User`s Manual PF4 Filter Set & PF2S2 Filter
Contents
1. 11 C Multiple Foil Carrier Sets 12 D Shutter aaa gee deta NEEN EAR ER SN 12 V Maintenance and Service 13 A Maintenance assimilada mi 13 B SEFV CE E E 13 VI Construction and Parts List 14 Az Parts LISH az e sometent Ee ENEE as sassa aap ass aaa 14 B Assembly DIAVJIN G BEE 16 Models DEA A PF2S2 S N 9x 00nn Section l VVarranty and Registration Card LA Our Guarantee Policy Both PF4 filter sets and PF2S2 filter shutter sets are guaranteed against failure under normal operating conditions for 1 year from time of purchase Should one of these products fail it will be repaired or replaced in as expeditious a manner as possible to minimize disruption to its owner s experiments In such an event please call us immediately to arrange for free repair service Be sure to register your instrument I B Our Repair Service In line with XIA s goal of making your experimental life easier we also have a repair service which will attempt to repair at a reasonable cost any XIA instrument that fails whether it is in warranty or not The components of this service which can be selected as your needs require include 1 Timely re2. 104 016 sued Bulmojjoj out 910N Bumed Ajqulassy pdd T IA sjie q 8100159 BUIH O wGLOO gt H 900 0 XOJddy SJ9UJ09 A 1860 0 dA 5 0 OLOO 7 Buu O C00 0 CYTO 01070 000 6610 lt u16U97 ur7 ul 1 m z ES w o LA OW lu d SI o rir I i 55042 6112 ECO m s le1 q 210015 bull O 325 010 0 9700 ELBOLO sieq Buen Apog SoJLIDOSSY UOILIUSLUNAISUJ AL1 X UOUDOUE AM al welim Ag siie19Q Dunen Apog soeuns Guijees Buu o 000 0 070 0 077 0 A z 00070 1el e 100 0 MO 1140 SZ L 04 4000141 LO O 092 1 00 0 80 0 070 peddej ce 8 XY 01000 x TPV 2 9 00 DB9 INPUT PRESSURE LINE INPUT 3 95 16010 BAd Uorjejjejsul 8114 seleloossy UOILJUSLUNAISUJ ALJ X UOUDOUE AM al welim Ag 6mq UONBJJEISUJ tdd
3. A PF2S2 S N 9x 00nn somewhat more slowly Also longer screws will be required to accommodate foils thicker than about 1 mm Foil size nominal 1 x 1 25 mm x 25 mm Screws supplied 4 40 Fillister Head x 3 16 2 Removing Foil Carriers From Shafts a Remove the upper half of the instrument by removing the 4 socket head screws that attach it to the lower half These are M5 x 0 8 SS Socket Head screws 30 mm long so a 4 mm hex key or driver is required Position the head so the carriers are facing up as in the drawing above b Starting with the uppermost carrier draw it out to the fully extended position by hand and slide the assembly bar over the shaft between the lock nut and the upper half body as shown The assembly bar will now hold the foil carrier in an extended position while you work on it c Supporting the foil carrier with one hand use a pair of fine needle nose pliers to remove the clip washer from the clip nut to free the foil carrier Remove the foil carrier from the clip nut d By hand pull on the clip nut to release pressure on the assembly bar Remove the assembly bar and return the shaft to its retracted position e Repeat this operation for each of the remaining three foil carriers to remove it from its shaft 3 Installing the Foils Remove the foil clamp from the carrier by loosening the 4 screws Place the foil so it completely covers the hole in the foil carrier Replace the foil clamp and screws Be ce
4. maximum attenuation is N M log A If the foils are then arranged in thickness ratios 1 2 4 8 16 etc which uses the least number of carriers to generate any intermediate thickness then the number of required carriers C can be found from C log N log 2 1 Of course C has to be an integer so a little juggling of M and A will be required Once A is known then the foil thickness can be computed given the foil material and the x ray beam energy Inversely on can start with a given value of C e g 4 and work back to either A or M Thus for example if C 4 M 6 is desired then N will be 25 16 which will require an A value of A 10 MIN 0 42 All of these calculations will have to be further adjusted depending upon the availability of arbitrary foil thicknesses 10 Models DEA A PF2S2 S N 9x 00nn IV C Multiple Foil Carrier Sets Because the choice filters will clearly vary both with experiment and with x ray beam energy the typical laboratory may require several sets of filter foils to accommodate its typical experiments Constant shuffling of foils in and out of a single set of carriers rapidly becomes tedious and carries an ongoing risk of error in mounting the correct sequence of foils of of foil damage We recommend instead that multiple sets of foil carriers be purchased and loaded with the most common foils These need only be calibrated once and then are easily mounted and dismounted as required IV D Shutte
5. then close Further by adjusting the time between the opening of one blade and the closing of the other it is possible to obtain exposures which are shorter than the motion time of either blade Attainable exposure times vary with the mass of the blades and pneumatic supply pressure but times less than 0 1 sec are not difficult to produce Either instrument can be retrofitted as the other I B Technical Specifications Physical Size 100 mm in line 62 mm wide 200 mm high Through beam size 20 mm H by 20 mm W for PF4 8 mm H by 20 mm W for PF252 Foil size 1 25 mm square up to 3 mm thick Pneumatic connection Accepts 6 mm or 1 4 diameter polyethylene polyurethane or similar Pneumatic medium Compressed air or non reactive gas 5 mm filtered unlubricated Required pressure 50 to 100 psi 3 5 to 7 0 bar Electrical Connection Subminiature 9 pin D Plug male AMP 745203 accepts connections via 9 pin D Receptacle female AMP 745201 ITT DE111813 DuPont 66168 009 Cinch 008 04108 9 ref TE 9STS or other equivalent Electrical Supply 24 V DC 410 15 0 55 W per activated valve LC Applications 1 The Model PF4 was originally designed to match single photon counting detectors to synchrotron radiation experiments where the detected x ray intensity varied over several orders of magnitude The experiment is optimized for acceptable counting rates with the 4 Models DEA A PF2S2 S N 9x 00nn weakest signals and then
6. Models DEA A PF2S2 S N 9x 00nn User s Manual PF4 Filter Set amp PF2S2 Filter Shutter Set S N 9x 00nn XIA X ray Instrumentation Associates 1300 Mills Street Menlo Park CA 94025 3210 415 325 5779 September 21 1990 XNA AS INSTRUMENTATION ASSOCIATES Models DEA A PF2S2 S N 9x 00nn Contents I Warranty and Registration Card 3 Az Our guarantee policy 3 B Our repair service 3 C Varraniy Gard a us ua k aa sa as shto edd sota escena ez 3 II General Product Description 4 A Description 4 B Technical Specifications 4 Ci Appilcatlons eo nena ave as A u ba 5 III Installation 6 A Mechanical Installation 6 B Electrical Connections 6 C Pneumatic Connection 7 D Installing Filters or Shutters 7 IV Operation A Normal Filter Set Operation 11 B Selecting Filter Parameters
7. ced Be sure to pack the O ring with Parker O Lube or equivalent grease before replacing it Also a few drops of LockTite should be applied to the cylinder thread before it is reinstalled Be careful not to tighten the cylinder too much as this will cause the shaft to bind The best procedure is to tighten it until jamming does occur and then back off until the shaft moves freely 3 Replacing the Clip Nut and Lock Nut In order to assure that the O ring always rides on a smooth section of the shaft the lock nut must be positioned so that the shaft is prevented from fully retracting by about 0 5 mm In the case of the clip nuts used with the foil carriers this condition is guaranteed by making sure the shaft end is flush with the end of the clip nut and then tightening the lock nut In the case of the longer clip nuts used with the shutters the lock nut should be screwed up on the shaft until it just touched the base of its cavity and then rotated exactly one more turn the thread is 0 5 mm pitch and the clip nut tightened against it Take care in this process not to use tools or techniques which might damage the shaft surface as this is the sealing surface with the O ring 12 Models PF4 amp PF2S2 Section VI S N 9x 00nn Construction and Parts List The following list gives all the parts of the PF4 and PF2S2 instruments showing their XIA part number their name and description and material of fabrication Their locations on the ins
8. e Qwik connect fitting rotates about its connection to the valve block and may be positioned at any convenient angle The pressurized gas supply can be air or any non reactive gas It must be non lubricated and for longest cylinder life be filtered through a 5 um filter Bottled gas can be used Pressures between 50 and 100 psi 3 5 to 7 0 Pa are appropriate If the pressure is too low the cylinders will not move reliably particularly after a period of disuse You should check your pressure setting by installing the foils you will actually use and activating the valves to and observing whether the carriers operate smoothly III D Installing Filters or Shutters Due to the close distances between the foil carriers the most convenient way to install foils or shutter blades is to first remove all the carriers from their cylinder shafts load the foils into the carriers and then reinstall the carriers on the shafts This process is described in detail below referring to the following figure Foil Carrier Assembly Drawing Clip Washer Foil Carrier Foil Clamp Screw 4 1 Filter Foils Filter foils can be made of any convenient material Foil thickness is primarily limited by the requirement that neighboring foil carrier assemblies do not interfere Very thick foils will act as beam stoppers of course and this is one of the modes in which the PF4 is useful Because of their greater mass thicker foils will actuate 7 Models DEA
9. his position without passing any additional x rays 11 Models DEA A PF2S2 S N 9x 00nn Section V Maintenance and Service V A Maintenance The only normal maintenance vvhich is required beyond Reeping the instrument clean is to grease the shafts of the pneumatic cylinders from time to time to maintain lubrication of their O ring seals This is most easily done during foil changes when the shafts are readily accessible Any light vacuum compatible O ring grease may be used for this purpose Original assembly was with Parker O Lube Simply pull out a shaft smear a very light coating of grease onto it and exercise it a few times to distribute the grease onto the O ring V B Service All parts may be readily replaced if they fail after extended service Replacement parts may be obtained either from XIA from Festo in the case of pneumatic parts or locally in the case of O rings or screws Specific parts are discussed below 1 Valves Replacing valves is straightforward The only trick to removing them is to squeeze the tops of the electrical connectors to release them from the body of the valves If the valve block hold down screws are removed the socket bracket can be slid from one side to the other to facilitate access to these connectors 2 O rings or Cylinders Access to the O rings is obtained by removing the clip nut and lock nut from the shaft and then unscrewing the cylinder Either the O ring or cylinder may then be repla
10. is capability are now readily available commercially A point to remember in choosing or designing control circuitry is that the valves are inductors and the control electronics should be protected by bypass diodes against the voltage surges which will arise when the valves are switched off Wiring to the PF4 s 9 pin D connector is shown below Each valve has an LED indicator to show when it is energized so it is important to observe the indicated polarity The valves are numbered sequentially with Valve 1 closest to the D connector This is also shown in the assembly drawing Sect VI C 9 Pin D Connector Pinning Chart lil C Pneumatic Connection Connecting the pneumatic gas supply to the PF4 is very easily done via the supplied push pull Qvvik connect fitting This fitting accepts either 6 0 mm or 1 4 high pressure plastic 6 Models DEA A PF2S2 S N 9x 00nn gas line tubing Polyethylene polyurethane or similar tubing materials are acceptable Simply insert the gas supply line into the fitting until it bottoms and then pull up the red Qwik connect sleeve to lock the gas line in place A point to remember in this procedure is that there is an O ring seal in the bottom of the Qwik connect that will produce resistance as you insert the gas line Be sure the gas line is inserted completely through the O ring to the bottom of the fitting If the connection fails to seal properly and leaks this is the most likely cause Also notice that th
11. ling filters or shutters in the filter carrier assemblies These topics are treated in further detail below Except for explicit differences relating to shutter blade installation which are treated in Sect III D all references to the PF4 apply to the PF2S2 as well IL A Mechanical Installation The PF4 is designed to be supported by an optical rail and make vacuum tight connections with its neighboring beampath components To this end it has an O ring socket on one end and an O ring plug on the other Both are sized to be compatible with the Blake Industries line of beampath components Their dimensions are shown on the drawing in Section VI C if it is desirable to mate them to locally produced parts The PF4 can either be attached to it supporting optical rail or left simply supported against gravity and held in line by its neighboring components as may be desirable Attachments can be made either by clamping or bolting it in place Because potential mounting arrangements vary so widely no bolt holes have been provided The body of the PF4 is aluminum and such holes are easily added although the obvious precautions against drilling into the vacuum path should be taken III B Electrical Connections Each valve requires 24 V DC 10 15 at 0 5 W approximately 20 mA to operate These control signals may be supplied by manual switches CAMAC modules or electronically using any of a variety of driver devices Quad driver packages with th
12. pairs Our goal is to complete normal repairs in 2 working days or less 2 Complete testing and checkout before return to assure that the repaired instrument will continue to perform reliably 3 Loaners to keep your experiment running if we expect a delay in obtaining necessary replacement parts 4 Expedited handling by 2nd day overnight or even same day rush delivery to get you going again in critical situations LC Warranty Card In order to register your instrument for our guarantee policy please fill out and return the warranty card at the bottom of the Warranty Information sheet Models DEA A PF2S2 S N 9x 00nn Section 11 General Product Description LA Description The Model PF4 is an instrument for reproducibly attenuating an x ray beam under remote control by the insertion of four filter foils t is physically compatible with Blake Industries line of beampath components and can be operated either evacuated or He filled if desired The foils are moved by miniature pneumatic cylinders which are controlled by electrically actuated valves O rings provide vacuum seals on the cylinder shafts as they pass through the instrument wall As a result of careful design the entire instrument is very compact In the Model PF2S2 two of the filters are replaced by thicker absorber blades to create a focal plane shutter This design allows for a much more uniform spatial exposure than is possible with single bladed shutters which open and
13. r Operation The design of the focal plane shutters is based on the following analysis Because the shutter blade is driven by a pneumatic cylinder it accelerates in a non linear manner and therefore has a nonuniform velocity profile which is difficult to characterize In the present design however both blades their carriers and mounting hardware have all been made as identical as possible Therefore to the extent that the cylinders are also identical the velocity profiles of the two blades will also be identical whatever they are As a result if both blades start at the same position in space set by the centerline of the carrier then if blade 1 is triggered at time O and blade 2 is triggered at time At later both blades will continue to pass all subsequent positions in space still separated by the same interval At As a result the exposure at all locations is a constant At The design of a program to control the shutters is therefore quite simple The algorithm is as follows 1 Energize blade 1 which is initially blocking the x ray beam 2 Energize blade 2 which blocks the beam again the desired exposure time At later 3 Pause long enough for both blades to finish moving 4 Deenergize blade 1 and wait for it to return to its initial position Both blades are now blocking the beam 5 Deenergize blade 2 and wait for it to return to its initial position The shutter is now ready for another exposure and has been moved into t
14. rtain the foil is still completely covering the hole and tighten the screws 4 Replacing the Foil Carriers Reverse the steps in Section 2 above starting with the lowest foil carrier That is pull out the shaft and catch it with the assembly bar Slide the foil carrier onto its guide rods and onto the clip nut Replace the clip washer and remove the assembly bar to allow the foil carrier to retract Test that the carrier operates smoothly After all the carriers have been reinstalled replace the upper half assembly into the lower half assembly and reattach it with the 4 screws 1 Installation Procedure The general procedure for installing shutter blades is the same as for installing filter foils with the following two exceptions a No foil clamp is used The shutter blade is attached directly to the foil carrier by two 4 40 screws b Two shutter blades are installed one per foil carrier in complementary positions as described below 2 Shutter Blade Design The shutter blades normally provided are made of 1 8 3 2 mm stainless steel which gives an absorption factor of over 1012 at x ray energies up to 25 keV Replacement blades in other materials or thicknesses can be readily made according to the drawing below Models DEA A PF2S2 S N 9x 00nn 2X 31 Hole 3 05 mm 0 13 66 020 1 1 15 75 mm 0 13 38 00 mm 0 13 41025 a B 3 Positioning the Shutter Blades Each shutter blade
15. should be positioned so that its edge exactly bisects the opening in the foil carrier as shown in the figure below The foil carrier openings are 21 0 mm high so the unblocked openings should be 10 5 mm high If the blades have been properly made this is where they should fall within the limits of the hole clearances but it is always wise to check Notice that it is unimportant which carrier has the upper blade and which the lower except insofar as it is important for the operator to know which is which in order to correctly program the shutter s operation Models DEA A PF2S2 S N 9x 00nn Section IV Operation IV A Normal Filter Set Operation From an operational point of view the PF4 is a very straightforward device when a valve is activated a filter drops into the x ray beam The attenuation of multiple filters is simply the product of their individual attenuations It is worth emphasizing that the absorptivity of a particular filter is an energy dependent function In particular if the x ray beam is polychromatic or has harmonics of some fundamental energy as is often the case in synchrotron research each energy will be absorbed differently This means that the potential exists to change the harmonic content of the beam as a function of attenuation and if this could be important it should be carefully considered IV B Selecting Filter Parameters The choice of filters may vary widely with application There are two basic questions
16. the attenuators are inserted to maintain detector linearity in the presence of strong signals Examples include surface reflection studies Huang scattering near diffraction peaks samples with both normal and forbidden peaks etc With a proper choice of foil thicknesses and computer actuation of the PF4 valves these experiments can be completely automated 2 With either manual or computer controls the PF4 also offers a convenient way to match sample scattering strength to the detector s linear range even for samples whose scattering intensity does not vary widely This creates a very simple way to tune the spectrometer to the sample in a standardized and reliable manner 3 With a properly graded series of filters the PF4 also provides a simple way to adjust x ray exposure in those experiments requiring a particular x ray dose e g topographic photographs This capability is further enhanced in the Model PF2S2 which allows x ray exposures to be timed as well 4 For radiation sensitive samples using the PF4 with a heavy absorber replacing one of foils is a convenient way to implement a beam stopper to minimize sample damage by restricting exposure to only those times when data is actually being collected Models DEA A PF2S2 S N 9x 00nn Section Ill Installation Installation consists of the following four steps mechanically installing the body of the instrument making electrical connections making pneumatic connection and instal
17. to be answered 1 what material should be used and 2 in what thickness The answers to these questions will also depend upon whether one foil carrier will be employed as a stopper since this reduces the number of available foil carriers Multiple PF4 s or a PF4 and a PF2S2 can obviously be used in conjunction when necessary 1 Choice of material The first criterion in material choice is that its absorption be such that the thinnest foil is not too thin to handle and the thickest foil is not too thick to fit on the foil carriers Thus is is not typically appropriate to use Al filters at 50 keV nor W filters at 4 keV Secondly it is also important to use materials which can be obtained in uniform accurate thicknesses so that each foil will have a uniform spatial response Third cheap strong materials are obviously preferable to fragile expensive one Beyond these fairly obvious criteria lie opportunities to be clever For example if the x ray beam has an undesirably strong 2nd harmonic content it may be possible to choose a filter material whose K edge lies just below the harmonic differentially attenuating it 2 Foil thickness The answer to this question depends upon both what attenuation step is desired and what maximum attenuation may be required Thus if a foil should reduce the x ray beam intensity to A of its former value 0 lt A lt 1 and a maximum attenuation of 10M is required then the number N of foils which will produce this
18. trument may be found by reference to the assembly drawings in Sections 11 for the foil carriers or VI B below for the overall instrument Parts are grouped by functional subassembly VIA Parts List XIA Part Name VI A 1 Lower Half Parts PFLH 01 PFLH 02 PFLH 03 PFLH 04 PFUH 01 PFUH 02 PFUH 03 PFUH 04 PFUH 05 Lovver half body O ring joint seal O ring flange seal Screw flange seal Upper half body Guide Rod Clamp O ring O ring Actuator seal Screw valve mounting VI A 3 Electrical connector PFEC 01 PFEC 02 PFEC 03 Plug bracket Plug Plug mounting hardware VI A 4 Foil Carrier amp Shutter Parts PFFC 01 PFFC 02 PFFC 03 PFFC 04 PFFC 05 PFFC 06 PFFC 07 PFFC 08 PFFC 09 Foil carrier Foil clamp Screw clamp to carrier Foil clip nut Shutter clip nut Lock nut Clip washer Shutter Blade Screw blade to carrier 13 Specification Black anodized aluminum Buna N 135 3 32 VV 1 15 16 ID Buna N 038 1 16 VV 2 5 8 ID M5 x 0 8 30mm SS Socket Hd Black anodized aluminum Stainless Steel Nylon Washer Buna N 006 1 16 VV 1 8 ID M3 x 0 5 SS Screw Fillister Hd 20 mm long Black anodized aluminum AMP IDC Connector 745203 2 AMP hardware kit 205817 1 Aluminum Aluminum 4 40 SS Screw Fillister Hd 3 16 long Stainless steel Stainless steel SS M3 X 0 5 nut Truarc 5133 18 Stainless steel 4 40 SS Screw Fillister Hd 1 4 long Models PF4 amp PF2S2 VI A 5 Pne
19. umatic Parts PFPP 01 PFPP 02 PFPP 03 PFPP 04 PFPP 05 PFPP 06 PFPP 07 Pneumatic actuator cylinder Manifold base for valve Pneumatic Valve Hose barb Kwik Connect Hole Plug 3 mm Blue Connecting Tube VI B Assembly Drawing See following 2 pages 14 S N 9x 00nn FESTO Part Name EG 6 25 PK 3 Part 15875 FESTO Part Name PRMZ 3 M3 4 Part 30226 FESTO Part Name MZH 3 0 4 LED Part 30217 FESTO Part Name CH M3 PK3 Part 15872 FESTO Part Name LCS M5 PK 4 Part 13688 FESTO Part Name BM5 Part 3843 FESTO Tubing Name PU 3 Tubing Part 5732 00 130 LO HNdd Z0dddd b GO dd id 0 ddad 10 dd4d3 L0 914d ve c L 20 0330 17 01070 00070 an00159 Buu O wc00 0 CHTO OLO O 7 18600 12660 10070 KO SITZ 16561 d 401995 S SHEd 944d 01070 LEE U16U97 sunq uj JEUILUON LEGE 01070 0900 01070 LOY Z c s bull O 104 100010 9212 0 0 Obro 4 00070 e 0 doa Or o p ddel Z 8 X v X DNA suoisuaullq Hed Buren 18 LO dddd 046 po ddiid u Ml q s qn Suno uuo 0 dddd S S0 dddd W01 pu 194 0 sy UO Z0 dddd Ul Si U9IyM 0010 lou 90 dddd h PO HN id GUU O AOQE yeys 1 126 sul UO SopU YOIUM dwe SSEJQ 0 HNdd Sbuu O IIV Z SM8J9S8 V UAOUS
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