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2414A Manual

1. 5 FM carrier cycles 20 Y lt phase gt 0 lt mod cycles gt 1 lt phase gt 0 lt index gt 10 Gaussian Exponent 2 00 HSIN 1 00 Linear Sweep lt start cycles gt 1 lt end cycles gt 10 Log Sweep lt start cycles gt 1 Y lt end cycles gt 10 Parameter Pulse lt of pulses gt lt delay gt lt risetime gt lt hightime gt lt falltime gt lt carrier cycles gt lt phase gt lt mod cycles gt lt phase gt Sawtooth lt cycles gt lt duty cycle gt SCM Sine Sine X Over X Square lt cycles gt lt duty cycle gt Triangle Sync Sel 1 3 amp 4 Waveform Memory WAVE Size Data SYNC start length STDW Size Data SYNC start length Sequence Generator SEQ Buffer Memory BUFR Size Data Default Value 1 0 10 30 10 20 0 1 0 1 100 SAW 0 SAW 1 cycle 0 phase 1 cycle 1 50 1 cycle ADDRess 000 001 002 003 004 2000 points Affected 0 1 1000 points 1 cycle sinewave 1 000 001 002 00 01 02 03 04 2000 points Affected Factory Set wA o4 44 ad x 2 woe cx Ig RST 2 2222224242224 Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged Unchanged 10 41 10 42 10 7 WAVEFORM EDITING PRINCIPLES In order to successfully apply the waveform editing commands of the Model 2414 it is im
2. 39V3U31NI 2 01 32012 3 1dWVS HOLVH3N39 SS3uaav 3ALOV AHONW3W WHOd33AVM 3333089 39V3H31NI 140 28873331 171035 22 2 SH 8199 NI SIL 1n0 N ZHW 1no 91 NAS 170 49019 018 1 0 inoz 1 ONAS WAVEFORM SEQUENCE WORK SHEET TEGAM 2414A STANDARD WAVEFORM SEQUENCE APPLICATION STEP WAV NUMBER of BURST 1993 TEGAM INC WAVEFORM DESIGN SHEET WAVEFORM TYPE WAV LENgth 999 499 WAVEFORM LENGTH 49 0 2047 1526 1024 1536 2048 2000 0 L 1000 0 5118 1 5 1V911H3A L APPLICATION TEGAM INC DICTIONARY OF TERMS ADDS Modulation __ 4 ASNC Asynchronous 3 Cane 7 CHRD Chord Continuous O O O oo O Delete DELF Delete File _____________ DELS Delete Step DSO Storage Oscilloscope IEP _______ ELE UPS e Frequency Modulation FUNC Function GAUS Gaussian 1 GPIB ______ Purpose Interface HSIN 7 EN MBST Monitor Burst Count
3. gt 0 THEN CALL 2 e amp L EN temp2 temp2s StartIndexS 1 Index amp StopIndex amp tPosition amp CHRS ArbData amp IndexPointer amp CurrentPosition amp 2 CHRS INT ArbDa ta amp AND 255 ext ERROR lt lt lt lt VAL InputString STOP Arb3 CLS APPENDIX MENU LOGIC TREE This Menu Tree provides a complete list of all setup and control display menus Pressing a hard key opens a menu with additional choices The submenus are shown horizontally to the right and below the main menu selections The second branch submenus are shown vertically below the submenu selections Keys are identified as shown below Many entries provide softkey selections of DO OK and CANCEL SECOND LEVEL SOFTKEY FIRST LEVEL THIRD LEVEL SOFTKEY HARDKEY SOFTKEY WAVEFORM PARAMETER KEY GROUP FOURTH LEVEL SOFTKEY E E Set Waveform Set Sequence See next page Number Number Set Phase Set Duty Cycle Set Number Set Duty Cycle Set Number Set Number Set Number Set Duty Cycle Set Value Set Time Set Time Set Number Constant Constant Set Carrier Freq Set Carrier Freq Set Carrier Freq Set Number Set Mod Freq Set Mod Freq Set Mod Freq Set Carrier Phase Set Carrier Phase Set Carrier Phase Set Mod Phase Set Mod Phase Set Mod Phase Set Modulation Set Mod Index
4. NR1 Limits Min Max 001 1E3 001 1E3 0 360 1 1E3 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 1 1 2 0 100 0 1E3 0 360 0 1 4 0 360 0 1 4 0 360 1 1 0 100 4 1 1 1 Command Description Generates a logarithmically swept sine wave with the number of starting and ending cycles as specified Constant must be sent as third parameter but will be ignored Generates pseudo random noise in the selected waveform memory Ref WAVE command Generates a pulse train with the number of pulses as specified in the first parameter Delay rise high falltime are all expressed in percentages of the period of the pulse Invert specifies whether the pulses will be inverted or not Generates a sawtooth waveform with the number of cycles as specified Duty cycle is 50 unless set otherwise Invert sets the sawtooth to a NORMal rising or INVERTed falling waveform Generates a sinewave with the number of cycles as specified Generates a sinewave amplitude modulated waveform with suppressed carrier Ref WAVE command The first two parameters specify the carrier characteristics and the second two the modulating waveform Generates a squarewave with the number of cycles as specified Generates the function sine x x as a waveform with the number of specified cycles Generates a triangle wave in the currently selected waveform memory with the number of specified cycles 0 1310
5. ANCH STRT Set Left Anchor AL Set X Address LX Set Right Anchor AR Set Y Address LY MODP ANCH Increment X Value PX Set Left Anchor AL Decrement X Value PX Set Right Anchor AR SCAL CHRD Set Chord X Address CX Set Chord Y Address CY ZL VL Set Z Amplitude 1 SUMF DMP Select Function Select Function Select Ancillary Select Ancillary Function Function SHOW ADDV 14 Set Vertex X Select Three Address VX Waveform Numbers Set Vertex Y Address VY OP AB 5 Set Digital Amplitude DA A B Set Digital Offset DO ANCH Set Left Anchor AL Set Right Anchor AR INSF Select Function SHOW gt Set Waveform Parameters Select Waveform Number SMOO MOVE Select Samples Set Anchors to Average COPY SHOW PSTE Set Stored Setting Number OUTPUT KEY YN1 ADDR ENDP Set Store Setting Number SER PAR SYN ADDR WRUN SYN4 ADDR ENDB WVYDVId 001 i I 1 SON AW1dSIG T3NVd 1NOHH 593151939 9313 JOH1NOO 180 91901 AHOW3W 0 13853130 32 3 5 NIWNS 30 SSVd 1ndino
6. lt constant Data Format lt NR gt lt NR gt lt NR gt lt NR gt lt NR gt lt NR gt lt NR gt lt NR gt NORM INVERT lt NR gt lt NR gt lt NR gt lt NR gt lt NR gt lt NR gt Limits Min Max O 1E4 0 360 0 1E4 0 360 0 200 0 1 4 0 360 2048 2047 0 20 0 1 4 0 360 0 1 4 0 360 0 100 0 20 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 360 Command Description REFER TO SECTION 10 7 FOR AN OVERVIEW OF WAVEFORM EDITING Generates a sinewave amplitude modulated by a sinewave in the selected waveform memory Ref WAVE command The first two parameters specify the carrier characteristics and the second two the modulating waveform Modulation index can vary from 0 to 200 Generates a semicircle in the selected waveform memory The first parameter specifies the number of cycles while the second specifies starting phase in degrees Generates a horizontal line at Y value the selected waveform memory Generates a decaying exponential with the specified exponent in the selected waveform memory The vertical range of the waveform is always between 0 and 2047 The keyword sets the waveform to a NORMal or INVERTed positive going or negative going respectively decay Generates sinewave frequency modulated by a sinewave in the selected waveform memory The first two parameters specify the carrier characteristics and the second two the mod
7. 0502 LAST BAUD 2 4K LAST PAR NONE LAST BITS 8DS1 LAST gt HAND SW ENTER To plot waveform press SETUP PLOT START on Tek2232 ink For Tektronix 2440 D Represents a Designated Hard Key Represents a Soft Key SETUP OUTPUT SETUP MODE DEVICES HPGL PLOTTER SETUP Settings OFF Text OFF Graph OFF Wvfm ON Pg Size US 2414A Setup UTIL GPIB DSO2 ENTER To plot waveform press SETUP OUTPUT PLOT on the Tek2440 Warranty TEGAM Inc warrants this product to be free from defects in material and workmanship for a period of one year from date of shipment During the warranty period we will at our option either repair or replace any product that proves to be defective To exercise this warranty contact TEGAM Inc Ten Tegam Way Geneva Ohio 44041 FAX 440 466 6110 440 466 6100 M F 8 a m 5 p m ET You will be given prompt assistance and return instructions Send the instrument transportation prepaid to the indicated service facility Repairs will be made and the instrument returned transportation prepaid Repaired products are warranted for the balance of the original warranty or at least 90 days whichever is longer LIMITATION OF WARRANTY TEGAM Inc warranty does not apply to defects resulting from unauthorized modification or misuse of any product or part This warranty also does not apply to fuses batteries or damage from batt
8. 2 Press SEQ softkey 3 Select appropriate sequence file number 4 Press OPEN softkey 5 Press ADDS softkey 6 Select desired new step number with edit knob or keypad 7 Program new step as in paragraph 7 2 steps 8 to 13 7 5 DELETING A STEP FROM AN EXISTING SEQUENCE Press SETUP key Press SEQ softkey Select appropriate sequence file number Press OPEN softkey Select step number to be deleted with edit knob or keypad Press DELS softkey 7 Press OK to delete step or CANC to cancel 4 2 3 4 5 6 7 6 MODIFYING A STEP WITHIN AN EXISTING SEQUENCE 7 4 Press SETUP key Press SEQ softkey Select appropriate sequence file number Press OPEN softkey Select step number to be modified with edit knob or keypad Press MODS softkey Select desired Waveform Number for this step with edit knob or keypad Press double arrow key to move burst number to right side of display Set desired number of waveform repetitions with edit knob or keypad 0 4 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Press OK to enter numbers or CANC to cancel SECTION 8 MULTIPLE UNITS 8 1 INTRODUCTION Multiple Model 2414A s can be operated synchronously in parallel or series Synchronous operation of multiple units eliminates triggering jitter and minimizes clock delays In synchronous operation the units must share the same sample clock and be programmed for a synchronous trigger interconnect Refer to Figures 8
9. Sequence offers virtual memory expansion and comprehensive real world simulations waveform stored in memory may be output in any order in a seamless manner and be repeated up to 1 000 000 times Test profiles are easily defined by the use of a table to select each waveform in turn and designating the number of times each is looped EDIT Copy Paste Point Vertex Digital Pattern Harmonics FFT IFFT Sequence AUXILIARY FEATURES Fast Fourier transform offers frequency analysis and graphical presentation for frequency spectrum editing Recreation of the time domain waveform is offered using the inverse transform A complete sample value tabulation of each waveform allows for point by point modification digital pattern describes the bit by bit synthesis of each waveform for editing in this arena FFT Graph of Sinc jon uu MUN U TEGAM Inc its proudly presents extensive line of waveform generators The company offers extraordinary customer support providing you waveform creation assistance and application solutions We can meet all your waveform needs Model 2414 A Cal Verification Page of 3 Model2414A Arbitrary Waveform Generator Calibration Verification Procedure This document provides a procedure to verify that the Model 2414A specifications are within the tolerances listed in the published data sheet
10. 5 Continue adding line segments up to the limit established by the right anchor 6 3 VERTEX MODE With the vertex editing mode waveforms are created by establishing two anchor points at selected addresses positioning a vertex in the active region between the two anchors and then connecting the vertex to the anchors with two line segments The vertex mode also permits waveform scaling and the insertion of standard functions Vertex editing is illustrated in Figure 6 2 1 Press EDIT key 2 Press VRTX softkey 3 Select Waveform Number using edit knob or keypad press ENTER after using keypad 6 3 1 Selecting Left and Right Anchor Points 1 Press ANCH softkey 2 Set left anchor X value using edit knob keypad or optional mouse press ENTER if keypad is used 3 Use double arrow key to move right anchor AR to right side of LCD Set right anchor X value using edit knob keypad or optional mouse 4 Press OK to store anchors or CANC to cancel NOTE The difference between the left and right anchors is limited to 8000 points or the waveform length whichever is less 6 3 2 Selecting Vertex Point 1 Press ADDV softkey 2 Set vertex X and values using edit knob keypad or optional mouse 3 When the desired position is reached press OK or the left mouse button and the two line segments will be stored Press CANC or the right mouse button to cancel 4 Continue adding anchors and vertices until the waveform is com
11. AMPL 1 2 3 1 3 4 10 25 anchor ANCH 6 1 6 2 6 4 6 6 6 8 arbitrary 6 1 arbitrary block data 10 10 10 17 asynchronous 8 1 8 2 baud rate RS 232 10 5 binary 10 17 10 45 bits RS 232 10 5 block transfer 10 34 buffer memory 1 1 1 2 10 34 10 42 burst 1 2 3 4 9 2 9 3 10 25 cable RS 232 10 3 10 4 chord CHRD 6 4 circle 1 2 10 26 10 31 clear registers 10 22 clock 1 1 1 2 1 3 3 4 4 2 8 1 8 2 clock select 10 25 commands common 10 1 10 6 10 12 configuration 10 1 execution 10 19 hierarchy 10 20 instrument specific 10 12 output 10 2 path 10 20 sequence 10 19 sequence generator 10 2 system 10 1 waveform editing 10 2 continuous 1 2 3 4 10 25 copy 6 8 10 34 current CURR 3 2 DC 1 2 10 27 decimal numeric data 10 9 10 16 10 44 defaults 10 40 delay 10 28 10 32 delete 5 2 delete file DELF 7 4 delete step DELS 7 4 digital amplitude DA 6 6 digital offset DO 6 6 digital synthesis 4 1 DSOLink 9 4 dump function DMPF 6 7 edit waveform 4 1 6 2 10 26 10 42 end block 1 2 9 1 9 2 end pulse 9 1 9 2 errors 10 18 event status register ESR 10 7 10 13 exponential 1 2 falltime 10 28 10 32 filter 1 2 9 2 FM 1 2 10 27 10 31 frequency 3 1 fuse 2 1 gated 1 2 3 4 9 2 10 25 gaussian 1 2 10 27 10 31 GPIB 1 1 1 3 6 1 10 1 10 5 10 12 10 40 handshake RS 232 10 5 haversine 1 2 10 27 10 31 hold 1 2 1 3 9 3 10 23 IEEE 488 2 1 1 insert function INSF 6 6 internal
12. MAN or EXT A SYNC TRIG MASTER UNIT OUTPUT TRIG MASTER ASYNC SLAVE UNIT TRIG ME SYNC EXT CLOCK CONNECTION DIAGRAM REAR BNC CONNECTORS CLOCK OUT CLOCK IN MASTER UNIT SLAVE UNIT Figure 8 1 Parallel Operation 8 3 CASE 1 OUTPUT MASTER UNIT MASTER CONT ASYNC or SYNC SYNC TRIG PULSE MASTER CONT TRIG SLAVE UNIT OUTPUT EoNT CONT or TRIG SLAVE SYNC EXT CLOCK SYNC TRIG pulse synchronizes both Master and Slave units on every cycle In CONTinuous mode Waveform Length of Slave unit must be equal to the Waveform Length of the Master unit In TRiGger mode Waveform Lengh of Slave unit must be equal to or less than the Waveform Length of the Master unit CASE 2 Press manual trigger key or TRIGGER provide an external trigger signal MAN or EXT whenever the setup is changed OUTPUT MASTER UNIT MASTER 4 TRIG or BURST SYNC TRIG gt 4 ASYNC TRIG to start PULSE ____ ____ MASTER OUTPUT SLAVE UNIT SLAVE TRIG or BURST SYNC TRIG i CHASING EXT CLOCK PULSE SLAVE CONNECTION DIAGRAM REAR BNC CONNECTORS CLOCK OUT CLOCK IN TRIG IN TAIL CHASING CONNECTION OPTIONAL MASTER UNIT SLAVE UNIT Figure 8 2 Series Operation SECTION 9 OTHER FEATURES 9 1 VIEW FUNCTION The View function allows all or any three seg
13. WAVEFORM PARAMETER KEY GROUP Cont Set Beg nning Set Beginning Set Delay and End Freq and End Freq Set Rise uencies uencies Set High Set Fall Set Exponent Set Number Set Phase Power Set Number ALL SEG1 SEG2 View entire active memory contents Set left address Set right address Set Sample Clock Set Block Frequency Set Amplitude Set Offrset Set left address Set right address et Delay Set Rise Set High Set Fall SEG3 Set left address Set right address SETUP UTILITY AND EDIT KEY GROUP SYNC DEL NEW Set New SYN1 and Length Set Address and Length 1 SYNC SYN1 SYN3 SYN4 Set Address and Length LEN Set Waveform Length LEN Set Waveform Length SETUP UTILITY AND EDIT KEY GROUP Cont DELF OPEN NEW Set Step Number Set New Sequence DELS MODS Set Waveform Set Cycles ADDS Set New Step Set Waveform st Set Cycles SETUP UTILITY AND EDIT KEY GROUP Cont Set Address OFF DSO1 IO DSO2 Trigger Rep Rate DSO8 PAR BITS 1 2K ODD 7015 2 4K EVEN 7028 8015 8025 BAUD PAR BITS HAND 1 2K ODD 7015 SW 2 4K EVEN 7025 HW 9 6K NONE 8015 19 2 8025 INT INT SYNC EXT EXT ASNC ADJ Set Reference Clock Vernier
14. 0 and Digital Amplitude 4095 12 Press OK softkey and observe fundamental output as shown in Figure 6 4a 13 Select second Waveform Number from step 3 14 Press INSF softkey 15 Press SIN softkey 16 Set Phase 0 000 and Number 3 00 17 Press arrow key until Digital Offset DO and Digital Amplitude DA are displayed 18 Set Digital Offset 0 and Digital Amplitude 683 4095 6 19 Press OK softkey and observe third harmonic as shown in Figure 6 4b 20 Press LAST key 21 Press MATH softkey 22 Setup the equation so that the third Waveform Number from step 3 equals the sum of the first waveform step 6 and the second waveform step 13 23 Press DO softkey 24 Press FUNC key 25 Press WAV softkey 26 Select third Waveform Number 27 Observe composite waveform as shown in Figure 6 4c Also note the result of the math summing operation is to multiply the signal by 1 2 28 Press EDIT key and perform the following four steps to increase the amplitude to the level attained in the exercise in paragraph 6 6 1 29 Press VRTX softkey 30 Press SCAL softkey 31 Set Digital Offset 0 and Digital Amplitude 8191 32 Press OK softkey 6 12 a SINot b SIN3 ot SIN wt 93 ot Figure 6 4 Math Function Waveform Creation 6 13 This page intentionally left blank 6 14 SECTION 7 SEQUENCE GENERATOR 7 1 INTRODUCTION This section explains how to program and use the optional S
15. 1 4 1 1 4 0 131008 Command Description Generates a pulse train with the number of pulses as specified in the first parameter Delay rise high falltime are all expressed in percentages of the period of the pulse Generates a sawtooth waveform with the number of cycles as specified The keyword sets the sawtooth to a NORMal rising or INVERTed falling waveform Generates a sinewave with the number of cycles as specified Generates a sinewave amplitude modulated waveform with suppressed carrier in the selected waveform memory Ref WAVE command The first two parameters specify the carrier characteristics and the second two the modulating waveform Generates a squarewave with the number of cycles as specified The keyword sets the first half of the squarewave high NORMal or low INVERTed Generates the function sine x x as a waveform with the number of specified cycles The keyword sets the waveform NORMal INVERTed Generates a triangle wave in the currently selected waveform memory with the number of specified cycles The keyword sets the output to initially rise NORMal or fall INVERTed Sets the length in data points that any succeeding waveform generation function will create for the selected waveform Ref to SIZE and POSITION commands and Section 10 7 Functional limits are 0 to SIZE POSITION otherwise a device error is generated Root Command Short Form Data Level 1
16. 2 10 28 10 32 smoothing SMOO 6 6 softkeys 3 4 spectral purity 1 2 square 1 2 10 28 10 32 standard wave STDW 3 2 5 1 5 2 10 29 10 30 10 33 10 42 start STRT 6 1 6 2 9 1 status 10 13 10 14 stop 9 1 stored settings 1 3 10 24 subtract 1 1 6 1 6 9 sum 1 3 sum function SUMF 6 7 sweep 1 2 10 27 10 31 10 32 sync 3 1 9 1 10 26 10 30 10 33 sync out 1 2 9 2 sync trigger STRG 8 1 synchronize 8 2 synchronous 8 1 8 2 syntax 10 6 10 7 10 14 synthesized 4 1 synthesizer 4 2 system commands 10 1 toggled 1 2 3 4 9 3 10 25 triangle 1 2 10 28 10 32 trigger 1 3 8 1 8 2 10 24 10 26 trigger generator TGEN 1 3 9 3 trigger in TGIN 8 2 triggered 1 2 3 4 9 3 utility 8 1 9 3 vertex 1 1 4 1 6 1 6 4 view 9 1 waveform edit commands Arbw 1 waveform edit commands Stdw 1 waveform number WAV 5 1 6 1 6 2 6 10 6 12 7 1 WaveWorks Pro Software 1 3 9 5 Z axis 6 2 9 2 Z axis level ZLVL 9 2 Z out 1 2 6 2 9 2 0 0 26 30 TEGAM is a manufacturer of electronic test and measurement equipment for metrology calibration and production test We also provide repair calibration and other support services for a wide variety of test and measurement equipment including RF power sensor calibration systems RF attenuation measurement systems resistance standards ratio transformers arbitrary waveform generators micro ohmmeters LCR meters handheld temperatur
17. 4 oH 3 4 GENERATOR CONCEPT amp CONTROL 4 1 INTRODUJCTION 4 1 4 2 DIGITAL SYNTHESIS 4 1 4 3 CLOCKING 2 4 2 4 4 HOW WAVEFORM IS PLAYED 4 3 MEMORY ORGANIZATION 5 1 INTRODUCTION 5 1 5 2 DEFAULT 5 1 5 3 WAVEFORM es 5 1 5 4 CHANGING WAVEFORM BLOCK 8 a 5 2 2 54 Standard WONG occ E STO I Eidos 5 2 5 4 2 Waveform Number Block 5 2 5 5 DELETING 5 sees 5 2 5 6 INSERTING NEW WAVEFORM NUMBERS 5 2 SECTION 6 SECTION 7 SECTION 8 CREATING AND EDITING WAVESHAPES 6 1 INTRODUCTION 6 1 6 2 LINE MODE 6 1 6 2 1 Editing From Start ____ 6 2 6 2 2 Editing From Left 6 2 6 23 Creating Line Segmente 6 4 6 3 VERIEXMODE 6 4 6 3 1 Selecting Left and Right Anchor 6 4 6 32 Selecting Vertex ees 6 4 6 3 9 S o MERRILL NIS 6 6 MEME 6 6 6 3 5 Inserting Standard 6 6 6 3 6 Summing Standard 6 7 6 3 7 Dump PORNO ooo 6 7 MOVOS asti
18. Inc int i char wvfm buffer 100 char 16 8 0 13 167 15 255 13 167 8 0 2 88 0 0 2 88 sprintf wvfm_buffer WVFM WAVE 2 MEM 48 40016 for i O lt 16 i wvfm_buffer i 25 data i 25 bytes in header wvfm buffer 16 25 end of block 10 47 10 48 AHA HA AAARAHRHA HARB ED ET DTI CET EM Sas lt GS GS GS GIGS GS GS GS GS ACKCKkCk kCk ck kck ck k ck ck kCk ck kck ck kk k kk k ck ck k ck ck k ck ck k ck ck k ck ck kk ck k ck ck k ck k k ck ck k ck k KKK 2414A BINARY DOWNLOAD TEST PROGRAM FOR GPIB ck ck kck ck ck k ck ck k ck ck k ck ck k ck ck k ck ck kk k kk ck k ck k kk k kk Vk kk Language Microsoft Quick Basic Computer IBM AT or better GPIB Board National Instruments AT GPIB 488 2 Function The program downloads a 8400 point Sine Wave into Wave 1 starting at Address 0 The data transfer occurs in 5 blocks the first Four blocks containing 2048 Data Points and the last containing 208 Data Points KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK SINCLUDE qbdecl bas 1 COMMON SHARED Arb PRINT PRINT Initializing GPIB amp resetting ARB PRINT CALL IBDEV 0 16 0 12 1 0 Arb connect Arb at add 16 CALL IBWRT Arb idn ArbResponseS SPACES 100 CALL IBRD Arb ArbResponse
19. Math Transfer Functions 3 13 Math Operations 4 Digital Pattern 5 FFT and IFFT 6 Sequence Programming Refer to the WaveWorks Pro data sheet in the Appendix at the back of this manual 9 5 9 6 This page intentionally left blank SECTION 10 RS 232C amp GPIB 10 1 INTRODUCTION This section describes how to remotely control all instrument functions and how to download and upload waveform data using either the standard RS 232C or optional GPIB interface Included are an overview of both methods of remote control a complete tabulation and explanation of control commands and several programming examples 10 2 QUICK REFERENCE This command summary is provided as a quick reference and overview of the complete command list for the Model 2414A For a detailed explanation including command syntax parameters and data limits see Section 10 5 For convenience commands are listed here in the same order as in Section 10 5 Command Command Long Form Short Form Long Form Short Form Common Commands System Commands CLS EXECUTE EXEC ESE GPIB only HOLD ESE GPIB only RECALL RCLL ESR REF_CLK_ADJ RADJ IDN REF_CLK_ADJ RADJ OPC GPIB only REF CLOCK RCLK OPC REF CLOCK RCLK RST RTNTOSTRT RTST SRE GPIB only RESET SRE GPIB only SAMPLECLOCK SCLK STB GPIB only SAMPLECLOCK SCLK OPT STORE STOP TRG TGENERATOR TGEN TST TGENERATOR TGEN WAI TGRRATE TGRR TGRRATE TGRR Configuration C
20. Modify NOS _______________ ae 02 w J ______ O O ooo y PAR jParalel _______________ PLS 0 JS _ PNIS Points R232 1 5 232 Interface Sawtooth 71 O SCM ______ Modulation ISEQ Sequence Number 1 S amp R __ ISIN Sine O O 5106 Logarithmic Sweep 5 SR Sqare ISTOW ____ STOR Stre ISTRG Synchronous Trigger Eurer SUMF Sum Function ITGEN Trigger Generator moa ____ O 7 T TRIG Trigger V W 6 Z Axis Amplitude N PIB 24 23 22 21 GND 19 18 16 15 14 13 GPIB AND RS 232 CONNECTOR PINOUTS GND GND GND GND GND GND REN 0108 0107 0106 0105 GPIB 24 PIN REAR VIEW 24 13 12 gt 12 SHIELD CHASSIS GND 11 ATN 10 SRQ 9 IFC 8 NDAC 7 NRFD 6 DAV 5 EOI 4 DIO4 3 DIO3 2 DIO2 1 0101 6 2k Pulldown RXD TXD DTR Ground DSR RTS CTS NC STANDARD WAVESHAPE EQUATIONS The following ten equations show the mathematical basis for the algorithms used to create the indicated waveforms fm t sin at Modulation Index am t sin aat 14 M sin a t
21. Modulation Index scm t sin a t t sin a t exp t 4 k Exponential Time Constant exp t 1 et k Exponential Time Constant sinx x t ENS 42 gauss t circle t 4 1 1 2t begin linsweep t 5 t K t at K is the slope of the sweep T 109 6 nq 109 begin K logsweep T sf gin SweepTime ERROR CODES Certain instrument settings are not compatible with one another and will result in error messages The error codes and messages are as follows ERROR 101 AMPL OFST Range Amplitude and or offset are outside of allowable ranges Allowable ranges are Illustrated in the graph below AMPLITUDE OFFSET GRAPH OFFSET Absolute AMPLITUDE ERROR 102 START STOP Range This message appears in the VIEW menu when the View Left address is not less than the View Right address ERROR 104 FUNC MODE Conflict This message appears if Burst Mode and Sequence are both selected WAVEFORM MEMORY ORGANIZATION CONTROLLER 2414A BUFFER ACTIVE MEMORY MEMORY 128k INTERNAL BUS 400 k points sec a WAVE 000 WAVE 00 GPIB 8 k points sec 4 gt RS 232C 1 k points sec WAVE 99 COPY 400 k points sec 400 k points sec GPIB 8 k points sec RS 232C 1 points sec WAVE 999 WAVEFORM MEMORY REMOTE COMMANDS CONTRO
22. Series operation is especially appropriate for complex signal sequences requiring extra long memory 8 3 1 Clock Connection To operate two units in series designate one unit as the master unit Connect the rear panel CLOCK IN OUT signal from the master unit to the CLOCK IN OUT connector of the remaining slave unit Program the slave unit clock input to be external as follows 1 Press UTIL key 2 Press SCLK softkey 3 Press EXT softkey to select external sample clock 4 Press ENTER 8 3 2 Trigger Connection Connect the rear panel SYNC TRIG OUT signal from the master unit to the TRIG IN connector of the slave unit Program the master unit sync trigger to be serial as follows 1 Press OUTPUT key 2 Press an arrow key 3 Press STRG softkey 4 Press SER softkey 5 Press ENTER Program the slave unit trigger input to be synchronous as follows 1 Press UTIL key repeatedly until Trigger In TGIN appears 2 Press TGIN softkey 3 Press SYNC softkey to select synchronous trigger input Press ASNC to return to asynchronous mode when returning to single unit operation CASE 1 TRIGGER dE MAN or EXT SYNC TRIG OUTPUT MASTER UNIT MASTER CONT ASYNC SLAVE UNIT OUTPUT EN ee E um CONT SLAVE i SYNC EXT CLOCK d SYNCHRONIZED WAVEFORM SYNC TRIG pulse synchronizes both Master and Slave units whenever Trigger Manual or External is given CASE 2 TRIGGER E NE NEN ED MEM
23. TEGAM Inc recommends an annual calibration verification interval Test Equipment Required Analog Oscilloscope 100 MHz or greater High Stability Reference Frequency Counter lt 10ppm True RMS Digital Multimeter 5 1 2 digits Distortion Analyzer Sound Technology 1701 A or equivalent Precision 50Q load 0 1 Frequency Accuracy 1 Connect frequency counter to 10 MHz Reference Clock connector on rear panel 2 Verify that frequency is 10 MHz 50 ppm 9 999 500 to 10 000 500 Hz CAUTION The following procedures reset the instrument to default settings Control setting can be saved using the Store Recall function Stored Waveforms will not be erased if only the Reset Current function is used Do not use Reset All Waveform Rise Fall Time 1 Select RESET and CURRent and press OK 2 Amplitude 10 volts 3 Function Square 4 Output On ENTER 5 Connect ARB Out to oscilloscope through 50Q load Model 2414A Cal Verification Page 2 of 3 6 Verify rise and fall times are less than 20 ns Offset Accuracy 1 Select RESET and CURRent and press OK 2 Function Sine 3 Amplitude 1 V 4 Output On 5 Connect ARB Out to DMM No load 6 Offset 9 000 V ENTER 7 Verify DC offset is between 8 890 V and 9 110 V 8 Amplitude 100 mV 9 Offset 900 mV ENTER 10 Verify DC offset is between 898 mV and 932 mV 11 Amplitude 10mV 12 Offset 90 mV ENTER 13 Verify DC offset i
24. WVFM STDW or one of the numbered locations 0 99 within the waveform or buffer memories POSITION is set to 0 and LENGTH is set to WVFM BUFR SIZE See Sec 10 7 BUFR or STDW WAVE NR1 or 0 999 or Returns the number of the currently STDW STDW selected waveform memory 10 33 Root Command Short Form Level 1 Command Short Form r man WAVEFORM WVFM MEMORY MEM ws address data MEMORY MEM ws address MEM BLOCK MBLK ws address lt ength gt COPY ws src selector dest NR selector FREE ws selector 10 34 Data Format NR NR or arbblk NR NR NR NR BUFR lt NR gt BUFR BUFR SEQ Limits Min Max 0 131007 0 32767 for buffer 2048 2047 0 131007 for WVFM 0 131007 0 2048 0 999 0 99 BUFR 0 999 WVFM 0 99 BUFR Command Description This command applies to all waveforms except STDW Sends either individual data points or a block of data into the selected wave form memory beginnning at the address specified The data block may be sent either as individual data points in the NR format or as an arbitrary block of data high byte first Ref Section 10 7 Returns a single word of data in the range of 2048 to 2047 beginning at the specified address Fo
25. WVFM memory BUFR memory or the number of unused sequence steps in the SEQuence file system This command provides support for applications programs to check resource avail ability before allocating new waveform data or sequence steps Root Command Short Form Level 1 Command Short Form Sequence Generator Commands See Section 10 5 5 for Applications WAVEFORM WVFM ADDSEQUENCE ADDSEQ lt ws gt lt sequence gt lt waveform gt lt burst counb lt sequence step gt ADDSEQUENCE ADDSEQ lt ws gt lt sequence gt step gt AUTOSEQUENCE AUTO lt ws gt lt 1st step step increment gt SEQUENCE SEQ lt ws gt lt sequence gt waveform gt etc SEQBURST SEQB lt ws gt lt sequence lt waveform gt burst count Dod SEQBURSTNUM SEQBN ws sequence waveform gt burst count sequence step gt L Data Format lt NR gt lt NR gt lt NR gt lt NR gt lt NR1 gt lt NR1 gt lt NR gt lt NR gt lt NR gt lt NR gt lt NR gt lt NR gt lt NR gt lt NR gt lt NR gt lt NR gt lt NR gt Limits Min Max 0 99 0 999 0 1048575 0 999 0 99 0 999 0 999 0 999 0 99 0 999 0 99 0 999 0 1048575 0 99 0 999 0 1048575 0 999 Command Description Adds to the specified sequence a series of waveforms Waveform parameters come in triplets The first specifies the number of the wavefor
26. at the end of the header or next to a or a See note on white space below RESPONSE MESSAGE UNIT 1 program mnemonic shall contain upper case alpha only 2 No white space allowed in message header To receive a response to a query command append D ASCII 4 or CTRL D to the RESPONSE MESSAGE gt For example after sending IDN lt RMT gt followed by the 2414A will respond with TEGAM Inc Model 2414A 0 V1 Note white space is defined as a length of 1 or more of white space characters A white space character is a single ASCII byte in the range of 00 09 0B 20 Hex PROGRAM MESSAGES This is a series of PROGRAM MESSAGE UNITS sent to the device in a single string For example to set the currently selected waveform to 1 a sinewave output with a single period 2 burst mode 3 a burst of 5 and 4 an amplitude of 2 5V you would send the following PROGRAM gt WVPM SINE 1 0 MODE BURST BURST 5 AMPL 2 5 EXEC msg 1 msg2 msg 3 msg 4 The semicolon ASCII is required to separate PROGRAM MESSAGE UNITS within PROGRAM MESSAGE For the 2414A a PROGRAM MESSAGE gt can be virtually any length The structure for a lt RESPONSE gt for query responses is similar PROGRAM MESSAGE TERMINATOR or In order for the device to recognize the end of a PROGRAM MESSAGE a special terminator is required For c
27. have maximum length of 12 characters 2 is used to separate program mnemonics and when preceding a PROGRAM MESSAGE it indicates that the following program mnemonio gt is at the root level PROGRAM MESSAGE UNIT 1 program mnemonic can be either upper or lower case alpha 2 white space is only allowed at the end of the header or next to See note on white space below RESPONSE MESSAGE UNIT 1 program mnemonio shall contain upper case alpha only 2 No white space allowed in message Note white space is defined as a length of 1 or more of white space characters A white space character is a single ASCII byte in the range of 00 09 08 20 Hex PROGRAM MESSAGE This is a series of PROGRAM MESSAGE UNITS sent to the device in a single string For example to set the currently selected waveform to 1 a sinewave output with a single period 2 burst mode 3 a burst of 5 and 4 an amplitude of 2 5V you would send the following PROGRAM MESSAGE WVFM SINE 1 0 MODE BURST BURST 5 AMPL 2 5 EXEC msg 1 msg2 msg3 msg 4 The semicolon ASCII 3B is required to separate lt PROGRAM MESSAGE UNITS gt within a lt PROGRAM MESSAGE gt For the 2414A a PROGRAM MESSAGE gt can be virtually any length The structure for a lt RESPONSE MESSAGE gt for query responses is similar 10 15 10 16 PROGRAM MESSAGE TERMINATOR or lt gt In orde
28. of cycles starting phase LOGSWEEP LOGS ws starting of cycles lt ending of cycles gt lt starting phase gt NOISE Data Format lt NR gt lt NR gt NORM INVERT lt NR gt lt NR gt lt NR gt lt NR gt lt NR gt lt NR gt lt NR gt lt NR gt lt NR gt lt NR gt lt NR gt lt NR gt lt NR gt lt NR gt Limits Min Max 2048 2047 0 20 0 1 4 360 360 0 1 4 360 360 0 1000 0 20 0 1E4 2048 2047 001 1E4 001 1E4 360 360 001 1E4 001 1E4 360 360 Command Description Generates a horizontal line at value in the selected waveform memory Generates a decaying exponential with the specified exponent in the selected waveform memory The keyword sets the waveform to a NORMal or INVERTed positive going or negative going resp decay Generates a sinewave frequency modulated by a sinewave in the selected waveform memory The first two parameters specify the carrier characteristics and the second two the modulating waveform Modulation index can vary from 0 to 1000 Generates a gaussian pulse with the specified exponent e X Where x varies between exponent Generates a haversine wave with the num ber of cycles specified The basic shape of this waveform is a sinewave shifted by 909 Generates straight line in the selected waveform memory with the specified Starting and ending Y coo
29. on HP 54510B Represents a Designated Hard Key Represents a Soft Key Setup of VC6155 Set rear panel dip switches for 9600 baud 8 data 1 stop Press STORAGE button button will flash green Adjust Volts DIV knob until CH1 waveform size is full screen Press HOLD button will turn red Setup of 2414A UTIL R232 DSO WAVE 0 TYPE DSO3 LAST BAUD 9600 FUNC WAVE 0 ENTER dso download Press PLOT key on VC6155 1 Represents a Designated Hard Key Represents a Soft Key setup of PM3375 press and hold MENU then press AUTO SET APPL PLOT PLOT KEY press until top line FUNCTION plot digital PLOT_D V FORMAT press until top line FORMAT 1 0 TYPE press until top line TYPE HP7475A AUTO press until top line AUTO off RETURN RETURN IEEE T L press until top line MODE talk only RETURN AUTO SET setup of 2414A UTIL GPIB DSO1 WAVE 0 FUNC WAV WAVE 0 SETUP WAV WAVO000 turn knob until WAVOOO appears LEN LEN 4093 OK ENTER for dso download press PLOT key on pm3375 DSOLink Setup For Tektronix 2232 DSO Represents a Designated Hard Key Represents a Soft Key Bit switches Switch 10 9 87 6 54 3 2 1 ON 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 SETUP PLOT PLOTER TYPE HPGL GRAT OFF Auto Plot OFF 2414A Setup UTIL R232 DSO TYPE
30. the output on 1 Press the OUTPUT key 2 Press the ON softkey 3 Press the ENTER key Output LED illuminates 3 4 2 Selecting Standard Waveforms All waveforms are digitally synthesized Twenty standard waveforms can be readily recalled from stored algorithms 1 Press FUNC key 2 Press STDW softkey 3 Scroll through selections with arrow softkeys 4 Select desired waveform with softkey F1 through F4 Selected item is all capital letters 5 Press ENTER key Several standard waveforms have ancillary functions such as phase number of cycles duty cycle rise and fall times etc These are listed in Table 3 1 3 2 ANCILLARY RANGE amp DEFAULT FUNCTION FUNTION RESOLUTION VALUE SINE Phase 0 000 to 360 000 0 000 Number 0 01 to 1000 00 1 00 SQUARE Number 1 to 1000 1 Duty Cycle 1 to 100 50 TRIANGLE Number 1 to 1000 1 SAWTOOTH Number 1 to 1000 1 Duty Cycle 1 to 100 100 DC Digital Offset 2048 to 2047 0 EXPONENTIAL Time Constant 0 01 to 20 00 5 00 AM Carrier Frequency x1 to x10 000 x20 Modulation Frequency x1 to x10 000 x1 Modulation Index 0 to 20096 100 Modulation Phase 0 to 360 0 Carrier Phase 0 to 360 0 SCM Carrier Frequency x1 to x10 000 x20 Modulation Frequency x1 to x10 000 x1 Modulation Phase 0 to 360 0 Carrier Phase
31. to 50ns Resolution 4 1 2 digits Accuracy 10ppm WAVEFORM RISE FALL TIME Less than 20ns tested with square wave filter off 10Vp p 500 termination SPECTRAL PURITY THD Noise Typically below 65dB 80 2 measurement bandwidth Tested at 20MHz clock sinewave 1 000 points 20 kHz filter on full amplitude 50Q termination AMPLITUDE AND OFFSET luti r 1 00 to 10V 10mV 1 of setting 20mV 100mV to 999mV 1 3 of setting 5mV 10mV to 99 9mV 100uV 5 of setting 1mV Note 50Q source impedance measured at open circuit tested with 1kHz sinewave plus DC offset ANALOG FILTER User selectable 7MHz 7th order low pass filter OPERATIONAL MODES Continuous Output runs continuously between selected memory address locations Triggered Output at start point until triggered then runs once Gated As triggered except output is continuous until gate signal ends Toggled Alternate triggers gate the output waveform Burst Each trigger outputs a pre programmed number of waveforms from 1 to 1 048 575 Hold Front panel button or external signal stops waveform at present memory location while applied RTS Front panel button or external signal interrupts the output waveform and returns the output level back to the start level OUTPUTS Output Front panel main waveform output 500 impedance Sync Output Front panel TTL sync output Programmable address and width 500 impedance Clock In Out Rear panel ARB waveform
32. trigger 9 3 length LEN 5 2 10 29 10 32 10 43 line 1 1 4 1 6 1 6 2 10 27 line mode 6 1 linear sweep 10 27 10 31 log sweep 10 27 10 32 loop and link 1 1 1 2 7 1 low pass filter 4 3 9 2 math 1 3 6 8 6 12 memory 3 4 5 1 memory blocks 5 1 memory formats 10 44 mode 3 4 modifying a step MODS 7 4 monitor burst MBST 9 3 mouse 6 1 6 4 6 6 move 6 8 multiple units 8 1 10 26 multiply 1 1 6 1 6 9 new 5 2 6 10 6 12 7 1 noise 1 2 offset OFST 1 2 3 1 3 4 10 25 open 7 1 7 4 output 3 2 10 25 parity RS 232 10 5 parallel 8 1 10 26 partitioning 5 1 10 6 10 12 paste PSTE 6 8 point edit 6 8 power 1 3 2 1 protocol 10 5 10 6 10 15 program message 10 7 10 8 10 15 10 16 pulse 1 2 random access memory RAM 4 1 reference 1 2 1 3 10 23 reference clock RCLK 1 2 1 3 10 23 reset 3 2 10 23 10 40 resolution 1 2 4 2 response message 10 8 10 15 rise fall time 1 2 RS 232 1 1 1 3 6 1 10 3 10 5 10 41 return to start RTS 1 2 1 3 9 3 10 23 run 1 2 9 1 9 2 sample clock SCLK 3 4 10 23 10 24 samples 3 4 sampling rate 1 2 sawtooth 1 2 10 28 10 32 scaling 6 4 6 6 SCM 1 2 10 28 10 32 sequence 7 1 sequence generator 1 1 1 2 7 1 9 2 10 35 10 36 sequence number SEQ 7 1 7 4 series 8 1 8 2 service request enable SRE 10 12 10 13 10 14 setup 5 2 6 10 7 1 7 4 shift 3 2 show 6 6 sin x x 1 2 10 28 10 32 sine 1 2 3
33. waves are supplied then this command will only delete the specified waveform The AUTO command is used in conjunction with this command Example The following command will delete sequence file number 23 if it exists WVFM SEQ23 The following commands will create a sequence file 12 that will sequence waves 3 1 5 8 and 3 Step 10 will be wave 3 repeated 1 time Step 20 will be wave 1 repeated 1 time Step 30 will be wave 5 repeated 1 time Step 40 will be wave 8 repeated 1 time Step 50 will be wave 3 repeated 1 time AUTO 10 10 WVFM SEQ 12 3 1 5 8 3 SEQBURST SEQB makes a new sequence file DELETING the existing sequence file if one already exists The first parameter is the sequence file to create The following parameters are pairs the first parameter of the pair is the wave number the second parameter is the burst count the number of times the wave is repeated The AUTO command is used in conjunction with this command Example The following commands will create sequence file 5 Step 10 will be wave 2 repeated 4 times Step 20 will be wave 6 repeated 1 000 times Step 30 will be wave 45 repeated 10 000 times AUTO 10 10 WVFM SEQB 5 2 4 6 1000 45 10000 SEQBURSTNUM SEQBN makes a new sequence file DELETING the existing sequence file if there is one The first parameter is the sequence file to create The following parameters are in triplets First of the three is the wave number second is the burst count the num
34. white space gt e04 1 234567890E 9 1234567890E 10 Three other numeric data formats are used lt RESPONSE MESSAGE UNITS and are subsets of the more general lt NRf gt format NR1 NUMERIC RESPONSE gt lt 1 gt x x e g 98765432 NR2 NUMERIC RESPONSE gt lt 2 gt x x X X X X e g 98765 432 NR3 NUMERIC RESPONSE lt NR3 gt 5 x x x x x xX E x x xj e g 987 65432 05 NON DECIMAL NUMERIC PROGRAM DATA Numeric values may also be represented as a binary octal or hex number as follows Binary or bx x x where x is a 0 or 1 Octal Qx x x or qx x x where x is a 0 thru 7 Hex Hx x x or hx x x where x is a 0 thru F ARBITRARY BLOCK PROGRAM DATA This data format is used to speed bus transfer in cases where large amounts of data are sent to or from a device such as waveform or buffer memory data in the 2414A Both INDEFINITE LENGTH and DEFINITE LENGTH block data formats are acceptable INDEFINITE LENGTH 0 x x lt RMT gt where x is an 8 bit byte of decimal value 0 255 and lt RMT gt is the message terminator DEFINITE LENGTH zy yx x where z is a number 1 9 and represents the number of y digit elements The y digits taken together as a decimal integer equal the number of 8 bit bytes that follow For example to send 4 data bytes lt DAB gt using the DEFINITE LENGTH forma
35. 0 to 360 0 FM Carrier Frequency x1 to x10 000 x20 Modulation Frequency x1 to x10 000 x1 Modulation Index 0 01 to 100 00 10 00 Modulation Phase 0 to 360 0 Carrier Phase 0 to 360 0 HAVERSINE Number 0 01 to 1000 00 1 00 LINEAR SWEEP Begin x1 to x1000 x1 End x1 to x1000 x10 LOG SWEEP Begin x1 to x1000 x1 End x1 to x1000 x10 PULSE Delay 0 to 10096 096 Rise Time 0 to 10096 1096 High Time 0 to 10096 3096 Fall Time 0 to 10096 1096 Number 0 to 1000 1 GAUSSIAN Exponent Power 0 01 to 20 00 2 00 SINE X X Number 4 00 to 1000 00 5 50 CIRCLE Number 0 01 to 1000 00 1 00 Phase 0 01 to 360 00 0 00 NOTE Typically a minimum of 3 to 10 samples are required to represent the tabulated functions Therefore the length of the waveform must be taken into consideration when selecting range and resolution values Table 3 1 Model 2414A Ancillary Functions 3 3 3 4 3 Amplitude and Offset Output signal amplitude can be changed from the default value of 5 volts peak open circuit to any value between 10mV and 10 20V within limits of resolution see Specifications on page 1 2 Either the edit knob or the numeric keypad may be used to obtain the new value For maximum resolution use the keypad Press the AMPL OFST key to display the value NOTE The edit knob and keypad control only the parameter displayed on the right hand side of the top row of the LCD Use the double arrow key to reverse the positions if two param
36. 1 810 1 9 36 101 72 11 109 12 145 13 182 14 218 151255 10 Where A represents one byte in memory containing the character A i e the value ASCII 65 and 218 represents one byte in memory whose value is 218 Therefore and 65 are equal in value In QuickBASIC WVFM WAVE 1 MEM 0 40016 CHR 8 CHR 0 CHR 9 CHR 36 CHR 10 CHR 72 CHR 11 CHR 109 CHR 12 CHR 145 CHR 13 CHR 182 CHR 14 CHR 218 CHR 15 CHR 255 CHR 10 In C int 1 char wvfm_buffer 100 char data 16 8 0 9 36 10 72 11 109 12 145 13 182 14 218 15 255 sprintf wvfm_buffer WVFM WAVE 1 MEM 0 40016 for i0 lt 16 i wvfm_buffer i 24 24 bytes in header wvim_buffer 16 24 n end of block Example An 8 point sine wave down loaded into wave 2 address 48 WVFM WAVE 2 MEM 48 40016binary_data n Where binary_data are the following values as bytes sent to the GPIB or RS 232 181 0 13 167 15 255 13 167 8 0 21881 0 0 2188 The complete command as bytes in memory would look like the following RIM S 72 177 PERMIT 1810 13 167 15 255 13 167 8 101 2188 10 012 881 10 In BASIC WVFM WAVE 2 MEM 48 40016 CHR 8 CHR 0 CHR 13 CHR 167 CHR 15 CHR 255 CHR 13 CHR 167 CHR 8 CHR 0 CHR 2 CHR 88 CHR 0 CHR 0 CHR 2 CHR 88 CHR 10
37. 1 and 8 2 for diagrams of parallel and series operation 8 2 PARALLEL OPERATION Parallel operation is appropriate for applications requiring multi phase signals X and Y sweeps etc 8 2 1 Clock Connections To operate multiple units in parallel designate one unit as the master unit Connect the rear panel CLOCK IN OUT signal from the master unit to the CLOCK IN OUT connectors of the remaining slave units Program the slave unit clock inputs to be external as follows The master unit operates with its normal internal clock 1 Press UTIL key 2 Press SCLK softkey 3 Press EXT softkey to select external sample clock 4 Press ENTER 8 2 2 Trigger Connections Connect the rear panel SYNC TRIG OUT signal from the master unit to the TRIG IN connectors of the slave units Program the master unit sync trigger for parallel operation as follows 1 Press OUTPUT key 2 Press an arrow key 3 Press STRG softkey 4 Press PAR softkey 5 Press ENTER Program the slave unit trigger inputs for synchronous operation as follows 1 Press UTIL key repeatedly until Trigger In TGIN appears 2 Press TGIN softkey 3 Press SYNC softkey to select synchronous trigger input Press ASNC to return to asynchronous mode when returning to single unit operation 8 1 8 2 When the master unit is operated in the continuous mode synchronize the units 1 Press SHIFT key on the master unit 2 Press TRIG key 8 3 SERIES OPERATION
38. 10 3 5 3 Functional Syntax Elements In order to establish programming consistency among different manufacturers devices IEEE 488 2 has defined a set of rules governing message headers mnemonics separators and data types The following overview will familiarize the programmer with the fundamentals of these rules As seen below the rules for command and query messages are much more flexible than their precise response message counterparts PROGRAM MESSAGE This is the basic message and represents operation to be performed by the device As an example if you wanted to create a sinewave with 5 cycles in the currently selected waveform the appropriate PROGRAM MESSAGE UNIT gt would be WVFM SINE 5 0 Notice that a colon ASCII 3A is used to separate the program mnemonio WVFM from SINE For query responses the similarly structured RESPONSE MESSAGE UNIT is used A complete list of PROGRAM MESSAGE UNITS and RESPONSE MESSAGE UNITS for the 2414A with definitions mnemonics and limitations is given in Section 10 5 10 7 10 8 General rules 1 lt program mnemonio gt shall have maximum length of 12 characters 2 7 is used to separate program mnemonics gt and when preceding a PROGRAM MESSAGE UNITs it indicates that the following program mnemonio is at the root level PROGRAM MESSAGE UNIT 1 program mnemonio can be either upper or lower case alpha 2 white space is only allowed
39. 2 1 Editing From Start Point 1 Press EDIT key 2 Press LINE softkey 3 Select Waveform Number using edit knob or keypad press ENTER after using keypad 4 Arbitrary waveform construction can begin at any point within the selected waveform number block Press STRT softkey 5 Use edit knob or keypad to select X and Y addresses to start waveform editing within the selected block Use double arrow key to move each active parameter to right side of display Remember to press ENTER if keypad is used 6 Press OK to store start point or CANC to cancel 7 Press ANCH softkey 8 Use double arrow key to move Right Anchor AR to right side of LCD Use edit knob or keypad to select X address for the end of the edited portion of the waveform 9 Press OK to store right anchor or CANC to cancel 6 2 2 Editing From Left Anchor 1 Press EDIT key 2 Press LINE softkey 3 Select Waveform Number using edit knob or keypad press ENTER after using keypad 4 Arbitrary waveform construction can begin at any X address within the selected waveform number block Press ANCH softkey 5 Use double arrow key to move Left Anchor AL to right side of display Use edit knob or keypad to select X address Remember to press ENTER if keypad is used 6 Use double arrow key to move Right Anchor AR to right side of LCD Use edit knob or keypad to select X address for the end of the edited portion of the waveform 7 Press OK to store anchors
40. 2 once it has been entered The first parameter is the sequence file to be modified After the first parameter the following parameters always come in triplets The first of these three being the number of the waveform to be sequenced The second is the number of times this waveform will be repeated and the third indicates the sequence step for that waveform Example Assume that sequence file 10 already exists and steps 35 and 53 are NOT used The following command will add two steps 35 and 53 to sequence 10 Step 35 will be wave repeated 5 times Step 53 will be wave 2 repeated 4 times WVFM ADDSEQ 10 3 5 35 2 4 53 AUTOSEQUENCE AUTO configures the automatic sequence step number generator by setting the sequence step number to start at first parameter and the increment value for the following sequence step numbers This command is used for the SEQUENCE SEQ and SEQBURST SEQB commands only Example The following command will start numbering the sequence steps at 10 and increment them by 10 i e the first sequence step will be 10 the second sequence step will be 20 etc WVFM AUTO 10 10 SEQUENCE SEQ makes a new sequence file DELETING the existing sequence file if one already exists The first parameter is the sequence file to create The following parameters are the waves that are to be sequenced For the SEQUENCE SEQ command the Burst count the number of times the wave is repeated is always set to one If no
41. 40 Returns the current value for length Root Command Short Form Data Limits Level 1 Command Short Form Format Min Max Command Description Waveform Edit Commands cont cont WAVEFORM WVFM b SIZE lt ws gt lt waveform size NR 32 1310040 Sets the memory size of the currently selected waveform in number of points 0 The size can be from 32 to the total amount 32 32768 of free memory space If the selected for buffer waveform is the standard waveform STDW the existing waveform is stretched or squeezed to fit the new size If the selected waveform is other than the STDW if enlarging the size new points set to 0 are added at the end of the waveform SIZE NR1 0 Returns the present value of SIZE 32 131008 SYNC lt ws gt lt sync NR 1 3 4 Installs a sync pulse into the specified start position NR 0 131039 channel The start position indicates length NR 0 131040 where in the selected waveform memory the pulse begins and length specifies the total length of the pulse Start position can be from O to SIZE 1 while length can range from 0 to SIZE POSITION SYNC lt ws gt lt sync lt NR1 gt 1 3 4 Returns the starting position and length of lt start position gt NR1 0 131039 the specified sync pulse lt length gt NR1 0 131040 WAVE ws waveform gt lt NR gt or 0 999 Selects either the Standard Waveform selector STOW
42. 7 WAVE Returns the number of the currently selected waveform memory Waveform Edit Commands For Standard STDV Waves only Following are Waveform Edit Commands for Standard STDW Waveforms as opposed to the Arbitrary Waveforms described in the preceding section General rules for STDW drawing commands are 1 For STDW the same parameter limits and function drawing rules from the front panel apply 2 The following commands do NOT apply for STDW POSN LEN MINY MAXY LINE MEM 3 The lt invert gt flag is not allowed except for the following commands EXP SAW PULSE For example wvfm exp 5 NORM is used to draw Exp function wvfm exp 5 INVERT is used to draw Exp function 10 30 Root Command Short Form Level 1 Command Short Form Waveform Edit Commands cont Standard STDW cont WAVEFORM WVFM AM lt ws gt lt of carrier cycles starting carrier phase it of modulation cycles starting mod phase modulation index CIRCLE lt ws gt lt of cycles starting phase DC lt ws gt lt Y value EXPONENTIAL EXP ws exponent invert FM lt ws gt lt of carrier cycles starting carrier phase it of modulation cycles starting mod phase modulation index GAUSSIAN GAUSS ws exponent HAVERSINE HSIN lt ws gt lt cycles gt LINEARSWEEP LINS lt ws gt lt starting of cycles gt lt ending of cycles gt
43. 8 Decimal equivalent of B00110000 The SRE and STB command queries allow reading of the Service Request Enable and Status Byte Registers respectively Ref Section 10 5 4 The USRO bit 0 is user defined and summarizes the instrument status registers reference Section 10 5 4 Instrument commands 10 4 4 Functional Elements Syntax and Nomenclature In order to establish programming consistency among different manufacturers devices IEEE 488 2 has defined a set of rules governing message headers mnemonics separators data types and terminators The following overview will familiarize the programmer with the fundamentals of these rules As seen below the rules for command and query messages are much more flexible than their precise response message counterparts 10 14 PROGRAM MESSAGE This is the basic message and represents operation to be performed by the device As an example if you wanted to create a sinewave with 5 cycles in the currently selected waveform the appropriate PROGRAM MESSAGE gt would be WVFM SINE 5 0 Notice that a colon ASCII 3A is used to separate the program mnemonio gt WVFM from SINE For query responses the similarly structured lt RESPONSE MESSAGE UNIT is used complete list of PROGRAM MESSAGE UNITS and RESPONSE MESSAGE UNITS for the 2414A with definitions mnemonics and limitations is given in Section 10 5 General rules 1 program mnemonio shall
44. Command Short Form Format Waveform Edit Commands cont Arbitrary WAVEFORM WVFM LENGTH LEN NR1 MAXY lt ws gt lt value gt lt NR gt NR1 MINY lt ws gt lt value gt NR NR1 POSITION NR POSN ws write position POSITION POSN NR1 SIZE lt ws gt lt waveform size NR b SIZE NR1 Limits Min Max 0 131008 2048 2047 2048 2047 2048 2047 2048 2047 0 131007 0 32767 for buffer 0 131007 0 32 131008 0 32 32768 for buffer 0 131008 Command Description Returns the current value for LENGTH Selects the maximum Y value to be produced when generating a waveform This command is not valid when the standard waveform is selected Returns the currently selected maximum Y value Selects the minimum Y value to be produced when generating a waveform This command is not valid when the standard waveform is selected Returns the currently selected minimum Y value Sets the starting position in the currently selected waveform memory where new waveform points will be written The maximum starting position is the size of the memory 1 Ref SIZE command This command is not valid when the standard waveform is selected After a function such as SINE etc is written POSITION is automatically incremented to POSITION SIZE to point to the next new data point Returns the current starting position
45. IF ibcnt gt 0 THEN PRINT Unit is a MIDS ArbResponseS 1 ibcnt GOTO GpibWasOk END IF PRINT GPIB ERROR PRINT Corrective Action REQUIRED STOP GPIBWasOk SetupParameters MaxBlockSize amp 2048 Lengths 8400 DIM ArbDatas Lengths NumBlocks amp INT Length amp MaxBlockSize amp NumPartial amp Length amp NumBlocks amp MaxBlockSize amp PRINT Calculating a sample Sinewave Pie 34441593 FOR x amp 0 TO Length amp ArbData amp x amp 2047 SIN x amp Length amp 10 2 Pie 2047 IF ArbDataS x amp 4097 OR ArbDataS x amp 0 THEN STOP NEXT x amp p machine reset all exec Start clean outsw wvfm wave 1 size STRS Length amp len wvfm wave l posn 0 miny 2047 maxy 2047 Func Wave 1 exec PRINT Setting u CALL IBWRT Arb CALL IBWRT Arb CALL IBWRT Arb CALL IBWRT Arb STRS Length amp CALL IBWRT Arb CALL IBWRT Arb GOSUB CheckStatus PRINT Starting PRINT Start gt TIMES BlockNum amp 0 Binary Download of Length amp points DO WHILE BlockN BlockSize amp MaxBlockSize amp GOSUB MakeHeader tartlIndex amp lockNum amp DQ UH WH lt NumBlocks amp Bl
46. LLER 2414A BUFFER ACTIVE MEMORY MEMORY 32k 128k WVFM COPY 0 BUFR 0 WVFM WAVE 00 WAVE 000 WVFM WAVE 0 carmen Rara WVFM COPY 2 WVFM 97 BUFR WVFM WAVE 98 BUFR 77777777777 WVFM MEM 0 WAVE 99 WVFM COPY 98 BUFR 99 BUFR WVFM WAVE 200 OR WVFM WAVE 200 WVFM WVFM MEM 0 1000 2000 pM WVFM SINE 1 0 9 M WVFM WAVE 201 OR WVFM WAVE 201 WVFM WVFM MEM 0 ee QUERY COMMANDS a WVFM FREE WVFM b WVFM FREE BUFR WAVE 999 WVFM COPY 998 WVFM 999 WVFM 1 Represents a Designated Hard Key Represents Soft Key Setup of DSO4080 MASTER MENU 6 PLOT 1 plot mode SINGLE 2 plot output GPIB 3 graticule plot OFF 4 graticule style SOLID 5 plot traces only ON MASTER MENU 7 VO INTERFACES 1 gpib address 07 MENU TRACE Setup of 24144 UTIL GPIB DSO1 WAVE 0 FUNC WAV WAVE 0 ENTER dso download Press PLOT key on DSO4080 D Link up For Hewlett Packar 4510B DSO 1 Represents a Designated Hard Key Represents a Soft Key UTIL HP IB menu talk only time out 100 initialize off plot Display device mode plot pen Channel 1 1 exit setup of 2414A UTIL GPIB DSO1 WAVE 0 FUNC WAV WAVE 0 ENTER dso download press HARD COPY
47. MODEL 2414A ARBITRARY WAVEFORM GENERATOR OPERATION MANUAL PART NUMBER 810008 CD REV TEGAM INC TEN TEGAM WAY GENEVA OHIO 44041 TEL 440 466 6100 FAX 440 466 6110 EMAIL sales tegam com NOTE This user s manual was as current as possible when this product was manufactured However products are constantly being updated and improved Because of this some differences may occur between the description in this manual and the product received SECTION 1 SECTION 2 SECTION 3 SECTION 4 SECTION 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 PRODUCT SUMMARY iosair 1 1 1 2 eS 1 a em 1 1 1 3 SPECIFICATIONS 1 2 2 1 GROUND CONNECTION 2 1 2 2 SELECTING LINE MAINS 2 1 22l SNWECIL d rU m uc tum 2 1 2 2 2 PULO SIME 2 1 2 2 3 Fuses 2 1 QUICK START 3 1 2 3 1 3 2 GONNECTIONS 3 1 3 3 DEFAULT SETTINGS 3 2 3 4 HOW TO CHANGE DEFAULT PARAMETERG 3 2 3 4 1 Turning ON ona EERE 3 2 3 4 2 Selecting Standard 3 2 343 Ampiitudo and OHS in E tct 3 4 3 4 4 Sample Clock and Output 3
48. MaxY 2047 MinY 2048 PosN 0 5 1 0 CrLf CALL ibwrt Arb96 Func Wave 0 exec CrLf GOSUB WaitForlnput PRINT Load Line into waveform 1 CALL ibwrt Arb wvfm Wave 1 MaxY 2047 MinY 2048 PosN 2047 2048 CrLf CALL ibwrt Arb96 Func Wave 1 CrLf GOSUB WaitForlnput PRINT Load LinearSweep into waveform 2 CALL ibwrt Arb96 wvfm Wave 2 MaxY 2047 MinY 2048 PosN 0 LinS 1 100 0 CrLf CALL ibwrt Arb Func Wave 2 exec CrLf GOSUB WaitForlnput 10 38 PRINT Now sequence waveforms 0 to 2 CALL ibwrt Arb Wvfm Auto 10 10 CrLf CALL ibwrt Arb WvfnrSegB 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 CrLf CALL ibwrt Arb Func Seq 1 exec CrLf GOSUB WaitForlnput EndProgram WaitForlnput CALL ibloc Arb INPUT gt gt Hit Return to Continue lt lt Scratch RETURN ReadArb TmpStr SPACE 100 allocate space for response WaitDelay 075 CALL ibrd Arb TmpStr read Arb IF ibcnt gt 1 THEN ArbStringS LEFT TmpStr ibcnt 1 ELSE ArbString TimedOut RETURN InitGpibResetArb PRINT PRINT Initializing GPIB amp resetting ARB PRINT CALL IBDEV 0 16 0 12 1 0 Arb connect Arb at add 16 PRINT Arb CALL SendArb RST CALL SendArb CLS RETURN SUB SendArb OutputString CALL ibwrt Arb96 OutputString CALL ibwrt Arb ESR InputString SPACE 100 CALL ibrd Arb InputString IF VAL InputString 4 THEN QUERY ERROR CALL ibw
49. O E R In C N R urren EXT ETURN Checks 155 IBW bleData tPosition amp inData IndexPointer amp D BinData Current IndexPointer amp tPosition amp IndexPointer amp us R trings IBR D n PRI END IF VAL NT VAL 1 IF In PRI ENDI IF VAL 1 NT gt gt Req I LT gt gt 6000000 RIMS L 1 SPACES 2 STRS 2 BlockSi EFTS templ L EN templ StopIndexs 5 256 T Arb Arb Inp putString putString tS tring Device trin g tring Command trin g nputString PRINT F R ETURN nputString IF InputString INT ENDI IF VAL I 5 tart AN uest Con AN Executio AN AN gt gt User Req tatus read H SPACES 100 ut String AND 1 THEN Operation Complete lt lt D 2 THEN trol N I D 4 THEN R D 8 THEN ependant D 16 T n ERROR 32 THE D ERROR ERI I D 64 THE uest N I AND 128 gt gt Power On lt lt 0 THEN
50. OLink Direct data download from DSO to waveform memory via RS 232C or GPIB STORED DATA Waveforms 1000 Active 100 Buffer Setups 30 settings Sequence 100 files REMOTE INTERFACE RS 232C 19 2kBaud max GPIB IEEE STD 488 2 1987 Optional OPTIONS Sequence Generator GPIB Remote Interface WaveWorks Pro Waveform Creation Software GENERAL Temperature Range 23 C 3 C for specified operation Operates 0 C to 50 C Storage 20 C to 60 C Dimensions 11 5cm 4 53 in H 25 8 cm 10 14 in W 30cm 11 81 in D Weight 5 0kg 11 Ibs Power 55VA 45W max 100 120 220 240 VAC 5 10 48 to 63 Hz Weight and dimensions are approximate Errors and omissions excepted Specifications subject to change without notice TEGAM Vertex Formatting DSOLink and WaveWorks Pro are trademarks of TEGAM Inc 1996 TEGAM Inc All rights reserved 1 3 This page intentionally left blank 1 4 SECTION 2 CONNECTING POWER 2 1 GROUND CONNECTION WARNING To prevent death or injury from electrical shock be sure the Model 2414A is connected to earth ground through an approved and inspected three wire power cord 2 2 SELECTING LINE MAINS VOLTAGE CAUTION Severe damage to the Model 2414A can occur if the rear panel power switches are set to incorrect positions Be sure to check these settings during initial installation 2 2 1 Line Switch The Line Switch see Figure 2 1 selects one of two coarse po
51. R NR1 INT EXT INT EXT ON OFF ON OFF NR NR3 WAVE SEQ NR or STDW WAVE SEQ NR1 or STDW CONT TRIG GATE BURST TOGGLE NR NR2 ON MUTE or ON OFF Limits Min Max 010 10 2 010 10 2 1 1048575 1 1048575 0 10E6 0 10E6 WAVE 0 999 SEQ 0 99 10 2 10 2 10 2 10 2 Command Description Amplitude levels are referenced from 50Q source impedance into 50Q load impedance Sets the peak to peak output voltage Returns the peak to peak output voltage Sets the burst count Returns the present burst number setting Selects either INTernal or EXTernal sample clock source Returns the present setting for the sample clock source Sets output filter ON or OFF Returns the present output filter state Selects the waveform output frequency Returns the calculated output frequency Selects the specified WAVEform or SEQuence number to send to the output e g FUNC WAVE 1 FUNC WAVE STDW Returns the currently selected WAVEform or SEQuence number in the form WAVE SEQ lt or STDW gt mode to GATEd Sets the output signal CONTinuous TRIGgered BURST or TOGGLEd Returns present mode of the output signal Sets output offset voltage Returns present offset voltage value Turns ON or MUTEs the output 10 25 Root Command Short Form Level 1 Command Short Form Qutput Commands cont OUTPUT_SWTCH OUTSW READ_BURST RBR
52. RES 9 1 VIEW FUNCTION 9 1 9 2 9 1 9 2 1 cibus 9 2 9 2 2 9 2 9 2 3 End 21 9 2 9 3 LEM ee 9 2 9 4 OUTPUT 9 2 9 5 INTERNAL TRIGGER _____ _ _ 9 3 9 6 Hec inine QM 9 3 9 7 MOLD 9 3 9 8 MONITOR BURST 9 3 9 9 SES ae SL aE 9 4 9 9 1 RS 232 Waveform Generator Setup 9 4 9 9 2 GPIB Waveform Generator Setup 9 4 9 9 3 DSO 7 111 9 5 9 10 WaveWorks ProMSOFTWARE 9 5 SECTION 10 RS 232C amp GPIB 10 1 INTRODUGTION 10 1 10 2 QUICK 10 1 10 3 RS 232C OVERVIEW 10 3 10 3 1 Introduction 10 3 10 3 2 Interface lt 10 3 10 8 3 2414 5 10 5 10 3 4 Verify _ 10 6 10 3 5 Command 10 6 10 3 5 1 Common kkk 10 6 10 3 5 2 Event
53. RINT 1 Wvfm Wave 0 Size 3000 CrLf PRINT 1 Func Wave 0 exec CrLf PRINT 1 Outsw On exec CrLf Draw sine in WAV 000 starting at address 0 Slice 2 Pi 3000 PRINT 1 Wvfm Mem O Command header followed by FOR Addr 0 TO 2999 3000 points of sine wave DataPoint 2047 5 SIN Addr Slice PRINT 1 STRS DataPoint Data separated NEXT Addr PRINT 1 CrLf Terminate command now CLOSE 10 11 10 12 10 4 GPIB IEEE 488 2 OVERVIEW 10 4 1 Introduction The Model 2414A with the GPIB option conforms to the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IEEE Standard 488 2 1987 The specific implementation of IEEE 488 1 includes the following functions and subsets Interface Function Subset Source Handshake SH1 Acceptor Handshake AH1 Talker T6 Listener L4 Service Request SR1 Remote Local RL1 Parallel Poll PPO Device Clear DC1 Device Trigger DT1 Controller CO Electrical Interface E1 To facilitate programming a brief overview of the IEEE 488 2 Standard as it specifically applies to the 2414A is provided This section includes Common Commands Status and Event Registers Functional Elements including syntax and nomenclature Data Formats and Error Reporting For a more detailed discussion of these topics a copy of IEEE Standard 488 2 1987 may be obtained from The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc 345 East 47th Street N
54. RM DESIGN SHEET DICTIONARY OF TERMS GPIB AND RS 232 CONNECTOR PINOUTS STANDARD WAVESHAPE EQUATIONS ERROR CODES WAVEFORM MEMORY ORGANIZATION WAVEFORM MEMORY REMOTE COMMANDS OSCILLOSCOPE SETUPS FOR DSOLINK WARRANTY WaveWorks Pro WAVEFORM CREATION SOFTWARE CALIBRATION VERIFICATION PROCEDURE SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1 PRODUCT SUMMARY The 2414A provides an unlimited variety of signal source waveshapes and sequences Twenty standard waveshapes are pre programmed for instant recall Arbitrary waveshapes can be downloaded from a computer or digital storage oscilloscope or created locally using line vertex or point editing All standard and custom waveshapes are digitally synthesized with 12 bits 4095 points of amplitude resolution and 160k of waveform memory 128k active and 32k buffer An accurate internal clock up to 20 MHz provides an extremely wide range of output frequencies The instrument is easy to operate with an intuitive front panel and a menu driven easy to read 40 character backlit display Parameter changes may be done conveniently using either a numeric keypad or a rotary edit knob Two previously stored waveforms can be added subtracted or multiplied together for special applications such as an amplitude modulated signal Diverse waveform sequences can easily be created by using a Sequence Generator option which permits different waveform segments to be repeated and or linked in any order All waveforms as well a
55. Register and Status and Error Reporting 10 7 10 3 5 3 Functional Syntax 5________________ 10 7 10 3 5 4 asa cmo oiv rod c c tts 10 9 10 3 6 Sample 10 10 10 4 GPIB IEEE 488 2 1 _ 10 12 10 4 1 IHIGUUGHON es 10 12 10 4 2 Common 0 11111 10 12 10 4 3 Status and Event Registers s 10 13 10 4 4 Functional Elements sss 10 14 10 4 5 Data 10 16 10 4 6 10 18 10 5 REMOTE COMMAND ____________________ 10 19 10 5 1 INtrOdUCHON eoo em 10 19 10 5 2 Command Set n 10 20 10 5 3 Stacked 10 20 105 4 Gommahd 5 10 21 10 5 5 Sequence Generator Application 10 36 10 5 6 Programming Example 10 38 10 6 RESET AND FACTORY DEFAULTS 10 40 10 7 WAVEFORM EDITING PRINCIPLES sist 10 42 10 8 WAVEFORM MEMORY FORMATS ___________ 10 44 10 8 1 Decimal Waveform Download 2 10 44 10 8 2 Binary Waveform Download 10 45 vi APPENDIX INDEX MENUS BLOCK DIAGRAM PROGRAMMING WORKSHEET WAVEFO
56. S SYNCSEL SYSEL lt ws gt lt sync lt state gt Alternately SYNC 1 ADDR ENDP SYNC 2 ADDR WRUN SYNC 3 ADDR ENDB SYNCSEL SYSEL ws sync gt Query Response SYNC 1 ADDR ENDP SYNC 2 ADDRAWRUN SYNC 3 ADDR ENDB TRGINMODE lt ws gt lt state gt TRGINMODE TRGOUTMODE lt ws gt lt state gt TRGOUTMODE Waveform Edit Commands For Arbitrary Waves only WAVEFORM WVFM lt 5 gt lt of carrier cycles starting carrier phase of modulation cycles starting mod phase modulation index CIRCLE lt ws gt lt of cycles starting phase lt inver gt Data Limits Format Min Max ON MUTE NR1 1 1048575 NR 1 3 4 ADDR STATE 1 3 4 SYNC ASYNC SERIAL PARALLEL lt NR gt 0 1E4 lt NR gt 360 360 lt NR gt 0 1E4 lt NR gt 360 360 lt NR gt 0 200 lt NR gt 0 1E4 lt NR gt 360 360 NORM INVERT Command Description Returns the state of output switch Returns the value of the completed burst count Sets the selected SYNC pulse to either an ADDRess or specific STATE within the waveform For SYNC1 STATE inserts a pulse at the waveform END Point or ENDP For SYNC3 STATE sets the sync pulse high during Waveform RUN WRUN and for SYNC4 STATE sets the sync pulse at the END point of each waveform Burst ENDB within a sequence Ref SYNC under Waveform Edit Commands Returns the present state ADDR or STATE of the specifie
57. ace or tab separating the command header from the start address item The numbers specified by the data items are stored in successive addresses of the wave memory The command header is a string whose value depends only on the wave to be set Wave Command Header Value 0 WVFM WAVE 0 MEM 1 WVFM WAVE 1 999 WVFM WAVE 999 MEM The start address is a decimal number between 0 and 131007 It sets the starting address where the data will be downloaded in waveform memory The data items are decimal numbers between 2048 and 2047 If the AMPL Amplitude parameter is set to 10V the following data 2048 0 2047 would produce 10 Volts O Volts and 10 Volts respectively on the output Examples An 8 point positive Ramp down loaded into wave 1 address 0 WVFM WAVE 1 MEM 0 0 292 584 877 1169 1462 1754 2047 An 8 point sine wave down loaded into wave 2 address 48 WVFM WAVE 2 MEM 48 0 1447 2047 1447 0 1448 2048 1448 10 8 2 Binary Waveform Download The 2414 A also supports binary format for waveform lt data gt items Binary format is the fastest way to transfer data lt command header gt lt start address gt lt binary data gt lt n gt The lt command header gt and lt start address gt are the same as above The lt binary data gt has the following format lt gt lt num gt lt length gt lt hi byte gt lt lo byte lt hi gt lt lo gt lt n gt Where lt gt is the pound
58. al lt NRf gt format lt NR1 NUMERIC RESPONSE gt lt 1 gt x X e g 98765432 lt NR2 NUMERIC RESPONSE gt lt 2 gt e g 98765 432 lt NR3 NUMERIC RESPONSE gt lt gt 5 x x x x x xX E xX x x e g 987 65432E 05 NON DECIMAL NUMERIC PROGRAM DATA Numeric values may also be represented as a binary octal or hex number as follows Binary Bx x x or bx x x where x is 0 or 1 Octal Qx x x or qx x x where x is 0 thru 7 Hex Hx x x or hx x x where x is a 0 thru 10 9 10 10 ARBITRARY BLOCK PROGRAM This data format is used to speed bus transfer in cases where large amounts of data are sent to or from a device Such as waveform or buffer memory data in the 2414A Only the lt DEFINITE LENGTH gt block data format is acceptable lt DEFINITE LENGTH gt zy yx x where z is a number 1 9 and represents the number of y digit elements The y digits taken together as a decimal integer equal the number of 8 bit bytes that follow For example to send 4 data bytes lt DAB gt using the lt DEFINITE LENGTH format you could send 14 lt DAB gt lt DAB gt lt DAB gt lt DAB gt or 204 lt DAB gt lt DAB gt lt DAB gt lt DAB gt s Refer to Section 10 8 for detailed instructions on how to enter data into the waveform memory of the 2414A 10 3 6 Sample Program The following
59. ard Waveforms 20 Math Transfer Functions 13 Math Operations Digital Pattern TEES Re M pan Bee Ben OC D FFT and IFFT Sequence Programming inewave File Import Export 7 Formats including Common ASCII Formats CSV PRN GPIB and RS 232 Support Waveform Data Download Upload Instrument Control Panel Data Import from Popular DSOs WaveWorks Pro Waveform Creation Software for Everybody STANDARD WAVES All 30 standard waves with the required parameters are set up in the selected screen for instantaneous use Sine Cosine Square Triangle DC Ramp Squine Gaussian Pulsel Pulse2 VHR Pulse SinX X AM FM PWM BFSK BPSK Lines NTSC Comb FIR LPF HAN SinX X Steps Cont Sweep Step Sweep Burst Sweep Exponential Analog Noise Digital Noise WAVEFORM GRAPHIC MATH Math Transfer Function All 20 transfer functions including integration and differentiation are available to modify the waveform in the specified manner Null Linear Section Square Absolute Cubic Log Square Root Exponential Polynomial Integration Band Pass Differentiation DC Cut Normalize Rotate Mirror I Phase Q Phase Swap Math Operator Complex waveforms are readily created by use of the 13 operators Each of the waveforms in the set are included in developing the final result which is downloaded to the generator memory Addition Subtraction Multiplication Division Cascade Insert Add Into Convolution FIR Filter AM FM QAM SEQUENCE PROGRAMMING
60. ber of times the wave is repeated and the third and last indicates the sequence step number Example The following command will create sequence file 23 Step 5 will be wave 1 repeated 2 times Step 10 will be wave 3 repeated 4 times Step 15 will be wave 5 repeated 6 times 23 1 2 5 3 4 10 5 6 15 10 37 10 5 6 Programming Example The following programming example shows how to communicate with the 2414A over the GPIB using a National Instruments AT GPIB card installed in an IBM compatible PC The program illustrates in Quick Basic the following 1 Read 40 words of data one at a time from the selected memory 2 Read a block of 10 data words from the selected memory 3 Create 3 waveforms in waveform memories 0 to 2 then set up these waveforms in a sequence with a single burst for each waveform Quick Basic Programming Example DECLARE SUB SendArb ArbString DECLARE SUB WaitDelay Sec REM INCLUDE qbdecl bas COMMON SHARED Arb CrLf CHR 13 CHR 10 GOSUB InitGpibResetArb StartProgram PRINT Read 40 points using mem command FOR Address 0 TO 39 CALL ibwrt Arb wvfm me m STR Ad dress CrLf GOSUB ReadArb PRINT Address ArbString NEXT Address PRINT Read a block of 10 using Mblk command CALL ibwrt Arb96 wvfm MbIk 0 10 CrLf GOSUB ReadArb PRINT Response ArbString PRINT Load Sinewave into waveform 0 CALL ibwrt Arb96 wvfm Wave 0
61. cters Receiving data from 2414A Instrument will stop sending data when the CTS line is off and resume sending data when it is on 10 5 10 6 10 3 4 Verify Communication After the PC and the 2414A have been connected together and programmed for compatible interface parameters the interface should be tested for proper operation The following program notation conventions will be observed The symbol represents the computer Control Key The use of braces around two characters means the two keys must be pressed simultaneously To test the interface type the following IDN JH D The 2414A should identify itself with the following TEGAM Inc MODEL 24144 0 V1 XX XX represents the current firmware revision number 10 3 5 Command Syntax The command syntax of the Model 24144 closely relates to the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IEEE Standard 488 2 1987 Commands can be divided into two major categories common commands and instrument specific commands Overviews of the following topics are provided as they relate specifically to the RS 232C interface Common Commands Event Register and Status and Error Reporting Functional Syntax Elements Instrument specific commands which are identical to both RS 232C and GPIB interfaces are explained in Section 10 5 10 3 5 1 Common Commands Common commands recognizable by their leading character are defined by the IEEE 488 2 standard Comm
62. d SYNC pulse Sets the trigger input mode to SYNC hronous or ASYNChronous See Sec 8 Returns the present mode of the input trigger For multi instrument triggering sets out puts to trigger in serial or parallel See Sec8 Returns the current output trigger mode REFER TO SECTION 10 7 FOR AN OVERVIEW OF WAVEFORM EDITING Generates a sinewave amplitude modulated by a sinewave in the selected waveform memory Ref WAVE command The first two parameters specify the carrier characteristics and the second two the modulating waveform Modulation index can vary from 0 to 200 Generates a semicircle in the selected waveform memory The first parameter specifies the number of cycles while the second specifies starting phase in degrees The keyword sets the first part of the waveform NORMal or INVERTed first half cycle positive or negative resp Root Command Short Form Level 1 Command Short Form Waveform Edit Commands cont Arbitrary WAVEFORM WVFM DC ws Y value EXPONENTIAL EXP ws exponent invert FM lt ws gt lt of carrier cycles starting carrier phase of modulation cycles starting mod phase modulation index GAUSSIAN GAUSS ws exponent PHAVERSINE HSIN ws lt 5 gt WAVEFORM WVFM LINE lt ws gt lt starting Y value ending Y value FLINEARSWEEP LINS ws starting of cycles ending
63. d stop the output waveform 3 4 S10 29IPU pue gt jaueg 1u044 z pue pedKay shay yog qouy ueeJos 401 2 pue dnjeg 2 YOUMS 4 ee ae ajqeysnipe Ajuo yoyuow 1 Jaweed WAN a Le Le 2 1 39 AuVHLISHV ZHN 02 WV93L 3 5 pue ANGI XVN M 57 ZH 59 9 A921 901 uedo jou jeoujoere N 2887 3331 ONS ino NI OH S18 PONAS ONAS 1no 2 W S N ape 0140 Wv931 ON 1VIH3S Vvive 1300W 2 5 JOVAYSILNI 1 5 3 6 SECTION 4 GENERATOR CONCEPT amp CONTROL 4 1 INTRODUCTION This section explains how waveforms are digitally synthesized how the clocking system works and how waveforms are played back 4 2 DIGITAL SYNTHESIS Both standard and arbitrary waveshapes are created by digitally storing X and Y values in random access memory RAM Standard waveshapes have their X and Y values loaded automatically from stored algorithms Arbitrary wav
64. e calibrators thermometers humidity and temperature control devices and more TEGAM also repairs and calibrates test and measurement equipment formerly manufactured by Electro Scientific Industries ESI Gertsch Keithley Instruments Lucas Weinschel and Pragmatic Instruments A complete list can be viewed on our Product Service Directory at www tegam com For more information about TEGAM and our products please visit our website at www tegam com or contact one of our customer service representatives at sales tegam com or 800 666 1010 TEGAM Ten Tegam Way Geneva Ohio 44041 Telephone 440 466 6100 Fax 440 466 6110 E mail sales tegam com
65. e edit knob or keypad to set cursor and anchor intensity to desired level Adjust scope trace intensity at the same time for best results 9 4 OUTPUT FILTER 7 MHz 7th order low pass filter may be switched into the output signal circuit This filter is effective in removing sampling step noise when the maximum clock frequency of 20 MHz is used The default setting for the output filter is OFF To enable the output filter 1 Press OUTPUT key 2 Press FLTR softkey capital letters ON lower case letters OFF 3 Press ENTER key 9 5 INTERNAL TRIGGER GENERATOR The triggered toggled and burst modes require an external manual or internal trigger The internal trigger generator provides a periodic trigger at a variable rate from 02 to 10 seconds To select the internal trigger 1 Press UTIL key 2 Press TGEN softkey 3 Press ON softkey 4 Set desired trigger interval with edit knob or keypad Press ENTER key if keypad is used NOTE The internal trigger generator provides only short pulses which are not usable for gated mode CAUTION Remember to turn the internal trigger generator OFF when it is no longer needed 9 6 RTS Return To Start interrupts the output signal and returns the output signal back to the start level RTS may be implemented by applying a TTL level to the rear panel RTS IN connector or by pressing the SHIFT and RTS keys on the front panel 9 7 HOLD Hold stops the output signal and holds i
66. e value of the STATUS BYTE The Master Summary Status bit bit 6 is cleared with the first read but all other bits remain unchanged until the conditions are cleared Ref Section 10 4 3 Equivalent to the front panel TRIG key Generally this is a selftest command however it presently does not initiate any action except to return an ASCII 1 Root Command Short Form Level 1 Command Short Form Commands cont WAI OPT CONFIGURE CONF FHEADERS HDRS ws state ON OFF b HEADERS EXECUTE EXEC HOLD ws state RECALL RCLL lt ws gt lt memory gt REF_CLK_ADJ RADJ lt ws gt lt correction REF_CLK_ADJ RADJ REF_CLOCK RCLK lt ws gt lt state gt REF CLOCK RCLK RESET RTNTOSTRT RTST SAMPLECLOCK SCLK ws frequency Data Format ON OFF ON OFF NR NR NR1 INT EXT INT EXT CURR ALL ON OFF NR Limits Min Max 0 30 2048 2047 2048 2047 1 20E6 Command Description This Wait to Continue command has no effect since commands are processed sequentially No Option Installed ASCII 0 Option s Installed SEQ GPIB ASCII 0 appears in any one option not installed With headers ON query responses include the header With headers OFF responses return only the data Returns the current header configuration Instructs the instrument to execute pending commands Equivalent to t
67. ed to be re programmed if they are in a section of memory deleted when the length of a Waveform Number is shortened 9 1 9 2 9 2 1 End Pulse End Pulse is the normal output from the front panel SYNC OUT connector It is a TTL level which is high during the last clock interval of the output waveform In continuous and triggered modes it is at the end of each cycle In gated and burst modes it is at the end of the last cycle With the optional sequence mode the End Pulse occurs at the end of the sequence 9 2 2 Run Run is the normal output from the rear panel SYNC 3 OUT RUN connector It is a TTL level which is high whenever an output signal is present 9 2 3 End Block End Block is the normal output from the rear panel SYNC 4 OUT END connector It is used only with the optional Sequence Generator to provide a TTL level which is high during the last clock interval at the end of each step in the sequence 9 3 Z AXIS LEVEL Z Axis is the output from the rear panel Z OUT connector It provides a variable level pulse at times coincident with the cursor and anchor positions when in the waveform edit modes When connected to the Z Axis input of the monitor oscilloscope it provides intensity modulation of the display to show the cursor and anchor positions The level setting depends upon the sensitivity of the oscilloscope To adjust the Z Axis level 1 Press EDIT key 2 Press LINE softkey 3 Press ZLVL softkey 4 Us
68. egister see discussion below and then send the following 10 13 ESE 164 164 decimal equivalent of binary 10100100 The ESE and ESR command queries allow reading of the Standard Event Status Enable and Standard Event Status Registers respectively Ref Section 10 5 4 SRE and STB Registers The Status Byte STB Register of the 2414A has four active bits see Figure 10 3 which summarize the current status of the event registers output queue and certain instrument specific functions Similar to the ESE Register the SRE Register provides an 8 bit mask to allow the programmer to enable each STB bit with the exception of the MSS bit 6 to generate an SRQ STB STATUS BYTE REGISTER 7 5 7 not supported MSS MSS Master Summary Status ESB ESB Event Status Bit MAV Message Available i i Bit 3 not supported Bit 2 not supported Bit 1 not supported USRO USRO Device Dependent Summary Message Bit SRE SERVICE REQUEST ENABLE REGISTER Figure 10 4 SRE and STB Registers As an example to enable the ESB and bits but not the USRO of the Status Byte Register you would send the following command SRE 48 4
69. equence Generator The Sequence Generator permits different waveforms to be repeated and or linked with each other in any order The list of programmed instructions for each loop and link series is called a Sequence Up to 100 different Sequences can be programmed All sequences combined can have up to 1000 steps Each step defines one Waveform Number up to 1000 and the number of times it repeats up to 1 048 575 Figure 7 1 shows a typical sequence of waveforms Table 7 1 is a Sequence Programming Worksheet with sample entries corresponding to Figure 7 1 A blank worksheet suitable for reproduction is located in the Appendix 7 2 PROGRAMMING A SEQUENCE Before programming a sequence be sure each desired waveform has been created and stored in a Waveform Number location In addition prepare a programming worksheet in a manner similar to Table 7 1 Then follow this procedure Press SETUP key Press SEQ softkey Press NEW softkey Select desired new sequence file number with edit knob or keypad Press OK to enter number or CANC to cancel Press OPEN softkey Press ADDS softkey Select first step number with edit knob or keypad To allow for future changes to the program it is a good idea to leave room between step numbers 10 20 30 9 Press OK to enter number or CANC to cancel 0 Select desired Waveform Number for this step with edit knob or keypad 1 Press double arrow key to move burst number t
70. ery leakage This warranty is in lieu of all other warranties expressed or implied including any implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular use TEGAM Inc shall not be liable for any indirect special or consequential damages STATEMENT OF CALIBRATION This instrument has been inspected and tested in accordance with specifications published by TEGAM Inc The accuracy and calibration of this instrument are traceable to the National Institute of Standards and Technology through equipment which is calibrated at planned intervals by comparison to certified standards maintained in the Laboratories of TEGAM Inc WaveWorks Fro Waveform Creation Software for Windows The simplest most intuitive way to make the waveforms you need New WaveWorks Pro tums your computer screen into a waveform palette An extensive waveform library with a complete set of design and editing tools Works with all TEGAM waveform generators Now you can solve all your waveform needs like a pro This prolific software is a virtual function generator with unlimited real waveforms and control parameters A comprehensive array of math operations and transfer functions to design your most demanding waveshape Synthesis in both the time and frequency domain is provided by FFT and IFFT routines Import spreadsheet files accomplish data analysis facilitate documentation and report writing with ease FEATURES Functions 30 Stand
71. eshapes are created by downloading X and Y values from a computer or by using the line or vertex edit mode The line and vertex edit modes allow the X and Y values to be entered manually using the edit knob and or numeric keypad Waveform creation can also be accomplished with an optional computer mouse connected to the back of the instrument to position and store X and Y intersects Figure 4 1 shows how a waveform is described in RAM memory with a series of X Y values P ui X 499 Y 2047 X 999 Y 004 Y X 000 Y 000 ON X 1499 Y 2048 Figure 4 1 Digital Waveform Synthesis 4 1 4 4 HOW WAVEFORM IS PLAYED BACK Figure 4 3 shows how the waveform is played back The digital waveform data stored in the waveform memory is clocked through a D A converter to create the analog representation of the signal A low pass filter can be switched in to remove the sampling noise DIGITAL DATA DAC OUT PUT LOW PASS FILTER 0000 0000 0000 to eliminate sample 0000 0000 0001 Clock 0000 0000 0100 D A CONVERTER 0000 0000 0000 WAVEFORM DATA ANALOG OUT PUT to DAC hil WAVEFORM Address PROGRAM Generator RAM DATA Figure 4 3 Waveform Playback 4 4 HOW WAVEFORM IS PLAYED BACK Figure 4 3 shows how the waveform is played back The digital waveform data stored in the waveform memory is clocked through a D A converter to create the analog representation of the signal A low pas
72. eters are displayed DC offset can be changed from the default value of zero to any value between 10 2 V CAUTION To prevent waveform clipping the combined amplitude and offset must not exceed 10 2V 3 4 4 Sample Clock and Output Frequency Output waveform frequency is a function of both the clock frequency and the number of samples Output f Clock f Samples Since the default clock frequency is 10 MHz and the standard waveform default memory allocation is 1000 samples the default output frequency is 10 MHz 1000 10 kHz Press the CLOCK FREQ key Either the clock frequency SCLK or the desired output frequency FREQ can be entered directly Use the double arrow key to move the selection to the top row of the display Use the edit knob or keypad to set the desired value Any change in the number of waveform samples will also affect the output frequency as discussed in Section 5 3 4 5 Modes Modes are selected by pressing the MODE key Press it successively to display all five modes Use the softkeys F1 through F4 to select a mode and then press ENTER Each mode performs as follows Continuous Output runs continuously between selected memory address locations Triggered Output at start point until triggered then runs once Gated As triggered except output is continuous until gate signal ends Burst Each trigger outputs a pre programmed number of waveforms from 1 to 1 048 575 Toggled Alternate triggers start an
73. ew York NY 10017 10 4 2 Common Commands Commands can be divided into two major categories common commands and instrument specific commands Instrument specific commands are detailed in Section 10 5 Common commands are defined by the standard and among other things are used to manage status registers and synchronization The following is a list of common commands as implemented in the 2414A Command Description CLS Clear Status ESE GPIB only Standard Event Status Enable ESE GPIB only Standard Event Status Enable Query ESR Standard Event Status Register Query IDN Identification Query OPC GPIB only Operation Complete OPC Operation Complete Query GPIB only Service Request Enable SRE GPIB only Service Request Enable Query Command Cont Description Cont STB Status Byte Query TRG Trigger Command TST Self Test Query WAI Wait to Continue OPT System Option Query See Section 10 5 for further descriptions of command formats operation and expected responses from queries 10 4 3 Status and Event Registers There are four required status or event registers They are 1 Standard Event Status Enable ESE Register 2 Standard Event Status ESR Register 3 Service Request Enable SRE Register and 4 Status Byte STB These registers indicate device status and allow the programmer to specify which device events will enable a service request ESR and ESE Register
74. first 5 blocks of memory are assigned Waveform Numbers Additional Waveform Numbers can be assigned up to total of 1000 depending on the number of points Waveform Numbers are used to access the memory blocks for initial waveform programming and to recall the waveforms later Waveform Numbers are arrayed in the memory in ascending order Figure 5 1 shows the default waveform numbers and partitioning START DAT 2 START 0 11000 WAV 0 WAV 2 WAV 3 WAV 4 1 lt nd E mes cord Available Memory Space 131 071 eT n Figure 5 1 Waveform Partitions and Numbers 5 1 5 4 CHANGING WAVEFORM BLOCK LENGTHS 5 4 1 Standard Wave The standard wave memory can be changed from its default value of 1000 points Minimum waveform length is 32 points 1 Press SETUP key 2 Press STDW softkey The display indicates the present length of the standard wave and the address where it begins in memory 3 Press LEN softkey The display indicates the available free memory 4 Select desired standard wave length with edit knob or keypad Do not attempt to exceed the amount of memory available 5 Press OK to enter change or CANC to cancel 6 Press ENTER 5 4 2 Waveform Number Block Lengths The waveform lengths of the numbered blocks can be changed from their default values of 2000 points Minimum waveform length is 32 points 1 Press SETUP key 2 Press WAV softkey 3 Select Waveform Number with edit
75. for writing into waveform memory Sets the memory size of the currently selected waveform in number of points The size can be from zero to the total amount of free memory space If the selected waveform is the standard waveform STDW the existing waveform is stretched or squeezed to fit the new size If the selected waveform is other than the STDW if enlarging the size new points set to 0 are added at the end of the waveform reducing the size Sending zero size will delete waveform Returns the present value of SIZE 10 29 Root Command Short Form Data Limits Level 1 Command Short Form Format Min Max Waveform Edit commands cont itrar WAVEFORM WVFM Command Description SYNC ws sync 1 3 4 Installs a sync pulse into the specified start position 0 131007 channel The start position indicates length 0 131008 where in the selected waveform memory the pulse begins and length specifies the total length of the pulse Start position can be from 0 to SIZE 1 while length can range from 0 to SIZE POSITION SYNC ws sync 1 3 4 Returns the starting position and length of start position 0 131007 the specified sync pulse length 0 131008 WAVE ws waveform selector Selects either the Standard Waveform STDW or one of the numbered locations within the waveform or buffer memories POSITION is set to 0 and LENGTH is set to SIZE See Sec 10
76. form portion Re scaling amplitude from the default value of 4095 to the maximum value of 8191 doubles the output amplitude Steps 1 4 above can be repeated as necessary to enlarge small signals CAUTION The waveform will be clipped if the scaling factors cause the waveform to exceed the 4095 points available in the waveform memory 6 3 4 Smoothing A smoothing factor may be applied to any part or all of a waveform It is computed as a moving average over a specified number of samples 1 Select anchors as in 6 3 1 2 Press either the left or right arrow key 3 Press SMOO softkey 4 Select the number of samples to be averaged up to 250 using the edit knob or keypad 5 Press SHOW softkey to preview 6 Press CANC softkey to cancel 7 Press OK softkey to store smoothed waveform 6 3 5 Inserting Standard Functions Any one of 20 standard functions can be inserted between the left and right anchors 1 Select anchors as in 6 3 1 2 Press INSF key 3 Select desired standard waveshape by pressing softkey Use left and right arrow keys to view all 20 waveshapes Available ancillary functions for the selected waveshape may be accessed by pressing an arrow key 6 6 4 Press SHOW softkey to preview selection 5 Press CANC softkey to cancel selection 6 Press OK softkey to store selection 6 3 6 Summing Standard Functions Any one of the 20 standard functions can be algebraically summed to any part or all of any ot
77. he front panel ENTER key See Section 10 5 1 Holds or releases the present level of the output voltage Equivalent to a front panel HOLD Recall front panel setups from specified memory Adjusts reference clock by the specified factor Returns current ref clock adjustment factor Sets reference clock source to INTernal or EXTernal Returns the present state of the reference clock source Resets instrument settings to default values See Section 10 6 Returns to the starting point of the output waveform when ON Equivalent to front panel RTS Sets the sample clock frequency 10 23 10 24 Root Command Short Form Data Limits Level 1 Command Short Form Format Min Max System Commands cont Command Description SAMPLECLOCK SCLK 0 1 20E6 Returns the present sample clock frequency STORE STOR ws memory gt 0 30 Store front panel setups into specified memory TGENERATOR TGEN ws state Sets trigger generator ON or OFF TGENERATOR TGEN Returns the present state of the trigger generator TGRRATE TGRR ws rate Sets the trigger rate in seconds TGRRATE Returns the current trigger rate TRIGGER TRIG lt ws gt lt state gt Sets the trigger ON OFF PULSEd instrument Status Commands The 16 bit Instrument Status Event Register and Instrument Status Enable Register are laid out as follows The summarized status is routed to Bit amp 0 USRO in
78. her standard function 1 Select the first standard waveshape as in 6 3 5 2 If the second standard waveshape is to be summed to only a portion of the first standard waveshape reposition the anchors as described in paragraph 6 3 1 3 Press either the left or right arrow key 4 Press SUMF softkey 5 Select desired standard waveshape by pressing softkey Use left and right arrow keys to view all 20 waveshapes Access any desired ancillary functions by pressing the arrow keys Reduce the digital amplitude value as necessary to prevent clipping 6 Press SHOW softkey to preview summed waveforms 7 Press CANC softkey to cancel 8 Press OK softkey to store summed waveforms 6 3 7 Dump Function Dump Function permits a standard waveform to be conveniently loaded into the entire length of a Waveform Number without specifying left and right anchors This also permits standard waveforms to be inserted in Waveform Numbers with lengths greater than 8000 points 1 Select the desired Waveform Number as in 6 3 2 Press either the left or right arrow key 3 Press DMPF softkey 4 Select desired standard waveshape by pressing softkey Use left and right arrow keys to view all 20 waveshapes Access any desired ancillary functions by pressing the arrow keys 5 Press DO softkey to store the waveform in memory and permit further changes or press OK softkey to store waveform and return to previous menu CAUTION It is not possible to pre
79. ign a destination Waveform Number refer to paragraph 5 6 1 Press the arrowhead 4 softkey 2 The displayed equation has the following form Destination Waveform Waveform or Waveform 3 Define each Waveform Number by moving the arrowhead to each location in the equation and selecting a Waveform Number with the edit knob or keypad followed by ENTER 4 Press the DO softkey after the three Waveform Numbers have been assigned The result is visible at the output CAUTION Be sure only equal length waveform blocks are combined using a math function The destination waveform may be larger 6 6 EXAMPLES Waveform editing in the Model 2414A is so flexible that often the same complex waveform can be created several different ways For example let us construct a waveform described by the equation A sin cot 1 6 sin Scot It is presumed that the waveform lengths are at the default values of LEN 2000 6 6 1 Insert and Sum Functions Press SETUP key Press WAV softkey Press NEW softkey to select anew Waveform Number Press OK softkey Press EDIT key Press VRTX softkey Set Waveform Number to that selected in step 3 Press INSF softkey Press SIN softkey Set Phase 0 000 and Number 1 00 0 Press arrow key until Digital Offset DO and Digital Amplitude DA are displayed 11 Set DO 0 and DA 4095 A full amplitude signal is obtained with DA 4095 12 Press OK s
80. ive area as follows LEN The length command determines the actual horizontal length of the active area This maximum length is SIZE POSN The minimum command sets the lowest y value for the active area The maximum y command sets the highest value for the active area POSN The position command determines the horizontal starting point for the active area Note that once a waveform is written into the active area using the waveform edit commands POSN is changed to the point POSN LEN 1 Important Note For the Standard Waveform STDW the active area is always the entire area defined by SIZE Thus none of the four commands mentioned above effect the STDW 10 43 10 44 10 8 WAVEFORM MEMORY FORMATS This section describes the formats of the commands which enter data into the wave memory of a TEGAM Inc arbitrary waveform generator via the GPIB or RS 232 interface 10 8 1 Decimal Waveform Download The contents of the waveform memory for wave X X 0 999 are changed by a single command formatted according to the IEEE 488 2 1987 standard and has the following syntax command header start address gt lt data gt lt data gt As a command for the GPIB or RS 232 a command headers followed by the address of the first memory cell to be set followed by one or more data items and terminated by a semicolon The start address gt and data items are separated by commas with a sp
81. knob The display indicates the present length and start address of the waveform 4 Press LEN softkey The display indicates the available free memory 5 Select desired waveform block length with edit knob or keypad Do not attempt to exceed the amount of memory available 6 Press OK to enter change or CANC to cancel 5 5 DELETING WAVEFORMS A waveform which is no longer needed can be deleted from memory as follows 1 Press SETUP key 2 Press WAV softkey 3 Select Waveform Number with edit knob 4 Press DEL softkey 5 Press OK to delete or CANC to cancel 5 6 INSERTING NEW WAVEFORM NUMBERS Unused Waveform Numbers can be activated as follows 1 Press SETUP key 2 Press WAV softkey 3 Press NEW softkey 4 Screen will show all unused Waveform Numbers when edit knob is turned Select desired number 5 Move waveform length to right side of display with double arrow key and set desired length with edit knob or keypad New waveform cannot be longer than available free memory See 5 4 2 6 Press OK to insert new Waveform Number or CANC to cancel 5 2 SECTION 6 CREATING AND EDITING WAVESHAPES 6 1 INTRODUCTION This section explains how to create arbitrary non standard waveshapes These custom waveforms can be created a segment at a time using line or vertex edit modes Waveshapes can also be created or modified a point at a time by using the point edit mode Each step in the waveform construction may be viewed
82. knob keypad or optional mouse 4 Press OK to store anchors or CANC to cancel NOTE The difference between the left and right anchors is limited to 8000 points or the waveform length whichever is less 6 8 6 4 2 Entering Point Values 1 Press MODP softkey 2 Set the X and Y coordinates using the edit knob or keypad Press OK to store each point value 3 Continue adding coordinates until the desired waveshape is obtained The PX and PX softkeys may be used to decrement or increment the X address 6 5 MATH OPERATIONS Math operations permit the contents of any two Waveform Numbers of equal size to be algebraically added subtracted or multiplied together Complex composite signals can thus be created such as shaped tone bursts amplitude modulation etc To enter the Math Mode 1 Press EDIT key 2 Press MATH softkey 6 5 1 Selecting Math Function The three math functions have the following forms A B Multiply output amplitude normalized to full scale waveform memory Add output amplitude divided by two A B Subtract output amplitude divided by two To select one of the math functions 1 Press OP softkey 2 Press the softkey for the desired math function The selected function will be capitalized See paragraph 6 6 2 for a detailed example 6 9 6 5 2 Selecting Waveform Numbers Waveform Numbers to be combined must be selected and a destination assigned for the combined waveform To ass
83. m the second the number of times the waveform is repeated and the third indicates the sequence step for that waveform Returns the waveform burst count and step number all as integers of the specified sequence and step number Configures the automatic sequence step generator to begin at the selected first sequence step and increment by the step number to the next sequence step number This command is used in conjunction with SEQ SEQB Constructs a sequence with the specified sequence number composed of a series of waveforms as specified The burst count is set to 1 for each waveform If no waveform number is supplied the sequence is deleted Constructs a sequence with the specified sequence number composed of a series of waveforms Waveform parameters come in pairs with the first being the number of the next waveform in sequence and the second being the number of times the waveform is repeated Constructs a sequence with the specified sequence number composed of a series of waveforms Waveform parameters come in triplets The first specifies the number of the waveform the second the number of times the waveform is repeated and the third indicates the sequence step for that waveform 10 35 10 36 10 5 5 SEQUENCE GENERATOR APPLICATION NOTES ADDSEQUENCE ADDSEQ adds to the specific sequence file one or more sequence steps This is the only way to modify an existing sequence file using GPIB or RS 23
84. ments of the 128K active waveform memory to be viewed at the output Segments of memory are selected by programming start and stop X addresses rather than Waveform Numbers Thus several consecutive waveforms occupying different Waveform Numbers can be viewed together To use the View function 1 Press FUNC key 2 Press VIEW softkey 3 Select Segment 1 2 or 3 4 Set Left view address with edit knob or keypad 5 Use arrow key to reverse positions and set Right view address 6 Press ENTER key 7 Set addresses for other segments in the same manner if desired The ALL softkey may be used to view the entire 131 072 points in memory 9 2 SYNC OUTPUTS The Model 2414A provides three separate sync output signals as listed in Table 9 1 SYN LOCATION FUNCTION SYNC OUT Front Panel End Pulse or Programmable Address SYNC 3 OUT Rear Panel Run or Programmable Address SYNC 4 OUT Rear Panel End Block or Programmable Address Table 9 1 Sync Outputs Each of the sync outputs has a unique default function as listed in Table 9 1 In lieu of the default function each may be programmed to provide a sync output pulse at any address and for any length for each waveform stored in the memory Selections of the sync functions are made in the Output Menus Programmable sync address and length settings are made in the Setup Menus The default sync address is 0 and the default sync pulse length is one clock period NOTE Programmable syncs may ne
85. messages would execute properly without a device error AMPL 1 0 0 7 5 or OFFSET 7 5 AMPL 1 0 Command Execution As already alluded to in the preceding paragraph in order for the Model 2414A to recognize and execute a command or series of commands they usually must be followed by the EXECUTE command This command is equivalent to the front panel button and allows the programmer to send a complete PROGRAM MESSAGE gt into an input buffer before executing any of the individual lt PROGRAM MESSAGE UNITS gt The advantage of this method is two fold 1 it allows the Model 2414A to process the commands very quickly as a group rather than wait for the slower bus transfers to complete and 2 it offers the non sequence dependent benefits as outlined above 10 19 10 20 10 5 2 Command Set Hierarchy The command set of the Model 2414A uses a hierarchial structure similar to the file structure on many computer systems Figure 10 4 shows an example of this structure root WVFM level 1 LEN POSN SIZE SYNC WAVE Figure 10 5 Command Hierarchy While some instruments use several levels within the command set structure the Model 2414A uses mostly one or two levels The top level represented by the mnemonic WVFM is called the root and the next lower level is level 1 With this structure you must follow a path through the root in order to reach the commands on level 1 Refer
86. nan peee EAEEREN E R 6 8 6 4 POINT MODE crnan R a 6 8 6 4 1 Selecting Left and Right Anchor 2222 6 8 6 4 2 Entering Point 6 9 6 5 MATH OPERATIONS ensi Rn aii 6 9 6 5 1 Selecting Math 6 9 6 5 2 Selecting Waveform Numbers 6 10 6 6 co MCN HEN ANM 6 10 6 6 1 Insert and Sum 6 10 6 6 2 Math Function 6 12 7 1 INTRODUCTION 7 1 7 2 PROGRAMMING A _ 7 1 7 3 DELETING A lt 7 4 7 4 ADDING STEP TO AN EXISTING SEQUENCE 7 4 7 5 DELETING A STEP FROM AN EXISTING SEQUENCE 7 4 7 6 MODIFYING A STEP WITHIN AN EXISTING SEQUENCE7 4 MULTIPLE UNITS 8 1 INTRODUCTION 2222220 9 8 1 8 2 See BR Snr 8 1 8 2 1 Clock _ 8 1 8 2 2 Trigger lt 8 1 8 3 SERIES OPERATION 8 2 8 3 1 Clock 8 2 9 92 Trigger 1 _____________ 8 2 SECTION 9 OTHER FEATU
87. ng Figure 10 1 RS 232 Cable Schematic 10 4 10 3 3 2414A Setup The following communication protocol parameters are recommended Baud Rate 19 2k Parity None Bits 8 Data 1 Stop Handshake Hardware To setup the 2414A Press UTIL key Press R232 softkey Press PC softkey Press BAUD softkey Press 19k2 softkey Press LAST key Press PAR softkey Press NONE softkey Press LAST key 0 1 2 3 14 15 WON Press BITS softkey Press 8D1S softkey Press LAST key 8 9 10 11 12 13 Press HAND softkey Press HW softkey Press ENTER key With software handshaking flow control of data to from the instrument is controlled by XON XOFF ASCII characters Sending data to 2414A Instrument will send a XOFF ASCII CTRL S when the instrument buffer fills to 200 characters Instrument will send a XON ASCII CTRL Q when instrument buffer emties to 80 characters Receiving data from 2414A Instrument will stop sending data when a XOFF ASCII CTRL S is received Instrument will resume sending data when a XON ASCII CTRL Q is received With hardware handshaking flow control of data to from the instrument is controlled by the DTR CTS lines of the RS 232 interface Sending data to 2414A Instrument will turn the DTR line off 12V when the instrument buffer fills to 200 characters Instrument will turn the DTR line on 12V when the instrument buffer empties to 80 chara
88. o right side of display E 2 Set desired number of waveform repetitions with edit knob or keypad 3 Press OK to enter numbers or CANC to cancel 4 Select next step number repeating steps 7 through 12 above 5 After all steps have been programmed view finished results by selecting Sequence Number in Function menu and pressing ENTER Additional sequences can be programmed and stored by selecting a different sequence file number in the steps above 4 4 4 4 4 4 7 1 7 2 Waveform 1 Waveform 2 Figure 7 1 Typical Waveform Sequence WAVEFORM SEQUENCE WORK SHEET TEGAM 2414A STANDARD WAVEFORM SEQUENCE 10 APPLICATION Demo LENGTH STDW 1000 CUSTOM WAVEFORMS WAV LENGTH TYPE STEP WAV NUMBER of BURST 1 2000 Sine 10 1 3 2 2000 Arbitrary 20 2 2 3 2000 Triangle 30 3 5 Table 7 1 Sequence Programming Worksheet 7 3 7 3 DELETING A SEQUENCE Sequences no longer required may be deleted from memory by the following procedure Press SETUP key Press SEQ softkey Select sequence file number to be deleted with edit knob or keypad Press DELF softkey 5 Press OK to delete file or CANC to cancel 1 2 3 4 7 4 ADDING A STEP TO AN EXISTING SEQUENCE To add a step to an existing sequence 1 Press SETUP key
89. ockNum amp MaxBlockSize amp BlockNum amp 1 toplIndex amp BlockNum amp MaxBlockSize amp 1 RINT Assembling Block BlockNum amp in progress OSUB AssembleData RINT DownLoading CALL IBWRT Arb disp Block STRS BlockNum processing CHRS CALI Header BinData PRINT gt gt completed lt lt GOSUB CheckStatus LOOP 10 IBWRT Arb wvfm mem STRS StartIndex amp 10 DO WHILE NumPartial Header BinData N tartlIndex amp B MakeHe 9 00090 topIndex amp OSUB Assemb RINT gt Do ALL IBWRT A RINT gt gt OSUB CheckS umPartial amp PRINT Stop CALL ibloc Arb INPUT Hit Re END BlockNum amp MaxBlockSize amp OCkSize amp NumPartial amp ader RINT Assembling a partial bock of BlockSize amp CALL IBWRT Arb disp Partial Block STRS BlockNum CHRS 10 NumPartial amp 1 StartIndex leData wnLoading gt ros wvfm mem STRS StartIndex amp CHRS 10 ompleted lt lt tatus 0 TIMES turn to continue Scratch 10 49 10 50 MakeHeader templ temp2 Headers RETURN Assem urren F
90. oftkey Observe that the fundamental frequency sin cot is stored in memory and uses maximum vertical resolution capacity at the waveform peaks as shown in Figure 6 3a 13 Press either left or right arrow key 14 Press SUMF softkey 15 16 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 Press SIN softkey Set Phase 0 000 and Number 3 00 17 Press arrow key until Digital Offset DO and Digital Amplitude DA are displayed 18 Set DO 0 and DA 683 Scaling of the amplitude adjusts for the 1 6 amplitude coefficient 19 Press SHOW softkey to preview the results and monitor the output for the desired signal Care must be exercised to limit the final waveforms to be within the memory limits 20 Press OK softkey 21 Observe the resulting composite waveform at the output as shown in Figure 6 3b a SINot 6 SIN zSIN3 ot Figure 6 3 Insert and Sum Waveform Creation 6 11 6 6 2 Math Function 1 Press SETUP key 2 Press WAV softkey 3 Use existing Waveform Numbers or press NEW and OK softkeys three times to select three new Waveform Numbers As in the previous example the waveform length is presumed to be LEN 2000 4 Press EDIT key 5 Press VRTX softkey 6 Select first Waveform Number from step 3 7 Press INSF softkey 8 Press SIN softkey 9 Set Phase 0 000 and Number 1 00 10 Press arrow key until Digital Offset DO and Digital Amplitude DA are displayed 11 Set Digital Offset
91. ommand messages the lt PMT gt can take one of two different formats CRLF represents carriage return and is an ASCII OD LF represents line feed and is an ASCII LF LF represents line feed and is an ASCII RESPONSE MESSAGE or For query messages the required terminator is CRLF as above 10 3 5 4 Data Formats Many of the PROGRAM MESSAGE UNITS and RESPONSE MESSAGE UNITS include numeric data in the message e g the 5 in the message SINE 5 0 This section defines acceptable data formats and Section 10 5 indicates which formats are used with specific commands and responses DECIMAL NUMERIC PROGRAM or lt NRf gt This is the most flexible of the numeric representations and takes the following general form mantissa white space exponent where lt mantissa gt with a maximum length of 255 characters excluding leading zeros and the optional exponent E x x or e x x with a maximum value of 32000 Note in the above definitions x represents digits 0 9 means enclosed characters are optional The following example demonstrates several acceptable ways to represent the number 1 234 567 890 in NRf format 11234567890 123456 7890 lt white space gt e04 1 234567890E 9 1234567890E 10 Three other numeric data formats are used in lt RESPONSE MESSAGE UNITS and subsets of the more gener
92. ommands TRIGGER TRIG CONFIGURE CONF HEADERS HDRS HEADERS HDRS 10 1 Command Long Form Output Commands AMPLITUDE AMPLITUDE BURST BURST CLOCK_SEL CLOCK_SEL FILTER FILTER FREQUENCY FREQUENCY FUNCTION FUNCTION MODE MODE OFFSET OFFSET OUTPUT_SWTCH OUTPUT_SWTCH READ_BURST SYNCSEL SYNCSEL TRGINMODE TRGINMODE TRGOUTMODE TRGOUTMODE Short Form NOISE OFST OFST OUTSW OUTSW RBRS SYSEL SYSEL RS 232 Specific Commands GTR RS232 GTL RS232 LLO RS232 Sequence Generator Commands WAVEFORM ADDSEQUENCE ADDSEQUENCE AUTOSEQUENCE SEQUENCE SEQBURST SEQBURSTNUM WVFM ADDSEQ ADDSEQ AUTO SEQ SEQB SEQBN Command Long Form WAVEFORM AM DC EXPONENTIAL GAUSSIAN HAVERSINE LINE L1NEARSWEEP PULSE SAWTOOTH SCM SINE SQUARE SINE X OVR X TRIANGLE LENGTH LENGTH MAXY MAXY MINY MINY POSITION POSITION SIZE SIZE SYNC SYNC WAVE WAVE MEMORY MEMORY MEM BLOCK Short Form Waveform Editing Commands WVFM EXP GAUSS HSIN LINS SAW SXX LEN LEN POSN POSN MEM MEM MBLK 10 3 RS 232 OVERVIEW 10 3 1 Introduction RS 232 is an industry standard method of sending data back and forth between two pieces of equipment With the Model 2414A a computer can remotely control the instrument download waveform data and upload waveform data This overview explains the interface requirements 2414A setup how to verify communicati
93. on an oscilloscope connected to the instrument output The mouse is recommended for line and vertex editing although it is possible to construct waveforms without it Arbitrary and standard waveforms can be interspersed More complex waveforms can be created by adding subtracting and multiplying any two standard or arbitrary waveforms that have been previously stored in memory It is also possible to download waveforms from a computer using the standard RS 232C or optional GPIB interface In addition waveforms can be transferred directly from most digital storage oscilloscopes via RS 232C or GPIB NOTE Define Waveform Number block length before creating an arbitrary wave shape see paragraph 5 4 2 6 2 LINE MODE With the line editing mode waveforms are created a segment at a time from a left hand start or anchor point A line is drawn from the start point or anchor to a vertex point which is positioned to the right The vertex becomes a new start point and the process is interactively repeated until the new arbitrary waveform is completed This process is illustrated in Figure 6 1 All or any portion of a selected waveform block can be edited Editing begins either at a start point or left anchor A start point can be placed at any X and Y position within the selected waveform block Alternatively a left anchor can be positioned at any X address but the Y value follows that of any previously programmed waveform or baseline 6 1 6
94. on commands dealing with GPIB protocols or status reporting are not supported in the RS 232C interface Therefore RS 232C uses the following subset of the mandated GPIB common commands Command Description CLS Clear Status ESR Standard Event Status Register Query IDN Identification Query OPC Operation Complete Query TRG Trigger Command TST Self Test Query WAI Wait to Continue OPT System Option Query GTR_RS232 Go To Remote Brings RS232 into REMOTE state with front panel inactive GTL_RS232 Go To Local Returns RS232 to LOCAL and clears LOCAL LOCKOUT state LLO RS232 Local Lockout During REMOTE with LOCAL LOCKOUT the LOCAL key on the front panel is disabled Remote to Local transitions can only be controlled by the computer The LOCAL LOCKOUT state is cleared by a RS232 command on power See Section 10 5 for further descriptions of command formats operation and expected responses from queries 10 3 5 2 Event Register and Status and Error Reporting The Standard Event Status Register ESR may be utilized to indicate the instrument status Each of six bits within the eight bit register indicates a different condition within the 2414A ESR STANDARD EVENT STATUS REGISTER POW Power On URQ User Request not supported EXE Command Error DDE EXE Execution Error ROC DDE Device Dependent Error RQC Request Control not supported Figure 10 2 ESR Register
95. ond to pen numbers Refer to the Appendix for specific setup procedures for selected DSO s 9 9 2 GPIB Waveform Generator Setup 1 Press UTIL key 2 Press GPIB softkey 3 Select the Waveform Number in which to store the DSO waveform 4 Select the appropriate DSO number if known see table 9 2 5 Press ENTER 6 Press PLOT or HARD COPY on the DSO 7 If the DSO number is not known try each one in turn until the waveform appears at the output Refer to the Appendix for specific setup procedures for selected DSO s Biomation DS04080 0501 Hewlett Packard 54510B 0501 54600 Incompatible Format Axes Rotated 90 Hitachi VC 6155 0503 Philips PM3375 0801 Tektronix TEK2232 DS02 TEK2440 DS02 Table 9 2 Supported Oscilloscopes 9 9 3 DSO Setup Refer to the DSO manual for specific instructions on how to place the DSO in the PLOT or HARD COPY mode It will need to output HPGL or HP7475 plotter commands For RS 232 make sure the proper cable is used and all the settings match For GPIB set the DSO to TALK ONLY NOTE Since the DSO waveforms are formatted for a plotter superfluous data may appear in the margins 9 10 WaveWorks Pro SOFTWARE Optional waveform creation software for the Model 2414A is provided by WaveWorks Pro Software WaveWorks Pro consists of a PC program disk RS 232 cable and an instruction manual The software features the following 1 30 Standard Waveforms 2 20
96. ons and the command syntax structure A sample program is also provided 10 3 2 Interface Requirements All IBM or IBM compatible personal computers PCs should be equipped with at least one serial interface port It may be either a 9 pin DB 9 or a 25 pin DB 25 connector An 8 foot 9 pin to 9 pin cable is included with the Model 24144 If desired a cable may be constructed per Figure 10 1 Most any software which defines communication protocols may be used This includes the programming languages Quick Basic GW Basic Quick C Turbo C and Turbo C Communications programs such as ProComm a shareware version are also usually acceptable A local echo feature is helpful to monitor your typing 10 3 RS 232 ADAPTER CABLES The following wiring diagrams illustrate proper interconnects between the serial port of an IBM or compatible PC and the Model 2414A RS 232 connector IBM PC Model 2414A DB 25 DB 9 female female a ee 9 TXD 4 Open 5 4 DTR 6 7 RTS 7 Ground 5 Gnd 8 1 20 8 CTS IBM PC Model 2414A DB 9 DB 9 female female j tee BHD 2 gt 3 TXD 7 Open 8 4 gt 4 DTR 6 7 RTS 5 Ground 5 Gnd 1 1 4 ee CTS NOTE 1 The above cables work for both hardware HW and software SW handshake However binary waveform download is not supported in the software handshake Setting 2 Special software is required for the PC to support software handshaki
97. or CANC to cancel NOTE Anchors and vertexes will appear on the oscilloscope screen as intensified points on the edited output waveform Connect a BNC BNC cable between the Z OUT connector on the 2414A rear panel and the Z AXIS input connector of the oscilloscope Adjust the oscilloscope intensity for good cursor definition If necessary refer to paragraph 9 3 to adjust the Z Axis level 6 2 1 Select LINE mode d pe and m View startup screen on scope 2 Move VRTX with mouse Monitor VRTX coordinate X Y on front panel Press LEFT mouse button to anchor VRTX 1 3 Anchor the vertex and create a new line The anchor has automatically moved to a new location Ready for a new vertex 4 Continue this process until desired waveform is created VRTX 1 Figure 6 1 Line Mode Waveform Creation and Editing 6 3 6 2 3 Creating Line Segments 1 Press CHRD chord softkey Set anchors first per paragraph 6 2 2 2 Use edit knob keypad or optional mouse to select X and Y addresses for the destination of the first line segment chord If the mouse is used LCD readouts will continually indicate mouse position 3 When the desired position is reached press OK or the left mouse button and the line segment will be stored Press CANC or the right mouse button to cancel 4 Create the next line segment by again using the knob keypad or optional mouse to set the next X Y coordinate as before
98. pleted 6 4 1 Select VERTEX mode 3 c scale REET New GRO New View startup screen scope Place LEFT and RIGHT ANCHORs at desired addresses with mouse and front panel keys Between the anchor left and the 2 Active edit area is gonen anchor right digitally rescale the waveform with DA digital amplitude and DO digital offset Lp 3 Select a vertex b sum or insert function or c scale a VERTEX ACTIVE EDIT AREA Place VRTX anywhere between the anchor points After the placement move the two anchors to a new area b SUM or INSERT FUNCTION EXAMPLE SINE WAVE 1 SUMF sum function is similar to analog sum INSF Insert Function cuts the active edit area of the waveform and pastes a new function Figure 6 2 Vertex Mode Waveform Creation and Editing 6 5 6 3 3 Scaling Scaling allows any portion of a waveform designated by the left and right anchors to be scaled in amplitude and offset 1 Select anchors as in 6 3 1 2 Press SCAL softkey 3 Set digital amplitude DA and digital offset DO values for selected portion of waveform using edit knob keypad or optional mouse Observe changes on output oscilloscope Use double arrow key to select active parameter 4 Press OK to store the scaled waveform or CANC to cancel NOTE The digital amplitude default value is 4095 The available range of settings is 8191 A negative setting inverts the edited wave
99. portant to understand the principles behind memory allocation size and the active memory area For the following discussion refer to Figure 10 4 There are 131 040 words of active waveform memory and 32 768 words of buffer memory The active memory is divided up into an area designated for the Standard Waveform STDW and the rest of the memory which can be partioned into waveform files numbered 0 to 999 The buffer memory can be partioned into waveform files numbered 0 to 99 The horizontal size in digital words of each partioned waveform can be set by the SIZE command and thus the total number of waveforms is limited by the cumulative size of the individual waveforms The minimum and maximum y values for the two memories are 2048 and 2047 respectively WAVE 000 999 STOW BUFR 00 99 BUFR 2047 2048 Figure 10 6 Waveform Editing Commands When using the Waveform editing commands to operate on a specific waveform memory it is important to realize that these commands only affect the active area Set Note below In other words if you wanted to create a sinewave with three cycles starting at 0 phase you would send the following command WVFM SINE 3 0 EXEC This command would place three cycles of sinewaves into the active area with a maximum and minimum y value the same as the active area The commands LEN MINY MAXY and POSN all affect the actual dimensions of the act
100. r both ARB and STDW waves Returns the number of data points as specified in length each data point is a 2 byte word high byte first beginning at the address as stipulated The response is made up of first the address in an NRI format separated by a comma then the data in the definite length arbitrary block data format Ref Section 10 7 Used to copy entire waveforms between or within the WAVEFORM MEMORY WVFM or BUFFER MEMORY BUFR The first src NR selector pair specifies SOURCE waveform number and SOURCE waveform system selector Similarly the second dest NR selector pair defines the DESTINATION parameters The command WVFM COPY 0 BUFR 1 WVFM copies the contents of BUFR WAV 0 into WVFM WAV 1 The COPY command never affects the size of the source or destination waveforms The tran sfer process begins by copying the data point at the first location address 0 of the source waveform to the first location of the target waveform Then the second data point of the source waveform is copied to the second loc ation address 1 of the target waveform This process terminates after the last data point of the source waveform is copied OR the last data point of the destination waveform has been written The COPY command using BUFR can be used to rapidly backup or restore wave forms Transfer rates up to 400k points sec provide extremely fast execution speed Returns the number of unused data points in
101. r for the device to recognize the end of a PROGRAM MESSAGES a special terminator is required For command messages the lt PMT gt can take one of three different formats END This is defined as sending EO1 TRUE and ATN FALSE with the last byte of the message NL NL represents newline and is an ASCII 0A NL END A END sent along with NL as the last byte RESPONSE MESSAGE TERMINATOR or For query messages the required terminator is NL END A ND sent along with NL as the last byte 10 4 5 Data Formats Many of the PROGRAM MESSAGE UNITS and RESPONSE MESSAGE UNITS include numeric data in the message e g the 5 in the message SINE 5 0 This section defines acceptable data formats and Section 10 5 indicates which formats are used with specific commands and responses lt DECIMAL NUMERIC PROGRAM or lt NRf gt This is the most flexible of the numeric representations and takes the following general form mantissa white space sapone where lt mantissa gt x x X x with a maximum length of 255 characters excluding leading zeros and the optional exponent E x x or e x x with a maximum value of 32000 Note in the above definitions x represents digits 0 9 means enclosed characters are optional The following example demonstrates several acceptable ways to represent the number 1 234 567 890 in lt NRf gt format 11234567890 123456 7890 lt
102. rdinates Generates a linearly swept sinewave with the number of starting and ending cycles as specified Generates logarithmically swept sinewave with the number of starting and ending cycles as specified Generates psuedo random noise in the selected waveform memory Ref WAVE command 10 27 10 28 Root Command Short Form Level 1 Command Short Form Waveform Edit Commands cont Arbitrary WAVEFORM WVFM PULSE lt ws gt lt of pulses gt lt delay gt lt risetime gt lt high time gt lt falltime gt invert SAWTOOTH SAW lt ws gt lt of cycles duty cycle lt gt SINE lt ws gt lt of cycles lt starting phase gt 5 lt gt lt of carrier cycles lt starting carrier phase gt lt of modulation cycles gt lt starting modulation phase gt SQUARE lt ws gt lt of cycles duty cycle invert SINE X OVR X SXX lt ws gt lt of cycles invert KTRIANGLE ws ft of cycles invert LENGTH LEN ws length Data Format NR NR NR NR NR NORM INVERT NR NR NORM INVERT NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NORM INVERT NR NORM INVERT NR NORM INVERT NR Limits Min Max 1 1E4 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 100 1 1E4 0 100 001 1E4 360 360 0 1E4 360 360 0 1 4 360 360 1 1 4 0 100 4
103. ring to Figure 10 4 if we wanted to execute the command SIZE we would need to indicate the path through the root as follows WVFM SIZE 100 Finally it is important to note that 1 the path rules of the Model 2414A allow the programmer to delete the root from the command if the level 1 command has the same root as the preceding command and 2 if the preceding command is at level 1 you ust specify any new root by using in front of the root mnemonic To illustrate 1 WVFM WAVE 10 WVFM SIZE 100 is the same as WVFM WAVE 10 SIZE 100 10 5 3 Stacked Queries In general the Mode 2414A allows stacked queries returning the responses in the same order in which the queries were received The only exceptions to this are the IDN and queries Any queries that are placed after the IDN or queries in a PROGRAM MESSAGE will be ignored 10 5 4 Command Set This section gives a complete explanation of all commands and their structure for the Model 2414A The following abbreviations are used for convenience lt ws gt Whitespace as defined in Section 10 4 4 NR This refers to the flexible numeric representation lt or non decimal numeric data as defined in Section 10 4 5 Brackets indicate that the enclosed characters or parameters are optional In the case of the command header either the long form or the short form may be used but not both lt arbblk gt This refers to arbitrar
104. rpart Therefore it is highly recommended that the reader be thoroughly familiar with the front panel operation of the Model 2414A before beginning any programming IMPORTANT NOTE In order to eliminate some of the common errors encountered while programming instruments the Model 2414A has adopted a unique approach to sending and executing lt PROGRAM MESSAGESs The following discussions on command sequence and command execution explain this approach Command Sequence Normally a series of commands or lt PROGRAM MESSAGE UNITS are sent as a single lt PROGRAM MESSAGE according to the rules outlined in Section 10 4 While these commands are generally executed sequentially there are certain conditions where the absolute sequential execution of the commands would cause a device error Take for example the following situation Output amplitude is 5Vpp with offset of OV The new test setup calls for an output setting of 1Vpp with 7 5V offset Note Maximum output amplitude is 10Vpeak With most instruments that execute commands sequentially it would be required to first change the amplitude then change the offset in order to prevent a device error caused by the sum of amplitude and offset exceeding 10 4Vpeak see ERROR CODES in the Appendix Because the Model 2414A is not sequence dependent except for WVFM commands the command order within a single PROGRAM MESSAGE is of no consequence Thus both of the following
105. rt Arb CLS IF VAL InputString gt 0 THEN PRINT gt gt ESR ERROR read VAL InputString CALL ibwrt Arb CLS END SUB SUB WaitDelay Sec StrtTime TIMER CurrentTime TIMER StpTime StrtTime Sec DO WHILE CurrentTime StpTime CurrentTime TIMER LOOP PRINT StrtTime CurrentTime END SUB 10 39 10 6 RESET AND FACTORY DEFAULTS The following Table shows the parameter values which are affected for both factory default and reset setting conditions Factory default can be accessed via the front panel RESET key and selecting the ALL function or over the GPIB with the RESET ALL command Reset settings can be accessed either from the front panel RESET CURRent function or over the GPIB with the RST or RESET CURR commands 10 40 Parameter Default Value Factory Set RST Reference Clock Adjust 0 Y Reference Clock Select INTernal Sample Clock Freq 10MHz Sample Clock Select INTernal Trigger Generator Rate 50 ms Trigger Generator State OFF Amplitude 5 000 V Burst Count 3 Filter OFF Function STDW Wave CONTinuous Offset Output Switch MUTE Trigger Input Mode ASYNChronous Trigger Output Mode SERIAL Waveform Edit Functions AM lt carrier cycles 20 lt phase gt 0 Y lt gt 1 lt phase gt 0 mod index 100 Circle 1 cycle 0 phase DC 0
106. s Each bit of the 8 bit ESR Register indicates a different condition within the device see Figure 10 2 The ESE Register provides a bit by bit mask of the ESR register When a bit in the ESE Register is set TRUE it enables the corresponding ESR bit to generate a Service Request SRQ if the ESB bit bit 5 in the SRE Register has also been enabled See discussion on SRE and STB Registers ESR STANDARD EVENT STATUS REGISTER 7 s 2 gt 0 POW Power On 2 o URQ User Request not supported CME Command Error EXE Execution Error DDE Device Dependent Error QYE Query Error Request Control not supported D I M I i OPC Operation Complete RQC DDE 7 e s ESE STANDARD EVENT STATUS ENABLE REGISTER Figure 10 3 ESR and ESE Registers For example if you wanted to generate SRQ on 1 power on bit 7 or 2 command error bit 5 or 3 query error bit 2 you would first set the ESB bit in SRE R
107. s between 84 5 mV and 95 5 mV Amplitude Accuracy 1 Select RESET and CURRent and press OK 2 Function Sine 3 Clock 1 MHz 4 Output On 5 Connect ARE Out to DMM No load 6 Amplitude 10 2 V ENTER 7 Measure true RMS amplitude on DMM and convert to peak value by multiplying by 1 414 8 Verify peak value is between 10 078 V and 10 322 V 9 Amplitude 900 mV ENTER Model 2414A Cal Verification Page 3 of 3 10 Measure true RMS amplitude on DMM and convert to peak value by multiplying by 1 414 11 Verify peak value is between 868 mV and 932 mV 12 Amplitude 90 mV ENTER 13 Measure true RMS amplitude on DMM and convert to peak value by multiplying by 1 414 14 Verify peak value is between 84 5 mV and 95 5 mV Total Harmonic Distortion Noise 1 Select RESET and CURRent and press OK 2 Function Sine 3 Amplitude 9 1 V 4 Output On 5 Filter On From OUTPUT menu 6 Clock 10 MHz 7 Press ENTER 8 Connect ARB Out to distortion analyzer through 5002 load 9 Set distortion analyzer for a 10 kHz signal and 80 kHz measurement bandwidth 10 Verify THD noise is less than 65 dB For further information please contact us via phone fax or e mail Phone 1 800 666 1010 Or 440 466 6100 Fax 440 466 6110 E mail sales tegam com INDEX INDEX active area 10 42 43 add 1 1 6 1 6 9 add sequence ADDS 7 1 add step ADDS 7 4 all key 3 2 AM 1 2 10 26 10 31 amplitude
108. s filter can be switched in to remove the sampling noise DIGITAL DATA DAC OUTPUT LOW PASS FILTER 0000 0000 0000 to eliminate sample 0000 0000 0001 clock 0000 0000 0100 ps D A CONVERTER gt 0000 0000 0000 WAVEFORM DATA ANALOG OUTPUT idi to DAC gt WAVEFORM Address PROGRAM Generator RAM DATA Figure 4 3 Waveform Playback 4 3 4 4 This page intentionally left blank SECTION 5 MEMORY ORGANIZATION 5 1 INTRODUCTION This section explains how the waveform memory is organized the system of waveform numbering how default memory segments can be changed and how standard functions can be inserted 5 2 DEFAULT PARTITIONING The total available waveform memory is 163 808 points 131 040 points are the active waveform memory from which the output signals are derived An additional 32 768 points of buffer memory may be accessed by the RS 232C or optional GPIB remote interface The buffer memory may be downloaded with new waveform data while signals are outputted from the active memory without interruption The active memory is initially divided into partitions to provide easy programming of 6 different waveforms Five blocks of 2000 points each occupy the first 10K of memory In addition one of 20 standard waveforms can be readily recalled from the Function menu and downloaded to 1000 points of memory from 10K to UK A sinewave is the default Standard Wave 5 3 WAVEFORM NUMBERING The
109. s instrument setups are completely non volatile An RS 232 remote interface is standard and GPIB IEEE 488 2 is available as an option The Model 2414A is housed in an extremely rugged extruded aluminum case sized small enough to fit comfortably on any bench High quality state of the art components assure the utmost reliability and performance 1 2 KEY FEATURES 20 Standard Waveshapes 128K Active Waveform Memory 32k Buffer Waveform Memory 20 MHz Sample Clock 12 Bits Amplitude Resolution Waveform Creation and Editing Mouse and Pad Included Add Subtract and Multiply Waveforms Loop and Link Waveforms with Sequence Generator Optional Standard RS 232 Interface GPIB Interface Optional Up to 1000 Waveforms Data Transfer from DSO ARBLink Software amp RS 232 Cable Included 1 3 SPECIFICATIONS OUTPUT WAVEFORMS Up to 1000 Custom Waveforms Sine Triangle Square Pulse Exponential AM SCM FM Lin Log Sweep Noise Sin x x Gaussian Haversine Circle SEQUENCE GENERATOR Optional Waveform Loop and Link Repetitions Loop 1 000 000 times Link1000 waveforms Program 1000 Steps WAVEFORM MEMORY Total 160k 163 808 points Active 128k 131 040 points Buffer 32k 32 768 points Buffer accessible by RS 232C or GPIB only Vertical Resolution 12 bits 4096 points 2047 2048 MEMORY PARTITION Active 1000 waveforms Buffer 100 waveforms WAVEFORM SAMPLING RATE Range 0 1Hz to 20MHz 105
110. sample RS 232 program is written in QuickBasic It reads the instrument identification and writes a 3000 point sine wave into Waveform Number 000 NKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK DIT MODEL 2414A Programming in RS232 REV 0 2 18 93 ELE QuickBASIC program using 1 serial port Program a Reads Instrument Identification Query y b Writes a 3000 point sine wave into WAV 000 M The 2414A communication settings must be programmed to BAUD 9 6K PAR NONE BITS 8015 HAND HW CLS Clear Screen CONST Pi 3 14159 CrLf 13 10 Command terminator Talk CHRS 4 Request query response OpenCommLink OPEN COM1 9600 N 8 1 CS5000 DS5000 BIN FOR RANDOM AS 1 PRINT 1 CrLf CrLf Flush 2414A receive buffer Read Identification PRINT 1 IDN CrLf Identification query command PRINT 1 Talk Request query response LINE INPUT 1 QueryResponse and read it Flush INPUTS 1 1 Flush trailing Line Feed PRINT Instr ID QueryResponse which is left in buffer Reset 2414A PRINT 1 Rst CrLf Size WAV 000 to 3000 points and run it PRINT 1 Wvfm Wave 0 Size 0 CrLf Erase old WAV 000 P
111. sample clock input or output TTL Reference In Out Rear panel internal 10 MHz reference output TTL Sync Trigger Out Rear panel TTL sync for triggering additional units in parallel or series Z Axis Out Rear panel Z Axis output in edit mode Sync 3 Run Out Rear panel TTL output High when output signal on Sync 4 End Block Out Rear panel TTL output Single pulse at end of each memory block in continuous and triggered modes single pulse after each group of cycles in gated and burst modes 1 2 INPUTS Sum In Front panel input allows external signal to be added to output Gain 2 open circuit and 1 with 50Q output termination and 50Q input impedance Trigger Input Rear panel TTL trigger input for triggered gated toggled and burst modes Clock In Rear panel waveform sample clock input TTL lt 20 2 Reference In Rear panel 10 MHz reference input The internal crystal controlled oscillator will phase lock to the input RTS In Rear panel TTL input to initiate RTS mode Hold In Rear panel TTL input to stop waveform at present level TRIGGER SOURCES External Trigger Input Manual Trigger Internal Trigger Generator 0 02 to 10 seconds CREATION TOOLS Waveform Editing Point Mode Line Mode Vertex Mode Insert Function Sum Function Dump Function Digital Amplitude Offset Smooth Copy Paste Waveform Math A B A B AxB Pointing Device Mouse or front panel numeric keypad or edit knob DSO DATA TRANSFER DS
112. sign ASCII 35 num is the number of digits in the length param 1 to 9 length is the length in bytes two bytes per waveform data point 2to 262016 hi byte contains the upper four bits of a waveform data point lo byte contains the lower eight bits of a waveform data point lt n gt is the new line character ASCII 10 NOTE 1 The range of a waveform data point is 0 to 4095 If the AMPL Amplitude parameter is set to 10V the following waveform data point values 0 2048 and 4095 produce 10 Volts O Volts and 10 Volts respectively on the output The waveform data point is converted to hi byte gt lt lo byte format for binary downloading Conversion from waveform data to hi byte lo byte can be accomplished as follows QuickBasic high byte FIX pointdata 256 low byte pointdata MOD 256 C high byte pointdata 256 low byte pointdata 256 Where pointdata is between 0 and 4095 2 Since two bytes are required for each waveform data point the length of bytes sent must always be even 10 45 10 46 Example An 8 point positive Ramp down loaded into wave 1 address 0 WVFM WAVE 1 MEM 0 40016binary_data n Where binary_data are the following values as bytes sent to the GPIB or RS 232 8 0 9 36 10 72 II 109 12 145113 182 14 218 15 255 The complete command as bytes in memory would look like the following PW VPTETMTZPWTATV TET PEME 0176
113. t you could send 14 lt DAB gt lt DAB gt lt DAB gt lt DAB gt or 204 lt DAB gt lt DAB gt lt DAB gt lt DAB gt Refer to Section 10 8 for detailed instructions on how to enter data into the waveform memory of the 2414A 10 17 10 18 10 4 6 Error Reporting There are four basic types of errors that are reported by a device Command In general when a PROGRAM MESSAGE is sent with an error in the syntax a command error is reported The command parser the module that recognizes individual commands will report the bad command and look for the next valid command in sequence Execution This error represents either program data which is out of range or a message which was not properly executed due to some device condition In this case the faulty command will generate the error but not be performed Device Specific As the name implies this error is defined by the specific instrument Currently there are no Device specific errors generated by the Model 2414A Query When a controller or other device attempts to read data from the Output Queue when no data is present or pending or when output data is lost a query error is generated To clear an error 1 Correct the condition which caused the error 2 Send the CLS command or read the standard event status register by using the ESR query command 10 5 REMOTE COMMAND SET 10 5 1 Introduction Most of the command set has an equivalent front panel counte
114. t at its present level while applied Hold may be implemented by applying a TTL level to the rear panel HOLD IN connector or by pressing the SHIFT and HOLD keys on the front panel 9 8 MONITOR BURST COUNT In the burst mode the output cycle count can be monitored at any time This is most appropriate for slow low frequency signals To monitor the burst count 1 Press UTIL key twice 2 Press MBST softkey Each time the MBST softkey is pressed the counter is updated and displays the burst count at that time 9 3 9 4 9 9 DSOLINK DSOLink permits waveforms which have been captured by a digital storage oscilloscope DSO to be directly loaded into the active waveform memory Either the RS 232 or GPIB interface may be used depending on the DSO interface Almost any oscilloscope with a remote interface which supports an HPGL plotter can be used 9 9 1 RS 232 Waveform Generator Setup 1 Press UTIL key 2 Press R232 softkey 3 Press DSO softkey and select Waveform Number in which to store the DSO waveform 4 Use the appropriate softkeys to check the settings of the baud rate parity bits and handshake Make sure the settings of the generator and the DSO match 5 Press TYPE softkey and select the appropriate DSO number if known see table 9 2 6 Press ENTER 7 Press PLOT or HARD COPY on the DSO 8 If the DSO number is not known try each one in turn until the waveform appears at the output DSO numbers corresp
115. the STB Register Instrument Status Event Register Bit 15 Bit 2 not used ENDP End Pulse set high every time a waveform END point is detected ENDB End Block set high every time an END of waveform burst is detected Instrument Status Event Enable Register Root Command Short Form Data Limits Level 1 Command Short Form Format Min Max Command Description Level 2 Command Short Form STATUS MINSTRUMENT INST CLEAR CLR Clears Instrument Status Register ENABLE ENBL 0 65535 Sets the Mask in the Instrument Status Event Register enables ENDP End Pulse and Bit 1 enables ENDB End Block ENABLE ENBL 0 65535 Returns the contents of the Instrument Status Event Enable Register EVENT EVNT 0 65535 Returns the contents of the Instrument Status Event Register BIT 0 ENDP End Pulse BIT 1 ENDB End Block Root Command Short Form Level 1 Command Short Form Qutput Commands AMPLITUDE AMPL lt ws gt lt peak to peak gt AMPLITUDE AMPL BURST lt ws gt lt burst gt BURST CLOCK_SEL CLKSEL lt ws gt lt state gt CLOCK_SEL CLKSEL FILTER lt ws gt lt state gt FILTER FREQUENCY FREQ FREQUENCY FREQ FUNCTION FUNC lt ws gt lt type gt wav seq tt FUNCTION FUNC MODE ws setting MODE OFFSET OFST lt ws gt lt level gt OFFSET OFST OUTPUT SWTCH OUTSW ws state Data Format NR NR2 N
116. trary waveforms are contained in the following sections of this manual See Section 6 for arbitrary waveforms 3 2 CONNECTIONS All waveforms are obtained from the OUTPUT BNC connector on the front panel A TTL sync pulse is available from the SYNC OUT connector on the front panel Proper operation of the Model 2414A can be verified by connecting an oscilloscope as shown in Figure 3 1 2414A OSCILLOSCOPE Z AXIS INPUT normally in the rear MOUSE for waveform edit Figure 3 1 Output and Sync Connectors 3 1 3 3 DEFAULT SETTINGS The Model 2414A automatically provides a continuous sine wave signal after the instrument is reset To reset the 2414A 1 Press the SHIFT key green LED will come on 2 Press RESET 9 key 3 Press CURR or ALL softkey CURR resets all the current settings to the values listed below ALL additionally resets all waveform and sequence programming and stored settings 4 Press OK softkey to reset or CANC softkey to cancel 5 Press SHIFT key again to restore normal key functions green LED will Out Reset Default Values Function Sine Mode Continuous Amplitude 5 000 Volts Offset 0 000 V Clock 10MHz Output Off GPIB Address 16 If Installed 3 4 HOW TO CHANGE DEFAULT PARAMETERS The following paragraphs explain how to select waveforms and modes and set different values for amplitude offset and frequency 341 Turning Output On Resetting turns the signal output off To turn
117. ulating waveform Modulation index can vary from 0 to 100 Generates a gaussian pulse with the specified exponent Where x varies between exponent Generates a haversine wave with the num ber of cycles specified The basic shape of this waveform is a sinewave shifted by 900 Generates linearly swept sinewave with the number of starting and ending cycles as specified Constant must be sent as a third parameter but will be ignored 10 31 10 32 Root Command Short Form Level 1 Command Short Form Waveform Edit Commands cont Standard STDW cont WAVEFORM WVFM LOGSWEEP LOGS ws starting of cycles ending of cycles constant NOISE PULSE lt ws gt lt of pulses delay risetime high time lt falltime gt invert SAWTOOTH SAW ws it of cycles duty cycle invert SINE lt ws gt lt of cycles lt Starting phase gt SCM lt ws gt lt of cycles starting carrier phase it of modulation cycles starting modulation phase SQUARE lt ws gt lt of cycles duty SINE X OVR X SXX lt ws gt lt of cycles TRIANGLE ws it of cycles LENGTH LEN Data Format NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NORM INVERT NR NR NORM INVERT NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR
118. view a function when using Dump Function Both the DO and OK commands above will cause the new waveform to write over any previous waveforms 6 7 6 3 8 Move The Move commands allow a section of a waveform as defined by the left and right anchors to be copied and pasted into another section of the same or another Waveform Number 1 Select the desired Waveform Number as in 6 3 2 Press either the left or right arrow key 3 Press MOVE softkey 4 Set left and right anchors to the waveform section to be copied 5 Press COPY softkey 6 Press LAST key 7 Set Waveform Number to receive pasted section 8 Press MOVE softkey 9 Set left and right anchors to the destination waveform section 10 Press PSTE softkey These steps may be omitted if copy and paste are within the same Waveform Number NOTE The pasted waveform will be truncated if the destination waveform section has fewer points than the original 6 4 POINT MODE With the point editing mode waveforms are created or modified a point at a time 1 Press EDIT key 2 Press PNTS softkey 3 Select Waveform Number using edit knob or keypad press ENTER after using keypad 6 4 1 Selecting Left and Right Anchor Points 1 Press ANCH softkey 2 Set left anchor X value using edit knob keypad or optional mouse press ENTER if keypad is used 3 Use double arrow key to move right anchor AR to right side of LCD Set right anchor X value using edit
119. wer ranges Set the switch to the 120V position for line mains voltages from 90 to 126 volts Set the switch to the 240V position for voltages from 198 to 252 volts 2 2 2 HI LO Switch The Switch see Figure 2 1 selects the fine power ranges Set the switch to the position for line mains voltages from 108 to 126 or from 216 to 252 volts Set the switch to the LO position for voltages from 90 to 105 or from 198 to 231 volts 2 2 3 Fuses A line mains fuse is located in the power cord connector module see Figure 2 1 Replacement fuses must be 5 x 20mm type GDC slow blow Use a 0 8A fuse for the nominal 120V range or a 0 4A fuse for the nominal 240V range CAUTION To provide proper instrument protection be sure the correct size fuse is installed 2 1 2 2 GPIB IEEE 488 2 1987 CAUTION To avoid electrical shock do not open this unit Inside entry by qualified personnel only This unit must be earth grounded LINE 48 63 Hz 45 40 W MAX FUSE HOLDER SWITCH LINE SWITCH Figure 2 1 Power Switch and Fuse Locations SECTION 3 QUICK START 3 1 INTRODUCTION This section explains how to connect the Model 2414A and how to quickly obtain standard waveforms Also included are instructions on how to set amplitude offset and frequency The six basic operational modes are explained More detailed operating procedures including construction of arbi
120. y block data as described in Section 10 4 5 10 21 Root Command Short Form b Level 1 Command Short Form Common Commands CLS ESE ws 8 bit mask GPIB only ESE GPIB only ESR IDN OPC GPIB only OPC RST SRE ws 8 bit mask GPIB only SRE GPIB only STB GPIB only TRG TST 10 22 Data Format NR NR1 NR1 NR NR1 NR1 Limits Min Max 0 255 0 255 0 255 0 255 0 255 0 255 Command Description Clears all event and status registers Will also clear output queue if it immediately follows a lt gt Sets the 8 bit mask in the ESE register Ref Section 10 4 3 Returns the contents of the ESE register Returns the contents of the ESR register Once read the ESR register is cleared The specific response to this query is Pragmatic Instruments Model 2414A 0 lt firmware level gt where lt firmware level gt is of the form Vx xx Sets the OPC bit bit 0 in the ESR register when all pending instrument operations are complete This query waits for all pending instrument operations to complete then places an ASCII 1 in the output queue Equivalent to the front panel RESET CURRent Key this returns the instrument to a factory default state See Section 10 6 Sets the 8 bit mask to enable disable bits in the STB register Ref Section 10 4 3 Returns the value of the SRE register Returns th

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