FSEC Standard 203-10 - Florida Solar Energy Center
Contents
1. Remote Residential PV System Systems must be capable of supplying the design energy for at least the manufacturer specified autonomous operation period without auxiliary energy Compliance will be based on the low voltage disconnect LVD set point during winter temperatures with the battery having a minimum three year battery lifetime under typical cycling Systems must provide 115 VAC 60 Hz single phase power at a minimum Systems must be supplied as complete packages and with all necessary installation hardware Systems must be capable of operating in temperatures of 20 to 45 C and shall be capable of meeting local design wind conditions System components packages must have proven and documented records of field performance and successful operation in similar applications Systems must have NEC approved means for accepting auxiliary 115 VAC power The supplier must provide each system s expected daily AC output kWh per day and maximum AC power capability peak watts at an insolation level of 5 kWh m per day 5 peak sun hours during summer months For systems with batteries flooded lead acid batteries are not allowed for installation in any conditioned space or living working areas of homes or facilities AC output of array should be metered Installation completed by individual organization with recognized competence i e certified by recognized organization installer trained by system supplier etc Appendix2. A typical peak value for irradiance at noon on a clear day on a surface normal to the sun s rays is 1000 W m Junction Box An enclosed terminal block on the back of PV modules or in other parts of a system which allows the modules array and other subsystems to be connected electrically in the system Low Voltage Disconnect LVD The battery voltage at which a controller disconnects the load defining the maximum DOD Low Voltage Disconnect Hysteresis LVDH The voltage between the LVD and the voltage at which the load is reconnected Major System Components Includes the photovoltaic PV modules and array batteries system controller and inverter as applicable Maximum Power Pmp The maximum power output of a photovoltaic cell module or array when operated at its highest efficiency point corresponding with the maximum power current and voltage Imp and Vmp Maximum Power Current Imp The current output of a photovoltaic cell module or array when operated at its maximum power point corresponding with the maximum power voltage Vmp Maximum Power Voltage Vmp The voltage output of a photovoltaic cell module or array when operated at its maximum power point corresponding with the maximum power current Imp Maximum System Voltage The maximum rated voltage for a PV system based on the rated open circuit voltage of the array and adjusted for the lowest ambient temperature at the installation site Used to deter
3. and is a document to be under their control Copies of the certificate will not be issued without approval of the certificate owner An assembly of similar components without approved documentation does not constitute an approved system An example of a System Approval Certificate is available from FSEC Note that these approvals do not replace or exempt any requirements of electric utilities or local jurisdictional authorities in matters such as permitting inspections or utility interconnection agreements as required for PV system installations When referring to FSEC approvals in any documentation produced by the supplier including technical or marketing information there shall be the following statement The photovoltaic system design described in this manual when properly installed and maintained meets the minimum recommended practices established by the Florida Solar Energy Center This approval does not imply endorsement or warranty of this product by the Florida Solar Energy Center or the State of Florida 9 5 Maintaining System Approvals A database of approved grid connected PV systems will be maintained by FSEC and produced on the Internet for public access To verify the approval status of a PV system design package an official or other interested party may contact FSEC or access the information via the Internet As indicated on the signature form required of all companies submitting a system design manufacturers and
4. FLORIDA SOLAR lt gt ENERGY CENTER FSEC STANDARD Procedures for Photovoltaic System Design Review and Approval FSEC Standard 203 10 January 2010 1679 Clearlake Road Cocoa FL 32922 5703 Phone 321 638 1000 Fax 321 638 1010 www fsec ucf edu G A Research Institute of the University of Central Florida Table of Contents AS e e a a a dae 1 20 Definitions et dd dlls 1 40 System Clas sialon A een eevee A 5 2D Grid Connected Systems pta tiles 5 4 1 1 Grid Connected PV Systems without Battery Storage ccoonnncooccccncccnnnnnnnnnns 5 4 1 2 Grid Connected PV Systems with Battery Storage cccccccnnnococccnncccnonnnnnnos 6 42 Stand Alone Syste IIIS eck a sn e esto r ra S a E a 6 4 2 1 PV Powered Water Pumping SysteIMS cccccccnnnnoooonocnnonnnononananncnoncccnonanannnos 6 4 22 PV Powered Lighting Systems o cy cseccdasaaccardeedanegneenrsedeedadagannsen sodoedsersoouanuanee 6 4 2 3 Remote Residential PV Systems cin dis 7 5 0 Criteria for System AAA O 7 6 0 Application for Design RevieW ooooonooncconncccnonnnononcnnnnnonononnnnnnnnnnnncnnnonnnannncccnnncnnnn 8 RO arid Tied Evaluation Proceso ia 8 7 1 System Documentation REVIEW ap 8 7 2 Electrical Design EVO A E toeleeedeeabetseee 8 La PV Modules and AS aa 9 7 4 Power Conditioning EquIpMeMt ooconoooocccnnccnnnnononononnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnonnnnnccnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnss 9 8 0 Stand Alone Evaluation Procesales 10 Beli PV Water Pumipine S Y A anes m
5. FSEC Standard 203 10 January 2010 9 1 Personnel A Design Review Committee DRC consisting of designated FSEC staff members evaluates all submittals DRC members must meet the following qualifications e B S or higher degree in engineering or equivalent e Sound knowledge of relevant sections of the current National Electric Code applicable standards and PV system design and installation practices e Minimum of three years work experience in photovoltaic systems including at least one year in PV system design Appendix FSEC Standard 203 10 January 2010 9 2 Record Keeping Documentation and archives for all correspondence are kept electronically and in hardcopy in the file room in the FSEC PVDG Division 9 3 Fees A fee sufficient to cover the costs of the design review and approval process shall be collected prior to the performance of these services Fees may be revised as deemed necessary to cover costs Information on the fee for this service is available at the Center 9 4 Use of System Approval Upon request the system manufacturer supplier or installation contractor shall furnish a copy of the complete System Manual and the System Approval Certificate to system owners code enforcement officials electric utilities or others involved in purchasing installing inspecting operating or maintaining the system The System Approval Certificate is issued to the individual or entity identified on the Design Review Application
6. System manuals electrical and mechanical drawings component manuals and other documentation submitted for review will be evaluated according to the requirements of this document When the review is completed FSEC will provide the supplier with a report on the evaluation and note any deficiencies required for approval After all deficiencies have been resolved approval will be granted and the supplier will be awarded a System Approval Certificate 7 1 System Documentation Review A complete system documentation package is a fundamental requirement for system approvals At a minimum this documentation must include system specifications parts lists electrical schematics mechanical drawings and instructions for the installation operation and maintenance of the system The supplied documentation is reviewed to verify that the following items are included System description and specifications Data sheets for all major components modules inverters etc Complete electrical schematic Warranty information on components and complete system It is strongly encouraged to provide the following items with the system submittal System installation and checkout procedures System operation maintenance and troubleshooting instructions Owners manuals for individual major components 7 2 Electrical Design Evaluation Safe and code compliant electrical designs are a principal concern of these approvals and must be consistent with the r
7. certification does not have to precluded the submittal of an application for system certification but is required for final approval of the design 7 4 Power Conditioning Equipment Inverters chargers controllers and other power processing hardware are critical components in these approvals and this equipment must meet industry standards for grid connected PV systems Acceptable voltage set points and other system programming or control set points must also be consistent for the type of batteries used as applicable The system documentation and equipment specifications are reviewed for Compliance with current standards UL 1741 and IEEE 929 Specification and appropriateness of inverter controller operating windows for PV array under highest and lowest temperature extremes Specification and appropriateness of control or programmable set points for charge control with given battery Inclusion of owner s operator s and user s manuals for all major power processing components Appendix FSEC Standard 203 10 January 2010 8 0 Stand Alone Evaluation Process The majority of the criteria for grid connected systems are also applicable to off grid system approval The electrical systems are evaluated for code compliance and sound design principles the mechanical systems are analyzed for basic stability and function the components must meet minimum standards and be of the appropriate type and size and the remainder of the docume
8. ding exposure to temperatures of 20 to 45 C and shall be capable of meeting local design wind conditions The supplier must provide each system s light output foot candles and run time at an isolation level of 5 kWh m per day 5 peak sun hours Systems must be capable of supplying the design energy for the specified period without auxiliary energy based on the low voltage disconnect LVD set point during winter temperatures and have a minimum three year battery lifetime under typical cycling Appendix FSEC Standard 203 10 January 2010 8 3 The maximum allowable depth of discharge should be no more than 50 percent of the nominal battery capacity for the given discharge rates or higher depending upon the appropriate value for the selected battery technology The specified LVD set point of the battery charge controller should be consistent with the maximum allowable depth of discharge for the battery Battery charge voltage temperature compensation must be provided as part of the charge controller and the temperature compensation coefficients must be specified Lamps ballasts and fixtures must be suitable for outdoor application must be fully described and must meet a minimum 3 year service life Light fixtures and lamps must meet a minimum illumination level of 0 4 foot candle over a 400 square foot area for the area lighting systems and a minimum illumination of 0 8 foot candle over the given area for sign lighting systems
9. ems may also include battery storage other generating sources and may operate on site loads independent of the utility network during outages I V Curve Represents the current voltage I V performance of a photovoltaic cell module or array at a given operating temperature and solar irradiance Appendix FSEC Standard 203 10 January 2010 Innovative Equipment Photovoltaic systems and or equipment which due to its design can not be evaluated adequately and fairly by methods described in this document Insolation solar radiation The energy flux from the sun received on a unit surface area usually expressed in units of kWh m day for the average daily or monthly conditions at a given location For a given location the amount of insolation received defines the maximum energy production of a photovoltaic array Inverter A power conversion device that transforms DC power into AC power at specified voltage and frequency Can operate directly from either PV arrays or batteries and produce AC power to operate loads independently or operate interconnected to and in parallel with the utility grid Interconnection The technical and administrative process by which PV systems and other distributed generators are connected to and operated in parallel with the electric utility network Irradiance The instantaneous solar power or rate of solar flux received on a unit surface area generally expressed in units of watts per square meter W m
10. ended to operate synchronously and in parallel with the electric utility network Such systems may also include battery storage other generating sources and may operate on site loads independent of the utility network during outages There are three types of stand alone systems covered by this document These include PV powered water pumping systems PV powered lighting systems and remote residential PV systems 4 1 1 Grid Connected PV Systems without Battery Storage Grid connected or utility interactive PV systems are designed to operate in parallel with and interconnected to the electric utility grid The primary component in grid connected PV systems is the inverter or power conditioning unit PCU The PCU converts the DC power produced by the PV array into AC Loads Appendix FSEC Standard 203 10 Jai AC power consistent with the voltage and power quality requirements of the utility grid and automatically stops supplying power to the grid when the utility grid is not energized A bi directional interface is made between the PV system AC output circuits and the electric utility network typically at the on site distribution panel or service entrance This allows the AC power produced by the PV system to either supply on site electrical loads or to supply power to the grid when the PV system output is greater than the on site load demand At night and during other periods when the electrical loads are greater than the PV system ou
11. equirements of the NEC At a minimum supplier s electrical drawings must include the Appendix FSEC Standard 203 10 January 2010 types sizes ratings and locations of all conductors overcurrent and disconnect devices terminations and connectors conduit and junction boxes and grounding systems Complete electrical schematics are required for these items Design documentation installation instructions and electrical schematics are reviewed to verify that they specify and diagram Types sizes and locations of all system conductors Types ratings and locations for all required system disconnect and overcurrent devices Ratings and locations for blocking and bypass diodes as applicable Requirements for equipment and system grounding and surge suppression Methods and equipment required to interface the PV system output with the electric utility grid Types ratings and locations for all conduit and junction boxes DC voltage drop limitations and conductors required for given length PV module equipment grounding PV system grounding Charge controller details if applicable Battery wiring if applicable 7 3 PV Modules and Arrays An important part of the system design reviews is ensuring that quality PV modules are used Basic requirements include applicable qualification tests and product listings and manufacturers specifications PV modules used in systems submitted for review must be FSEC certified Module
12. hotovoltaic cell module or array measured in a short circuit condition and directly proportional to the solar irradiance Stand Alone Photovoltaic System A solar photovoltaic system that supplies power independently of an electrical production and distribution network Standard Operating Conditions SOC A secondary reference condition for the performance ratings of photovoltaic modules and arrays Based on a solar irradiance of 1 000 W m nominal operating cell temperature NOCT and under the ASTM standard G173 air mass AM 1 5 global spectrum SOC represents a more typical temperature condition for PV modules and arrays operating in the field Standard Test Conditions STC The industry accepted primary reference condition for the performance ratings of photovoltaic cells modules and arrays Based on a solar irradiance of 1 000 W m a PV cell temperature of 25 C air mass 1 5 and under the ASTM standard spectrum AM 1 5 Seldom do PV devices operate at STC rather actual measurements are translated to these conditions for the purposes of ratings and comparison between different modules and arrays Standard A document that specifies the performance test procedures durability or safety requirements for a system or component Appendix FSEC Standard 203 10 January 2010 State of Charge SOC The amount of energy in a battery expressed as a percentage of the energy stored in a fully charged battery System Approval The pr
13. ie eee ARAS 10 S2 PVL MES VS TEMAS rallada di sidoehadantente eedeeniteruguand adorns Sec 10 8 3 Remote Residential PV SISMO 11 Dele o A O 12 OD R cord RE ld ia 13 9 3 A tele Seis ic deeded Ad a a ks Gall octave doce Se eee dante tal Di iae tata 13 9 4 AISE OLS VSLGMI ANP PLOW el MAA O merusndulmiaeeas ces 13 95 Maintaining System Appro Val SA enna cdeedndea eiasaged 13 O31 Denial OF Approvals ain a eaten icc eta atte soa teat etatee Mamas 14 9 5 2 Revocation Of Approval cssesscccccesesesssseecccceeeesesssssseeeceeeesseeenssseeseees 14 9 5 2 L gt Supp Wer MIM a 14 9 522 A ree eer nce ncn Per 14 FSEC Standard 203 10 January 2010 1 1 0 Scope This evaluation covers any type of photovoltaic system that is either interconnected with the utility grid or is a stand alone system that falls within the parameters described below These system evaluations are based on the complete design and documentation packages that accompany the application for design review Items evaluated include safety and code compliance of the overall design individual components and their interactions with one another and completeness of instructions diagrams and schematics for system installation operation and maintenance This review and approval procedure does not cover site specific requirements or issues nor do these approvals replace or exempt any requirements of electric utilities or local jurisdictional authorities such as permitting inspecti
14. mine acceptable ratings for electrical devices used in the system Appendix FSEC Standard 203 10 January 2010 Model A photovoltaic system or component that is distinguished by a specified size set of materials configuration and performance A change in any of these basic characteristics constitutes a new model Module A group of PV cells connected in series and or parallel and encapsulated in a laminate The basic building block for PV arrays Nominal Operating Cell Temperature NOCT A reference temperature of a photovoltaic module or array operating at an irradiance level of 800 W m an ambient temperature of 20 C a wind speed of 1 0 m s and with the module or array in open circuit condition Open Circuit Voltage Voc The maximum voltage output of a photovoltaic cell module or array measured in an open circuit condition Panel A group of modules that is the basic building block for installing PV arrays Peak Sun Hours See Insolation Rate of Charge Discharge The current flow into or out of a battery Expressed as a ratio of the nominal battery capacity to the charge or discharge time period in hours Regulation Voltage VR The maximum voltage the controller allows the battery to reach before the array is disconnected Regulation Voltage Hysteresis VRH The voltage span between the VR and the voltage at which the array is reconnected to the battery Short Circuit Current Isc The maximum current output of a p
15. ng where included and load requirements are critical aspects of success in meeting the customer s needs 4 2 1 PV Powered Water Pumping Systems Water pumping is a major application for PV systems across the western US Typically these systems include a ground mounted array with or without an optional mechanical tracking device a pump controller an inverter for AC pump motors and the pump motor Inverter Power Controller assembly operating off either DC or AC ea a Motor Pump Water is pumped only during daylight hours Unit and is usually stored in a water tank to i cover periods of bad weather Batteries Standby Building Loads Loads banks also may be incorporated in these systems as well 4 2 2 PV Powered Lighting Systems Ar i y Photovoltaic powered lighting systems are an option for providing area lighting and sign lighting in lieu of extending utility service These systems are sold as packages including the array batteries battery enclosure charge PV Array gt P l controller lighting controller light fixture Lanisolise ballast and lamp The systems are typically small total module output is typically under 0 250 Wsrc The arrays are usually pole Light ther mounted or mounted to the sign structure and 5 Load o should be equipped with vandal resistant hardware High pressure sodium low pressure sodium and fluorescent fixtures are popular ch
16. ntation package must clearly communicate instructions for installation operation maintenance etc Because of the nature of Off Grid systems some criteria differ from Grid Tied systems These are specific to the intended application of the PV system and are listed in the following sections 8 1 8 2 PV Water Pumping System Systems must be supplied with complete installation operation and maintenance manuals for utility personnel and a user manual for the utility customer Systems must include two distinct sub systems including 1 a fully integrated PV power supply PV modules and power controller or inverter with all hardware needed for installation excluding water pipe and pump cable and 2 the associated pump motor unit including all wiring fittings etc The supplier must provide e performance curves for the pump as a table or chart showing pump output in gallon per minute GPM verses power input W to the unit for a given Total Dynamic Head TDH e daily water output for an isolation value of 5kWhr m per day 5 peak sun hours The pump motor units may be DC or AC PV Lighting Systems Systems must be supplied as complete packages with all hardware and wiring necessary for installation excluding poles or sign lighting arms and wiring for sign lights Systems must have an appropriate array to load ratio typically between 1 3 and 1 5 All PV system components exposed to the elements must be capable of withstan
17. ntroller Algorithm Defines the way the charge controller regulates the array charging of the battery Common types include series shunt on off interrupting constant voltage and pulse width modulated PWM Cut Off Voltage The lowest voltage that a battery is allowed to reach in operation defining the battery capacity at a specific discharge rate Cycle Refers to a discharge to a given depth of discharge followed by a complete recharge A 100 percent depth of discharge cycle provides a measure of the total battery capacity Depth of Discharge DOD The percentage of capacity that has been withdrawn from a battery compared to the total fully charged capacity Direct Current DC A unidirectional current or signal in an electrical circuit usually represented with a positive and negative polarity Photovoltaic cells and batteries are direct current DC devices Efficiency The ratio of the output and input power of an energy conversion system Photovoltaic module and array efficiency is defined as the maximum power output of the module array divided by the irradiance and array surface area FSEC The Florida Solar Energy Center 1679 Clearlake Road Cocoa Florida 32922 5703 Grid Connected Photovoltaic Systems An electrical power generating system that uses a photovoltaic PV array as the primary source of electricity generation and is intended to operate synchronously and in parallel with the electric utility network Such syst
18. ocess outlined in this standards document that provides a method for evaluating the suitability of PV system design packages System Controller The device or combination of devices in a PV system that regulates the state of charge of the battery subsystem and may also provide load control functions System Manual The complete documentation package accompanying an approved PV system design Must be submitted for design review and include at a minimum electrical and mechanical drawings parts source lists manuals for major components modules inverters etc and instructions for installation operation and maintenance of the system Total Dynamic Head The vertical distance from the center of the pump to the point of free discharge of the water Pipe friction is included 4 0 System Classifications The design review process focuses on two categories of photovoltaic systems grid connected and stand alone 4 1 Grid Connected Systems Two types of grid connected photovoltaic systems are considered in this FSEC standard These include grid connected PV systems without battery storage and grid connected PV systems with battery storage For the purposes of this document and the scope of the design review and approval process the following is the intended definition of a grid connected photovoltaic system An electrical power generating system that uses a photovoltaic PV array as the primary source of electricity generation and is int
19. oices for these lights Protection of the batteries from significant temperature variations is an important installation issue with these systems Enclosure provisions for the batteries should moderate any temperature excursions to extend the lifetime and capacity of the batteries 4 2 3 Remote Residential PV Systems Photovoltaic systems can power remote residences and other small facilities where utility power is not available or desired These systems typically utilize a roof or ground mounted array a battery charge controller battery storage and an inverter to supply 115 VAC 60 Hz Inverter Powel Distributio electrical service These systems may also be supplied with an pit auxiliary source of power such as small wind generators and or engine generators to meet electrical needs during periods of bad weather These systems may also be configured as portable power generators either skid or trailer mounted and are complete packages with integrated components 5 0 Criteria for System Approval Criteria for system approvals are based on applicable codes and standards and consistency with industry accepted design practices Evidence to support these criteria must be contained in the supplier s System Manual General criteria include Conformance of the overall electrical design and specified installation methods with all relevant sections of the National Electrical Code Evidence of applicable product listings for major component
20. ons or utility interconnection agreements as required for PV system installations 2 0 Definitions The terms defined below have the given meaning in this document and the procedures described herein Alternating Current AC Waveform characteristic of electrical power produced from rotating machinery typical for utility generation transmission and distribution Allowable DOD The maximum percentage of full rated capacity that can be operationally withdrawn from a battery dictated by the cut off voltage and discharge rate Ampere Hour Ah Common measure of a battery s electrical storage capacity An ampere hour is equal to the transfer of one amp over one hour A battery that discharges 5 amps for 20 hours delivers 100 ampere hours Array A group of panels modules that comprises the complete PV generating unit Average Daily DOD The percentage of the full rated capacity that is withdrawn from a battery with the average daily load profile Autonomy A term used to describe the period the electrical load can operate with the given battery storage capacity in a PV system Determined by the load current and the battery capacity from full state of charge to the load disconnect point with no input from the PV array Balance of System BOS Components A term used to describe components other than the major PV system components including but not limited to conductors and terminations disconnects and overcurrent protection devices gr
21. ounding and surge protection equipment support structures and enclosures auxiliary systems and instrumentation and monitoring equipment Batteries and Battery Bank An electrochemical energy storage and delivery system used in PV systems to store the energy produced by the PV array and to provide back up power to on site loads or to feed the utility grid Appendix FSEC Standard 203 10 January 2010 Battery Capacity A measure of a battery s ability to store and deliver electrical energy Commonly expressed in units of ampere hours Ah at a specified temperature discharge rate and cut off voltage Design features that affect battery capacity include quantity of active material number design and physical dimensions of the plates and electrolyte specific gravity Operational factors that affect battery capacity include discharge rate depth of discharge cut off voltage temperature battery age and cycle history Blocking Diode Placed in series with a module or string of modules to prevent reverse current flow and protect PV modules Conducts current during normal operation Can be used to prevent discharge of batteries at night in stand alone systems Bypass Diode Also called shunt diodes used to pass current around rather than through a group of cells or modules Permit the power produced by other parts of the array to pass around groups of cells or modules that develop an open circuit or high resistance condition Charge Co
22. s from Underwriters Laboratory UL or other recognized laboratory Module certification according to FSEC Standard 202 current version Where battery storage is used conformance with Applicable codes and standards Appendix FSEC Standard 203 10 January 2010 Warranty information for complete system and individual components 6 0 Application for Design Review Any system integrator supplier owner designer or installation contractor may initiate the design review process by completing an application form and submitting all required documentation and materials to FSEC for review A single application must accompany each system submitted Anyone requesting design review and approval should use the National Elecrtic Code NEC and the checklist on the application as a guide More information regarding the process for submitting designs for review is available from FSEC s Internet web site The organization or individual submitting the design for approval will be responsible for meeting all criteria by providing the necessary documentation drawings schematics parts lists manuals and warranty documentation as applicable The initial system design review process will be completed in the order applications are received Applications that are incomplete or inaccurate required will be identified for the applicant and the designs must be appropriately amended by the applicant prior to approval 7 0 Grid Tied Evaluation Process
23. so inform the applicant of the Review Committee s recommendations 9 5 2 Revocation of Approval 9 5 2 1 Supplier initiated The party who has been issued an approval for a photovoltaic system may voluntarily terminate the approval by giving written notice to FSEC The note shall state the effective termination date and the reasons for termination 9 5 2 2 FSEC initiated FSEC may revoke or suspend an approval for a grid connected PV system package in the event of e Deliberate misrepresentation of documentation submitted in the application for design review and approval e Claiming that one PV system approval applies to another system which has not been approved e Failure to comply with a condition of approval or product labeling e Failure to correct a discrepancy that is detected by FSEC after initial FSEC approval Supplier will be given 30 days in which to make corrections The procedure for appeal of certification revocation shall conform to the process for appeal of denial of certification specified above Appendix FSEC Standard 203 10 January 2010
24. suppliers must contact FSEC when components configurations or documentation for approved system are modified FSEC may evaluate approved designs on a periodic basis to determine if each System Manual and the system and components are still accurate and up to date any changes or updates are required Changes in an approved system that require the approval of FSEC include Changes in the type model or manufacturer of the photovoltaic modules arrays battery bank inverter or other primary system components Appendix FSEC Standard 203 10 January 2010 A change in the system diagram configuration or electrical schematic that is a change in the arrangement of components in the system or a change in the ratings of specific components Any significant change in the System Manual drawings electrical components or array mounting hardware or design 9 5 1 Denial of Approval If FSEC determines that the applicant does not satisfy all the criteria as outlined in this document FSEC shall give the applicant a written report detailing all reasons for denying approval using the Design Review Checklist and Reporting Form sample available from FSEC An applicant aggrieved by the FSEC decision may file a written request for review with FSEC The FSEC Director shall appoint a Review Committee which will reconsider the information on file Based on the Review Committee s findings FSEC shall affirm modify or reverse the initial decision and shall
25. tput the balance of power required by the loads is received from the electric utility When the utility grid is down these systems automatically shut down and disconnect from the grid This safety feature is required in all grid connected PV systems and ensures that the PV system will not continue to operate and feed back onto the utility grid when the grid is down for service or repair 4 1 2 Grid Connected PV Systems with Battery Storage This type of system is extremely popular for homeowners and small businesses where backup power is required for standby loads such as refrigeration water pumps lighting and other necessities Under normal circumstances the system operates in a grid connected mode supplementing the on site loads or sending excess power back onto the grid while keeping the battery fully charged In the event the grid becomes de energized control circuitry in the inverter opens the connection with the utility through a bus transfer mechanism and operates the inverter from the battery to supply power to the dedicated standby load circuits only In this configuration standby loads are typically supplied from a dedicated load sub panel 4 2 Stand Alone Systems Each of these systems can provide power to DC loads With the incorporation of an inverter in the system each can also supply AC loads Unlike the grid connected systems these systems must generate all the power available to the loads Thus array sizing and battery sizi
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