencer software with the name of the plug in The name serves multiple purposes It is used to reference the plug in from a pulse descriptions and it is used in the project tree to identify the plug in Particularly the first statement requires that plug in names are unique and do not change at a later time If the plug in name changes the pulse definition becomes invalid and the pulse cannot be calculated any more Parameters szModName out Plug in Name Must not be an empty string Name must be unique 6 14 4 Get Comment Explanation void _declspec dilexport cdecl mod comment char szModComment 4096 This function is mandatory It is used to return explaining text regarding the plug in functionality Parameters szModComment out String with explaining text Multiple lines are possible May be an empty string 6 14 5 Get Author void declspec dllexport _ cdecl mod author char szModAuthor 1024 This function is mandatory It is used to return information about the author of a plu
83. ious pulse parameters and follow different mathematical rules Modulation The modulation panel defines the intra pulse modulation The Pulse Sequencer software provides a wide range of commonly used modulation schemes such as AM FM PSK or Chirps In addition plug ins may be utilized to add custom pulse content This dialog also defines the data sources that are used with a modulation scheme Marker Markers signals are additional digital instrument outputs that can be controlled synchronously with the waveform playback A common use for example is triggering a device under test or a Spectrum Analyzer at the beginning of a pulse The marker panel assigns marker signals to pulse sections such as the delay rise on fall or off time In case of multiple pulse repetitions the sequence editor allows to further mask marker signal output to only the first last or all pulses Please see the next paragraph for a detailed discussion of the panels described above 1171 5202 42 08 24 E 1 R amp S K6 Pulse Sequencer Creating New Pulses 1 5 Timing Parameters Timing parameters affect the pulse shape and are usually the first and most important parameters to define The timing panel Delay 20 000 us Y controls all phases of the pulse This is the Rise 4 0 000 z delay rise on fall and off time Time pe Y Une v values can be set in nanoseconds ns Un 100 000 p si microseconds us milliseconds ms or aj gt sec
84. itter profile off does not free any associated memory nor does it remove jitter data from the project file List data can only be removed by using the Clear button for the selected profile 1171 5202 42 08 Clear Import Column 1 File Hescale Gain 1 000 Offset 0 000 Apply Statistics Points 361 Mm 0 000 Max 70 716 Data Preview Fig 18 Viewing jitter data 35 E 1 Creating New Pulses R amp S K6 Pulse Sequencer 1 11 Combining Multiple Jitter Profiles If more complex jitter scenarios are required the Pulse Sequencer software is able to apply multiple jitter profiles to the same parameter The example below shows a series of 100 pulses with three different jitter profiles applied to the pulse power The first jitter profile is a linear ramp that decreases the power by 40 dB across all 100 repetitions The second jitter profile follows a sine wave The amplitude of this sine wave is 10 dB The third jitter applies uniform distributed noise with a maximum level of 5 dB Fig 19 Multiple jitters applied to the pulse power 1 12 Modulation Settings The Pulse Sequencer software provides a wide range of pulse modulation Intra pulse modulation refers to the pulse ae Internal rise on and fall time If the built in modulation schemes H aM are not sufficient custom plug ins may be used to extend the He FHM Pulse Sequencers capabilities EA PSK BPSK The modulation tree selects the
85. ker for the first 10 of the entire pulse repetition interval The marker flag definitions from this matrix are the fundamental marker definitions When pulses are used in sequences it is possible to further restrict marker signal generation in the sequence editor However if a marker is not tied to any pulse section in this dialog it cannot be used in a sequence In addition the preferences panel allows to inhibit markers globally This frees memory that can be used for waveform data instead 1171 5202 42 08 48 E 1 R amp S K6 Pulse Sequencer Creating Sequences 12 Creating Sequences A sequence combines a series of pulses with additional information such as the ARB sample rate baseband filters jitters as well as marker information It E Pulse Librar is therefore required create pulse definitions first and then build the SJ meet sequences zz Sequence Library A new sequence is created by either selecting Create New Sequence from at hev the menu bar or clicking the sequence creation button on top of the project tree second button from left In both cases a new sequence is created and its name set to new lt n gt Clicking on a sequence entry in the project tree opens the sequence editor The sequence editor panel mainly consists of a table that is populated with the pulse entries used in the sequence When a new sequence is created the last pulse from the pulse data base is automatically added as the very first item
86. l cursor is available and can be moved using the mouse The cursor shows the current and Q value as well as magnitude and phase e 1 Q Plane Vector Diagram The vector diagram shows individual I Q data points with connecting lines in between This view is only available for a smaller amount of data because a large number of data points would create too many points and hide signal details In the UC plane each sample must be displayed individually because averaging or min max detection would create false data points The grey circle marks the envelope level of 1 0 Clipping occurs if this limit is exceeded and therefore the circle indicates the maximum safe signal range S 1 45 Q 0 42 Fig 43 UO vector diagram e UO Plane Density Plot If a larger number of samples is analysed the Pulse Sequencer dag D Op Ph 0 software automatically switches to a density plot The density plot shows the probability at which l Q points occur in the waveform The display is relative to the point with the maximum probability set to 1 0 In pulsed signals with long idle times this is often the origin of the coordinate system The colour scale is logarithmic and ranges from 1 0 bright yellow down to a probability of 10 dark blue The scale on the left side is used as legend and explains the relationship between colours and vun 0 00 0 00 probability Fig 44 UO density plot 1171 5202 42 08 64 E 1 R amp S K6 Pulse Sequencer 6 8 FFT Spectrum
87. l settings control the RF output power level during all phases of the pulse The Pulse Sequencer uses two main Level settings to do so One is the attenuation during the on time whereas the other is the attenuation during the off time Usually the attenuation during the off time is much larger Level Att On y 0 00 dB than during the on time which causes an RF pulse with a al rising and falling edge If the attenuation was set to a high bere SH K 100 00 E value for On and a low value for Off the result would be an Log Droop 3 0 00 de inverse pulse This setting could for example be useful i for RFID devices that may require constant RF power Fig 8 Level settings Attenuation values must always be positive numbers between zero and up to about 100 dB The value of 100 dB is usually sufficient when using a 16 bit ARB because the signal is fully suppressed beyond 96 dB of attenuation Log Droop specifies a logarithmic change linear in dB scale of the RF power during the on time of a pulse A positive number decreases the RF power by the set amount whereas a negative number increases power The Start Phase parameter sets the phase shift of the resulting RF wave The permissible number Phase and Frequency range is 360 0 degrees to 360 0 degrees The phase setting refers to the starting point of the pulse Relative Phase I and modulation may change this phase during the pulse Start Phase y 0 00 degrees Activating the Relative P
88. ll not be loaded during start up 1171 5202 42 08 14 E 1 R amp S K6 Pulse Sequencer Starting the Pulse Sequencer 5 Starting the Pulse Sequencer When the Pulse Sequencer software is started the first time it automatically loads an examples project This project demonstrates various capabilities of the Pulse Sequencer software and may be used as a starting point for own waveforms General program settings such as the last project or active instruments are stored in the settings ini file in the application directory In case the Pulse Sequencer software does not start up as expected it is suggested to remove this file which would cause the software to start with default settings In addition several command line options exist for debugging purpose These options can be used in case the application does not start up correctly dstartup create additional debug out during start up stdout window no load project do not automatically load a project during start up no check instr do not verify an instrument link during start up no screen test do not test for a minimum screen resolution during start up 1171 5202 42 08 15 E 1 Migrating from V 1 x to V 2 x or V 3 x R amp S K6 Pulse Sequencer 6 Migrating from V 1 x to V 2 x or V 3 x Pulse Sequencer project data is saved as prj files in the XML file format Due to the nature of this file format most settings from version 1 x can be imported by version 2 x However additional settings th
89. lope data Arbitrary envelope data affects the level Import Amplitude data LO data View values versus time and therefore can be used with any kind of intra pulse modulation The basic functionality behind arbitrary envelope data is that Points 100 this data is multiplied with the existing Min 0 000 pulse shape created from the timing Max 1 013 parameters Time wise the arbitrary envelope is mapped to the pulse phase consisting of rise on and fall time In an ideal case the rise and fall time is set to zero and the on time defines the length of the arbitrary pulse shape Since arbitrary amplitude data is multiplied with the existing pulse shape it is suggested to use a values ranging from 0 to 1 0 to obtain correct levels The Pulse Sequencer software uses linear interpolation between data points to compute the resulting pulse envelope based on the given timing and ARB sample rate Shape Fig 7 Custom envelope data dialog 1171 5202 42 08 26 E 1 R amp S K6 Pulse Sequencer Creating New Pulses 1 7 VQ Data The R amp S Pulse Sequencer software can also make use of custom IO data for the intra pulse modulation or envelope Arbitrary IO data is applied during the rise on and fall time of a pulse If no rise time and fall time is set the I Q data completely controls the pulse shape and the intra pulse modulation 1 8 Importing Data The import tab loads arbitrary envelope or UO data into the Pulse Sequencer proj
90. lti Segment waveform entry opens the editor panel New MSWs are created by selecting Create New Multi Segment from the menu bar This adds a new MSW description to the project tree and opens the MSW editor panel Multi Segment waveforms contain a set of regular ARB waveforms with additional control information that permits arbitrary jumps between these segments Assembling Multi Segment waveforms is an automated process and consists of the following steps Create one a waveform from a sequence description Transfer the resulting waveform file to instrument Delete the local waveform file Append the waveform to the MSW description Repeat the above steps for all waveform segments Build the Multi Segment waveform on the instrument Optionally build a sequencer list for the Multi Segment waveform Configure the instrument for the MSW playback All the above steps can be executed automatically by the Pulse Sequencer software 6 9 General MSW Settings Mame Radar Type 5 0 Comment Path 8 random bursts m multi segment wayetorn w l Fig 47 General MSW settings Name Sets the name of the Multi Segment waveform This name is used for reference in the project tree and does not affect the waveform itself Use unique names to identify the MSW in the project tree Comment An optional comment field may be used to add explaining text to the MSW definition 1171 5202 42 08 68 E 1 R amp S K6 Pulse Sequencer Multi Segment Waveforms 6
91. n tambi n se deber n cambiar en caso dado los fusibles correspondientes del producto Los productos de la clase de protecci n con alimentaci n m vil y enchufe individual solamente podr n enchufarse a tomas de corriente con contacto de seguridad y con conductor de protecci n conectado Queda prohibida la interrupci n intencionada del conductor de protecci n tanto en la toma de corriente como en el mismo producto La interrupci n puede tener como consecuencia el riesgo de que el producto sea fuente de choques el ctricos Si se utilizan cables alargadores o regletas de enchufe deber garantizarse la realizaci n de un examen regular de los mismos en cuanto a su estado t cnico de seguridad Si el producto no est equipado con un interruptor para desconectarlo de la red o bien si el interruptor existente no resulta apropiado para la desconexi n de la red el enchufe del cable de conexi n se deber considerar como un dispositivo de desconexi n El dispositivo de desconexi n se debe poder alcanzar f cilmente y debe estar siempre bien accesible Si p ej el enchufe de conexi n a la red es el dispositivo de desconexi n la longitud del cable de conexi n no debe superar 3 m Los interruptores selectores o electr nicos no son aptos para el corte de la red el ctrica Si se integran productos sin interruptor en bastidores o instalaciones se deber colocar el interruptor en el nivel de la instalaci n No utilice nunca el pr
92. n be edited and contains the desired stop time in us 1171 5202 42 08 70 E 1 R amp S K6 Pulse Sequencer Multi Segment Waveforms 6 11 Building Multi Segment Waveforms The right side of the MSW editor contains two sections The upper section provides settings that are required for the MSW generation process Since MSWs are generated directly on the instrument it is required to set up the instrument link before attempting to build the MSW Mode Sequencer od Clock Rate User MHz SI 20 000000 Level Unchanged si BE Path Path A od Last Seq Blank si Fig 49 MSW build settings Mode The build mode can be selected between Sequencer and Regular In the sequencer mode an additional sequencer list is created and the entire Multi Segment waveform is played automatically This mode is useful if waveforms with long blank times need to be created In this case blank fillers may be used and the Pulse Sequencer Software automatically determines an optimum waveform length and repetition count for the blanks segment The regular mode adds the waveform segments but the user must switch the segments either via the user interface or via remote control Clock Rate The Clock Rate setting sets the target sample rate when the MSW is created on the instrument If unchanged is selected the instrument leaves the sample rates of the individual segments unchanged When the MSW is played back the sample rate will therefore change from segment to segment
93. n en otras reas econ micas o en aplicaciones militares Por eso se deber tener en cuenta que las palabras de se al aqu descritas sean utilizadas siempre solamente en combinaci n con la correspondiente documentaci n del producto y solamente en combinaci n con el producto correspondiente La utilizaci n de las palabras de se al en combinaci n con productos o documentaciones que no les correspondan puede llevar a interpretaciones equivocadas y tener por consecuencia da os en personas u objetos Estados operativos y posiciones de funcionamiento El producto solamente debe ser utilizado seg n lo indicado por el fabricante respecto a los estados operativos y posiciones de funcionamiento sin que se obstruya la ventilaci n Si no se siguen las indicaciones del fabricante pueden producirse choques el ctricos incendios y o lesiones graves con posible consecuencia de muerte En todos los trabajos deber n ser tenidas en cuenta las normas nacionales y locales de seguridad del trabajo y de prevenci n de accidentes 1171 0000 42 06 Page 9 Instrucciones de seguridad elementales Si no se convino de otra manera es para los productos Rohde amp Schwarz v lido lo que sigue como posicion de funcionamiento se define por principio la posicion con el suelo de la caja para abajo modo de proteccion IP 2X uso solamente en estancias interiores utilizacion hasta 2000 m sobre el nivel del mar transporte hasta 4500 m sobre el nivel del mar Se aplic
94. nd warnings provided in this manual If you have any questions regarding these safety instructions the Rohde amp Schwarz group of companies will be happy to answer them Furthermore it is your responsibility to use the product in an appropriate manner This product is designed for use solely in industrial and laboratory environments or if expressly permitted also in the field and must not be used in any way that may cause personal injury or property damage You are responsible if the product is used for any purpose other than its designated purpose or in disregard of the manufacturer s instructions The manufacturer shall assume no responsibility for such use of the product The product is used for its designated purpose if it is used in accordance with its product documentation and within its performance limits see data sheet documentation the following safety instructions Using the product requires technical skills and in some cases a basic knowledge of English It is therefore essential that only skilled and specialized staff or thoroughly trained personnel with the required skills be allowed to use the product If personal safety gear is required for using Rohde amp Schwarz products this will be indicated at the appropriate place in the product documentation Keep the basic safety instructions and the product documentation in a safe place and pass them on to the subsequent users Observing the safety instructions will help prevent pers
95. ng pulse modulation in parallel The R amp S Pulse Sequencer software allows the flexible generation of marker signals It is possible to tie a marker signal to the active part of the pulse and route this signal to the pulse modulator input of the vector signal generator The pulse modulator in the R amp S SMU200A offers an on off ratio of greater than 70 dBc 1171 5202 42 08 89 E 1 Open Source Acknowledgement R amp S K6 Pulse Sequencer 24 Open Source Acknowledgement This software makes use of valuable open source software packages The verbatim license texts are provided in the following section Package Link License Crystal Icons www yellowicons de LGPL V2 1 Crystal SVG Icons www kde look org LGPL www everaldo com 25 GNU Lesser General Public License Version 2 1 February 1999 Copyright C 1991 1999 Free Software Foundation Inc 51 Franklin Street Fifth Floor Boston MA 02110 1301 USA Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document but changing it is not allowed TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION 0 This License Agreement applies to any software library or other program which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder or other authorized party saying it may be distributed under the terms of this Lesser General Public License also called this License Each licensee is addressed as you A library means a collection of software functions
96. nmodulated modulated separation in pulse library New RF Lists features Up to 42 RF lists possible in project Instrument control Instrument manager with LAN search New instrument control concept with block chart Improved file transfer 1171 5202 42 08 8 E 1 R amp S K6 Pulse Sequencer Release Notes Changes from Version 2 x to Version 3 0 e Maximum number of modulation plugin variables increased to 255 e Modulation plugins can generate marker data e ARB preset can be suppressed during waveform transfer e Added MSK modulation e Square Root ramp type e Max number of RF lists increased to 100 e MSW Sequencer mode added to Multi Segment Waveforms e DFS signal generation updates e Bug fixes Changes from Version 3 0 to Version 3 1 e Data sources take bits and hexadecimal input e Added plugins and project files for ADS B Mode S Polynomial Chirp e Rebuild using CVI 2009 Runtime Libraries e Fixed problem loading DFS EXCEL report plugin e Application shows icon in task bar Changes from Version 3 1 to Version 3 4 e Fonts changed in entire applications to Arial fixes problems on some installations e Improved calculation of AWGN e Improved Multi Segment waveform editor e Attempting to erase a used data source displays warning message e Empty data sources could have caused a crash e Data sources can now be sorted e Sequences that are used in Multi Segment waveforms cannot be deleted e Improved waveform preview e
97. nononnnnncnnnnononononannnonanononannnss 28 o A E E A 30 Uniform DistriDUtion cece ec eccececeececeeeeeecececeeaeceeesataeeneeeeaeeesnaeanes 31 Normal Dstbuton 31 UNC AI RIN eree ee 32 NC SEAE O ENE E AI 32 SJEL es SEE 33 Value List lte un UN D 33 Value List Crdered A 33 Shape Interpolated ooccccoocccooocncoccnocononoconcononannconanononannnnnanonnns 33 o A 34 Using Tables as Source for Jitter Values 35 Combining Multiple Jitter rotes 36 Modulation SOTUING EE 36 The Data Source ECM EE 38 3 E 1 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1171 5202 42 08 Built In Modulation Tvpes 39 Marker elas EEE EE ER 48 Creating SequencesS rr rrnannnannnnnunnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnennnunnnunnnuennnee 49 The Sequence ENN asistida 50 General Sequence SettiMgS oocccococicoconncoconoconacnnonanononanonnnnanonnnnanonanennos 52 The Baseband Filter Dialog axxnnnrnnnnrnnnvnnnnnnnennnnnnnnnnnnennnnnnnnnn 54 Report att EIN ari 56 Overlaying Pulse Entries r rnnnnnnnnnnnnnnrnnnnnnnnennnnnnnnnennnnennnunnne 58 Overlay Application Evamples 59 Radar Antenna TX RX Gumulaton 59 Sector Blankmg 59 The Sequence ViewW ranxrnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnunnnunnnnennnunnnunnnnenn 60 Time Domain Dieplay 61 Marker Cursor Funchons 64 OPE ee er 64 FF Er 65 The Transfer Panel nrnnnnnnnnnnnannnnnnnnnnnnennnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnennnunnnnnnenn 66 Multi Segme
98. nt Waveforms rr nxxnnnennnunnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnunnunnnnnne 68 General MSW SettidgS oocccooccococonococononononocononnnnnanonnnnnnononnnnnananonannnanos 68 MEN Ene 69 Building Multi Segment VW avetomms 71 Operating Multi Segment WWaveiormms 73 RE LISIS ds 74 MEL Pan lanar 78 Plug in d Lee UE 79 The Plug in Mechantem 79 The Programming AP asian isa 19 GT 79 EA 0 EE EE EN 19 SANN 80 Get Comment Evplanaton 80 EET OI REE ENE ai 80 GE ET las acaba 80 Ta 115 re EE EE eno 81 E 81 SPANN 81 SE E eebe EE 82 Plug in Modulation Enge 82 Plug in Modulation Engine Ze 84 Query Plug in Configuration Parameter 85 Setting Plug in Configuration Harameiers 86 23 Sample Rate Considerations ranxrannxnnnennnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnunnunnnnnne 87 Minimum Pulse WON E 87 EN 88 Dynamo Ve CT 89 24 Open Source Acknowledgement annnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnennnnnnnennnr 90 25 GNU Lesser General Public LicenSe arxrnnnennnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnunnne 90 1171 5202 42 08 5 E 1 Abbreviations R amp S K6 Pulse Sequencer 1 Abbreviations AM ARB ASK AWGN CW GPIB FFT FM FSK LAN PRBS PRF PRT PRI PSK QAM QPSK RF USB VISA VSB XML 1171 5202 42 08 Amplitude Modulation Arbitrary Arbitrary Waveform Generator Amplitude Shift Keying Additive White Gaussian Noise Continuous Wave General Purpose Instrument Instrumentation Bus Fast Fourier Transformation Frequency Modulation Frequenc
99. ntrols shown below The first input field depends on the selected hardware interface The second line is used for an optional comment The comment has no function but it is displayed in the second column of the instrument tree Add Manually Host or IF TCPAP rsafq1 005100053 Comment AFEHOOB Fig 4 Adding instruments manually Clicking the Add Manually button adds the new instrument to the instrument tree The Pulse Sequencer also provides two scanning functions that can be used to discover instruments An instrument scan can be performed on GPIB hardware or in a local area network LAN Use the button Scan GPIB to add all supported devices that are connected to a local GPIB controller Scan GPIB Board 0 Scan LAN Domain Instrument Fig 5 Scanning for instruments The board number is zero for the first board installed in the PC The Scan LAN button performs a search for instruments in a LAN In order to narrow down the search in larger LANs a domain name should be provided for the search By default Rohde amp Schwarz instruments are configured to use the Instrument domain 1171 5202 42 08 23 E 1 Creating New Pulses R amp S K6 Pulse Sequencer 11 Creating New Pulses Pulses are the fundamental building blocks of any sequence and Rz therefore need to be created as a very first step in any new J m P rN Y project New pulses are created by either selecting GL Pulse Librar Al wae y Create New
100. ny medium provided that you conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty keep intact all the notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty and distribute a copy of this License along with the Library You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy and you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee 2 You may modify your copy or copies of the Library or any portion of it thus forming a work based on the Library and copy and distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1 above provided that you also meet all of these conditions e a The modified work must itself be a software library e b You must cause the files modified to carry prominent notices stating that you changed the files and the date of any change e Clou must cause the whole of the work to be licensed at no charge to all third parties under the terms of this License e d Ifa facility in the modified Library refers to a function or a table of data to be supplied by an application program that uses the facility other than as an argument passed when the facility is invoked then you must make a good faith effort to ensure that in the event an application does not supply such function or table the facility still operates and performs whatever part of its purpose remains meaningful For example a function in a library to compute
101. oducto si est da ado el cable de conexi n a red Compruebe regularmente el correcto estado de los cables de conexi n a red Aseg rese mediante las medidas de protecci n y de instalaci n adecuadas de que el cable de conexi n a red no pueda ser da ado o de que nadie pueda ser da ado por l p ej al tropezar o por un choque el ctrico 1171 0000 42 06 Page 10 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Instrucciones de seguridad elementales Solamente est permitido el funcionamiento en redes de alimentaci n TN TT aseguradas con fusibles de 16 A como m ximo utilizaci n de fusibles de mayor amperaje solo previa consulta con el grupo de empresas Rohde amp Schwarz Nunca conecte el enchufe en tomas de corriente sucias o llenas de polvo Introduzca el enchufe por completo y fuertemente en la toma de corriente La no observaci n de estas medidas puede provocar chispas fuego y o lesiones No sobrecargue las tomas de corriente los cables alargadores o las regletas de enchufe ya que esto podr a causar fuego o choques el ctricos En las mediciones en circuitos de corriente con una tensi n Ue gt 30 V se deber n tomar las medidas apropiadas para impedir cualquier peligro p ej medios de medici n adecuados seguros limitaci n de tensi n corte protector aislamiento etc Para la conexi n con dispositivos inform ticos como un PC o un ordenador industrial debe comprobarse que stos cumplan los es
102. oductos sirven solamente de ayuda para el transporte del producto por personas Por eso no est permitido utilizar las asas para la sujeci n en o sobre medios de transporte como p ej gr as carretillas elevadoras de horquilla carros etc Es responsabilidad suya fijar los productos de manera segura a los medios de transporte o elevaci n Para evitar da os personales o da os en el producto siga las instrucciones de seguridad del fabricante del medio de transporte o elevaci n utilizado 1171 0000 42 06 Page 13 Instrucciones de seguridad elementales Si se utiliza el producto dentro de un vehiculo recae de manera exclusiva en el conductor la responsabilidad de conducir el vehiculo de manera segura y adecuada El fabricante no asumira ninguna responsabilidad por accidentes o colisiones No utilice nunca el producto dentro de un vehiculo en movimiento si esto pudiera distraer al conductor Asegure el producto dentro del vehiculo debidamente para evitar en caso de un accidente lesiones u otra clase de danos Eliminacion proteccion del medio ambiente 1 Los dispositivos marcados contienen una bater a o un acumulador que no se debe desechar con los residuos dom sticos sin clasificar sino que debe ser recogido por separado La eliminaci n se debe efectuar exclusivamente a trav s de un punto de recogida apropiado o del servicio de atenci n al cliente de Rohde amp Schwarz Los dispositivos el ctricos usados no se deben desechar con
103. of pulse magnitudes e F t Am t View This view shows the pulse envelope in logarithmic scale as well as the instantaneous signal frequency versus time The frequency scale ranges from Fs 2 to Fs 2 with Fs being the ARB sampling rate Fig 41 Magnitude and frequency view of a series of chirped pulses 1171 5202 42 08 63 E 1 The Sequence View R amp S K6 Pulse Sequencer 6 6 Marker Cursor Functions The view port provides two vertical cursor lines that may be used for marker measurements or for defining the zoom range Each cursor line provides its absolute position in time and the sample number that it is positioned on In addition the distance between the two lines is calculated and shown as time difference and frequency The marker readings can be enabled using the Mkr ON button 6 7 I Q Plane The Pulse Sequencer software provides an l Q plane display in the lower left area of the sequence view panel The amount of data analysed and displayed in the I Q plane is the signal part visible in the view port time domain view The representation of I Q plane data depends on the amount of samples analysed For a large number of samples a density plot is used with a colour scale from blue to yellow that indicates how often a sample is located at a certain UO constellation point If the number of samples is relatively small the constellation points are displayed with interconnecting lines in between In both view modes a smal
104. oftware keeps a list of all Known instruments and memorizes the last active instrument default instrument When the Pulse Sequencer software starts it checks for the availability of this default instrument and in case it cannot be accessed disables the instrument link One of the first steps after a fresh installation is to set up your instruments using the Instrument Manager panel This panel can be accessed either from the transfer panel or directly from the menu bar Instrument Manager The instrument manager lists all known instruments in a tree view on the left side This tree is divided into two branches The first branch lists devices that were discovered during a scan whereas the second branch lists all manually added devices ST Discovered Dumg Scan TCPIP INSTRUMENT VYPC INSTR INSTRUMENT VDL 5 TCPIP RSSMU2008101079 INSTR HSSMU2008101079 Jl TECPIP RSSMU2008101485 INSTR HSSMU2008101485 er 4 Manually Added Instruments tepip rsafg1 00671 00063 instr AFOTODB H tepip resmby 1 00a255025 instr SMBYTODA H a tcpip rzafq100a1 O0023 instr AFT O04 EE tepip rssmuZ00al 01079 instr Fig 3 Instrument selection The Pulse Sequencer software uses VISA to interface with instruments Instruments are therefore identified by their VISA resource string The following list gives examples for the various physical interfaces such as GPIB LAN or USB Please verify with your instrument manual which interfa
105. on executable Plugins Plug ins for intra pulse modulation or reporting manual User manual files pdf format cvirte Run time environment files User files are placed into the user s home path under HOMEDRIVE HOMEPATH I Rohde SchwarzWK6 settings ini Program settings file Projects Project files Waveforms Storage location for K6 generated waveform files LogFiles Text report files generated by the application Reports Microsoft EXCEL reports for DFS signal generation Temp Temporary files Source Code Code examples for custom plug ins The R amp S Pulse Sequencer software is started by executing the K6 Pulse Sequencer exe file If not otherwise selected the installer places an icon on your desktop that links to this executable When the Pulse Sequencer software starts up it scans the sub directory Plugins for available user extensions All valid plug ins are automatically loaded and listed in the main project tree Note Pulse Sequencer V 2 x provides a plug in that automatically fills in Microsoft EXCEL reports during the generation of DFS pulse trains A separate manual bundled with this application explains the DFS signal generation process and use in more detail If you do not have Microsoft EXCEL installed on your PC or do not require to generate DFS signals it is suggested to remove the associated plug in in the Plugins sub directory The plug in name is Report DFS dilf and if placed outside of the Plugins sub directory it wi
106. onal injury or damage of any kind caused by dangerous situations Therefore carefully read through and adhere to the following safety instructions before and when using the product It is also absolutely essential to observe the additional safety instructions on personal safety for example that appear in relevant parts of the product documentation In these safety instructions the word product refers to all merchandise sold and distributed by the Rohde amp Schwarz group of companies including instruments systems and all accessories For product specific information see the data sheet and the product documentation Symbols and safety labels Direct current DC 1171 0000 42 06 Page 1 Basic Safety Instructions Protective conductor terminal Direct alternating current DC AC Ground Device fully protected by double reinforced insulation Ground terminal o EU labeling for batteries and accumulators For additional information see section Waste disposal Environmental protection item 1 Be careful when handling electrostatic sensitive gt EU labeling for separate collection of electrical devices and electronic devices For additonal information see section Waste disposal Environmental protection item 2 Warning Laser radiation For additional information see section Operation item 7 Signal words and their meaning The following signal words are used in the product documentation in order to warn the r
107. onds s The total duration is automatically E 0 000 us gt Linear Y calculated and shown as sum below all or 4 80000 es si e settings This value cannot be edited An alternative to setting the off time is to define a PRI si 1000000 us de pulse repetition interval or frequency In this pe ENE case the required off time is automatically 1000 000 E computed Fig 6 Pulse timing parameters 1 5 1 Delay Time This is the time before the rising edge of the pulse During this time the RF power is attenuated or totally suppressed There is no modulation or data content present during this phase of the pulse This setting may be used to shift the pulse location in time within the PRI pulse repetition interval time 1 5 2 Rise Time This parameter sets the total time of the rising pulse edge zero to 100 percent The RF level changes within this interval from the off level to the on level Typically the off level uses a high attenuation such as 100 dB whereas the on level only uses little or no attenuation This produces a rising RF power slope Modulation is already present during this phase of the pulse Guard bits must be added to avoid truncation of data during the rising edge period The shape of the rising edge can be selected between linear cosine and raised cosine Other shapes are possible using plug ins or arbitrary envelope data 1 5 3 On Time The on time defines the period of time where the pulse power is held at a
108. onds to one single sample Oversampling The Pulse Sequencer allows the user to set an over sampling factor that permits rescaling the waveform to a target sample count Marker flags are generally tied to samples and therefore change from one sample to the next But when fractional over sampling factors are used additional samples need to be inserted which causes the marker flag changes to fall in between samples Tree The type of filter used as the baseband filter Roll off Impulse response B T T l Cosine Roll Off 0 001 1 000 1171 5202 42 08 55 E 1 Report Generation R amp S K6 Pulse Sequencer 15 Report Generation Pulse Sequencer can generate report data during the waveform creation Report d process This is particularly useful if jitter modifies waveform parameters randomly By default all report data is appended to a text file in form of columns that are separated by spaces A header is added on top of each table that explains the content of each column The report button in the sequence editor opens the report generation dialog Report settings are individually set for each sequence A green LED next to the report button indicates that the report is active for this sequence Data reporting slows down the waveform creation if many pulses are to be generated because one line of text is added to the report for each pulse 4 Report Generation Format Tett Pile Jentog ile ba Pulse Timing Pulse Settings Sequen
109. oo ISOAEC14443 2 Typed waveform is a concatenation of sequences that can be turned into U 1SDAEC18000 3 2004 i o Si Si i E waveforms using a batch processing functionality This simplifies the oA M Manchester BPSK generation of many waveforms and it also permits arbitrary jumps between such waveforms The RF List Library contains all RF Lists defined within the project An RF List contains frequency and level pairs which may be combined with any baseband signal The RF List affects only the RF section of the instrument and allows for hops across a wide frequency or level range The Plug in tree branch contains all plug in modules that were loaded during program start Plug ins are Dynamic Link Libraries DLLs that contain the maths used for intra pulse modulation The Pulse Sequencer software comes with example Plug ins that can be used as a starting point for custom implementations Items can be hidden from the project tree This is useful if sequences or Multi Segment waveforms contain pulses that do not need to be altered by this user Use Project Hide Tree Entries from the menu bar to toggle the view of hidden entries 1171 5202 42 08 20 E 1 R amp S K6 Pulse Sequencer First Steps 9 First Steps The following steps demonstrate a typical work flow for the generation of a waveform Create a new project File New Project Create a new pulse entry Create New Pulse and assign it a name o Select the timing t
110. orms for fast hopping between pulse patterns Create RF lists for fast hopping of frequencies and levels Organize your work in projects pulse libraries and sequence libraries Create reports during pulse pattern generation as text file or by the use of plugin as Microsoft EXCEL spread sheet Compatible with R amp S SMU200A R amp S SMJ100A R amp S SMATE200A R amp S AMU200A R amp S AFQ100A B and R amp S SMBV100A Automatic transfer of the generated waveforms to the signal source using VISA Interface GPIB LAN USB Additional instrument options can be used to apply noise AWGN impairments or fading profiles to any pulse sequence Two path instruments allow the combination and synchronization of two independent signals 1171 5202 42 08 7 E 1 Release Notes R amp S K6 Pulse Sequencer 3 Release Notes Changes from Version 1 x to Version 2 1 Pulse Settings Modulation AWGN added to pulse settings 4 independent jitters compared to three in V 1 0 New jitter types ramp stair case sine Custom UO data can be imported Custom FM chirp can be defined by polynomial FSK 2 added with two frequencies at definable durations FSK deviation changed to Fdev Fdev FM chirps hold the frequency during rise and fall period Polyphase modulation Frank P1 P4 added New data source editor with custom and built in data User Interface and Graphics New view mode frequency versus time FFT view changed to peak detector mode Removed u
111. ort en msegno integer 4 Enable multi segment number for report 1171 5202 42 08 81 E 1 Plug in Modules R amp S K6 Pulse Sequencer It is not required to take any action inside this function nor is a return value required It is up the author of the plug in what to do with the provided information If information needs to be evaluated the function should compare the strings provided in szType against the names listed above In case of a match the pointer pData needs to be type cast into the appropriate data type and the value read 6 14 10 Set Values void _declspec dilexport cdecl mod_setvalue const char szType void pValue This function receives report data during the waveform creation process It must be used to collect this data and write all relevant report data when the finishentry option is called szType pData Type Bytes Purpose initreport NULL Start a new report open files etc initentry NULL Start of a new entry initialize etc set seqname string 1024 Set the sequence name set comment string 4096 Set the sequence comment set filename string 1024 Set the sequence file name set clock double 8 Set the sequence ARB sampling rate set pdelay double 8 Set pulse delay time for report set prise double 8 Set pulse rise time for report set Don double 8 Set pulse on time for report set poff double 8 Set pulse off time for report set pprfpri double 8 Set pulse PRF or PRI for report set fofs double 8 Set frequenc
112. peligros de toda clase Por eso es imprescindible leer detalladamente y comprender por completo las siguientes informaciones de seguridad antes de usar el producto y respetarlas durante el uso del producto Deber n tenerse en cuenta todas las dem s informaciones de seguridad como p ej las referentes a la protecci n de personas que encontrar n en el cap tulo correspondiente de la documentaci n del producto y que tambi n son de obligado cumplimiento En las presentes informaciones de seguridad se recogen todos los objetos que distribuye el grupo de empresas Rohde amp Schwarz bajo la denominaci n de producto entre ellos tambi n aparatos instalaciones as como toda clase de accesorios Los datos espec ficos del producto figuran en la hoja de datos y en la documentaci n del producto S mbolos y definiciones de seguridad Significado Significado Aviso punto de peligro general Tensi n de alimentaci n de PUESTA EN 8 MARCHA PARADA Observar la documentacion del producto Atencion en el manejo de dispositivos de peso Indicaci n de estado de espera standby elevado Peligro de choque el ctrico Corriente continua DC A Advertencia superficie caliente Corriente alterna AC Conexi n a conductor de protecci n Corriente continua Corriente alterna DC AC Conexi n a tierra El aparato est protegido en su totalidad por un aislamiento doble reforzado Conexi n a masa o Distintivo de la UE para baterias y acumula
113. power 1171 5202 42 08 18 E 1 R amp S K6 Pulse Sequencer Configuring the Pulse Sequencer Globally Allow Markers default on If a waveform contains marker data the instrument needs to reserve additional memory The memory allocation happens regardless of the amount of marker use This option allows to remove any marker data from the generated waveform file and thus use more memory for waveform data lf markers are enabled additional 4 bits are required per waveform sample 16 bits One sample does then require 20 bits of waveform memory The instrument option specifies the maximum waveform memory in samples without the use of markers Waveform Memory Waveform Memory w o Marker Use with Marker Use 16 M samples 16 16 20 12 8 M samples 32 M samples 32 16 20 25 6 M samples 256 M samples 256 16 20 205 8 M samples Swap IQ Signals default off The option swaps the data for the and Q signal Default Path for Microsoft Windows and Linux Based Instruments When waveforms or other data is transferred to the instrument the user often does not want to care about the specific storage location on the instrument This option sets the default location for data transfer to the instrument It is important to mention that Linux and Windows based operating systems use different path formats The Pulse Sequencer keeps default paths for both operating systems Depending on the instrument selection the correct path is used Linux based sy
114. rated by the Pulse Sequencer software Two path instruments may be equipped with a single or two K6 licenses In case of only one license the waveform can either be played in path A or B Two K6 licenses allow the playback of two waveforms simultaneously in path A and B The R amp S WinlQSIM2 software can be used to combine multiple Pulse Sequencer waveforms to a multi carrier or Multi Segment waveform In this case the license requirements mentioned above apply to the WinlQSIM2 output file Use source file name The Pulse Sequencer software automatically uses the waveform file name as set in the sequence editor and shown in the upper panel section It combines this file name with the target directory set under Options Preferences Waveform Creation to an absolute file name used as target on the instrument The Pulse Sequencer software uses the Linux or Windows path based on the selected target instrument This is the simplest and recommended setting for transferring the waveform to the instrument Manual entry The target file name for the waveform transfer can be specified by the user This allows using the same file name for all generated waveforms e g for testing purpose In addition an instrument file browser button allows the simple selection of an instrument target directory When using the manual entry field it is recommended to provide an absolute path e g D MyFiles for a Windows based instrument On Linux based
115. rce along with the object code 5 A program that contains no derivative of any portion of the Library but is designed to work with the Library by being compiled or linked with it is called a work that uses the Library Such a work in isolation is not a derivative work of the Library and therefore falls outside the scope of this License However linking a work that uses the Library with the Library creates an executable that is a derivative of the Library because it contains portions of the Library rather than a work that uses the library The executable is therefore covered by this License Section 6 states terms for distribution of such executables When a work that uses the Library uses material from a header file that is part of the Library the object code for the work may be a derivative work of the Library even though the source code is not Whether this is true is especially significant if the work can be linked without the Library or if the work is itself a library The threshold for this to be true is not precisely defined by law If such an object file uses only numerical parameters data structure layouts and accessors and small macros and small inline functions ten lines or less in length then the use of the object file is unrestricted regardless of whether it is legally a derivative work Executables containing this object code plus portions of the Library will still fall under Section 6 Otherwise if the work is a de
116. rivative of the Library you may distribute the object code for the work under the terms of Section 6 Any executables containing that work also fall under Section 6 whether or not they are linked directly with the Library itself 6 As an exception to the Sections above you may also combine or link a work that uses the Library with the Library to produce a work containing portions of the Library and distribute that work under terms of your choice provided that the terms permit modification of the work for the customer s own use and reverse engineering for debugging such modifications You must give prominent notice with each copy of the work that the Library is used in it and that the Library and its use are covered by this License You must supply a copy of this License If the work during execution displays copyright notices you must include the copyright notice for the Library among them as well as a reference directing the user to the copy of this License Also you must do one of these things o a Accompany the work with the complete corresponding machine readable source code for the Library including whatever changes were used in the work which must be distributed under Sections 1 and 2 above and if the work is an executable linked with the Library with the complete machine readable work that uses the Library as object code and or source code so that the user can modify the Library and then relink to produce a modified executable con
117. rules list is used to define complex jitter scenarios by adding mathematical rules to a list Each list entry contains three sections that are separated by a colon lt number of values gt lt value gt lt number of repetitions gt The number of values defines how many jitter values are created by this rule After all values have been created the next list item is processed The value section defines the numbers to be generated The last section defines how many times each number is repeated before a new value is generated The first and last section can be a fixed numeric value or a random expression In case of the random function the value is created when this line item is processed the first time This means that the number of values and the repetition count is set before values can be drawn from this rule The middle section can be a fixed number or an expression In the latter case the expression is evaluated for each number that is created by this rule The expression can be one of the following random lt min gt lt max gt lt step gt stagger lt min gt lt max gt lt step gt random The random expression creates a random number between the minimum and maximum value incuding bounds The step size is the granularity stagger Numbers start with the minimum value and increase by the step size until the maximum is reached It is permissible to use random expressions or fixed numbers for the lt min gt lt ma
118. rument Manager 67 Instrument Manager 20 INTFOCU CUO vaare 7 J Me aura 28 K KO ECON CS oniinn NET 67 L FAN SN 20 EE ee 92 Linear Ramp GJtter AA 31 ee e EE 66 LOJ DON ene 26 LOG Mag VEN em 63 POOF AIG EO ENE DE 79 OG WINDOW area ende 15 M Marker Seitngs 48 MIKO aE ee 17 MINING ss eraa e E E zi 14 MAG OE ANON REE EEE TE dan 35 Modulation Zeitges EEN 35 ee ee 38 M COMICON oer e AA 41 Multi Segment Waveform Libram 18 MOULT ONE ee 42 Multi Segment Waveiorms 68 Multiple Jitter Drotles 35 N New Poets 19 New FUSO ee 19 New Ee e 19 Normal DISTIDUTOA BEE 30 O SOP SK COPA rn SAT 46 OM TMO vvs 24 OE EE A 23 Open Source Ackowledoement 92 VEN 58 Overlaying Pulse Entries AAA 58 Oversam oln Te dE 90 P A Aa a a EE 44 Peak Envelope ower 16 DESKEN dd 16 PP ND 16 PASS Een 26 Phase SO E ee EE 44 Plug In ATNO supre cia 81 PUGH COMMON susen 81 PIDIO ES eek 80 PIUS NN Sia EA bi 81 PUJIAN VESON haa eva 80 Plug ins Modulation sariren eaa iaoa aa a aia 48 Polah VIEW zai eoa eaen EE EAE RAA 62 POVOA TM use A A A A 42 ee 44 PRI PRP tsi a eh ak A a ear 24 DOUG TD eee 20 PROIGCE Seling sunset 16 ele 18 PSR LEN are SENGEN 18 FUE WOH see SE 88 E 1 Index Q A 45 Quadrature Phase Shift keving 45 R Relative PA eat 26 Release NOS Lunnan 8 REDO Ja 52 Report Generation 56 FOO 67 FRE COOLS Ee GE 67 RE LAST LPEN vrake 18 FR EASES EE REE EE ead eee 74 Rise TIMO A e NER INE 23 RO ve 55 RON Sa 67 Rules List JM ai
119. rument to replay the selected segment based on the selected trigger mode Nexf advances to the next MSW entry with each trigger event Seamless is only available if all segments use the same sample rate and plays one segment after the other without any interruption Trigger Source Selects the trigger source for the MSW playback Valid choices are Internal Exxt1 Ev and Path2 Next Segment Selects the segment that gets selected when the Apply button is pressed Delay samples Sets a trigger delay in samples between a trigger event and the start of the MSW playback Apply This button sends all of the above settings to the instrument It also selects the current waveform segment During the apply process the RF output of the instrument is turned off This eliminates the accidental output of an RF signal Trigger This button becomes active if an instrument connection is set up and the trigger source is set to Internal If the trigger mode is set to Single and Next this button is used to manually start the playback of the next segment 1171 5202 42 08 73 E 1 RF Lists R amp S K6 Pulse Sequencer 20 RF Lists RF List Transfer RF Lists only affect the RF section of the instrument These lists can be used independently of any type of modulation and provide a hopping functionality across the entire instrument frequency and level range The benefit of using RF Lists over remote control is mainly speed since RF Lists use
120. s 33 S eler 52 88 Scan GPIB sc passer See 21 OC LAN see 21 Sequence EAMON aus ein ae een ee 50 Sequence Lan id ee 18 Sequence View 60 Shape Interpolated Jtter varenr 32 SING MER SER 31 Software Leoguirements 12 Staircase SON Ses 32 A Sess 26 T Tables e aira E 34 Target INSTUMEN vase Ses ole 66 Temporaly E 16 Time Domain Display 61 Timing ee 89 ARAS PAN sv e e 66 A a AE E 73 TO SOUTO A ostonmuaeteas aa need 73 U Uniform DISIIDUUON suse 30 USB Arr 20 USB remol CONTO occiso iaa 20 V Vale LE sori 32 Value List Ordered OJuter 32 Value List Uniform Otter 32 Z 10 10 DIAM EEE 64 VENTO a A A 20 Vestigial Side Gand 47 VIEW DOR ae 61 EE 20 VISA Resource String 20 VSB TO eien ee 47 Eeer eege See 47 W Wavelomm FIG vasene ag 53 Waveform Joiormaton 53 Z Zoom Masses tees de ler ib lt 61 Lo A ance daca na tae 61 1171 5202 42 94 R amp S K6 Pulse Sequencer E 1 R amp S K6 Pulse Sequencer Index 1171 5202 42 95 E 1
121. s effective immediately and matching items are marked in green 1171 5202 42 08 76 E 1 R amp S K6 Pulse Sequencer RF Lists The Pulse Sequencer software keeps RF List data as part of the project However this data is not the final RF List because these lists can only be created directly on the instrument The process of creating the RF List therefore requires an instrument connection and an instrument that supports RF Lists The panel at the bottom of the RF List editor provides all controls that are required to transfer the data to the instrument and build the list Remote List File Activate Go FOGCDOGYG Random lsyw Lon Path si Fig 56 RF List transfer controls Remote List File Set the file name of the RF List Isw on the instrument If no pathname is provided the Pulse Sequencer software uses the default path that are defined in the project settings dialog This dialog is available from the menu bar under Options Preferences Project Settings Remote File Selection The button opens a remote file browser which allows to select a pathname or file on the i instruments file system This dialog can also be used to copy files from the instrument to the local file system Path Selects the target path for the RF List in case a two path instrument is connected Start Transfer Tole The button transfers the list data and builds the RF List on the instrument Reset 63 This button resets the instrument to the d
122. s not a pulse parameter It is used to skip repetitions if a pulse is used multiple times within a sequence value of 1 skips the repetition whereas a value of 0 computes the pulse The final number of pulses that result from a set of repetitions may vary if random data is used for the skip entry jitter The Pulse Sequencer software can assign up to four different jitters individually and simultaneously Each jitter affects one particular pulse parameter from the list above and can use one of the following profiles Uniform Distribution Normal Distribution Gauss Linear Ramp Sine Wave Staircase Value List uniform distributed or ordered Interpolated Shape Rules List These profiles are discussed in the following chapters in detail 1171 5202 42 08 30 E 1 R amp S K6 Pulse Sequencer Creating New Pulses 1 9 1 Uniform Distribution The uniform distribution is characterized by the values Min Max and Step Values occur with the same probability in the range between the minimum and maximum level The granularity is the Step value 1 9 2 Normal Distribution The Gauss or normal distribution is characterized by the parameters ocation standard deviation and Min Max The following figure illustrates the probability at which values would occur related to the standard deviation if no Min Max limit was set 34 1 34 1 Fig 13 Normal Distribution The figure shows that 68 2 of the resulting values are located in the range
123. samples leaving an error of 25 ns 7 3 333 ns 1 669 ns If a sample rate of 200 MHz was used the granularity would be 5 ns and the timing error therefore zero 1171 5202 42 08 88 E 1 R amp S K6 Pulse Sequencer Sample Rate Considerations 6 17 Dynamic Range The full dynamic range of the R amp S Vector Signal Generators ARBs provide a total of 16 bits for both the I and the Q signal However the effective number of bits is less due too multiple reasons The following example explains the effect of the carrier leakage through the UO modulator and points out possible solutions on how to achieve higher dynamic ranges The instrument specification of the R amp S SMU200A lists a typical carrier leakage value of 65 dBc for the UO modulator This means that even if there is no ARB signal applied to the UO modulator and the output level is set to 0 dBm we still see a carrier at 65 dBm at the generator output In some applications higher dynamic ranges may be required and additional effort is required to achieve this dynamic range Adding a frequency offset If the receiver bandwidth is narrow it is possible to add a frequency offset to the pulse definitions used in the R amp S Pulse Sequencer software The device under test would then see a carrier leakage of typical 65 dBc outside of its receiver bandwidth generator output wanted signal receiver bandwidth carrier frequency outside receiver bandwidth Usi
124. se Unless expressly permitted never remove the cover or any part of the housing while the product is in operation Doing so will expose circuits and components and can lead to injuries fire or damage to the product If a product is to be permanently installed the connection between the protective conductor terminal on site and the product s protective conductor must be made first before any other connection is made The product may be installed and connected only by a licensed electrician For permanently installed equipment without built in fuses circuit breakers or similar protective devices the supply circuit must be fuse protected in such a way that anyone who has access to the product as well as the product itself is adequately protected from injury or damage Use suitable overvoltage protection to ensure that no overvoltage such as that caused by a bolt of lightning can reach the product Otherwise the person operating the product will be exposed to the danger of an electric shock Any object that is not designed to be placed in the openings of the housing must not be used for this purpose Doing so can cause short circuits inside the product and or electric shocks fire or injuries Unless specified otherwise products are not liquid proof see also section Operating states and operating positions item 1 Therefore the equipment must be protected against penetration by liquids If the necessary precautions are not taken the
125. se 3 You may opt to apply the terms of the ordinary GNU General Public License instead of this License to a given copy of the Library To do this you must alter all the notices that refer to this License so that they refer to the ordinary GNU General Public License version 2 instead of to this License If a newer version than version 2 of the ordinary GNU General Public License has appeared then you can specify that version instead if you wish Do not make any other change in these notices Once this change is made in a given copy it is irreversible for that copy so the ordinary GNU General Public License applies to all subsequent copies and derivative works made from that copy This option is useful when you wish to copy part of the code of the Library into a program that is not a library 4 You may copy and distribute the Library or a portion or derivative of it under Section 2 in object code or executable form under the terms of Sections and 2 above provided that you accompany it with the complete corresponding machine readable source code which must be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange If distribution of object code is made by offering access to copy from a designated place then offering equivalent access to copy the source code from the same place satisfies the requirement to distribute the source code even though third parties are not compelled to copy the sou
126. se Sequencer starts with a default configuration which is defined in the settings ini file in the application directory e All plug ins from the sub directory Plugins are loaded The project examples pr is loaded All temporary files are located under C Program messages are written to the log panel Some example VISA connections are listed on the instrument panel The first step after a fresh installation is to verify the general settings under Options Preferences from the menu bar 4 Preferences General Project Settings M Log Program Messages to Log Window I Save Current Project File on Exit Location for Temporary Files c Folders Al ER Fig 1 General settings dialog Log Program Messages to Log Window Writes all program messages to the log panel Writing these messages to the log slows down some operations but provides useful information about what tasks are performed or possible causes of errors Save Current Project on Exit Always saves the current project when the R amp S Pulse Sequencer software terminates 1171 5202 42 08 17 E 1 Configuring the Pulse Sequencer R amp S K6 Pulse Sequencer Location for Temporary Files The folder for temporary files specifies the location where the R amp S Pulse Sequencer keeps temporary data during waveform creation Read and write access to this drive should be fast Therefore it is suggested to use a local hard drive instead of network storage space This setting is effec
127. stems use different locations for storing user data Instruments without any optional hard drive generally use a sub folder under var e g var user or var smbv for the R amp S SMBV100A whereas the hard drive option adds the hdd path Note The hdd path always exists on Linux based instruments regardless of the installed hard drive option In the case where the hard drive is not available data cannot be stored using this path All changes are accepted by pressing the OK button and saved during the next program shut down It is therefore suggested to exit and restart the Pulse Sequencer software if changes were made on the general settings tab 1171 5202 42 08 19 E 1 The Project Tree R amp S K6 Pulse Sequencer 8 The Project Tree All data such as pulses pulse sequences Multi Segment waveforms and RF Lists are organized in projects The visual cles Pulse Library representation of the project contents is the project tree which shows H Barker all items organized in different libraries e A Fi chirp with jitter Empty Pulse Sequencer projects contain no data at all Thus A Timing starting a new project always requires to define pulses first and then Si A Settings sequences which can be turned into waveforms A Jitter The following section describes the project tree content in more MA lean detail 0 Bees Marker BA ov SB pulse ES OPSK modulated pulse H rotating antenna HA AM modulated pulze 3 BA
128. t ndares IEC60950 1 EN60950 1 o IEC61010 1 EN 61010 1 v lidos en cada caso A menos que est permitido expresamente no retire nunca la tapa ni componentes de la carcasa mientras el producto est en servicio Esto pone a descubierto los cables y componentes el ctricos y puede causar lesiones fuego o da os en el producto Si un producto se instala en un lugar fijo se deber primero conectar el conductor de protecci n fijo con el conductor de protecci n del producto antes de hacer cualquier otra conexi n La instalaci n y la conexi n deber n ser efectuadas por un electricista especializado En el caso de dispositivos fijos que no est n provistos de fusibles interruptor autom tico ni otros mecanismos de seguridad similares el circuito de alimentaci n debe estar protegido de modo que todas las personas que puedan acceder al producto as como el producto mismo est n a salvo de posibles da os Todo producto debe estar protegido contra sobretensi n debida p ej a una ca da del rayo mediante los correspondientes sistemas de protecci n Si no el personal que lo utilice quedar expuesto al peligro de choque el ctrico No debe introducirse en los orificios de la caja del aparato ning n objeto que no est destinado a ello Esto puede producir cortocircuitos en el producto y o puede causar choques el ctricos fuego o lesiones Salvo indicaci n contraria los productos no est n impermeabilizados ver tambi n el cap tulo
129. taining the modified Library It is understood that the user who changes the contents of definitions files in the Library will not necessarily be able to recompile the application to use the modified definitions o b Use a suitable shared library mechanism for linking with the Library A suitable mechanism is one that 1 uses at run time a copy of the library already present on the user s computer system rather than copying library functions into the executable and 2 will operate properly with a modified version of the library if the user installs one as long as the modified version is interface compatible with the version that the work was made with o c Accompany the work with a written offer valid for at least three years to give the same user the materials specified in Subsection 6a above for a charge no more than the cost of performing this distribution o d If distribution of the work is made by offering access to copy from a designated place offer equivalent access to copy the above specified materials from the same place o e Verify that the user has already received a copy of these materials or that you have already sent this user a copy For an executable the required form of the work that uses the Library must include any data and utility programs needed for reproducing the executable from it However as a special exception the materials to be distributed need not include anything that is normally distributed in ei
130. the addition or multiplication of pulse entries The following figure demonstrates the difference between the default sequential mode and the overlay mode Default One segment after the other Seg 1 Seg 2 Seg 3 Seg 4 Overlay Segments are added or multiplied Seg 1 Seg 2 Blank truncated part Seg 3 Seg 1 2 3 Seg 4 Multiple line items of a sequence can be combined to an overlay group The first item of this group is shown in yellow and defines the length of the entire overlay period Seg 1 All subsequent segments are added to the existing data starting at the beginning of the first segment If the new segment is shorter than the length of the overlay group the remainder is left blank Longer segments are truncated The Pulse Sequencer software allows using blank or CW fillers as the first segment of an overlay group and therefore allows to set a defined end point for the entire group Besides adding waveforms to each other it is also possible to multiply waveforms This is useful for blanking signals e g when simulating radar waveforms 1171 5202 42 08 58 E 1 R amp S K6 Pulse Sequencer Overlaying Pulse Entries The screen shot below shows an example of an overlay of three pulse entries ltem Mode Tstart us Tstop us Samples Pulse Object Rep Jitter Jtter A1 Jitter 21 Jitter 4 MA Gel TT ege 4 ment ved ore oF ore OFF OF
131. ther source or binary form with the major components compiler kernel and so on of the operating system on which the executable runs unless that component itself accompanies the executable It may happen that this requirement contradicts the license restrictions of other proprietary libraries that do not normally accompany the operating system Such a contradiction means you cannot use both them and the Library together in an executable that you distribute 7 You may place library facilities that are a work based on the Library side by side in a single library together with other library facilities not covered by this License and distribute such a combined library provided that the separate distribution of the work based on the Library and of the other library facilities is otherwise permitted and provided that you do these two things e al Accompany the combined library with a copy of the same work based on the Library uncombined with any other library facilities This must be distributed under the terms of the Sections above e by Give prominent notice with the combined library of the fact that part of it is a work based on the Library and 1171 5202 42 08 91 E 1 GNU Lesser General Public License R amp S K6 Pulse Sequencer explaining where to find the accompanying uncombined form of the same work 8 You may not copy modify sublicense link with or distribute the Library except as expressly provided under this License Any attempt o
132. therwise to copy modify sublicense link with or distribute the Library is void and will automatically terminate your rights under this License However parties who have received copies or rights from you under this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance 9 You are not required to accept this License since you have not signed it However nothing else grants you permission to modify or distribute the Library or its derivative works These actions are prohibited by law if you do not accept this License Therefore by modifying or distributing the Library or any work based on the Library you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so and all its terms and conditions for copying distributing or modifying the Library or works based on it 10 Each time you redistribute the Library or any work based on the Library the recipient automatically receives a license from the original licensor to copy distribute link with or modify the Library subject to these terms and conditions You may not impose any further restrictions on the recipients exercise of the rights granted herein You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties with this License 11 If as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent infringement or for any other reason not limited to patent issues conditions are imposed on you whether by court order agreement or otherwise that contrad
133. this function returns useful numbers for amplitude and phase 1171 5202 42 08 83 E 1 Plug in Modules R amp S K6 Pulse Sequencer 6 14 12 Plug in Modulation Engine 2 int__declspec dilexport __cdecl mod engine _2 char pcMkr double dAM double dPhase int ActSample This function is optional and can be used instead of the classing modulation engine It is the core function of the plug in and transforms samples into UO data Parameters pcMkr out Marker data dAM out Amplitude range 0 1 0 dPhase out Phase range Pi zb ActSample in Sample number The number always starts at zero with the very first sample of the rising edge Return TRUE Calculation was successful FALSE Error during calculation Pulse Sequencer subsequently calls the error string function and terminates any further calculation It is required that this function returns useful numbers for amplitude and phase 1171 5202 42 08 84 E 1 R amp S K6 Pulse Sequencer Plug in Modules 6 14 13 Query Plug in Configuration Parameters int decispec dillexport __cdecl mod getconf int ilndex char szType 256 char szName 256 void pDefaultVal void pMin void pMax This function is optional It may be used to register configuration parameters with the Pulse Sequencer software Parameter Index number of parameter starting at zero parameter data type identifier name string associated with parameter out pointer to default value po
134. tion sets the target ARB and defines signal routing as well as basic RF parameters The lower section contains buttons that reset the instrument and start the waveform transfer Local Waveform waveformsichirp pulse wv Target Instrument tcpip 10 111 10 43 instr ey K6 Licenses 1 e Use Source File Name fhddfradartchirp pulse wy gt M gt B ad hii pr 4 1 000000 o Fos AF ignore wi ur Use Source File Name hddiradarichirp pulse wy Fig 46 Transfer panel Local Waveform This field contains the local waveform file name The name is automatically filled in during the process of building a waveform from a sequence This field cannot be edited and is blanked once a different entry from the project tree is selected Target Instrument The field contains the target instruments VISA resource string This field is automatically filled in when an instrument is selected on the Instrument Manager panel The name of the target instrument is cleared if the instrument becomes unavailable 1171 5202 42 08 66 E 1 R amp S K6 Pulse Sequencer The Transfer Panel Instrument Manager Button hen This button opens the Instrument Manager panel which is used to select the target instrument K6 Licenses Once an instrument link is set up the K6 license count is determined by evaluating the instruments option string Your instrument requires at least one K6 license for playing back an ARB waveform that is gene
135. tive after the next program start since the software creates temporary files during start up The required file size depends on the created waveforms As a rule of thumb 9 bytes are required per sample during waveform calculation For example if a sequence generates 10 M samples of waveform output the temporary file rises to about 90 M Bytes Using a baseband filter increases the memory consumption by a factor of two The Project Settings tab contains project related settings The default configuration of this panel is shown below ger Preferences General Project Settings M Use Peak Envelope Power PEP for Level Setting M Globally Allow Markers I Swap IQ Signals IT Remove segments after MSEG creation Default Path for Microsoft Windows Based Instruments DAK B Firstatep st Default Path for Linux Based Instruments hddk6 first steps Fig 2 Project settings dialog Use Peak Envelope Power for Level Setting PEP default on Pulsed waveform typically exhibit high peak to average power ratios This is because the pulse time is often short compared to idle times and therefore the average signal power is relatively low Signal generators typically level their output power according to the average power which is in most cases not desirable for pulsed signals The option forces the instrument to regard the signal as a zero peak to average ratio waveform and directly set the pulse peak power rather than the average signal
136. uency Deviation kHz 0 300 0 MHz Total deviation The figure below shows power and frequency versus time The pulse is set to a modulation frequency of 2 kHz and deviation of 4 MHz The ARB sample rate is 10 MHz and the total pulse time is 1 ms Fete 0 000 ps 13 Fig 25 FM Modulated Signal It can be seen that the frequency changes between Deviation and Deviation positive and negative full scale is half the sample rate 1171 5202 42 08 40 E 1 R amp S K6 Pulse Sequencer Creating New Pulses FM Stereo FSK The FM Stereo modulation type creates an analog FM stereo signal according to the ITU R BS 450 3 chapter 2 2 recommendation Transmission standards for FM sound broadcasting at VHF Parameters Deviation kHz 10 100 0 kHz FM Deviation default 75 kHz Right Tone KHz 0 001 15 0 kHz Audio tone for right channel Right Audio Level 1 000 1 000 Level multiplier for right audio channel default 1 0 Left Tone kHz 0 001 15 0 kHz Audio tone for left channel Left Audio Level 1 000 1 000 Level multiplier for left audio channel default 1 0 MUX Pilot Level 0 1 20 0 Level of pilot in stereophonic multiplex signal default 8 10 MUX Audio Level 0 1 100 0 Level of audio signals in stereophonic multiplex signal default 80 The RF signal is created from a carrier that is frequency modulated by a baseband signal called the stereophonic multiplex signal The
137. undation we sometimes make exceptions for this Our decision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally NO WARRANTY 15 BECAUSE THE LIBRARY IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE LIBRARY TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE LIBRARY AS IS WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE LIBRARY IS WITH YOU SHOULD THE LIBRARY PROVE DEFECTIVE YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING REPAIR OR CORRECTION 16 INNO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND OR REDISTRIBUTE THE LIBRARY AS PERMITTED ABOVE BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES INCLUDING ANY GENERAL SPECIAL INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE LIBRARY INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE LIBRARY TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER SOFTWARE EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES 1171 5202 42 08 92 E 1 R
138. utton moves a selected line item down by one position The last item cannot be moved further down and remains at its position No This column contains the zero based index number of the waveform segment The index number is read only and only provided for reference 1171 5202 42 08 69 E 1 Multi Segment Waveforms R amp S K6 Pulse Sequencer Rep The repetition count can be set if the Multi Segment waveform is operated in sequencer mode In this case a segment can be repeated multiple times The entry can either be a numeric value in the range between 1 and 65536 or a random value For random values the following expression must be used rand lt min value gt lt max value gt lt step size gt Sequence This column selects the sequence that is used for this Multi Segment waveform entry All sequences that are part of the project are available Additionally a blank filler waveform can be selected and adds blank signal until a definable point of time Samples The sample column is read only and contains the final sample count of the sequence once it has been created The sample count can only be determined during calculation because jitter may change the waveform length T start This column is read only and contains the final start time of the entry if sequencing is enabled T stop This column is read only for regular sequences and contains the stop time of the entry if sequencing is enabled For blank filler segments this entry ca
139. x gt and lt step gt parameter The following examples demonstrate the use of the rules Er sandia Ios SE Creates 5 random numbers between 5 and 15 The numbers are integer values 100 5 sana COS T00 E EEN es 5 Creates 20 random numbers between 0 and 100 with a step size of 0 01 Each value is repeated 5 times Pena LIN 28 2a Sh Creates the value 3 between 1 and 10 times random 20 rand 100 500 20 rand 1 5 1 Creates 20 values each randomly distributed between 100 and 500 and with a spacing of 20 The values are repeated between one and five times ER Stagger 0 12 21 Creates 10 values starting at 0 and increasing by by 2 until the value seven has been reached 0 2 4 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 10 stagger 0 7 random 0 5 1 1 Creates 10 values starting at 0 The step size varies between 0 and 5 The maximum value is 7 1171 5202 42 08 34 E 1 R amp S K6 Pulse Sequencer Creating New Pulses 1 10 Using Tables as Source for Jitter Values Tables can be used as source for discrete jitter values Depending on the selected jitter profile values are taken randomly or in an ordered way from the table The list data is stored as part of the pulse definition in the project file The maximum number of list entries is not limited but for speed and memory reasons large lists should be avoided Fig 17 Jitter values follow custom shape Jitter settings ju Enable Jitter 1 Level Att On dB Y Shape Interpolated Y
140. xtent necessary product users may be exposed to the risk of explosions fire and or serious personal injury and in some cases death Batteries and rechargeable batteries with alkaline electrolytes e g lithium cells must be handled in accordance with the EN 62133 standard 1 2 Cells must not be taken apart or crushed Cells or batteries must not be exposed to heat or fire Storage in direct sunlight must be avoided Keep cells and batteries clean and dry Clean soiled connectors using a dry clean cloth Cells or batteries must not be short circuited Cells or batteries must not be stored in a box or in a drawer where they can short circuit each other or where they can be short circuited by other conductive materials Cells and batteries must not be removed from their original packaging until they are ready to be used Cells and batteries must not be exposed to any mechanical shocks that are stronger than permitted If a cell develops a leak the fluid must not be allowed to come into contact with the skin or eyes If contact occurs wash the affected area with plenty of water and seek medical aid Improperly replacing or charging cells or batteries that contain alkaline electrolytes e g lithium cells can cause explosions Replace cells or batteries only with the matching Rohde amp Schwarz type see parts list in order to ensure the safety of the product Cells and batteries must be recycled and kept separate from residual wast
141. y Plugins under the installation directory of the Pulse Sequencer software This sub directory is searched during program start and useful plug ins are loaded into memory for later use Every plug in needs to provide a certain range of functions to identify itself and perform the calculations required for the intra pulse modulation These functions are described further in the programming API section of this manual In addition plug ins may register a set of configuration parameters with the Pulse Sequencer software These parameters become part of a pulse definition and may be used as variables inside the plug in This allows to reuse plug ins with different configurations Plugins can also be used for report generation during the waveform creation process This mechanism allows the user to create custom report data e g to fill in EXCEL spread sheets with the pulse parameters that were used 6 14 The Programming API The following paragraph lists all functions that need to be provided by the plug in It explains the interface as well as the functionality that needs to be provided by each function 6 141 Get Type void _declspec dilexport cdecl mod type char szModType 1024 This function is mandatory It provides a string that is used to determine the purpose of the plug in Parameters szModType out modulation the plug in is used for intra pulse modulation report the plug in is used for report generation 6 14 2 Get Vers
142. y Shift Keying Local Area Network Pseudo Random Bit Sequence Pulse Repetition Time Pulse Repetition Time Pulse Repetition Interval Phase Shift Keying Quadrature Amplitude Modulation Quadrature Phase Shift Keying Radio Frequency Universal Serial Bus Virtual Instrument Software Architecture Vestigial Side Band Extensible Markup Language R amp S K6 Pulse Sequencer Introduction 2 Introduction The R amp S Pulse Sequencer software allows the flexible generation of complex pulses and pulse patterns It is intended for use with the Rohde amp Schwarz vector signal generators R amp S SMU200A R amp S SMJ100A R amp S SMATE200A R amp S AMU200A R amp S AFQ100A B and R amp S SMBV100A This software provides an easy to use interface to build custom pulse envelopes apply modulation or jitter as well as markers It is also possible to build sophisticated test patterns for radar receiver tests In addition proprietary modulation schemes or envelopes can be applied by using the Pulse Sequencers plug in mechanism Features Easily generate complex pulse shapes and pulse patterns Create and manage a library of pulses as source for building pulse sequences Apply analog or digital intra pulse modulation such as AM ASK FM FSK PSK FM Chirps Extend built in modulation schemes with custom plug ins Simulate technical systems by applying up to four jitter types to any pulse parameter and define the distribution Create multi segment wavef
143. y offset for report set phofs double 8 Set phase offset for report set levon double 8 Set level attenuation On for report set levoff double 8 Set level attenuation Off for report set levdroop double 8 Set level droop for report set fmdev double 8 Set FM deviation for report set startt double 8 Set pulse start time for report set seqno double 8 Set sequence entry number for report set filler double 8 Set filler time for report set repcnt double 8 Set repetition count for report set repno double 8 Set number of repetitions for report set msegno double 8 Set multi segment number for report finishentry NULL End of current entry write data to report closereport NULL End of report generation close files etc endreport NULL As above but do not quit 6 14 11 Plug in Modulation Engine int decispec dillexport cdecl mod engine double dAM double dPhase int ActSample This function is mandatory It is the core function of the plug in and transforms samples into UO data Parameters dAM out Amplitude range 0 1 0 dPhase out Phase range Di zb ActSample in Sample number The number always starts at zero with the very first sample of the rising edge 1171 5202 42 08 82 E 1 R amp S K6 Pulse Sequencer Plug in Modules Return TRUE Calculation was successful FALSE Error during calculation Pulse Sequencer subsequently calls the error string function and terminates any further calculation It is required that

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