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RST Condition - Astronics Test Systems

1. 2 Service Request 5 6 7 OR gt 7 Status Byte Register Ohms Overload 9 STB 10 a SPOLL Limit Test Fail LO 11 Er SRE lt unmask gt Limit Fail HI412 SRE 13 D 14 15 C EV EN Output Buffer gt 7 i SRQ ROUTING be Status handled by your f Byte application SR program or J o passed to the Request Service controller via N i GPIB Standard Event Register ESRI ESE lt unmask gt ESE Operation Complete Summary Bit unmask examples Query Error Ber pe unmask pera Register decimal Execution Error bit weight Commond Error ao Operation Complete 4 0 lt 1 gt ESE 61 unmasks standard event register bits O 2 3 4 and 5 ESE 1 only unmasks bit Q SRE 8 unmasks the QUE bit in the status byte register ly if the STAT QUES EN command is executed STAT QUES ENAB 11 and 12 Status Byte Figure 3 1 4152A Status System Register Diagram 659 unmasks all bits its 0 1 9 that can set the QUE bit in the 142 SCPI Command Reference Chapter 3 SYSTem The SYSTem command subsystem returns error numbers and their assoc
2. Function Digits Readings sec AC Filter 6 1 2 1 Slow 3Hz per 7 seconds 8 7 sec settling time ACV and ACI 6 1 2 1 8 Medium 20Hz 6 1 2 1 6 81 9 Fast 200Hz 6 1 2 50 10 Fast 200Hz System Speeds 10 11 Function or Range Change 5 sec Autorange Time lt 0 8 sec ASCII readings to GPIB 50 sec Max Internal Trigger Rate 50 sec Max External Trigger Rate to Memory 50 sec 1 Specifications are for 1 hour warm up at 100 PLC integration time 3 Hz Slow ac filter sinewave input 2 Relative to calibration standards 3 20 overrange on all AC ranges except 300V and 3A ranges which have 1 overrange 4 Values in the AC Characteristics Accuracy Specifications table are for sinewave inputs gt 5 of range gt 15 of range for 300 VAC For smaller inputs add an additional error to the value in the table as follows Additional Error Specifications to Range Table Value for Sinewave Inputs 1 to 5 of range 3 to 15 of range Function Range lt 50kHz gt 50kHz lt 50kHz gt 50kHz 100mV to 100V add 0 1 to add 0 13 to of range of range True RMS AC Voltage 300V add 0 3 to add 0 4 to of range of range True RMS 1A and 3A add 0 1 to AC Current of range 5 300Vac range limited to 50kHz For frequencies gt 50 kHz signals must be lt 1 5 x 10 Volt Hz 6 For frequencies below 100Hz 3Hz Slow
3. lt resolution gt numeric resolution MIN MAX DEF ohms To select a standard measurement range specify range as the input signal s maximum expected resistance The multimeter then selects the correct range to accept the input The AUTO or DEFault option for the range parameter enables autorange The DEF option for the resolution parameter defaults the integration time to 10 PLC The MIN and MAX parameters select the minimum or maximum values for range and resolution For range MIN 1000 MAX 100MQ For resolution MIN selects the best resolution the smallest value for the selected range MAX selects the worst resolution the largest value for the selected range To select autorange specify DEF for range or do not specify a value for the range and resolution parameters In the autorange mode the multimeter samples the input signal before each measurement and selects the appropriate range To specify a MIN or MAX resolution while autoranging you must specify AUTO or DEF for the range parameter as in MEAS RES DEF you cannot omit the range parameter This prevents the MIN or MAX resolution from being interpreted as a range setting and the resulting command becomes MEAS RES DEF MIN or MEAS RES DEF MAX Related Commands FETCh INITiate READ Example Making 2 Wire Ohms Measurements Chapter 3 MEAS RES 1320 MAX Function 2 wire ohms range selected 10kQ MAX resolution 1 0Q SCPI Co
4. Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt range gt numeric 10mA 100mA 1 A3 A A MIN MAX DEF AUTO lt resolution gt numeric resolution A MIN MAX DEF Comments To select a standard measurement range specify range as the input signal s maximum expected current The multimeter then selects the correct range that will accept the input The AUTO option for the range parameter enables autorange The DEF option for the resolution parameter defaults the integration time to 10 PLC The DEFault option for the range parameter will also enable autorange The DEF option for the resolution parameter defaults the integration time to 10 PLC range and resolution For range MIN 10mA MAX 3A For resolution MIN selects the best resolution the smallest value for the selected range MAX selects the worst resolution the largest value for the selected range The MIN and MAX parameters select the minimum or maximum values for To select autorange specify DEF for range or do not specify a value for the range and resolution parameters In the autorange mode the multimeter samples the input signal before each measurement and selects the appropriate range To specify a MIN or MAX resolution while autoranging you must specify the AUTO or DEFault parameter for range as MEAS CURR DC AUTO or MEAS CURR DC DEF you cannot omit the range parameter This prevents the MIN or MAX resolution from b
5. f a Racal Instruments Voltage SAN nee v oltage to reduce noise pr To prevent ground loops Do Not connect T Dual shield at source Banana Plug Je Signal Voltage G Twisted shielded pair pr To prevent ground loops Do Not connect shield at source Dual Banana Plug L Twisted shielded pair Figure 1 6 Voltage Ratio Vdc Measurement Connections Getting Started 6 Chapter 1 pom Racal Instruments 6172 0617 MULTIMETER Chapter 1 Null the Test Cable Resistance Method A Manually characterize the cable resistance then input the following commands CONF RES 100 CALC FUNC NULL CALC NULL OFFS lt cable_resistance gt CALC STAT ON Short test cable end at DUT Current Flow to 7 s s V y Method B L Twisted shielded pair Short the test cable end under program control then automatically store the cable resistance offset with the following commands CONF RES 100 CALC FUNC NULL CALC STAT ON READ stores the null offset value Enter reading will be 0 because the null offset is subtracted from itself Banana Plug Aia Measure the Unknown Resistance Subsequent measurements will automatically subtract the cable resistance null offset from the measured v
6. Comments MINimum selects the best resolution the smallest value for the selected range MAXimum selects the worst resolution the largest value for the selected range You must select a range using CURRent DC RANGe before specifying resolution Also only specify a resolution when making measurements on a fixed range Otherwise the resolution will change to correspond with the range selected during autoranging If autoranging is required set the resolution using the MIN or MAX parameters Changing the resolution also changes the NPLC and APERture setting to the values that correspond with the resolution specified CURRent DC RESolution SENSe CURRent DC RESolution MIN MAX returns one of the following numbers to the output buffer The present current resolution selected if MIN or MAX is not specified Only the resolutions available with the RESolution command are returned For example if CONFigure selects 10mA resolution 10mA is the resolution returned The minimum current resolution available 1 uA if MIN is specified The maximum current resolution available 1001LA if MAX is specified Example Query the DC Current Measurement Range CURR DC RES 3 CURR DC RES Select 3A resolution Query multimeter to return the present resolution enter statement Enter value into computer 114 SCPI Command Reference Chapter 3 DETector BANDwidth SENSe DETector BANDwidth lt bw gt s
7. Comments Example CALibration LFRequency queries the line frequency setting This command returns 50 for line frequency set to 400 because 400 is an even multiple of 50 Query the Line Frequency Setting CAL LFR Query the line frequency CALibration SECure CODE lt new code gt enters a new calibration security code To change the security code first unsecure the multimeter using the old security code with CAL SEC STAT OFF lt old code gt Then enter the new code The calibration security code may contain up to 12 characters The security code is stored in non volatile memory The security code is set to RI_4152A when the multimeter is shipped from the factory The security code is stored in non volatile memory and does not change when power has been off or after a remote interface reset The security code lt new code gt can contain up to 12 alphanumeric characters The first character must be a letter The remaining characters can be letters or numbers or an underscore You do not have to use all 12 characters but the first character must be a letter Enter a New Calibration Security Code CAL SEC STAT OFF RI_4152A Unsecure with the old code CAL SEC CODE the_new_code Enter a new calibration code a maximum of 12 characters 68 SCPI Command Reference Chapter 3 SECure STATe Parameters Comments Example SECure STATe Example STRing Parameters Comments Chapter 3 CALibration SE
8. Error Error ent Error ion E EN Status Byte Register STB SPOLL SRE lt unmask gt SRE Operation status Register STATus OPERation CONDition J STATus OPERation EVENt STATus OPERation ENABle o unmask examples 1 paaa A DEE 7 unmask lt Register decimal Summary bit weight 4 Bit OR 5 ET 6 Operation Complete 4 8 lt 256 gt OPR 7 oR Scan 7 8 Complete g 19 SRE 128 unmasks the PR bit in the status byte register This is effective only if the 12 STAT ENAB lt unmask gt command is executed 13 See below pe ER ENAB 256 unmasks bit 8 an Complete which can set the OPR bit in tl tatus Byte C EV Figure 2 3 4152A Multimeter Status System Chapter 2 Using The Instrument SYNCHOPC Source Code File 50 Using The Instrument This program has the multimeter take 10 measurements The Standard Event bit ESB in the status byte see Figure 2 3 on page 49 is monitored to detect when the operation is complete Readings are transferred to the output buffer by a FETC command and retrieved by the computer following the indicatio
9. STATe Chapter 3 SCPI Command Reference 61 AVERage AVERage Example CALCulate AVERage AVERage reads the average of all readings taken since AVERage was enabled CALC FUNC AVER and CALC STAT ON commands The average value is cleared when AVERage is enabled when power is removed or after the multimeter is reset The average value is stored in volatile memory Query the Average of All Readings Taken Since the AVERage Math Operation was Enabled CALC AVER AVER Query the average of all readings AVERage COUNt Example CALCulate AVERage COUNt reads the number of readings taken since AVERage was enabled CALC FUNC AVER and CALC STAT ON commands The count value is cleared when AVERage is enabled by the CALC FUNC AVER and CALC STAT ON commands when power has been off or after a remote interface reset The number of readings taken is stored in volatile memory Query the Number of Readings Since the AVERage Math Operation was Enabled CALC COUN Query number of readings AVERage MAXimum Example CALCulate AVERage MAXimum reads the maximum value found from an AVERage operation The max value is cleared when AVERage is enabled CALC FUNC AVER and CALC STAT ON commands when power is removed or after the multimeter is reset The maximum value is stored in volatile memory Query the Maximum Value Found During an AVERage Math Operation CALC AVER MAX Query the max value AVERage MINimum CALCulate AVERage M
10. The fastest aperture time available when autoranging is 100ms In order to specify an aperture time of 10ms you must select a fixed range Setting the aperture time also sets the resolution Aperture time of 0 01 sets resolution at 4 digits 0 1 sets 5 digits and 1 sets 6 digits RST Condition 0 1 100ms Example Set the Aperture Time PER APER 1E 2 Aperture time is 10 ms PERiod APERture SENSe PERiod APERture MIN MAX returns one of the following numbers to the output buffer The present aperture time in seconds if MIN or MAX is not specified The minimum aperture time available 10 ms if MIN is specified The maximum aperture time available 100 ms if MAX is specified Example Query the Aperture Time PER APER MIN Aperture time is 10ms PER APER Query multimeter to return aperture time enter statement Enter value into computer 124 SCPI Command Reference Chapter 3 PERiod VOLTage RANGe SENSe PERiod VOLTage RANGe lt range gt selects the voltage range for the signal level of period measurements Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt range gt numeric 100mV 1V 10V 100V 300V volts MIN MAX Comments To select a standard measurement range specify range as the input signal s maximum expected voltage The multimeter then selects the correct range MIN selects the minimum range available with the PERiod VOLTage RAN
11. and ON 1 parameters The ON parameter enables autozero This is the default parameter which causes the multimeter to internally disconnect the input signal following each measurement and make a zero measurement The zero reading is subtracted from the input signal reading to prevent offset voltages present on the multimeter s input circuitry from affecting measurement accuracy The OFF parameter disables autozero In this mode the multimeter takes one zero measurement and subtracts it from all subsequent input signal measurements prior to a change in function range or integration time A new zero measurement is made following a change in function range or integration time This mode increases measurement speed because a zero measurement is not made for each input signal measurement Autozero ONCE issues an immediate zero measurement and can be used to get an update on the zero measurement for a specific input signal measurement This helps to increase measurement time since you update the zero reading without making zero measurements for every measurement RST Condition ZERO AUTO ON enables autozero mode Disable Autozero ZERO AUTO OFF Autozero disabled SENSe ZERO AUTO queries the autozero mode Returns one of the following responses to the output buffer e 0 OFF or ONCE if autozero is disabled or set for one time e 1 ON if autozero is enabled Query the Autozero Mode ZERO AUTO Queries th
12. OFF The number is sent to the output buffer Query the Trigger Delay Mode TRIG DEL AUTO OFF Disable automatic trigger delay TRIG DEL AUTO Query multimeter to return trigger delay mode enter statement Enter value into computer SCPI Command Reference 147 SOURce TRIGger SOURce lt source gt configures the trigger system to respond to the specified source The following sources are available BUS Group Execute Trigger GET bus command or TRG common command EXT The multimeter s External Trigger BNC connector triggers on the negative or falling edge of the 5 V TTL input signal IMMediate The trigger system is always true TTLTrgO TTLTrg7 Trigger source is VXIbus trigger line 0 through 7 Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt source gt discrete BUS EXT IMMediate none TTLTrgO through TTLTrg7 Comments The TRIGger SOURce command only selects the trigger source You must use the INITiate command to place the multimeter in the wait for trigger state The MEASure command automatically executes an INITiate command TRIGger SOURce EXT uses the multimeter s front panel Trig BNC connector as the trigger source The multimeter triggers on the falling negative going edge of a 5 V TTL input signal maximum input is 5V to the front panel BNC connector TRIGger IMMediate causes a trigger to occur immediately prov
13. backwards Ideally a multimeter reads the same regardless of how the source is connected Both source and multimeter effects can degrade this ideal situation Because of the capacitance between the input LO terminal and earth approximately 200 pF for the 4152A the source will experience different loading depending on how the input is applied The magnitude of the error is dependent upon the source s response to this loading The multimeter s measurement circuitry while extensively shielded responds differently in the backward input case due to slight differences in stray capacitance to earth Because of this the 100Vac and 300Vac ranges may latch up for high voltage high frequency backward inputs Therefore only drive the high terminal when measuring ac voltages You can use the grounding techniques described for dc common mode problems to minimize ac common mode voltages see Common Mode Rejection CMR on page 17 Chapter 2 Using The Instrument 25 AC Current Measurement Errors Burden voltage errors which apply to de current also apply to ac current measurements However the burden voltage for ac current is larger due to the multimeter s series inductance and your measurement connections The burden voltage increases as the input frequency increases Some circuits may oscillate when performing current measurements due to the multimeter s series inductance and your measurement connections Making High Speed AC Voltage o
14. parameters RST Conditions INP IMP AUTO OFF IMPedance AUTO INPut IMPedance AUTO returns a number to show whether the automatic input impedance mode is enabled or disabled 1 ON 0 OFF The number is sent to the output buffer Example Query the Input Impedance Mode INP IMP AUTO ON INP IMP AUTO enter statement 88 SCPI Command Reference Enable automatic input impedance Query multimeter to return input impedance mode 1 Enter value into computer Chapter 3 MEASure Subsystem Syntax Chapter 3 The MEASure command subsystem configures the multimeter to perform the specified measurement with the given range and resolution When the multimeter is triggered MEASure makes the measurement and sends the readings to the output buffer Executing MEASure is equivalent to configuring the multimeter with the low level commands shown in the following table Command Setting RANGe As specified or AUTO RESolution As specified or as a function of range integration time or NPLCs AC filter 20 Hz 300 kHz medium filter SENSe DET BAND Autozero OFF if resolution setting results in NPLC lt 1 SENSe ZERO AUTO ON if resolution setting results in NPLC gt 1 Input resistance Applies to dc voltage and is disabled for all other SENSe INP IMP AUTO functions 10MQ for all dc voltage ranges Samples per trigger 1 sample SAMP COUN Trigge
15. 10kQ MAX resolution 1Q RES RES 10E 03 Set resolution to 10mQ READ Place multimeter in wait for trigger state and make measurements send readings to output buffer enter statement Enter readings into computer RESistance RESolution SENSe RESistance RESolution MIN MAX returns one of the following numbers to the output buffer The present resolution selected if MIN or MAX are not specified Only the resolution values available on ranges set by the RANGe command are returned The resolution with the smallest value i e the best resolution for the selected range if MIN is specified The resolution with the largest value i e the worst resolution for the selected range if MAX is specified Chapter 3 SCPI Command Reference 131 Example Query the Resolution RES RES 10E 03 Set resolution to 10 mQ RES RES Query multimeter to return the present resolution enter statement Enter value into computer VOLTage AC RANGe SENSe VOLTage AC RANGe lt range gt selects the range for AC coupled RMS voltage measurements Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt range gt numeric 100mV 1V 10V 100V 300V volts MIN MAX DEF Comments To select a standard measurement range specify range as the input signal s maximum expected voltage The multimeter then selects the correct range MIN selects the minimum range available with the VOLTage AC R
16. 1Q SAMP COUN 3 Take 3 readings trigger source is IMMediate by default READ Place multimeter in wait for trigger state and make measurements send readings to output buffer enter statement Enter readings into computer 78 SCPI Command Reference Chapter 3 PERiod CONFigure PERiod lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF selects the period function and allows you to specify range and resolution Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt range gt numeric 3 33E 01 Sec lt resolution gt numeric 3 33E 05 3 33E 06 3 33E 07 Sec The period function uses one range for all inputs between 0 33 seconds and Comments 3 3uSec A period measurement will return 0 if no input is applied Range and resolution settings are listed below for the MIN MAX DEF and AUTO parameters and the settings after a module reset RST PARAMETER RANGE RESOLUTION MIN 3 33E 06 3 33E 07 MAX 3 33E 01 3 33E 05 DEF AUTO and module 3 33E 01 3 33E 06 reset RST Chapter 3 SCPI Command Reference 79 RESistance CONFigure RESistance lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF selects the 2 wire ohms function and allows you to specify the range and resolution Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Unit
17. 267ms 60Hz 370s 370s 20ms 50Hz 20 5ms 370s 16 7ms 60Hz 17 2ms 390 us 2 5ms 400Hz 3 1ms 430us 100 us 520us 250us 10us 70us The VXIbus trigger lines are open collector TTL lines that remain in a non asserted high state until the voltmeter complete signal is sent More than one TTL output trigger line can be enabled at one time e RST Condition OUTP TTLTn OFF Chapter 3 SCPI Command Reference 99 Example Route Voltmeter Complete to Trigger Line OUTP TTLT7 ON Route signal to trigger line 7 TTLTrg STATe OUTPut TTLTrg lt n gt STATe returns a number to show whether VXIbus trigger line routing of the voltmeter complete signal is enabled or disabled 1 ON 0 OFF The number is sent to the output buffer Example Query Voltmeter Complete Destination OUTP TTLT7 ON Route signal to trigger line 7 OUTP TTLT7 Query multimeter to return trigger line mode enter statement Enter value into computer 100 SCPI Command Reference Chapter 3 READ Subsystem Syntax Chapter 3 Comments The READ command is most commonly used with CONFigure to Place the multimeter in the wait for trigger state executes the INITiate command Transfer the readings directly to the output buffer when the trigger is received same action as FETCh but the readings are not stored in internal memory as with the FETCh command READ The READ command is slower than the INITiate comman
18. 4ms if MIN is specified The maximum aperture time available 1 66667s 60Hz 2s 50Hz if MAX is specified Example Query the Aperture Time FRES APER 167E 03 Aperture time is 167ms FRES APER Query multimeter to return aperture time enter statement Enter value into computer Chapter 3 SCPI Command Reference 119 FRESistance NPLC SENSe FRESistance NPLCycles lt number gt sets the integration time in number of power line cycles NPLCs The NPLC is set to a value from the range of values that can accommodate the lt number gt you specify For example specifying 9 sets the NPLC to 10 specifying 11 sets the NPLC to 100 Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt number gt numeric 0 02 0 2 1 10 100 MIN MAX PLCs Comments MINimum selects 0 02 PLCs MAXimum selects 100 PLCs Setting the integration time in power line cycles PLCs also sets the aperture time and the resolution For example 10 PLCs sets an aperture time of 167ms 60Hz line frequency or 200ms 50Hz The corresponding resolution depends on the function and range you select The FRES NPLC command overrides the results of previously executed FRESistance APERture and FRESistance RESolution commands the last command executed has priority The greater the number of PLCs the greater the normal mode rejection and the lower the reading rate Only the 1 PLC 10 PLC and 100 PLC
19. AC Characteristics tao 162 AC Characteristics continued ci a 163 AG Characteristics Continued iia tin nis 164 Frequency and Period Characteristics eeesecsecssessecsseesecesceseeeeceseeseeeseesaecsecsaecaecsaceaecescsseaeseeseseseaeeseecaeesaecaessaeeaes 165 Frequency and Period Characteristics continued oo elect cee eeeceeceseeeeceseeeeecaeeenecaeesaecaecsseaecseceseseseesesensesaecaecnaeease 166 General Specifications ssi ics ccsc sock scien seach soda oiche n enee seekar EE E Koes Eea EEE EE CECEK OEGE KOSE ke DE KOCE EE EVES chase NE Eese to ae 167 To Calculate Total Measurement ErrO oc scccssssiscessssas sg caccsescsssesvecessesnsstcescasnss uss Spk uogsvcesdenssdoyasusquodessszcnpnpastvecesiastss 168 Interpreting Multimeter Specifications 0 eee ee eeeeseescecsecssessececeseceeceseeseceseeseseseseaecaaesaecsecsaeaecsseeseseseeeeseaseaeeeneaee 170 Configuring for High Accuracy Measurement 0 ccs eeseeseceseesecesceseeesceseeeeecaeeenecaeesaeceeceaeeseseeeseseaseeseasesaecaecsaeease 172 Appendix B Execution ELTOrs iii ses e e lt shesmeasabensee 173 Appendix C 4152A Special Function and Range Commands Non SCPI cococonccnnccnccnconcononnninnconncnncn nono nono cnncnnonnn ona cnn cnn crono nn non nono 181 Speed Advantage Using the Special Non SCPI Commands F1 F4 and RI R7 coooocccoccoccconconocononnnonnnoncnanonacinncnnos 182 4152A Resolution Using Special Functions and Ranges oooconcccccnonnnononnnonnnononancnnno
20. CURRent AC RANGe AUTO SENSe CURRent AC RANGe AUTO returns a number to show whether the AC current autorange mode is enabled or disabled 1 ON 0 OFF The number is sent to the output buffer Example Query the AC Current Autorange Mode CURR AC RANG AUTO OFF Disable autorange CURR AC RANG AUTO Query multimeter to return autorange mode enter statement Enter value into computer 108 SCPI Command Reference Chapter 3 CURRent AC RESolution SENSe CURRent AC RESolution lt resolution gt selects the resolution for AC current measurements See Table 3 5 on page 59 Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt resolution gt numeric resolution MIN MAX amps Comments MINimum selects the best resolution the smallest value for the selected range MAXimum selects the worst resolution the largest value for the selected range You must select a range using CURRent AC RANGe before specifying resolution Also only specify a resolution when making measurements on a fixed range Otherwise the resolution will change to correspond with the range selected during autoranging Specify resolution in the same units as the measurement function If autoranging is required set the resolution using the MIN or MAX parameter CURRent AC RESolution SENSe CURRent AC RESolution MIN MAX returns one of the following numbers to the output buffer
21. Set function to 4 wire resistance READ Place multimeter in wait for trigger state and make measurement send reading to output buffer enter statement Enter reading into computer FUNCtion SENSe FUNCtion returns one of the following quoted strings to the output buffer CURR AC CURR FREQ FRES PER RES VOLT AC VOLT VOLT RAT Example Query the Measurement Function FUNC FRES Function 4 wire ohms FUNC Query multimeter to return selected function enter statement Enter quoted string into computer 106 SCPI Command Reference Chapter 3 CURRent AC RANGe SENSe CURRent AC RANGe lt range gt selects the range for AC current measurements Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt range gt numeric 1A 3A MIN MAX amps Comments To select a standard measurement range specify range as the input signal s maximum expected current The multimeter then selects the correct range MIN selects the minimum range available with the CURRent AC RANGe command 1A MAX selects the maximum range available 3A You must select a range using CURRent AC RANGe before specifying resolution Specifying a fixed range disables the autorange mode set by the CURR AC RANG AUTO command The CURR AC RANG command overrides the range setting from a previous CONFigure command on the same function RST Conditi
22. When autoranging is ON the multimeter samples the input before each measurement and selects the appropriate range If you explicitly select a range using FRESistance RANGe autoranging is turned OFF Example Put 4 wire Resistance Measurements in the Autorange Mode FRES RANG AUTO ON Autorange is turned on for 4 wire ohms measurements FRESistance RANGe AUTO SENSe FRESistance RANGe AUTO returns a number to show whether the autorange mode is enabled or disabled 1 ON 0 OFF The number is sent to the output buffer Example Query the Autorange Mode FRES RANG AUTO OFF Disable autorange FRES RANG AUTO Query multimeter to return autorange mode enter statement Enter value into computer 122 SCPI Command Reference Chapter 3 FRESistance RESolution SENSe FRESistance RESolution lt resolution gt selects the resolution for 4 wire resistance measurements Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt resolution gt numeric resolution MIN MAX ohms Comments MINimum selects the best resolution the smallest value for the selected range MAXimum selects the worst resolution the largest value for the selected range You must select a range using FRESistance RANGe before specifying resolution Also only specify a resolution when making measurements on a fixed range Otherwise the resolution will change to correspond with the range selected
23. c Select Open Sessions d Select the appropriate VISA session To program the Multimeter using SCPI you must select the interface address and SCPI commands to be used General information about using SCPI commands is presented at the beginning of Chapter 3 This discussion applies only to SCPI Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments programming The program is written using VISA Virtual Instrument Software Architecture function calls VISA allows you to execute on VXIplug amp play system frameworks that have the VISA I O layer installed visa h include file Example Perform a Self Test of the Multimeter and Read the Result Programming the multimeter using Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments SCPI requires that you select the controller language e g C C Basic etc interface address and SCPI commands to be used The following C program verifies communication between the controller mainframe and multimeter It resets the module RST queries the identity of the module IDN and initiates a self test TST of the multimeter Getting Started 11 include lt stdio h gt include lt visa h gt 1 FUNCTION PROTOTYPE void err_handler ViSession vi ViStatus x void main void char buf 512 0 if defined _ BORLANDC_ amp amp defined _WIN32_ _InitEasyWinQ endif ViStatus err ViSession defaultRM ViSession dmm Open resource manager and multimeter sessi
24. o tS 5355125 sc sce haces cate aecantectease ee ea a ON RS 112 Example caia Ose aie E tse ea E Gang O AE AA eevee Gs oo a aes naa 112 CURRent sDE IRAN Ge nica idas 112 Explanation aves Mei scales ei craneo iconos 112 CURRent DC RANGe AUTO oo ccccccccccecssssceececeessaeseeceensaeceeceessaececcecesaececcecsessceceecsessseceeceeesesecceensaeeeeceesaeees 113 DEEN 21 6 ETS Kod Se E E DOO OS ONO 113 COMME a AE TE ae ae Hla Sad T es tid ie EAE RA LE oe 113 Example costs ns li ii ae 113 CURRent DC RANGe AUTO oo cccccccccsssccecesenseecececesssseececesssaeccecessaaececcecesaeseccecessssecceceessseseeceensaeseeceessaeees 113 A A O ea ee AL a eee 113 CURRent DC RES olution e di 114 Parametros da 114 Contents vii A er E E EE a eee ee eee 114 CURR PEJ RESOUN ONZ ui esas 114 Example ar r ra a n TEE E a ta even EE A E E a r is 114 DETector BAND Width iii 115 Parameteis iria it A idos 115 COMO ES ira tio 115 Ex lA 115 DETector BAND width ics cies chaseteresoteas vecesvecse hace owceds Beneaecabaneneaseseas iii ici ibienos 116 Fxample at sconce te e da need read re EEN 116 FREQuencytA PER tute 0 dt is ins 116 COMME aa Sanna AO dana Oe ua eee 116 Exalead eee cide eaoeen Sade seen EA E E eorse Venn bens seas eg eaebes te ogs 116 FREQuency APER tire siii lila ein ea Bite inc oa hate ee oa eee 116 FREQuency VOL Tar RANGE scada iii 117 A ON 117 COMMENTS NON 117 EXE dia 117 FREQuency VOLTage RANGe oo eeeeecseceseeseceseesscessesevenev
25. state Attempting to change the trigger source while the multimeter is in the wait for trigger state will generate the Settings conflict error Checking the The TRIGger SOURce command returns BUS EXT IMM or Trigger Source TTLTn to show the present trigger source The string is sent to the output buffer 36 Using The Instrument Chapter 2 Note Note that a CONFigure or MEASure command automatically sets the trigger source to IMMediate You must follow the CONFigure command with the TRIG SOUR command to set the trigger source to BUS EXTernal or to TTLTrg lt n gt The MEAS command always uses TRIG SOUR IMM External Triggering Use TRIGger SOURce EXTernal to set the trigger source to external The trigger signal must be a low true pulse with a pulse width greater than 1 us The trigger signal level accepted is TTL 5V maximum negative going to OV See the following diagram for the Trig input requirement The diagram also shows the VM Complete output you can use to synchronize with a switch module y Racal p Instruments _ Trig Input 5V 1 ric a Requirement gt lus TT VM Complete 5V Output Signal a ae Approximately 2s The multimeter takes one reading or the number specified by SAMPle COUNTt for each external trigger received on the front panel Trig BNC connector Internal T
26. such as MEASU or MEASUR will generate an error Additionally SCPI commands are case insensitive Therefore you may use upper or lower case letters and commands of the form MEASURE measure and MeAsUFE are all acceptable Implied commands are those which appear in square brackets in the command syntax Note that the brackets are not part of the command do not send them to the instrument Suppose you send a second level command but do not send the preceding implied command In this case the instrument assumes you intend to use the implied command and it responds as if you had sent it Examine the partial SENSe subsystem shown below SENSe FUNCtion lt function gt e g lt function gt VOLT AC FUNCtion RESistance RANGe lt range gt MIN MAX RANGe MIN MAX The root command SENSe is an implied command For example to set the multimeter s function to AC volts you can send either of the following command statements SENS FUNC VOLT AC or FUNC VOLT AC 56 SCPI Command Reference Chapter 3 Parameters Parameter Types The following table contains explanations and examples of parameter types you might see later in this chapter Parameter Type Explanations and Examples Numeric Accepts all commonly used decimal representations of number including optional signs decimal points and scientific notation 123 123E2 123 1 23E2 123 1 23E 2 1 23000E 01 Special cases include MINimum
27. the MAX parameter returns the maximum aperture value 1 116 SCPI Command Reference Chapter 3 FREQuency VOLTage RANGe SENSe FREQuency VOLTage RANGe lt range gt selects the voltage range for the signal level of frequency measurements Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt range gt numeric 100mV 1V 10V 100V 300V volts MIN MAX Comments To select a standard measurement range specify range as the input signal s maximum expected voltage The multimeter then selects the correct range MIN selects the minimum range available with the VOLTage RANGe command 100mV MAX selects the maximum range available 300 V Specifying a fixed range disables the autorange mode set by the FREQ VOLT RANG AUTO command The FREQ VOLT RANG command overrides the range setting from a previous CONFigure FREQuency command e RST Condition FREQ VOLT RANG 10 Example Set the Voltage Range for Frequency Measurements to 100V FREQ VOLT RANG 100 Voltage range for frequency measurements is 100V FREQuency VOLTage RANGe SENSe FREQuency VOLTage RANGe MIN MAX returns one of the following numbers to the output buffer 0 1 1 10 100 or 300 The present voltage range selected if MIN or MAX is not specified The minimum voltage range available 100mV if MIN is specified The maximum voltage range available 300V if MAX is specified Example Query the
28. the largest value for the selected range See Table 3 1 on page 58 for valid resolution choices for each range To select autorange specify DEFault for range or do not specify a value for the range and resolution parameters In the autorange mode the multimeter samples the input signal before each measurement and selects the appropriate range To specify a MIN or MAX resolution while autoranging you must specify MEAS VOLT DC DEF you cannot omit the range parameter This prevents the MIN or MAX resolution from being interpreted as a range setting and the resulting command becomes MEAS VOLT DC DEF MIN or MEAS VOLT DC DEF MAX Related Commands FETCh INITiate READ Example Making DC Voltage Measurements MEAS VOLT DC 0 825 MAX Function DC voltage range selected 1V MAX resolution 100uV Chapter 3 SCPI Command Reference 97 VOLTage DC RATio Parameters Comments MEASure VOLTage DC RATio lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF configures the multimeter for dc dc ratio measurements with the specified range and resolution For ratio measurements the specified range applies to the signal connected to the HI and LO input terminals Autoranging is automatically selected for reference voltage measurements on the Sense HI and LO terminals with a maximum voltage of 10V Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt range gt numeric 100mV 1V 10
29. use the INITiate command to place the multimeter in the wait for trigger state and store readings in the multimeter s internal memory Or use the READ command to make the measurement and send the readings to the output buffer when the trigger is received CONFigure CURRent AC lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTOJ lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF CURRent DC lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF FREQuency lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF FRESistance lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF PERiod lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF RESistance lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF VOLTage AC lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF VOLTage DC lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF VOLTage DC RATio lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF The CONFigure command RANGe and RESolution parameters are optional You will get the default range and resolution settings if you do not specify a range or resolution in the command You will get these default settings even if you set a range SCPI Command Reference 73 or resolution different from the default value prior to executing the CONFigure command The following table lists the default settings you can expect from the CONFigure command for each function 74 SCPI Command Refe
30. 10 PLCs sets an aperture time of 167ms 60Hz line frequency or 200ms 50Hz The corresponding resolution depends on the function and range you select The RES NPLC command overrides the results of a previously executed RESistance RESolution or RESistance APERture command the last command executed has priority The greater the number of PLCs the greater the normal mode rejection and the lower the reading rate Only the 1 PLC 10 PLC and 100 PLC settings provide normal mode rejection of 50Hz or 60Hz power line related noise RST Condition 10 PLC Example Set the Integration Time in PLCs RES NPLC 100 Integration time is 100 PLCs RESistance NPLC SENSe RESistance NPLC MIN MAX returns one of the following numbers to the output buffer The present integration time in PLCs if MINimum or MAXimum is not specified The minimum integration time available 0 02 if MIN is specified The maximum integration time available 100 if MAX is specified Example Query the Integration Time RES NPLC 100 Integration time is 100 PLCs RES NPLC Query multimeter to return integration time enter statement Enter value into computer 128 SCPI Command Reference Chapter 3 RESistance RANGe SENSe RESistance RANGe lt range gt selects the range for 2 wire resistance measurements Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt range gt numeric 1009
31. 1009 1kQ 10kQ 100kQ 1MQ ohms 110MQ 100MA MIN MAX DEF AUTO lt resolution gt numeric resolution MIN MAX DEF ohms Comments To select a standard measurement range specify range as the input signal s maximum expected resistance The multimeter then selects the correct range that will accept the input The AUTO or DEFault option for the range parameter enables autorange The DEFault option for resolution defaults the integration time to 10 PLC The MIN and MAX parameters select the minimum or maximum values for range and resolution For range MIN 1000 MAX 100MQ For resolution MIN selects the best resolution the smallest value for the selected range MAX selects the worst resolution the largest value for the selected range To select autorange specify DEF for range or do not specify a value for the range and resolution parameters In the autorange mode the multimeter samples the input signal before each measurement and selects the appropriate range To specify a MIN or MAX resolution while autoranging you must specify the AUTO or DEFault parameter CONF FRES DEF MIN or CONF FRES DEF MAX or CONF FRES AUTO MIN or CONF FRES AUTO MAX you cannot omit the range parameter This prevents the MIN or MAX resolution from being interpreted as a range setting Related Commands FETCh INITiate READ Example Making 4 Wire Ohms Measurements CONF FRES 1500 MAX Function 4 wire ohms range selected 10kQ MAX resolution
32. 1kQ unbalance in LO lead 6 For power line frequency 0 1 7 For power line frequency 1 subtract 20dB for 3 subtract 30dB 8 Readings speeds for 60Hz and 50Hz operation Autozero OFF 9 For 300V and 3A ranges use 0 003 range for 5 5 digits and 0 030 range for 4 5 digits For all ranges add 20 uV for DC volts 4uA for DC current or 20m4 for resistance 10 Speeds are for 0 02 PLC integration time Delay 0 and Autozero OFF Includes measurement and data transfer over the VXI backplane Appendix A Racal 4152A Multimeter Specifications 161 AC Characteristics Accuracy Specifications of reading of range 1 Temperature Coefficient 24 Hour 2 90 Day 1 Year 0 C 18 C Function Range 3 Frequency 23 C 1 C 23 C 5 C 23 C 5 C 28 C 55 C 100 0000 mV 3 Hz 5 Hz 1 00 0 03 1 00 0 04 1 00 0 04 0 100 0 004 5 Hz 10 Hz 0 35 0 03 0 35 0 04 0 35 0 04 0 035 0 004 10 Hz 20 kHz 0 04 0 03 0 05 0 04 0 06 0 04 0 005 0 004 20 kHz 50 kHz 0 10 0 05 0 11 0 05 0 12 0 05 0 011 0 005 50 kHz 100 kHz 0 55 0 08 0 60 0 08 0 60 0 08 0 060 0 008 True RMS AC 100 kHz 300 kHz 5 00 0 50 5 00 0 50 5 00 0 50 0 200 0 020 Voltage 41 000000 v_ 3 Hz 5 Hz 1 00 0 02 1 00 0 03 1 00 0 03 0 100 0 003 to 5 Hz 10 Hz 0 35 0 02 0 35 0 03 0 35 0 03 0 035 0 003 100 000V 10 Hz 20 kHz 0 04 0 02 0 05 0 03 0 06 0 03 0 005 0 003 12 20 kHz 5
33. AC filter specified for sinewave input only 7 For 1kQ unbalance in LO lead 8 Maximum reading rates for 0 01 of ac step additional error Additional settling delay required when input dc level varies 9 For External Trigger or remote operation using default settling delay Delay Auto 10 Maximum useful limit with default settling delays defeated 11 Speeds are for 0 02 PLC integration time Delay 0 and 200Hz Fast ac filter 12 100VAC and 300VAC ranges may latch up the module or system mainframe if you drive the LO terminal with a high voltage high frequency input Only drive the HI terminal when measuring ac voltages 164 Racal 4152A Multimeter Specifications Appendix A Frequency and Period Characteristics Accuracy Specifications of reading 1 4 Temperature Coefficient 24 Hour 2 90 Day 1 Year 0 C 18 C Function Range 3 Frequency 23 C 1 C 23 C 5 C 23 C 5 C 28 C 55 C 3Hz 5Hz 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 005 Frequency 100mV 5Hz 10Hz 0 05 0 05 0 05 0 005 Period to 10Hz 40Hz 0 03 0 03 0 03 0 001 300V 40Hz 300kHz 0 006 0 01 0 01 0 001 Additional Low Frequency Errors of reading 4 Integration Time number PLCs Frequency 3Hz 5Hz 5Hz 10Hz 10Hz 40Hz 40Hz 100Hz 100Hz 300Hz 300Hz 1kHz gt 1kHz 100810 1 amp 02 0 02 0 0 12 0 12 0 0 17 0 17 0 0 2 0 2 0 0 06 0 21 0 0 03 0 21 0 0 01 0 07 0 0 0 02 Measuring Characteristics Frequency and P
34. Condition TRIG COUN 1 Example Set the Trigger Count CONF VOLT DC TRIG SOUR EXT TRIG COUN 10 READ enter statement 144 SCPI Command Reference Function DC voltage Trigger source is Trig BNC on multimeter front panel Multimeter will accept 10 external triggers one measurement is taken with each trigger Place multimeter in wait for trigger state make measurement when external trigger is received send readings to output buffer Enter readings into computer Chapter 3 COUNt TRIGger COUNt MIN MAX returns one of the following numbers to the output buffer The present trigger count 1 through 50 000 if MIN or MAX are not specified The minimum trigger count available 1 if MIN is specified The maximum trigger count available 50 000 if MAX is specified Example Query the Trigger Count TRIG COUN 10 Multimeter will accept 10 triggers TRIG COUN Query multimeter to return trigger count enter statement Enter value into computer DELay TRIGger DELay lt seconds gt sets the delay time between receipt of the trigger and the start ofthe measurement NOTE This delay also occurs between each sample when SAMP COUN gt 1 Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt seconds gt numeric 0 through 3600 MIN MAX seconds Comments MIN selects the minimum delay of 0 seconds for all functions MAX selects the maximum delay of
35. Current Range versus Resolution oooccnnonnconicnnonononcnncnononnconcco nono co nonnnonn nono rn non nrnn cnn nc an con non neon ano ne conca nnnnnannnnns 59 Contents xiii DOCUMENT CHANGE HISTORY Revision Date Description of Change ECN02703 Revised TST Command to page 150 return of 0 and page 154 response of A 4 25 2013 0 Also updated front boilerplate material to current standards Chapter 1 Getting Started Using This Chapter This chapter provides one page of general module information followed by the tasks you must perform to set up your module and verify your installation was successful Chapter contents are Setting the Module Address Switch Interrupt Priority Setting and Checking the Line Frequency Reference Input Terminals and Front Panel Indicators Multimeter Functional Connections Driver Installation and Use Initial Operation General Information The Racal 4152A Multimeter is a VXIbus message based slave device Programming the multimeter can either be through a command module using a GPIB interface or an embedded controller You use the Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments SCPI see Chapter 3 with the Standard Instrument Control Language SICL or VISA Virtual Instrument Software Architecture e Maximum voltage is 300 Vms or 300 Vago Maximum current is 3A AC or DC Resolution is from 4 digits for
36. Enter response into the computer SPOLL read the multimeter s status byte until bit 3 QUE goes high to indicate there is a Limit Test Failure HI or LO Wait 1 second End Loop Check the multimeter for system errors SYST ERR Retrieve the system error response from the multimeter Chapter 2 Notes Chapter 2 Using The Instrument 53 Notes 54 Using The Instrument Chapter 2 Chapter 3 SCPI Command Reference Using This Chapter This chapter describes the Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments SCPI and IEEE 488 2 Common Commands applicable to the Model 4152A 6 Digit Multimeter Command Types Commands are separated into two types IEEE 488 2 Common Commands and SCPI Commands Common The IEEE 488 2 standard defines the Common commands that perform functions like Command est self test status byte query etc Common commands are four or five characters in length always begin with the asterisk character and may include one or more Format parameters The command keyword is separated from the first parameter by a space character Some examples of common commands are shown below RST ESR 32 STB SCPI The SCPI commands perform functions such as making measurements querying Command instrument states or retrieving data The SCPI commands are grouped into command subsystem structures A command subsystem structure is a hierarchical structure Format that usually consists of a top level
37. Errors senenn a e a E E A E E E EEEa 22 TrueRMSAC Measurements e e ereere eere e eE E ts bea 22 Crest Factor Errors non sinusoidal inputs ceceeeecessecssecesceceeeeesecesceceaecesaeceeeecseeseaeeeeeeesaeceaeeceeeecsaeeeaeeneeeeaeeeseees 23 Common Crest Factors eiserne en ee iia iia A A R Re 23 Example A O A s 23 Loadine Errors Vol il 24 AC Measurements Below Full Scale irnia RE nc conc no conc AE E O EV corn e neon ANETE 24 Function and Range Change Internal Offset Correction ocooconconinonoccnoninncnnnonnconncononnnnnnnnno ran onnnrnn cnn ncnn cnn non arrancaron nncnnene 24 Contents i Temperature Coefficient Errors lt a 24 Overload EtrOTS ota tl di iii 24 Low Level Measurement Errors menre m e A e a a E aor EES Eeer IEEE EA TENA OITO E I 25 AC TURNOVER FIT OLS sni shssti cass coset eee oresnndeincets setvebtovabents 25 AC Current Measurement Errors senin ia i RSS o 26 Making High Speed AC Voltage or Current Measurements oocococcnnnconnnononnnonanoncnnnonncnnnon anno nonnocnn cn nnnnn on rnnn cnn nan nc nn non conos 26 DEBlockmg Circurthy ti aa 26 Frequency and Period Measurement Errors seisne ieoor ri E E ETRE non on nen neon nc nennn cnn nin E 26 Measurement Contipuration eiii ad 27 AC Sipmal Elton A ti 27 DE Input Resistance vi A tio A TO eS I ia 27 Resol vel baii 28 Integration Time AS E 29 PAULO ZELO tradi 30 RAM GUD Be o E 30 Math Operations CALCulate Subsystem 0 0 sceseeeecesceseeeeceseeeseeseecaeca
38. Figure 2 1 on page 35 The Trigger Source The TRIGger SOURce lt source gt command configures the multimeter s trigger system to respond to the specified source The following trigger sources are available BUS Trigger source is the GPIB Group Execute Trigger GET or the TRG common command Within the mainframe the instrument whose trigger source is BUS and was the last instrument addressed to listen will respond to the GPIB Group Execute Trigger The TRG command differs from GET because it is sent to a specific instrument not a group of instruments EXTernal Trigger source is the multimeter s external trigger BNC connector labeled Trig on the front panel A falling negative going edge of the input signal triggers the multimeter The external pulse signal must be gt l us 5V maximum to OV TTL levels IMMediate Internal trigger is always present If the multimeter is in the wait for trigger state INITiate TRIGger SOURce IMMediate sends the trigger The MEASure and CONFigure commands automatically set the trigger source to IMMediate TTLTrg0 through TTLTrg7 Trigger source is the VXIbus TTL trigger lines The multimeter is triggered on the falling negative going edge of a TTL input signal For example the following program statement selects the external trigger BNC connector as the trigger source TRIGger SOURce EXTernal You can change the trigger source only when the multimeter is in the idle
39. INIT and FETC commands The INIT and FETC commands require that you configure the multimeter for the function you want to measure prior to issuing the commands The INIT command initiates the measurement s and places the reading s into the multimeter s RAM memory This memory will hold a maximum of 512 readings You use the FETC command to transfer the readings from memory to the output buffer You then must provide the T O construct to retrieve the readings and enter them into the computer One INIT command will initiate multiple measurements if the trigger count or the sample count is greater than 1 If more than 512 measurements are made only the last 512 readings are stored Use the READ command for more than 512 readings since readings are immediately put into the output buffer and retrieved with an I O construct you supply The measurement process stops when the output buffer fills if readings are not retrieved fast enough The measurement process restarts when there is again room to store readings in the output buffer Using The Instrument 43 Measurement Format Readings in the output buffer have the following characteristics Readings sent to the output buffer can consist of two different lengths bytes or characters in Real ASCII format 1 23456E 12 LF or 1 234567E 12 LF Each measurement is terminated with a Line Feed LF The GPIB End or Identify EOI signal is sent with the last byte transferred If multiple measureme
40. MAXimum and DEFault Boolean Represents a single binary condition that is either true or false ON OFF 1 0 Discrete Selects from a finite number of values These parameters use mnemonics to represent each valid setting An example is the TRIGger SOURce lt source gt command where source can be BUS EXT or IMM Optional Parameters Parameters shown within square brackets are optional parameters Note that the brackets are not part of the command do not send them to the instrument If you do not specify a value for an optional parameter the instrument chooses a default value For example consider the TRIGger COUNt MIN MAX command If you send the command without specifying a MINimum or MAXimum parameter the present TRIGger COUNt value is returned If you send the MIN parameter the command returns the minimum trigger count allowable If you send the MAX parameter the command returns the maximum trigger count allowable Be sure to place a space between the command and the parameter Li nking Linking IEEE 488 2 Common Commands with SCPI Commands Use only a Commands semicolon between the commands For example RST RES NPLC 100 or SAMP COUNt 25 WAI Linking Multiple SCPI Commands From the Same Subsystem Use only a semicolon between commands within the same subsystem For example to set trigger count trigger delay and the trigger source which are all set using the TRIGger subsystem send th
41. MIN MAX RESistance RANGe MIN MAX RESistance RANGe AUTO OFF ON RESistance RANGe AUTO RESistance RESolution lt resolution gt MIN MAX RESistance RESolution MIN MAX A en en ere Select measurement function Query measurement function Set range Query range Enable disable autoranging Query autorange mode Set resolution Query resolution Set the integration time in seconds Query integration time seconds Set integration time in PLCs Query integration time PLCs Set range Query range Enable disable autoranging Query autorange mode Set resolution Query resolution Set the AC filter Query AC filter Set integration time in seconds Query aperture integration time Select range Query range Enable disable autoranging Query autorange mode Set integration time in seconds Query integration time seconds Set integration time in PLCs Query integration time PLCs Select range Query range Enable disable autoranging Query autorange mode Specify resolution Query resolution Set integration time in seconds Query integration time seconds Select range Query range Enable disable autoranging Query autorange mode Set integration time in seconds Query integration time seconds Set integration time in PLCs Query integration time PLCs Set range Query range Set autorange mode Query autorange mode Specify resolution Query resolution Chap
42. MSC ISA LIB Microsoft compiler drive VXIPNP WIN LIB BC ISA LIB Borland compiler Memory Model Options Project Compiler Memory Model Large Directory Paths Options Directories Include File Paths drive VXIPNP WIN INCLUDE Library File Paths drive VXIPNP WIN LIB MSC Microsoft drive VXIPNP WIN LIB BC Borland Example Programs drive VXIPNP WIN Ri4152A EXAMPLES All projects written in the Visual Basic programming language require the following settings to work properly Project Files lt source code file name gt FRM drive VXIPNP WIN INCLUDE WISA BAS If using Windows 3 1 change spc to cps in the Memory I O Operations section of VISA BAS Chapter 2 Making Multimeter Hardware Used Measurements MEASure Command READ Command Chapter 2 INIT and FETC Commands IBM compatible computer running Windows 3 1 Windows 95 or Windows NT The computer has a 1260 00C GPIB interface and VISA 1 2 or better The VXI modules were loaded in a VXI C size mainframe This section provides four programs that demonstrate different ways of making measurements and retrieving the readings SCPI command sequences for each program are contained in the boxes The four programs 1 Use the MEASure command to make a single measurement 2 Make several externally triggered measurements 3 Maximize measurement speed on multiple measurements 4 Maximize measurement accuracy on multiple me
43. Multimeter will accept 5 external triggers one measurement is taken per trigger SAMP COUN 4 Take 4 measurements for each trigger TRIG DEL 2 Wait 2 seconds between trigger and start of first measurement and each subsequent measurement till sample count reached READ Place multimeter in wait for trigger state make measurements when external triggers are received send readings to output buffer timeout may occur May require INIT monitor the status byte for completion standard event bit 0 FETC to transfer readings to the output buffer vs READ enter statement Enter readings into computer Using The Instrument 39 Default Delays 40 Using The Instrument If you do not specify a trigger delay the multimeter automatically determines a delay time default delay based on the present measurement function range resolution integration time and AC filter bandwidth setting The delay time is actually the settling time required before measurements to ensure measurement accuracy The default delay time is automatically updated whenever you change the function or range Once you specify a delay time value however the value does not change until you specify another value reset the multimeter or do a CONF or MEAS command The table below shows the default trigger delay times for all functions This delay will occur before each measurement see the trigger system diagram in Figure 2 1 on page 35 NOTE You can specify a shorter
44. Note Parameters Comments Chapter 3 CONFigure VOLTage DC RATio lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF configures the multimeter for de dc ratio measurements with the specified range and resolution dc signal voltage _ Hiand LO input DC DC RATIO OK dc reference voltage Sense HI and LO input The ratio is calculated from the voltage applied to the HI and LO input terminals divided by the reference voltage applied to the Sense HI and LO terminals Autoranging is automatically selected for the reference voltage measurement on the Sense HI and LO terminals The specified range in the command applies to the signal connected to the HI and LO input terminals Autorange on the Sense terminals is from 100mV to 10V range only Maximum voltage you can apply to the Sense terminals is 10V Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt range gt numeric 100mV 1V 10V 100V 300V volts HI LO input MIN MAX DEF AUTO lt resolution gt numeric resolution MIN MAX DEF volts To select a standard measurement range specify range as the input signal s maximum expected voltage The multimeter then selects the correct range to accept the input The AUTO or DEFault option for the range parameter enables autorange The DEFault option for resolution defaults the integration time to 10 PLC The MIN and MAX parameters select t
45. R5 command NPLC remains at 10 PLCs providing resolution of 1mQ The special range commands do not affect other functions except in the F3 RES and F4 FRES function changes Range changes on F3 cause the same range change on F4 and vice versa Measurement Speed and Accuracy Trade offs 183 General Guidelines for Increasing Measurement Speed Note Avoid Function Changes Avoid Aperture Changes Minimize the Number of Command Response Sessions Set Autozero to ONCE or OFF The following guidelines show how to increase measurement speed which in some cases will reduce the accuracy of the measurement Some of the guidelines will not affect accuracy but simply make taking measurements more efficient Be aware that these guidelines also increase the complexity of the program 1 Avoid function changes 2 Avoid aperture changes when making frequency or period measurements Minimize the number of command response sessions Set autozero to ONCE or OFF Turn autorange OFF Decrease the NPLC setting for DCV DCI 2 wire and 4 wire resistance measurements 7 Store the readings in the 4152A internal memory instead of sending them directly to the computer UP Only items 4 5 and 6 may reduce the accuracy of a measurement The rest of the guidelines involve additional work by the system programmers The 4152A Multimeter takes time to switch between the various functions because the hardware must be re conf
46. State CONF VOLT DC Function DC voltage TRIG SOUR EXT Trigger source is the external BNC on the multimeter INIT Place multimeter in wait for trigger state store readings in internal memory when ext trigger is received FETC Place readings in output buffer INIT You must re initiate the wait for trigger state after each trigger cycle Chapter 3 SCPI Command Reference 87 INPut The INPut command enables or disables the automatic input impedance mode for DC voltage measurements Subsystem Syntax INPut IMPedance AUTO OFF ON MPedance AUTO I MPedance AUTO INPut IMPedance AUTO lt mode gt enables or disables the automatic input impedance mode for DC voltage measurements When disabled AUTO OFF the multimeter maintains its input impedance of 1OMQ for all DC voltage ranges This is useful to prevent a change in input impedance caused by changing ranges from affecting the measurements Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt mode gt boolean OFF O ON 1 None mode Impedance AUTO OFF AUTO ON gt 10GQ 10MQ Range for all ranges 100mV 1V and 10V Impedance other ranges are at 10MQ Example Enable Automatic Input Impedance use gt 10GQ for 100mV 1V and 10V ranges INP IMP AUTO ON Enable automatic input impedance Comments e You can substitute decimal values for the OFF 0 and ON 1
47. The present current resolution selected if MIN or MAX is not specified The minimum current resolution available if MIN is specified The maximum current resolution available if MAX is specified Example Query the AC Current Measurement Range CURR AC RES 1E 4 Select 100 WA resolution CURR AC RES Query multimeter to return the present resolution enter statement Enter value into computer Chapter 3 SCPI Command Reference 109 CURRent DC APERture SENSe CURRent DC APERture lt number gt sets the integration time in seconds for de current measurements Values are rounded up to the nearest aperture time shown in the following table Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt number gt numeric 0 4ms 3ms 16 7ms seconds 167ms 1 66667s MIN MAX Comments MIN sets the aperture time to 0 4 ms MAX sets the aperture time to 1 66667 seconds 60Hz or 2 seconds 50Hz Setting the aperture time also sets the integration time in power line cycles PLCs and the resolution For example an aperture time of 16 7ms 60Hz line frequency sets an integration time of 1 PLC The corresponding resolution depends on the function and range you select The CURR DC APER command overrides the results of previously executed CURR DC NPLC and CURR DC RES commands The last command executed has priority The greater the aperture time the greater the normal mode rejecti
48. VOLT RANG AUTO OFF Disable autorange PERiod VOLTage RANGe AUTO SENSe PERiod VOLTage RANGe AUTO returns a number to show whether the autorange mode is enabled or disabled 1 ON 0 OFF The number is sent to the output buffer Example Query the Autorange Mode PER VOLT RANG AUTO OFF Disable autorange PER VOLT RANG AUTO Query multimeter to return autorange mode enter statement Enter value into computer 126 SCPI Command Reference Chapter 3 RESistance APERture SENSe RESistance APERture lt number gt sets the integration time in seconds for 2 wire resistance measurements Values are rounded up to the nearest aperture time shown in the following table Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt number gt numeric 0 4ms 3ms 16 7ms seconds 167ms 1 66667s MIN MAX Comments MIN sets the aperture time to 0 4ms MAX sets the aperture time to 1 66667 seconds 60Hz or 2 seconds 50Hz Setting the aperture time also sets the integration time in power line cycles PLCs and the resolution For example an aperture time of 16 7ms 60Hz line frequency sets an integration time of 1 PLC The corresponding resolution depends on the function and range you select The RES APER command overrides the results of previously executed RES NPLC and RESistance RESolution commands The last command executed has priority The greater the aperture tim
49. VOLTage RANGe AUTO OFF ON VOLTage RANGe AUTO RESistance APERture 4ms 3ms 16 7ms 167ms 1 66667s MIN MAX APERture MIN MAX NPLCycles 0 02 0 2 1 10 100 MIN MAX NPLCycles MIN MAX RANGe lt range gt MIN MAX RANGe MIN MAX RANGe AUTO OFF ON RANGe AUTO RESolution lt resolution gt MIN MAX RESolution MIN MAX VOLTage AC RANGe lt range gt MIN MAX AC RANGe MIN MAX AC RANGe AUTO OFFION AC RANGe AUTO AC RESolution lt resolution gt MIN MAX AC RESolution MIN MAX DC APERture 4ms 3ms 16 7ms 167ms 1 66667s MIN MAX DC APERture MIN MAX DC NPLCycles 0 02 0 2 1 10 100 MIN MAX DC NPLCycles MIN MAX DC RANGe lt range gt MIN MAX DC RANGe MIN MAX DC RANGe AUTO OFF ON DC RANGe AUTO DC RESolution lt resolution gt MIN MAX DC RESolution MIN MAX ZERO AUTO OFF ONCE ON AUTO Chapter 3 SCPI Command Reference 105 FUNCtion SENSe FUNCtion lt function gt selects the measurement function You can select the functions shown in the following table Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt function gt discrete CURRent AC none CURRent DC FREQuency FRESistance PERiod RESistance VOLTage AC VOLTage DC VOLTage DC RATio Comments RST Condition SENS VOLT DC Example Change Measurement Function CONF VOLT Function DC voltage FUNC FRES
50. a settings conflict error when specifying resolution Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt resolution gt numeric resolution MIN MAX volts Comments MINimum selects the best resolution the smallest value for the selected range MAXimum selects the worst resolution the largest value for the selected range You must select a range using VOLTage AC RANGe before specifying resolution Also only specify a resolution when making measurements on a fixed range Otherwise the resolution will change to correspond with the range selected during autoranging The VOLT AC RES command overrides the resolution setting from a previous CONFigure VOLT AC RES command Related Commands CONFigure VOLTage DC RESolution RST Condition 1E 04 Example Change the Resolution CONF VOLT AC 6 25 MAX Function DC volts range selected 10V MAX resolution VOLT AC RANG 0 95 Range selected 1 0V MAX resolution 1004V VOLT AC RES 10E 06 Set resolution to 10uV READ Place multimeter in wait for trigger state and make measurements send readings to output buffer VOLTage AC RESolution SENSe VOLTage AC RESolution MIN MAX returns one of the following numbers to the output buffer The present resolution selected if MIN or MAX is not specified Only the resolution values available on ranges set by the RESolution command are returned The resolution with the
51. and lower limits you specify using the LIMit UPPer and LIMit LOWer commands NULL measurements also called relative measurements provide a reading which is the difference between a stored null value and the input signal See the section titled Math Operations beginning on page 31 for more detail on the CAL Culate operations Example Set the Calculate Math Function to Make Upper and Lower Limit Tests on Each Measurement CALC FUNC LIM Set calculate function to limit CALC LIM LOWer Set the lower limit to test against CALC LIM UPPer Set the upper limit to test against CALC STATe ON Enable the limit math operation FUNCtion CALCulate FUNCtion queries the multimeter to determine the present math function Returns AVER DB DBM LIM or NULL Example Query the Calculate Math Function CALC FUNC Query the calculate function 64 SCPI Command Reference Chapter 3 LIMit LOWer Example LIMit LOWer Example LIMit UPPer Example LIMit UPPer Example Chapter 3 CALCulate LIMit LOWer lt value gt MIN MAX sets the lower limit for limit testing You can set the value to any number between 0 and 120 of the highest range for the present function MIN 120 of the highest range MAX 120 of the highest range You must turn on the math operation e g execute CALC STAT ON before writing to the math register The lower limit is stored in volatile memory Set the Lower Limit CALC STAT ON Turn on the
52. dao ab e al 140 Parameters A A hic Se ace AI 140 COmiMents scsi Meet tid ee eh AS eee cee ee eo lee ee NAN Speed Atlee ASE o he a 140 Example snoren thee conchae tence duh Dis ee ak Sate oE ROSEE EEEn EES cau cb evnes ech AEE EEES eed a E Tonoa EEEE ESERE STEES EE ss 140 ZEROPAUTO a ade a o A 140 Example saeh i eset era een eo eo Eko E sR Agee bebe ess bhai Aesth Soa Id Rouse 140 STATUS A E EE EAE E T E dd 141 Subsystem A NN 141 COMME de le oda du eds ee i e real a ade ul lt bb 141 PRES A A A oe ea 141 QUES tionable CONDItON eros 141 QUEStionable ENABle cocina aid ticos 141 Contents x QUES tionable ENABLE ia 142 QUES tonable FE VENT votan e ati Id E Edilicia 142 SV STS ee bese EE sia sae E aca Sa eae S aca Sas van ca Sea va nv ack le sea wena eee aed EESTE EESE STESSE SE EET 143 SUDSY SLMS VICAR it libido 143 ERRE a iia 143 A ses E DEE OTE OEE T E EO EEE O ETEEN EOTS 143 Example no S A e 143 EMER SION it AA AA AAA 143 COMME Sit A AAA AA AAA AA Aita 143 IRIS A A ins 144 Subsystetn Ot a oS ES ica 144 COUNCIL A a Ceue oa eas ote a E Sa Sa Cv 144 AS A ok G8 EE weed neha OSS aE sn a a r a RS OE EER 144 A II O A EEEE EEEE ESTES 144 Example ias 144 COUNT wa snd fsck di 145 Examplenci ni lit 145 ABI A NN 145 etenee tan AA e e A ale AOS EEA tol Tata cif 145 A A RN 145 Example cninisnipi iio pirita plc Dase 145 O NN 146 Example ninio a iii ranita sett heey 146 NR NN 146 O NR beset 146 COMMENTS iaa 146 Example ni pi
53. error and description from the error queue Note the error number and description returned in the error message See Appendix B Error Messages for information on interpreting the error number and description response s The settings for all SCPI commands are unchanged by this command Comments Executable when Initiated No Coupled Command No RST Condition none WAI WAI causes the 4152A to wait for all pending operations to complete before executing any further commands Comments Executable when Initiated Yes Coupled Command No Related Commands OPC OPC RST Condition none 154 SCPI Command Reference Chapter 3 SCPI Command Quick Reference The following tables summarize SCPI commands for the 4152A C size 6 Digit Multimeter Command Description ABORt Place multimeter in idle state CALCulate AVERage AVERage Query average value of the average AVERage COUNt Query average count AVERage MAXimum Query average maximum AVERage MINimum Query average minimum DB REFerence lt value gt MIN MAX Set dB reference value DB REFerence MIN MAX Query dB reference value DBM REFerence lt value gt MIN MAX Set dBm reference value DBM REFerence MIN MAX Query dBm reference value FUNCtion AVERage DB DBM LIMit NULL Set math function to calculate FUNCtion Query math function set LIMit LOWer lt value gt MIN MAX Set lower limit value LIMit LOWer MIN
54. for resolution defaults the integration time to 10 PLC The MIN and MAX parameters select the minimum or maximum value for range and resolution For range MIN 100mV MAX 300 V For resolution MIN selects the best resolution the smallest value for the selected range MAX selects the worst resolution the largest value for the selected range See Table 3 1 on page 58 for valid resolution choices for each range To select autorange specify DEFault for range or do not specify a value for the range and resolution parameters In the autorange mode the multimeter samples the input signal before each measurement and selects the appropriate range To specify a MIN or MAX resolution while autoranging you must specify AUTO or DEFault for range CONF VOLT DC DEF MIN or CONF VOLT DC DEF MAX or CONF VOLT DC AUTO MIN or CONF VOLT DC AUTO MAX you cannot omit the range parameter This prevents the MIN or MAX resolution from being interpreted as a range setting Related Commands FETCh INITiate READ Example Making DC Voltage Measurements CONF VOLT 0 825 MAX Function DC voltage range selected 1A MAX resolution 100 yA SAMP COUN 3 Take 3 readings INIT Place multimeter in wait for trigger state store readings in internal memory trigger source is IMMediate by default FETC Place readings in output buffer enter statement Enter readings into computer 82 SCPI Command Reference Chapter 3 VOLTage DC RATio
55. lass dh suscksve suet ou ses EKSA ed oi its 52 Chapter 3 SCPI Command Reference ra aire nemo 55 Command Separator 3sc is sss cceceeckck sete oiche eose Seti coach sabe KE Eee EEKE E EEEa eCo EEko sbe voore TKa ko EKETE Ei apane RS Sas ars aos 56 Abbreviated Commands civic orar pias 56 Implied Commands eonococnincn miastenia narra eves KEET aa STe TESES SE KEES KENESE ren ETA VO ESOT SESE noT 56 Parameters onsi a a A a a a E E E E E E SS 57 O NN 60 SUDSYSt Yi iio ips 60 Example NN 60 COMME ti Baas mE ee Re a ile ne igen 60 CAT Culate neii ONO 61 SUD Ste Md iia titi 61 IS LS A NN 62 Example cuac alias 62 SA LAR A NS 62 Example ono ii 62 AVERage MAXIMUM ceccocoosiinssoencnnesi cine no eae oneei Eoo aee EEEo ins Soa aE Sr ear SKE STEVEN ES EEEN ESSENSEN EREKE ENES EV ESEESE 62 Example tesoro asta 62 EA LAR A eshevacusuecbecsoubeocbevnststa cus chstecaeescesdeuscbschevsevcasdaedhsesieovtcess 62 Example cuicos pio TT 62 DB REFerence sor oone didas io cesediensss ses abegdsbdnseheuscvechabevuen oybes si 63 Example ee eee ee 63 DB REFerence aoon Ba A ATR STE ei ee nee Ac A sees casas aces hates GAS dias dae ds 63 EXAM pl oes sess scsi ss ests eis sa ces nhen gested snes sss snce EE co 63 DBM REFerence x icceiiscectes aiee end chaste REESE EEEE benedictino EEEa NE adios do EAE EEEE ENENGE SRE 63 Example e a laa E E R A a is 63 DBM REFerence ennonn ohni pe aene E EE Oars o EO Eho do ae eo E Ene Eene E TE oE cos dh doses nos EEE EIE
56. lists by functional group the IEEE 488 2 Common Commands that can be executed by the 4152A C size 6 2 Digit Multimeters However commands are listed alphabetically in the following reference Examples are shown in the reference when the command has parameters or returns a non trivial response otherwise the command string is as shown in the table For additional information refer to IEEE Standard 488 2 1987 Category Command Title Description System Data IDN Identification Returns the identification string of the multimeter which includes the latest inguard and outguard firmware versions Racal Instruments 4152A 0 A 0x 0x A 0x 0x Internal RST Reset Resets the multimeter to Operations FUNC VOLT DC VOLT RANG 300V VOLT RES 1 mV RANGE AUTO ON NPLC 10 ZERO AUTO ON INP IMP AUTO OFF TRIG COUN 1 TRIG DELAY AUTO ON TRIG SOUR IMM SAMP COUN 1 OUTP TTLT lt n gt STAT OFF Internal TST Self Test Returns 0 if self test passes Returns 1 if self test Operations fails Use SYST ERR to retrieve the error from the multimeter See Self Test Errors beginning on page 177 for a complete list of error numbers and their descriptions Return multimeter to Racal Instruments for repair if repair is required Synchronization OPC Operation Complete Operation Complete Command OPC Operation Complete Query Operation Complete Query WAI Wait to Complete Wait to Continue Command Status and E
57. may need to add additional errors for certain operating conditions Check the list below to make sure you include all measurement errors for a given function Also make sure you apply the conditions as described in the footnotes on the specification pages If you are operating the multimeter outside the 23 C 5 C temperature range specified apply an additional temperature coefficient error For dc voltage de current and resistance measurements you may need to apply an additional reading speed error or autozero OFF error For ac voltage and ac current measurements you may need to apply an additional low frequency error or crest factor error Understanding the of reading Error The reading error compensates for inaccuracies that result from the function and range you select as well as the input signal level The reading error varies according to the input level on the selected range This error is expressed in percent of reading The following table shows the reading error applied to the multimeter s 24 hour dc voltage specification Range Error Range Error Range Input Level of range Voltage 10Vdc 10Vdc 0 0015 lt 150uV 10Vdc 1Vdc 0 0015 lt 15uV 10Vdc 0 1Vdc 0 0015 lt 1 5uV Understanding the of range Error The range error compensates for inaccuracies that result from the function and range you select The range error contributes a constant error expressed as a
58. null register using the CALCulate NULL OFFSet lt value gt command Any previously stored value is replaced with the new value Use the following commands to activate the NULL function and input a null value The calculate state must be enabled before you can store a value in the Null Register CONF lt function gt Clears the null offset value CALCulate FUNCtion NULL Set math function to NULL CALCulate STATe ON Enable math operation CALCulate NULL OFFSet lt value gt Store a null offset value Another way to enter the null value is to let the multimeter store the first reading in the register After you enable the NULL function with the CALC STATe ON command the first measurement you obtain will be zero if you have not stored a value as described in the previous bullet The measured value is stored as the NULL offset value and subtracted from itself to result in the zero reading All subsequent measurements will have the offset value subtracted from them If you previously stored a NULL offset value using CALC NULL OFFS lt value gt as in the commands in the above bullet the first reading does not overwrite the stored offset value but returns with the previous offset value subtracted CONF lt function gt Clears the null offset value CALCulate FUNCtion NULL Set math function to NULL CALCulate STATe ON Enable math operation Set up the system to generate the offset of concern e g short input leads for 2 wire ohms m
59. output buffer timeout may occur May require INIT monitor the status byte for completion standard event bit 0 FETC to transfer readings to the output buffer vs READ enter statement Enter readings into computer The TRIGger COUNt MINimum MAXimum command returns one of the following numbers to the output buffer The present trigger count 1 through 50 000 if neither MIN nor MAX is specified The minimum trigger count available 1 if MIN is specified The maximum trigger count available 50 000 if MAX is specified The TRIGger DELay lt seconds gt command inserts a delay between the trigger and each measurement This includes a delay between the trigger and the first measurement and again before each subsequent measurement when sample count is greater than one The lt seconds gt time parameter sets the delay to a value between 0 and 3600 seconds with 1 Us resolution Substituting MIN for the lt seconds gt time parameter sets the trigger delay to 0 Substituting MAX for the lt seconds gt time parameter sets the trigger delay to 3600 seconds In the following example the multimeter will accept 5 triggers from the external trigger BNC connector Four measurements are taken per trigger sample count is set to 4 and the trigger delay is 2 seconds dimension array Dimension computer array CONF VOLT DC Function DC voltag e TRIG SOUR EXT Trigger source is external BNC on multimeter front panel TRIG COUN 5
60. percent of range independent of the input signal level The following table shows the range error applied to the multimeter s 24 hour dc voltage specification Range Error Range Error Range Input Level of range Voltage 10Vdc 10Vdc 0 0004 lt 40uV 10Vdc 1Vdc 0 0004 lt 40uV 10Vdc 0 1Vdc 0 0004 lt 40uV 168 Racal 4152A Multimeter Specifications Appendix A Total Measurement Error To compute the total measurement error add the reading error and range error You can then convert the total measurement error to a percent of input error or a ppm part per million of input error as shown below Total Measurement Errory 00 of input error RE Input Signal Level Total Measurement Errory 1 000 000 m of input error pom OL NP Input Signal Level Error Example Assume that a 5Vdc signal is input to the multimeter on the 10 Vdc range Compute the total measurement error using the 90 day accuracy specifications 0 0020 of reading 0 0005 of range Reading error 0 0020 x 5Vdc 100u4V Range error 0 0005 x 10Vdc 50uV Total error 100uV 50uV 150uV 0 0030 of 5Vdc 30 ppm of 5Vdc Appendix A Racal 4152A Multimeter Specifications 169 Interpreting Multimeter Specifications This section is provided to give you a better understanding of the terminology used and will help you interpret the multimeter s specifications Number of Digits and Overran
61. rechargeable batteries damage from battery leakage or problems arising from normal wear such as mechanical relay life or failure to follow instructions This warranty is in lieu of all other warranties expressed or implied including any implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular use The remedies provided herein are buyer s sole and exclusive remedies For the specific terms of your standard warranty contact Customer Support Please have the following information available to facilitate service 1 Product serial number 2 Product model number 3 Your company and contact information You may contact Customer Support by E Mail atshelpdeskOastronics com Telephone 1 800 722 3262 USA Fax 1 949 859 7139 USA RETURN OF PRODUCT Authorization is required from Astronics Test Systems before you send us your product or sub assembly for service or calibration Call or contact Customer Support at 1 800 722 3262 or 1 949 859 8999 or via fax at 1 949 859 7139 We can also be reached at atshelodesk astronics com If the original packing material is unavailable ship the product or sub assembly in an ESD shielding bag and use appropriate packing materials to surround and protect the product PROPRIETARY NOTICE This document and the technical data herein disclosed are proprietary to Astronics Test Systems and shall not without express written permission of Astronics Test Systems be used in whole or in par
62. setting all enable register bits to 0 It does not affect either the status byte or the standard event status PRESet does not clear any of the event registers QUEStionable CONDition STATus QUEStionable CONDition returns a decimal weighted number representing the bits set in the Questionable Data condition register QUESftionable ENABle STATus QUEStionable ENABle lt unmask gt enables unmasks bits in the Questionable Data Signal Register s enable register to be reported to the summary bit setting Status Byte Register bit 3 true The event register bits are not reported in the Status Bytes Register unless specifically enabled Chapter 3 SCPI Command Reference 141 QUESftionable ENABle STATus QUEStionable ENABle returns a decimal weighted number representing the bits enabled in the Questionable Data Signal Register s enable register signifying which bits will set QUE in the Status Byte QUEStionable EVENt STATus QUEStionable EVENt returns a decimal weighted number representing the bits set in the Questionable Data Signal Register s event register This command clears all bits in the event register when executed Questionable Data Register STATus QUEStionable CONDition rable Data Available m STATus QUEStionable EVENt STATus QU STATus QU lt unmask gt
63. settings provide normal mode rejection of 50Hz or 60Hz power line related noise The 0 02 and 0 2 fractional PLC settings do not provide normal mode rejection of power line related noise e RST Condition 10 PLC Example Set the Integration Time in PLCs FRES NPLC 100 Integration time is 100 PLCs FRESistance NPLC SENSe FRESistance NPLC MIN MAX returns one of the following numbers to the output buffer The present integration time in PLCs if MINimum or MAXimum is not specified The minimum integration time available 0 02 if MIN is specified The maximum integration time available 100 if MAX is specified Example Query the Integration Time FRES NPLC 100 Integration time is 100 PLCs FRES NPLC Query multimeter to return integration time enter statement Enter value into computer 120 SCPI Command Reference Chapter 3 FRESistance RANGe SENSe FRESistance RANGe lt range gt selects the range for 4 wire resistance measurements Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt range gt numeric 100Q 1kQ2 10kQ 100kQ 1MQ ohms 110MQ 100MQ MIN MAX Comments To select a standard measurement range specify range as the input signal s maximum expected resistance The multimeter then selects the correct range MIN selects the minimum range available with the FRESistance RANGe command 1000 MAX selects the maximum range available 100MO You
64. smallest value i e the best resolution for the selected range if MIN is specified The resolution with the largest value 1 e the worst resolution for the selected range if MAX is specified Example Query the Resolution VOLT AC RANG 100E 03 Set range to 0 1 volts VOLT AC RES 1 0E 07 Set resolution to 0 1 uV VOLT AC RES Query multimeter to return the present resolution enter statement Enter value into computer 134 SCPI Command Reference Chapter 3 VOLTage DC APERture SENSe VOLTage DC APERture lt number gt sets the integration time in seconds for de voltage measurements Values are rounded up to the nearest aperture time shown in the following table Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt number gt numeric 0 4ms 3ms 16 7ms seconds 167ms 1 66667s MIN MAX Comments MIN sets the aperture time to 0 4ms MAX sets the aperture time to 1 66667 seconds 60Hz or 2 seconds 50Hz Setting the aperture time also sets the integration time in power line cycles PLCs and the resolution For example an aperture time of 16 7ms 60Hz line frequency sets an integration time of 1 PLC The corresponding resolution depends on the function and range you select The VOLT APER command overrides the results of previously executed VOLT NPLC and VOLT RES commands The last command executed has priority The greater the aperture time the greater
65. the normal mode rejection and the lower the reading rate Related Commands CALibration LFRrequency RST Condition VOLT APER 0 166667 seconds 60Hz or VOLT APER 0 20000 50Hz Example Set an Aperture Time of 16 7ms VOLT APER 16 7E 03 Aperture time is 16 7ms VOLTage DC APERture SENSe VOLTage DC APERture MIN MAX returns one of the following numbers to the output buffer The present aperture time in seconds if MIN or MAX is not specified The minimum aperture time available 4ms if MIN is specified The maximum aperture time available 1 66667s 60Hz 2 s 50Hz if MAX is specified Example Query the Aperture Time VOLT APER 167E 03 Aperture time is 167ms VOLT APER Query multimeter to return aperture time enter statement Enter value into computer Chapter 3 SCPI Command Reference 135 VOLTage DC NPLC SENSe VOLTage DC NPLC lt number gt sets the integration time in power line cycles PLCs The NPLC is set to a value from the range of values that can accommodate the lt number gt specified 11 sets NPLC to 100 Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt mmber gt numeric 0 02 0 2 1 10 100 MIN MAX PLCs Comments MIN selects 0 02 PLCs MAX selects 100 PLCs Setting the integration time in PLCs also sets the aperture time and the resolution For example 10 PLCs sets an aperture time of 167ms 60Hz line frequency or 2
66. the readings are started once INITiate is executed If the trigger source is EXT then the readings are started when an external trigger is received The FETCh command causes the readings that have been stored in the multimeter RAM to be placed in the multimeter s output buffer so they can be retrieved and sent over the GPIB bus or other I O interface such as VXLink No readings are output until all readings have been taken and stored in internal memory RAM This results in a burst then transfer mode of operation The multimeter can store a maximum of 512 readings in its internal memory The READ command does not store readings in internal memory RAM like the INITiate command does For example CONF VOLT DC SAMP COUN 200 READ Takes 200 readings and puts them in the output buffer The READ command causes the 4152A Multimeter to start taking readings as soon as the trigger requirements have been met For example if the trigger source is IMMediate the readings are started immediately If the trigger source is EXT then the readings are started when an external trigger is received The multimeter immediately places those readings in the multimeter s output buffer so they can be retrieved via the GPIB bus or other I O interface such as MXI by the controller If the controller cannot take the readings from the output buffer fast enough the multimeter will suspend taking measurements until there is room to place the readings in the outp
67. unmasked to generate a IEEE 488 1 service request Event and summary bits are always set and cleared in the Status Byte Register regardless of the unmask value lt unmask gt is the sum of the decimal weights of the bits to be enabled allowing these bits to pass through to the summary bit RQS bit 6 in the status byte SRE returns the current enable unmask value Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt unmask gt numeric 0 through 255 none A ina bit position enables service request generation when the corresponding Status Byte Register bit is set a 0 disables it Chapter 3 SCPI Command Reference 153 Comments Executable when Initiated Yes Coupled Command No RST Condition unaffected Power On Condition no bits are enabled Example Enable Service Request on Message Available Bit SRE 16 Enable request on MAV STB STB returns the value of the Status Byte Register The RQS bit bit 6 in the status byte having decimal weight 64 is set if a service request is pending Comments Executable when Initiated Yes Coupled Command No Related Commands SRE RST Condition none TST TST causes the 4152A to execute its internal self test and returns a value indicating the results of the test A response of 0 indicates that the self test passed Any non zero response indicates that the test failed Use the SYST ERR command to read the
68. ves stench medanstu cents 100 102 Parametros aa 102 Contents vi O 102 EXAMPLE ve Ai lee EEEE E 102 GOUN Pa eo eee eee 103 Example bir 103 SENS a idos 104 SUDESTE YA to dis 104 RUNCHIOD ia i n 106 PMA di 106 COMME AA A A Ada 106 Example nt i 106 ABIN o a VAE ESE ose EE E E ah Be ae a TS aa STS a a a 106 Exampleri ad E A Sav E beet aee Mes a 106 CURRent AGIRANGE cie dial 107 PATAM LETS estilo da tin dt 107 A NN 107 CURRent AC RANGO caia Aa ii ia tod Ra E 107 Example ostia li abi 107 CURRent ACRANGEAUTO as 108 PA e O O eases os EE EA EEE A E EEE 108 A NN 108 Example cito pili clipart esa ofi ases 108 CURREN AC RA N Ge AU O P iii 108 Example nia E E E E E a T E E E ERT 108 CURRent AC RES OU a ia a a de 109 RM a 109 COMME aia 109 CURRent AC RES Ol AO iaa 109 A NO 109 CURRent DC APERture eee ieee aie Ate teal E cd ih otitis 110 DET 21 8 YK SAE A A AEA E E E E a E A E AE E 110 o EEEE E E E EE E AE E E EA EEE E A E E EEA 110 Example caridad dido EEEE cee EEA EEE ds ada idas de 110 CURRent DC APERture n nat a ee ah Mea ig a dt inde ied ied 110 A O NN 110 CURRent DE NPEC lt A e e RRS 111 A RR AO 111 Comments busto iia snes o oo cut EAE con 111 Explica ea iba 111 CURREntsDE INP Wi rte ae el e e 111 Example ds A AA a A 111 CURRent DE IRAN GE sail cia ire coasnedcsavedseachicdeatebecstiasbuvecicdosd ovecucdastevgedbessberagecd salevdedeatstasi veces 112 Parametersy O asec cngees seeds Gwousunte Govsbaces E RR NA 112
69. wait for trigger state This command is most commonly used with CONFigure See the section titled Triggering the Multimeter beginning on page 35 for a complete description of the 4152A trigger system which discusses the wait for trigger state Subsystem Syntax INITiate IMMediate IMMediate INITiate MMediate places the multimeter in the wait for trigger state When a trigger is received readings are placed in multimeter internal memory Comments After the trigger system is initiated using INITiate use the TRIGger command subsystem to control the behavior of the trigger system If TRIGger SOURce is IMMediate the measurement starts and readings are stored in internal memory as soon as INITiate is executed Readings stored in memory from previous commands are replaced by the new readings To transfer readings from memory to the output buffer use the FETCh command If TRIGger SOURce is not IMMediate the measurement starts as soon as a trigger is received either from the external BNC connector the VXIbus backplane TTLT lt n gt trigger lines or a BUS trigger The READ command executes INITiate implicitly The MEASure command executes READ implicitly Executing READ outputs data directly to the output buffer bypassing the multimeter s internal memory Related Commands CONFigure FETCh READ RST Condition RST places the multimeter in the idle state Example Placing Multimeter in Wait For Trigger
70. x1 failed DC gain x10 failed DC gain x100 failed Ohms 500nA source failed Ohms 5uA source failed DC 300V zero failed Ohms 101A source failed DC current sense failed Ohms 1001A source failed DC high voltage attenuator failed Ohms 1mA source failed AC rms zero failed Racal 4152A Multimeter Error Messages 177 621 622 623 625 626 Calibration Errors 701 702 703 704 705 706 707 708 AC rms full scale failed Frequency counter failed Cannot calibrate precharge I O processor does not respond VO processor failed self test The following errors indicate failures that may occur during a calibration The most common errors have descriptions here Cal security disabled by jumper The calibration security feature has been disabled with a jumper inside the multimeter When applicable this error will occur at power on to warn you that the multimeter is unsecured Cal secured The multimeter is secured against calibration Invalid secure code An invalid calibration security code was received when attempting to unsecure or secure the multimeter You must use the same security code to unsecure the multimeter as was used to secure it and vice versa The security code may contain up to 12 alphanumeric characters The first character must be a letter Secure code too long A security code was received which contained more than 12 characters Cal aborted A calibration in progress is aborted when you se
71. you are operating the multimeter outside a 23 C 5 C temperature range Appendix A Racal 4152A Multimeter Specifications 171 Configuring for High Accuracy Measurements The measurement configurations shown below assume that the multimeter is in its power on or reset state It is also assumed that manual ranging is enabled to ensure proper full scale range selection DC Voltage DC Current and Resistance Measurements Set the resolution to 6 digits Fast integration time of 10 PLC You can use the 6 digits slow mode integration time of 100 PLC for further noise reduction Set the input resistance to greater than 10GQ for the 100mV 1V and 10V ranges for the best dc voltage accuracy Use 4 wire ohms for the best resistance accuracy Use Math Null to null the test cable resistance for 2 wire ohms and to remove interconnection offset for dc voltage measurements AC Voltage and AC Current Measurements Set the resolution to 6 digits integration time of 100 PLC Select the slow ac filter 3Hz to 300kHz Frequency and Period Measurements Set the resolution to 6 digits aperture time of 1 second 172 Racal 4152A Multimeter Specifications Appendix A Appendix B Racal 4152A Multimeter Error Messages Execution Errors Appendix B 101 102 103 104 105 108 109 The following sections describe the types of errors the 4152A reports Execution Errors Self Test Errors and Calib
72. 0 01A 0 1A 1A 3A MIN MAX amps Comments To select a standard measurement range specify range as the input signal s maximum expected current The multimeter then selects the correct range MIN selects the minimum range available with the CURRent DC RANGe command 10mA MAX selects the maximum range available 3A You must select a range using CURRent DC RANGe before specifying resolution Specifying a fixed range disables the autorange mode set by the CURR DC RANG AUTO command The CURR DC RANG command overrides the range setting from a previous CONFigure command on the same function RST Condition CURR DC RANG 1 Example Set the DC Current Range to 3A CURR DC RANG 3 DC Current range is 3A CURRent DC RANGe SENSe CURRent DC RANGe MIN MAX returns one of the following numbers to the output buffer The present current range selected if MIN or MAX is not specified Only the ranges available with the RANGe command are returned For example if CONFigure selects the 100mA range 100mA is the range returned The minimum current range available 10mA if MIN is specified The maximum current range available 3A if MAX is specified Example Query the DC Current Measurement Range CURR DC RANG 3 Select 3A range CURR DC RANG Query multimeter to return the present range enter statement Enter value into computer 112 SCPI Command Reference Chapter 3 CURRent DC RANGe AUTO SENSe CURRent DC R
73. 0 kHz 0 10 0 04 0 11 0 05 0 12 0 05 0 011 0 005 50 kHz 100 kHz 0 55 0 08 0 60 0 08 0 60 0 08 0 060 0 008 100 kHz 300 kHz 5 00 0 50 5 00 0 50 5 00 0 50 0 200 0 020 300 000V 3 Hz 5 Hz 1 00 0 06 1 00 0 09 1 00 0 09 0 100 0 009 12 5 Hz 10 Hz 0 35 0 06 0 35 0 09 0 35 0 09 0 035 0 009 10 Hz 20 kHz 0 04 0 06 0 05 0 09 0 06 0 09 0 005 0 009 20 kHz 50 kHz 0 10 0 12 0 11 0 15 0 12 0 15 0 011 0 015 50 kHz 100 kHz 5 0 55 0 24 0 60 0 24 0 60 0 24 0 060 0 024 100 kHz 300 kHz 5 5 00 1 50 5 00 1 50 5 00 1 50 0 200 0 060 1 000000 A 3 Hz 5 Hz 1 05 0 04 1 05 0 04 1 05 0 04 0 100 0 006 5 Hz 10 Hz 0 35 0 04 0 35 0 04 0 35 0 04 0 035 0 006 True RMS AC 10 Hz 1 kHz 0 15 0 04 0 15 0 04 0 15 0 04 0 015 0 006 Current 4 1 kHz 5 kHz 0 40 0 04 0 40 0 04 0 40 0 04 0 015 0 006 3 00000 A 3 Hz 5 Hz 1 70 0 06 1 70 0 06 1 70 0 06 0 100 0 006 5 Hz 10 Hz 0 95 0 06 0 95 0 06 0 95 0 06 0 035 0 006 10 Hz 1 kHz 0 75 0 06 0 75 0 06 0 75 0 06 0 015 0 006 1 kHz 5kHz 1 00 0 06 1 00 0 06 1 00 0 06 0 015 0 006 Additional Low Frequency Errors of reading Frequency 10Hz 20Hz 20Hz 40Hz 40Hz 100Hz 100Hz 200Hz 200Hz 1kHz gt 1kHz AC Filter 3Hz 20Hz 200 Hz 0 0 74 0 0 22 0 0 06 0 73 0 0 01 0 22 0 0 0 18 0 0 0 Additional Crest Factor Errors non sinewave 6 Crest Factor 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 Error or rea
74. 00ms 50Hz The corresponding resolution depends on the function and range you select The VOLT DC NPLC command overrides the results of previously executed VOLTage DC RESolution commands the last command executed has priority The greater the number of PLCs the greater the normal mode rejection and the lower the reading rate Only the 1 PLC 10 PLC and 100 PLC settings provide normal mode rejection of 50Hz or 60Hz power line related noise e RST Condition 10 PLC Example Set the Integration Time in PLCs VOLT DC NPLC 10 Integration time is 10 PLCs VOLTage DC NPLC SENSe VOLTage DC NPLC MIN MAX returns one of the following numbers to the output buffer The present integration time in PLCs if MIN or MAX is not specified The minimum integration time available 0 02 if MIN is specified The maximum integration time available 100 if MAX is specified Example Query the Integration Time VOLT DC NPLC 100 Integration time is 100 PLCs VOLT DC NPLC Query multimeter to return integration time enter statement Enter value into computer 136 SCPI Command Reference Chapter 3 VOLTage DC RANGe SENSe VOLTage DC RANGe lt range gt selects the range for DC voltage measurements Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt range gt numeric 100mV 1V 10V 100V 300V volts MIN MAX DEF Comments To select a standard measurement rang
75. 0MQ 100MQ Appendix C These special commands act like a SENSe command to change a function or range The range command acts only on the current function For example if the current function is DCV and its range is 10V sending the range command R2 changes the DCV range to 1V but does not affect the DCI RES or FRES ranges To also change the 2 wire resistance range to the R2 setting you must send the commands F3 and R2 First F3 changes the current function from DCV to RES then R2 sets the range to 1KQ Sending F1 returns the function to DCV and to the range and state it was last set prior to the F3 command The table on the following page shows equivalent SENSe commands for the special commands Measurement Speed and Accuracy Trade offs 181 Speed Advantage Using the Special Non SCPI Commands F1 F4 and R1 R7 You can save approximately three 3 milliseconds by using an F1 F4 special function command instead of changing function with the equivalent SCPI SENSe function command You can save approximately five 5 milliseconds by using an R1 R7 special range command instead of changing the range with the equivalent SCPI SENSe range command Special Commands and Their Equivalent SENSe Command Speed Special Advantage Command Equivalent SENSe SCPI command F1 SENSe FUNC VOLT DC approximate a x 3 mS adyan F2 SENSe FUNC CURR DC tage with spe
76. 1 PLC 0 2 PLC 0 02 PLC Range Reading 1 66667s 167ms 16 7ms 3ms 0 4ms 10mA 12mA 3nA 10nA 30nA 100nA 1uA 100mA 120mA 30nA 100nA 300nA 1uA 104A 1A 1 2A 3nA 11A 3uA 10uA 100A 3A 3A 900nA 3uA 9UA 301A 30014 A Chapter 3 Table 3 3 2 Wire and 4 Wire Resistance Resolution versus Integration Time or Aperture Time Fs Integration Time in Power Line Cycles PLCs Aperture Time for 60Hz Line Frequency seconds Maximum 100 PLCs 10 PLCs 1 PLC 0 2 PLC 0 02 PLC Range Reading 1 66667s 167ms 16 7ms 3ms 0 4ms 1000 1200 3010 10010 30010 1imQ 10mQ 1kQ 1 2kQ 300mQ 1ma 3mQ 10mQ 100mQ 10kQ 12k0 3mQ 10mQ 30mQ 100mQ 10 100kQ 120kQ 30mQ 100mQ 300mQ 10 100 1MQ 1 2MQ 300mQ 10 30 10Q 1000 10MQ 12MQ 30 100 300 1000 1kQ 100MQ 100MQ 300 1000 3000 1kQ 10kQ Table 3 4 AC Voltage Range versus Resolution Resolution Choices versus Range RANGE 100mV 1V 10V 100V 300V MIN 100nV 1uV 10uV 100uV 1mV power on and 1uV 10uV 100uV 1mV 10mV RST setting MAX 10uV 100uV 1mV 10mV 100 mV Table 3 5 AC Current Range versus Resolution Resolution Choices versus Range RANGE 1A 3A MIN 14A SpA power on and 10uA 30uA RST setting MAX 100uA 300uA SCPI Command Reference Chapter 3 This section describes the Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments SCPI for the 4152A 6 2 Digit Multimeter Commands are listed a
77. 100mS Specify an aperture time of 10mS for 4 digits 100mS for 5 digits or 1 second for 6 digits of resolution Set integration time using the following commands SENSe lt function gt NPLC lt number gt NPLCs are not applicable for the FREQ and PER functions SENSe lt function gt APER lt seconds gt Chapter 2 Using The Instrument 29 Autozero Autozero applies to de voltage de current and 2 wire resistance measurements The multimeter internally disconnects the input signal following each measurement and takes a zero reading when autozero is enabled Autozero enabled is the default setting It then subtracts the zero reading from the preceding reading This prevents offset voltages present on the multimeter s input circuitry from affecting measurement accuracy When autozero is disabled OFF the multimeter takes one zero reading and subtracts 1t from all subsequent measurements It takes a new zero reading each time you change function range or integration time You can disable autozero on dc voltage de current and 2 wire ohms measurements only it is always disabled for ACV and ACI functions Autozero is always enabled when you select 4 wire ohms or ratio measurements The autozero mode is stored in volatile memory The multimeter automatically enables autozero at power on and after a module reset Use the following command to disable autozero or select the ONCE parameter The OFF and ONCE parameters have a
78. 1kQ 10kQ 100kQ 1MQ ohms 110MQ 100MQ MIN MAX Comments To select a standard measurement range specify range as the input signal s maximum expected resistance The multimeter then selects the correct range MIN selects the minimum range available with the RESistance RANGe command 1000 MAX selects the maximum range available 100M Q You must select a range using RESistance RANGe before specifying resolution Also in order to specify an aperture time of 10ms you must select a fixed range Specifying a fixed range disables the autorange mode set by the RES RANG AUTO command The RES RANG command overrides the range setting from a previous CONFigure command on the same function The multimeter uses the same aperture time to set the resolution on the new range as was selected by CONFigure RST Condition RES RANG 1kQ Example Change the Range CONF RES 1320 MAX Function 2 wire ohms range selected 10kQ MAX resolution 1 Q RES RANG 220 Range selected 1kQ MAX resolution 0 1 Q READ Place multimeter in wait for trigger state and make measurements send readings to output buffer enter statement Enter readings into computer RESistance RANGe SENSe RESistance RANGe MIN MAX returns one of the following numbers to the output buffer The present resistance range selected if MIN or MAX is not specified Only the ranges available with the RANGe command are returned For example if CONFigure selects the 9002
79. 2A front panel Trig input BNC Measurements are triggered by low pulses of this signal Each trigger results in 10 readings The CONFigure command configures the multimeter for the function specified This CONFigure command specifies a range parameter of 18 expected input is 18 V the multimeter sets a range to accommodate that input which will be 100V It does not initiate the measurement 44 Using The Instrument Chapter 2 Trigger source TRIG SOUR is set for an external trigger A trigger count TRIG COUN of 3 is set the multimeter will accept three external triggers The sample count SAMP COUN is set for 10 samples per trigger The INITiate command puts the multimeter in the wait for trigger state The trigger source is an EXTernal hardware trigger You provide this trigger and input it on the Ext Trig BNC connector which initiates the measurement process This will cause the multimeter to make 30 measurements 10 samples for each of three triggers The FETCh command causes the readings to be transferred to the output buffer and you must provide the I O construct to retrieve the readings and enter them into the computer MEASURE3 Maximizing Measurement Speed no trigger delay short integration time Source Code File RST Reset the multimeter CONF VOLT DC 18 Configure for dc volts expected input 18V CAL ZERO AUTO OFF Turn off autozero makes faster measurements TRIG SOUR IMM Set the trig
80. 3600 seconds for all functions The trigger delay is inserted between the trigger and each measurement Ifa trigger delay is specified using the TRIG DEL lt period gt TRIGger DELay AUTO is turned OFF The multimeter selects an automatic delay if you do not specify a trigger delay see the TRIGger DELay AUTO command on page 146 RST Condition TRIGger DELay AUTO ON Example Set the Trigger Delay TRIG DEL 002 Wait 2ms between trigger and start of measurement Chapter 3 SCPI Command Reference 145 DELay TRIGger DELay MIN MAX returns one of the following numbers to the output buffer The present trigger delay 0 through 3600 seconds if MIN or MAX is not specified The minimum trigger delay available 0 seconds if MIN is specified The maximum trigger delay available 3600 seconds if MAX is specified Example Query the Trigger Delay TRIG DEL 002 Wait 2ms between trigger and start of measurement TRIG DEL Query multimeter to return trigger delay enter statement Enter value into computer DELay AUTO TRIGger DELay AUTO lt mode gt enables or disables a trigger delay automatically determined by the present function range NPLC setting AC filter setting and integration time see the table on the next page The trigger delay specifies the period between the trigger signal and the start ofthe measurement and between each sample when SAMPle COUNt gt 1 Parameters Parameter Name Pa
81. 42 40 Silicon 500 Copper Oxide 1000 Cadmium Tin Solder 0 2 Tin Lead Solder 5 Loading Errors Measurement loading errors occur when the resistance of the device dc volts under test DUT is an appreciable percentage of the multimeter s own input resistance The diagram below shows this error source Vg ideal DUT vo Rg DUT source resistance Rj multimeter input stance 10 MQ or gt 10 To reduce the effects of loading errors and to minimize noise pickup you can set the multimeter s input resistance to greater than 10GQ for the 100mVdc 1 Vdc and 10Vdc ranges The input resistance is maintained at 10MQ for the 100Vdc and 300Vdc ranges Leakage Current The multimeter s input capacitance will charge up due to input bias Errors currents when the terminals are open circuited if the input resistance is 10GQ The multimeter s measuring circuitry exhibits approximately 30pA of input bias current for ambient temperatures from 0 C to 30 C Bias current will double x2 for every 8 C change in ambient temperature above 30 C This current generates small voltage offsets dependent upon the source resistance of the device under test This effect becomes evident for a source resistance of greater than 100kQ or when the multimeter s operating temperature is significantly greater than 30 C fg SR Te ee yk Ce ee ib multimeter bias current HI O Rs DUT source resis
82. 5 1 000000k42 1mA 0 0020 0 0005 0 0080 0 0010 0 0100 0 0010 0 0006 0 0001 10 00000kQ 100uA 0 0020 0 0005 0 0080 0 0010 0 0100 0 0010 0 0006 0 0001 100 0000kQ 10uA 0 0020 0 0005 0 0080 0 0010 0 0100 0 0010 0 0006 0 0001 1 000000MQ 5uA 0 0020 0 0010 0 0080 0 0010 0 0100 0 0010 0 0010 0 0002 10 00000MQ 500nA 0 0150 0 0010 0 0350 0 0010 0 0540 0 0010 0 0030 0 0004 100 0000MQ 500nA 10MQ 0 3000 0 0100 0 8000 0 0100 0 8000 0 0100 0 1500 0 0002 DC Current 10 00000mA lt 0 1V 0 0050 0 0100 0 0500 0 0200 0 0700 0 0200 0 0050 0 0020 100 0000mA lt 0 7V 0 0100 0 0040 0 0500 0 0050 0 0700 0 0050 0 0060 0 0005 1 000000A lt 1V 0 1000 0 0060 0 1300 0 0100 0 1500 0 0100 0 0060 0 0010 3 000000A lt 2V 0 7000 0 0200 0 7200 0 0200 0 7200 0 0200 0 0060 0 0020 DC DC Ratio 100mV to 300V Input Accuracy Reference Accuracy Input Accuracy accuracy specification for the HI LO input signal Reference Accuracy accuracy specification for HI LO reference input signal Sense HI LO input terminals NOTE Autorange is used for the reference signal regardless of the range set for the HI LO input signal The 10V range is the highest range available for the reference signal and the highest range the multimeter will autorange to for measuring the reference signal Appendix A Racal 4152A Multimeter Specificatio
83. A sTRONICS TEST SYSTEMS Racal Instruments 4152A 6 5 Digit Digital Multimeter User Manual Publication No 980831 Rev A Astronics Test Systems Inc 4 Goodyear Irvine CA 92618 Tel 800 722 2528 949 859 8999 Fax 949 859 7139 atsinfo astronics com atssales astronics com atshelodesk astronics com http www astronicstestsystems com Copyright 2001 by Astronics Test Systems Inc Printed in the United States of America All rights reserved This book or parts thereof may not be reproduced in any form without written permission of the publisher THANK YOU FOR PURCHASING THIS ASTRONICS TEST SYSTEMS PRODUCT For this product or any other Astronics Test Systems product that incorporates software drivers you may access our web site to verify and or download the latest driver versions The web address for driver downloads is http www astronicstestsystems com support downloads If you have any questions about software driver downloads or our privacy policy please contact us at atsinfo astronics com WARRANTY STATEMENT All Astronics Test Systems products are designed to exacting standards and manufactured in full compliance to our AS9100 Quality Management System processes This warranty does not apply to defects resulting from any modification s of any product or part without Astronics Test Systems express written consent or misuse of any product or part The warranty also does not apply to fuses software non
84. A trigger deadlock occurs when the trigger source is BUS and a READ command is received Settings conflict This error can be generated in one of the following situations You sent a CONFigure or MEASure command with autorange enabled and with a fixed resolution Example CONF VOLT DC DEF 0 1 Y ou turned math on CALC STAT ON and then changed to a math operation that was not valid with the present measurement function For example dB measurements are not allowed with 2 wire ohms The math state is turned off as a result of this condition Data out of range A numeric parameter value is outside the valid range for the command Example TRIG COUN 3 Too much data A character string was received but could not be executed because the string length was more than 12 characters This error can be generated by the CALibration STRing and DISPlay TEXT commands Illegal parameter value A discrete parameter was received which was not a valid choice for the command You may have used an invalid parameter choice Examples CALC FUNC SCALE SCALE is not a valid choice or SAMP COUN ON ON is not a valid choice Data stale A FETCh command was received but internal reading memory was empty The reading retrieved may be invalid or settings have changed since the data was taken Racal 4152A Multimeter Error Messages 175 330 350 410 420 430 440 501 502 511 521 522 531 Self test failed The multimeter s
85. ANGe command 100mV MAX selects the maximum range available 300 V You must select a range using VOLTage AC RANGe before specifying resolution Specifying a fixed range disables the autorange mode setting VOLT AC RANG AUTO OFF The VOLT AC RANG command overrides the range setting from a previous CONFigure command specifying the same function With the new range a new resolution is also selected RST Condition VOLT AC RANG 10V Example Change the Range CONF VOLT AC 01 05 MAX Function AC volts range selected 10V VOLT AC RANG 1 Range selected 1V READ Place multimeter in wait for trigger state and make measurement send readings to the output buffer enter statement Enter readings into computer VOLTage AC RANGe SENSe VOLTage AC RANGe MIN MAX returns one of the following numbers to the output buffer The present voltage range selected if MIN or MAX is not specified Only the ranges available with the RANGe command are returned For example if CONFigure selects the 10V range 10V is the range returned The minimum voltage range available with the VOLTage AC RANGe command 100mV if MIN is specified The maximum voltage range available with the VOLTage AC RANGe command 300V if MAX is specified 132 SCPI Command Reference Chapter 3 Example Query the Measurement Range VOLT AC RANG 10 Select 10V range VOLT AC RANG Query multimeter to return the present range enter statement Enter value into co
86. ANGe AUTO lt mode gt enables or disables the autorange function for DC current measurements Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt mode gt boolean OFF O ON 1 none Comments You can substitute decimal values for the OFF 0 and ON 1 parameters When autoranging is ON the multimeter samples the input before each measurement and selects the appropriate range If you explicitly select a range using CURRent DC RANGe autoranging is turned OFF Related Commands CONFigure AC RANGe RESistance RANGe RST Condition CURR DC RANG AUTO ON Example Disable DC Current Autoranging CURR DC RANG AUTO OFF Disable autorange CURRent DC RANGe AUTO SENSe CURRent DC RANGe AUTO returns a number to show whether the DC current autorange mode is enabled or disabled 1 ON 0 OFF The number is sent to the output buffer Example Query the DC Current Autorange Mode CURR DC RANG AUTO OFF Disable autorange CURR DC RANG AUTO Query multimeter to return autorange mode enter statement Enter value into computer Chapter 3 SCPI Command Reference 113 CURRent DC RESolution SENSe CURRent DC RESolution lt resolution gt selects the resolution for DC current measurements Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt resolution gt numeric resolution MIN MAX amps
87. ART overrun error Unexpected reset occurred The outguard circuit recognized the inguard circuit reset probably due to an abnormal input condition This error causes the instrument to go to the power on setting and the previous setting is lost Input buffer overflow Output buffer overflow Insufficient memory There is not enough memory to store the requested number of readings in internal memory using the INITiate command The product of the sample count SAMPle COUNt and the trigger count TRIGger COUNt must not exceed 512 readings 176 Racal 4152A Multimeter Error Messages Appendix B 532 540 Self Test Errors Appendix B 602 603 604 605 606 607 609 610 611 612 613 614 615 616 617 618 619 620 Cannot achieve requested resolution The multimeter cannot achieve the requested measurement resolution You may have specified an invalid resolution in the CONFigure or MEASure command Cannot use overload as math reference The multimeter cannot store an overload reading 9 90000000E 37 as the math reference for null or dB measurements The math state is turned off as a result of this condition The following errors indicate failures that may occur during a self test The error message provides a description of the failure RAM read write failed A D sync stuck A D slope convergence failed Cannot calibrate rundown gain Rundown gain out of range Rundown too noisy DC gain
88. AX Function 4 wire ohms range selected 1kQ MAX resolution 100mQ CONF Query configuration enter statement Enter string into computer String Returned FRES 1 000000E 003 9 999999E 02 84 SCPI Command Reference Chapter 3 DATA The multimeter can store up to 512 readings in internal memory The DATA command allows you to determine how many readings are currently stored Subsystem Syntax DATA POINts POINts The INITiate command uses internal memory to store readings prior to a FETCh command e g when a measurement is initiated by the INITiate command You can query the number of stored readings in memory by sending the DATA POINts command Comments INITiate command uses internal memory to store readings prior to using a FETCh command You use the DATA POINts command to query the number of readings stored in internal memory to determine the amount of data space to allocate on your computer to receive the data Chapter 3 SCPI Command Reference 85 FETCh The FETCh command retrieves measurements stored in the module s internal memory by the most recent INITiate command and places them in the output buffer This command is most commonly used with CONFigure Subsystem Syntax FETCh Comments Execute INITiate before sending the FETCh command to place the multimeter in the wait for trigger state If the multimeter has not taken any data i e if INITiate has not been executed or if set
89. Cure STATe OFF ON lt code gt unsecures or secures the multimeter for calibration The calibration code must be the code set by the CAL SEC CODE command The state is stored in non volatile memory Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units OFFJON boolean OFF 0 ON 1 none lt code gt discrete up to 12 characters none set by CAL SEC CODE You can substitute decimal values for the OFF 0 and ON 1 parameters The multimeter calibration is secured when shipped from the factory The security code is set to RI 4152A RST does not change the state Set the Calibration State to Unsecured CAL SEC STAT OFF RI_4152A Unsecure multimeter calibration CALibration SECure STATe returns a 1 or 0 to show whether the calibration security state is enabled 1 or disabled 0 The number is sent to the output buffer Query the Calibration Security State CAL SEC STAT Query multimeter calibration security state enter statement Enter value into computer CALibration STRing lt quoted string gt allows you to record calibration information about your multimeter while CAL SEC STAT is OFF For example you can store information such as the last calibration date and or the next calibration due date The calibration message can contain up to 40 characters Characters in excess of 40 are truncated and no error is generated The string is stored in non volatile m
90. EE 63 Example suis T RT 63 TPUNCUON oi dls da rada ibas 64 Parameter Summary A SobuN Mos ceeshean a cease cok Gasabes yan og kaa ran et eatd acess seasts E dopa setetaneess 64 Example cocinada GSA a ias Boe ASS 64 FUNCION ii oases 64 A A RN 64 DIMELO West fai iia 65 Example cari os aad sees nh AIA Ri di ate ee ee Ps 65 ENE OANA scsi sb ise cose eae ss cag cosh Saves sed setaege xd sapbtocs sad phtects lei il 65 Example cis E E A ee oe ohn see tea reels sis ile 65 Contents iii LIMUSA O Te ee SS 65 EX APS cuco A tii 65 JN A O NN 65 Example iio oi tii abi 65 NULE OFFS etnio nn a E A Ee 66 Example sua Ai ta 66 NUEL OEESSO eievecs E aS aca Seg a E a a 9 te as Je aaa 66 Examplernnntsc abad 66 A A RS 66 Example ta its 66 ADA TS SR E E E a Sen o a 66 Example roba 66 CALIDO A AS 67 Subsystem yt tdi ita 67 COUNT o e e ed ad eat 67 COMME tinas A E ii dabas is dad ande is 67 Example ocio a 67 LF Requenoy eeslocssioscnooccnas lion cy taeae eroe EErEE E oror bere TVAE suas uovengevte sven EEE KE EE csi adas de abs eddie in 67 EMM tac T are Alai ra 67 Example siono NS 67 D E EATE C NO 68 COMMENTS a eaeoe aE ca rE E E a a a E E A EE E AEE E E EERE EA 68 Example cuco a E E 68 SE Cure CODE ui id edi AA E A A E 68 A ROI 68 A NN 68 NS A A ON 69 A A NS 69 COMMONS 2050 5 secs O ON ION 69 Example cintas il ds isis 69 SECUre A O NOTE 69 Example voca il rd ici i od lala deals ds 69 NRO it tios 69 Paralela ds 69 O E A tose sigue sau
91. F3 SENSe FUNC RES cial command F4 SENSe FUNC FRES The special range command affects the currently configured function approximate 5 mS advan tage with spe cial command R1 SENSe VOLT DC RANG 0 1 SENSe CURR DC RANG 0 01 SENSe JRES RANG 100 SENSe FRES RANG 100 R2 SENSe VOLT DC RANG 1 SENSe CURR DC RANG 0 1 SENSe RES RANG 1000 SENSe FRES RANG 1000 R3 SENSe VOLT DC RANG 10 SENSe CURR DC RANG 1 SENSe RES RANG 10000 SENSe FRES RANG 10000 R4 SENSe VOLT DC RANG 100 SENSe CURR DC RANG 3 SENSe RES RANG 1E5 SENSe FRES RANG 1E5 R5 SENSe VOLT DC RANG 300 CURR DC DOES NOT APPLY SENSe RES RANG 1E6 SENSe FRES RANG 1E6 R6 VOLT DC DOES NOT APPLY CURR DC DOES NOT APPLY SENSe RES RANG 10E6 SENSe FRES RANG 10E6 R7 VOLT DC DOES NOT APPLY CURR DC DOES NOT APPLY SENSe RES RANG 100E6 SENSe FRES RANG 100E6 182 Measurement Speed and Accuracy Trade offs Appendix C 4152A Resolution Using Special Functions and Ranges Note Resolution Example Appendix C Resolution remains a function of the NPLC parameter set at the time a special function or range is used The NPLC setting is fixed throughout use of the special functions and ranges unless you change the setting with the SENSe lt function gt NPLC command or configure the multimeter with the CONFigure command using a resolution
92. Ge command 100mV MAX selects the maximum range available 300 V Specifying a fixed range disables the autorange mode set by the PER VOLT RANG AUTO command RST Condition PER VOLT RANG 10 Example Set the Voltage Range for Period Measurements to 100 V PER VOLT RANG 100 Voltage range is 100 V PERiod VOLTage RANGe SENSe PERiod VOLTage RANGe MIN MAX returns one of the following numbers to the output buffer 0 1 1 10 100 or 300 corresponding to the range set MIN returns 0 1 e MAX returns 300 Example Query the Period Voltage Range PER VOLT RANG Query the voltage range for period measurements enter statement Enter response into computer Chapter 3 SCPI Command Reference 125 PERiod VOLTage RANGe AUTO SENSe PERiod VOLTage RANGe AUTO lt mode gt enables or disables the autorange function for the signal level of period measurements Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt mode gt boolean OFF O ON 1 none Comments You can substitute decimal values for the OFF 0 and ON 1 parameters When autoranging is ON the multimeter samples the input before each measurement and selects the appropriate range If you explicitly select a range using PERiod VOLT RANGe autoranging is turned OFF Related Commands CONFigure FREQuency VOLT RANGe e RST Condition PER VOLT RANG AUTO ON Example Disable Autoranging PER
93. INimum reads the minimum value found from an AVERage function operation The min value is cleared when AVERage is enabled CALC FUNC AVER and CALC STAT ON commands when power is removed or after the multimeter is reset The minimum value is stored in volatile memory Example Query the Minimum Value Found During an AVERage Math Operation CALC AVER MIN Query the min value 62 SCPI Command Reference Chapter 3 DB REFerence CALCulate DB REFerence lt value gt MIN MAX stores a relative value in the dB Relative Register You must turn on the math operation e g execute CALC STAT ON before writing to the math register You can set the relative value to any number between 200dBm the MIN and MAX values The dB reference is stored in volatile memory Example Set the DB Reference Value CALC STAT ON Turn on the math operation CALC DB REF 60 Sets DB reference to 60 dBm CALC FUNC DB Select the DB math operation You can select the calculate function at any time before or after enabling the calculate state DB REFerence CALCulate DB REFerence MIN MAX queries dB reference value Example Query the DB Reference Value Set for the DB Math Operation CALC DB REF Query the DB reference value DBM REFerence CALCulate DBM REFerence lt value gt MIN MAX selects the dBm reference value Choose from 50 75 93 110 124 125 135 150 250 300 500 600 default 800 900 1000 1200 or 8000 ohms MIN 502 MAX 80002 You mus
94. LTage DC RESolution SENSe VOLTage DC RESolution lt resolution gt selects the resolution for DC voltage measurements Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt resolution gt numeric resolution MIN MAX volts Comments MINimum selects the best resolution the smallest value for the selected range MAXimum selects the worst resolution the largest value for the selected range You must select a range using VOLTage DC RANGe before specifying resolution Also only specify a resolution when making measurements on a fixed range Otherwise the resolution will change to correspond with the range selected during autoranging If autoranging is required set the resolution using the MIN or MAX parameters or select a specific integration time using VOLTage DC NPLC If necessary to achieve the specified resolution the multimeter will increase the integration time as needed This command overrides the results of previously executed VOLTage DC NPLC commands the last command executed has priority The VOLT DC RES command overrides the resolution setting from a previous CONFigure VOLT DC RES command Related Commands CONFigure VOLTage AC NPLC RST Condition Based on the RST values for the VOLTage NPLC command Example Change the Resolution CONF VOLT DC 6 25 MAX Function DC volts range selected 10V MAX resolution VOLT DC RANG 0 95 Range sele
95. MAX Query lower limit value LIMit UPPer lt value gt MIN MAX Set upper limit value LIMit UPPer MIN MAX Query upper limit value NULL OFFSet lt value gt MIN MAX Set null offset value NULL OFFSet MIN MAX Query null offset value STATe OFF ON Enable disable math function state STATe Query math function state CALibration COUNt Query number of cal operations LFRequency 50 60 400 Sets line reference frequency LFRequency MIN MAX Query line reference frequency SECure CODE lt new code gt Enters a new security code SECure STATe OFF ON lt code gt Enables disables the security code SECure STATe Queries the security state STRing lt quoted string gt Lets you store info about your calibration STRing Queries the cal string VALue lt cal_value gt Sets the calibration value VALue Queries the calibration value ZERO AUTO ONJOFF Enable disable autozero mode ZERO AUTO Query autozero mode CALibration Initiates the calibration process using the cal value set by CAL VALue The command returns a value to indicate the calibration was successful Chapter 3 SCPI Command Reference 155 Command Description CONFigure CURRent AC lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO Configure multimeter for AC current lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF CURRent DC lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO Configure multimeter for DC current lt resolution gt MIN
96. MAX DEF FREQuency lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO Configure multimeter for frequency lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF FRESistance lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO Configure multimeter for 4 wire ohms L lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF PERiod lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO Configure multimeter for period L lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF RESistance lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO Configure multimeter for 2 wire ohms L lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF VOLTage AC lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO Configure multimeter for AC voltage lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF VOLTage DC lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO Configure multimeter for DC voltage lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF VOLTage DC RATio lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO Configure multimeter for DC voltage ratio lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF CONFigure Query multimeter configuration DATA POINts Query number of readings stored in the multimeter s memory FETCh Place stored readings in output buffer INITiate IMMediate Place multimeter in wait for trigger state INPut IMPedance AUTO 1 0 ON OFF Enable disable auto impedance mode IMPedance AUTO Query impedance mode MEASure CURRent AC lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO Make an AC current measurement lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF CURRent DC lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO Make a DC current measurement lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF FREQuency lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO Make a frequency m
97. MAX resolution 100uV 98 SCPI Command Reference Chapter 3 OUTPut The OUTPut command subsystem enables you to route the multimeter s voltmeter complete signal to the VXIbus TTL trigger lines Subsystem Syntax OUTPut TTLTrg lt n gt STATe lt mode gt TTLTrg lt n gt STATe TTLTrg STATe OUTPut TTLTrg lt n gt STATe lt mode gt enables or disables routing of the voltmeter complete signal to the specified VXTIbus trigger line TTLTrg0 through TTLTrg7 on the backplane P2 connector Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt n gt discrete 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 none lt mode gt boolean OFF O ON 1 none Comments You can substitute decimal values for the OFF 0 and ON 1 parameters The voltmeter complete signal is always routed to the multimeter s front panel VM Complete BNC connector When enabled ON the OUTPut command also routes voltmeter complete to the specified trigger line on connector P2 When disabled OFF voltmeter complete is routed only to the multimeter s front panel connector The multimeter generates the voltmeter complete signal after it has sampled the input for each reading The length of time this low going TTL signal is true low depends on the aperture time and on the autozero mode as shown below Aperture Time Voltmeter Complete Low Autozero ON Autozero OFF 320ms 50Hz 350ms 350s
98. Measurement Range FREQ VOLT RANG 10 Select 10 V range FREQ VOLT RANG Query the present range enter statement Enter value into computer Chapter 3 SCPI Command Reference 117 FREQuency VOLTage RANGe AUTO Parameters Comments Example SENSe FREQuency VOLTage RANGe AUTO lt mode gt enables or disables the autorange function for the signal level of frequency measurements Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt mode gt boolean OFF O ON 1 none You can substitute decimal values for the OFF 0 and ON 1 parameters When autoranging is ON the multimeter samples the input before each measurement and selects the appropriate range If you explicitly select a range using FREQuency VOLT RANGe autoranging is turned OFF Related Commands CONFigure PERiod VOLT RANGe RST Condition FREQ VOLT RANG AUTO ON Disable Autoranging FREQ VOLT RANG AUTO OFF Disable autorange FREQuency VOLTage RANGe AUTO Example SENSe FREQuency VOLTage RANGe AUTO returns a number to show whether the autorange mode is enabled or disabled 1 ON 0 OFF The number is sent to the output buffer Query the Autorange Mode FREQ VOLT RANG AUTO OFF Disable autorange FREQ VOLT RANG AUTO Query multimeter to return autorange mode enter statement Enter value into computer 118 SCPI Command Reference Chapter 3 FRESistance APERture SENSe F
99. R AVER Retrieve the average measurement value CALC AVER MAX Retrieve the maximum measurement value CALC AVER MIN Retrieve the minimum measurement value Check the multimeter for system errors SYST ERR Retrieve the system error response from the multimeter 48 Using The Instrument Chapter 2 Multimeter Status System Examples Automatically Set at Conditions Power On There are two program examples that demonstrate how the 4152A Multimeter status system works The status byte is repeatedly read to identify when actions by the Multimeter set the appropriate bit in the status byte The computer can identify when readings are available by monitoring the status byte and can retrieve readings when they are available Figure 2 5 illustrates the 4152A status system A Questionable Data Register an Output Buffer and a Standard Event Register each have a respective status bit in the Status Byte Register The Output Buffer sets the MAV bit when there is data available such as measurement readings or a response to a SCPI query command The Questionable Data Register and Standard Event Register require you to unmask the bits you want to be OR d into a summary bit which sets the respective bit in the Status Byte You must also unmask the status bits you want OR d into a summary bit to set the Service Request bit SRQ if you want to generate an interrupt Standard Event Register ESR ESE lt unmask gt ESE
100. READ INITiate Note The multimeter requires approximately 20ms of set up time after you send a command to change to the wait for trigger state Any triggers that occur during this set up time are ignored The Trigger Count The TRIGger COUNt lt number gt command sets the number of triggers the multimeter will accept in the wait for trigger state before returning to the idle state Use the number parameter to set the trigger count to a value between 1 and 50 000 The MEASure and CONFigure commands set trigger count to 1 Substituting MIN for the number parameter sets the trigger count to 1 Substituting MAX for the number parameter sets the trigger count to 50 000 38 Using The Instrument Chapter 2 Example Setting the Trigger Count Checking the Trigger Count Inserting a Trigger Delay Example Inserting a Chapter 2 Trigger Delay In the following example one DC voltage measurement is made each time the multimeter s external trigger BNC connector is pulsed low After 10 external triggers are received the multimeter returns to the idle state dimension array Dimension computer array CONF VOLT DC Function DC voltage TRIG SOUR EXT Trigger source is external BNC on multimeter front panel TRIG COUN 10 Multimeter will accept 10 external triggers one measurement is taken per trigger READ Place multimeter in wait for trigger state make measurements when external trigger is received send readings to
101. RESistance APERture lt number gt sets the integration time in seconds for 4 wire resistance measurements Values are rounded up to the nearest aperture time shown in the following table Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt number gt numeric 0 4ms 3ms 16 7ms seconds 167ms 1 66667s MIN MAX Comments MIN sets the aperture time to 0 4ms MAX sets the aperture time to 1 66667 seconds 60Hz or 2 seconds 50Hz Setting the aperture time also sets the integration time in power line cycles PLCs and the resolution For example an aperture time of 16 7ms 60Hz line frequency sets an integration time of 1 PLC The corresponding resolution depends on the function and range you select The FRES APER command overrides the results of previously executed FRES NPLC and FRES RES commands The last command executed has priority The greater the aperture time the greater the normal mode rejection and the lower the reading rate Related Commands CALibration LFRrequency RST Condition FRES APER 0 166667 seconds 60Hz or FRES APER 0 20000 50Hz Example Set an Aperture Time of 16 7ms FRES APER 16 7E 03 Aperture time is 16 7ms FRESistance APERture SENSe FRESistance APERture MIN MAX returns one of the following numbers to the output buffer The present aperture time in seconds if MIN or MAX is not specified The minimum aperture time available
102. RRent DC APERture 4ms 3ms 16 7ms 167ms 1 66667s MIN MAX CURRent DC APERture MIN MAX CURRent DC NPLCycles 02 2 1 10 100 MIN MAX CURRent DC NPLCycles MIN MAX CURRent DC RANGe lt range gt MIN MAX CURRent DC RANGe MIN MAX CURRent DC RANGe AUTO OFF ON CURRent DC RANGe AUTO CURRent DC RESolution lt resolution gt MIN MAX CURRent DC RESolution MIN MAX DETector BANDwidth 3 20 200 MIN MAX DETector BANDwidth MIN MAX FREQuency APERture 0 01 0 1 1 MIN MAX FREQuency APERture MIN MAX FREQuency VOLTage RANGe lt range gt MIN MAX FREQuency VOLTage RANGe MIN MAX FREQuency VOLTage RANGe AUTO OFF ON FREQuency VOLTage RANGe AUTO FRESistance APERture 4ms 3ms 16 7ms 167ms 1 66667s MIN MAX FRESistance APERture MIN MAX FRESistance NPLCycles 0 02 0 2 1 10 100 MIN MAX FRESistance NPLCycles MIN MAX FRESistance RANGe lt range gt MIN MAX FRESistance RANGe MIN MAX FRESistance RANGe AUTO OFF ON FRESistance RANGe AUTO FRESistance RESolution lt resolution gt MIN MAX FRESistance RESolution MIN MAX PERiod APERture 0 01 0 1 1 MIN MAX PERiod APERture MIN MAX PERiod VOLTage RANGe lt range gt MIN MAX PERiod VOLTage RANGe MIN MAX PERiod VOLTage RANGe AUTO OFF ON PERiod VOLTage RANGe AUTO RESistance APERture 4ms 3ms 16 7ms 167ms 1 66667s MIN MAX RESistance APERture MIN MAX RESistance NPLCycles 0 02 0 2 1 10 100 MIN MAX RESistance NPLCycles MIN MAX RESistance RANGe lt range gt
103. Rent AC FUNCtion CURRent DCT FUNCtion FREQuency FUNCtion FRESistance FUNCtion PERiod FUNCtion RESistance FUNCtion VOL Tage AC FUNCtion VOLTage DCT FUNCtion VOL Tage DC RATio FUNCtion CURRent AC RANGe lt range gt MIN MAX AC RANGe MIN MAX AC RANGe AUTO OFF ON AC RANGe AUTO AC RESolution lt resolution gt MIN MAX AC RESolution MIN MAX DC APERture 4ms 3ms 16 7ms 167ms 1 66667s MIN MAX DC APERture MIN MAX DC NPL Cycles 02 2 1 10 100 MIN MAX DC NPL Cycles MIN MAX DC RANGe lt range gt MIN MAX DC RANGe MIN MAX DC RANGe AUTO OFF ON DC RANGe AUTO DC RESolution lt resolution gt MIN MAX DC RESolution MIN MAX DETector BANDwidth 3 20 200 MIN MAX BANDwidth MIN MAX FREQuency APERture 0 01 0 1 1 MIN MAX APERture MIN MAX VOLTage RANGe lt range gt MIN MAX VOLTage RANGe MIN MAX VOLTage RANGe AUTO OFF ON VOLTage RANGe AUTO 104 SCPI Command Reference Chapter 3 SENSe FRESistance APERture 4ms 3ms 16 7ms 167ms 1 66667s MIN MAX APERture MIN MAX NPL Cycles 0 02 0 2 1 10 100 MIN MAX NPLCycles MIN MAX RANGe lt range gt MIN MAX RANGe MIN MAX RANGe AUTO OFF ON RANGe AUTO RESolution lt resolution gt MIN MAX RESolution MIN MAX PERiod APERture 0 01 0 1 1 MIN MAX APERture MIN MAX VOLTage RANGe lt range gt MIN MAX VOLTage RANGe MIN MAX
104. Ror Return error number message from error queue VERSion Return the multimeter s SCPI version TRIGger COUNt lt number gt MIN MAX INFinite Set number of triggers or scans COUNt MIN MAX DELay lt seconds gt MIN MAX DELay MIN MAX DELay AUTO OFF ON DELay AUTO SOURce BUS IMMediate EXTernal TTLTrg0 7 SOURce Query trigger count Set delay between trigger and start of measurement Query trigger delay Enable disable automatic trigger delay Query automatic trigger delay mode Specify trigger source Query trigger source 158 SCPI Command Reference Chapter 3 Appendix A Racal 4152A Multimeter Specifications DC Characteristics Accuracy Specifications of reading of range 1 Temperature Test Current or Coefficient Burden 24 Hour 2 90 Day 1 Year 0 C 18 C Function Range 3 Voltage 23 C 41 C 23 C 5 C 23 C 5 C 28 C 55 C DC Voltage 100 0000mV 0 0030 0 0030 0 0040 0 0035 0 0050 0 0035 0 0005 0 0005 1 000000V 0 0020 0 0006 0 0030 0 0007 0 0040 0 0007 0 0005 0 0001 10 00000V 0 0015 0 0004 0 0020 0 0005 0 0035 0 0005 0 0005 0 0001 100 0000V 0 0020 0 0006 0 0035 0 0006 0 0045 0 0006 0 0005 0 0001 300 0000V 0 0020 0 0018 0 0035 0 0030 0 0045 0 0030 0 0005 0 0003 Resistance 4 100 0000Q 1mA 0 0030 0 0030 0 0080 0 0040 0 0100 0 0040 0 0006 0 000
105. T DC RANG 1 0 Select 1V range VOLT DC RANG Query multimeter to return the present range enter statement Enter value into computer Chapter 3 SCPI Command Reference 137 VOLTage DC RANGe AUTO SENSe VOLTage DC RANGe AUTO lt mode gt enables or disables the autorange function for DC voltage measurements Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt mode gt boolean OFF O ON 1 none Comments You can substitute decimal values for the OFF 0 and ON 1 parameters When autoranging is ON the multimeter samples the input before each measurement and selects the appropriate range If you explicitly select a range using VOLTage DC RANGe autoranging is turned OFF In order to specify an aperture time of 10s you must select a fixed range e g VOLT DC RANG AUTO OFF Related Commands CONFigure VOLTage RANGe e RST Condition VOLT DC RANG AUTO ON Example Disable Autoranging VOLT DC RANG AUTO OFF Disable autorange VOLTage DC RANGe AUTO SENSe VOLTage DC RANGe AUTO returns a number to show whether the autorange mode is enabled or disabled 1 ON 0 OFF The value is sent to the output buffer Example Query the Autorange Mode VOLT DC RANG AUTO OFF Disable autorange VOLT DC RANG AUTO Query multimeter to return autorange mode enter statement Enter value into computer 138 SCPI Command Reference Chapter 3 VO
106. The 4152A Multimeter is a VXIbus interrupter However there is no interrupt priority level setting to be made on the module Interrupt priority level setup and activation are configured on the resource manager which is the interface to the VXIbus and contains any instrument drivers required to communicate with a VXI module Your resource manager could be a VXI command module embedded PC controller the PC based VXLink Interface ISA to VXI the VXI MXIbus interface or another VXI controller Setting the Line Frequency Reference Checking the Line Chapter 1 Frequency Reference You must set the line frequency reference to the line frequency of the power source to your mainframe for maximum normal mode rejection NMR NMR is the multimeter s ability to reject power line frequency noise in a DC voltage or ohms measurement You should set the multimeter s line frequency reference to the exact power line frequency 50 60 or 400Hz Failure to set the line frequency reference to that of your source will cause reading errors You use the CALibration LFRequency command to set the line frequency reference The default setting at power on is 60Hz If you use 50Hz or 400Hz you need to set the line frequency reference for maximum NMR Specifying 400Hz actually sets the line frequency reference to 50Hz since 50Hz is a sub harmonic of 400Hz Executing a CALibration LF Requency will return 50 after executing CAL LFR 400 to set the line frequency
107. The Instrument This section contains example programs that demonstrate several applications using the 4152A Multimeter The examples described in this section list only the SCPI commands see Chapter 3 SCPI Command Reference required to perform the application The programming language is not included in print but C and Visual Basic programs are included on the VXIplug amp play driver media under the subdirectory examples Application example programs provided with the 4152A Multimeter are written using VISA Virtual Instrument Software Architecture VISA is an VO library that can be used to create instrument drivers and I O applications Application programs written with VISA function calls can use VXIplug amp play drivers or SCPI commands in systems that have the VISA VO layer VISA allows you to use software from different vendors together on the same platform VISA can be used for I O application development on Microsoft Windows 3 1 Windows 95 and Windows NT and is supported on the VXI GPIB VXI and GPIB interfaces Example programs are provided on the VXIplug amp play media These programs have been compiled and tested using Microsoft Visual C Version 1 51 for the C programs and Microsoft Visual Basic 3 0 All projects written in C programming language require the following settings to work properly Project Type QuickWin application EXE Project Files lt source code file name gt C drive VXIPNP WIN LIB
108. Using th LabVIEW Driver cocinada 10 Initial Operation esca oa E EEEE diri 11 Programming the Multimeter etorri detecte E Gauctaeess AE T E cdvenean Westacevee stevenbeviateospenentes 11 Example Perform a Self Test of the Multimeter and Read the Result ooooncnncnicnnccnonononioncnnnonnconnconcnnccnncnnnono 11 Chapter2 Using e S E Beep ees eR a Se a SRi 15 Usine This Chapter metas ai ii iii ib 15 Measurement Tutorial tr alee ale A Bien he ite Ree 15 DC Voltage Measurements estricta a a a rea e a e eaae N Ee Ai 15 Thermal BME Errors a EESTE E ee Re 15 Loadins Errors de VOM A iia ibas 16 Leakage Current Errors nie is 16 Rejecting Power Line Noise V olta ges soren uren ui til et na 17 Common Mode Rejection CMR ernennen savin cgeccenncesteed daevtes E a E EEE ORERE 17 Noise Caused by Magnetit Loops seirene ie aa iaa tre 18 NCAA 18 Resistance Measurements erat tirita init 19 4 Wire Ohms Measurement csi adv 19 Removing Field Wiring Resistance Errors in 2 Wire Ohms Measurements c ccoccoccccnconnnononnnonnnononanonnnonnonncon non nccnnconono 20 Power Dissipation Effects ninien h ir 21 Settling Lite Electric 21 Errors in High Resistance Measurements ceseesceceececssceseeceeecsseeenceceneecsecesceceueeesaeceneeceeeeeaeceaeecsueeeaeeceneeesseeeneens 21 Making High Speed DC and Resistance Measurements o ccocccnccnocnnoncnnnonncnnconnconnco nono onnnnnn rn conc rn nro nono con non acen n cn nen nccnnens 21 DC Current Measurement
109. V 100V 300V volts MIN MAX DEF AUTO lt resolution gt numeric resolution MIN MAX DEF volts To select a standard measurement range specify range as the input signal s maximum expected voltage The multimeter then selects the correct range to accept the input The AUTO or DEFault option for the range parameter enables autorange The DEF option for the resolution parameter defaults the integration time to 10 PLC The MIN and MAX parameters select the minimum or maximum values for range and resolution For range MIN 100mV MAX 300V For resolution MIN selects the best resolution the smallest value for the selected range MAX selects the worst resolution the largest value for the selected range To select autorange specify DEFault for range or do not specify a value for the range and resolution parameters In the autorange mode the multimeter samples the input signal before each measurement and selects the appropriate range To specify a MIN or MAX resolution while autoranging you must specify MEAS VOLT DC RAT DEF you cannot omit the range parameter This prevents the MIN or MAX resolution from being interpreted as a range setting and the resulting command becomes MEAS VOLT DC RAT DEF MIN or MEAS VOLT DC RAT DEF MAX Related Commands FETCh INITiate READ Example Making DC Voltage Ratio Measurements MEAS VOLT DC RAT 0 825 MAX Function DC voltage range selected 1V
110. a 0 3 Mean 4 sigma 0 006 Variations in performance from reading to reading and instrument to instrument decrease for increasing number of sigma for a given specification This means that you can achieve greater actual measurement precision for a specific accuracy specification number The 4152A is designed and tested to meet performance better than mean 4 sigma of the published accuracy specifications Transfer Accuracy Transfer accuracy refers to the error introduced by the multimeter due to noise and short term drift This error becomes apparent when comparing two nearly equal signals for the purpose of transferring the known accuracy of one device to the other 24 Hour Accuracy The 24 hour accuracy specification indicates the multimeter s relative accuracy over its full measurement range for short time intervals and within a stable environment Short term accuracy is usually specified for a 24 hour period and for a 1 C temperature range 90 Day and 1 Year Accuracy These long term accuracy specifications are valid for a 23 C 5 C temperature range These specifications include the initial calibration errors plus the multimeter s long term drift errors Temperature Coefficients Accuracy is usually specified for a 23 C 5 C temperature range This is a common temperature range for many operating environments You must add additional temperature coefficient errors to the accuracy specification if
111. a E A ea ESA 69 Example ssc de se Succi sss cas lc Sie ach scion beeen heats id ias dido 70 A RN 70 A NN 70 NS NOR 70 COMME A iaa 70 Example ot is 70 VADO iia ls aa tana io aaa conbva ine O RES 70 Example sico is ia iia cis 70 ZERO AUTO osc east E cinco scab Sn tee AI MAIS oe ST eed ere diria eae aay 71 Parameters O O ORO RN 71 COMMENTS ii a A Web ponoe dey reis Reena aaa T 71 LERO AUTO Mitos alest 71 CAID AHON A ao Ei sles A elec sacha de iG A tot hove HR cate Peale As 72 COMMMENIS Aa 72 EXAMPLE RS NN 12 CONE BURG unit ii 73 ISA O 73 CURRED AC Vacio tele tobe sates icudn ds cues vos ebabe de ds este adobessethas nea an Rai erro tada 75 Parameters ia ir iia eaea 75 Contents iv CAM o ee a a 75 Example sd A tii 75 CURRADO diana 76 PMA inciden 76 COMME aia a 76 Example in Ai 76 FREQUENCY adi 77 PAPAIN E id AA ae EEEE A tg SOUR aN ea Bee aN es Ha NN a Baan OMS ea Baa aN Sea ERE 71 Comme E E E E AT LESES ASE EEEE EEE E A EE EE AAS 71 SHRESISCANGCE E REAPER PERSEE OE EE E E EEEE E O EEE TE ENE O EE EE EAO EEOAE 78 PAM RS SREST EE AESA E EA EE A AE EE EE SESE 78 COMMENHS E E A ec 78 Example tn Stack She tii E A a E EAER 78 SPELRIOG conti a datado det 79 NN 79 A NS 79 SRES Stance a a O o e es eek a tae ead ea eats Estee as 80 E E AETS A A Wade aa sb dong due A bed EE 80 TIMMS NES set cist cs E EEE ease O A A Re as 80 Example snee NN 80 EVOL PARC AC a ci prin 81 Parameters clic dca EA A RE ce Riess soe ce eve sauce coed es
112. a ces te cco eds ioe Ra dese ao ua dns nda dci 44 MEASURED Soutce Code File s rissie tases ironia tases antes tee ies 44 Use the MEAS Command to Make a Single Measurement cococonccnocnonnnonnnnnnonnnnnonncnnnonaconoco nono nnn conc cnn nnn ran crn nono 44 Contents ii Cr a a es 44 MEASURE Source Code Bile sedeo e ea e EEE AE dci 44 Making Externally Triggered Measurements multiple triggers samples oooonncnnncnoncnccnonnnoncncncnnonoconncnnccnncnnono 44 COMME oaeee aoa e E ENE S AA T E E E E E A R E E SR 44 MEASURES3 Source Code File unica a 45 Maximizing Measurement Speed no trigger delay short integration time oooonncnnnnnoninononnconccnncononanonnnanananonns 45 Cr e e Ses 45 MEASURE4 Source Code File vor spbeuswevesvegesoshieeeteneshiccsaetubiy scoenes Mevseense Maes seen E E EER 46 Maximizing Accuracy most accurate resolution longer integration time eee eee eseeeeeceee cee ceseeseeneeesees 46 COMICS e tt A EEE EAE EEEE tE eiii 46 Synchronizing the Multimeter With a Switch Module oooconccnicnnccnoononnconncanonnconncnnocnnconocnnonnonononn cnn ono nrnn cnn non nc rnccnnconoo 47 AISZA SCAN Source Code Ple is 48 Multimeter Status System Examples o oo cee ceeesecsesecseceseeseceseeseceeeeceeeseeseecsecsaecsecsacaecsceseseeeeeseaseseseaecaeesaeesaeeaes 49 SYNCHOPGE Source Code FUE eee eee e eee e int 50 SYNCHMAV Source Code File sh olla 51 LIMITTST Source Code File ceccoconicinicoddcinensdnas ere aitoris eis hse
113. age changes due to temperature For maximum reading speed turn autozero off This will more than double your reading speeds for de voltage resistance and de current functions Autozero does not apply to other measurement functions Chapter 2 Using The Instrument 21 DC Current Measurement Errors When you connect the multimeter in series with a test circuit to measure current a measurement error is introduced The error is caused by the multimeter s series burden voltage A voltage is developed across the wiring resistance and current shunt resistance of the multimeter as shown below ES REAL AND A OO 1 Vs source voltage Rg DUT source resistance WN STOW Vb multimeter burden voltage R multimeter current shunt True RMS AC Measurements 22 Using The Instrument True RMS responding multimeters like the 4152A measure the heating potential of an applied signal Unlike an average responding measurement a true RMS measurement can be used to determine the power dissipated in a resistance even by non sinusoidal signals The power is proportional to the square of the measured true RMS voltage independent of waveshape An average responding ac multimeter is calibrated to read the same as a true RMS meter for sinewave inputs only For other waveform shapes an average responding meter will exhibit substantial errors as shown below Waveform Average Shape AC RMS AC DC RMS Responding Error C
114. al checksum failed RES corrections Cal checksum failed FRES corrections Cal checksum failed AC corrections Cal checksum failed GP IB address Cal checksum failed internal data Racal 4152A Multimeter Error Messages 179 Notes 180 Racal 4152A Multimeter Error Messages Appendix B Appendix C Measurement Speed and Accuracy Trade offs The 4152A Multimeter was designed so the default mode of operation will deliver high accuracy readings with a minimum of programming effort However many applications require high speed measurements This appendix discusses two topics 1 special non SCPI function F1 F2 F3 and F4 and range R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 and R7 commands used to speed up measurement setup and 2 how to increase measurement speed where reduced reading accuracy is acceptable 4152A Special Function and Range Commands Non SCPI The 4152A Multimeter has special function and range commands for DCV DCI 2 wire resistance RES and four wire resistance FRES shown in the following table ACV ACI frequency or period functions are not supported with these special commands Special Function and Range Commands RANGE FUNCTION R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 F1 DCV 0 1V 1V 10V 100V F2 DCI 0 01A 0 1A 1A 3A F3 RES 1002 1KQ 10KQ 100KQ 1MQ 10MQ 300V 100MQ F4 FRES 100Q 1KQ 10KQ 100KQ 1MQ 1
115. alibrated for O error A PEL va The multimeter s ac voltage and ac current functions measure the ac coupled true RMS value This is in contrast to the actdc true RMS value shown above Only the heating value of the ac components of the input waveform are measured dc is rejected For non offset sinewaves triangle waves and square waves the ac and ac dc values are equal since these waveforms do not contain a de offset Non symmetrical waveforms such as pulse trains contain de voltages which are rejected by ac coupled true RMS measurements An ac coupled true RMS measurement is desirable in situations where you are measuring small ac signals in the presence of large dc offsets such as when measuring ac ripple present on dc power supplies There are situations however where you might want to know the ac dc true RMS value You can Chapter 2 determine this value by combining results from de and ac measurements as shown below You should perform the de measurement using at least 10 power line cycles of integration 6 digit mode for best ac rejection RMS ac de Jac de Crest Factor Errors A common misconception is if an ac multimeter is a true RMS instrument n on sinusoidal the multimeter s sinewave accuracy specifications apply to all waveforms E Actually the shape of the input signal can dramatically affect measurement inputs accuracy A common way to describe signal waveshapes is crest factor C
116. alue t shield to ground gt to reduce noise m To prevent ground loops Do Not connect shield at source Dual Current Flow to L Twisted shielded pair Figure 1 7 2 Wire Ohms Measurement Connections Racal Instruments Dual Banana Plug Dual Banana Plug Unknown Resistance Figure 1 8 4 Wire Ohms Measurement Connections Getting Started 7 Current Fuse Check for blown current fuse if you are unable to make current measurements Replace fuse with Cooper Industries Inc P N GDA 3 15 Figure 1 9 Current Measurement Connections Installing The Drivers Definitions and Notation Using the VXlplug amp play Installation Disks Installing the VXIplug play Installation Disks Getting Started 8 The Racal Instruments 4152A Digital Multimeter comes with VXIplug play Installation Disks P N 921542 as well as a LabVIEW driver P N 921398 059 VPNPDIR is the VXIPNP installation directory defaults to c vxipnp operating system where operating system is the operating system of the target computer LVDIR is the LabVIEW installation directory It defaults to c labview vi lib drivers VXI Logical Address The logocal address set by a VXI module GPIB VXI Primary Address The primary address set by the GPIB VXI Slo
117. ant effects can be quite long Some precision resistors and multi function calibrators use large parallel capacitors 1000pF to 0 1 UF with high resistor values to filter out noise currents injected by their internal circuitry Non ideal capacitances in cables and other devices may have much longer settling times than expected just by RC time constants due to dielectric absorption soak effects Errors will be measured when settling after the initial connection and after a range change When you are measuring large resistances significant errors can occur due to insulation resistance and surface cleanliness You should take the necessary precautions to maintain a clean high resistance system Test cables and fixtures are susceptible to leakage due to moisture absorption in insulating materials and dirty surface films Nylon and PVC are relatively poor insulators 10 ohms when compared to PTFE Teflon insulators 1013 ohms Leakage from nylon or PVC insulators can easily contribute a 0 1 error when measuring a 1 MQ resistance in humid conditions The multimeter incorporates an automatic zero measurement procedure autozero to eliminate internal thermal EMF and bias current errors Each measurement actually consists of a measurement of the input terminals followed by a measurement of the internal offset voltage The internal offset voltage error is subtracted from the measurement for improved accuracy This compensates for offset volt
118. asurements NOTE Review the section titled Triggering the Multimeter beginning on page 35 to fully understand the triggering system The simplest measurement method is using the MEASure command which configures the function to be measured initiates the measurement s and places the reading s directly into the output buffer You then must provide the I O construct to retrieve the readings and enter them into the computer One MEASure command will initiate multiple measurements if the trigger count or the sample count is greater than 1 The measurement process stops when the output buffer fills if readings are not retrieved fast enough The measurement process restarts when there is again room to store readings in the output buffer The READ command requires that you configure the multimeter for the function you want to measure prior to issuing the command The command initiates the measurement s and places the reading s directly into the output buffer like the MEASure command You then must provide the I O construct to retrieve the readings and enter them into the computer One READ command will initiate multiple measurements if the trigger count or the sample count is greater than 1 The measurement process stops when the output buffer fills if readings are not retrieved fast enough The measurement process restarts when there is room to store readings in the output buffer The READ command is broken down into two operations with the
119. ate aa ere 81 o NN 81 Example comi sic MARA asa ceda dsd ida ciencia te 81 EVOL Pace DC Ni ateos 82 Parameters O O EA E bas Sue E E 82 o O No 82 Example c nico tod ene 82 EVOETaseEDEJERATIO Lati iii E easier ova danilo aiii 83 NN 83 o A ANO 83 CONFiguie cacon lor sido 84 SUbSY Stem Mt ii il te 84 A O O 84 Example coca sr 84 DATA AA Id a A A A E I do eee 85 SUDSYSlSMS VOLAK iii tad desa pei is 85 BOINA 85 SN A ETE E EEE E E AEE AA E ATE ee 85 IS We ces ene EE E EEE E E E OO 86 SUSY Md ia 86 A A O NO 86 Example nonen e E a si teetsGup E eeepc E E E E TRESS 86 NAAA RO 87 SUDSY Stem Md ii tail ri pi at eii ais 87 eM Mediate o a A ae 87 ESTE E EE A E Pda dee Ed ecos dls rele eo EMOTE pes OTe ease 87 Example ivonne aldo desidia cdi ida fido 87 TIN PUGS a e a ds Pete O O ae A ee AE ea 88 Subsystem Syntax A cevten sees Kers KEENE ESE a Ea SOO SROS aE Sro EOT RESTE ISOPEN ESD EEEE Eon ETO E iG 88 M ed e AU O a EDT ON id o 88 BESET 218 611 Kod A en EET 88 Example cnica io pat iio ii pe picada 88 COMME ais 88 Contents v STi Pedanice AUTO A E 88 EXAM Plessis NN 88 MEAS U6 23 2ises soesbek cates ias 89 SUDSYSLEMLS VICAR cir iba ic aia 89 SCURRENGA CP ye fac ee diia tia il Ae av 90 A dehs oh vodueaseswes seus dsvba tence E E OENE EOE E OERE EEA TE 90 COMMS TIS a vane beeen aac Se es a i 90 Example cuanta aiii 90 CURRe nts ti aa rear 91 O 91 COMME A A A ia 91 Example Aita 91 FREQUE O r el de le has ot 92 PATAIMGLETS dada
120. cations are for 1 hour warm up at an integration time of 100 PLCs 2 Relative to calibration standards 3 20 overrange on all ranges except 300Vdc and 3A range which have 1 overrange 4 Specifications are for 4 wire ohms function or 2 wire ohms using Math Null Without Math Null add 0 2Q additional error in 2 wire ohms function 160 Racal 4152A Multimeter Specifications Appendix A DC Characteristics continued Operating Characteristics 8 Additional Noise Function PLCs Digits Readings sec Error 100 6 5 0 6 0 5 8 0 of range DCV DCI and 10 6 5 6 5 8 0 of range Resistance 1 5 5 60 50 8 0 001 of range 9 0 2 5 5 300 0 001 of range 9 0 02 45 1000 0 01 of range 9 System Speeds 10 Function Change 30 sec Range Change 65 sec Autorange Time lt 30 ms Max Internal Trigger Rate 1000 sec Max External Trigger Rate to Memory 1000 sec Additional Error with Autozero OFF Following instrument warm up at calibration temperature 1 C and lt 10 minutes 100mV 100V ranges add 0 0002 range additional error 5uV 300V range add 0 0006 range Settling Considerations Reading settling times are affected by source impedance cable dielectric characteristics and input signal changes Measurement Considerations Racal recommends the use of Teflon or other high impedance low dielectric absorption wire insulation for these measurements 5 For
121. causes the readings to be transferred to the output buffer and you must provide the I O construct to retrieve the readings and enter them into the computer Chapter 2 Using The Instrument 45 MEASURE4 Maximizing Accuracy most accurate resolution longer integration time Source Code File RST Reset the multimeter CONF VOLT DC AUTO MIN Configure for dc volts autorange minimum resolution longest integration time TRIG SOUR EXT Set trigger source to external TRIG COUN 2 Set trigger count to 2 SAMP COUN 10 Set sample count to 10 READ Initiate measurements putting them directly into output buffer retrieve them with the computer enter statement Enter reading into computer Comments The CONFigure command configures the multimeter for the function specified This CONFigure command specifies autorange and minimum resolution the smallest resolution value which is the best resolution It does not initiate the measurement Specifying a small value for resolution provides the most accurate measurements This will increase the integration time NPLCs and therefore require more time for the measurements Trigger source TRIG SOUR is set for an external trigger A trigger count TRIG COUN of 2 is set the multimeter will accept two external triggers The sample count SAMP COUN is set for 10 samples per external trigger The READ command puts the multimeter in the wait for trigger state When the first external t
122. cbutscnesvcbsnaspecnsnsbecvenvenevsepesess 39 Inserting a Trigger Delay rusia is 39 Example Inserting a Trigger Delay 0 ececeeceseeeeceeeeeeceseeseeenecscecaecaaesaecsacsaeceecseeseeeseeseseaessaecsessaecaecsaenaes 39 Default Delays evs scsi tes seats ssuetcee sf shiees sn veined as bev paria 40 Querying the Delay TIME acainn r E EE a E EE LR cue costars Irae EEE RETE NEE E A a 41 The Sample Count narradora Details 41 Example Setting the Sample Count 2 0 0 cece ceceseeeeceeceseceseeeesenecseecaecsaesaecsacsaecascseeseseseeseseaesseseaessaecaecsaeeaes 41 Checking the Sample Count usina iia p iris 41 4152A Multimeter Application Examples oo cece ce ceseecceseeeeceseceeecseescecsecsacesecsaceseceseseseeseseseaecaessaecseesaecsessaeesensees 42 VISA SOWAT iinr enee td ose sek tate asa ses 42 Example Programs enceh cesta cei ces mee ch snide seach sates a a E coveeus sata cusses ceca sutce sng du ata eadeseaus sh ended inset ces dios day 42 A O e E o as A Mee A lated Ra ESSEKS OaE SE EESAN TESE A 42 Visual Basic Prog ams voona E coeds suns EE a odas n KE EE AE EE a T EEN 42 Hardware Used iii E E ETS 43 Making Multimeter Measurements 00 0 0 eee eceseeseeseecsecsseeseceeceseeeceseeseceseseaecseesaecsecsaecascuaeesscesseseseaseseseaseaeecaeenaenaee 43 MEAS ur Comimang iss cess sc ssessepet caste sheen tea a cekde estes te sacs bt 43 ARANDA RN 43 INIT and FETC Commands eiii ds 43 Measurement Format sa errio heise renren aroen ea
123. ce The first way Measurements isto characterize your field lead resistance by shorting the leads at the DUT location and measure and record the lead resistance Then enable the math operation and store the 2 wire lead measurement value using the CALCulate NULL OFFSet lt value gt command CALC STATe must be ON to do this The following program shows SCPI examples used to store a NULL value CONF RES Set to 2 wire ohms function Short the lead resistance at the DUT location READ Measure the 2 wire ohms lead resistance Enter lead resistance value into computer CALCulate FUNCtion NULL Set math operation to NULL CALCulate STATe ON Turn math operation ON CALCulate NULL OFFSet lt value gt Store the NULL offset value Subsequent 2 wire ohms measurements will subtract the null offset value from the measurement thereby removing the lead resistance from the measurement The second way to store the 2 wire lead resistance as the NULL offset value is to let the multimeter automatically do this with the first measurement The first measurement made after CALCulate function is set to NULL and the STATe is set to ON stores the measured value as the null offset CONF RES Set to 2 wire ohms function Short the lead resistance at the DUT location CALCulate FUNCtion NULL Set math operation to NULL CALCulate STATe ON Turn math operation ON READ Measure the 2 wire ohms lead resistance Enter lead resistance value into computer The value is au
124. complete self test failed from the remote interface TST command In addition to this error more specific self test errors are also reported See also Self Test Errors following this section Too many errors The error queue is full because more than 20 errors have occurred No additional errors are stored until you remove errors from the queue The error queue is cleared when power has been off or after a CLS clear status command has been executed Query INTERRUPTED A command was received which sends data to the output buffer but the output buffer contained data from a previous command the previous data is not overwritten The output buffer is cleared when power has been off or after a RST reset command has been executed Query UNTERMINATED The multimeter was addressed to talk i e to send data over the interface but a command has not been received which sends data to the output buffer For example you may have executed a CONFigure command which does not generate data and then attempted an ENTER statement to read data from the remote interface Query DEADLOCKED A command was received which generates too much data to fit in the output buffer and the input buffer is also full Command execution continues but all data is lost Query UNTERMINATED after indefinite response The IDN command must be the last query command within a command string Example IDN SYST VERS Isolator UART framing error Isolator U
125. cted 1V MAX resolution VOLT DC RES 3E 07 Set resolution to 0 3 uV READ Place multimeter in wait for trigger state and make measurements send readings to output buffer enter statement Enter readings into computer VOLTage DC RESolution SENSe VOLTage DC RESolution MIN MAX returns one of the following numbers to the output buffer The present resolution selected if MIN or MAX is not specified Only the resolution values available on ranges set by the RANGe command are returned The resolution with the smallest value i e the best resolution for the selected range if MIN is specified The resolution with the largest value 1 e the worst resolution for the selected range if MAX is specified Chapter 3 SCPI Command Reference 139 Example ZERO AUTO Parameters Comments Example ZERO AUTO 140 Example Query the Resolution VOLT DC RES 1E 03 Set resolution to 1 mV VOLT DC RES Query multimeter to return the present resolution enter statement Enter value into computer SENSe ZERO AUTO lt mode gt enables or disables the autozero mode Autozero applies to de voltage de current and 2 wire ohms measurements only 4 wire ohms and dc voltage ratio measurements automatically enable the autozero mode Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt mode gt boolean OFFJOJON 1 ONCE none e You can substitute decimal values for the OFF 0
126. ction and Range Using the CAL VALue CAL Perform the calibration monitor the status byte to detect calibration operation complete enter statement Enter cal response into computer to verify the calibration was successful 72 SCPI Command Reference Chapter 3 CONFigure Subsystem Syntax Chapter 3 The CONFigure command subsystem configures the multimeter to perform the specified measurement with the given range and resolution CONFigure does not make the measurement after setting the configuration Executing CONFigure is equivalent to setting the multimeter configuration as follows Command Setting RANGe As specified or AUTO RESolution As specified or as a function of range integration time or NPLCs AC filter 20 Hz 300 kHz medium filter SENSe DET BAND Autozero OFF if resolution setting results in NPLC lt 1 SENSe ZERO AUTO ON if resolution setting results in NPLC gt 1 Input resistance Applies to dc voltage and is disabled for all other SENSe INP IMP AUTO functions 10MQ for all dc voltage ranges Samples per trigger 1 sample SAMP COUN Trigger count 1 trigger TRIG COUN Trigger delay AUTO Automatic delay TRIG DEL Trigger source IMM trigger signal is always true TRIG SOUR VM Complete routing OFF all trigger lines n 0 7 OUTP TTLT lt n gt STAT Math function OFF CALCulate STATe After configuring the multimeter
127. d since readings are formatted and sent to the output buffer as they are taken However the sample count and trigger count are not limited with READ since memory is not used This command causes the multimeter to start taking readings as soon as its trigger requirements are met same as the INIT command Each reading sent to the output buffer is terminated with a Line Feed LF The GPIB End or Identify EOI signal is sent with the last byte transferred If multiple readings are returned the readings are separated by commas and EOI is sent only with the last byte The output buffer capacity is 128 bytes The multimeter remains busy with a full buffer until you begin removing readings from it Readings are placed directly in the output buffer and are not stored in internal memory as with an INIT command With INIT a FETCh command is required to transfer readings from internal memory to the output buffer You may want to use the READ mode of operation when readings need to be taken at a continuous rate The rate the controller removes the readings from the multimeter needs to match the rate the multimeter puts them into the output buffer to keep from filling the output buffer The multimeter will quit making measurements until you remove readings from the output buffer and make room in the output buffer for more readings Related Commands CONFigure FETCh INITiate Example Transfer Readings Directly to Output Buffe
128. delay time than the default values shown However the shorter settling time may not produce accurate measurements Table 2 7 Default Trigger Delays Default Trigger Delays for DC Voltage and DC Current all ranges Integration Time Trigger Delay NPLC gt 1 1 5ms NPLC lt 1 1 0ms Default Trigger Delays for 2 Wire and 4 Wire Resistance Range Trigger Delay Trigger Delay For NPLC gt 1 For NPLC lt 1 1009 1 5ms 1 0ms 1kQ 1 5ms 1 0ms 10kQ 1 5ms 1 0ms 100kQ 1 5ms 1 0ms 1MQ 1 5ms 10ms 10MQ 100ms 100ms 100MQ 100ms 100ms Default Trigger Delays for AC Voltage and AC Current all ranges AC Filter Trigger Delay 3Hz 300kHz filter 7 0sec 20Hz 300kHz filter 1 0sec 200Hz 300kHz filter 600ms Default Trigger Delay for Frequency and Period 1 0s Chapter 2 Querying the Delay Time The Sample Count Example Setting the Sample Count Checking the Sample Count Chapter 2 The TRIGger DELay MINimum MAXimum command returns one of the following numbers to the output buffer The present trigger delay 1 us through 3600 seconds if MIN or MAX is not specified The minimum trigger delay available 1 Us if MIN is specified The maximum trigger delay available 3600 seconds if MAX is specified The SAMPle COUNt lt number gt command designates the number of readings per trigger The number parameter sets the
129. ding 0 05 0 15 0 30 0 40 NOTE Crest Factor is not specified for non sinewave inputs lt 100Hz using the slow 3Hz AC filter See note 6 162 Racal 4152A Multimeter Specifications Appendix A AC Characteristics continued Measuring Characteristics Measurement Noise Rejection 7 AC CMRR True RMS AC Voltage Measurement Method Crest Factor AC Filter Bandwidths Input Impedance Input Protection True RMS AC Current Measurement Method Shunt Resistor Burden Voltage Input Protection Appendix A 70 dB AC coupled True RMS measures the ac component of the input with up to 300Vdc of bias on any range max AC DC 300Vrms Maximum 5 1 at full scale 3Hz 300kHz Slow filter 20Hz 300kHz Medium filter 200Hz 300kHz Fast filter IMQ 2 in parallel with 100pF 300Vrms all ranges Direct coupled to the fuse and shunt AC coupled True RMS measurement measures the ac component only 0 1Q for 1A and 3A ranges 1A range lt 1 Vrms 3A range lt 2Vrms Externally accessible 3 15A 250V Class H fuse Class H fuses are fuses with a high interrupt rating which defines a fuse s ability to safely interrupt and clear short circuits Replace the fuse with Cooper Industries Inc fuse part number GDA 3 15 3 15A 250V 5 0 mm diameter 20 0 mm long or equivalent Racal 4152A Multimeter Specifications 163 AC Characteristics continued Operating Characteristics
130. during autoranging Specify resolution in the same units as the measurement function If autoranging is required set the resolution using the MIN or MAX parameters or select a specific integration time using FRESistance NPLCycles e RST Condition FRES RES 1mQ 1E 03 FRESistance RESolution SENSe FRESistance RESolution MIN MAX returns one of the following numbers to the output buffer The present resolution selected if MIN or MAX are not specified Only the resolution values available on ranges set by the RANGe command are returned The resolution with the smallest value i e the best resolution for the selected range if MIN is specified The resolution with the largest value 1 e the worst resolution for the selected range if MAX is specified Example Query the Resolution FRES RES 0 3E 03 Set resolution to 0 3mQ FRES RES Query multimeter to return the present resolution enter statement Enter value into computer Chapter 3 SCPI Command Reference 123 PERiod APERture SENSe PERiod APERture lt time gt MIN MAX sets the integration time in seconds Values for time are rounded up to the nearest aperture time shown in the following table Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt time gt numeric 10ms 100ms MIN MAX seconds Comments MINimum sets the aperture time to 10ms MAXimum sets the aperture time to 1 second
131. e specify range as the input signal s maximum expected voltage The multimeter then selects the correct range MIN selects the minimum range available with the VOLTage DC RANGe command 100mV MAX selects the maximum DC voltage range available 300V You must select a range using VOLTage DC RANGe before specifying resolution Specifying a fixed range disables the autorange mode by setting VOLT DC RANG AUTO OFF The VOLT DC RANG command overrides the range setting from a previous CONFigure command on the same function RST Condition VOLT DC RANG 300V Example Change the Range CONF VOLT DC 0 85 MAX Function DC volts range selected 1V MAX resolution VOLT DC RANG 9 Range selected 10V MAX resolution READ Place multimeter in wait for trigger state and make measurements send readings to output buffer enter statement Enter readings into computer VOLTage DC RANGe SENSe VOLTage DC RANGe MIN MAX returns one of the following numbers to the output buffer The present voltage range selected if MIN or MAX are not specified Only the ranges available with the RANGe command are returned For example if CONFigure selects the 1V range 1 0V is the range returned The minimum voltage range available with the VOLTage DC RANGe command 100mV if MIN is specified The maximum voltage range available with the VOLTage DC RANGe command 300V if MAX is specified Example Query the Measurement Range VOL
132. e the greater the normal mode rejection and the lower the reading rate Related Commands CALibration LFRrequency RST Condition RES APER 0 166667 seconds 60Hz or RES APER 0 20000 50Hz Example Set an Aperture Time of 16 7ms RES APER 16 7E 03 Aperture time is 16 7ms RESistance APERture SENSe RESistance APERture MIN MAX returns one of the following numbers to the output buffer The present aperture time in seconds if MIN or MAX is not specified The minimum aperture time available 4 ms if MIN is specified The maximum aperture time available 1 66667s 60Hz 2s 50Hz if MAX is specified Example Query the Aperture Time RES APER 167E 03 Aperture time is 167ms RES APER Query multimeter to return aperture time enter statement Enter value into computer Chapter 3 SCPI Command Reference 127 RESistance NPLC SENSe RESistance NPLCycles lt number gt sets the integration time in power line cycles PLCs The NPLC is set to a value from the range of values that can accommodate the lt number gt you specify For example specifying 11 sets the NPLC to 100 Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt number gt numeric 0 02 0 2 1 10 100 MIN MAX PLCs Comments MINimum selects 0 02 PLCs MAXimum selects 100 PLCs Setting the integration time in power line cycles PLCs also sets the integration time and the resolution For example
133. e Racal 1260 38 128 Channel Multiplexer Module but will also work with any Racal Multiplexer module as long as the scan list is specified properly Figure 2 2 illustrates the set up The switch module multiplexer and multimeter use the VXI backplane to communicate the trigger and VM Complete signals to each other to synchronize the scan Racal 1260 00C Racal 4152A Racal 4152A Racal 1260 38 Multimeter Module Multiplexer Modu Cu tle 1250 38 C A Racal 1261B Chassis V Racal 1260 38 Multiplexer Modules Figure 2 2 Racal 4152A Multimeter and Switch Module Synchronization Chapter 2 Using The Instrument 47 4152A SCAN SCPI command sequences for the program are as follows Source Code File sw Set up the Multimeter RST Reset the multimeter CLS Clear the multimeter s status registers CONF VOLT 12 MIN Configure for dc volts 12V input min res TRIG SOUR TTLT2 Let switch closure trigger multimeter TRIG COUN 8 Multimeter will accept 8 triggers TRIG DEL 0 01 Use a 10 ms delay before each measurement OUTP TTLT1 STAT ON Output VM Complete to switch via TTLTI CALC FUNC AVER Select the math function AVERage CALC STAT ON Enable math operations OPC Wait until above commands are processed Read the re
134. e autozero mode enter statement Enter response into computer SCPI Command Reference Chapter 3 STATus Subsystem Syntax Comments PRESet The STATus subsystem reports the bit values of the Questionable Data Signal Register It also allows you to unmask the bits you want reported from the Standard Event Register and to read the summary bits from the Status Byte Register The Questionable Data Signal Register group consists of a condition register and event register and an enable register The commands in the STATus QUEStionable subsystem control and monitor these registers STATus PRESet QUEStionable CONDition ENABle lt unmask gt ENABle EVENt The STATus system contains seven registers four of which are under IEEE 488 2 control the Standard Event Status Register ESR the Standard Event Enable Register ESE and ESE the Status Byte Register STB and the Status Byte Enable Register SRE and SRE The Operational Status bit OPR Request Service bit RQS Standard Event summary bit ESB Message Available bit MAV and Questionable Data bit QUE in the Status Byte Register bits 7 6 5 4 and 3 respectively can be queried with the STB command Use the ESE command to query the unmask value for the Standard Event Status Register the bits you want logically OR d into the summary bit Query using decimal weighted bit values STATus PRESet command affects only the enable register by
135. e each measurement and selects the appropriate range To specify a MIN or MAX resolution while autoranging you must specify AUTO or DEFault for range CONF VOLT AC DEF MIN or CONF VOLT AC DEF MAX or CONF VOLT AC AUTO MIN or CONF VOLT AC AUTO MAX you cannot omit the range parameter This prevents the MIN or MAX resolution from being interpreted as a range setting Example Making AC Voltage Measurements Chapter 3 CONF VOLT AC 0 54 MAX Function AC volts range selected 1A MAX resolution 100 yA SAMP COUN 3 Take 3 readings source is IMMediate by default READ Place multimeter in wait for trigger state and make measurements send readings to output buffer enter statement Enter readings into computer SCPI Command Reference 81 VOLTage DC CONFigure VOLTage DC lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF selects the DC voltage function and allows you to specify the range and resolution Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt range gt numeric 100mV 1V 10V 100V 300V volts MIN MAX DEF AUTO lt resolution gt numeric resolution MIN MAX DEF volts Comments To select a standard measurement range specify range as the input signal s maximum expected voltage The multimeter then selects the correct range to accept the input The AUTO or DEFault option for the range parameter enables autorange The DEFault option
136. e following SCPI string TRIG COUNt 10 DELay 05 SOURce TTLT4 Linking Multiple SCPI Commands of Different Subsystems Use both a semicolon and a colon between commands of different subsystems For example a SAMPle and OUTPut command can be sent in the same SCPI string linked with a semicolon and colon as follows SAMP COUNt 10 OUTP TTLT4 ON Chapter 3 SCPI Command Reference 57 Multimeter Range and Resolution Tables The following tables list the voltage and resistance ranges available for the multimeter Also shown are the associated resolution values versus aperture time in seconds or integration time in power line cycles PLCs for each range Table 3 1 DC Voltage Resolution versus Integration Time or Aperture Time EN Integration Time in Power Line Cycles PLCs Aperture Time for 60Hz Line Frequency seconds Maximum 100 PLCs 10 PLCs 1 PLC 0 2 PLC 0 02 PLC Range Reading 1 66667s 167ms 16 7ms 3ms 0 4ms 100mV 120mV 30nV 100nV 300nV 1uV 10uV 1V 1 2V 300nV 1uV 3uV 10uV 100uV 10V 12V 3uV 10uV 301 V 1004V 1mV 100V 120V 30uV 100uV 300uV 1mV 10mV 300V 300V 300uV 1mV 3mV 10mV 100mV Table 3 2 DC Current Resolution versus Integration Time or Aperture Time 58 SCPI Command Reference fF Integration Time in Power Line Cycles PLCs Aperture Time for 60Hz Line Frequency seconds Maximum 100 PLCs 10 PLCs
137. e input signal is integrated The smaller the aperture time or NPLCs the faster the readings are taken A disadvantage to faster aperture times or smaller NPLC settings is increased noise will be present in the measured values The most common source of noise is from AC power sources The magnitude of noise from AC power sources in most cases is many millivolts If the signal being measured is large enough then the noise may not be significant However noise becomes a factor if the signal being measured is in the microvolt range The aperture time or NPLC is set as a result of specifying the lt resolution gt parameter in the MEASure or CONFigure command or by directly setting it with the SENSe FREQuency APERture or SENSe PERiod APERture command or SENSe function NPLC commands Measurement Speed and Accuracy Trade offs 185 Store the Readings in Multimeter RAM Instead of Sending them Directly to the Computer INIT FETCH READ There is a major difference between INIT FETCh and READ after a CONFigure command When the INITiate command is sent to the 4152A the multimeter will store up to 512 readings in Multimeter RAM For example CONF VOLT DC SAMP COUN 200 INIT Stores 200 readings in RAM FETC Transfers readings to output buffer The 4152A then takes the readings as soon as its trigger conditions have been satisfied and stores them in internal memory RAM For example if the trigger source is IMMediate
138. e sample count to 1 RST Condition SAMP COUN 1 Example Set the Sample Count CONF VOLT DC Function DC voltage TRIG SOUR EXT Trigger source is external BNC on multimeter front panel SAMP COUN 10 Specify 10 readings per trigger READ Place multimeter in wait for trigger state make measurement when external trigger is received send readings to output buffer enter statement Enter readings into computer 102 SCPI Command Reference Chapter 3 COUNt SAMPle COUNt MIN MAX returns one of the following numbers to the output buffer The present sample count 1 through 50 000 if MINimum or MAXimum is not specified The minimum sample count 1 if MIN is specified The maximum sample count 50 000 if MAX is specified Example Query the Sample Count SAMP COUN 10 Specify 10 readings per trigger SAMP COUN Query multimeter to return sample count enter statement Enter value into computer Enter readings into computer Chapter 3 SCPI Command Reference 103 SENSe Subsystem Syntax The SENSe command subsystem is most commonly used with CONFigure to change specific low level measurement parameters SENSe enables you to change the following measurement parameters predefined by the CONFigure command without completely reconfiguring the multimeter Function Range and Resolution Aperture Time and Number of Power Line Cycles Bandwidth Autozero SENSe FUNCtion CUR
139. e selected 3A MAX resolution 0 3mA SAMP COUN 3 Take 3 readings trigger source is IMMediate by default READ Place multimeter in wait for trigger state and make measurements send readings to output buffer enter statement Enter readings into computer 76 SCPI Command Reference Chapter 3 FREQuency Chapter 3 Parameters Comments CONFigure FREQuency lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF selects the frequency function Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt range gt numeric Hz lt resolution gt numeric 3E 04 3E 05 3E 06 Hz The frequency function uses one range for all inputs between 3Hz and 300kHz A frequency measurement returns 0 if no input is applied Range and resolution settings are listed below for the MIN MAX DEF and AUTO parameters and the settings after a module reset RST PARAMETER RANGE RESOLUTION MIN 3E 00 3E 06 MAX 3E 00 3E 04 DEF AUTO and module 3E 00 3E 05 reset RST SCPI Command Reference 77 FRESistance CONFigure FRESistance lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF selects the 4 wire ohms function and allows you to specify the measurement range and resolution Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt range gt numeric
140. earth ground If the instrument fails to operate satisfactorily shows visible damage has been stored under unfavorable conditions has sustained stress Do not operate until performance is checked by qualified personnel EC Declaration of Conformity Astronics Test Systems 4 Goodyear Irvine CA 92618 declare under sole responsibility that the 4152A Digital Multimeter P N 407654 conforms to the following Product Specifications Safety EN 61010 1 EMC CISPR 11 1990 EN 55011 1991 Group 1 Class A IEC 801 2 1991 EN 50082 1 1992 4 kV CD 8 kV AD IEC 801 3 1984 EN 50082 1 1992 3 V m 27 500 MHz IEC 801 4 1988 EN 50082 1 1992 1 kV Supplementary Information The above specifications are met when the product is installed in an Astronics Test Systems certified mainframe with faceplates installed over all unused slots as applicable The product herewith complies with the requirements of the Low Voltage Directive 73 23 EEC and the EMC Directive 89 336 EEC _ S Irvine CA June 25 1998 lity Manager This page was left intentionally blank Contents 152A User s Manual and SCPI Programmi g Guide Chapter 1 Getting Started cocino tas inensdcasinnodcne in seek sos ca sus do een ES EEEE ounce eS PE antes EU kE bute CEEE ES aeS EEEE SEEE EENE sas hgue eves bcc desd ci 1 Using This Chapter siii oil in 1 General Information cices cis teevase chats ceusecesessvacncescptetepecacsctegeetacev
141. easurement lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF FRESistance lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO Make a 4 wire ohms measurement lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF PERiod lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO Make a period measurement L lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF RESistance lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO Make a 2 wire ohms measurement lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF VOLTage AC lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO Make an AC voltage measurement L lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF VOLTage DC lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO Make a DC voltage measurement L lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF VOLTage DC RATio lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO Make a DC voltage ratio measurement lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF OUTPut TTLTrgO 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 STATe 1 0 ON OFF Send voltmeter complete to VXIbus trigger lines TTLTrgO 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 STATe Query voltmeter complete destination READ Place multimeter in wait for trigger state place readings in output buffer SAMPle COUNt 1 50000 MIN MAX Set number of readings per trigger COUNt MIN MAX Query number of readings per trigger 156 SCPI Command Reference Chapter 3 Command Description SENSe FUNCtion function FUNCtion CURRent AC RANGe lt range gt MIN MAX CURRent AC RANGe MIN MAX CURRent AC RANGe AUTO OFF ON CURRent AC RANGe AUTO CURRent AC RESolution lt resolution gt MIN MAX CURRent AC RESolution MIN MAX CU
142. easurement Autozero ONCE issues an immediate zero measurement and can be used to get an update on the zero measurement for a specific input signal measurement This helps to increase measurement speed since you update the zero reading without making zero measurements for every measurement RST Condition CALibrate ZERO AUTO ON autozero enabled CALibrate ZERO AUTO queries the autozero mode Returns 0 OFF or ONCE or 1 ON SCPI Command Reference 71 CALibration CALibration performs a calibration using the specified calibration value set by the CALibration VALue command and queries the calibration response to verify a successful calibration Comments Execution of this command begins the electronic adjustment for the function and range the multimeter is set to The adjustment is performed based on the value stated in the CAL VAL command and the multimeter expects that value at the input terminals The command returns 0 to indicate there are no calibration errors and the calibration was performed A 1 is returned if a calibration error occurs and a calibration is unable to be performed The error message is reported to the output buffer You must set CALibration SECure STATe OFF lt code gt to allow a calibration to be performed This requires that you know the calibration secure code The secure state enabled prevents unauthorized calibration of the multimeter Example Calibrate the Active Fun
143. easurements that will follow READ Measures and stores the offset value dB Measurements Each dB measurement is the difference between the input signal and a stored relative value with both values converted to dBm dB reading in dBm relative value in dBm Applies to de voltage and ac voltage measurements only The relative value is adjustable and you can set it to any value between 0dBm and 200 00dBm well beyond the multimeter s measurement capabilities Clearing the relative value The relative value is stored in volatile memory the value is cleared when power is removed after the module is reset or after a function change Using The Instrument Chapter 2 Storing the dB Do not confuse this operation with the dBm reference DBM function See Reference Value the next section dBm Measurements and take note of the multimeter s reference resistance setting dB uses a reference level dBm uses a reference resistance The dB reference value is stored in the multimeter s dB Relative Register You can enter a specific number into the register using the CALCulate DB REFerence lt value gt command Any previously stored value is replaced with the new value Use the following commands to activate the dBm function and input a reference value The calculate state must be enabled before you can store a value in the dB Relative Register CALCulate FUNCtion DB Set math function to DB CALCulate STATe ON Enable math operati
144. ec 60dB Common Mode Ideally a multimeter is completely isolated from earth referenced circuits H A However there is finite resistance between the multimeter s input LO Rejection cmr terminal and earth ground as shown below This can cause errors when measuring small voltages which are floating relative to earth ground float voltage Rs DUT source resistance imbalance pj R multimeter isolation resistance x R Error v Ret Ri 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ANA LOO 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Chapter 2 Using The Instrument 17 Noise Caused by Magnetic Loops Noise Caused by Ground Loops 18 Using The Instrument If you are making measurements near magnetic fields you should take the necessary precautions to avoid inducing voltages in the measurement conductors You should be especially careful when working near conductors carrying large currents Use twisted pair connections to the multimeter to reduce the noise pickup loop area or dress the input cables as close together as possible Also loose or vibrating input cables will induce error voltages Make sure your input cables are tied down securely when operating near magnetic fields Whenever possible use magnetic shielding materials or physical separation to reduce problem magnetic field sources When measuring voltages in circuits where the multimeter and the device under test are both re
145. eing interpreted as a range setting and the resulting command becomes MEAS CURR DC DEF MIN or MEAS CURR DC DEF MAX or use AUTO in place of DEF Related Commands FETCh INITiate READ Example Making DC Current Measurements MEAS CURR DC 1 MAX Chapter 3 Function DC current range selected 1A MAX resolution 1 0E O5SA SCPI Command Reference 91 FREQuency MEASure FREQuency lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF selects the frequency function and uses one range for all inputs between 3Hz and 300kHz Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt range gt numeric 3E 00 Hz lt resolution gt numeric 3E 04 3E 05 3E 06 Hz Comments The frequency function uses one range for all inputs between 3Hz and 300kHz Querying the range will always return 3E 00 A frequency measurement returns 0 if no input is applied Range and resolution settings are listed below for the MIN MAX DEF and AUTO parameters and after a module reset RST PARAMETER RANGE RESOLUTION MIN 3E 00 3E 06 MAX 3E 00 3E 04 DEF AUTO and module 3E 00 3E 05 reset RST 92 SCPI Command Reference Chapter 3 FRESistance MEASure FRESistance lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF selects the 4 wire ohms function and allows you to specify the measu
146. elects the slow medium or fast filter based on the bandwidth you specify The multimeter uses these three different filters which enable you to either optimize low frequency accuracy or achieve faster ac settling times on ac voltage or ac current measurements Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt bw gt numeric 3 20 200 MIN MAX none Specifying a parameter less than 200 but greater than 20 selects the 20Hz filter Specifying a parameter less than 20 but greater than 3 selects the 3Hz filter Specifying a parameter greater than 200 but not greater than 300E 03 300kHz selects the 200Hz filter Any value greater than 300kHz will cause a Data out of range error The maximum range for all three filters is 300kHz Specify the lowest frequency expected in the input signal The multimeter selects the appropriate filter based on the table below Comments The following table lists the filter frequency range and the settling time for making measurements AC Voltage or Current AC Filter Max Reading Rate for Input Frequency Selected Adequate Settling 3Hz to 300kHz Slow filter 1 reading 7 seconds 20Hz to 300kHz Medium filter 1 reading second default 200Hz to 300kHz Fast filter 10 readings second The ac filter selection is stored in volatile memory and returns to the 20Hz filter medium when power is
147. emory Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt quoted string gt discrete alphanumeric none The calibration message can contain up to 40 characters Calibration security state must be OFF to store a string The calibration message is stored in non volatile memory and does not change when power has been off or after a remote interface reset SCPI Command Reference 69 Example STRing Example VALue Comment Example VALue Example Enter Calibration Information to Record the Next Calibration Date CAL STR Cal 4 4 YY Due 10 4 YY Enter a calibration message to record the cal date of April 4 and next cal due date as October 4 YY year of due date CALibration STRing queries the calibration message and returns a quoted string or a null string if nothing is present Query the Calibration Message CAL STR Query the calibration message enter statement Enter value into computer CALibration VALue lt cal_value gt specifies the value of the known calibration signal used by the calibration procedure Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt cal_value gt numeric See the service manual none e RST does not affect the calibration value Enter the Known Value for the Calibration Source Signal CAL VAL 10 0 Enter calibration value CALibration VALue querie
148. ens este ooo aS ESAn rE Sroa ar sae STESSO E KESTEN Ero RS ENE EOR CaS rao 1 Setting the Module Address Switch nn nirera a aa A EE E ETE A E EE E EEE EE 2 A O 3 Setting the Line Frequency Reference eiii ita 3 Checking the Line Frequency Reference ooocoocnnnnnoninonioncnnconnonnnonncononenonnnnnn ono nnn cnn non nc nac nn non nc one cone nnn cone n nena nace ran nan ncnncnos 3 Multimeter Functional Connections 0 eee ce eeeeeeeeeeesseseecsecseesaececesecesceseeseceeeeceeeaecsaecaecaaecaecsaeeaecesceseeeeseeeeeeseaeeaeeas 5 Installing The Drivers lt aaa 8 Definitions and Nota re poren renee ra ae ii timevebn ad tupandl eevee enacts 8 Using the VXIplug amp play Installation Disks oo eee ec eeceeeeeeeeeceseecsecoaesaeceaeaeceeceseseeceaeeeseaeseaeeaeesaecaecsaeeneentees 8 Installing the VXIplug amp play Installation Disks o onnonccninonocicnnnoncononanonnconccnnonnocnnonnnnn non n ron non n cano nn non nc ono cn non nncnncnnnnns 8 Files Installed by the VXIplug amp play Installation Disks oooonncnnncniccnnnconconoconcnnncononannnn conc noncnn con nononon nc onn conc nncnncnnnnns 9 Running the Soft Front Panel After Installation ononoccnnnnnnnonincnononanonnconncononnncononnnnn conc ron non nrnn cnn non aran o conca nncnncnnnnns 9 Using the LabWindows CVI Driver ooooccncccocccocoonconccononnccnnonnnnnnnnn nono cnn e e nono aa EAE ae AER AS nr RRES Te EIRT 10 Installing the Lab VIEW Driver smerenie teei a E T r E R ETRE E R EEE R 10
149. ents in the loop will create error voltages across any impedances in series with the multimeter s input For this reason you should apply low level ac voltages to the multimeter through shielded cables You should connect the shield to the input LO terminal Make sure the multimeter and the ac source are connected to the same electrical outlet whenever possible You should also minimize the area of any ground loops that cannot be avoided Measurements of high impedance sources are more susceptible to noise pickup than measurements of low impedance sources You can reduce the noise pick up by placing a capacitor in parallel with the multimeter s input terminals You may have to experiment to determine the correct capacitor value for your application since this capacitance will contribute some loading error Most extraneous noise is not correlated with the input signal You can determine the error as shown below Voltage Measured N Vin Noise Correlated noise while rare is especially detrimental because it will always add directly to the input signal Measuring a low level signal with the same frequency as the local power line is a common situation prone to this error AC Turnover Errors Errors are generated when the multimeter s input LO terminal is driven with an ac voltage relative to earth The most common situation where unnecessary turnover errors are created is when the output of an ac calibrator is connected to the multimeter
150. er Use the variable associated with this number for the other driver functions by placing the variable in the Instr Handle control of the appropriate driver functions Installing the LabVIEW The following steps are required to install the LabVIEW driver Driver Insert disk P N 921398 059 into the appropriate floppy drive 2 Insert the disk labeled Disk 1 of 2 into the appropriate floppy drive 3 Go to the Start Taskbar and select Run 4 Enter drive setup exe 5 Select the appropriate installation directory 6 Follow the on screen instructions Using the LabVIEW 1 Open up LabVIEW 4 0 or higher Driver f 2 Open up the LVDIR ri4152a llb file This gets the driver Getting Started 10 Chapter 1 Initial Operation Chapter 1 Note Programming the Multimeter 3 Open up the RI4152A Initialize vi 4 In the Instrument Descriptor Section input the appropriate data Items in brackets are optional For VXI Instruments VXI board VXI logical address INSTR For GPIB VXI Instruments GPIB VXI board GPIB VXI primary address VXI logical address INSTR 5 Select the appropriate parameters for ID Query and Reset 6 Press the Run button looks like a right pointing arrow to run the RI4152A Initialize vi 7 There is now an open VISA session This VISA session can be used for future VI calls To use this VISA session a Put the mouse over the VISA Session control b Right click on the mouse
151. eriod Measurement Method Voltage Ranges Gate Time Reciprocal counting technique AC coupled input using the ac voltage measurement function 100 mV rms full scale to 300V rms Auto or manual ranges 10 ms 100 ms or 1 second Settling Considerations Errors will occur when attempting to measure the frequency or period of an input following a dc offset voltage change The input blocking RC time constant must be allowed to adequately settle up to 1 second before the most accurate measurements are possible Measurement Considerations All frequency counters are susceptible to error when measuring low voltage low frequency signals Shielding inputs from external noise pickup is critical for minimizing measurement errors Appendix A Racal 4152A Multimeter Specifications 165 Frequency and Period Characteristics continued Operating Characteristics 5 Function Frequency Period Integration Time Readings second 100 1 1 9 8 0 02 80 System Speeds 5 Configuration Rates Autorange Time Max Internal Trigger Rate Max External Trigger Rate to Memory 14 sec lt 0 6 sec 80 sec 80 sec 1 Specifications are for 1 hour warm up at 100 PLC integration time 2 Relative to calibration standards 4 Input gt 100mV For 10 mV input multiply of reading error x10 3 20 overrange on all ranges except 300Vac range which has 1 overrange 5 S
152. es the error queue is empty See Appendix B Racal 4152A Multimeter Error Messages for a list of all errors Sample turns on while the multimeter is sampling the input for a measurement The Sample indicator typically will blink Input Terminals The multimeter s front panel contains terminals for connecting input signals receiving external trigger signals and accessing the voltmeter complete pulse NOTE The outer shells of the Trig and VM Complete BNC connectors are connected to chassis as is the knurled knob above the HI terminal Figure 1 2 Multimeter Measurement Terminals Getting Started 4 Chapter 1 Multimeter Functional Connections Racal Instruments SA Triple Banana Plug AS m Connect MUX 7H i the I terminal to connect feid wi AA Sa to connect field wiring ITE ENtS to the input terminals of the Multimeter G Analog bus to MUX Dual Banana Plug HO Figure 1 3 Switch Module Analog Bus Connections Racal Instruments Figure 1 4 Frequency or Period Measurement Connections Chapter 1 Getting Started 5 Y Racal 3 Instruments onnect shield to chassis ground to reduce noi Dual ina Plug Figure 1 5 Voltage Measurement Connections sy
153. esponding resolution depends on the function and range you select The CURR DC NPLC command overrides the results of previously executed CURRent APERture or CURRent RESolution command The greater the number of PLCs the greater the normal mode rejection and the lower the reading rate Only the 1 PLC 10 PLC and 100 PLC settings provide normal mode rejection of 50Hz or 60Hz power line related noise Fractional PLC settings of 0 02 and 0 2 do not provide normal mode rejection of power line noise e RST Condition 10 PLC Example Set the DC Current Integration Time in PLCs CURR DC NPLC 100 Integration time is 100 PLCs CURRent DC NPLC SENSe CURRent DC NPLCycles MIN MAX returns one of the following numbers to the output buffer The present integration time in PLCs if MINimum or MAXimum is not specified The minimum integration time available 0 02 if MIN is specified The maximum integration time available 100 if MAX is specified Example Query the DC Current Integration Time CURR DC NPLC 100 Integration time is 100 PLCs CURR DC NPLC Query multimeter to return integration time enter statement Enter value into computer Chapter 3 SCPI Command Reference 111 CURRent DC RANGe SENSe CURRent DC RANGe lt range gt selects the range for DC current measurements Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt range gt numeric
154. ett 92 COMMITS ida TINTS 92 MPRESISCANCE dto cti 93 Rad inca coco soci is idos dd a AE Se Reese IN 93 CAM 93 Example ci awbelom A E EE etna eases E E NTE 93 PERIOD EEE AEE E E E E E E E EE NE E EE 94 lene tentel EEE BIETE A EREE AE ETA E traca 94 COMMENTS UN 94 tA ATA TE SLEE E ta tee ante elle PE E ae dd LE UA ue adosado pe RE 95 Pd e a ote Eaves eee Meee 95 GOMMIMENS Pet AEE Seectacte us osha ce os E casts caus ces Ec 95 Example ciscstesvice chick sec concen shes Eer EE cscs iio pidas elas S 95 VOL Page AGP i depa Sais se pois 96 TETEE o NR 96 COM dia isa te E AE cn Liven ttn ch treba ut AT E EES 96 Example into a is EE 96 CVOL TASER DCI ae eE a E E rte laveesuran A AS 97 l ETATE ATSI NE KAAN os cc E e E a EE EN E E o e ed 97 Comments AS AEEA ESEE cos EE e AEE AE AAA E E AA E EE EAAS 97 Example conil ia ii dd 97 eVOLT ages DC RATIOS a ii 98 Parameters A a R E A oe do subd iis wees sica 98 Comme iio o e o do 98 Example sacraro iere a sind ias irrita Le dra ai 98 OID A rat O O A 99 MISAS A NN 99 A A O ON 99 Parameters O NN 99 o DE EEEE sees Geese EAEN chase ON NE LE E E A E EEA 99 Example caricia li dd cid e BS A id eee ees Secs eae 100 AS A O TORO 100 A RN 100 PRA Tce A OA 101 SAI A NN 101 Ss A O a O TO 101 Example ccccsssececsecscuscoceetbavten seus estrene ein KE RN E EEO EVOKE EEE ET EVE e sbecpacvnpevecs snes KEE ESE TONO SE SE Eor ERE STEKES EKES 101 SAM E nasa a dec dE A dd 0 102 SAI A NN 102 COUNt oo alos a a ath OT
155. evision number and increment when functional changes are made The last two digits indicate the functional improvement level Executable when Initiated Yes Coupled Command No RST Condition none Power On Condition register is cleared OPC causes the 4152A to wait for all pending operations to complete after which the Operation Complete bit bit 0 in the Standard Event Status Register is set The OPC suspends any other activity on the bus until the multimeter completes all commands sent to it prior to the OPC command Executable when Initiated Yes Coupled Command No Related Commands OPC WAI RST Condition none 152 SCPI Command Reference Chapter 3 OPC OPC causes the 4152A to wait for all pending operations to complete A single ASCII 1 is then placed in the output queue Comments Executable when Initiated Yes Coupled Command No Related Commands OPC WAI RST Condition none RST RST resets the 4152A as follows Sets all commands to their RST state Aborts all pending operations RST does not affect The output queue The Service Request and Standard Event Status Enable Registers The enable unmasks for the Questionable Signal Registers Calibration data Comments Executable when Initiated Yes Coupled Command No RST Condition none SRE and SRE SRE lt unmask gt specifies which bits of the Status Byte Register are enabled
156. fast measurements to 6 digits for more accuracy Resolution is set by specifying the integration time in number of power line cycles NPLCs or corresponding aperture time Table 1 1 shows the correlation between NPLCs and resolution Table 1 1 Resolution of Power Line Cycles Power Line Cycles Resolution 0 02 0 0001 x Full Scale 0 2 0 00001 x Full Scale 1 0 000003 x Full Scale 10 0 000001 x Full Scale 100 0 0000003 x Full Scale Chapter 1 Getting Started 1 Setting the Module Address Switch Note Getting Started 2 The logical address switch factory setting is 24 Valid addresses are from 1 to 254 for static configuration the address you set on the switch and address 255 for dynamic configuration The 4152A supports dynamic configuration of the address This means the address is set programmatically by the resource manager when it encounters a module with address 255 that supports dynamic configuration If you install more than one multimeter each module must have a different logical address When using an HP E1405A B or HP E1406A as the VXIbus resource manager with SCPI commands the multimeter s address switch value must be a multiple of 8 This does not apply to non HP controllers e g Racal 1260 00C or embedded pc s CLOSED 1 OPEN 0 Figure 1 1 Setting the Logical Address Chapter 1 Interrupt Priority
157. ferenced to a common earth ground but at different points a ground loop is formed As shown below any voltage difference between the two ground reference points Vground causes a current to flow through the measurement leads This causes errors such as noise and offset voltage usually power line related which are added to the measured voltage The best way to eliminate ground loops is to maintain the multimeter s input isolation from earth do not connect the input terminals to ground If the multimeter must be earth referenced be sure to connect it and the device under test to the same common ground point This will reduce or eliminate any voltage difference between the devices Also make sure the multimeter and device under test are connected to the same electrical outlet whenever possible RL ANN HI RL lead resistance Ri multimeter isolation resistance Voround voltage drop on ground 7 bus Chapter 2 Resistance Measurements 4 Wire Ohms Measurements Chapter 2 The 4152A offers two methods for measuring resistance 2 wire and 4 wire ohms For both methods the test current flows from the input HI terminal and then through the resistor being measured For 2 wire ohms the voltage drop across the resistor being measured is sensed internal to the multimeter Therefore input cable resistance is also measured For 4 wire ohms separate sense connections are required Since no current flows i
158. g circuitry has a settling time constant of 0 2 seconds This time constant only affects measurement accuracy when de offset levels vary from sample to sample If maximum measurement speed is desired in a scanning system you may want to add an external de blocking circuit to those channels with significant dc voltages present This circuit can be as simple as a resistor and a capacitor Frequency and Period Measurement Errors 26 Using The Instrument The multimeter uses a reciprocal counting technique to measure frequency and period This method generates constant measurement resolution for any input frequency The multimeter s ac voltage measurement section performs input signal conditioning All frequency counters are susceptible to errors when measuring low voltage low frequency signals The effects of both internal noise and external noise pickup are critical when measuring slow signals The error is inversely proportional to frequency Measurement errors will also occur if you attempt to measure the frequency or period of an input following a dc offset voltage change You must allow the multimeter s input de blocking capacitor to fully settle before making frequency measurements Chapter 2 Measurement Configuration This section contains information to help you configure the multimeter for making measurements The parameters discussed in this section give you measurement flexibility when using the CONFigure command AC Signa
159. ge The number of digits specification is the most fundamental and sometimes the most confusing characteristic of a multimeter The number of digits is equal to the maximum number of 9 s the multimeter can measure or display This indicates the number of full digits Most multimeters have the ability to overrange and add a partial or Y digit For example the 4152A can measure 9 99999Vdc on the 10V range This represents six full digits of resolution The multimeter can also overrange on the 10V range and measure up to a maximum of 12 00000Vdc This corresponds to a 6 digit measurement with 20 overrange capability Sensitivity Sensitivity is the minimum level that the multimeter can detect for a given measurement Sensitivity defines the ability of the multimeter to respond to small changes in the input level For example suppose you are monitoring a 1mVdc signal and you want to adjust the level to within 1mV To be able to respond to an adjustment this small this measurement would require a multimeter with a sensitivity of at least 1 uV You could use a 6 digit multimeter if it has a 1Vdc or smaller range You could also use a 4 4 digit multimeter with a 10mVdc range Note that the smallest value that can be measured is different from the sensitivity for ac voltage and ac current measurements For the 4152A these functions are specified to measure down to 1 of the selected range For example the multimeter can measure dow
160. ge to assure the lowest range possible for the measurement this turns autorange off The 4152A uses an ac measurement technique that measures and removes internal offset voltages when you select a different function or range The next two sections discuss two ways these offset errors can be generated and how the multimeter deals with them If you leave the multimeter in the same range for an extended period of time and the ambient temperature changes significantly or if the multimeter is not fully warmed up the internal offsets may change This temperature coefficient is typically 0 002 of range per C and is automatically removed when you change functions or ranges When you specify a new range in an overload condition the internal offset measurement may be degraded for the selected range Typically an additional 0 01 of range error may be introduced This additional error is automatically removed when you remove the overload condition and change function or range the error remains if the function or range is not changed Chapter 2 Low Level When measuring ac voltages less than 100mV be aware that these Measurement measurements are especially susceptible to errors introduced by extraneous noise sources Exposed unshielded cabling will act as an antenna and a Errors properly functioning multimeter will measure the signals received The entire measurement path including the power line acts as a loop antenna Circulating curr
161. ger source to immediate TRIG COUN 3 Set trigger count to 3 SAMP COUN 10 Set sample count to 10 INIT INITiate command puts multimeter in wait for trigger state internal trigger immediately occurs here and measurements are stored in the multimeter s internal memory FETC Transfer measurements from the multimeter s internal memory to the output buffer and retrieve them with the computer enter statement Enter reading into computer Comments The CONFigure command configures the multimeter for the function specified This CONFigure command specifies a range parameter of 18 expected input is 18 V the multimeter sets a range to accommodate that input which will be 100V It does not initiate the measurement The autozero function is disabled to speed up the measurement process See the CALibrate ZERO AUTO command in the Command Reference for more information Trigger source TRIG SOUR is set for immediate internal triggers A trigger count TRIG COUN of 3 is set the multimeter will accept three triggers The sample count SAMP COUN is set for 10 samples per trigger The INITiate command puts the multimeter in the wait for trigger state The trigger source is IMMediate which specifies the internal trigger source This trigger occurs immediately and causes the measurement process to begin This will cause the multimeter to make 30 measurements 10 samples for each of three internal triggers The FETCh command
162. h register You can set the null value to any number between 0 and 120 of the highest range for the present function MIN 120 of the highest range MAX 120 of the highest range The null value is stored in volatile memory See the section titled Math Operations NULL Function for another way to store the offset value Set the Null Offset Value CALC FUNC NULL Set math function to NULL You may choose to set the math function after setting STATe ON CALC STAT ON Turn on math operation CALC NULL OFFS 500 Set null offset to 500 CALCulate NULL OFFSet MIN MAX queries the null value Query the Null Offset Value Set for the NULL Math Operation CALC NULL OFFS Query the null offset value CALCulate STATe OFF ON disables or enables the selected math function The state is stored in volatile memory Enable the Currently Selected Calculate Math Function CALC STAT ON The selected or default math function is enabled CALCulate STATe queries the state of the math function Returns 0 OFF or 1 ON Query Whether a Math Function State is On or Off CALC STAT Query the state 66 SCPI Command Reference Chapter 3 CALibration Subsystem Syntax COUNt Comments Example LFRequency Comments Example Chapter 3 The CALibration command subsystem allows you to enter a security code to prevent accidental or unauthorized calibrations of the multimeter When you first receive your multimeter i
163. hange functions turn off the power or perform a remote interface reset The math operations use one or more internal registers You can preset the values in some of the registers while others hold the results of the math operation The following table shows the math measurement function combinations allowed Each x indicates an allowable combination If you choose a math operation that is not allowed with the present measurement function math is turned off If you select a valid math operation and then change to one that is invalid a Settings conflict error is generated over the remote interface For null and dB measurements you must turn on the math operation before writing to their math registers Valid Math Measurement Function Combinations Measurements DCV ACV DCI ACI Q2W Q4W Freq Per Ratio AVERage X X X X X X X X X DB X X DBM X X LIMit X X X X X X X X X NULL X X Subsystem Syntax CALCulate AVERage AVERage AVERage COUNt AVERage MAXimum AVERage MINimum DB REFerence lt value gt MIN MAX DB REFerence MIN MAX DBM REFerence lt value gt MIN MAX DBM REFerence MIN MAX FUNCtion AVERage DB DBM LIMit NULL FUNCtion LIMit LOWer lt value gt MIN MAX LIMit LOWer MIN MAX LIMit UPPer lt value gt MIN MAX LIMIitUPPer MIN MAX NULL OFFSet lt value gt MIN MAX NULL OFFSet MIN MAX STATe OFF ON
164. he minimum or maximum values for range and resolution For range MIN 100mV MAX 300 V For resolution MIN selects the best resolution the smallest value for the selected range MAX selects the worst resolution the largest value for the selected range SCPI Command Reference 83 CONFigure The CONFigure command queries the multimeter to return the configuration set by the most recent CONFigure or MEASure command It returns a quoted string to the output buffer in the following format lt function gt lt parameter gt lt parameter gt Subsystem Syntax CONFigure Comments When the multimeter is configured for current voltage or resistance measurements CONFigure returns the function followed by the selected range and resolution For example CURR AC 1 000000E 00 1 000000E 05 CURR 1 000000E 00 1 000000E 05 VOLT AC 2 000000E 02 1 000000E 06 VOLT 3 000000E 02 1 000000E 06 ES 100 0000E 03 1 000000E 05 FRI RES 1 000000E 03 1 000000E 03 FREQ 3 000000 00 3 000000E 05 PER 3 333330E 01 3 333330E 06 If you specify DEF MIN or MAX for the range or resolution parameters in CONFigure or MEASure the CONFigure command returns the selected value Related Commands CONFigure MEASure Example Querying the Multimeter Configuration dimension string array Dimension computer array to store string CONF FRES 900 M
165. his program has the multimeter take 10 measurements just like SY NCHOPC Source Code File Readings are transferred to the output buffer by a FETC command The Message Available bit MAV in the status byte see Figure 2 3 on page 49 is monitored to detect when the measurements are complete and the Multimeter has readings in the output buffer Readings are retrieved by the computer when the MAV bit in the status byte indicates the measurements are complete and readings are available The Multimeter then calculates the average minimum and maximum reading Set up the Multimeter RST Reset the multimeter CLS Clear the multimeter s status registers CONF VOLT 15 Configure for dc volts expected input of 15V VOLT DC NPLC 10 Set number of power line cycles to 10 TRIG COUN 10 Multimeter will accept 10 triggers TRIG DEL 01 Use a 10ms delay before each measurement CALC FUNC AVER Select a math function CALC STAT ON Enable the math operations INIT Puts multimeter in wait for trigger state trigger source is IMM internal trigger occurs immediately and measurements are stored in multimeter internal memory FETC Transfer measurements from the multimeter internal memory to the output buffer and retrieve them with the computer Loop SPOLL read the multimeter s status byte until bit 4 MAV goes high to indicate there is a message available in the output buffer End Loop NOTE If TRIG COUN is too big FETC can timeo
166. iated messages from the error queue You can also query the SCPI version to which this instrument complies Subsystem Syntax SYSTem ERRor VERSion ERRor SYSTem ERRor returns the error numbers and corresponding error messages in the error queue See Appendix B in this manual for a listing of the error numbers messages and descriptions Comments When an error is generated by the multimeter 1t stores an error number and corresponding message in the error queue One error is removed from the error queue each time the SYSTem ERRor command is executed The errors are cleared in a first in first out order This means that 1f several errors are waiting in the queue each SYSTem ERRor query returns the oldest not the most recent error That error is then removed from the queue When the error queue is empty subsequent SYSTem ERRor queries return 0 No error To clear all errors from the queue execute the CLS command The error queue has a maximum capacity of 20 errors If the queue overflows the last error is replaced with 350 Too many errors No additional errors are accepted by the queue until space becomes available Example Reading the Error Queue SYST ERR Query the error queue enter statement Enter readings into computer VERSion SYSTem VERSion returns the SCPI version number this instrument complies Comments The information returned is in the format YYYY R where Yyyy
167. ided the multimeter is placed in the wait for trigger state using INITiate READ or MEAS When a Group Execute Trigger GET bus command or TRG common command is executed and the multimeter is not in the wait for trigger state the Trigger ignored error is generated The CONFigure and MEASure command subsystems automatically set the trigger source to TRIG SOUR IMM The READ command cannot be used if the trigger source is TRIG SOUR BUS Related Commands INITiate READ MEAS e RST Condition TRIG SOUR IMM Example Set the Sample Source CONF VOLT DC Function DC voltage TRIG SOUR EXT Trigger source is external BNC on multimeter front panel TRIG COUN 10 Multimeter will accept 10 external triggers READ Place multimeter in wait for trigger state make measurements when external trigger is received send readings to output buffer enter statement Enter readings into computer 148 SCPI Command Reference Chapter 3 SOURce TRIGger SOURce returns BUS EXT IMM or TTLTrg0 7 to show the present trigger source The quoted string is sent to the output buffer Example Query the Trigger Source TRIG SOUR EXT Trigger source is external BNC on multimeter front panel TRIG SOUR Query multimeter to return trigger source setting enter statement Enter quoted string into computer Chapter 3 SCPI Command Reference 149 IEEE 488 2 Common Command Quick Reference The table below
168. igured for the new function Organize your program so all measurements on a function are done at the same time Changing aperture times for frequency or period measurements takes a significant amount of time The easiest way to avoid aperture changes is to directly specify the aperture time This requires that you not use the MEASure command and that you not specify the optional lt resolution gt parameter in a CONFigure command Minimizing the number of command response sessions involves programming the multimeter to pace itself rather than the computer pacing the multimeter Use the external trigger mode when measuring signals routed to the multimeter from a switch module The EXTernal TRIGger input can be used to start a scan from an external signal The Racal 1260 00C s Clk out is a convenient source for an external signal A potential problem exists whereby an external trigger arrives before the multimeter is ready to start a new scan causing the trigger to be missed and no error message generated Send a OPC command to the multimeter after setting up the multimeter and prior to initiating the switch module to eliminate this problem Autozero causes the A D to alternately measure its internal zero and the external signal Autozero improves reading accuracy however it reduces reading speed by Y 184 Measurement Speed and Accuracy Trade offs Appendix C Turn Autorange OFF Decrease Aperture Time or NPLCs Setting the Res
169. ile memory The multimeter clears the values when the average function is turned on when power is turned off or after the module is reset You use the following commands to activate the average function and query the results from the group of measurements made following activation CALCulate FUNCtion AVERage Selects the average function CALCulate STATe OFF ON Activates the average function Take measurements here CALCulate AVERage MINimum Read the minimum value CALCulate AVERage MAXimum Read the maximum value CALCulate AVERage AVERage Read the average value CAL Culate AVERage COUNt Read the number of measurements NULL Relative A null measurement also called relative provides the difference between a Function stored null value and the input signal One possible application is in making more accurate two wire ohms measurements by nulling the test lead resistance Result reading null value Does not apply to the DC to DC Ratio measurements The null value is adjustable and you can set it to any value between 0 and 120 of the highest range for the present function Clearing the NULL value The null value is stored in volatile memory the value is cleared when power is removed after resetting the multimeter or after a function change Chapter 2 Using The Instrument 31 Two Ways to Store the The null value is stored in the multimeter s Null Register You can NULL Offset Value enter a specific number into the
170. iling either a HI or LO limit test Use the STAT QUES EVEN command to query the status questionable register and determine what failure occurred Sending this command also clears the questionable data register or send a Clear Status CLS command to clear the register before testing begins Chapter 2 Triggering the Multimeter Chapter 2 This section discusses the multimeter s trigger system and outlines the different triggering configurations and programming methods used to control the trigger system Keep in mind that you do not have to program the trigger system to make measurements You can avoid having to learn the information in this section by using the default trigger configuration set by MEASure and CONFigure commands However you will need the information in this section to take advantage of the flexibility of the 4152A trigger system when using the CONFigure command The multimeter s trigger system synchronizes measurements with specified internal or external events These events include software trigger commands negative going edges on the VXIbus trigger lines TTLTO TTLT7 and negative going pulses on the multimeter s external trigger Trig BNC connector The trigger system also allows you to specify the number of triggers that will be accepted the number of readings per trigger sample count and the delay between the trigger and each reading Figure 2 1 illustrates the multimeter s trigger system and the progra
171. is the year and R is the revision number within that year Chapter 3 SCPI Command Reference 143 TRIGger The TRIGger command subsystem controls the behavior of the trigger system The subsystem can control The number of triggers to occur before the multimeter returns to the idle state TRIGger COUNt The delay between trigger and measurement TRIGger DELay The source of the trigger TRIGger SOURce Subsystem Syntax TRIGger COUNt lt number gt MIN MAX INFinite COUNt MIN MAX DELay lt seconds gt MIN MAX DELay MIN MAX DELay AUTO OFF ON DELay AUTO SOURce BUS IMMediate EXTernal TTLTrg0 7 SOURce COUNt TRIGger COUNt lt number gt sets the number of triggers to be issued Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt number gt numeric 1 through 50 000 none MIN MAX INF Comments MIN selects 1 trigger MAX selects 50 000 triggers If MAX or 50 000 is specified for the number parameter the command will be accepted If you initiate measurements with an INITiate command an Insufficient memory error occurs to show that this generates too many readings to store in memory However you can use the READ command to return the readings to the output buffer and retrieve them with your controller The READ command is a combined INITiate and FETCh command CONFigure and MEASure set the trigger count to 1 e RST
172. l Filter The 4152A Multimeter has three different ac filters which enable you to either optimize low frequency accuracy or achieve faster ac settling times for ac voltage or ac current measurements Only these functions use the ac filter Table 2 4 AC Signal Filters AC Voltage or Current AC Filter Max Reading Rate for Input Frequency Selected Adequate Settling 3 Hz to 300 kHz Slow filter 1 reading 7 seconds 20 Hz to 300 kHz Medium filter 1 reading second 200 Hz to 300 kHz Fast filter 10 readings second NOTE These reading rates account for only the AC filters behavior See Page 26 for the effect of DC blocking circuitry The ac filter selection is stored in volatile memory Default is the medium filter 20Hz 300kHz at power on or after a module reset The CONFigure and MEASure lt function gt commands automatically select the medium 20Hz filter Use the SENSe DETector BANDwidth 3 20 200 MIN MAX command to change the ac filter selection following a CONFigure command The MIN parameter will select the 3Hz filter and the MAX parameter will select the 200Hz filter DC Input The 4152A Multimeter s input resistance is normally fixed at 10M for all dc voltage ranges to minimize noise pickup You can set the input resistance Resistance to greater than 10GQ for the 100mVdc 1Vdc and 10Vdc ranges to reduce the effects of measurement loading errors You select increased input resista
173. library file VPNPDIR lib msc ri4152a lib Microsoft Visual C library file In order to run the Racal Instruments 4152A Soft Front Panel the following steps must be performed 1 Go to the Start Taskbar 2 Goto Programs 3 Goto VXIPNP 4 Select ri4152a 32 bit Front Panel 5 It now runs the Racal Instruments 4152A 32 bit soft front panel Chapter 1 Getting Started 9 Using the In order to use the Racal Instruments 4152A LabWindows CVI Driver the LabWindows CVI Driver following steps must be performed 1 Open up LabWindows CVI 4 0 or higher 2 Load the driver by performing the following steps a In the Instrument Menu Bar select Load b Make sure you are in the VPNPDIR ri4152a directory c Find the file labeled ri4152a fp select 1t and press Load 3 Execute the driver by performing the following steps a In the Instrument Menu Bar select RI4152A Digital Multimeter b Select the Initialize function panel and press Select The RI4152A should appear c In the Instrument Descriptor Section input the appropriate data Items in brackets are optional For VXI Instruments VXI board VXI logical address INSTR For GPIB VXI Instruments GPIB VXI board GPIB VXI primary address VXI logical address INSTR d Select the appropriate parameters for idQuery and doReset e Run the function panel by going into the Code and selecting Run Function panel f You will now get an instrument handle numb
174. lphabetically by subsystem and also within each subsystem SCPI Command Reference 59 ABORt The ABORt command subsystem removes the multimeter from the wait for trigger state and places it in the idle state ABORt is only effective when the trigger source is TRIGger SOURce BUS Subsystem Syntax ABORt Example Aborting a Measurement CONF VOLT DC Function DC voltage TRIG SOUR BUS Trigger source is BUS trigger INIT Place multimeter in wait for trigger state ABOR Abort waiting for a trigger and place multimeter in idle state Comments ABOR does not affect any other settings of the trigger system When the INITiate command is sent the trigger system will respond as it did before ABORt was executed ABORt returns the multimeter to the idle state for TRIGger SOURce BUS The Trigger ignored error is generated when a Group Execute Trigger GET bus command or TRG common command is executed after an ABORt command which puts the multimeter into the idle state Related Commands NITiate TRIGger e RST Condition After a a RST the multimeter acts as though an ABORt has occurred 60 SCPI Command Reference Chapter 3 CALCulate There are five math operations available AVERage DB DBM LIMit and NULL only one can be enabled at a time Each performs a mathematical operation on every reading or stores data on a series of readings The selected math operation remains in effect until you disable it c
175. math operation CALC LIM LOW 1000 Set the lower limit CALC FUNC LIM Select the LIMit math operation You can select the calculate function at any time before or after enabling the calculate state CALCulate LIMit LOWer MIN MAX queries the lower limit Query the Lower Limit Set for the LIMit Math Operation CALC LIM LOW Query the lower limit CALCulate LIMit UPPer lt value gt MIN MAX sets the upper limit for limit testing You can set the value to any number between 0 and 120 of the highest range for the present function MIN 120 of the highest range MAX 120 of the highest range You must turn on the math operation e g execute CALC STAT ON before writing to the math register The upper limit is stored in volatile memory Set the Upper Limit CALC STAT ON Turn on the math operation CALC LIM UPP 3000 Set the upper limit CALC FUNC LIM Select the LIMit math operation You can select the calculate function at any time before or after enabling the calculate state CALCulate LIMit UPPer MIN MAX queries the upper limit Query the Upper Limit Set for the LIMit Math Operation CALC LIM UPP Queries the upper limit SCPI Command Reference 65 NULL OFFSet Example NULL OFF Set Example STATe Example STATe Example CALCulate NULL OFFSet lt value gt MIN MAX stores a null value in the multimeter s Null Register You must turn on the math operation e g execute CALC STAT ON before writing to the mat
176. mit test operation enables you to perform pass fail testing against 34 Using The Instrument limits you specify using the CALCulate LIMit UPPer and LOWer commands Applies to all measurement functions You can set the upper and lower limits to any value between 0 and 120 of the highest range for the present function The upper limit selected should always be a more positive number than the lower limit The default upper and lower limits are both 0 The upper and lower limits are stored in volatile memory the multimeter sets both limits to 0 when power is removed from the multimeter after the multimeter is reset or after a function change You can configure the multimeter to generate a request for service SRQ on the first occurrence of a failed reading See the Status System Register Diagram in Figure 3 1 on page 142 Bits 11 and 12 of the Questionable Data Register provide the high and low limit error signals that can be enabled in the status byte to generate the request for service Use the following commands to activate the LIMit function and input upper and lower limit values The calculate state must be enabled before you can store a value in the Upper Limit and Lower Limit Registers CALCulate FUNCtion LIMit CALCulate STATe ON CALCulate LIMit UPPer lt value gt CALCulate LIMit LOWer lt value gt The STATus QUEStionable CONDition register will indicate when an upper or lower limit has been exceeded fa
177. mmand Reference 95 VOLTage AC MEASure VOLTage AC lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF selects the AC coupled RMS voltage function and allows you to specify the range and resolution see range versus resolution table at start of chapter Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt range gt numeric 0 1V 1V 10V 100V 300V volts MIN MAX DEF AUTO lt resolution gt numeric resolution MIN MAX DEF volts Comments To select a standard measurement range specify range as the input signal s maximum expected voltage The multimeter then selects the correct range to accept the input The AUTO or DEFault option for the range parameter enables autorange The DEF option for the resolution parameter defaults the integration time to 10 PLC The MIN and MAX parameters select the minimum or maximum values for range For range MIN 0 1V MAX 300V For resolution MIN selects the best resolution the smallest value for the selected range MAX selects the worst resolution the largest value for the selected range See Table 3 4 on page 59 for valid resolution choices for each range To select autorange specify DEF for range or do not specify a value for the range and resolution parameters In the autorange mode the multimeter samples the input signal before each measurement and selects the appropriate range To specify a MIN or MAX
178. mming commands that control the trigger system The multimeter operates in one of two trigger states When you are configuring the multimeter for measurements the multimeter must be in the idle state After configuring the multimeter the multimeter must be placed in the wait for trigger state IDLE STATE Until a MEA READ or IN Command is YES e NO WAIT FOR TRIGGER STATE ExTernal or TTLTOTTLT7 WAIT FOR names MM t HARDWARE TRIGGER J ee A BUS Wait fora GPIB GETor NO TRIGger DELay MEASUREMENT ACTION J Figure 2 1 Multimeter Triggering Flow Chart Using The Instrument 35 Triggering the multimeter is a multi step process that offers triggering flexibility 1 You must configure the multimeter for the measurement by selecting the function range resolution etc 2 You must specify the source from which the multimeter will accept the trigger The multimeter will accept a BUS trigger from the VXIbus an external trigger from the front panel Trig BNC connector or an immediate trigger from the multimeter s internal trigger system 3 You must make sure that the multimeter is ready to accept a trigger from the specified trigger source this is called the wait for trigger state by issuing a READ or INIT command A MEASure command always uses an immediate trigger see the flow chart in
179. mputer VOLTage AC RANGe AUTO SENSe VOLTage AC RANGe AUTO lt mode gt enables or disables the autorange function for AC voltage measurements Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt mode gt boolean OFF O ON 1 none Comments You can substitute decimal values for the OFF 0 and ON 1 parameters When autoranging is ON the multimeter samples the input before each measurement and selects the appropriate range If you explicitly select a range using VOLTage AC RANGe autoranging is turned OFF In order to specify an aperture time of 10s you must select a fixed range e g VOLT RANG AUTO OFF Related Commands CONFigure VOLTage RANGe RST Condition VOLT AC RANG AUTO ON Example Disable AC Voltage Autoranging VOLT AC RANG AUTO OFF Disable autorange VOLTage AC RANGe AUTO SENSe VOLTage AC RANGe AUTO returns a number to show whether the AC voltage autorange mode is enabled or disabled 1 ON o OFF The value is sent to the output buffer Example Query the Autorange Mode VOLT AC RANG AUTO OFF Disable autorange VOLT AC RANG AUTO Query multimeter to return autorange mode enter statement Enter value into computer Chapter 3 SCPI Command Reference 133 VOLTage AC RESolution SENSe VOLTage AC RESolution lt resolution gt selects the resolution for AC voltage measurements See Table 3 4 on page 59 to avoid
180. ms its officers employees subsidiaries affiliates and distributors harmless against all claims arising out of a claim for personal injury or death associated with such unintended use FOR YOUR SAFETY Before undertaking any troubleshooting maintenance or exploratory procedure read carefully the WARNINGS and CAUTION notices RISK OF ELECTRICAL SHOCK human life and safety and is capable of inflicting A CAUTION This equipment contains voltage hazardous to Q SENSITIVE ELECTRONIC DEVICES DO NOT OPEN personal injury If this instrument is to be powered from the AC line mains through an autotransformer ensure the common connector is connected to the neutral earth pole of the power supply Before operating the unit ensure the conductor green wire is connected to the ground earth conductor of the power outlet Do not use a two conductor extension cord or a three prong two prong adapter This will defeat the protective feature of the third conductor in the power cord Maintenance and calibration procedures sometimes call for operation of the unit with power applied and protective covers removed Read the procedures and heed warnings to avoid live circuit points Before operating this instrument 1 Ensure the proper fuse is in place for the power source to operate 2 Ensure all other devices connected to or in proximity to this instrument are properly grounded or connected to the protective third wire
181. must select a range using FRESistance RANGe before specifying resolution Specifying a fixed range disables the autorange mode set by the FRES RANG AUTO command The FRES RANG command overrides the range setting from a previous CONFigure command on the same function The multimeter uses the same aperture time to set the resolution on the new range as was selected by CONFigure RST Condition FRES RANG 1kQ 1E 03 Example Set Four Wire Resistance Range to 10MQ FRES RANG 1E 07 4 wire resistance range is 10MQ FRESistance RANGe SENSe FRESistance RANGe MIN MAX returns one of the following numbers to the output buffer The present resistance range selected if MIN or MAX is not specified The minimum resistance range available 100Q if MIN is specified The maximum resistance range available 100MQ if MAX is specified Example Query the Measurement Range FRES RANG 100 Select 100Q range FRES RANG Query multimeter to return the present range enter statement Enter value into computer Chapter 3 SCPI Command Reference 121 FRESistance RANGe AUTO SENSe FRESistance RANGe AUTO lt mode gt enables or disables the autorange function for 4 wire resistance measurements Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt mode gt boolean OFF O ON 1 none Comments You can substitute decimal values for the OFF 0 and ON 1 parameters
182. n that the operation has completed The Multimeter then calculates the average minimum and maximum reading Set up the Multimeter RST Reset the multimeter CLS Clear the multimeter s status registers ESE 1 Enables bit 0 of the multimeter s standard event register CONF VOLT 15 Configure for dc volts expected input of 15V VOLT DC NPLC 10 Set number of power line cycles to 10 TRIG COUN 10 Multimeter will accept 10 triggers TRIG DEL 01 Use a 10ms delay before each measurement CALC FUNC AVER Select the math function AVERage CALC STAT ON Enable math operations INIT Puts multimeter in wait for trigger state trig source is IMM internal trigger occurs immediately and measurements are stored in multimeter internal memory OPC Waits for all measurements to complete then sets bit 0 in the standard event register the operation complete bit Loop SPOLL read the multimeter s status byte until bit 5 ESB goes high End Loop FETC Transfer measurements from the multimeter internal memory to the output buffer and retrieve them with the computer Retrieve the AVERage math operation response from the multimeter CALC AVER AVER Retrieve the average measurement value CALC AVER MAX Retrieve the maximum measurement value CALC AVER MIN Retrieve the minimum measurement value Check the multimeter for system errors SYST ERR Retrieve the system error response from the multimeter Chapter 2 SYNCHMAV T
183. n the HI LO Sense terminal cables the resistances in these cables do not give a measurement error The errors discussed previously for dc voltage measurements also apply to resistance measurements Additional error sources unique to resistance measurements are discussed in the following sections The 4 wire ohms method provides the most accurate way to measure small resistances Errors due to test cable resistances and contact resistances are reduced using this method Four wire ohms is often used in automated test applications where long cable lengths numerous connections or switches exist between the multimeter and the device under test The recommended connections for 4 wire ohms measurements are shown below r a 8 I a HILO I p I a I ia e I pea o Sense I Fa I I 5 meter Ideal Wise i i Itest Meter US i I _ LO Sense I p I I l A LO I I Lo se ee ee a Using The Instrument 19 Re moving Field Field wiring can cause an offset error in 2 wire resistance measurements ase You can use the following procedure to minimize offset errors associated Wiring Resistance with field wiring resistance in 2 wire ohms measurements You short the Errors field wiring at the DUT location and measure the 2 wire lead resistance i Wi This value is subtracted from subsequent DUT 2 wire ohms measurements in 2 Wire Ohms There are two ways to effectively null out the lead resistan
184. n to 1 mVac on the 100 mVac range Resolution Resolution is the numeric ratio of the maximum measurable value divided by the minimum measurable value on a selected range Resolution is often expressed in percent parts per million ppm counts or bits For example a 6 4 digit multimeter with 20 overrange capability can make a measurement with up to 1 200 000 counts of resolution This corresponds to about 0 0001 1 ppm of full scale or 21 bits including the sign bit All four specifications are equivalent 170 Racal 4152A Multimeter Specifications Appendix A Accuracy Accuracy is a measure of the exactness to which the multimeter s measurement uncertainty can be determined relative to the calibration reference used Absolute accuracy includes the multimeter s relative accuracy specification plus the known error of the calibration reference relative to national standards such as the U S National Institute of Standards and Technology To be meaningful the accuracy specifications must be accompanied with the conditions under which they are valid These conditions should include temperature humidity and time There is no standard convention among multimeter manufacturers for the confidence limits at which specifications are set The table below shows the probability of non conformance for each specification with the given assumptions Specification Criteria Probability of Failure Mean 2 sigma 4 5 Mean 3 sigm
185. nce using the INPut IMPedance AUTO ON command and this applies to the de voltage function only Table 2 5 DC Voltage Input Resistance DC Input Resistance DC Input Resistance 100mV 1V 10V Ranges 100V and 300V Ranges INP IMP AUTO OFF 10MQ 10MQ DEFAULT INP IMP AUTO ON gt 10GQ 10MQ The input resistance setting is stored in volatile memory INPut IMPedance AUTO OFF is set at power on and after a module reset The CONFigure command and the MEASure lt function gt command automatically turn AUTO OFF Use INPut IMPedance AUTO ON after a CONFigure command to set it ON Chapter 2 Using The Instrument 27 Resolution 28 Using The Instrument Resolution is expressed in terms of the number of digits the multimeter can measure You can set the resolution to 41 5 or 6 digits by specifying the integration time PLCs or aperture time which is the period the multimeter s analog to digital A D converter samples the input signal for a measurement To increase measurement accuracy and improve noise rejection specify more PLCs longer integration time To increase measurement speed specify fewer PLCs shorter integration time This applies to all measurement functions The resolution for math operations is the same resolution for the measurement function being measured Table 2 6 illustrates the correlation between Number of Power Line Cycles and Resolution See the tables for detailed cros
186. nd a device clear to the multimeter Cal value out of range The specified calibration value CAL VALue is invalid for the present function and range Cal signal measurement out of range The specified calibration value CAL VALue does not match the signal applied to the multimeter Cal signal frequency out of range The input signal frequency for an ac calibration does not match the required input frequency for calibration 178 Racal 4152A Multimeter Error Messages Appendix B Appendix B 709 710 720 721 722 723 724 725 730 731 732 733 734 735 736 740 741 742 743 744 745 746 747 748 No cal for this function or range You cannot perform calibrations for ac current period continuity diode ratio or on the 100MQ range Full scale correction out of range Cal DCV offset out of range Cal DCI offset out of range Cal RES offset out of range Cal FRES offset out of range Extended resistance self cal failed 500V DC correction out of range Precharge DAC convergence failed A D turnover correction out of range AC flatness DAC convergence failed AC low frequency convergence failed AC low frequency correction out of range AC rms converter noise correction out of range AC rms 100th scale linearity correction out of range Cal checksum failed secure state Cal checksum failed string data Cal checksum failed DCV corrections Cal checksum failed DCI corrections C
187. ndard measurement range specify range as the input signal s maximum expected current The multimeter then selects the correct range that will accept the input The AUTO or DEFault option for the range parameter enables autorange The MIN and MAX parameters select the minimum or maximum values for range and resolution For range MIN 1A MAX 3A For resolution see Table 3 5 on page 59 for resolution choices To select autorange specify DEF for range or do not specify a value for the parameter In the autorange mode the multimeter samples the input signal before each measurement and selects the appropriate range To specify a MIN or MAX resolution while autoranging you must specify the AUTO or DEFault parameter for the range parameter as MEAS CURR AC DEF you cannot omit the range parameter This prevents the MIN or MAX resolution from being interpreted as a range setting and the resulting command becomes MEAS CURR AC DEF MIN or MEAS CURR AC DEF MAX or use AUTO in place of DEF Related Commands FETCh INITiate READ Example Making AC Current Measurements MEAS CURR AC 1 MAX Function AC Current range selected 1A MAX resolution 1 0E 04 A 90 SCPI Command Reference Chapter 3 CURRent DC MEASure CURRent DC lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF selects the DC current function and allows you to specify the measurement range and resolution
188. nncnnconnon nono non nooo cnn nennnonnnnnn cnc rnann ninos 183 Resolution Example cuncoconioai orinal Ero EEEE Ke VE KOE orders dei 183 General Guidelines for Increasing Measurement Speed cccocccconnoncooncononononnnonononcnnnonncnnnonn con non no corno nnnnn anar nan cnn con nc nn cin nono 184 Avold Function Changes cioen coins ire csth ccscte ch cbenscpeeslbene REIR ptvacoucnsbevssscaensvesnasts vovbsnsvee EEEE REES OSKE dro esti ENE repas 184 Ayold Aperture Changes tito 184 Minimize the Number of Command Response Sessions oococcconconconncononnnonnnononnnnnnccnn non ncnnc nn non nc onn cn non nn cano nn nan nnnnrnncnns 184 Set Autozero to ONCE or OBE cuca teere erea aeaea terri riders 184 Turn Autorange OFF riie mres cines onerosa E eraa nE EE EOE EEEE OE nE SVENE EKE VEN ATI SES sovevsanenegesbentevesbeceedeuses 185 Decr ase Aperture Time or NBLES curo 185 Setting the A hsiescsc esha scs ch essa ous cases aeo ren Sa es E E covsvendsdechcuusbeaicbsosdhcogtbevsenids lh esekese 185 Store the Readings in Multimeter RAM Instead of Sending them Directly to the Computer 0 eee 186 INIT FELCH usina a ibas eines illa dis ib 186 READ estat ii is nia it RE 186 Contents xii List of Figures Figure 1 1 Setting the Logical Address seeen eare oliendo dls cin n listas dusces savages vie dende E E oS eE EEA er oTo aE Eiro sE issis r ihein 2 Figure 1 2 Multimeter Measurement Terminals s ssssssseesessesseesrtsstsstestrssttstestrsseesresttstresre
189. ns 159 DC Characteristics continued Measuring Characteristics DC Voltage Measurement Method A D Linearity Input Resistance Input Bias Current Input Terminals Input Protection Resistance Measurement Method Max Lead Resistance 4 wire ohms Input Protection DC Current Shunt Resistor Input Protection DC DC Ratio Measurement Method Input HI LO Reference HI LO Input to Reference Continuously integrating multi slope IH A D converter 0 0002 of reading 0 0001 of range 0 1V 1V 10V ranges Selectable 10MQ or gt 10GQ 100V 300V ranges 10MOQ 1 lt 30pA at 25 C Copper alloy 300V on all ranges Selectable 4 wire or 2 wire ohms Current source referenced to LO input 10 of range per lead for 100Q and 1kQ ranges 1kQ per lead on all other ranges 300V on all ranges 0 1Q for 1A and 3A 5Q for 10mA and 100mA Externally accessible 3 15A 250V Class H fuse see note at the bottom of the AC Measuring Characteristics page describing class H fuses Input HI LO Reference HI LO Reference Q4W Sense terminals 100mV to 300V ranges 100mV to 10V ranges autoranged Reference LO to Input LO voltage lt 2V Reference HI to Input LO voltage lt 12V Measurement Noise Rejection DC CMRR 140 dB 5 Integration Time 60 Hz 50 Hz 100 PLC 1 67s 2s 10 PLC 167ms 200ms 1 PLC 16 7ms 20ms lt 1 PLC Normal Mode Rejection 6 60dB 7 60dB 7 60dB 7 0dB 1 Specifi
190. nter statement Enter value into computer 130 SCPI Command Reference Chapter 3 RESistance RESolution SENSe RESistance RESolution lt resolution gt selects the resolution for 2 wire resistance measurements Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt resolution gt numeric resolution MIN MAX ohms Comments MINimum selects the best resolution the smallest value for the selected range MAXimum selects the worst resolution the largest value for the selected range You must select a range using RESistance RANGe before specifying resolution Also only specify a resolution when making measurements on a fixed range Otherwise the resolution will change to correspond with the range selected during autoranging Ifautoranging is required set the resolution using the MIN or MAX parameters Ifnecessary to achieve the specified resolution the multimeter will increase the integration time as needed This command overrides the results of previously executed RESistance NPLC or RESistance APERture command the last command executed has priority The RES RESolution command overrides the resolution setting from a previous CONFigure RESistance command Related Commands CONFigure RESistance NPLC RST Condition Based on the RST values for the RESistance NPLC command Example Change the Resolution CONF RES 1560 MAX Function 2 wire ohms range selected
191. nts are returned the measurements are separated by commas and EOI is sent only with the last byte For example 1 23456E 12 LF 1 234567E 12 LF 1 23456E 12 LF EOI The multimeter s internal memory stores 512 readings maximum MEASURE1 Use the MEAS Command to Make a Single Measurement Source Code File RST Reset the multimeter MEAS VOLT DC Configure dc volts default settings and measure retrieve the reading from the multimeter enter statement Enter reading into computer Comments The MEASure command configures the multimeter for the function specified and initiates the measurement The reading is stored in the output buffer and you must provide the I O construct to retrieve the reading and enter it into the computer MEASURE2 Making Externally Triggered Measurements multiple triggers samples Source Code File RST Reset the multimeter CONF VOLT DC 18 Configure for dc volts expected input 18V TRIG SOUR EXT Set trigger source to external TRIG COUN 3 Set trigger count to 3 SAMP COUN 10 Set sample count to 10 per trigger INIT Puts multimeter in wait for trigger state EXTernal triggers occur here to initiate measurements Measurements are stored in multimeter internal memory FETC Transfer measurements from the multimeter internal memory to the output buffer and retrieve them with the computer enter statement Enter reading into computer Comments You must provide a TTL external trigger signal to the 415
192. number of readings to a value between 1 and 50 000 Substituting MIN for the number parameter sets the number of readings per trigger to 1 Substituting MAX for the number parameter sets the number of readings per trigger to 50 000 In the following example 10 DC voltage measurements are made when the multimeter s external trigger BNC connector is pulsed low After the 10 readings are taken the multimeter returns to the idle state dimension array Dimension computer array CONF VOLT DC Function DC voltage TRIG SOUR EXT Trigger source is external BNC on multimeter front panel SAMP COUN 10 Specify 10 readings per trigger READ Place multimeter in wait for trigger state make measurements when external trigger is received send readings to output buffer timeout may occur May require INIT monitor the status byte for completion standard event bit 0 FETC to transfer readings to the output buffer vs READ enter statement Enter readings into computer The SAMPle COUNt MINimum MAXimum command returns one of the following numbers to the output buffer The present sample count 1 through 50 000 if neither MIN nor MAX is specified The minimum sample count available 1 if MIN is specified The maximum sample count available 50 000 if MAX is specified Using The Instrument 41 4152A Multimeter Application Examples VISA Software Example Programs C Programs Visual Basic Programs Note 42 Using
193. o 146 DELI NADO Pcia a to a ad iaa AE cea eaa aa O eea AE aA ae Aust KAE a a eS 147 Example ocaso id E On nua ba be0NRin Tics eibar e tn lies say 147 SOURCE a as 148 Rar meters ia et a A Sa EEE ES 148 A NN 148 Example oi ii ht 148 A AN 149 Example aa Re oT 149 TEEE 488 2 Common Command Quick Reference ccccccccesseecsssecessececescecesececesuecenenaeesaeecseseeecesaeeesneeecesaeeeseeaeesss 150 O OU O 151 COMME A o ii 151 PASE SS A ON 151 O e e O E E E A E da 151 COMME da aisla ecos 151 Example coimas a di 151 A O OE I Rs 152 A UR 152 a OOO ON 152 COMMENTS 53 553 EA E E E E E E N AE S PE A exer ede cau dese E EE Poe dese Sageovags A A EE EE E 152 FORO Me E E E E AEEA AA AEA E EER EAA EEA 152 RN A 152 OREA E SEEE A EAS ETA E AE E E SEAE EEE A RAEE ASEE 153 Comments ita 153 SS O CRG HS UI a ad IE ste nat Ace tds Pant odd oe Beales tae 153 SR Gs O eeea aa 153 SIR Ali REP EIEEE ii dt darte ce 153 Parametros a 153 Contents xi CN niren Reve in E E EE ec ee aa aE aa te es oS BAS 154 Xan pl sas Seed selene pees Seeds eves tt It EEE E 154 PES M s 2 id Besta gies ds wees So io de Bae 154 COMMMENES na a 154 A o a e leds 154 COMEN ia 154 AU A A 154 COMMENTS citrico 154 Appendix A SCPI Command Quick Reference e ina 155 DE Characteristics att A Gel sec un ete oneps e recs thts coat 159 DC Characteristics conan ERS Ees 160 DC Characteristics CONHNUE mito r n a e E E aa e eran heP eR HEER e onea RRE E TEE Eea eE RHEES 161
194. od APERtTS ui S E it ai 124 PAPAIN GLEE ASO ES E E E stat Aa 124 COMME SA ee ee eee eee 124 EEX AIP Gs as ctsrck asec r gasses stants ERER cd aa 124 PERIGd APERHUI6 a a OE EEE RE es 124 Example e is 124 PERi0d VOE Tape RANGS uta 125 PAPAIN CLOTS id A 125 COMME AA A id 125 Example id 125 PERio0d VOL Tage RANGE a a a SU eae 125 Example ai 125 PERiod VOLTage RANGE AUTO cun Bein Aes EE ie ioe ea hein Bees 126 A E 126 COMME ta ASASTA A dia as 126 Example sca sccis cesses stdsgeuc eicvankcvtesdeschceschcnpeacuscesuesaceschsvecs ous sh duck snssh subsp Ee EAS EEE seo donando dias ds 126 PERIOd VOL Tage RANGE AUTO cocoa incisiones sugsi cb ELEERI aE Ee aE ET EEEa REA A RLE 126 Example NO 126 l EA OSIE EAN d E Pa BIE AAS EE E E EA ee EE EE 127 RR E A deed chee ead 127 o O LO ON 127 Example aa ia asii 127 RESistance APERtUL Na Ses sccts ds ensdeueedaebe cues a boleh Aboud Zuko Poss sadehopebUsades E a 127 Example ns Sak A ens a eee ee ae NS 127 RESistance N cd D OE id dla tada 128 A A A E NE 128 o A ON 128 A NO 128 RESIStance NRC Pe ies cede a shes Ia E E cts ch Era Rao UREA OS SEER 128 Example cain O 128 RES1stances RANGE ita dadas tii 129 Parameters O NN 129 Comments drid do o ds RE a AS ses 129 A ss sccdossicacet sheik coches covtcn ceed eiee enia cosine ches cascades cvsue ce tupcbuvecveespdvacousney spbspecte eevesi aves KETSE EEE SEEE Eo EE TEE SES 129 IRESistance RANGE ade e aa Teel gaa oa Lee ea TTL 129 Example corintio E
195. ollowing commands CONFigure lt function gt lt range gt MIN MAX DEF lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF MEASure lt function gt lt range gt MIN MAX DEF lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF SENSe lt function gt RANGe lt range gt MIN MAX SENSe lt function gt RANGe AUTO OFF JON 30 Using The Instrument Chapter 2 Math Operations CALCulate Subsystem This section provides more information about using the math functions in the CAL Culate command The math operations and registers used to store mathematical data are controlled using the CAL Culate command subsystem See Chapter 3 Multimeter Command Reference There are two steps to initiating a math operation 1 Select the desired math function CALCulate FUNCtion AVERage DB DBM LIMit NULL 2 Enable the selected math function by turning the calculate state on CALCulate STATe ON AVE Rage Function The AVERage function allows you to store the minimum and the maximum reading from a group of measurements then calculate the average value of all the readings It also records the number of readings taken since the average function was activated The first reading that the multimeter takes is stored as both the minimum and maximum value following activation of the average function The minimum value is replaced with any subsequent value that is less The maximum value is replaced with any subsequent value that is greater The minimum maximum average and count are stored in volat
196. olution Appendix C CAL ZERO AUTO ON The zero will be measured before each measurement CAL ZERO AUTO OFF No new zero readings will be made CAL ZERO AUTO ONCE Does one Autozero operation when the command is received and also sets the mode to autozero OFF The zero may vary over time especially as the room temperature varies Noticeable changes can be expected over many minutes or hours However over a few seconds the changes should be very small Turning autorange OFF makes the 4152A take all measurements on a fixed range which results in fast and predictable measurement times Autorange is turned OFF when a numeric value or MIN MAX is specified for the lt range gt parameter of the CONFigure MEASure SENSe RESistance RANGe SENSe VOLTage RANGe or SENSe VOLTage AC RANGe command Autorange is directly controlled by the SENSe VOLTage RANGe AUTO ON OFF SENSe VOLTage AC RANGe AUTO ON OFF or SENSe RESistance RANGe AUTO ON OFF command You can query the 4152A autorange status for a particular function by the following commands SENSe CURRent DC RANGe AUTO SENSe CURRent AC RANGe AUTO SENSe FREQuency VOLTage RANGe AUTO SENSe FRESistance RANGe AUTO SENSe PERiod VOLTage RANGe AUTO SENSe RESistance RANGe AUTO SENSe VOLTage DC RANGe AUTO SENSe VOLTage AC RANGe AUTO SENSe RESistance RANGe AUTO The aperture time or NPLCs number of power line cycles is the amount of time that th
197. olution 0 1Q SAMP COUN 3 Take 3 readings INIT Place multimeter in wait for trigger state store readings in internal memory trigger source is IMMediate by default FETC Place readings in output buffer enter statement Enter readings into computer 80 SCPI Command Reference Chapter 3 VOLTage AC Parameters Comments CONFigure VOLTage AC lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF selects the AC coupled RMS voltage function and allows you to specify the range and resolution Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt range gt numeric 0 1V 1V 10V 100V 300V volts MIN MAX DEF AUTO lt resolution gt numeric resolution MIN MAX DEF volts To select a standard measurement range specify range as the input signal s maximum expected voltage The multimeter then selects the correct range that will accept the input The AUTO or DEFault option for the range parameter enables autorange The DEFault option for resolution defaults the integration time to 10 PLC The MIN and MAX parameters select the minimum or maximum values for range For range MIN 0 1V MAX 300V For resolution See Table 3 4 on page 59 for valid resolution choices for each range To select autorange specify AUTO or DEF for range or do not specify a value for the range and resolution parameters In the autorange mode the multimeter samples the input signal befor
198. on CALCulate DB REFerence lt value gt Store a dB reference value dBm Measurements ThedBm operation calculates the power delivered to a resistance referenced to 1 milliwatt 2 22 reading dBm 10 x log _ IIA O erence resistance x 1 mW Applies to de voltage and ac voltage measurements only e You can choose from 17 different reference resistance values The factory setting for the reference resistance is 600 Set your desired value with the CALC DBM REF lt value gt command The choices for lt value gt are 50 75 93 110 124 125 135 150 250 300 500 600 800 900 1000 1200 or 8000 ohms The reference resistance is stored in nonvolatile memory and does not change when power is removed or after the multimeter is reset Storing the dBm Do not confuse this operation with the dB reference DB function See the Reference Resistance previous section dB Measurements and take note of the multimeter s dB Value eference setting dB uses a reference level dBm uses a reference resistance Use the following commands to activate the dBm function and input a reference resistance value The calculate state must be enabled before you can store a value in the Reference Resistance Register CALCulate FUNCtion DBm Set math function to DBm CALCulate STATe ON Enable math operation CALCulate DBM REFerence lt value gt Store a dBm reference Chapter 2 Using The Instrument 33 LIMit Function The li
199. on CURR AC RANG 1 CURRent AC RANGe SENSe CURRent AC RANGe MIN MAX returns one of the following numbers to the output buffer The present current range selected if MIN or MAX is not specified Only the ranges available with the RANGe command are returned For example if CONFigure sets the 3A range 3A is the range returned The minimum current range available 1A if MIN is specified The maximum current range available 3A if MAX is specified Example Query the AC Current Measurement Range CURR AC RANG 3 Select 3A range CURR AC RANG Query multimeter to return the present range enter statement Enter value into computer Chapter 3 SCPI Command Reference 107 CURRent AC RANGe AUTO SENSe CURRent AC RANGe AUTO lt mode gt enables or disables the autorange function for AC current measurements Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt mode gt boolean OFF O ON 1 none Comments You can substitute decimal values for the OFF 0 and ON 1 parameters When autoranging is ON the multimeter samples the input before each measurement and selects the appropriate range If you explicitly select a range using CURRent AC RANGe autoranging is turned OFF Related Commands CONFigure DC RANGe RESistance RANGe RST Condition CURR AC RANG AUTO ON Example Disable AC Current Autoranging CURR AC RANG AUTO OFF Disable autorange
200. on and the lower the reading rate Related Commands CALibration LFRrequency e RST Condition CURR DC APER 0 166667 seconds 60Hz or CURR DC APER 0 20000 50Hz Example Set an Aperture Time of 16 7ms CURR APER 16 7E 03 Aperture time is 16 7 ms CURRent DC APERture SENSe CURRent DC APERture MIN MAX returns one of the following numbers to the output buffer The present aperture time in seconds if MIN or MAX is not specified The minimum aperture time available 4 ms if MIN is specified The maximum aperture time available 1 66667 s 60Hz 2 s 50Hz if MAX is specified Example Query the Aperture Time CURR APER 167E 03 Aperture time is 167ms CURR APER Query multimeter to return aperture time enter statement Enter value into computer 110 SCPI Command Reference Chapter 3 CURRent DC NPLC SENSe CURRent DC NPLCycles lt number gt sets the integration time in power line cycles PLCs Values are rounded up to the nearest number of PLCs shown in the following table Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt number gt numeric 0 02 0 2 1 10 100 MIN MAX PLCs Comments e MINimum selects 0 02 PLCs MAXimum selects 100 PLCs Setting the integration time in power line cycles PLCs also sets the aperture time and the resolution For example 10 PLCs sets an aperture time of 167ms 60Hz line frequency or 200ms 50Hz The corr
201. ons viOpenDefaultRM amp defaultRM viOpen defaultRM GPIB VXI0 9 24 VI_NULL VI_NULL amp dmm Set the timeout value to 10 seconds viSetAttribute dmm VI_ATTR_TMO_VALUE 10000 Reset the module err viPrintf dmm RST n if err lt VI_SUCCESS err_handler dmm err Query the module identification err viPrintf dmm IDN n if err lt VI_SUCCESS err_handler dmm err err viScanf dmm t buf if err lt VI_SUCCESS err_handler dmm err printf Module ID s n n buf Perform a module self test err viPrintf dmm TSTAn if err lt VI_SUCCESS err_handler dmm err err viscanf dmm t buf if err lt VI_SUCCESS err_handler dmm err printf Self test response s n n buf Check for system errors err viPrintf dmm SYST ERR n if err lt VI_SUCCESS err_handler dmm err err viScanf dmm t buf if err lt VI_SUCCESS err_handler dmm err printf System error response s n n buf end of main Error handling function void err_handler ViSession dmm ViStatus err char buf 1024 0 viStatusDesc dmm err buf Revised 11 27 01 printf ERROR s n buf return Getting Started 12 Chapter 1 Notes Chapter 1 Getting Started 13 Notes Getting Started 14 Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Using The Instrument Using This Chapter This chapter provides multimeter applica
202. or root command one or more low level commands and their parameters The following example shows the root command CALibration and its lower level subsystem commands CALibration COUNt LFRequency 50 60 MIN MAX LFRequency MIN MAX SECure CODE lt new code gt SECure STATe OFF ON lt code gt SECure STATe STRing lt quoted string gt STRing VALue lt value gt VALue ZERO AUTO ON OFF ZERO AUTO CALibration is the root command COUNt LFRequency LFRequency SECure STRing STRing VALue and VALue are second level commands and CODE STATe and STATe are third level commands Chapter 3 SCPI Command Reference 55 Command Separator Abbreviated Commands Implied Commands A colon always separates one command from the next lower level command as shown below CALibration SECure STATe Colons separate the root command from the second level command CALibration SECure and the second level from the third level SECure STATe The command syntax shows most commands as a mixture of upper and lower case letters The upper case letters indicate the abbreviated spelling for the command For shorter program lines send the abbreviated form For better program readability you may send the entire command The instrument will accept either the abbreviated form or the entire command For example if the command syntax shows MEASure then MEAS and MEASURE are both acceptable forms Other forms of MEASure
203. peeds are for 0 02 PLC integration time Delay 0 and 200Hz Fast ac filter 166 Racal 4152A Multimeter Specifications Appendix A General Specifications Overvoltage Category 1 1500V peak max impulse 4152A Available Power Amps 5V Ipm maximum peak current 0 20A Idm maximum dynamic current 0 10A 12V Ipm maximum peak current 0 70A Idm maximum dynamic current 0 06A Cooling Slot Average Watts Slot 9 40 deltaP mm H20 0 05 Air Flow liters s 0 80 Operating Environment 0 C to 55 C 65 Relative Humidity to 40 C NOTE Recalibration may be required after exposure to humidity levels gt 65 Storage Environment 40 C to 70 C State Storage Memory Power off state automatically saved Warm up Time 1 hour Programming Language SCPI 1993 IEEE 488 2 Appendix A Racal 4152A Multimeter Specifications 167 To Calculate Total Measurement Error Each specification includes correction factors which account for errors present due to operational limitations of the multimeter This section explains these errors and shows how to apply them to your measurements Refer to the section titled Interpreting Multimeter Specifications beginning on page 170 to get a better understanding of the terminology used and to help you interpret the multimeter s specifications The multimeter s accuracy specifications are expressed in the form of reading of range In addition to the reading error and range error you
204. ple SAMP COUN 1 SEC SEC is not a valid suffix Character data not allowed A character string was received but a numeric parameter was expected Check the list of parameters to verify that you have used a valid parameter type Example CAL LFR XYZ Invalid string data An invalid character string was received Check to see if you have enclosed the character string in single or double quotes Example CAL STR NEXT CAL DUE 10 4 1996 the ending quote is missing String data not allowed A character string was received but is not allowed for the command Check the list of parameters to verify that you have used a valid parameter type Example CALC STAT ON 174 Racal 4152A Multimeter Error Messages Appendix B Appendix B 160 to 170 to 168 178 211 213 214 221 222 223 224 230 Block data errors The multimeter does not accept block data Expression errors The multimeter does not accept mathematical expressions Trigger ignored A Group Execute Trigger GET or TRG was received but the trigger was ignored Make sure the multimeter is in the wait for trigger state before issuing a trigger and make sure the correct trigger source is selected Init ignored An INITiate command was received but could not be executed because a measurement was already in progress Send a device clear to halt a measurement in progress and place the multimeter in the idle state Trigger deadlock
205. r dimension array Dimension computer array to store 100 readings CONF VOLT DC Function DC voltage SAMP COUN 100 Specify 100 readings per trigger READ Place multimeter in wait for trigger state and make measurements send readings to output buffer trigger source is IMMediate by default enter statement Enter readings into computer SCPI Command Reference 101 SAMPle The SAMPle command subsystem operates with the TRIGger command subsystem The SAMPle subsystem designates the number of readings count made for each trigger signal received Subsystem Syntax SAMPle COUNt lt number gt MIN MAX COUNt MIN MAX COUNt SAMPle COUNt lt number gt MIN MAX designates the number of readings per trigger Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt number gt numeric 1 through 50 000 MIN MAX none Comments e MINimum sets 1 reading per trigger MAXimum sets 50 000 readings per trigger If MAX or 50 000 is specified for number the command executes without error When an INIT is executed requiring readings to be stored in internal memory an Insufficient memory error is generated to show that the number of readings exceeds the memory available However you can execute READ which returns the readings to the output buffer and does not use internal memory A number gt 50 000 returns Error 222 Data out of range CONFigure and MEASure set th
206. r Current Measurements DC Blocking Circuitry The multimeter s ac voltage and ac current functions implement three different low frequency filters These filters allow you to trade low frequency accuracy for faster reading speed The fast filter settles in 0 1 seconds and is useful for frequencies above 200Hz The medium filter settles in 1 second and is useful for measurements above 20 Hz The slow filter settles in 7 seconds and is useful for frequencies above 3Hz With a few precautions you can perform ac measurements at speeds up to 50 readings per second Use manual ranging to eliminate autoranging delays By setting the preprogrammed settling trigger delays to 0 each filter will allow up to 50 readings per second However the measurement might not be very accurate since the filter is not fully settled In applications where sample to sample levels vary widely the medium filter 20Hz will settle adequately at almost 1 reading per second and the fast filter 200Hz will settle adequately at almost 10 readings per second If the sample to sample levels are similar little settling time is required for each new reading Under this specialized condition the medium filter will provide reduced accuracy results at 5 readings per second and the fast filter will provide reduced accuracy results at 50 readings per second Additional settling time may be required when the dc level varies from sample to sample The multimeter s de blockin
207. r count 1 trigger TRIG COUN Trigger delay AUTO Automatic delay TRIG DEL Trigger source IMM trigger signal is always true TRIG SOUR Math function OFF CALCulate STATe MEASure CURRent AC lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF CURRent DC lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF FREQuency lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF FRESistance lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF PERiod lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF RESistance lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF VOLTage AC lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF VOLTage DC lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF VOLTage DC RATio lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF SCPI Command Reference 89 CURRent AC MEASure CURRent AC lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF selects the AC current function and allows you to specify the measurement range and resolution see range versus resolution table at start of chapter Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt range gt numeric 1A 3A A MIN MAX DEF AUTO lt resolution gt numeric resolution A MIN MAX DEF Comments To select a sta
208. rameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt mode gt boolean OFF O ON 1 none Comments You can substitute decimal values for the OFF 0 and ON 1 parameters The trigger delay is inserted between the trigger and each measurement Ifa trigger delay is specified using the TRIGger DELay lt period gt command TRIG DEL AUTO is turned OFF e RST Condition TRIG DEL AUTO ON Example Disable Automatic Trigger Delay TRIG DEL AUTO OFF Disable automatic trigger delay 146 SCPI Command Reference Chapter 3 DELay AUTO Example Chapter 3 Default Trigger Delays for DC Voltage and DC Current all ranges Integration Time Trigger Delay NPLC gt 1 1 5ms NPLC lt 1 1 0ms Default Trigger Delays for 2 Wire and 4 Wire Resistance Range Trigger Delay Trigger Delay For NPLC gt 1 For NPLC lt 1 1009 1 5ms 1 0ms 1kQ 1 5ms 1 0ms 10kQ 1 5ms 1 0ms 100kQ 1 5ms 1 0ms 1MQ 1 5ms 10ms 10MQ 100ms 100ms 100MQ 100ms 100ms Default Trigger Delays for AC Voltage and AC Current all ranges AC Filter Trigger Delay 3Hz 300kHz filter Slow 7 0sec 20Hz 300kHz filter Medium 1 0sec 200Hz 300kHz filter Fast 600ms Default Trigger Delay for Frequency and Period 1 0s TRIGger DELay AUTO returns a number to show whether the automatic trigger delay mode is on or off 1 ON o
209. range 1kQ is the range returned The minimum resistance range available 100 0 if MIN is specified The maximum resistance range available 100MQ if MAX is specified Chapter 3 SCPI Command Reference 129 Example Query the Measurement Range RES RANG 100 Select 1000 range RES RANG Query multimeter to return the present range enter statement Enter value into computer RESistance RANGe AUTO SENSe RESistance RANGe AUTO lt mode gt enables or disables the autorange function for resistance measurements Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt mode gt boolean OFF O ON 1 none Comments e You can substitute decimal values for the OFF 0 and ON 1 parameters When autoranging is ON the multimeter samples the input before each measurement and selects the appropriate range If you explicitly select a range using RESistance RANGe autoranging is turned OFF Related Commands CONFigure RESistance RANGe RST Condition RES RANG AUTO ON Example Disable Autoranging RES RANG AUTO OFF Disable autorange RESistance RANGe AUTO SENSe RESistance RANGe AUTO returns a number to show whether the autorange mode is enabled or disabled 1 ON 0 OFF The number is sent to the output buffer Example Query the Autorange Mode RES RANG AUTO OFF Disable autorange RES RANG AUTO Query multimeter to return autorange mode e
210. ration Errors The error code is given e g 101 followed by the associated error message and a description of what the error message means Invalid character An invalid character was found in the command string You may have inserted a character such as or in the command header or within a parameter Example CONF VOLT DC Syntax error Invalid syntax was found in the command string You may have inserted a blank space before or after a colon in the command header or before a comma Example SAMP COUN 1 Invalid separator An invalid separator was found in the command string You may have used a comma instead of a colon semicolon or blank space or you may have used a blank space instead of a comma Example TRIG COUN 1 or CONF FREQ 1000 0 1 Data type error The wrong parameter type was found in the command string You may have specified a number where a string was expected or vice versa Example TRIG COUN 150 or TRIG COUN A GET not allowed A Group Execute Trigger GET is not allowed within a command string Parameter not allowed More parameters were received than expected for the command You may have entered an extra parameter or you added a parameter to a command that does not accept a parameter Example READ 10 Missing parameter Fewer parameters were received than expected for the command You omitted one or more parameters that are required for this command Example SAMP COUN Racal 4152A Multime
211. reference to 400Hz The line frequency reference setting is also useful when the device being measured operates at a different frequency than the multimeter For example if the multimeter has a power line frequency reference of 60Hz and the device being measured has a power line frequency of 50Hz maximum NMR is achieved by setting the multimeter s reference frequency to 50Hz by executing CAL LFR 50 The CALibration LFRequency command returns the present setting of the power line frequency reference The command returns 50 or 60 Fora setting of 400Hz 50 is returned since 50Hz is a sub harmonic of 400Hz Getting Started 3 Y Racal i Front Panel Indicator Instruments 68 1 2 DIGIT E Failed turns on momentarily during the multimeter s power on self test If the multimeter successfully establishes internal communication the indicator turns off If the multimeter fails to establish internal communication the indicator remains on Failed _ Access Access turns on only when the resource manager is communicating with the multimeter Errors turns on only when an error is present in the multimeter s error queue The error can result from improperly executing a command or the multimeter being unable to pass a self test or calibration Use the SYST ERR command repeatedly to read and clear the error queue or CLS to clear the error queue without reading the errors A response of 0 No error indicat
212. rement range and resolution Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt range gt numeric 1009 1kQ 10kQ 100kQ 1MQ ohms 110M02100M42 MIN MAX DEF AUTO lt resolution gt numeric resolution MIN MAX DEF ohms Comments To select a standard measurement range specify range as the input signal s maximum expected resistance The multimeter then selects the correct range that will accept the input The AUTO or DEFault option for the range parameter enables autorange The DEF option for the resolution parameter defaults the integration time to 10 PLC The MIN and MAX parameters select the minimum or maximum values for range and resolution For range MIN 1000 MAX 100MQ For resolution MIN selects the best resolution the smallest value for the selected range MAX selects the worst resolution the largest value for the selected range To select autorange specify AUTO or DEF for range or do not specify a value for the range and resolution parameters In the autorange mode the multimeter samples the input signal before each measurement and selects the appropriate range To specify a MIN or MAX resolution while autoranging you must specify MEAS FRES DEF you cannot omit the range parameter This prevents the MIN or MAX resolution from being interpreted as a range setting and the resulting command becomes MEAS FRES DEF MIN or MEAS FRES DEF MAX Rela
213. removed or after a module reset The upper limit on all three filters is 300kHz The slow filter is 3Hz the medium filter is 20Hz and the fast filter is 200Hz The CONFigure and MEASure commands select the 20Hz filter RST Condition DET BAND 20 medium filter Example Set the ac Signal Filter for Fast Measurements From 200Hz to 300k Hz DET BAND 200 Selects the fast filter Chapter 3 SCPI Command Reference 115 DETector BANDwidth SENSe DETector BANDwidth returns which ac filter has been selected The value returned is 3 20 or 200 The value is sent to the output buffer Example Query the Detector Bandwidth DET BAND 200 Select 200Hz bandwidth fast filter DET BAND Query multimeter to return the detector bandwidth setting FREQuency APERture SENSe FREQuency APERture lt time gt selects the aperture time or gate time for frequency measurements Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt time gt numeric 0 01 0 1 1 MIN MAX seconds Comments Specify 0 01 10ms for 4 digits 0 1 default 100ms for 5 digits or 1 second for 6 digits e MIN 0 01 MAX 1 RST Condition 0 1 seconds Example Seta Frequency Aperture Time of 1 Second FREQ APER 1 Sets aperture time to 1 second FREQuency APERture SENSe FREQuency APERture MIN MAX queries the aperture time for frequency measurements The MIN parameter returns the minimum aperture value 0 01
214. rence Default Settings for CONFigure Command by Function FUNCTION RANGE RESOLUTION CURR DC 1A 1 pA CURR AC 1A 104A FREQ FREQ RANG 3Hz 30uHz VOLT RANG 10V FRES 1kQ 1mQ PER PER RANG 0 333sec 3 33 seconds VOLT RANG 10V RES 1kQ 1mQ VOLT DC 10V 10uV VOLT DC RAT 10V 10uV VOLT AC 10V 100uV Chapter 3 CURRent AC CONFigure CURRent AC lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF selects the AC current function and allows you to specify the measurement range and resolution See the range versus resolution table at the beginning of this chapter for valid resolution choices for each ac current range Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt range gt numeric 1A 3A A MIN MAX DEF AUTO lt resolution gt numeric resolution A MIN MAX DEF Comments To select a standard measurement range specify range as the input signal s maximum expected current The multimeter then selects the correct range that will accept the input The AUTO or DEFault option for the range parameter enables autorange The MIN and MAX parameters select the minimum or maximum values for range and resolution For range MIN 1A MAX 3A For resolution MIN selects the best resolution the smallest value for the selected range MAX selects the worst resolution the largest value for the
215. resolution while autoranging you must specify MEAS VOLT AC DEF you cannot omit the range parameter This prevents the MIN or MAX resolution from being interpreted as a range setting and the resulting command becomes MEAS VOLT AC DEF MIN or MEAS VOLT AC DEF MAX Example Making AC Voltage Measurements MEAS VOLT AC 0 54 MAX Function AC volts range selected 1V MAX resolution 100uV 96 SCPI Command Reference Chapter 3 VOLTage DC MEASure VOLTage DC lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF selects the DC voltage function and allows you to specify the range and resolution Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt range gt numeric 100mV 1V 10V 100V 300V volts MIN MAX DEF AUTO lt resolution gt numeric resolution MIN MAX DEF volts Comments To select a standard measurement range specify range as the input signal s maximum expected voltage The multimeter then selects the correct range to accept the input The AUTO or DEFault option for the range parameter enables autorange The DEF option for the resolution parameter defaults the integration time to 10 PLC The MIN and MAX parameters select the minimum or maximum values for range and resolution For range MIN 100mV MAX 300 V For resolution MIN selects the best resolution the smallest value for the selected range MAX selects the worst resolution
216. rest factor of a waveform is the ratio of its peak value to its RMS value Common Crest Factors The crest factor for a sine wave is 2 1 414 For a triangular wave the crest factor is 3 1 732 For a square wave with pulse width t and duty cycle T see the graphic in the previous section the crest factor is E t For a pulse train the crest factor is approximately equal to the square root of the inverse of the duty cycle In general the greater the crest factor the greater the energy contained in higher frequency harmonics All multimeters exhibit measurement errors that are crest factor dependent Model 4152A crest factor errors are shown in the AC Characteristics Accuracy Specifications are listed in Appendix A with the exception that crest factor errors are not specified for non sine wave input signals below 100Hz when using the slow ac filter 3Hz filter You can estimate the measurement error for a non sinusoidal input signal shown below Total Error Error sine Error crest factor Error bandwidth Error sine error for sinewave as shown in Appendix A Specifications Error crest factor crest factor additional error as shown in Appendix A Error bandwidth estimated bandwidth error as shown below 2 C F xf ERROR iath EE x 100 bandwidth AT BW o C F signal s crest factor f signal s fundamental frequency BW multimeter s 3dB bandwidth 1MHz for the Racal 4152A Example Calculate the appro
217. rigge ring The trigger signal is always present in the internal triggering mode This mode is selected with the TRIGger SOURce IMMediate command The multimeter takes one reading or the number specified by SAMPle COUNt immediately after a READ or INITiate command The multimeter takes only one reading immediately following a MEAS command See the triggering process diagram in Figure 2 1 on page 35 Chapter 2 Using The Instrument 37 Bus Trigge ri Ng The multimeter is triggered from the VXIbus This mode is selected with the TRIGger SOURce BUS command Use the TRG command from the GPIB to trigger the multimeter when TRIG SOUR BUS is used The TRG command will not be accepted unless the multimeter is in the wait for trigger state You can also trigger the multimeter from the GPIB interface by sending the IEEE 488 Group Execute Trigger GET message The multimeter must be in the wait for trigger state Send a GET from a Racal Instruments controller with the following command TRIGGER 70903 The Wait for Trigger You must place the multimeter in the wait for trigger state after you have State configured it and selected a trigger source A trigger will not be accepted until the multimeter is in this state The measurement sequence begins when the multimeter is in the wait for trigger state and it receives a trigger You can place the multimeter in the wait for trigger state by executing one of the following commands
218. rigger is received the measurement process begins This will cause the multimeter to make 10 measurements for the first external trigger go to the wait for trigger state and take 10 measurements for the second external trigger when received The readings are stored in the output buffer and you must provide the VO construct to retrieve the readings and enter them into the computer This example uses the READ command Measurements are initiated with the READ command which puts the multimeter in the wait for trigger state Measurement occurs when the trigger arrives and readings are subsequently stored directly in the output buffer and must be retrieved by the computer with an I O construct you supply An alternative way of initiating measurements is to use the INITiate command as done in the previous example Measurements are made and stored in the multimeter s internal memory and must be retrieved using the FETCh command which transfers the readings to the output buffer You must be careful when using the INITiate and FETCh commands Internal memory stores a maximum of 512 readings the oldest readings exceeding 512 are lost 46 Using The Instrument Chapter 2 Synch ronizing the This program example demonstrates how to synchronize the multimeter with a switch module The 4152A uses the TTL triggers from the VXI Multimeter With a backplane to trigger the multimeter and advance the channel scan list The Switch Module example uses th
219. rs td A ib 134 COMME a 134 Example tl tail iaa iras 134 VOLTage AC RES OOO co E iii 134 Example oc ir ii Ai 134 VOLTagel DC ZAPER Gite na e E e e 135 PAM E E EE E AE EE E E E E E EENES 135 Comment ica 135 A NN 135 VOL Tage DC APER re ii a A cia 135 Example coirn penisen eones ts Gov scl speeaeed oao a ad Ghsspeeslbauect ecbopys cvecvapsnaceacnshsubcpatvy evuber sues KET SE VOAN E OKE SRE TEESI Skei 135 VOETare DEENPEC seo a E E E a E A aa 136 Parameters ON 136 CAM CE n EASE E ainda A A 136 Example NO 136 VOL Tate sDCTINPE Coo mre E e E O E E EE a E A RE E 136 Example cosita dida eta ec S KEE a E ao E NEE AS sees 136 DLONK T DLE A SAIN E EEEE A SA A EAE 137 Parameters OA O ee 137 COmMeNtS ON 137 A ae ith este ecb hk ee A Sis ee ee aes ev ee eed lS 137 VOLTase DE RANGE a O OO 137 Example inn coe eee eeaeee ee oaa o EE E cessed cs eases darias do denia ido desee edi dead 137 VOETase DETIRANGEFA U TO a anclada resp IRON mora 138 Patametets E ase hos ac oA ees Se es Ae A EE 138 Comments scx o te eel a eet aa A es he E E AATA ea O 138 Example cosido e ad a o ie 138 VOL Taze DETRANGEAUTO 0 A ra adan acosa 138 Example uu di edilicia isis 138 UNAS A cava d tude vat ov ube eas oo yes setts O NN 139 Parametros Bad ee ii iia 139 Eorna raataa AAPEEE Fe te ide E Lite e rl hes dle So ett e cheetah scald ode 139 A NN 139 VOL Tage DE RESOMMUION ii Aida 139 Example coruna adi e 140 yA LO VELEN R O IEE toa cuca Be e a dde el de e a leat
220. s lt range gt numeric 100Q 1kQ 10kQ 100kQ 1MQ ohms 10MQ 100MQ MIN MAX DEF AUTO lt resolution gt numeric resolution MIN MAX DEF ohms Comments To select a standard measurement range specify range as the input signal s maximum expected resistance The multimeter then selects the correct range that will accept the input The AUTO or DEFault option for the range parameter enables autorange The DEFault option for resolution defaults the integration time to 10 PLC The MIN and MAX parameters select the minimum or maximum values for range and resolution For range MIN 100Q MAX 100MQ For resolution MIN selects the best resolution the smallest value for the selected range MAX selects the worst resolution the largest value for the selected range To select autorange specify DEF for range or do not specify a value for the range and resolution parameters In the autorange mode the multimeter samples the input signal before each measurement and selects the appropriate range To specify a MIN or MAX resolution while autoranging you must specify AUTO or DEFault for range CONF RES DEF MIN or CONF RES DEF MAX or CONF RES AUTO MIN or CONF RES AUTO MAX you cannot omit the range parameter This prevents the MIN or MAX resolution from being interpreted as a range setting Related Commands FETCh INITiate READ Example Making 2 Wire Ohms Measurements CONF RES 850 MAX Function 2 wire ohms range selected 1kQ MAX res
221. s reference of function ranges to resolution as a function of NPLCs or Aperture Time Table 2 6 Resolution of Power Line Cycles Number of Power Line Cycles NPLC Resolution 0 02 0 0001 X Full Scale 0 2 0 00001 X Full Scale 1 0 000003 X Full Scale 10 0 000001 X Full Scale 100 0 0000003 X Full Scale Resolution is stored in volatile memory The multimeter sets itself to 10 PLCs at power on or after a module reset DC voltage ratio measurements use both the HI LO input terminals input signal and the HI LO Q 4W Sense terminals the reference signal The resolution specified applies to the input signal applied to the HI LO input terminals for ratio measurements and not the reference signal applied to the Sense terminals Set the resolution using the following commands CONFigure lt function gt lt range gt MIN MAX lt resolution gt MIN MAX MEASure lt function gt lt range gt MIN MAX lt resolution gt MIN MAX SENSe lt function gt lt resolution gt MIN MAX Chapter 2 Integ ration Time Integration time is the period during which the multimeter s analog to digital A D converter samples the input signal for a measurement Integration time affects the measurement resolution for better resolution use a longer integration time and measurement speed for faster measurement use a shorter integration time Integration time applies to de voltage de current resi
222. s the present calibration value Query the Calibration Value CAL VAL Query the calibration value enter statement Enter value into computer 70 SCPI Command Reference Chapter 3 ZERO AUTO Parameters Comments ZERO AUTO Chapter 3 CALibrate ZERO AUTO lt mode gt enables or disables the autozero mode Autozero applies to de voltage de current and 2 wire ohms measurements only 4 wire ohms and dc voltage ratio measurements automatically enable the autozero mode Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt mode gt boolean OFF O ON 1 ONCE none You can use 0 for OFF and 1 for ON in the mode parameter The ON parameter enables autozero This is the default parameter which causes the multimeter to internally disconnect the input signal following each measurement and make a zero measurement The zero reading is subtracted from the input signal reading to prevent offset voltages present on the multimeter s input circuitry from affecting measurement accuracy The OFF parameter disables autozero In this mode the multimeter takes one zero measurement and subtracts it from all subsequent input signal measurements prior to a change in function range or integration time A new zero measurement is made following a change in function range or integration time This mode increases measurement speed because a zero measurement is not made for each input signal m
223. saecaecnaecaecnaessecsscsseseceaeesasenevsascasssaecasensesnesseeseensees 117 Example viens ra ea 117 FREQuency VOLTage RANGe AUTO ooo eseceeceseeeeceeceseeeeeeceecseeseecaecsacsaecsacsaecescsseeseseaesaeeaaseaecasesaecasenaeaees 118 A o OO OO OO NN 118 COMME 118 Example naaa 118 FREQuency VOLTage RANGe AUTO oncocccocconnconcnnnnononnnnnnconnnnnonnnonno ron on non ne cono n enn nan enn non rane nn nen nc encon none cone nnonnnns 118 Example ini oie 118 ERESistance ARER Urea 119 Parameterst tt E cedido ce coelod bee ltda llo tao TESOL 119 A ANN 119 Example orinando ata fee pass 119 PRES stance A P R E ica dois 119 Example ion aia E RT 119 PRESistance NE EE o o od bdo e ia 120 Parametros rot ion a o A e O soe 120 COMME diana 120 Example nenna E TE E a A ria 120 j S EA EEIT EAN ad EC A A A E E E EE di 120 Example NN 120 PRES 18tanice RANGE cuidan 121 Parametros toa io to a de ee ERROR ces did 121 A A ON 121 EX Oti 121 PRES Saee RA N O E oa 121 Example a T A E asii 121 FRES stace RAN Ge AUO a aii 122 FRAPAINICLELS O oO O 122 COMME o Ta 122 O E A tees sade uastehasenan edu Urebepserenrae 122 PRESistance RANGe2AUT OP 2 ecciscece occas 5 ees recheck coaes aE ae Seah oa 122 Example eee siie aces se cas ii 122 FRES stance R SoU O td oi ii dsd 123 R rameters E E aes ca cal co EE E EEEE ee ES 123 Ss A O 123 FRESistance RESolution e ra a a e a a a aaa oran nn nro nconnnn a E Ee E K SS 123 Example cuina boi das de 123 Contents viii PERT
224. selected range See Table 3 5 on page 59 for resolution choices To select autorange specify DEF for range or do not specify a value for the range and resolution parameters see next bullet comment In the autorange mode the multimeter samples the input signal before each measurement and selects the appropriate range To specify the MIN or MAX resolution while autoranging you must specify the AUTO or DEF parameter for range and specify MIN or MAX e g CONF CURR AC DEF MIN or CONF CURR AC DEF MAX or CONF CURR AC AUTO MIN or CONF CURR AC AUTO MAX you cannot omit the range parameter DEF or AUTO This prevents the MIN or MAX resolution from being interpreted as a range setting Example Making AC Current Measurements CONF CURR AC 3 MAX Function dc current range selected 3A MAX resolution 0 3 mA SAMP COUN 3 Take 3 readings trigger source is IMMediate by default READ Place multimeter in wait for trigger state and make measurements send readings to output buffer enter statement Enter readings into computer Chapter 3 SCPI Command Reference 75 CURRent DC Parameters Comments CONFigure CURRent DC lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF selects the DC current function and allows you to specify the measurement range and resolution Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt range gt numeric 10mA 100mA 1 A 3 A A MIN MAX DEF AUTO lt resolu
225. sesaecsecseceecseeseseseeeascseseaecaeesaecaesnaeenees 31 AVERage Function aji 31 NULL Relative Funciona dias 31 Two Ways to Store the NULL Offset Vallenius ape ee E E EEEE TEE ROE E ERSE 32 dB Measurements seriissssietissorseente deeesuscaseSincee aro ne snt orere osae Seon TES nadien tenor EUo cid EES o Eea oE ao CETE Co eoSt EKE E 32 Storing the dB Reference Valle cerciorarse loe atea EE SESSE REKER E 33 dBm Measurements scissioni eroe ns n ree ior aaeoa EErEE KESESER EENE KEN EKE SNAS AR EPERE rada ariete dean 33 Storing the dBm Reference Resistance Value 0 0 cece ec eeceeseescecseeseeceeceseeseceecesecsceseseeceseseaecaeesaecaaesaesseseseesensees 33 EIMit OS 34 Triggering the Multimeter cti rr lite 35 The Trig Ser Source A ceutctevve covece sede EA a EE Era shy ebepcnsete obeb specks Uraa COENS EEK aes ist 36 Checking the Trigger Source suena o 36 External Triggering sesatron dh antes NA 37 Internal Torero E o AE r biden e Aaaa iaae S alate 37 Bus Trig Beran gos NN 38 The Walt for Tr 8 Ber State socana ioa n E E eat soes eb etsbstapesaastege alot solo 38 The Trigger Count sinners aes ne eeo oeer Eese Ea EEE CEE ees cid Uv osch obese sus sh suede EESE ssh coins snout hay 38 Example Setting the Trig ger Counts sss sicc ssc sicieiccdusvctessadisb uve Eoee RE SEELS EEEo SEE oE EErEE OERE ses dnoa vas ER TE PEETS EPS EESE 39 Checking the Trigger Count sscnes tn coentro sis ove ovabluecuacb atebeczscucbeschace epeuscnessensasst den
226. similar effect Autozero OFF does not perform a new zero measurement Autozero ONCE performs an immediate zero measurement SENSe ZERO AUTO OFF ONCE ON Ran ging You can let the multimeter automatically select the range using autoranging or you can specify a range If you specify an expected value for the signal you are measuring the multimeter selects the range to accommodate the expected input signal and turns autoranging off Specify a range for faster measurements to eliminate the autoranging time The multimeter has autorange mode enabled at power on and after a module reset Autorange thresholds Down range at lt 10 of range Up range at gt 120 of range The multimeter will provide an overload indication by returning 9 90000000E 37 if the input signal is greater than the present range can measure and autoranging is disabled or at the maximum range setting The multimeter uses one range for all inputs between 3Hz and 300kHz for the frequency and period functions The multimeter determines an internal resolution based on a 3Hz signal If you query the range the multimeter will respond with 3Hz Frequency and period measurements return 0 with no input signal applied The specified range applies to the signal connected to the Input terminals for ratio measurements Autoranging is automatically selected for reference voltage measurements on the Sense terminals You can set the range using any of the f
227. sponse to the OPC command from multimeter INIT Puts multimeter in the wait for trigger state trigger source is TTLTrig2 line OUTPut by the switch Now set up the switch module RST Reset the switch module CLS Clear the switch module s status registers ABOR Abort any switch operation in progress STAT OPER ENAB 128 Enable bit 8 of operation status register OUTP TTLT2 STAT ON Enable switch closure to trigger multimeter TRIG SOUR TTLT1 Allow VM Complete to advance the scan SCAN 10 0 15 Scans channels 0 15 on module address 10 OPC Wait until above commands are processed Read the response to the OPC command from switch INIT Starts scanning by closure of the first channel in the scan list sends output signal to multimeter via TTLTrig2 to trigger a measurement multimeter sends TTLTI VM Complete back to switch module to advance scan to the next channel measurements are stored in multimeter internal memory Ad all lle aaa ad ad A CCE la a ad ad ll ll a 2A ad ld lll la a al 2k of Read switch s status byte until all channels are scanned and scan complete bit 8 in the operation status register sets the OPR bit in the status byte dalla IS IKI II ICI IE I aK OK Retrieve the readings from the multimeter FETC Transfer measurements from the multimeter internal memory to the output buffer and retrieve them with the computer Retrieve the AVERage math operation response from the multimeter CALC AVE
228. stance and four wire resistance functions only The integration time for the math operations is the same as the integration time for the measurement function in use Except for FREQuency and PERiod functions integration time is usually specified in number of power line cycles NPLC The default NPLC is 10 You can also specify an integration time in seconds for de voltage de current resistance four wire resistance frequency and period using the aperture time command for each function Aperture time has a direct correlation to NPLC except for the FREQuency and PERiod functions which do not use NPLC See the SENSe FREQ APER and SENSe PER APER commands for setting frequency and period aperture time The integration time is stored in volatile memory The multimeter selects 10 PLCs at power on or after a module reset See following information for FREQuency and PERiod aperture time Only integral numbers of power line cycles 1 10 or 100 PLCs provide normal mode line frequency noise rejection You cannot control the reading rate for ac measurements with integration time because integration time is fixed at 10 PLCs for all ac measurements You must use a trigger delay to pace ac voltage and ac current measurements NPLCs are not applicable to the FREQuency and PERiod functions Frequency and period measurements set resolution by specifying aperture time The aperture time for the FREQuency and PERiod functions default to
229. sttssesseestrseseresesseseeeseseeseeeees 4 Figure 1 3 Switch Module Analog Bus Connections seesessesessseseseeetereseesrsreersresserrsserrsserresrertsrrntrrenrertsseetenrnesrsserensrere srt 5 Figure 1 4 Frequency or Period Measurement Connections sseeessseseeseeeessrterereerestsrertsseeresteestesrsrretterssentssreestnserensrer stt 5 Figure 1 5 Voltage Measurement Connections ooocccccncccnonnnoncnnconnonnconncnnocnnonnonnnonn none ran crono nn cnn non neon Donne cono nennn anar nnn ESE Keip E E inae 6 Figure 1 6 Voltage Ratio Vdc Measurement Connections cooocccccconcoonionconcnnnonnconocnnocnncononnnonn cnn ran non nr nn non nc nacen non nc onn conan nccnnnn 6 Figure 1 7 2 Wire Ohms Measurement Connections 0 eee eeeseeeeeseecseceeaeceeceseesecseeeceseeeeeaseseeesecseecaecaassaecnsenseeeesens 7 Figure 1 8 4 Wire Ohms Measurement Connections ocoooocccncconnnononnnonnnoncnancnnnnnnonnc on non ne cono ne cnn nnn enn none cano nn nr nnc nn non nc one conan nncnnnns 7 Figure 1 9 Current Measurement Connections isesi eee cseceseeseceecesecesceseeseceseceeecseesaecaecsaesaecsaeseceeeseseeseaeseaecsassaecaeenaeenees 8 Figure 2 1 Multimeter Triggering Flow Chart ooonocnnnninnincnoncnononnconnonnconocononnnonnnonnnnn non ron non A E EEn EE con non neon non E a o ies 35 Figure 2 2 Racal 4152A Multimeter and Switch Module Synchronization oooconocnnocconnnononnnonnnononanonnconccnnconnconc cono necnnonnnon 47 Figure 2 3 4152A Multimeter Status S
230. sus suede ins ug co bench oben bees Sade secu Oo Cee EE KO o E dial idas ds 130 REsSistance RANGE AUTO oia tata elites ubecne ash uve catbasi wad ile E ee ssi ubac eed sa cou teeta de 130 Parador a E sects Cov bese E AA E Dace tgs E soe debi Gosh E 130 OCCU E O ee eae ra cere 130 Example condi ea Sa Ne ees RAS ash ek hs es AL AT Nee ae se a etek sees 130 RESistance RANGe AUTO ooo ccceccccccccssceceecsesscececcsenssececesensneeeeeceseaseececeseasaeeececessaaeececessaaecesceeesaeeeccecssaeseseeenenees 130 Example NN 130 RESistance RESOTUON iii a Baa eT dira 131 A SS re eC ES 131 o O a ties Le be estes ek ties st 131 Example econo ts bebe cine OREA TE VEKE TEES NO eSEE EEN AD ESEE EIEEE ae E Teao EEEE ES ERE STOSS EES 131 RESistance RESOlUt IN 131 Example eS er eee 132 VOL Tage AC RAN GO E echoes acd bis abic cose lots Beebe osu sen ia 132 A E EN 132 o O O 132 Example sron rinii ath cite iio ri ad 132 VOL Tate AC RAN OOA aar ra a a eea e naen e aE ARo EREE Ra SA SEEE reaR he Sae Aese EE ne EEEE ae 132 Example cia ia ta id 133 Contents ix VOL Tage AC RANGe AUTO ui ti 133 A O A A deste tenets 133 Comment A ne le Shc ee ES 133 Example iaa 133 VOETage AC RANGE AUTO Moo A Uap daav ech gives Sebes tab lavendegiyee dG E E OEE 133 Example ines ssc vgces see eg nes Teed e op a a cbuchunte saben tae e a E gute Staak A Er e seecteud vey sue vans E E peeeeee tees 133 VOLTage AC RESON eos SS A Ee eas die a tens fe Be ee ae aa 134 Paramete
231. t 0 The VXIplug amp play Installation Disks contain a soft front panel executable and a LabWindows CVI driver as well as other features which aid in using the Racal 4152A Digital Multimeter In order to use these disks the disks must be installed The following steps are used to install the VXIplug play Installation Disks 1 Insert the disk labeled Disk 1 of 2 into the appropriate floppy drive Chapter 1 Files Installed by the VXIplug8play Installation Disks Running the Soft Front Panel After Installation 2 Go to the Start Taskbar and select Run 3 Enter drive setup exe 4 Select OK 5 Follow the instructions from the Installation Program The following files are installed by the VXIplug amp play Installation Disks VPNPDIR KBASE ri4152A kb Knowledge Base File VPNPDIR RI4152A ri4152a fp LabWindows CVI Driver Front Panel ri4152a c LabWindows CVI Driver Source Code ri4152a_32 exe 32 bit Soft Front Panel executable ri4152fp uir LabWindows CVI User Interface File ri4152 ico Soft Front Panel Icon readme txt Readme text file stub c Auxiliary File to contain functions uninst exe Uninstall Shield file uninst lrm Uninstall Shiled launcher ri4152a hlp Windows Help File ri4152a doc Text Document Help File VPNPDIR INCLUDE ri4152a h LabWindows CVI Driver Include File ri4152a bas Visual Basic File VPNPDIR BIN ri4152a_32 dll DLL File VPNPDIR lib bc ri4152a lib Borland C
232. t is secured You must unsecure it by entering the correct security code before you can calibrate the multimeter see CALibration SECure STATe command CALibration COUNt LFRequency 50 60 400 LFRequency MIN MAX SECure CODE lt new code gt SECure STATe OFF ON lt code gt SECure STATe STRing lt quoted string gt STRing VALue lt cal_value gt VALue ZERO AUTO ON OFF ZERO AUTO CALibration COUNt queries the multimeter to determine the number of times a point calibration has occurred A complete calibration of the multimeter increases the count by the number of points calibrated It is not a record of complete calibrations The count is stored in non volatile memory RST does not change the calibration count stored in non volatile memory Query the Number of Occurrences of Point Calibrations CAL COUN Query the calibration count CALibration LFRequency 50 60 400 sets the line frequency to either 50Hz or 60Hz The wrong line frequency setting will cause reading errors to occur You must execute the CAL LFR command with a parameter of 50 or 400 to change the line frequency setting to 50Hz Specifying 400Hz sets line frequency to 50Hz since 400 is an even multiple of 50 Default Setting 60 Hz RST does not change the line frequency setting Set the Line Frequency to 50Hz CAL LFR 50 Change the line frequency SCPI Command Reference 67 LFRequency Comments Example SECure CODE
233. t to solicit quotations from a competitive source or used for manufacture by anyone other than Astronics Test Systems The information herein has been developed at private expense and may only be used for operation and maintenance reference purposes or for purposes of engineering evaluation and incorporation into technical specifications and other documents which specify procurement of products from Astronics Test Systems TRADEMARKS AND SERVICE MARKS All trademarks and service marks used in this document are the property of their respective owners e Racal Instruments Talon Instruments Trig Tek ActivATE Adapt A Switch N GEN and PAWS are trademarks of Astronics Test Systems in the United States DISCLAIMER Buyer acknowledges and agrees that it is responsible for the operation of the goods purchased and should ensure that they are used properly and in accordance with this document and any other instructions provided by Seller Astronics Test Systems products are not specifically designed manufactured or intended to be used as parts assemblies or components in planning construction maintenance or operation of a nuclear facility or in life support or safety critical applications in which the failure of the Astronics Test Systems product could create a situation where personal injury or death could occur Should Buyer purchase Astronics Test Systems product for such unintended application Buyer shall indemnify and hold Astronics Test Syste
234. t turn on the math operation e g execute CALC STAT ON before writing to the math register The dBm reference is stored in non volatile memory Example Set the DBM Reference Value CALC STAT ON Turn on the math operation CALC DBM REF 135 Sets DBM reference value to 135 CALC FUNC DBM Select the DBM math operation You can select the calculate function at any time before or after enabling the calculate state DBM REFerence CALCulate DBM REFerence MIN MAX queries the dBm reference Example Query the DBM Reference Value Set for the DBM Math Operation CALC DBM REF Query the DBM reference value Chapter 3 SCPI Command Reference 63 FUNCtion CALCulate FUNCtion AVERage DB DBM LIMit NULL selects the math function to be used One function is enabled at a time with NULL the default The selected function MUST be enabled with CALC STATe ON Parameter AVERage measurements store the minimum and maximum readings from a Summary number of measurements The multimeter records the number of readings taken since the average function was enabled then calculates the average of all the readings You read these values with CALC AVER MIN MAX AVERage and COUNt DB measurements are the difference between the input signal and a stored relative value with both values converted to dBm DBM operations calculate the power delivered to a resistance referenced to 1 milliwatt The LIMit parameter enables pass fail testing on the upper
235. tance JE ce A 4 Vip SR aC C multimeter input capacitance 1 gt I LOO l l e i Error ipxRkR 16 Using The Instrument Chapter 2 Rejecting Power A desirable characteristic of integrating analog to digital A D converters Line Noise is their ability to reject spurious signals The integrating techniques reject power line related noise present with a dc signal on the input This is called Voltages normal mode rejection or NMR Normal mode noise rejection is achieved when the multimeter measures the average of the input by integrating it over a fixed period If you set the integration time to a whole number of power line cycles PLCs these errors and their harmonics will average out to approximately zero The 4152A provides three A D integration times 1 10 and 100PLCs to reject power line frequency noise and power line frequency harmonics Power line frequency defaults to 60Hz unless you specifically set it to 50Hz with the CAL LFR command The multimeter determines the proper integration time based on which power line frequency is set Table 2 2 shows the noise rejection achieved with various configurations Select a longer integration time for better resolution and increased noise rejection Table 2 2 Noise Rejection Integration Time Power Line Cycles PLCs 60Hz 50Hz NMR 0 02 400 us 400 us NONE 0 2 3ms 3ms NONE 1 16 7ms 20ms 60dB 10 167ms 200ms 60dB 100 1 67sec 2s
236. ted Commands FETCh INITiate READ Example Making 4 Wire Ohms Measurements MEAS FRES 1500 MAX Chapter 3 Function 4 wire ohms range selected 10kW MAX resolution 1Q SCPI Command Reference 93 PERiod MEASure PERiod lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF selects the period function and allows you to specify range and resolution Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt range gt numeric 3 33E 01 Sec lt resolution gt numeric 3 33E 05 3 33E 06 3 33E 07 Sec Comments The period function uses one range for all inputs between 0 33 seconds and 3 3 Sec A period measurement will return 0 if no input is applied Range and resolution settings are listed below for the MIN MAX DEF and AUTO parameters and after a module reset RST 94 SCPI Command Reference PARAMETER RANGE RESOLUTION MIN 3 33E 01 3 33E 07 MAX 3 33E 01 3 33E 05 DEF AUTO and module 3 33E 01 3 33E 06 reset RST Chapter 3 RESistance Parameters Comments MEASure RESistance lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF selects the 2 wire ohms function and allows you to specify the range and resolution Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt range gt numeric 1002 1kQ 10kQ 100kQ 1MQ ohms 10MQ 100MQ MIN MAX DEF AUTO
237. ter 3 SCPI Command Reference 157 Command Description SENSe VOLTage AC RANGe lt range gt MIN MAX Set range VOLTage AC RANGe MIN MAX Query range VOLTage AC RANGe AUTO OFF ON Enable disable autoranging VOLTage AC RANGe AUTO Query autorange mode VOLTage AC RESolution lt resolution gt MIN MAX Specify resolution VOLTage AC RESolution MIN MAX Query resolution VOLTage DC APERture 4ms 3ms 16 7ms Set integration time in seconds 167ms 1 66667s MIN MAX VOLTage DC APERture MIN MAX Query integration time seconds VOLTage DC NPLCycles 0 02 0 2 1 10 100 Set integration time in PLCs MIN MAX VOLTage DC NPLCycles MIN MAX Query integration time PLCs VOLTage DC RANGe lt range gt MIN MAX Set range VOLTage DC RANGe MIN MAX Query range VOLTage DC RANGe AUTO OFF ON Enable disable autoranging VOLTage DC RANGe AUTO Query autorange mode VOLTage DC RESolution lt resolution gt MIN MAX Specify resolution VOLTage DC RESolution MIN MAX Query resolution ZERO AUTO OFF ONCE ON Enable disable autozero mode ZERO AUTO Query autozero mode STATus PRESet Sets all bits of enable register to 0 QUEStionable CONDition Query the questionable condition register QUEStionable ENABle lt unmask gt Sets conditions in enable register QUEStionable ENABle Query the questionable enable register QUEStionable EVENt Query the questionable event register SYSTem ER
238. ter Error Messages 173 112 113 121 123 124 128 131 138 148 151 158 Program mnemonic too long A command header was received which contained more than the maximum 12 characters allowed Example CONFIGURATION VOLT DC A lt code gt string contains more than the maximum 12 characters allowed in the CALibration SECure CODE command Undefined header A command was received that is not valid for this multimeter You may have misspelled the command or it may not be a valid command If you are using the short form of the command remember that it may contain up to four letters Example TRIGG COUN 3 Invalid character in number An invalid character was found in the number specified for a parameter value Example STAT QUES ENAB B01010102 Numeric overflow A numeric parameter was found whose exponent was larger than 32 000 Example TRIG COUN 1E34000 Too many digits A numeric parameter was found whose mantissa contained more than 255 digits excluding leading zeros Numeric data not allowed A numeric parameter was found but a character string was expected Check the list of parameters to verify you have used a correct parameter type Example TRIG SOUR 1 Invalid suffix A suffix was incorrectly specified for a numeric parameter You may have misspelled the suffix Example TRIG DEL 0 5 SECS Suffix not allowed A suffix was received following a numeric parameter which does not accept a suffix Exam
239. that changes the NPLC setting The resolution will track the NPLC setting as shown in Tables 3 1 3 2 and 3 3 beginning on page 58 The following table shows range and NPLC settings for power on and after a module reset Changing a range within one function does not place other functions at that range setting Each function operates independently 4152A 4152A Special Function Power on State RST State F1 10V R3 NPLC 10 300V R5 NPLC 10 F2 1A R3 NPLC 10 1A R3 NPLC 10 F3 1kQ R2 NPLC 10 1kQ R2 NPLC 10 F4 1kQ R2 NPLC 10 1kQ R2 NPLC 10 Refer to Tables 3 1 3 2 and 3 3 in Chapter 3 to determine what resolution will result following a special function or special range change The NPLC setting remains fixed for each function during execution of the special function and range commands e g may differ from function to function Assume the power on state where the multimeter function is DC Voltage 10V range with an NPLC setting of 10 PLCs providing 10uV resolution see Table 3 1 on page 58 Use the special range command R5 to change the DC Voltage range to 300V The NPLC setting remains at 10 PLCs providing a resolution of 1mV see Table 3 1 on page 58 Use the special function command F3 to change the function to 2 Wire Resistance The range goes to the resistance power on state 1kQ for 2 Wire Resistance NPLC 10 it does not change with the previous DCV
240. tings have been altered since the last FETCh 1 e changing function or range the Data corrupt or stale error will be generated Note Ifyou do not alter settings you could FETCh the same data over and over again without error Readings sent to the output buffer can consist of two different lengths bytes or characters in Real ASCII format 1 23456E 12 LF or 1 234567E 12 LF Each measurement is terminated with a Line Feed LF The GPIB End or Identify EOI signal is sent with the last byte transferred If multiple measurements are returned the measurements are separated by commas and EOI is sent only with the last byte For example 1 23456E 12 LF 1 234567E 12 LF 1 23456E 12 LF EOI The Multimeter s internal memory stores 512 readings maximum Related Commands CONFigure INITiate READ RST Condition Executing FETCh after a RST generates error Data corrupt or stale RST places the multimeter in the idle state Example Transferring Stored Readings to Output Buffer dimension array Dimension computer array to store 100 readings CONF VOLT DC Function DC voltage SAMP COUN 100 100 readings per trigger INIT Store readings in internal memory trigger source is IMMediate by default FETC Place readings in output buffer enter statement Enter readings into computer 86 SCPI Command Reference Chapter 3 INITiate The INITiate command subsystem places the multimeter in the
241. tion gt numeric resolution A MIN MAX DEF To select a standard measurement range specify range as the input signal s maximum expected current The multimeter then selects the correct range to accept that input The AUTO option for the range parameter enables autorange and will not accept a resolution parameter but will default the integration time to 10 PLC The DEFault option for the range parameter will also enable autorange The DEF option for the resolution parameter defaults the integration time to 10 PLC The MIN and MAX parameters select the minimum or maximum values for range and resolution For range MIN 10 mA MAX 3A For resolution See Table 3 1 on page 58 for valid resolution choices for each range To select autorange specify AUTO or DEF for range or do not specify a value for the range and resolution parameters see next bullet comment In the autorange mode the multimeter samples the input signal before each measurement and selects the appropriate range To specify the MIN or MAX resolution while autoranging you must specify the AUTO or DEF parameter for range and specify MIN or MAX e g CONF CURR DC DEF MIN or CONF CURR DC DEF MAX or CONF CURR AUTO MIN or CONF CURR AUTO MAX you cannot omit the range parameter DEF or AUTO This prevents the MIN or MAX resolution from being interpreted as a range setting Example Making DC Current Measurements CONF CURR 3 MAX Function dc current rang
242. tion information in five parts Measurement Tutorial Measurement Configuration Math Operations Triggering the Multimeter 4152A Multimeter Application Examples Measurement Tutorial The 4152A is capable of making highly accurate measurements In order to achieve the greatest accuracy you must take the necessary steps to eliminate potential measurement errors This section describes common errors found in measurements and gives suggestions to help you avoid these errors DC Voltage Measurements Thermal EMF Thermoelectric voltages are the most common source of error in low level Errors dc voltage measurements Thermoelectric voltages are generated when you make circuit connections using dissimilar metals at different temperatures Each metal to metal junction forms a thermocouple which generates a voltage proportional to the junction temperature You should take the necessary precautions to minimize thermocouple voltages and temperature variations in low level voltage measurements The best connections are formed using copper to copper crimped connections Table 2 1 shows common thermoelectric voltages for connections between dissimilar metals Chapter 2 Using The Instrument 15 Table 2 1 Thermoelectric Voltages Copper to Approx uV C Copper lt 0 3 Gold 0 5 Silver 0 5 The Racal 4152A Brass 3 input terminals are Beryllium Copper sebperaliey Aluminum Kovar or Alloy
243. tomatically stored in the multimeter s null offset register Remove the short from the lead resistance at the DUT location and connect leads to your DUT READ Make a 2 wire ohms resistance measurement Enter lead resistance value into computer The NULL value is subtracted from the measurement to more accurately provide the DUT resistance 20 Using The Instrument Chapter 2 Power Dissipation Effects Settling Time Effects Errors in High Resistance Measurements Making High Speed DC and Resistance Measurements When measuring resistors designed for temperature measurements or other resistive devices with large temperature coefficients be aware that the multimeter will dissipate some power in the device under test If power dissipation is a problem you should select the multimeter s next higher measurement range to reduce the errors to acceptable levels Table 2 3 shows several examples Table 2 3 DUT Power Dissipation DUT Range Test Current Power at Full Scale 1000 1mA 100uW 1kQ 1mA 1mw 10kQ 100 nA 100uW 100kQ 10nA 10uW 1MQ 5uA 25uW 10MQ 500nA 2 5uW The 4152A has the ability to insert automatic measurement settling delays with the TRIG DEL command These delays are adequate for resistance measurements with less than 200pF of combined cable and device capacitance This is particularly important if you are measuring resistances above 100kQ Settling due to RC time const
244. ummary bit ESB bit 5 in the status byte ESE returns the current enable unmask value Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt unmask gt numeric 0 through 255 none A 1 in a bit position enables the corresponding event a 0 disables it Comments Executable when Initiated Yes Coupled Command No Related Commands ESR SRE STB RST Condition unaffected Power On Condition no events are enabled Example Enable All Error Events ESE 60 Enable error events Chapter 3 SCPI Command Reference 151 ESR Comments IDN Note Comments OPC Comments ESR returns the value of the Standard Event Status Register The register is then cleared all bits 0 Executable when Initiated Yes Coupled Command No RST Condition none Power On Condition register is cleared IDN returns identification information for the 4152A C size multimeter The response consists of four fields Racal Instruments 4152A 0 A 0x 0x A 0x 0x C size The first two fields identify this instrument as model number 4152A manufactured by Racal Instruments The third field is 0 since the serial number of the multimeter is unknown to the firmware The last field indicates the revision level of the inguard outguard firmware The firmware revision field will change whenever the firmware is revised A 01 00 A 01 00 is the initial revision The first two digits indicate the major r
245. ut before measurements complete FETC expects a response before the timeout interval specified in the program code Using the previous program detecting the OPC bit is recommended Retrieve the AVERage math operation response from the multimeter CALC AVER AVER Retrieve the average measurement value CALC AVER MAX Retrieve the maximum measurement value CALC AVER MIN Retrieve the minimum measurement value Check the multimeter for system errors SYST ERR Retrieve the system error response from the multimeter Chapter 2 Using The Instrument 51 LIMITTST Source Code File 52 Using The Instrument This program has the multimeter making measurements continuously until an upper or lower limit is exceeded The lower test limit is set to 2V the upper test limit is set to 8V Questionable Data Register bits 11 and 12 are unmasked to allow the LO and HI Limit Test Failures to set the QUE bit in the status byte An input less the 2V or greater than 8V will report a test failure and halt the program xik Set up the Multimeter RST Reset the multimeter CLS Clear the multimeter s status registers CONF VOLT 10 Configure for dc volts 10V range CALC STAT ON Enable the math function CALC LIM LOW 2 Set lower limit to 2 CALC LIM UPP 8 Set upper limit to 8 CALC FUNC LIM Select a math function set to LIMit STAT QUES ENAB 6144 Unmask the limit error bits Loop READ Trigger measurement and place response into the output buffer
246. ut buffer You can have a variable reading rate if your controller is busy doing other tasks instead of emptying the output buffer to make room for more readings 186 Measurement Speed and Accuracy Trade offs Appendix C
247. vent CLS Clear Status Clear Status Command ESE lt unmask gt Event Status Enable Standard Event Status Enable Command ESE Event Status Enable Query Standard Event Status Enable Query ESR Event Status Register Query Standard Event Status Register Query SRE lt unmask gt Service Request Enable Service Request Enable Command SRE Service Request Enable Query Service Request Enable Query STB Read Status Byte Query Read Status Byte Query Bus Operation TRG Bus Trigger When the multimeter is in the wait for trigger state and the trigger source is TRIGger SOURce BUS use TRG to trigger the multimeter 150 SCPI Command Reference Chapter 3 CLS CLS clears the Standard Event Status Register the Operation Status Register the Questionable Signal Register and the error queue This clears the corresponding summary bits 3 5 and 7 in the Status Byte Register CLS does not affect the enable unmasks of any of the Status Registers Comments Executable when Initiated Yes Coupled Command No Related Commands STATus PRESet RST Condition none ESE and ESE ESE lt unmask gt enables unmasks one or more event bits of the Standard Event Status Register to be reported in bit 5 the Standard Event Status Summary Bit of the Status Byte Register lt unmask gt is the sum of the decimal weights of the bits to be enabled allowing these bits to pass through to the s
248. ximate measurement error for a pulse train input with a crest factor of 3 and a fundamental frequency of 20kHz For this example assume the multimeter s 90 day accuracy specifications 0 05 0 03 Total Error 0 08 0 15 1 4 1 6 Chapter 2 Using The Instrument 23 Loading Errors ac volts AC Measurements Below Full Scale Function and Range Change Internal Offset Correction Temperature Coefficient Errors Overload Errors 24 Using The Instrument In the ac voltage function the input of the 4152A appears as a IMQ resistance in parallel with 100pF of capacitance The cabling that you use to connect signals to the multimeter will also add additional capacitance and loading For low frequencies where fx Rg lt 15 1 0 e Hz 100 X Rg Error Rot 1MQ For any frequency 1 1MQ IMOQ R gt IMQ R in TMQ R Error 100 x 1 1 2n fC R source resistance f input frequency Cin Input capacitance 100pF plus cable capacitance You can make the most accurate ac measurements when the multimeter is at full scale of the selected range Autoranging occurs at lt 10 and 2120 of full scale This enables you to measure some inputs at full scale on one range and 10 of full scale on the next higher range e g 10V on the 10V range or 10V on the 100V range The accuracy will be significantly different for these two cases For highest accuracy you should specify the ran
249. ystem cocinero st ceeeckepiaccesthsssse sopi ssi epbacee de sdpeaves dacasessceascdvea cspdssevisedsdesaasnnasiszes 49 Figure 3 1 4152A Status System Register Diagram 2 0 eee ec eececeeeeeeceseeeeecaeesaecaecsaesaecsecsecsesseeesesesaeeaessaecaeenaeeaes 142 List of Tables Table 1 1 Resolution of Power Line Cycles oooocnccnocioocconconoconconnnononn conc nono nnn cnn nrn nono c on non nono non neon non nnnnn anar rn nan nrn oracion nc rnccn aci nes 1 Table 2 1 Thermoelectric Voltages iii pg 16 Table 2 2 NO01S Recados cali 17 Table 2 3 DUT Power Dissipation iuris 21 Table 2 4 ACSional Filters iaa ia pao 27 Table 2 5 DC Voltage Input Resistance ooooonocninnnonononcnnconnconcnnncononononnnnnn cnn non crono nono r EEES EEEo EEKE PEE ano nana rn nan near OE nen acen ncnnos 27 Table 2 6 Resolution f Power Line Cycles visita ile 28 Table 2 7 Default Trip ger Delays went o o ia 40 Table 3 1 DC Voltage Resolution versus Integration Time or Aperture Time ooococcnncnnonnocnonncononanonnc nono nc cnn cononnnonnnnaninncns 58 Table 3 2 DC Current Resolution versus Integration Time or Aperture Time coooococcnicnncnncnnonnnononononnccnnonnconocononnnonnnnnnrnnnnno 58 Table 3 3 2 Wire and 4 Wire Resistance Resolution versus Integration Time or Aperture Time oooconoccnnnconnnononnnonncinnno 59 Table 3 4 AC Voltage Range versus Resolution oooooonncninccoconononnconoconocnncononononn irinin sneinen on non neon non neon non nennn SEKE EEEE 59 Table 3 5 AC

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