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TELOS Z/IP ONE

1. Introduction Congratulations on your purchase of the Telos Z IP ONE This unit achieves a new level in IP Audio transmission at a very attractive price It is a one RU unit intended to be used with a microphone directly or an external mixer for remote broadcasts or anywhere space is at a premium o ozs ooon o el je Eo iii The Telos Z IP ONE combines RTP UDP and TCP IP streaming capabilities with MPEG coding to deliver broadcast quality audio over IP connections Z IP ONE employs sophisticated new technology to achieve superb audio quality over IP links such as the Internet and mobile IP services The Z IP ONE utilizes ACT Agile Connection Technology to continuously adapt to network conditions minimizing the effects of packet loss varying bandwidth and jitter that can occur on these networks by means of sophisticated error detection and concealment dynamic buffering and other techniques that work together to provide reliable IP audio connections The Z IP ONE has an impressive list of features including Analog Line Pro or Microphone input levels 15 volt Phantom power for direct use with condenser microphones 4 Supports transmission bit rates from 8 kbps to 2304 kbps User friendly graphical OLED screen and User Interface Real time metering and connection status display screen Context sensitive on screen help available at a touch of a button EBU N ACIP Audio Contribution over IP and SIP compat
2. The gateway is the router device that will take care of sending the packet on its way to the destination when the packet cannot be delivered on the local subnet In a way it is similar to dropping off a piece of mail at the local post office They will take care of getting it to the destination for you Gateway addresses of ten end with 1 or 254 This is not a requirement they could end with any number between 1 and 254 It is only a convenience because it leaves a continuous range of numbers that can be used by local hosts 42 Section 9 What about ending with 255 you ask It is true that the largest possible value is 255 or 11111111 in binary But addresses that end with 255 have a special meaning in the Internet Protocol They are local broadcast addresses A packet sent to such a broadcast address will be delivered to all hosts on the local subnet DNS DNS stands for Domain Name System and in some ways it is similar to how the telephone book works if you know the name you can find the corresponding phone number to dial DNS servers allow IP devices to find the IP address that corresponds to a given name like telos systems com The device can then use the IP address to talk to the host that has the name Without a DNS server you would not be able to use address names only dotted decimal IP addresses DHCP The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DHCP is a method to hand out IP addresses to IP devices on a network in a dy
3. Audio 1 0 THE USER INTERFACE amp SETUP 13 The Audio 1 0 Menu Audio Input Source Analog ALR Inputs Input Mode Left Microphone Input Mode Right Line Mic Gain Trim 15 6 dB The Audio I O menu gives access to the various settings related to audio into and out of the device 4 Audio Input Source can be set to either of the following Analog XLR Inputs or 4 Livewire the Livewire stream to be used is set in the Setup gt Network gt Livewire menu Choose Analog to select the Analog XLR as the audio input source Choose Livewire to use the Axia Networked Audio interface as the audio source The Analog outputs are always active About Livewire If you decide to use the Livewire input you will also need to choose a Livewire input stream in the Setup Network Livewire menu Livewire output is always enabled provided a Livewire output stream number has been selected in the Network Livewire page Input mode Left amp Input mode Right adjusts the analog inputs and has the following settings Line 4 dBu nominal 4 Microphone 4 Mic Phantom Power enables phantom power for that input Mic Gain Trim can be adjusted from 0 0 to 22 5 dB Tra it Mo Audio Loopback Transmit Mode Choose between Stereo or Mono L R Stereo is the default Audio Loopback Choose between OFF PCM Direct Encoded Setup Menus Network System Software Parallel Port IP Server Streaming Interface LAN Por
4. Audio Input Source Analog XLR Analog Input Mode LEFT Line Level E Analog Input Mode RIGHT Line Level E Additional Microphone Gain 0 dB E Apply Codec Settings Menu This menu allows you to select and change the various codecs and buffers of the unit DU has Coding Profile User Setting kl Codec Stereo Mode Stereo Mono Encoding Mode AAC E Min Bitrate 64kbps ix Max Bitrate 64kbps Min Decode Buffer 0 ms El Max Decode Buffer 2sec El Layer 2 Payload Type 96 default E Livewire Settings Menu The livewire menu allows you to use your Z IP ONE with an Axia Livewire system Testline Livewire Settings Livewire Source Configuration Unique source outpub stream number Livewire Destination Configuration Livewire destination input stream number 7201 Unknown i 26 Section 5 General Settings Menu The general Settings menu allows you to configure general settings and functions display timeout auto answer user password setting etc Additionally you can set NTP server information and parallel port configuration from this menu Testline General Settings Miscellaneous Settings Display Blanking Timeout Never B Audio Loop Off E Autoanswer On Autoredial broken connections Never El NTP Server sundial columbia edu Set Time Manually yyyy m
5. Ethernet adapter In our case this is the entry of interest because it is plugged in the same Ethernet network that we want to learn more about The section of interest is under the heading Ethernet Controller and contains the following interesting entries Dhcp Enabled Yes gt Indicates that this PC was configured for DHCP so there must be a DHCP server available IP Address 192 168 123 101 gt IP address assigned by DHCP server Subnet mask 255 255 255 0 gt This is the netmask for this subnet We can use the same netmask for the Z IP Default Gateway 192 168 123 254 gt Another important entry we can use the same gateway address on the Z TP DNS Servers 69 75 169 15 and 16 gt DNS server addresses Use the first one on the Z IP NOTE The values in this example are not valid Do not use these values on your Z IP The ipconfig command will give you the subnet mask gateway and DNS server addresses It does not directly give you the IP address you should use on the Z IP If DHCP is available as it is in this example you can just configure the Z IP to use DHCP It will obtain an IP address automatically If DHCP is not available then read on the next section will describe this case 9 3 Find an Available IP Address without a DHCP Server What can you do if a DHCP server is not available on your network In this case we ll search for an IP address by pulling one out of a hat then testing to see if it is
6. Safety Notification 75 A Letter from our CEO What if A singularly great question because it opens the door to so many other questions and ideas Those who ask it are sometimes called dreamers as if that were somehow bad but history has often proven dreamers to be the avatars of new and exciting things What if was the query asked by Steve Church that led to the start of Telos Systems In 1984 Steve then a young broadcast engineer and part time talk show host won dered whether emerging Digital Signal Processing DSP technology might be useful to clean up the terrible caller audio then the norm at radio stations The result of asking it was the Telos 10 the world s first digital telephone hybrid a product that changed the face of radio forever Looking back at Telos history What if is found at the root of many more technologies broadcasters have since made ubiquitous MP3 bit rates are perfectly matched to the bandwidth of ISDN what if we combined them What if we built a box that let radio stations stream audio on the Internet What if we could use Ethernet to treat audio as data and move it around the radio station in real time By the way if you recognized the answers to those questions as the Zephyr ISDN codec AudioActive MPEG encoder and Livewire IP Audio standard give yourself a cookie Today as technology roars ahead we re constantly seeking new ways to apply it to t
7. Scale fi Factors Rate Distortion j Control Process A Noiseless Coding Because AAC was built on a similar structure to Layer 3 it therefore retains some of its powerful features rl Interation Loops Redundancy Reduction A Huffman encoding process causes values that appear more frequently to be coded with shorter words while values that appear only rarely are coded with longer words This results in an overall increase in coding efficiency with no degradation since it is a completely lossless process Bit Reservoir buffering Often there are some critical parts in a piece of music that cannot be en coded at a given data rate without audible noise These sequences require a higher data rate to avoid artifacts On the other hand some signals are easy to code If a frame is easy then the unused bits are put into a reservoir buffer When a frame comes along that needs more than the average amount of bits the reservoir is tapped for extra capacity 60 Section 11 4 Ancillary Data The bit reservoir buffer offers an effective solution for the inclusion of such ancillary data as text or control signaling The data is held in a separate buffer and gated onto the output bit stream using some of the bits allocated for the reservoir buffer when they are not required for audio The Joint Stereo mode takes advantage of the redundancy in stereo program material The encoder switches from discrete L R to a matri
8. anyone knows the public groups password 3 Hidden Your Z IP is not shown in the server directory Others are still able to call you if they know your device s name and group Group and Device Name Longevity Groups remain active on the server as long as they have at least one Z IP ONE that belongs to that group If a group has no members then the server will delete the group after 24 hours Z IP names remain valid on the server for six months After six months of inactivity the name is removed from the server directory In most cases this is not a problem even ifthe name was removed from the server when the Z IP connects again the name entry will be created again There is a case perhaps rare that you should be aware of If your Z IP ONE is the only member of its group and it has been inactive for six months then the server will remove it from the directory Twenty four hours later the group would be deleted as well since it is now empty If the device is powered on at a later time it would not be able to connect to the group since the group is no longer there Should this happen you will need to create the group again Or just avoid this situation altogether by making sure that your Z IP ONE gets online at least once every six months Reusing a Z IP Name The server does not allow two Z IP devices to use the same Device Unit name A name is registered to a particular device and the server does not allow other devices to accidentally t
9. exchange the audio data Direct communication between Z IPs is always preferred over using the media relay service We offer the option as a panic solution should other methods fail to provide a connection Units using a direct communication path have a lower end to end audio delay If you find yourself behind a very restrictive NAT but you have control over it or can ask a network administrator then it is best to configure port forwarding on the NAT section 10 6 below describes how This will allow your Z IP to communicate directly with any other device without having to rely on the media relay service 8 Groups and Directory Services This chapter describes the ideas behind organizing your Z IP ONEs by using groups It also covers how your unit s will appear in the server directory During configuration a Z IP ONE is assigned a Device Unit name This name is used to refer to this Z IP ONE when connecting to other units it becomes part of this unit s address or phone number The other part of the unit s address is the group to which the unit belongs Together the unit name and the group form a unique device address A good analogy is that the phone number the group and the name the extension Needless to say you must have both pieces of information in order to place a call Why Groups Groups are useful because they allow you to keep your Z IP ONEs logically grouped They make it easier for others to find
10. i e clips at 22 dBu 3 5 Network Interfaces Livewire LAN amp lt gt 10 100 WAN The network interfaces are Ethernet twisted pair 100BASE T connectors Use a CATSe or CAT6 network cable The standard pinout for an RJ45 style 8 Pin 8 Position miniature modular jack when used for 10 100BT Ethernet Jack is PIN FUNCTION 1 Transmit Transmit Receive Unused Unused Receive Unused 0 na vu Bb U N Unused 3 6 USB Ports Attach any of the supported USB network extension devices to these ports Use of unapproved device may cause unpredictable and unacceptable results therefore we recommend against such experimentation The pinout of the standard USB connector used on the Z IP is PIN FUNCTION 1 5 Volts 2 Data 3 Data 4 Ground 3 7 Parallel Control The DB25 connector on the back panel provides contact closure close to ground inputs and outputs There are 8 open collector outputs and 8 open collector inputs each configurable from the Settings menu in the user interface The DB25 connector is pinned out as follows INSTALLATION 9 PIN FUNCTION 5 Volts DC 400 mA max 2 Output 0 3 Output 1 4 Output 2 5 Output 3 6 Output 4 7 Output 5 8 Output 6 9 Output 7 10 No Connection 11 No Connection 12 No Connection 13 No Connection 14 Input 0 15 Input 1 16 Input 2 17 Input 3 18 Input 4 19 Input 5 20 Input 6 21 Input 7 22 Not Connected 23 Not Connected 24 Not Connected 25 Gro
11. intuitive and clean The following pages are available from the web interface Status Page ZIP ONE Testline Status Page Connection Status Not connected tscp ZephyriP1 O public Connected for Receive Transmit Total frames 66 136 Buffered frames 1 Minimum buffer frames 0 Lost frames 0 Concealed frames 1 a T Bitrate bitisec 97850000 64000 Samplerate Hz 48000 48000 Audio channels 2 2 Coding Mode AAC HE AAC ELD CPU Temperature 62 C 143 F Uptime 0 22 28 47 2011 04 28 17 25 48 UTC Audio Level Output 100dB 100dB Input 17dB 14dB Click here to download a ZIP archive with logging information oloal o o w 24 Section 5 From this menu you can view the available sub menus Click on one of the links to go to that menu Network Menu This menu allows you to enter all of the Network Settings and Z IP ONE Server parameters for your device This can be quite useful once you have entered the IP Address in the front panel user interface of the unit as many of the parameters used by the Z IP device identity DHCP hostnames etc are easier to enter using a keyboard than through the numeric keypad on the front of the unit BETAMASTER Network Settings IP Address 182 188 2 197 Device Name BETAMASTER IP Mask 255 255 2550 ZIP Server Hostname zip telos systems com Gateway foo Group Name p
12. is concerned it does not know nor does it care that there is a NAT device in between Are all NAT devices the same Not all NAT devices are the same as there is no defined standard on how a NAT should behave Each vendor implements the NAT functions in a proprietary manner You may hear NATs described as full cone re stricted cone port restricted cone or symmetric Not everyone agrees on the exact definition of these terms A Wikipedia article http en wikipedia org wiki Network_address_translation does a good job attempting to describe them Perhaps counter intuitively symmetric NATs are among the most restrictive How do NAT devices affect communication devices NAT has some benefits and drawbacks It is a lower cost solution compared to obtaining multiple public addresses and it adds to security by hiding the internal structure of the network and by allowing only pre specified direct contact via port forwarding see below However internal devices are no longer reachable from the outside because the NAT does not know which internal device the packet is destined for To get around this drawback NATs have configuration capabilities which allow the user to forward specific ports to a given internal device or to adda single device DMZ De Militarized Zone where this device is now Visible to the public How does the Z IP Server help Making NAT configuration changes can be cumbersome The Z IP uses the
13. music with good quality Unlike speech coders however audio quality scales up with bit rate and transparent quality can be achieved AAC LD s coding power is roughly the same as Layer 3 meaning that mono high fidelity 15 kHz audio may be sent via one ISDN channel With ISDN s two channels you achieve near CD quality stereo Delay in perceptual codecs is dependent on several parameters Frame length Time is required to collect all the samples for a frame The longer the frame the more the delay 4 Filter bank delay This causes an additional delay equivalent in time to the frame delay 62 Section 11 Look ahead delay for block switching Layer 3 and AAC use filter banks with high frequency resolution For signals with high tonality efficiency is high But when there are transients a dynamic switching process changes to a filter bank with lower frequency resolution and better time resolu tion In order to correctly decide when to make this change a look ahead process is required adding delay Bit reservoir The length of this buffer determines how much delay this process contributes The overall delay is a combination of all of these components divided by the sampling rate The delay scales linearly and inversely with the sampling frequency How AAC LD Gets its Low Delay AAC LD is based on the core AAC work so much is similar but each of the contributors to the delay had to be addressed and modified The fram
14. network address translation NAT devices to get around the shortage of pub lic IP addresses In this case the router will have a public IP address e g a real IP address accessible from the Internet and device on the local LAN have dummy IP addresses accessible on through the router s IP address plus a port number generally in the 192 168 x y or 10 10 x y subnets NATs can be very useful but they also make it difficult to reach devices that are behind the NAT section 10 6 below describes NATs in more detail The Z IP server allows your Z IP device to detect when it is installed behind a NAT as well as to determine the type of NAT in use This helps allow the units to reach each other even when both sides are installed behind NATs 36 Section 7 7 4 Media Relay Service Not all NATs behave the same way Some NATs are very restrictive and go to great lengths to prevent data from outside the network to reach devices on the inside This is a great security feature for PCs but not so good for devices that need to receive calls from the outside The Z IP together with the server s NAT traversal service can automatically get through most types of NATs When both sides are behind very restrictive NATs it may not always be possible to get through the NAT in a manner that allows the two end devices to communicate directly In these extreme cases the media relay service allows the two Z IPs to communicate by having the server
15. not both This makes sense when you consider that a longer time window means that the analyzer has more complete information more full audio cycles to work with In the case of rapidly changing input signals transients long frames are poorer than short ones because the time spread will lead to so called pre echoes For such signals the size of the frame should correspond to the temporal resolution of the human ear This can be achieved by using short frames or by changing the frame length according to the immediate characteristics of the signal MPEG By far the most popular high fidelity audio coders rely upon techniques developed under the MPEG um brella MPEG stands for Motion Pictures Expert Group a Joint Committee of the International Standards Organization ISO and the International Electrotechnical Commission Over a decade ago when the CD had just been introduced the first proposals for audio coding were greeted with suspicion and disbelief There was widespread agreement that it would simply not be possible to satisfy golden ears while deleting 80 or more of the digital audio data But the audio coding pioneers were persistent and the MPEG audio group was formed Since 1988 they have been working on the standardization of high quality audio coding Today almost all agree not only that audio bit rate reduction is effective and useful but that the MPEG process has been successful at picking the best technology and encouraging compa
16. the Audio Input Output Settings Select and click on the Audio I O option on the Main Menu screen press ESC a few times ifyou re not on the Main Menu screen Audio Input Source Analog ALR Inputs Input Mode Left Microphone Input Mode Right Line Mic Gain Trim 15 6 dB Select the appropriate options depending on your audio connections Microphone if you are using a dynamic microphone Press ESC twice to exit when finished Step 6 Make a Test Call You are now ready to make a test call to the Z IP test line at Telos Press the AUTO button The call screen will be displayed Scroll through the buddy list on the screen to the Telos Line or Testline entry You should see a filled dot next to the name indicating that it is online Depress the control knob to connect The Status screen will re appear and you should see the Connect and Receive Lock indicators turn solid and see level meters on the Receive bargraphs When you speak into your microphone you should see meter activity on the Send meters Installation 3 1 Rack Mounting the Studio Unit The Z IP ONE mounts in a 1RU space in a standard 19 rack The Z IP ONE does not have an internal fan and does not have any special requirements for space above and below the unit As long as you keep the stirred air in the rack between 0 and 40 degrees Celsius 32 to 104 degrees Fahrenheit with a relative humidity of 0 to 98 non condensing the unit will oper
17. the page and see the new software version shown in the opposite bank from which you had been running Click the radio button next to the new bank and reboot the system WARNING DO NOT TURN OFF THE UNIT OR DISCONNECT THE NETWORK CABLE DURING THE UPDATE PROCESS INTERRUPTING THE PROGRAMMING OF THE Z IP S FLASH MODULE CAN CORRUPT THE DATA AND RENDER THE UNIT UNUSABLE 13 3 Installing a New Flash Card In certain circumstances it may be necessary to replace the internal flash card containing the Z IP ONE software This card is located inside the unit Sot A om WARNING PLEASE FOLLOW ALL INSTRUCTIONS CLOSELY ENSURE THAT YOU ARE PROPERLY GROUNDED AND HAVE TAKEN ESD PRECAUTIONS BEFORE YOU INSTALL ANY CARD INSIDE THE Z IP THE Z IP CONTAINS SENSI TIVE ELECTRONIC DEVICES THAT CAN BE DAMAGED BY IMPROPER HANDLING CONTACT TELOS SYSTEMS CUSTOMER SUPPORT WITH ANY QUESTIONS REGARDING THESE PROCEDURES Power down the unit and unplug the AC power cord before opening the chassis Remove the 10 top cover screws of the unit and store them in a safe place Remove the unit s top cover Locate the SD card and slot on the motherboard of the Z IP Push the SD Card until you hear a click then release This will eject the SD card Carefully slide the card out of the slot Insert the new SD card into the slot and firmly press it until it clicks Place the top cover of the Z IP back into its proper position Reinstall the 10 screws Attach the AC power c
18. too small to do the job Besides 13 bits is an awkward bit depth resolution for computers to deal with and the audio it produces isn t clean enough to survive today s transmitter processors CURIOSITY NOTE Bit depth and sample rate translate easily into audio specifications Digital audio must have a sample rate of at least twice the desired bandwidth so 15kHz audio requires after a safety margin 32kHz sampling Each bit of sample depth represents slightly more than 6dB of dynamic range The first practical coding methods used a principle called ADPCM Adaptive Delta Pulse Code Modulation This takes advantage of the fact that it takes fewer bits to code the difference or delta between successive audio samples compared to using the individual values Further efficiency is had by adaptively varying the difference comparator according to the nature of the program material G 722 and APT X are examples of ADPCM schemes They achieve around a factor of 4 1 reduction in bitrate G 722 achieves additional efficiency by allocating its bits to match the patterns in the human voice and it s considered adequate for news and talk programming over ISDN But for high fidelity transmission algorithms with more power are required These are based on psychoacoustics where the coding process S4 Section 11 is adapted to the way we hear sounds There are several algorithms available with varying complexity and performance levels Some ye
19. you and simplify the task of selecting a name for the device A device name needs to be unique only within your group it does not have to be unique among all other Z IPs in the world We ve all been frustrated when trying to select a login name for services like Yahoo mail and finding that most obvious names have already been taken by others Group passwords prevent others from becoming part of your group and from viewing the names of the Z IPs within your group except for the ones you allow The Public Group Every Z IP ONE is initially configured to be a member of the public group The public group is a special group that exits by default on the server It is special because anyone has access to it the group password is also public and it is never deleted When you first connect to the server your Z IP ONE will join the public group You may use any device name you like but if the name is already in use by another device the server will assign you a unique name At this point you may keep this name try to select another or better yet create your own group Creating Groups Groups can be created at any time and you may create as many groups as you need Groups are created by going to the Z IP Server configuration dialog and selecting the Create a Group option Companyname city is one useful way to define groups within a large organization A dialog will prompt you for the desired group name group password a
20. 14 USA 1 216 241 7225 phone 1 216 241 4103 fax 1 216 622 0247 24 7 Technical Support Support Telos Systems com Inquiry Telos Systems com Notices and Cautions This symbol wherever it appears alerts you to the presence of uninsulated dangerous voltage inside the enclosure voltage which may be sufficient to constitute a risk of shock This symbol wherever it appears alerts you to important operating and maintenance instructions Read the manual CAUTION THE INSTALLATION AND SERVICE INSTRUCTIONS IN THIS MANUAL ARE FOR USE BY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL ONLY TO AVOID ELECTRIC SHOCK DO NOT PERFORM ANY SERVICING OTHER THAN THAT CONTAINED IN THE OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS UNLESS YOU ARE QUALIFIED TO DO SO REFER ALL SERVICING TO QUALIFIED PERSONNEL WARNING TO REDUCE THE RISK OF ELECTRICAL SHOCK DO NOT EXPOSE THIS PRODUCT TO RAIN OR MOIS TURE USA CLASS A COMPUTING DEVICE INFORMATION TO USER WARNING This equipment generates uses and can radiate radio frequency energy If it is not installed and used as directed by this manual it may cause interference to radio communication This equipment complies with the limits for a Class A computing device as specified by FCC Rules Part 15 Subpart J which are designed to provide reasonable protec tion against such interference when this type of equipment is operated in a commercial environment Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause interference I
21. Addresses Subnet Masks and Gateways This section describes the terms used in IT environments You probably already know these terms but we included them here for completeness The terms covered are IP Addresses subnet masks gateways DNS and DHCP Network Address Translation NAT is covered in its own section below IP Addresses Internet Protocol IP addresses identify electronic devices that are part of an IP network The protocol uses these addresses to properly route the data to the destination Without Network Address Translation see section 8 6 below every device connected to a common network would require a unique address There are two versions of IP The current version is called IPv4 and is what we refer to in this manual IPv6 is a new standard that is not yet widely deployed IPv4 addresses consist of a 32 bit number To make it easier for humans to describe IP addresses are written in a form called dotted decimal notation To come up with a dotted decimal representation the 32 bit number is broken down into four parts each part 8 bits long Each partis converted to a decimal number and written out with a dot in between For example a device that has a 32 bit IP address of 3 232 235 841 is commonly written out as 192 168 1 65 The figure below shows how this conversion takes place IP number 3 232 235 841 y Binary 11000000 10101000 00000001 01000001 Decimal 192 168 i 65 I hope you agree that 192 168 1 65 i
22. C The function of these short cut keys is as follows AUTO Button performs the same action as choosing AUTODIAL from the main menu it isa shortcut key Press the AUTO button to bring up your Buddy List This screen displays the current status of the other Z IPs so you can see if they are available before you call Pressing Auto while in the Buddy List will immediately dial the Z IP ONE CONN Button A manual dialing screen will be shown for you to enter the name of the unit you wish to call directly DISC Button Press the DISC button to disconnect any established connections You will be prompted to confirm the disconnect Pressing DISC twice causes Z IP ONE to disconnect immediately Getting Help 3 Context sensitive Help is available at any time by pressing the button General help can also be accessed by choosing HELP from the main menu 4 1 The User Interface and Menu System The Z IP ONE will time out to the status screen showing meters and status information after a period of 3 inactivity Pressing the Esc button will enter the menu system Rotating the control knob moves 2 from option to option while pressing it will select the currently highlighted item While in a menu 9 pressing Esc will back you up one level Repeated presses will take you to the main menu From the Main Menu below you can access the Status Phonebook Audio I O Setup Help Status Help and Autodial sub menus Phonebook
23. INDOWS system32 cmd exe of cert www google com 74 125 19 147 3 The traceroute above shows the path of the data packets across the Internet In this example the con nection speed of every link was below 40 milliseconds except for hop 8 somewhere in San Jose if we can trust the name There it went up to about 200 milliseconds indicating a bit of a bottleneck 9 6 Network Address Translation What is it Network Address Translation NAT is a technique that allows multiple IP devices on a private network to share a single public IP address A NAT device has two network ports one for the private side the LAN and the other for the public side the Internet As the name suggests the NAT router translates the internal IP addresses to the public IP address 46 Section 9 75 24 91 63 192168 1 115 Internal private network Public network In the example drawing above the laptop sends a request to a search engine The packet is labeled with the IP address of laptop 192 168 1 100 The NAT router intercepts the packet and changes the packet to replace the laptop s IP address with the public IP address assigned to the router in this example 75 24 91 63 then sends the packet to the destination The server responds to the IP address embedded in the packet so the packet is sent to the NAT router The NAT remembers that the initial request came from the laptop so it forwards the packet to it As far as the laptop
24. LOS SYSTEMS MAKES NO WARRANTIES EXPRESS OR IMPLIED INCLUDING IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FIT NESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE In no event will Telos Systems its employees agents or authorized dealers be liable for incidental or conse quential damages or for loss damage or expense directly or indirectly arising from the use of any Product or the inability to use any Product either separately or in combination with other equipment or materials or from any other cause In order to invoke this Warranty notice of a warranty claim must be received by Telos Systems within the above stated warranty period and warranty coverage must be authorized by Telos Systems If Telos Systems authorizes the performance of warranty service the defective Product must be delivered shipping prepaid to Telos Systems 1241 Superior Avenue East Cleveland Ohio 44114 Telos Systems at its option will either repair or replace the Product and such action shall be the full extent of Telos Systems obligation under this Warranty After the Product is repaired or replaced Telos Systems will return it to the party that sent the Product and Telos Systems will pay for the cost of shipping Telos Systems authorized dealers are not authorized to assume for Telos Systems any additional obligations or liabilities in connection with the dealers sale of the Products 1 6 Safety Notification 10 11 12 13 This symbol wherever it appear
25. TELOS Z IP ONE Intelligent Zephyr IP Codec with Agile Connection Technology o MEJO 9000 m USER S MANUAL Manual version 1 1 for software version 1 0 15 and later 10 August 2011 Z 1P ONE Manual 2011 TLS Corporation Published by Telos Systems TLS Corporation All rights reserved Trademarks Telos Systems the Telos logo and Z IP ONE are trademarks of TLS Corporation All other trademarks are the property of their respective holders Notice All versions claims of compatibility trademarks etc of hardware and software products not made by Telos mentioned in this manual or accompanying material are informational only Telos Systems makes no endorsement of any particular product for any purpose nor claims any responsibility for operation or accuracy We reserve the right to make improvements or changes in the products described in this manual which may affect the product specifications or to revise the manual without notice Warranty This product is covered by a two year limited warranty the full text of which is included in this manual Updates The operation of the Z IP ONE is determined largely by software We routinely release new versions to add features and fix bugs Check the Telos web site for the latest We encourage you to sign up for the email notification service offered on the site Feedback We welcome feedback on any aspect of the Z IP ONE or this manual In the past many good ideas from use
26. U727 Novatel Ovation U720 Please contact customer support or the Telos Systems website for an updated list of supported devices Also note that your EVDO device must be activated using a computer with the software that comes with it Please follow any directions that came with the device and contact your service provider for assistance if necessary Once you have verified it is operating as intended follow the steps above 1 3 Using the Field Upgrade Option 13 1 Software Menu The Z IP ONE has two memory banks each of which can hold a complete firmware load This permits updating the firmware without risk since the current software is never erased until the user has already run the revised version By going to the Setup gt Software you can view the version in each bank and configure which bank will be used at the next restart Choosing Reboot to Primary will cause the unit disconnect any audio connections and reboot the unit using the version indicated for Primary Choosing Reboot to Secondary will do likewise using that version The restore defaults will not affect the version to be booted but will return all user settings including the IP Addresses to their original factory default Use this option with caution because it will erase your network settings as well as everything else and you no longer be able to control the unit remotely using its prior IP address 13 2 Updating the Software through the Web Interface Although th
27. Z IP Server to detect if it is installed behind a NAT and then determine the type of NAT as well It is then able to accept calls from the outside without requiring you to make special configuration changes to your NAT In addition to NAT tra versal assistance the Z IP Server also allows you to see the status of your buddy devices to get a directory listing of available devices or to dial another device by name How do use port forwarding with the Z IP A common technique to help devices behind NATs to communicate is to use port forwarding When you use port forwarding you tell the NAT that any time it receives data at a particular port that it should forward that data packet to a specific internal device WHEN AN IT DEPARTMENT IS NOT AVAILABLE 47 The Z IP is able to communicate through most types of NATs without requiring any special configuration of the NAT But some NATs are much more restrictive than others Establishing a connection becomes even more difficult when both ends are behind very restrictive NATs Port forwarding can help in these cases If at least one of the sides uses port forwarding then a direct connection can be established much faster You can use port forwarding with the Z IP in two steps 1 Onyour Z IP in the Z IP Server Configuration page enter a value for the listen port The default value is zero which tells the Z IP to select a port on its own You can choose any value from 1024 to 65 535 but please make
28. a note of it Also make a note of the IP address you assigned to the Z IP this is one of those cases when you should not use DHCP 2 Onyour NAT s configuration page specify that the port you selected in step 1 above should be forwarded to the Z IP s address If you have more than one Z 1P behind a NAT and you use port forwarding you need to make sure that each Z IP uses a different port Some NATs may get very confused otherwise 1 0 The Parallel Port and Contact Closure As stated in the Installation section the Z IP has a DB25 connector on the back panel that provides contact closures close to ground inputs and outputs There are 8 open collector outputs and 8 open collector inputs each configurable from the Settings menu in the user interface The DB25 connector is pinned out as follows PIN FUNCTION 1 5 Volts DC 400 mA max 2 Output 0 3 Output 1 4 Output 2 5 Output 3 6 Output 4 7 Output 5 8 Output 6 9 Output 7 to Pa ata a 10 No Connection A 4 AHH HH 14 12 No Connection 13 45 G6 47 Ge G9 Gd 2963 23 BH ES 13 No Connection 14 Input 0 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 15 Input 1 16 Input 2 DB25 Male Connector 17 Input 3 18 Input 4 19 Input 5 20 Input 6 21 Input 7 22 Not Connected 23 Not Connected 24 Not Connected 25 Ground 50 Section 10 Parallel Outputs 0 7 Outputs are open collector to ground and can sink up to 125 mA of current each actually any output can
29. add a unit to you buddy list directly from the directory listing screen From the main menu first click Phonebook then Browse Z IP Server Optional mask 0ptl group passwd On the right side of the screen you will see a list of the various groups on the Z IP Server If you see the name of the group in which you would like to search select it from the list to enter the Device Search screen If not enter the first few letters of the group name in the Optional Mask field and press OK The list will now be populated only with those group names that begin with those letters When searching for groups or devices by name entering the first few characters will return all names that begin with those characters The directory also supports soundex searches which are useful when you re not sure of the exact spelling of the name Adding a character to the end of a name tells the server to perform a Soundex search Select the appropriate group from the list to enter the Device Search screen Find Groups i as Optional mask BBC ge BEILUN COpt group passwd IMA Buffalo If you know the password for the selected group then enter it in the Group password field If you do not enter a password then only the devices that are publicly visible will be displayed Now enter a search pattern in the Device Search Pattern to limit your search or leave it blank and press OK twice to see the first 100 or so devices in the group
30. ake a name that is already in use There are times however when you do need to use the same name again For example you may replace a unit and want to use the same name on the new one This section describes how you can assign an existing name to a new unit Please note that you may only take an existing name within your own group You can never do this in the public group or in a group to which you don t have the password If there is a time when you need to use the same Device Unit name on another Z IP ONE you simply configure the new Z IP with the same name and group as the old device Since no two devices can have the same name at the same time you should make sure there is no other device connected to the server that is currently using the selected name Once you connect to the server you will get a warning telling you that the name has been previously used by another device and are given a choice to select another name or to take over this name If you choose to take over the name then the new device becomes associated with the name Please use this feature cautiously Taking over the name of a unit that is currently online could cause the units to fight over the name potentially resulting in loss of service to both units 9 When an IT Department is not available There are times when an IT department is not on hand to guide through some of the networking ins and outs This chapter covers some of the basics to get you started 9 1 IP
31. already in use In the example above the PC s IP address was 192 168 123 101 and the subnet mask was 255 255 255 0 This means that the last 8 bits indicate the host portion of the address On this network valid IP addresses would run from 192 168 123 1 to 192 168 123 254 Right away we ll avoid 1 and 254 because they are often assigned to the gateway That leaves numbers from 2 to 253 still a pretty big range So just choose a 44 Section 9 number I prefer to start with the lower numbers for no particular reason For this example I choose 10 so my first IP address to test will be 192 168 123 10 1 Goto the Start menu on the task bar and select Run Type cmd then click OK A command prompt window should come up 2 Type ping followed by the trial IP address you selected P lluse 192 168 123 10 here then press enter C WINDOWS system32 cmd exe jelx es of data 3 Well we got a reply to our ping This means that the IP address I selected is in use by another device so we can t use it Let s try another I will choose 15 this time EN C WINDOWS system32 cmd exe jelx ping 192 168 123 15 68 123 15 with 32 bytes of data t timed imed out timed out Lost 4 100 1 4 Much better The time out messages indicate that no device responded at this address This is a pretty good indication that we can use this address But let s double check to be sure there are some IP devic
32. ame Enter the device name group name and group password If the unit is a member of the public group you may leave the password blank Leave the Call Type selection as TSCP Now enter the screen name of the entry as you would like it to appear in the buddy list If you leave this blank the device name will be used as the Buddy List entry name If you would like this Buddy to be connected to one of the Panic Dial pins on the Parallel Port on the back panel of your Z IP ONE assign it to one of the 8 inputs pins using the Panic Dial Input Bit field NOTE You must also enable this pin for Panic Dial functionality from the Settings Parallel Port submenu Click the Save button to save the entry to the Buddy List Press the AUTO key on the front panel to return to the AUTO menu If you have entered a valid unit name in the DEVICE NAME field you should now see the new entry and the status of the unit in your list If the status appears as a question mark but Z IP server indicator is filled on the main status screen then there is a problem with the device or group name entered If the Buddy appears with no circle at all the Z IP server either does not know this device or this is not a TSCP buddy Check the device and group names for possible misspellings You may also try to find the device in the directory listing perhaps using a wildcard or Soundex search MAKING CONNECTIONS WITH OTHER UNITS 33 Directory Method You can
33. ars ago the international standards group ISO IEC established the ISO MPEG Moving Pictures Expert Group to develop a universal standard for encoding moving pictures and sound for digital storage and transmission media The standard was finalized in November 1992 with three related algorithms called Layers defined to take advantage of psychoacoustic effects when coding audio Layer 1 and 2 are intended for compression factors of about 4 1 and 6 or 8 1 respectively and these algorithms have become popular in satellite and hard disk systems Layer 3 achieves compression up to 12 5 1 8 of the original size making it ideal for ISDN Basic Principles of Perceptual Coding With perceptual coding only information that can be perceived by the human auditory system is retained Lossless which for audio translates to noiseless coding with perfect reconstruction would be an optimum system since no information would be lost or altered It might seem that lossless redundancy reducing methods such as PKZIP Stuffit Stacker and others used for computer hard disk compression would be applicable to audio Unfortunately no constant compression rate is possible due to signal dependent variations in redundancy There are highly redundant signals like constant sine tones where the only information necessary is the frequency phase amplitude and duration of the tone while other signals such as those which approach broadband noise may be co
34. ate as described 3 2 Power Install the power cord included with the Z IP ONE in the marked AC power connector located in the rear of the unit The internal universal switching supply will accept 100 240 VAC 50 60 Hz input You should see blue front panel LED flash to indicate the unit is booting Subsequently the main menu will appear This process can take about 90 seconds 3 3 Audio Inputs Audio XLR Pinout balanced analog PIN DESCRIPTION 1 Ground 2 Signal Input 3 Signal Input Install the left and right analog audio cables in the female XLR connectors marked LEFT and RIGHT on the rear panel The analog audio section accepts audio input with a peak level of 22dBu In the Audio I O gt Input mode Left or Right menu option you can configure each audio input can be configured for the follow ing settings Line 4 dBu nominal Microphone Mic Phantom Power Mic Gain Trim There is a mic gain trim adjustment option in the Setup gt Audio I O menu for each input that can be used to add additional gain when that input is set to Microphone or Mic Phantom Power This setting is ignored when the input is set to the Line setting Gain should be adjusted so that the microphone reaches your desired level on peaks 8 Section 3 3 4 Audio Outputs analog balanced Audio XLR Pinout PIN DESCRIPTION 1 Ground 2 Signal Output 3 Signal Output The audio outputs are balanced at 4 dBu with 18 dB of headroom
35. c achieved 4 Buffer amp Quality meters Full scale indicates good connection reduced scale shows impairments THE USER INTERFACE 8 SETUP 19 Connection information TEDSUPPORTCLE public AAC HE 6 Scrolling the jog wheel will give you additional information about your connections the LAN WAN WiFi and EVDO UTMS settings The Phonebook and History Menus These menus provide two easy ways to call codecs that you ve connected to before Read more about con necting to other Z IP ONEs in Chapter 6 20 Section 4 THE USER INTERFACE amp SETUP 21 THE WEB INTERFACE 23 5 The Web Interface 5 1 How to Access the Web Interface From any Web browser on your network you can access the internal web pages of the Z IP ONE Simply open the browser window and type the IP address of your Z IP ONE You will be prompted to enter a user name and password The default user name is Telos and the default password is Telos case sensitive without quotes You can always check or change the web password from the Settings dialog on the Z IP ONE s front panel 5 2 What Can I Do on the Web Interface From the Z IP ONE web interface you can configure most of the options that are available on the Graphical User Interface plus some that are not The advantage of the web interface is that it is very
36. cast addresses and a class E reserved for future use but here we ll only look at the first three Class IP Address Range Subnet Mask A 0 0 0 0 to 255 0 0 0 127 255 255 255 B 128 0 0 0 to 255 255 0 0 191 255 255 255 Cc 192 0 0 0 to 255 255 255 0 223 255 255 255 Class C is the most common IP address class so most of the subnet masks you see will likely be 255 255 255 0 It is possible to have different subnet masks in addition to the ones above The one thing to remember is that when converted to a binary number subnet masks are always a continuous string of 1s followed by a string or Os Windows Calculator can perform decimal binary hex and octal number conversions as well as some binary opera tions but by default these capabilities are hidden To reveals these functions select Scientific mode from the View menu Most of the time you will not have to give subnet masks much thought But there may be times when you are given an invalid subnet mask and this information may help you to detect it saving you some aggravation Gateways We talked about networks having multiple subnets Hosts on a subnet are able to communicate directly with each other But what happens when a host needs to communicate to another that is on a different subnet Simple it uses the netmask to compare the network part of its address vs the network part of the other device s address If they are different then it sends the packet to the gateway address
37. computers love ones and zeros and built in binary operations make it a breeze to perform the network host splitting In a language like C or C the splitting would look like this network_id ip_address amp mask host_id ip_address amp mask WHEN AN IT DEPARTMENT IS NOT AVAILABLE 41 IP Address Classes Fine you say That was mildly entertaining But why muck about with subnet masks and binary operations Why can t they just always use the first 3 bytes for the network ID and the last byte for the host ID That is a fair question The answer is that not every subnet is the same Some corporate subnets are very large and have lots of hosts while some small subnets may have only a handful The number of bits allocated to the host id determines the maximum number of IP devices you can have on the subnet An 8 bit host id would allow for a subnet with a maximum of 255 hosts That would not be enough in some cases The subnet mask solves this problem although perhaps in an awkward way On subnets with lots of hosts you can use fewer bits for the network ID and more bits for the host ID On subnets with fewer hosts you can use more bits for the network ID and fewer bits for the host ID If you re managing a private network you re free to select your subnet mask as you like But on the Internet subnet masks are assigned by IP address class There are three common IP address classes A Band C There is also a class D used for multi
38. d by switches relays or logic outputs The inputs are active low In other words shorting the input to ground causes it to become true i e asserted An internal pull up resistor to provide a TTL logic High e g 2 2 kOhm to SV Input Pin 25 l l G D Parallel logic input circuit THE PARALLEL PORT AND CONTACT CLOSURE 51 The inputs can be transmitted to the far end Z IP when using the AAC HELD or to a Zephyr Xstream in AAC mode The inputs can also be used for local control functionality such as triggering auto dialing to your speed dial members 10 1 Parallel Port Output Modes The 8 Parallel Contact Closure Outputs bits 0 through 7 can each be set to one of six operating modes 1 2 3 Off The open collector output is left floating and will remain so On The open collector output is closed to ground and will remain so End to End The Output will reflect the state of the corresponding INPUT pin at the far end of the call provided that a coding mode supporting contact closures is used AAC or HELD AAC Connected The contact closure will remain OFF until a call is connected at which time it will close to ground This function effectively mirrors the CONNECT light on the front panel GUI Receive Lock The contact closure will remain OFF until a call is connected and the correct codec type has been determined and it has detected valid data This indication is a pretty good indicator t
39. d pass this test it would surely be transparent for normal program material like voice and pop music which are much more easy to encode AAC designers chose to use a new modular approach for the project with components being plugged in to a general framework in order to match specific application requirements and the always present performance complexity delay tradeoffs Compared to the previous layers AAC takes advantage of such new tools as temporal noise shaping back ward adaptive linear prediction and enhanced joint stereo coding techniques AAC supports a wide range of sampling rates 8 96 kHz bit rates 16 576 kbps and from one to 48 audio channels AAC is a lot more sophisticated than the previous MPEG layers 2 amp 3 providing significantly more cod ing power Because it uses a modular approach new ideas can be developed and plugged in to the basic structure This had the additional advantage that it was possible to combine the various components from different developers taking the best pieces from each AAC was built on a similar structure to Layer 3 and thus retains most of its features Nevertheless compared to the previous MPEG layers AAC benefits from some important new additions to the coding toolkit An improved filter bank with a frequency resolution of 2048 spectral components nearly four times the number used by Layer 3 Temporal Noise Shaping a new and powerful element that minimizes the effect of temporal spr
40. dentify it to other users Don t worry if you enter a name that has been chosen by another user the Z IP server will generate a unique name by appending a number to the end of the name If you don t like this new auto created name simply enter another choice 3 Enter the GROUP NAME and GROUP PASSWORD if you are not going to be part of the Public group on the Z IP server 4 Select the desired level of visibility for your device The visibility option determines if your unit will be visible to others in the directory listing There are three choices here The first visible to all is just what the name indicates anyone will be able to see the name and the group of your Z IP The second group visible allows only members of your group those that know the group password to see your Z IP The last option hidden is just that your Z IP does not appear in any directory listings Please note that this option only affects the directory listing Anyone is still able to call you regardless of the choice you make here just like you continue to get phone calls during dinner time even if you have an unlisted number 5 Scroll down to the Z IP Server Name Check to make sure that a valid Z IP Server Name has been entered in the Z IP Server Hostname field zip telos systems com is the default server name but you may have your own Z IP Server configured elsewhere 6 Click Activate Settings Name zip telos
41. e Testline Group name Public Grou P pa word Device Visibility Visible o All gt Name Zipetelos systems com Listen Port Cempty default GDefault Bort Activate Settings Creste Group 18 Section 4 Device Unit name Use the keypad to enter a unique name for your Z IP You will share this name with your peers so they can see your online status and call you Don t worry if you pick a name that another user has already chosen The Z IP server will append a number to your name and display it accordingly Group name Use this field to register with a particular group that has been created on the Z TP server The default is public which allows your Z IP to be contacted by anyone in the network If you have created a private group on the server enter the name here Group password The default is public for the public group If you are registering with a private group enter the password here Device Visibility Choose whether the Z IP ONE is visible to everyone in the directory only people in the same group or no one at all A hidden Z IP ONE can still be dialled by anyone who knows its name and group but will not show up in any directory listings Z IP Server Name Use this field to enter the name of the Z IP Server you will be con necting to The unit defaults to one of the Telos maintained servers you can use zip telos systems com if another default value is not present but you can c
42. e length is reduced to 512 or 480 samples with the same number of spectral components at the filter bank output No dynamic block switching is used because the required look ahead delay is too big The temporal problem that causes pre echoes is handled by the Temporal Noise Shaping module The window shape of the spectral filter is enhanced to be adaptive Normally the shape is a simple sine curve but AAC LD can use a shape that has a lower overlap between the bands This signifi cantly improves performance with transients without adding any delay MPEG 4 High Efficiency AAC HE AAC previously known as aacPlus HE AAC is an extension of AAC with the addition of Spectral Band Replication a technique developed by Coding Technologies of synthesizing high frequency audio content based on the lower frequency data and side chain information SBR dramatically increases the efficiency of coding when using low bitrates HE AAC v1 is AAC plus SBR while HE AAC v2 adds Parametric Stereo to further increase the efficiency of coding stereo signals For more on the SBR technology see the papers on the Telos web site about aacPlus which was the name of this codec before acceptance by MPEG MPEG 4 Enhanced Low Delay AAC High audio quality low coding delay and very low data rates AAC Enhanced Low Delay AAC ELD is the perfect choice for any delay critical application that demands full audio bandwidth at data rates down to 24 kb
43. e occurs in the opposite direction 34 Section 6 6 5 SIP Calls The Z IP ONE fully supports the Session Initiation Protocol SIP SIP is a signaling protocol widely used for voice over IP VoIP applications SIP is also specified as the connection method used by the EBU Audio Contribution over IP ACIP standard Using SIP the Z IP ONE is able to accept and make calls to a variety of devices including some VoIP phones This section describes how to configure the Z IP ONE for SIP and how to make and receive SIP In order for a SIP call to be successful the two devices involved in the call must agree on a common codec This is done though a codec negotiation step during the initial SIP call establishment If no common codec can be selected then the call will fail The Z IP supports the following codecs for SIP calls G 711 G 722 MPEG Layer 2 MPEG AAC Zephyr Xstream compatible and linear PCM SIP Configuration SIP can be used in two modes direct or with a SIP server Direct mode is just what you would expect one device calls another directly A SIP server entry is used when you have established VoIP service and all VoIP calls need to be routed through that provider Another case when a SIP server may be used is when your facility has a VoIP PBX and the calls need to be routed though the PBX If you need to use a SIP server enter the IP address of the SIP server the name or phone number to regis ter with the SIP server and the pa
44. e routed so that they are not likely to be walked on or pinched by items placed upon or against them Pay particular attention to the cords at AC wall plugs and convenience receptacles and at the point where the cord plugs into the product Lightning For added protection during a lightning storm or when the unit is left unattended or unused for long periods of time unplug the unit from the AC wall outlet This will prevent damage to the product due to lightning and power surges Overloading Do not overload AC wall outlets extension cords or integral convenience outlets as this can result in a fire or electric shock hazard Object and Liquid Entry Never push objects of any kind into this product through openings as they may touch dangerous voltage points or short out parts that could result in a fire or electric shock Never spill liquid of any kind on the product 76 Section 17 14 15 16 17 18 19 Accessories Do not place this product on an unstable cart stand tripod bracket or table Any mounting of the product needs to follow the manufacturer s instructions Servicing Refer all servicing to qualified service personnel Damage Requiring Service Unplug this product from the wall AC outlet and refer servicing to quali fied service personnel under the following conditions When the AC cord or plug is damaged If liquid has been spilled or objects have fallen into the product Ifthe product does n
45. e six status menus NOM PWN available Z IP ONE will remember the last menu item you were viewing The status menu options are Meters Connection Status Current or Last connection details LAN interface information WAN interface information WiFi interface information EVDO UTMS interface information So Pe Ow Ns Turning the Z IP One s Control knob will scroll through these screens ESE Rev CJeornect St LAN O ZIP OLivewire O WAN RevLock LW Sync Far Buffer Buffer Amt Quality Quality 9 Pressing the Esc key once will bring up the main menu pictured above right Rotating the Z IP ONE s g control knob moves through the various screens pressing the knob O selects the highlighted menu selection You can get general help at any time with the HELP option from main menu To get context specific help 9 press the 1 key Step 1 Attach Cables to the Unit Attach the power cable and your audio cables two pairs of XLR cables Do not connect the unit to your network at this time 4 Section 2 We recommended that you do not connect the unit to your network until you configure the network interface through the front panel This avoids the possibility of the unit having the same IP address as another device on your network Duplicate IP addresses are a sure source of weird problems not to mention unpleasant calls from the IT department Step 2 Configure the Network Interface Once power is connect
46. ead This benefits voice signals in particular A Prediction module guides the quantizer to very effective coding when there is a noticeable signal pattern like high tonality 4 Perceptual Noise Shaping allows a finer control of quantization resolution so bits can be used more efficiently Because it uses this modular approach an implementer may pick and choose among the component tools to make a product with appropriate performance complexity ratios Or new modules can be developed later and plugged in to its basic structure Three default profiles have been defined using different combina tions of the available tools 4 Main Profile Uses all tools except the gain control module Provides the highest quality for applica tions where the amount of random accessory memory RAM needed is not constrained AUDIO CODING REFERENCE 59 Low complexity Profile Deletes the prediction tool and reduces the temporal noise shaping tool in complexity Sample rate Scalable SRS Profile Adds the gain control tool to the low complexity profile Allows the least complex decoder The block diagram of the AAC encoder is shown below It is considerably more sophisticated than the previ ous MPEG Layer 2 and Layer 3 systems and therefore offers more coding power Input Legend Gain Control Perceptual Data model Filter Control TNS Coupling 13818 7 Coded zu Bitstream Mid Side Stereo F
47. ed to the unit the blue front panel LED will flash while the unit starts up followed by the main menu When the menu appears navigate to the Setup option by rotating the control knob Press the control knob to select this option Using the same rotate press process select the Network menu In the Network sub menu select LAN Interface Now scroll down to the DHCP selection and change it to On Scroll to and click Activate Settings to start using the new settings Use the control knob to navigate to the field you want to change then press to edit the field While you are editing a field use the keypad to enter the data If an address has only 1 or 2 digits use leading zeros to pad the number e g use 003 if the desired entry is 3 You can rotate the knob counter clockwise to re enter a mistake Press the knob to save your changes or ESC to discard them Step 3 Configure the Z IP ONE Server Settings At the Setup menu below select the ZIP Server option Network Audio Codec System Software aming Interface LAN Port ZIPONE13 public public Device Visibility Visible to All On this screen you will enter a Device Unit name for your unit and a Group name to which this unit belongs as well as a Group Password for that Group For this Quick Start you should enter public for the Group name as well as for the Group password The public group is a default group that anyone can use You may create a new group at any t
48. efault value of O tells the Z IP to assign a port itself This setting works best for most cases You may need to change this value if you are behind a very restrictive NAT and others have difficulties reaching your device Section 9 1 describes more on port forwarding should you need to learn more but the default settings are appropriate for most uses Press ESC twice to return to the Status screen Rew i p Connect Livewire Buffer Juality Step 4 Connect to the Network With configuration completed you are now ready to connect to the network Plug your network cable into the Ethernet jack on the back of the unit labeled Livewire LAN This is a standard 100 Base T connector After connecting to your LAN check the Link indicator on the left side of the Status Screen This indicator will be solid if you are connected to an active network The Z IP indicator on the status screen will also turn solid after a few moments and indicates that you have a connection to the Internet and that the unit is in contact with the Z IP server If either of these indicators is not solid verify your Ethernet settings on the network menu Check with your IT department to ensure your network has a DHCP server or alternatively to give you an IP Address Subnet mask Gateway and DNS server for you to enter in the Setup gt Network gt LAN menu or have a look at the When you don t have an IT department section in this manual Step 5 Configure
49. es that may be configured to not reply to pings 5 At the command prompt type arp a Make sure to do this right after the unsuccessful ping command This command displays the physical addresses associated with IP addresses that have been recently used EN C WINDOWS system32 cmd exe jelx Type dynamic 6 The table shows one entry for the 192 168 123 10 address which we discovered in step 2 above It does not show an entry for 192 168 123 15 which indicates that no device answered to this address If there had been an IP device that does not answer pings we still would expect to see its address in the arp table With this last test complete we can be pretty confident that at this time the 192 168 123 15 address is available There is no guarantee that this address will remain valid forever There may be aPC that uses this address that just wasn t turned on at the moment So keep an eye out for signs of duplicate IP addresses on the network And notify your IT Department or whomever is responsible for assigning IP addresses within the organization ASAP that your are using this address Read the following section for the gory details WHEN AN IT DEPARTMENT IS NOT AVAILABLE 45 9 4 Duplicate IP Addresses Duplicate IP addresses can be difficult to diagnose Some PCs may give you a warning at boot up that the currently configured IP address is in use But other times duplicate IP addresses are only discovered when an IP dev
50. f it does the user will be required to eliminate the interference at the user s expense NOTE Objectionable interference to TV or radio reception can occur if other devices are connected to this device without the use of shielded interconnect cables FCC rules require the use of shielded cables CANADA WARNING This digital apparatus does not exceed the Class A limits for radio noise emissions set out in the Radio Interference 9966 Regulations of the Canadian Department of Communications Le present appareil numerique n emet pas de bruits radioelectriques depassant les limites applicables aux appareils numeriques de Class A prescrites dans le reglement sur le brouillage radioelectrique edicte par le ministere des Communications du Canada Z IP ONE PRELIMINARY MANUAL Table of Contents V WESUpp rt Ylse i a 3 284 une aa en ll A letter from our CEO 2 ee Vil 1 Introduction 1 2 Quick Start Guide 3 3 Installation 7 4 The User Interface amp Setup 11 The Front Panel Controls 2 ee 11 5 The Web Interface 23 6 Making Connections With Other Units 31 7 The Z IP Server 35 8 Groups and Directory Services 37 9 When An IT Department Is Not Available 39 10 The Parallel Port And Contact Closures 49 11 Audio Coding Reference 53 12 Mobile Network Devices 65 13 Using The Field Upgrade Option 67 14 Z IPONE Audio Specifications 71 15 Warranty And Application Caution 73 16
51. g will appear Type the name of a program folder document or E Internet resource and Windows will open it for you Open cmdl ly ae A Bao 2 Type cmd then click the OK button This will open up a command prompt window WHEN AN IT DEPARTMENT IS NOT AVAILABLE 43 3 Type ipconfig all then press Enter You should see some entries similar to the ones shown below C WINDOWS system32 cmd exe x Ethernet adapter Wireless Network Connection Media State s Media disconnected Description Intel lt R gt PRO Wireless 2915ABG Networ k Connection 88 16 6F 3B D9 E3 Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection Connection specific DNS Suffix Dakter lotion is ve ese ks e de eee Ue tr e Physica iin ooo oe ago ao ec 27 6A Sa eT NA oo oe cho oe ls Autoconfiguration Enabled 168 123 101 Se NEER a pe e ooo Default Gateway aa te 168 123 254 DHCP Server a m le aa e a eee 168 123 254 gt 69 75 169 15 A 69 75 169 16 Lease Obtained Sunday November 64 2007 9 51 18 AM Monday November 85 2007 9 51 18 AM If the PC has multiple adapters you will see multiple entries displayed In the example above the PC has a wireless adapter and the Media State for it is shown as disconnected which indicates that the wireless is currently disabled Following this is an entry for the Local Area Connection
52. ge of bitrates available to the Z IP ONE s Agile Connection Technology ACT intelligence when adjusting for various network defects The wider the range the greater the flexibility of the encoder to fine tune your connection and audio fidelity Your choice of codec will affect the available range of usable rates The more you restrict this range the more consistent the audio quality will be but with less ability to accommodate bad network conditions Maximum Buffer and Minimum Buffer These two numbers specify the minimum and maximum decoder buffering in milliseconds For optimum performance you should set these values to O ms and Unlimited Note that if you change the buffering while a call is in progress you will be notified that the changes will only take effect after the call is recon nected Furthermore the buffering only applies to MPEG codec modes but not to G 711 G 722 and PCM The total delay in a given direction of transmission will be the algorithmic delay of the particular algorithm being used in that direction plus the current buffer setting deter mined by these values and Z IP ONE s ACT intelligence The Layer 2 Payload Type field is for use with Real time Transport Protocol RTP audio streams and the MPEG Layer 2 codec While many players support the dynamic payload type 96 some require that the payload is set to MPEG Audio 14 Leave this setting on 96 Default unless you are having trouble with this e
53. h service in more detail 7 1 Directory Service The directory service allows your Z IP ONE to register itself with a unique group and device name The group and device name together form a persistent phone number for your Z IP Other users can always find and call your Z IP regardless of what IP address you happen to be using that day This is especially important when your ISP has given you a dynamic IP address or when you take the Z IP on the road The directory service also allows you to locate other Z IPs by browsing the server directory right from your Z 1P Wildcard and Soundex searches allow you to find the device you re interested in even if you don t remember the exact spelling of the other device s name or group Of course you are in complete control over how your Z IP ONE appears in the directory You may list your Z IP ONE as visible to all visible only to others in the same group or even hidden While in hidden mode your Z IP does not appear in the directory but it is still reachable by people that know your Z IP s name and group 7 2 Presence Service The presence service allows you to see the state of the other Z IPs in your buddy or speed dial list This way you know if the other Z TP is online offline or busy before you even attempt the call The state information is updated a few times per minute to always keep the list up to date 7 3 NAT Traversal Service Many networks make use of
54. hange to a private server if you have one You may also specify a port number by appending the port number to the name separated by a colon This is useful if the server is not operating on the default port of 24 308 4 Listen Port Use this field to select a particular port on your Ethernet router to listen to for Z IP communications The default is 0 Contact your IT Administrator for more information on this setting if you have special conditions under which you need to operate your Internet traffic Create a Group Select this option to go to the Group Creation screen Here you will enter the desired name for your group the group password that users will enter to join and search the group and the Admin password for the group For studio units Telos recommends setting up port forwarding in the gateway router This is not mandatory but may help to ensure best performance Check with your IT department The Status Menu The status menu consists of one screen Rev Livewire O WAN RevLock LW Sync Buffer Buffer Qualit This screen shows the connection quality in real time It also shows how much buffering is taking place whether the unit is transmitting or receiving or both and shows input and output audio Y LAN WAN Lit when cable is connected ZIP Connection to internet and Z IP server RevLock Audio is being decoded 4 Livewire Livewire audio streams are available LW Sync LW clock syn
55. hat audio should be present and if it is not that silence is being transmitted from the far end Follow Input This is a diagnostic mode for locally testing the connections to the inputs and outputs When this mode is used a given output bit becomes true whenever the corresponding input has been triggered and will remain so until the input is no longer asserted 10 2 Parallel Port Input Modes The 8 Parallel Contact Closure Inputs bits O through 7 can each be set to one of six operating modes 1 2 No Function The input is not used and any activity on this pin is ignored End to End The state of this input pin will be sent to the far end codec where if the appropriate OUTPUT pin is also set to END TO END the status will appear This function will only work in AAC and HELD AAC coding modes Disconnect If this input is closed to ground the Z IP will immediately disconnect any connected calls Panic Dial If this pin is closed to ground the Z IP will immediately dial the buddy list member that has been configured for this pin See Chapter 8 for more information on Buddy Lists and how to configure them for Panic Dials Transmit 0 This will send data to the corresponding bit of the far end codec indicating the given input bit is unasserted This can be used for troubleshooting or can be used as simple identifier to distinguish different codecs at the far end Transmit 1 This will send data to the corresponding bi
56. he problems of everyday broadcast ing Voice over IP VoIP is particularly compelling for its ability to packetize high quality phone calls and direct them anywhere in the broadcast plant using ubiquitous standard Ethernet as a backbone A new digital tech called AEC Advanced Echo Cancellation is helping to literally ALETTERFROMOURCEO VII eliminate the age old problem of feedback in open speaker environments And the prize of using the public Internet for remote connections as reliable as those of switched circuits is within broadcasters grasp thanks to ever more sophisti cated coding algorithms Pioneering ideas aren t limited just to technology though We believe that investing in people pays off big so we ve assembled the largest R amp D team in the industry a talented staff of engineers scientists and broadcast professionals We re also the first and only broadcast equipment maker with a 24 7 support team ready to offer assistance any time of the day or night As they say radio never sleeps so neither do we As Telos navigates its third decade in broadcasting s choppy waters the culture of innovation and creativity that propelled Steve in the early days still guides us today We re still in love with radio still turned on by new technology still driven to ask What if If you re reading this you are too for which we thank you from the bottom of our hearts Michael Catfish Dosch CEO
57. ible for interoperability with other third party codecs Backward compatible with thousands of Telos Zephyr Xstreams in the field Built in web server for configuration and remote control Wireless connection through Wi Fi and 3G 4G EVDO modems WIFI modem included Livewire inputs and outputs Separate LAN and WAN Ethernet ports simplify isolation of your LAN from the internet The ability to register with a directory server ZIP server This allows establishing a connection even when located behind NATs and firewalls without knowing the other party s IP address Router Mode allows using Z IP ONE as a gateway to access the Web 2 Quick Start Guide After unpacking your Z IP ONE you can quickly get up and running using this simple guide The steps involved are attach cables configure the network interface configure the Z IP server settings connect to the network adjust the audio settings and make a test call To test the Z IP ONE you ll need Headphones Dynamic Microphone optional AC power cord for your country included and an AC mains outlet 100 240 Volts An RJ45 patch cord included An Ethernet Local Area Network with ADHCP Server and A connection to the Internet 2 1 User interface Basics The Z IP ONE uses the same OLED display for status and metering that it does for the user interface After a short period of time the display will revert back to the Status Screen menus There ar
58. ice behaves strangely For example you know you assigned a particular IP address to your Z IP but now you cannot open the web configuration page at that address Or perhaps sometimes it works but other times it does not The method to diagnose a duplicate IP address conflicting with your Z IP is to learn the hardware address also called the physical or MAC address of your Z IP and to use the arp a command from a PC to watch the hardware address associated with your Z IP s IP address If you ever find a different hardware address associated with your Z IP s address then it is time to call your IT department Or if an IT department is not available since you re reading this section anyway just assign a different IP address to your Z TP 9 5 Use Traceroute to Find the Communication Bottlenecks There are times when you re exchanging data across the Internet and you notice that the transfer rate is really slowing down One way to find out where the slow down is coming from is to perform a traceroute command The Z IP does this and shows you the information on the right side of the connection screen But you can perform this bit of magic from any PC 1 Click the Start button on the task bar and select Run Type cmd and press Enter This will open up our trusty command line window 2 Type tracert followed by the IP address or name of the host involved in the data exchange I used www google com in this example C W
59. ieve fidelity as good as the MPEG systems we have been examining The common G 722 is an example It uses ADPCM Adaptive Delta Pulse Code Modulation which can have delay as low as 10 ms but with much poorer quality So the question arises Is it possible to have high quality and low delay in the same codec Until recently the answer was no But new develop ments in codecs have changed the picture One of the main objectives in audio coding is to provide the best tradeoff between quality and bit rate In general this goal can only be achieved at the cost of a certain coding delay Codecs for voice telephone applications have use ADPCM and CELP because they have much lower delay than perceptual codecs These are optimized for voice and can have reasonably good performance Zephyr users have known for years that Layer 3 offers all the fidelity needed for most broadcast situations However they also know that the delay of Layer 3 can be frustrating particularly if high fidelity is needed in both directions and parties at the two ends must carry on a conversation The folks at Fraunhofer were aware of these factors and have developed an extension to AAC called AAC Low Delay or AAC LD for short ACC LD offers quality equivalent to Layer 3 with less than 25 of the delay AAC LD combines the advantages of perceptual coders such as Layer 3 with certain principles of speech coders Compared to speech coders AAC LD handles both speech and
60. ime Generally a group represents your organization The Device Unit name together with the Group name forms the phone number i e identity for the unit This is the number you give out and how others can call your Z IP regardless of what IP address you have at the moment The Device Unit name must be unique within your Group If the name you happen to select is already in use the server will return a unique name by appending a number to the name If this unique name is acceptable you may use it otherwise try a different name The Device Visibility option determines whether your unit will be visible to others in the directory listing There are three choices here The first visible to all lets anyone see the name and the group of your Z TP The second group visible allows only members of your group those that know the group password to see your Z IP The last option hidden is just that your Z IP does not appear in any directory listings Please note that this option only affects the directory listing Remote users will still be able to call you regardless of the choice you make here just like you continue to get phone calls during dinner time even if you have an unlisted number QUICK START GUIDE 5 The Listen Port is a TCP IP port for your device to listen on if you are using port forwarding on your NAT This port determines what port the Z IP will use to accept messages from others The d
61. in the Z TP ZIP ONE Testline Software Management Software Update amp Maintenance Primary Software Bank Currently executing v1 0 0r 2011 04 04 Secondary Software Bank Not executing v1 0 0r 2011 04 04 Browse for update archive Choose File No file chosen Reboot Unit Primary Bank 1 0 0r 2011 04 04 Secondary Bank Y1 0 0r 2011 04 04 Reboot into selected bank To upgrade your Z IP ONE download the partition update file from the Telos website and save it to your lo cal computer The partition update archive usually follows the naming convention zipone part tgz do not extract this file simple save itto a folder on your computer Use the Browse button to locate the file and select it Click the Update System and Reboot button to upgrade the unit The Z IP will retain all of its settings IP Address Z IP Identity etc After rebooting the new firmware will reside in the secondary software bank You can choose to boot from this bank and the unit will reboot using the new software Once you are happy with it simply reverse the locations of the two software versions and the new software will become the primary Refer to Section 13 2 for more information on this procedure Front Panel Screenshot This simply shows you a picture of the screen that s currently being displayed on the front panel display of the Z IP ONE ZIP ONE Test
62. into the network and host parts so that it knows where to send the data packets It accomplishes this splitting by using the subnet mask A subnet mask is a 32 bit number and it is commonly written out in dotted decimal notation just like an IP address If you write it out as a binary number you will notice that it consists of a string of ones followed by a string of zeros The ones indicate they mask the network portion of the IP address while the zeros indicate the host portion An example might explain this better Using the same IP address as above 192 168 1 65 with a subnet mask of 255 255 255 0 we find out that the network ID is 192 168 1 0 while the host ID is 65 Here is how we did it Step 1 Convert the mask to binary and we get 11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000 Step 2 Convert the IP Address to ones as well Decimal 192 168 1 65 J L L 4 IP Address 11000000 10101000 00000001 01000001 Mask 11111111 RAMAS 11111111 Boone Network Host Step 3 For each 1 in the subnet mask keep the corresponding IP address bit as is and for each O convert the corresponding bit to zero We end up with 11000000 10101000 00000001 00000000 or 192 168 1 0 This is the network ID part of the IP address Step 4 Now we invert the mask for each 0 in the subnet mask keep the corresponding IP address bit as is and for each 1 set the corresponding bit to zero We get 00000000 00000000 00000000 01000001 or 65 As you might know
63. ion Bitstream Bitstream Out filter blank and coding multiplex Perceptual Model Estimation of mask curve AUDIO CODING REFERENCE 57 The components work as follows 4 The analysis filter bank divides the audio into spectral components Sufficient frequency resolution must be used in order to exceed the width of the ear s critical bands which is 100 Hz below 500 Hz and 20 of the center frequency at higher frequencies The estimation of masked threshold section is where the human ear brain system is modeled This determines the masking curve under which noise must fall The audio is reduced to a lower bit rate in the quantization and coding section One the one hand the quantization must be sufficiently coarse in order not to exceed the target bit rate On the other hand the error must be shaped to be under the limits set by the masking curve The quantized values are joined in the bit stream multiplex along with any side information Doing audio coding effectively means managing several tradeoffs Most important is the number of samples coded together in one frame Long frames have high delay but are more efficient because the header and side information is transmitted less frequently Longer frames offer the possibility to use filter banks with better frequency resolution A fundamental principle in signal processing is that spectral splitting filters may have either good time resolution or good frequency resolution but
64. ire streams in your network After boot up it may take a few seconds until all available streams have been detected Browse to the desired stream to select it as your Livewire input LW Output Stream number Enter 0 to disable Livewire output Enter a stream number in the range 1 32000 to generate a Livewire stream This stream will always be active 4 To actually use the selected Livewire input stream as your audio input you must also change your audio input device in the Audio menu to Livewire 4 The SIP Server sub menu allows you to use your organization s SIP server to make calls This is optional in most cases Contact your SIP server administrator for the values to enter in these fields or leave them blank to not user your own SIP server 4 Registrar Hostname allows entry of alphanumeric text Registrar User Name allows entry of alphanumeric text THE USER INTERFACE amp SETUP 15 Registrar Password allows entry of alphanumeric text 4 Activate settings Accepts the above settings The Wifi WLAN menu has the following fields String alphanumeric text Hexnum Hexadeci mal numeral digit values of0 F 4 Encryption Method WEP String WEP Hexnum WPA WPA2 String WPA WPA2 Hexnum ESSID Network Name Pwd String Hex number password as text string or hexadecimal number 4 Activate Settings accepts the above settings The UMTS EVDO sub menu has the following items Country Germany USA
65. is greatly reduced Tones that were previously audible become masked in the presence of masking tones in this case the one at 300 Hz All signals below the upper threshold of audibility curve or Masking Threshold are not audible so we can drop them out or quantize them crudely with the least number of bits Any noise which results from crude quantization will not be audible if it occurs below the threshold of masking The masking depends upon the frequency the level and the spectral distribution of both the masker and the masked sounds AUDIO CODING REFERENCE 55 Masking Threshold Masked Sound Threshold in quiet Inaudible Signal kHz Masking effects in the frequency domain A masking signal inhibits audibility of signals adjacent in frequency and below the threshold To benefit from the masking effects perceptual coders use a filter bank to divide the input audio into mul tiple bands for analysis and processing The maximum masked noise level is calculated depending upon the spectral content and the available bits are allocated so as to keep the quantization noise below the masking threshold at every point in the spectrum While coding efficiency increases with more bands and better frequency resolution the time domain resolution decreases simultaneously owing to an inevitable side effect of the band filtering process higher frequency resolution requires a longer time window which limits the time res
66. is will rarely be necessary the Z IP provides the ability to upgrade the internal software in the field This option is only available through the HTML configuration web page Access this page using a browser over the LAN connection Type http 123 456 789 10 lt enter gt where 123 456 789 10 is the IP address for the Z IP One s LAN port You will be prompted for a user name and password The user name is user and the password is Telos note the capital T You will now see the Z IP s status screen Next click on Software Management near the top of the screen You will see the following 68 Section 13 ZIP ONE ZIPONE13 Software Management Software Update amp Maintenance Primary Software Bank Browse for update archive Choose File No file chosen Reboot Unit Primary Bank V1 0 0r 2011 04 04 Secondary Bank 1 0 0r 2011 04 04 Reboot into selected bank The Z IP ONE has two methods of software update depending on the extent of the changes made in the software version The Unit consists of two pieces of software embedded in the units flash memory the application Firmware and the Kernel In some case you will only need to update the current Firmware In others you may need to update the Kernel and the Firmware together this is called a System Update Firmware Update From the Setup gt Software menu examine the contents of the firmware in Bank O primary and Bank 1 sec
67. it s AAC ELD combines the strengths of its two main components MPEG 4 AAC Low Delay and Spectral Band Replication SBR Whereas MPEG 4 AAC LD features low encoding decoding latency SBR provides high quality audio at very low bit rates SBR is also used in MPEG 4 HE AAC one of today s most efficient audio codecs AAC ELD became an MPEG standard in January 2008 ISO MPEG LAYER 2 MPEG Layer 2 was an extremely popular early perceptual coding method primarily because it s easier and less expensive to implement particularly at the encoder and practical devices using it were available earlier than Layer 3 It s a preferred choice for applications where very large data capacity is available such as satellite links high capacity Primary ISDN or T1 circuits and hard disk storage systems using Ethernet for signal distribution AUDIO CODING REFERENCE 63 We include it in Z IP to offer compatibility with the widest variety of codecs and for use at high bit rates Layer 2 J Stereo The Layer 2 joint stereo mode uses an intensity coding method This method has high coding power and is quite effective but hurts stereo separation on some program material Audio above 3 kHz or so is combined to mono and panned to one of seven positions across the stereo stage G 722 This technology pre dates perceptual coding It is much simpler than the transform methods but suffers from poorer audio performance It has the benefit of low co
68. line Frontpanel Screenshot 30 Section 5 QuickStart Menu This link opens a PDF copy of the QuickStart Guide in your browser window de x Bros 1152 168 0 130 2pQuidstar par Mm BBA els oops Har Quick Start Guide After unpacking your Zephyr IP you can quickly get up and running using this s The steps involved are attach cables configure the network interface configure server settings connect to the network adjust the audio settings and make a test follow below Step 1 Attach Cables Attach the power cable and your audio cables two pairs of XLR cables for ster one pair of cables for AES EBU in and out Do not connect the unit on your ne time 6 Making Connections with Other Units Obviously the main job of the Z IP ONE is to make high quality audio connections with other units in remote locations usually over the Internet This section will help you to set up your Z IP ONE create useful lists of other units and make reliable connections to them 6 1 Creating a Z IP Identity on the Z IP Server The first step in connecting with other units is to create a Z IP ONE Name for your unit on the Z IP server 1 From the front panel user interface navigate to the Setup menu and then to the Z IP Server sub menu Device Unit name ZIPONE13 Group name public Group pa public Device Visibility Visible to All 2 Inthe Device Unit Name field enter a name for your unit that will help i
69. listed alphabetically Select the device name from the list once you have located the appropriate name You can now add the device to your Buddy List by clicking the Add button 6 3 Calling using the Call History Log Select the History button on the main menu to open the Z IP ONE s call log Each call in the list is preceded by a symbol indicating an incoming or outgoing call An arrow pointing to the right towards the unit name indicates an outgoing call An arrow pointing to the left away from the unit name indicates an incoming call To place a call to a unit listed in the Call History simply browse the list and select the unit by pressing the Control Knob Then select the Call button on the screen to place the call You can also add a unit to your Buddy List from the Call History Log Find the unit in the list select it and hit the Save Selected button on the screen instead of Call You will be taken directly to the Phonebook menu where you can enter a screen name and panic dial bit if desired 6 4 Relay Connection over the Server In certain cases when both ends are behind very restrictive NATs it may not be possible to establish a direct connection between the two units In such cases the Z IP ONE Server provides a limited backup mode that will still allow you to make a connection Unit A will send its compressed audio data to the Z IP Server which will in turn relay this data to Unit B The sam
70. m dd hh mm Outputs Inputs of z No function Off E No function Off El No function 7 Of No function Off E No function Off 27 No function El Off x No function Off Lx No function E New password 5 to 8 characters Retype new password THE WEB INTERFACE 27 Autodial Menu The autodial menu is a Java application that will require you to enter your username and password before it will run There are four tabs as shown below Auto Connect Status and Audio Metering Connect Status Audio Metering ZAP ONE Testline Autodial ZephyrAP Name Testline DIRECTORY Call Add Directory Edit IP Pushmode Dial Disconnect Auto Connect Audio Metering Disconnected ZAP ONE Testline Autodial ZephyrAP Name Testline CONNECT MENU Direct Dial Call Disconnect Save Clear All 28 Section 5 Testline Autodial Auto Connect Status Audio Metering Zephyr IP Name Testline Receive Disconnected Send Lost Concealed Buffered Dropped Testline Autodial Auto Connect Status Audio Metering Zephyr AP Name Testline THE WEB INTERFACE 29 Software Management This menu allows you to update the software contained
71. mpletely unpredictable and contain no re dundancy at all Furthermore looking for redundancy can take time while a popular song might have three choruses with identical audio data that would need to be coded only once you d have to store and analyze the entire song in order to find them Any system intended for a real time use over telephone channels must have a consistent output rate and be able to accommodate the worst case so effective audio compression is impossible with redundancy reduction alone Fortunately psychoacoustics permits a clever solution Effects called masking have been discovered in the human auditory system These masking effects which merely prove that our brain is also doing something similar to bit rate reduction have been found to occur in both the frequency and time domains and can be exploited for audio data reduction Most important for audio coding are the effects in the frequency domain Research into perception has revealed that a tone or narrow band noise at a certain frequency inhibits the audibility of other signals that fall below a threshold curve centered on a masking signal The figure below shows two thresholds of audibility curves The lower one is the typical frequency sensi tivity of the human ear when presented with a single swept tone When a single constant tone is added the threshold of audibility changes as shown in the upper curve The ear s sensitivity to signals near the constant tone
72. namic fashion When an IP device that is configured to use DHCP is powered up or connected to the network it broadcasts a request for IP configuration information on the subnet If a DHCP server is available it will allocate an unused IP address from a user specified range and respond back to the device The device can then configure itself with this IP address Using DHCP is a convenient method to configure an IP device but is not always the best course of action When you use DHCP you don t know the assigned IP address of the device plus this address may change from time to time This is usually not a problem but in some cases it can be If you need to configure the Z IP via a web interface you will have to check the currently assigned IP address on the device via the front panel Another situation where you do not want to use DHCP is if you wish to configure port forwarding on your NAT see section 8 6below since you must forward each desired port to a specific internal IP address 9 2 Discover the Local Network Settings You need to plug in your Z IP into a network but you don t know the network settings If there is no one to ask what can you do Well if there is a PC already plugged in into the same network then you can check the network configura tion on the PC to determine the available network settings The directions here are for a Windows PC 1 Click the Start button on the task bar then select the Run option The following dialo
73. nd group administrative password Click the Create Group button to create the group A message will indicate if the operation succeeded or failed If the group creation failed due to a duplicate name then you will need to change the name and try again Using the name of your organization or department for the group name may be more likely to succeed A group uses two passwords The first is the password that others will need in order to be able to join the group or to see devices that are listed as group private more on this a bit later The group administrative password is used to change the group passwords later if needed You should give your group password out only to people that you want to have as members of your group For those outside your organization you should use the public group that is why we created it You should NEVER give out your group administrative password 38 Section 8 Directory Listing Visibility The server directory allows users to find other Z IPs without having to know their currently assigned IP address But there are times when you may want to limit the visibility of your Z IP ONE When you register with the server your Z IP ONE can select one the following visibility modes 1 Visible to all Anyone is able to see your Z IP s directory listing 2 Visible to group Only visible to those devices that know your group s password Of course this option is not useful for the public group since
74. olution Happily masking works also in the time domain A short time before and a longer time after a tone is switched on and off other signals below a threshold amplitude level are not noticeable Filter banks with higher frequency resolution naturally exploit the ear s time masking properties Test tone dB 20 Mask tone 5 0 5 10 20 50 100 200 500 Delay time ms Masking effects in the time domain Masking occurs both bef ore and af ter the masking signal 56 Section 11 Level dB Masking tone Time Inaudible tones under value LLL ELE DDR Freq The combined results of time and frequency vs masking Signals under the curve are inaudible IMPORTANT Due to a perceptual coder s reliance on precisely modeling principles of human perception audio to be coded should not be processed with any non linear dynamics processing such as clipping multi band compression or hard limiting Wideband compression or AGC is acceptable and may be desirable if a consistent level cannot otherwise be achieved The same is true of audio that has been decoded after passing through a perceptual coding cycle but to much lesser degree For more information on this follow the link to our Omnia Audio website that has a paper delivered at the AES by Frank Foti on this topic http www omniaaudio com techinfo default htm The steps involved in the perceptual coding process are shown below Analysis Quantizat
75. ondary of the flash memory Make sure that you are running out of the Opposite bank from the one which you will be updating In other words when you upload the update to the non running bank it will erase the current contents of that bank so make sure that you preserve the correct firmware version in the other bank If you are NOT running from the bank that you would like to preserve then check the radio button next to that bank and the click the Reboot button on the web page When the unit comes back up navigate back to this page and continue with the update process You are now ready to begin the update 1 Download the latest software version for the Z IP ONE from the Telos Systems web page www telos systems com Save it to a convenient place on your PC Partition updates are typically named following the naming convention zipone 04Apr2011 V1 0 0r full tgz DO NOT unpack this archive 2 Connect to the embedded web page of the Z IP ONE you will be upgrading by typing its IP Address into the Navigation Bar of your browser 3 Navigate to the Update page of the Z IP ONE 4 Locate the Update Firmware section of the page and click the Browse button to locate the software package you just downloaded Navigate through your computer s directories and double USING THE FIELD UPGRADE OPTION 69 click the file that you downloaded Now click on the Update Firmware button You should now refresh
76. or Use Dial Number Protocol CDMA or GPRS 4 Dial Number allows entry of a numeric string PIN Number allows entry of a personal ID number Account Name allows entry of alphanumeric text Account Password allows entry of alphanumeric text 4 Provider URL allows entry of a valid URL 4 Activate Settings accepts the above settings Router Mode has the following choices Off and Between LAN and Streamlfc short for streaming interface When Router Mode is off the Ethernet ports are kept completely separate When it is enabled the Z IP ONE creates a bridge between the LAN and whichever interface is selected for streaming 4 The Setup gt Audio Codec menu allows the user to change various settings related to the audio and transmission quality as well as select the appropriate compression scheme Lowest Delay Lower Quality Encoding Mode AAC ELD Bitrate Minimum 3 kbps Bitrate Maximum 64 kbps Buffering Max Payload Type Profile allows the Z IP ONE to make codec decisions based on the goal displayed If you choose User Setting the following settings are used instead Encoding Mode The Z IP ONE supports AAC ELD AAC HE AAC HE AAC V2 HELD AAC AAC LD G711 G722 and 16 20 amp 24 bit PCM For more on the advantages and disadvantages of each and typical bit rates see Section 11 16 Section 4 4 Bitrate Maximum and Bitrate Minimum These parameters allow you set limits on the ran
77. ord and power on the unit 71 1 4 Z IP ONE AUDIO SPECIFICATIONS Line Input THD N Pro Pro Freq Response Head Room Dynamic Range Crosstalk Output Clipping Output Impedance Input Impedance Analog to Digital Converter Digital to Analog Converter Power 4dBu input lt 0 03 12dBu 1 kHz Sine 1dB 25 20 kHz 18dB gt 87dB Unweighted gt 90 dB A Weighted Over 80 db 22dBu 50 Ohm differential 6K Ohm differential 24bits 24bits 115Vac 14 2 Watts 1 5 Warranty and Application Cautions Z IP ONE LIMITED WARRANTY This Warranty covers the Products which are defined as the various audio equipment parts software and accessories manufactured sold and or distributed by TLS Corp d b a Telos Systems hereinafter Telos Systems With the exception of software only items the Products are warranted to be free from defects in material and workmanship for a period of two years from the date of receipt by the end user Software only items are warranted to be free from defects in material and workmanship for a period of 90 days from the date of receipt by the end user This warranty is void if the Product is subject to Acts of God including without limitation lightning improper installation or misuse including without limitation the failure to use telephone and power line surge protection devices accident neglect or damage EXCEPT FOR THE ABOVE STATED WARRANTY TE
78. ot operate normally following operating instructions Ifthe product has been exposed to rain or water Ifthe product has been dropped or damaged in any way When the product exhibits a distinct change in performance outside of normally operating specifications Replacement Parts When replacement parts are required be sure the service technician has used replacement parts specified by the manufacturer Unauthorized substitutions may result in fire electric shock or other hazards Safety Check Upon completing of any repairs to this product ask the service technician to perform safety checks to determine that the product is in proper operating condition Cleaning Do not use liquid cleaners or aerosol cleaners Use only a damp cloth for cleaning the exterior of the product only
79. re set up in the router as these names are typically case sensitive Once entered scroll down and click on Activate Settings 9 Press Esc repeatedly till you return to the main menu Navigate to SETUP menu Rotate the 2 AS Control knob to highlight Streaming Option and press amp change it to WiFi WLAN Press g to accept 9 Press esc till you return to the main menu and navigate back to the STATUS screen If you connect properly through the WiFi stick to the router the Z IP indicator should fill in indicating it has found the Z IP Server Try connecting to the Telos test line or another Z IP unit 66 Section 12 For UMTS EVDO Wireless Networks 5 From the Setup gt Network menu choose the UMTS EVDO option Set the country protocol dial number PIN number account name account password and provider URL all these things should have been given to you from your wireless provider Select Activate Settings to commit your settings to memory and begin using them ESC back to Setup Menu and choose Streaming Interface and choose WiFi WLAN or UMTS EVDO as appropriate choose WiFi WLAN if you are using a Wi Fi USB stick or UMTS EVDO for wireless cellular service You will now be connecting over the USB device when making a call 12 2 EVDO Devices Supported Currently the Z IP supports the following EVDO devices 1 2 3 Sierra Wireless USB device AC595U for either Sprint or Verizon Novatel Ovation
80. rs have made their way into software revisions or new products Please contact us with your comments Service You must contact Telos before returning any equipment for factory service We will need the serial number located on the back of the unit Telos Systems will issue a Return Authorization number which must be written on the exterior of your shipping container Please do not include cables or accessories unless specifically requested by the technical support engineer at Telos Be sure to adequately insure your shipment for its replacement value Packages without proper authorization may be refused US customers please contact Telos technical support at 1 216 622 0247 All other customers should contact your local representative to make arrangements for service We support you By Phone Fax You may reach our 24 7 Support Team anytime around the clock by calling 1 216 622 0247 For billing questions or other non emergency technical questions call 1 216 241 7225 between 9 30 AM to 6 00 PM USA Eastern Time Monday through Friday Our fax is 1 216 241 4103 By E Mail Technical support is available at Support Telos Systems com All other inquiries at Inquiry Telos Systems com Via World Wide Web The Telos Web site has a variety of information which may be useful for product selection and support The URLis www Telos Systems com 10987654321 Telos Systems USA Telos Systems 1241 Superior Avenue E Cleveland OH 441
81. s alerts you to the presence of uninsulated dangerous voltage inside the enclosure voltage which may be sufficient to constitute a risk of shock This symbol wherever it appears alerts you to important operating and maintenance instructions Read the manual Read All Instructions All safety and instructions must be read before operating the product Retain All Instructions All safety and operating instructions must be maintained for future refer ence Heed All Warnings All warnings on the product and those listed in the operating instructions must be adhered to Follow All Instructions All operating and product usage instructions must be followed Heat This product must be situated away from any heat sources such as radiators heat registers stoves or other products including power amplifiers that produce heat Water and Moisture Do not use this product near water Attachments Do not use any attachments not recommended by the product manufacturer as they may cause hazards Power Sources This product must be operated from the type of power source indicated on the marking label and the installation instructions If you are not sure of the type of power supplied to your facility consult your local power company Grounding and Polarization This product is equipped with a polarized AC plug with integral safety ground pin Do not defeat the safety ground in any manner Power Cord Protection Power supply cords must b
82. s easier to remember and talk about than 3 232 235 841 Subnet Masks Larger networks are often broken down into subnets Subnets make the network easier to manage Subnets are connected to each other by routers devices that route the packets to the destination The Internet Protocol differentiates between local addresses addresses on the same subnet and remote addresses on different subnets It uses the subnet mask to accomplish this task Subnet masks might also be called netmasks or IP masks 40 Section 9 Before we get too deep into binary numbers host and network address parts you should be aware that you can safely treat the subnet mask as just another parameter to set when you configure an IP address No deep understanding is required to find out what the local subnet mask is and to configure it for your IP device We should also mention that one of the most commonly used subnet mask is 255 255 255 0 Read on to find out why Network and Host IDs To deal with subnets IP treats the IP address as consisting of two separate IDs a network ID anda host ID The network ID identifies the subnet while the host ID identifies the actual device on the subnet If two devices have addresses with the same network IDs then they are on the same subnet and are able to exchange data directly If not then they are on different subnets Any data exchange between them would have to go through a router The protocol needs to split the IP address
83. sink up to 400 mA however the maximum combined current should be kept below 1000 mA These can be used to convey logic from the far end codec or they can be used for monitoring the status ofthe local unit This functionality can be selected by a menu selection for each output in Settings menu An equivalent schematic for the outputs is shown below If you wish to interface directly to 5 volt logic inputs the outputs include a pull up resistor to 5 volts If you need a logic high greater than 5 volts you may supply an external pull up resistor 2 2 kOhm to 10 kOhm is appropriate to the voltage level require by your external logic inputs You cannot use a voltage level less than SV however you may use up to SOV If used with a relay or LED then tie your external power source ground to pin 25 or use the S VDC power supplied on pin 1 and run this power source through your device with a resistor in series to limit maxi mum current to less than 125 mA l l Output 400 mA max Equivalent schematic f or the Parallel Outputs An external pull up resistor may be used if a logic high of greater than S volts is required Alternatively a voltage source such as the 5 volts on pin 1 can be driven through an external device such as a relay or LED into the input Parallel Inputs 0 7 All inputs are specially treated to accept either a voltage up to 24 VDC or a closure to ground which may be provide
84. ssword if required into the appropriate fields of the Setup gt Network gt SIP Server submenu Once you save the settings the Z IP will register with the SIP server and all outgoing calls will be routed though the SIP server Incoming calls are always accepted either directly or through the SIP server Making SIP Calls You can make SIP calls by entering the address of the device to call or by adding a SIP speed dial entry A SIP address has the following format sip name address Using the sip prefix tells the Z IP that this is going to bea SIP call The name portion is either the name or phone number of the remote device and the address is the IP address of the device or of that device s proxy server if it has one Adding SIP Devices to the Buddy List To enter a SIP buddy make sure the type is set to SIP and the device name is set to the SIP name or for direct SIP calls name ip The Z IP Server In the Quick Start Guide section you were asked to enter settings for the Z IP Server This section describes the purpose of the server and the functions it provides A Z IP Server is configured and maintained by Telos Systems as a service to our customers it provides a set of services to enhance the functionality of your Z IP the directory service the presence server NAT traversal service and media relay service Organizations may host their own Z IP server if desired the following subsections describe eac
85. st and the unique advantage of low delay It has been around as an international standard the longest and is probably the most widely used system In our view this technology is acceptable for mono voice where high fidelity is not necessary It is good also for cueing and intercom channels We have included G 722 in Z IP because 4 It had been the most popular coding method early on so there are many of these codecs in use Because it is a standard codecs from various manufacturers have a good probability of being able to interwork with one another We ve tested with many units and have found no problems so far G 722 has the lowest delay of all popular coding methods This method was invented in the late 70s and adopted as a standard in 1984 by the CCITT the Consultative Committee for International Telephony and Telegraphy renamed as ITU T in 1993 The technique used is Sub Band ADPCM Adaptive Delta Pulse Code Modulation which achieves data reduction by transmit ting only the difference between successive samples G 722 does this in two audio frequency sub bands 50 Hz to 4 kHz and 4 to 7 kHz DEEP TECH NOTE Only two bits are allocated per sample for audio frequencies above 4 kHz sufficient for conveying the sibilance in voice signals but not very good for intricate musical sounds Also the predictor model used to determine the step size in the adaptive function is designed only for speech This is why music transmit
86. systems com Listen Port Cempty default Default Fort Activate Settings Create Group 32 Section 6 6 2 The Phonebook The Z IP ONE has a nifty way of managing your list of commonly used contacts The Phonebook Press the Auto key on the front panel On the screen you will see a list of other units and possibly the online status of each unit Three symbols are used to indicate the status of the units in your list a filled in bullet indicates the unit is online An empty bullet indicates that the unit is not currently online The indicates that the buddy is an RTP or TSCP connection Since these connections do not use the Z IP Server their online status cannot be reported Lastly if there is no symbol next to the name the Z IP server is currently unreachable or it does not know about the device perhaps the other Z IP ONE changed names or groups If there is no circle at all the Z IP server either does not know this device or this is not a TSCP buddy When you are viewing the phonebook turn the control knob to highlight the unit in the list that you would like to call Press the knob or the AUTO button to call the unit selected Add a Buddy to Your List Manual Method To add an entry manually first click the Phonebook on the main screen then click the Manual Add button in the submenu The Add dialog will be displayed Device Name Enter name oup Name public Call Type TSCP een Name Enter n
87. t The Setup menu contains 6 sub menus and one direct changeable option as follows 4 Streaming Interface allows choosing the Ethernet or other interface that will be used to communicate with another codec Normally this would be the WAN interface The options are LAN Port WAN Port 14 Section 4 WiFi WLAN appropriate USB stick must be installed UMTS EVDO appropriate USB stick must be installed 4 The Setup gt Network Sub menu has one menu item and the following sub menus The WAN Interface menu sets the following options for the WAN RJ 45 on the back of the unit WAN IPaddress IP address for this interface WAN Netmask Subnet Mask for this interface WAN Gateway IP Gateway Router IP address for this interface WAN DNS Server IP DNS Server IP address for this interface WAN DHCP Off or On Activate Settings accepts the above settings and restarts the network interface The LAN Interface menu has the following options LAN IPaddress IP address for this interface LAN Netmask Subnet Mask for this interface LAN Gateway IP Gateway Router IP address for this interface LAN DNS Server IP DNS Server IP address for this interface LANDHCP Offor On 4 Activate Settings accepts the above settings and restarts the network interface The Livewire menu has the following options t LW input stream put 4 Select LW input stream This list box shows the available Livew
88. t of the far end codec indicating the given input bit is asserted This can be used for troubleshooting or can be used as simple identifier to distinguish different codecs at the far end 1 1 Audio Coding Reference 11 1 Introduction to Audio Coding Technology Introduction Audio takes up alot of data Just a regular phone call uses 64 000 bits per second Without data reduction CD quality quality audio 16 bits at 44 1kHz sample rate requires a transmis sion capacity of about 706 thousand bits per second kbps for each audio channel But the wires we use for remote broadcasting are on a telephone system designed for voice grade communications 8 bits at 8kHz sample rate or 64 thousand bits per second kbps per channel That s 11 of what we need CURIOSITY NOTE You can arrive at these same numbers with nothing more complicated than grade school math Just multiply the sample rate by the sample depth 44 100 samples per second 16 bits per sample 705 600 bits per second for CD quality mono audio Multiply by 2 for stereo You can reduce the data requirements by lowering the quality somewhat 13 bits would yield a respectable 78 dB dynamic range certainly adequate for casual home listening And a 32kHz sample rate with careful equipment design will give you flat response to 15kHz the practical limit for analog FM broadcasting in North America Unfortunately that still leaves us with telephone data channels about 93
89. ted via G 722 has a distinct fuzzy quality G 722 has a frequency response extending to 7 5 kHz with fairly poor fidelity Unless there is no alternative it should not be used for music 1 2 Mobile Network Devices 12 1 How to configure Mobile Data Devices on the Z IP ONE The Z IP ONE supports a variety of Mobile Network Devices see section 13 2 through 13 3 through the USB port on the back of the unit To use one of these devices is not complicated 1 Boot the Z IP ONE WITHOUT the USB device plugged in this is important because the Z IP may not recognize the device unless it is plugged in while the unit is up and running Once the unit has completed the boot process and is showing the main menu screen plug one of the approved mobile devices into either of the USB ports on the back of the Z IP see the Telos web site for the most up to date list of approved devices Navigate to the Setup gt Network menu and continue as follows for the type of network to be used For WiFi WLAN Networks 3 Pm Press Esc to access the main menu Using the Control Knob navigate to SETUP gt NET 2 WORK gt WiFi WLAN option Press amp to select g A Rotate the Control knob to highlight the relevant fields and press to select them Use the keypad to enter the necessary information for the Encryption Method the ESSID Network Name and the Password String Note that you must enter the ESSID and password exactly as they a
90. ternet and consumer electronics fame under the moniker derived from the file extension MP3 MPEG2 opened the door for new work and some minor improvements were added to both Layers 2 and 3 In 1997 the first in the AAC family was added to the MPEG2 standard MPEG4 is ongo ing now but it has already been decided that AAC will be the general audio coder under this umbrella MPEG3 was skipped for reasons unknown MPEG4 AAC Advanced Audio Coding The MPEG4 AAC system is the newest audio coding method selected by MPEG It is a fully state of the art audio compression tool that provides performance superior to any known approach at bit rates greater than 64 kbps and excellent performance relative to the alternatives at bit rates reaching as low as 16 kbps The idea that led to AAC was not only to start fresh but also to combine the best work from the world s leading audio coding laboratories Fraunhofer Dolby Sony and AT amp T were the primary collaborators that offered components for AAC The hoped for result was ITU International Tele communications Union indistinguishable quality at 64 kbps per mono channel That is quality indistinguishable from the original with no audio test item falling below the perceptible but not annoying threshold in controlled listening tests The MPEG test items include the most difficult audio known to codec researchers so this was daunting challenge The thinking was that if a codec coul
91. the shoulder of the telecom guys to see what they have learned For broadcast remotes we try to arrange our system so that there is no path for the field announcer s voice to return to his her headphones Nevertheless sometimes echo is unavoidable For example this can hap pen when a telephone hybrid has leakage or when a studio announcer has open air headphones turned up loud and the audio makes its way into the studio microphone When there is no echo it has been discovered that anything less than 100 ms one way delay permits normal interaction between participants Between 100 and 250 ms is considered acceptable ITU T standard G 114 recommends 150 ms as the maximum for good interactivity Echo introduces a different case As you might expect echo is more or less annoying depending upon both the length of time it is delayed and its level Telephone researchers have measured and quantified reactions and ITU T G 131 reports the findings and makes recommendations AUDIO CODING REFERENCE 61 1 complain about echo problem 10 complain about echo problem TELR dB 0 10 20 30 50 100 200 300 One way delay ms Summary of ITU T G 13 with recommendations f or designers of telephone systems that must cope with echo This shows Talker Echo Loudness Rating vs delay There are codecs using other than perceptual technologies that have lower delay but they are not as powerful That is for a given bitrate they do not ach
92. tibility across a wide variety of equipment The MPEG process is open and competitive A committee of industry representatives and researchers meet to determine goals for target bit rate quality levels application areas testing procedures etc Interested organizations that have something to contribute are invited to submit their best work A careful double blind listening test series is then conducted to determine which of the entrant s technologies delivers the highest performance The subjective listening evaluations are done at various volunteer organizations around the world that have access to both experienced and inexperienced test subjects Broadcasters are the most common participants with many of the important test series conducted at the BBC in England the CBC in Canada and NHK in Japan Finally results are tabulated a report is drafted and ultimately a standard is issued In 1992 under MPEG1 the first of the MPEG standards this process resulted in the selection of three related audio coding methods each targeted to different bit rates and applications These are the famous layers 1 2and 3 As the layer number goes up so does performance and implementation complexity Layer 1 is not much used Layer 2 is widely used for DAB in Europe audio for video and broadcast playout systems Layer 3 which Telos was the first to use in the Zephyr is widely used in broadcast codecs and 58 Section 11 has gone on to significant In
93. ubic CS DNS Server foo Group Password public o DHCP Disabled gt Listen port 0 default BD IP Address raza 68 0 197 Encryption Method None IP Mask 255 255 2550 ESSID Network Name gt Gateway rez 168 01 Encryption Key HEX number 7 DNS Server 65 1067195 DHCP Disabled Encryption Method USA 2 Streaming Interface Selection Dial Number none use default Network Interface LAN y PIN Number if required L Router mode between streaming Disabled Protocol coma interface and LAN Multicast Streaming TTL def 1 fi Account name if required Device Name BETAMASTER Provider URL if required ZIP Server Hostname zp telos systems com Group Name publi EP SererHostname Group Password public OS SIP Server Username Listen port 0 default Doo PP Sener Password SIP Port 0 default5060 Keep in mind that if you change the IP Address of your unit through the web page you will need to recon nect to the device using the new IP Address After you enter any information in this page you must press the Apply button at the bottom of the page to activate the changes THE WEB INTERFACE 25 Audio Settings Menu This menu allows you to change the audio inputs and levels of the unit Testline Audio Settings
94. und See chapter 10 below for more detailed information on the Contact Closure operations The User Interface Setup The Front Panel Controls ee MENO o 0 000 BBB 00 Headphone Control Knob This is a volume control It also has a push to mute function Pushing this button will mute the headphone audio Pushing a second time will un mute it Main Control Knob gt Rotating the Z IP ONE s control knob moves the cursor It also has a push to click function pressing g the knob a selects the highlighted menu selection ESC Button g This button escapes from the currently selected menu or dialog screen While in edit mode pressing a cancels any edits and leaves the field unchanged The Number Pad The dial pad is used to enter data in edit fields If the field accepts only numeric data or IP addresses then pressing the buttons will enter the number pressed Other fields accept alphanumeric strings In these fields the buttons cycle though the alphabetic characters in uppercase then lowercase then the numeric value The 1 and buttons allow you to enter special characters 12 Section 4 CHARACTERS ENTERED _ lt space gt 0 1 ABCabc2 DEFdef3 GHIghi4 JKLjkI5 MNOmno6 PQRSpqrs7 TUVtuv8 WXYZwxyz9 vos a vu bu NN The Connection Buttons The Z IP ONE has 3 buttons on the very right side for setting up and dismissing connections labeled AUTO CONN and DIS
95. xact scenario The Setup gt System submenu contains settings for general system options Autoanswer Frontpanel Speak Redial Mode Autoanswer If Autoanswer is turned on the Z IP ONE will accept any incoming connec tion If autoanswer is off the user will be prompted to accept or reject all incoming calls 4 Display Contrast sets the brightness of the screen Turning the contrast down can extend the life of the frontpanel display 4 Frontpanel Speaker choose which sounds are played during operation or disable the internal speaker Redial Mode If a call fails abnormally this setting determines how many times the Z IP ONE attempts to reestablish the call ifany Display Dim Timeout Enables a screensaver that turns the contrast very low until any key or knob is used Use this to extend the life of the display if the Z IP ONE is not moni tored via the frontpanel Remote ctrl password This is the password used to access the Z IP ONE s configuration webpages THE USER INTERFACE 8 SETUP 17 NTP Server IP Name Specifies a Network Time Protocol server to use to set the time and date on the Z IPONE Time and date are used on status displays and for timestamping logs for troubleshooting 4 The Setup gt Software submenu allows you to choose between two different versions of Z IP ONE software that may be installed The last option Reset to Defaults amp Reboot will erase all custom settings and budd
96. xed L R L R mode dynamically depending upon the program material The result of all this is that the researchers succeeded AAC provides performance superior to any known codec at bitrates greater than 64kbps and excellent performance relative to the alternatives at bitrates reaching as low as 16 kbps And the researchers succeeded in achieving the ITU goal AAC is the first codec system to fulfill the ITU requirements for indistinguishable quality at 128 kbps stereo It has approximately 100 more coding power than Layer 2 and 30 more power than the former MPEG performance leader Layer 3 For more information on AAC and the tests of it see our web site for a paper on the subject www zephyr com It offers 20 kHz mono or stereo audio bandwidth Significantly less delay than Layers 2 or 3 Full fidelity mono on a single S6kbps channel 4 Affordable transparent audio transmission for AM FM radio or television audio AAC LD AAC Low Delay When announcers use codecs for broadcast remote applications they often need to have natural two way interaction with other program participants located back at the studio or callers Because it is a hot topic for engineers working in the field of Internet telephony a number of studies have been conducted to determine user s reactions to delays in telephone conversations The data apply directly to the application of profes sional codecs to remotes so it is interesting to take a peak over
97. y list entries When the Z IPONE reboots it will have the same settings it had when it originally came from Telos Executing primary software Reboot to Secondary Y 11 04 04 Reset to Defaults amp Reboot The Setup gt Parallel Port submenu shows the settings and current state of the input and output General Purpose I O pins These pins may be either on the physical parallel port on the back of the Z IP ONE or virtual pins on Livewire GPIO Input Bit Ho function Input Bit No function Input Bit 2 Ho function Input Bit 3 Ho function Y Input Bit 0 7 Sets the Z IP ONE s response to toggling an input pin See Chapter 10 for more information Output Bit 0 7 Sets what status information is reflected on each of the output pins See Chapter 10 for more information Bit 0 3 GPI Src The Z IP ONE s 8 GPIO signals can be on the parallel port or over Livewire Since Livewire GPIO comes in bundles of 5 inputs and outputs the Z IP ONE uses the first four pins of two separate Livewire GPIO addresses If a GPI Src is specified here the first 4 inputs are taken from this Livewire GPIO port Livewire GPOs are always present Bit 4 7 GPI Src The Livewire GPI Src for bits four through seven Leave this field blank to use the parallel port for GPIO inputs The Setup gt Z IP Server menu allows the user to select which Z IP server to use and how the Z TP ONE is represented on that server Unit nam

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