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SpeakJet

1. 15 Phrase Pointer Address Address 16 236 Phrase Storage Area Address 237 Power up Reset Phrase Bit 7 Play 0 Silence 1 Bit 6 always 1 Bit 5 always 1 Bit 4 always 1 Bit 3 Address Pointer to call Power up Reset Phrase Bit3 Bit 2 Address Pointer to call Power up Reset Phrase Bit2 Bit 1 Address Pointer to call Power up Reset Phrase Bit1 Bit O Address Pointer to call Power up Reset Phrase BitO Address 238 PortCTL AutoSilence RC TTL Mode Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 RCO E6 1 TTL 0 RC input Bit 4 RC1 E7 1 TTL 0 RC input Bit 3 Auto Silence 1 AutoSilence 0 Continuous Bit 2 D2 Buffer Half Full 1 Chip 0 Phrase Control Bit 1 D1 Speaking 1 Chip 0 Phrase Control Bit 0 DO Readv 1 Chip 0 Phrase Control 11 Address 239 SCP Node PortControl Bit 7 always 1 Bit 6 SCP Node Bit 2 Bit 5 SCP Node Bit 1 Bit 4 SCP Node Bit 0 Bit 3 always 1 Bit 2 D2 Buffer Half Full 1 0n 0 off Bit 1 D1 Speaking 1 on 0 off Bit 0 DO Readv 1 on 0 off Address 240 242 244 246 248 250 252 and 254 Event inputs E0 E7 Low to High Transitions Bit 7 1 Play Phrase with event 0 No Event Phrase Bit 6 1 Do not Clear buffer 0 clear buffer before Phrase Bit 5 1 Call Phrase 0 Do not call phrase Bit 4 1 Normal 0 Restart from Start on event Bit 3 Event Phrase Pointer to call Phrase Bit3 Bit 2 Event Phrase Pointer to call Phrase Bit2 Bit 1 Event Phrase Pointer to call Phrase Bit1 Bit O Event Phras
2. Exiting the SCP The Exit Command X drops out of SCP Mode Example To Exit SCP Send X SpeakJet s Subset of the SCP Commands The following table lists the SCP commands Begin The Escape character is the first character of a two character Escape Sequence Escape Sequence The Escape character is followed with a single digit which represents the Serial Node of the SpeakJet to communicate with SCP Mode is entered when the received Serial Node is either 0 or matches the SpeakJet s Node value If the received Serial Node is not 0 and does not match the SpeakJet s Node value then SCP Mode is turned off 0t09 Numbers As digits are received they are stored into the SCP s input buffer AtoF H Store Stores a value into the 8 Bit Memorv Tvpe control register Memorv Tvpe J Store Stores a value into the 8 Bit Memorv Address control register Memorv Address N Store Stores value into the Memorv specifies bv the control registers Memorv R Clear Clears the contents of the SpeakJet s 64 byte Input Buffer and the SCP s 16 byte Input Buffer Buffer S Stop Sets the SpeakJet s Wait flag to 1 which will cause the MSA module to ignore any data currently in Enunciating the SpeakJet s 64 byte input buffer T Start Enunciating Sets the SpeakJet s Wait flag to 0 which will cause the MSA module to enunciate any data currently in the SpeakJet s 64 byte input buffer V Acknowledge Hard Reset Causes the Sp
3. VOut DO Ready D1 Speaking D2 Buffer Half Full Dnefyeads q V MO M1 P Rst 7 RCX General Description The SpeakJet is a completely self contained single chip voice and complex sound synthesizer SpeakJet uses Mathematical Sound Architecture MSA technology which controls an internal five channel sound synthesizer to generate on the fly unlimited vocabulary speech synthesis and complex sounds without the use of analog or digitally recorded samples The SpeakJet has a built in library of 72 speech elements allophones 43 sound effects and 12 DTMF Touch Tones Through the selection of these MSA components and in combination with the control of the pitch rate bend and volume parameters the user has the ability to produce unlimited phrases and sound effects with thousands of variations at any time The SpeakJet can be controlled simultaneously by logic changes on any one of its eight Event Input lines and or by a Serial Data line from a CPU such as the OOPic Basic Stamp or PC allowing for both CPU Controlled and Stand Alone operations Other features include an internal 64 byte input buffer Internal Programmable EEPROM three programmable outputs and direct user access to the internal five channel sound synthesizer More information can be found at www SpeakJet com speak si r Natural Speech amp Complex Sound Synthesizer User s Manual September 17 2004 Copyright 2004 Magnevation L
4. 18 VOut Voice Output may change as testing is completed Table A SpeakJet Pin Functional Explanation EO E7 Event Input 0 7 Event Inputs provide a way to execute phrases sound effects or control functions that have been pre programmed into the EEPROM Each Event Input can be configured to activate on a Low to High going transition and or a High to Low going transition This can be combined to allow two Events with one Event Input This feature is controlled by a configuration setting in the EEPROM The Event Inputs are logical inputs that require a High or Low logic level and two of the Event Inputs can be configured as RC inputs Any Event Input that is not used must be connected to GND RCO RC1 Event Input 6 7 RC inputs provide a way to trigger an Event Inputs using a variable width pulse from a model RC receiver This allows the SpeakJet to be controlled by a remote link to execute up to four phrases sound effects or control functions This feature is controlled by a configuration setting in the EEPROM RCX Serial Input Serial Input provides the means for external devices to communicate with the SpeakJet This is a logical input that requires a High or Low voltage level Ifthe Serial Input line is not used it must be connected to GND IMPORTANT NOTE This is not RS 232 signal level voltages See section on RS 232 for more details Rst Master Reset The Master Reset provides a way to reset the Spea
5. TU Front Initial TS Parts amp Costs TS K Can t amp Clown KE Front Initial K Comb amp Quick KO Back Initial K Speak amp Task EK Front K Book amp Took OK Back P People amp Carpet PE Front P Pod amp Paw PO Back e Affricate JH Dodge amp Jet JH CH Church amp Feature CH Front Usually sounds best when associated with a front or center vowel Back Usually sounds best when associated with a center or back vowel Initial Usuallv sounds best when used in the initial position of word MSA Command Set SpeakJet Use Pause 0 Pause 1 Pause 2 Pause 3 Pause 4 Pause 5 Pause 6 Play Next Sound Fast Play Next Sound Slow Play Next Sound High Tone Play Next Sound Low Tone Wait Volume X Speed X Pitch X Bend X PortCtr X Port X Repeat X Call Phrase X Goto Phrase X Delay X Reset Defaults End of Phrase Table D Control Codes Details 0 6 Pauses Pauses of various durations these will cause the volume to ramp down wait a specified amount of time and the ramp back up 1 2 amp 3 ramp the volume while the format frequencies are being changed 4 5 amp 6 wait for silence before changing the format frequencies 0 0ms 1 100ms 2 200ms 3 700ms 4 30ms 5 60ms 6 90ms 7 Fast Plays the next phoneme at 1 2 the time it normally would play 8 Slow P
6. fa S VOLTS Serial Flow Control 50k Pot 27k 27K lt Serial TTL Data a p Minimum Connection for Serial Control Audio out Amp Figure 1 SpeakJet Typical connections General Operation The SpeakJet is an advanced CMOS LSI device that incorporates six basic internal modules Figure 2 e 5 Channel Synthesizer For generating both voice and sound effects e Mathematical Sound Architecture MSA engine and Sound Component Database that controls the 5 Channel Synthesizer e Chip control I O which consists of 1Serial Input 8 Event Inputs 3 Data Outputs and 2 Mode Select inputs and Reset e 64 Byte Input Buffer e User EEPROM A Serial Control Protocol SCP which supervises the incoming serial commands When powered on the SpeakJet will first read the Mode Select line MO to determine if the SpeakJet is to operate in Demonstration Mode Once the Initial Mode is set note that this only occurs at power up or reset the input buffer is cleared the status lines are set DO Ready is brought high and the SpeakJet begins operating During operation the Serial Port waits for incoming command data which specifies which sounds and effects the MSA is to direct the 5 channel synthesizer to produce The commands sent to the SpeakJet can be any of 256 commands See Table D amp E There are 7 operational groups of commands SCP Allophones Sound Effects DTMF Pauses Levels and Controls Each op
7. or any other computer system equipped with a serial port Stand Alone Eight Event Inputs for execution of up to sixteen phrases sound effects or control functions with or without a microcontroller RC Input Two Servo Pulse Inputs for execution of up to four phrases sound effects or control functions via wireless model Airplane or Car Radio Control receivers SpeakJet Pin Details Electrical Specifications Supply voltage 2 0 to 5 5 VDC Supply Current Idle lt 5ma Plus loads Speaking lt 5ma Plus loads Sink Source Current Outputs 25ma All Inputs levels High Supply Low GND EEPROM Max Write cycles Typical 1 000 000 times Mechanical Specification Thermal storage 60 to 140 Degrees C Thermal operating 18 to 60 Degrees C The thermal specifications are preliminary and Pin f Description Functional Details 1 RC1 E7 Event Input 7 2 RCO E6 Event Input 6 3 E5 Event Input 5 4 E4 Event Input 4 5 Gnd Ground 6 E3 Event Input 3 7 E2 Event Input 2 8 E1 Event Input 1 9 EO Event Input 0 10 RCX Serial Input TTL 0 0v to Vcc 11 Rst Master Reset 12 M1 Mode Select 1 Baud Configure 13 MO Mode Select 0 Demo Mode 14 V Power input 2 0 to 5 5 volts DC 15 D2 Buffer Half Full Data Out 2 External Buffer Half Full Internal 16 D1 Speaking Data Out 1 External Speaking Internal 17 DO Readv Data Out 0 External Ready Internal
8. Alarm 145 LE Lake Alarm Lapel 70 Voiced Resonate 217 A7 600 Alarm 146 LO Clock Plus Hello 70 Voiced Resonate 218 A8 300 Alarm 147 WW Wool Sweat 70 Voiced Resonate 219 AQ 250 Alarm 148 RR Ray Brain Over 70 Voiced Resonate 220 BO 200 Beeps 149 IYRR Clear Hear Year 200 Voiced R Color Vowel 221 B1 270 Beeps 150 EYRR Hair Stair Repair 200 Voiced R Color Vowel 222 B2 280 Beeps 151 AXRR Fir Bird Burn 190 Voiced R Color Vowel 223 B3 260 Beeps 152 AWRR Part Farm Yarn 200 Voiced R Color Vowel 224 B4 300 Beeps 153 OWRR Corn Four Your 185 Voiced R Color Vowel 225 B5 100 Beeps 154 EYIY Gate Ate Ray 165 Voiced Diphthong 226 B6 104 Beeps 155 OHIY Mice Fight White 200 Voiced Diphthong 227 B7 100 Beeps 156 OWIY Boy Toy Voice 225 Voiced Diphthong 228 B8 270 Beeps 157 OHIH Sky Five 185 Voiced Diphthong 229 B9 262 Beeps 158 IYEH Yes Yarn Million 170 Voiced Diphthong 230 co 160 Biological 159 EHLL Saddle Angle Spell 140 Voiced Diphthong 231 C1 300 Biological 160 IYUW Cute Few 180 Voiced Diphthong 232 C2 182 Biological 161 AXUW Brown Clown Thousand 170 Voiced Diphthong 233 C3 120 Biological 162 IHWW Two New Zoo 170 Voiced Diphthong 234 C4 175 Biological 163 AYWW Our Ouch Owl 200 Voiced Diphthong 235 c5 350 Biological 164 OWWW Go Hello Snow 131 Voiced Diphthong 236 C6 160 Biological 165 JH Dodge Jet Savage 70 Voiced Affricate 237 C7 260 Biological 166 VV Vest Even 70 Voiced Fictive 238 C8 95 Biological 167 ZZ Zoo Zap 70 Voiced Fi
9. distortion control value which affects oscillators 4 and 5 This register can accept a value from 0 to 255 When set to 0 the oscillator s frequencies are pure and as the value increases to 255 the frequency becomes more disordered with white noise Register 7 is the master volume This register can accept a value from 0 to 127 When set to 0 the output volume is off and as the value increases to 127 the volume is increased Register 8 is the Envelope Control This register can accept a value from 0 to 255 The individual bits of this register are used to control different aspects of the Envelope The first two bits are used to select the type of Envelope 00 Saw Wave 01 Sine Wave 10 Triangle Wave 11 Square Wave The 3rd 4th 5th and 6th bits are not used The 7th bit is used to select if Oscillators 1 2 and 3 are enveloped 0 Not Enveloped 1 Enveloped The 8th bit is used to select if Oscillators 4 amp 5 are half enveloped 0 Not Enveloped 1 Enveloped Not Enveloped All bits are sent in a single value Example To turn off the envelopes 8JON Registers 9 and 10 are not used Registers 11 through 15 are volume registers These registers can accept a value from 0 to 31 and will cause the corresponding oscillator to produce its current frequency at the specified volume See Table B for details SCP Address 0 SCP Address 1 Oscillator Freq SCP Address 3 SCP Address 4 SCP Address 5 SCP
10. in and out of serial control mode Send 0 The SpeakJet is now in Serial Control Mode Send X The SpeakJet is now out of serial control mode The SpeakJet s SCP Node Number is set in EEPROM It can be any number from 0 to 7 When set to any number other than 0 the SCP Module can be activated by either of the two Escape Sequences Escape 0 or Escape Node Note that the SCP Module will always respond to 0 regardless of what the serial network Node has been set to This allows up to 7 SpeakJet s to share a connection to a single serial port When multiple SpeakJets are sharing a single serial port the Escape Sequence Escape 0 will activate all of them while Escape Node will only activate the ones that are set for that Node When a SpeakJet s SCP Module has been activated access to its Registers and program EEPROM are achieved via a set of commands which are used to specify the address and type of the memory to read and write A single uppercase ALPHA character is used to initiate each of the commands Most of the commands can be issued in any order For example the Acknowledge command V can be issued at any time to verify a valid connection with SCP and the Exit command X can be issued at any time to exit SCP Example To place the SpeakJet in serial control mode issue some commands and exit serial control mode Send 0 Send V SpeakJet enunciates Ready Send X The SpeakJet is now out of seri
11. sets the frequency Bend A value will need to be sent after the Bend command that specifies the desired Bend The frequency Bend adjusts the output frequencies of the oscillators This will change the voicing from a deep hollow sounding voice to a High metallic sounding voice Bends can range from 0 to 15 The default is 5 24 PortCtr X This command sets the Port Control Value A value will need to be sent after the PortCtr command that specifies the desired function of the output lines The Output line control bits are binaurally encoded where a 1 indicates that the output function is chip controlled and a 0 indicates that the output function is user controlled Bit 0 corresponds to OUTO etc PortCtr values can range from 0 to 7 The default is 7 25 Port X This command sets the Port Output Value A value will need to be sent after the Port command that specifies the desired state of the output lines When the Output line control bits are set to 0 the corresponding port bit is represented on the output line Bit 0 corresponds to OUTO etc Port values can range from 0 to 7 The default is 0 26 Repeat X This command sets a number of times to Repeat the next code A value will need to be sent after the Repeat command that specifies the number of times to repeat the next command The Repeat range is from 0 to 255 28 Call Phrase X This command specifies which EEPROM phrase to play then to return from This can be nested 3 de
12. the next allophone which may not produce the desired flow of sounds You may want to add a short pause between words and a long pause between clauses Stress can be accomplished in two ways One is to cause vowels to play for a longer period of time For example in the word extent use the Fast command in front of the EH in the first syllable which is unstressed and a SLOW command or and additional EH in front of the EH in the second syllable which is stressed A second way is to preceded the allophone with the STRESS and RELAX commands The STRESS command duplicates the affect of slightly contracting the muscles of the mouth and the relax command duplicates the affects of slightly relaxing the muscles of the mouth For example STRESS IH sounds more like but not quite the IY sound Likewise RELAX IY sounds more like but not quite an IH sound Note that if you elect to use the STRESS or RELAX command in combination with a phoneme that has been doubled then two command will be needed one in front of each of the phonemes Remember that you must always think about how a word sounds not how it is spelled For example The N sound in Link is actually the NGE sound and the ending sounds in the words letter and little use the diphthongs AXRR and EHEL Some sounds may not even be represented in words by any letters as the IVUW in computer You will want to experiment with all the possibl
13. 8J Set address for Envelope Control Send ON Set Envelope Control to 0 Send 11J Set address for Oscillator 1 Volume Send 16N Set Oscillator 1 Volume to 16 Send 1J Set address for Oscillator 1 Frequency Send 500N Set Frequency of Oscillator 1 to 500 Hz Send 1500N Set Frequency of Oscillator 1 to 1500 Hz Send 2500N Set Frequency of Oscillator 1 to 2500 Hz A full list of Item Addresses can be found in the 5 Channel Oscillator Diagram see Figure 3 Accessing Internal EEPROM Memory The SpeakJet has a 256 byte Internal EEPROM that is used for Phrase storage and configuration To write to the Internal EEPROM the Memory Type 32 and the desired Memory Address is specified followed by the values of the memory to write which are specified in 2 character per digit Hexadecimal followed by the Store Memory command N Example To write the hex 01 to the first location of the Internal EEPROM Send 0 Send 0J Send 32H Send 01N Note It is critical that the values to be written are properly formatted in 2 character per digit Hexadecimal Not doing so will cause erroneous data to be written A full memory map of the SpeakJet s Internal EEPROM can be found in the SpeakJet s Internal EEPROM Diagram see Figure 4 Resetting the SpeakJet The Hard Reset Command W drops out of SCP Mode and then resets the SpeakJet as if the reset line was cycled Example To reset the SpeakJet Send 0 Send W
14. Address 6 Distortion Level SCP Address 7 SCP Address 8 Envelope Ctrl SCP Address 9 RESERVED SCP Address 11 SCP Address 12 SCP Address 13 Osc 4 Level SCP Address 15 Osc 5 Level U a to to Table B Synthesizer Registers 10 EEPROM The EEPROM is based on 256 locations and is broken up into 3 areas of interest 1 Address Pointer for Phrases Storage Area 2 Phrase Storage Area 3 Chip Control Area Address Pointer Area The Address Pointer Area is located from address 0 to 15 in the EEPROM and is the pointer to the start of each phrase By utilizing a pointer system each phrase can have different lengths and start points in the main area of the EEPROM These pointers are 8 bits in length Phrase Storage Area The Phrase Storage Area starts at address 16 and goes to address 236 In this area each phrase is started and contains the phonetic code instruction or control and the end phrase code Any of the codes listed in Table D or Table E can be placed in this area The end of a phrase is marked with a hexadecimal value of FF Chip Control Area The Chip Control Area starts at address 237 and goes to 255 In this area of the EEPROM this area is broken into to parts Address 237 238 and 239 contain the bits for control of the Startup Phrase Chip I O operations and SCP node address The second part of this area starting at address 240 through 255 contains the Event control Address Address 0
15. EYRR AR Part amp Farm AWRR EAR Clear amp Hear IYRR ER Center amp Fir AXRR OR Corn amp Four OWRR e Resonates EL Saddle amp Angle EHL L Lake amp Alarm LE Front L Clock amp Plus LO Back W Wool amp Sweat WW e Nasal M Milk amp Famous M N Nip amp Danger NE Front N No amp Snow NO Back N Think amp Ping NGE Front N Hung amp Song NGO Back V Vest amp Even VV Z Zoo amp Zap NZZ ZH Azure amp Treasure ZH TH There amp That DH e Voiceless Fricative H Help amp Hand HE Front H Hoe amp Hot HO Back WH Who amp Whale WH F Food amp Effort FF S See amp Vest SE Front S So amp Sweat SO Back SH Ship amp Fiction SH TH Thin amp month TH e Voiced Stop B Bear amp Bird BE Front Initial B Bone amp Book BO Back Initial B Cab amp Crib EB Front B Job amp Sub OB Back D Deep amp Date DE Front Initial D Do amp Dust DO Back Initial D Could amp Bird ED Front D Bud amp Food OD Back G Get amp Gate GE Front Initial G Got amp Glue GO Back Initial G Peg amp Wig EG Front G Dog amp Peg OG Back e Voiceless Stop T Part amp Little TT T Tea amp Take
16. LC All rights reserved Revision 1 1 Core Features Programmable 5 channel synthesizer Natural phonetic speech synthesis DTMF and other sound effects Programmable control of pitch rate bend and volume Programmable power up or reset announcements Multiple modes of operation Simple interface to microcontrollers Simple Stand Alone operation Three programmable digital outputs Internal 64 Byte input buffer Internal programmable EEPROM Extremely low power consumption Low pin count Multiple case styles available Special Features Three multipurpose programmable digital outputs allow the SpeakJet to control external devices based on timing of the sound output Control of devices may include lights motors or even launch model rocket after a count down sequence An internal clock oscillator provides for a truly Self Contained sound system Simply connect the SpeakJet to a power supply and a speaker to hear it speak An internal user programmable EEPROM allows for programming of up to 16 complex phrases or sound sequences These may be played back once or looped many times in response to events Phrases may call other phrases sounds or controls with nesting up to 3 levels deep No special equipment is required to program the internal EEPROM only a serial connection is required Interface Options CPU Control Single Wire Serial Input from microprocessors such as the OOPic Basic Stamp
17. al control mode To verify that the SpeakJet was placed in serial control mode the Acknowledge Commands Command V can be issued which causes the SpeakJet to enunciate the word Ready Example To place the SpeakJet in serial control mode and verify a valid connection with SCP and then exit Send 0 Send V SpeakJet enunciates Ready Send A The SpeakJet is now out of serial control mode Sending Values While in Serial Control Mode Decimal and Hexadecimal Characters are used for transferring data Decimal Characters are used when a single value is being sent and Hexadecimal Characters are used when multiple values are being sent When sending values to the SpeakJet each character of incoming serial data is stored in the SCP s 16 charactor input buffer Any data that is in the input buffer when a store command is executed will be evaluated for its numeric value Even non numeric characters will be evaluated based on their ASCII values Example To put Hex 1D3F into the buffer Send 0 Send 1D3F 1D3F is now in the buffer The Clear Buffer command R is used to clear the buffer Example To put 1234 into the buffer Send 0 Send 1234 1234 is now in the buffer Send R the buffer is now clear Note that if the buffer is empty when a command that reads its value is used then the buffer s value will be read as 0 Also note that ALL incoming characters are stored to the input buffer Th
18. al on creating speech using the SpeakJet allophone set Note that these are suggestions not rules The Phonetic Usage Chart Refer to Table C references the variations of each phoneme of the English language and gives suggestions for the appropriate times that they are used For example there are 4 B sounds BE and BO sound good in initial position as in the words Beep and Box while EB and OB sound good in final position as in Rib and Club A vowel modifier is also associated with the BE BO EB and OB sounds The BE is used when followed by a front vowel sound and the BO is used when followed by a back vowel sound Note that either can be used when followed by a central vowel sound Also note that a B sound in the middle of a word can be either a initial position or a final position sound For example the word rabbit is it RAB IT or RA BIT Local dialect can be the deciding factor in cases like this Typically the first allophone in a phrase is longer than the rest of the allophones used with the phrase Therefore to create an initial SS you can use the SLOW function before the SS allophone which will cause the SS sound to play for 1 and 1 2 the normal speed If an even longer sound is needed then the SS allophone can be played twice Note that this cannot be done with all allophones Repeating Diphthongs for example will cause the diphthong slide to play twice which will not resu
19. ation on the current operational status of the SpeakJet DO Ready is active high when the SpeakJet is on and ready to accept commands D1 Speaking is active high when the SpeakJet is currently generating any sound D2 Buffer Half Full is active high when the input buffer is 1 2 full This indicates when the 64 Byte input buffer has more than 32 bytes in it As the MSA executes the commands stored in the input buffer the buffer memory is freed and as 32 bytes of the buffer becomes available the Buffer Half Full output line will reflect that status This line can be used in a serial connection as the serial port s CTS line A logical Low output indicates that the buffer can accept 32 bytes and a logical High output indicates that the buffer cannot The status lines can also be user programmed to control external devices Each Status line can be individually selected to be and internal Status or user selected logic state Mode Select When a High logic level is placed on Mode Select MO and RESET is forced the SpeakJet starts a Demo mode where all internal allophones and sound effects are played in a loop This loop plays only when the buffer is empty and will suspend if any data is sent to the buffer When MO is brought back to a low state the demo mode is suspended If MO is brought back to a high state the demo mode continues from the point where it was suspended A RESET with a low logic level on Mode se
20. controls the selection of these mixers Mixer 5 is the final summation mixer which combines the outputs from all other mixers and applies the master volume level PWM output The final output of mixer 5 is sent to the PWM module which outputs the sound signal as a pulse width modulated digital signal on a square wave carrier of 32 kHz Controlling the Synthesizer The SpeakJet provides two distinct ways to control the 5 Channel Synthesizer 1 Sending commands to the MSA Engine 2 Sending SCP commands to directly manipulating the 5 Channel Svnthesizer s registers Sending commands to the MSA Engine is covered in the General Operations section of this manual When the MSA Engine executes the commands stored in the 64 byte input buffer it directs the 5 Channel Synthesizer to produces the voice and sound effects output All MSA sound components will manipulate the synthesizer s registers according to its own needs After the MSA Engine is finished executing the commands in the input buffer the values of the synthesizer s registers are left in their last used state The Auto Silence option determines whether or not a Pause 0 PO is played after the input buffer is empty The pause commands will only ramp the Oscillator volume level registers to 0 and will not affect any of the other registers NOTE Since the MSA Engine will leave the synthesizer s registers in a configuration suited for its own needs it is important t
21. ctive 239 c9 75 Biological 168 ZH Azure Treasure 70 Voiced Fictive 240 DO 0 95 DTMF 169 DH There That This 70 Voiced Fictive 241 D1 4 95 DTMF 170 BE Bear Bird Beed 45 Voiced Stop 242 D2 2 95 DTMF 171 BO Bone Book Brown 45 Voiced Stop 243 D3 3 95 DTMF 172 EB Cab Crib Web 10 Voiced Stop 244 D4 4 95 DTMF 173 OB Bob Sub Tub 10 Voiced Stop 245 D5 5 95 DTMF 174 DE Deep Date Divide 45 Voiced Stop 246 D6 6 95 DTMF 175 DO Do Dust Dog 45 Voiced Stop 247 D7 7 95 DTMF 176 ED Could Bird 10 Voiced Stop 248 D8 8 95 DTMF 177 OD Bud Food 10 Voiced Stop 249 D9 9 95 DTMF 178 GE Get Gate Guest 55 Voiced Stop 250 D10 x 95 DTMF 179 GO Got Glue Goo 55 Voiced Stop 251 D11 95 DTMF 180 EG Peg Wig 55 Voiced Stop 252 MO Sonar Ping 125 Miscellaneous 181 OG Dog Peg 55 Voiced Stop 253 M1 Pistol Shot 250 Miscellaneous 182 CH Church Feature March 70 Voiceless Affricate 254 M2 WOW 530 Miscellaneous 183 HE Help Hand Hair 70 Voiceless Fricative 184 HO Hoe Hot Hug 70 Voiceless Fricative 185 WH Who Whale White 70 Voiceless Fricative 186 FF Food Effort Off 70 Voiceless Fricative 187 SE See Vest Plus 40 Voiceless Fricative 188 so So Sweat 40 Voiceless Fricative 189 SH Ship Fiction Leash 50 Voiceless Fricative 190 TH Thin month 40 Voiceless Fricative 191 TT Part Little Sit 50 Voiceless Stop 192 TU To Talk Ten 70 Voiceless Stop 193 TS Parts Costs Robots 170 Voiceless Stop 194 KE Can t Clown Key 55 Voiceless Stop 195 KO Comb Quick Fox 55 Vo
22. e Pointer to call Phrase BitO Address 241 243 245 247 249 251 253 and 255 Event inputs EO E7 High to Low Transitions Bit 7 1 Play Phrase with event 0 No Event Phrase Bit 6 1 Do not Clear buffer 0 clear buffer before Phrase Bit 5 1 Call Phrase 0 Do not call phrase Bit 4 1 Normal 0 Restart from Start on event Bit 3 Event Phrase Pointer to call Phrase Bit3 Bit 2 Event Phrase Pointer to call Phrase Bit2 Bit 1 Event Phrase Pointer to call Phrase Bit1 Bit O Event Phrase Pointer to call Phrase BitO ALLOPHONE SPEECH SYNTHESIS PRIMER Introduction The sounds that are used to form the words of any particular language are called phonemes During the articulation of the words of that language variations of phonemes called allophones are vocalized one after another producing the spoken words and Phrases Allophone speech synthesis is a method of synthesizing a reproduction of a language by providing a technique of playing allophone like sounds one after another in much the same way that the human mouth does The SpeakJet implementation of the allophone speech synthesis method is done via the Mathematical Sound Architecture MSA The function of MSA is to mathematically model the sounds that the human mouth produces as it moves from one position to the next Seventy Two discrete speech sound elements one for each allophone are stored in the SpeakJet s MSA Sound Component Database Each MSA allophone co
23. e sounds to discover which version works best in any particular cluster of allophones Phonetic Usage Table e Vowels Phonetic Usage Table e Voiced Fictive Long A Gate amp Ate EYIY Long E See amp Even LY Long I Sky amp Five OHIH Also see IE Long O Comb amp Over OW Also see OA Long U June amp Food UW Also see OO Short A Hat amp Fast AY Short E Cent amp Egg EY Stressed Short E Met amp Check EH Normal Short E Cotton amp dust AX Relaxed Short I Sit amp Fix IH Short O Hot amp Clock OH Also see AW Short U Luck amp Up UX Pair OO Book amp Could UH Also see Long U Pair AW Saw amp Father AW Also see Short O Pair OA Coat amp Hello owww Also see Long O Pair EW New amp Two IHWW eh oo Pair EW Few amp Cute IYUW ee 00 Pair IE Tie amp Fight OHIY Also see Long Pair OW Owf amp Our AYWW ah ww Pair OW Brown AXUW eh uw Pair OY Boy amp Toy OWIY Y Yes amp Yarn IYEH e Vowels withR R Ray amp Brain RR AIR Hair amp Stair
24. eakJet to enunciate the word Ready Resets the SpeakJet in the same way that cycling the Reset Line does Exits SCP Mode Mixer 1 takes the outputs from oscillators 1 2 and 3 and combines them Note that the maximum combined volume The 5 Channel Synthesizer The SpeakJet s 5 Channel Synthesizer as shown in figure 3 is the module responsible for production the SpeakJet s voice It is comprised of 6 Oscillators 5 mixers and a Pulse Width Modulated PWM digital output Oscillators Each oscillator can be set to any frequency from 0 to 3999Hz The frequency is produced at a rate of 8192 samples per second 8 kHz Two oscillators have a distortion control which affects a white noise bandwidth centered on the oscillator s current frequency Five of the oscillators have volume controls while the sixth is used exclusively for enveloping the other 5 oscillators Mixers The 5 mixers are used to combine the outputs of all oscillators to produce a final output that this mixer can handle is 63 For example setting the volumes of oscillators 1 2 and 3 to 31 31 0 respectively is acceptable because the total is less than 63 while setting the volumes to 22 22 amp 22 respectively is not because the total is greater than 63 Mixer 2 takes the outputs from oscillators 4 and 5 and combines them Mixers 3 and 4 are selectable mixers that are used to apply the envelope to the outputs of mixers 1 and 2 Register 8
25. ed as a control value When the SCP module detects the Escape character the next character received the control value is used to set the serial port s operating mode Serial Control Mode The SCP Escape Sequence Escape Node is used to place the SpeakJet into Serial Control Mode where the control value ofthe Escape sequence Node is a 1 digit number 0 7 which represents the SpeakJet s SCP Node Number When this Escape Sequence is encountered the Device Number is checked against the SpeakJet s SCP Node number and ifthey match or Device Number is 0 then the SpeakJet will be placed into Serial Control Mode Upon being placed in Serial Control Mode the serial port s input buffer and the 3 control registers Memory Address Memory Type and Sub Address are cleared Once in Serial Control Mode the SpeakJet s SCP Module will respond to any commands that are issued Either issuing the Exit command X or an Escape Sequence exits the Serial Control Mode where the control character is a non numeric character After exiting Serial Control Mode the SpeakJet s serial port s operating mode is set so that all incoming data is sent to the MSA and the SCP module will return to silently monitor the incoming serial data Example To place the SpeakJet in and out of serial control mode Send 0 The SpeakJet is now in Serial Control Mode Send A The SpeakJet is now out of serial control mode Example To place the SpeakJet
26. ep maximum 29 Goto Phrase X This command specifies which EEPROM phrase to play 30 Delay X This command specifies the number of 10ms intervals to delay before continuing on to the next code The Delay range is from 0 to 255 31 Reset This command resets the Volume Speed Pitch and Bend to the default values 15 MSA Sound Allophone Component List MSA Sound Effects Component List Code Phoneme Samle Words Msec Phoneme Type Code Phoneme Sample Words MS Phoneme Type 128 IY See Even Feed 70 Voiced Long Vowel 200 RO 80 Robot 129 IH Sit Fix Pin 70 Voiced Short Vowel 201 R1 80 Robot 130 EY Hair Gate Beige 70 Voiced Long Vowel 202 R2 80 Robot 131 EH Met Check Red 70 Voiced Short Vowel 203 R3 80 Robot 132 AY Hat Fast Fan 70 Voiced Short Vowel 204 R4 80 Robot 133 AX Cotten 70 Voiced Short Vowel 205 R5 80 Robot 134 UX Luck Up Uncle 70 Voiced Short Vowel 206 R6 80 Robot 135 OH Hot Clock Fox 70 Voiced Short Vowel 207 R7 80 Robot 136 AW Father Fall 70 Voiced Short Vowel 208 R8 80 Robot 137 OW Comb Over Hold 70 Voiced Long Vowel 209 R9 80 Robot 138 UH Book Could Should 70 Voiced Short Vowel 210 AO 300 Alarm 139 UW Food June 70 Voiced Long Vowel 211 M 101 Alarm 140 MM Milk Famous 70 Voiced Nasal 212 A2 102 Alarm 141 NE Nip Danger Thin 70 Voiced Nasal 213 A3 540 Alarm 142 NO No Snow On 70 Voiced Nasal 214 A4 530 Alarm 143 NGE Think Ping 70 Voiced Nasal 215 A5 500 Alarm 144 NGO Hung Song 70 Voiced Nasal 216 A6 135
27. erational group will behave in different ways With the exception of SCP commands each command received is buffered into a 64 Byte input buffer and executed by the MSA in the order that they are received First In First Out FIFO In the case of SCP these commands are executed immediately as they are received and not stored in the input buffer See the section on SCP for further details As the MSA executes the commands stored in the input buffer it directs the 5 Channel Synthesizer which produces the Voice output See Figure2 and Figure 3 and each command is removed from the input buffer after the command is executed Both the Serial Input and the 8 Event Inputs provide methods of placing command data in the Input Buffer Serial Input A single input line is used to receive command data at the preset baud rate The RCX is the serial input and is expecting a logical level non inverted signal Event Inputs In the case that an Event Input is configured to do so a single EEPROM Call command is stored into the input buffer whenever one of the Event Input s logic state is changed or in the case of the RC Event Input when a PWM pulse changes to a predetermined amount 5 Channel Synthesizer SCP Preprocessor Digital Outputs MS A Event Input Sound SpeakJet IRC Component Control Database Figure 2 SpeakJet Block Diagram Fiaure 3 SpeakJet 5 Channel Svnthesizer Block Diaaram 4 Status lines provide inform
28. from 2400 to 19200 The factory default setting is 9600 baud This baud rate can be changed any time by placing the SpeakJet into the Baud Rate Configure Mode Serial Control Protocol SCP In addition to using the serial port to communicate with the MSA module the SpeakJet includes a system called the Serial Control Protocol SCP which allows the 5 Channel Synthesizer and the EEPROM in the SpeakJet to be controlled over the serial port More information can be found at www openscp com Overview The function of the SpeakJet s implementation of the Serial Control Protocol SCP is to allow a serially attached device to interact with the control portion ofthe SpeakJet Note that the entire character set used by SCP is composed of human readable characters so that a serial terminal program can be used to manually control the SpeakJet The SCP module will silently monitor all incoming serial data that is received by the SpeakJet s serial port for the Escape Sequence that activates the Serial Control Mode When activated all serial data is then exchanged with the SCP module until a future Escape Sequence or End SCP Control changes the serial port s operating mode back to sending data to the MSA module Escape Sequence The Escape Sequence is modeled after the ANSI C Escape Sequence where the Escape character is represented by the Backwards Slash character and the character immediately following the Escape character is us
29. iceless Stop 196 EK Speak Task 55 Voiceless Stop 197 OK Book Took October 45 Voiceless Stop 198 PE People Computer 99 Voiceless Stop 199 PO Paw Copy 99 Voiceless Stop Table E 16 0 02 0 002 n 0 1 in 0 31 0 015 in f dh dh NN N vY Y Y Y Y Y Y YY 0 250 010 in 0 37 0 060 in 0 9 0 010 in 18 Pin Plastic DIP Package Mechanical Specifications Glossary of Terms al lo phone n A predictable phonetic variant of a phoneme For example the aspirated T of Top the unaspirated T of sTop and the TT pronounced as a flap of baTTer are allophones of the English phoneme T pho neme n The smallest phonetic unit in a language that is capable of conveying a distinction in meaning as the M of Mat and the B of Bat in the English language SCP Serial Control Protocol A communications and control standard developed by Savage Innovations and licensed by Magnevation for communications of data to internal registers syl la ble n A unit of spoken language consisting of a single uninterrupted sound formed by a vowel diphthong or syllabic consonant alone or by any of these sounds preceded followed or surrounded by one or more consonants syn the sis n The combining of separate elements or substances to form a coherent whole
30. is includes the backspace character Therefore if the buffer winds up with erroneous data in it the backspace character will not erase the data Accessing Memory The SpeakJet s memory is arranged into 16 registers plus a 256 Byte bank of EEPROM Memory is set by using the Set Memory N command Before any memory can be set a few specifications must be set The Store Memory Command relies on 2 control registers that specify how to perform the write function These control registers are Memory Type and Memory Address Memory Type Each time memory is set the Memory Type control register is examined to determine how to handle the memory write The Memory Type is an 8 Bit value that is used to specify the attributes about the memory To set the Memory Type the Set Type command H is used Example To set the Memory Type to 32 Send 0 Send 32H The memory type is now 32 In the SpeakJet there are 2 different types of memory that can be accessed with SCP Register Values and Internal EEPROM The two types of SpeakJet memory can be set with the following memory types 0 Write a register s value 32 Write to the Internal EEPROM Examples of these Memory Types are shown in latter sections Memory Address Each time memory is accessed the Memory Address control register is used to determine where the accessed memory is The Memory Address is an 8 Bit value that is used to specify the memory s address To set the
31. kJet to power up conditions This forces the internal control circuit to reset and clear the input buffer The configuration bits and stored phrases in the EEPROM are not affected Thisis a logical input that requires a High or Low logic level and is active low The use of RESET along with the logic states of the Mode Select inputs MO and M1 places the SpeakJet into the different modes of operation IMPORTANT NOTE For normal operation Rst must be connected to V through a resistor MO M1 Mode Select 0 1 Mode Select inputs are read by the internal control system after a power up or a reset is forced and is used to determine which one of two modes to start up in Normal Operation or Demo Test mode When in Demo Test mode the SpeakJet can be placed in Baud Rate Configure mode These pins are logical inputs that require a High or Low logic level For normal operation connect MO to GND and M1 to V through a resistor D2 Buffer Half Full Data Out 2 Buffer Half Full Data Out 2 Buffer Half Full output is used for flow control with a serial port by connecting to the CTS line back to the computer or controller Or it may be used as a general purpose output This line is a logical output with either a High or Low logic level Which function this output uses is determined by a configuration bit stored in the EEPROM and the factory default configurations is Buffer Half Full and is Active Hiah D1 Speaking Data Ou
32. lays the next phoneme at 1 and 1 2 the time it normally would play 14 Stress Plays the next phoneme with a small amount of stress in the voice 15 Relax Plays the next phoneme with a small amount of relaxation in the voice 16 Wait This command will stop the voicing and wait for a start command The Start command can be issued by either sending the SCP start command or by changing the state of one of the input lines that has been previously set to do a Start 20 Volume X This command sets the master volume level A value will need to be sent after the volume command that specifies the desired volume Volume levels can range from 0 to 127 The default is 96 21 Speed X This command sets the play speed A value will need to be sent after the speed command that specifies the desired speed Speeds can range from 0 to 127 The default is 114 22 Pitch X This command sets the Vocalization Pitch in Hertz A value will need to be sent after the pitch command that specifies the desired pitch The vocalization pitch is what makes a voice sound High pitched or Low pitched For singing the pitch has a range of 3 full octaves 32Hz to 240hz The Vocalization Pitch works only on sounds that are voiced Pitches can range from 0 to 255 The default is 88 Note that anything under 30 starts to sound like clicks instead of a voice Also Note that a value of 0 0 Hz and thusly will not actually vocalize 23 Bend X This command
33. lect MO will discontinue the Demo Test mode and place the SpeakJet back to normal operation Baud Rate Configure If the SpeakJet is in the Demo Test mode and a momentary Low logic level is placed on Mode Select M1 the Speakjet starts a Sonar Ping sound to indicate the Baud Rate Configuration mode is selected At this time the Speakjet is waiting for a serial sync character hex 55 to set the internal clock for the baud rate that is to be used Once the baud rate is captured the Speakjet automatically stores this value in the EEPROM and returns to the demo mode The SpeakJet will continue to use this new Baud Rate until configured again Normal operation requires that MO to be Low logic level and M1 to be a High logic level Serial Data Serial Data is the main method of communicating with the SpeakJet to execute commands or create voices and sounds The serial data can also be used to program the internal EEPROM The SpeakJet does not accept actual RS 232A signal levels and will be damaged if attempted to input these levels In order to read data from a RS 232A type of serial data stream a level shifter line receiver must be used This can be as simple as a small transistor or more robust device like the MAX232A from Maxim The SpeakJet serial configuration is fixed at 8 bits No Parity and 1 stop bit 8 N 1 and non inverted RS 232 is inverted logic and higher voltages The Speakjet can be configured to accept Baud rates
34. lt in just a longer sound Diphthongs are perceived as single vowel sounds but in reality they are sliding sounds that transition from one vowel sound into another vowel sound For example the A sound in Make isn t a single vowel sound It is a diphthong that transitions from the EY sound to the IY sound and thusly the name for the diphthong is EYIY This sliding sound is repeated when diphthongs are repeated For example EYIY EYIY does not have the same affect as IY IY Two IY s played back to back will produce an IY sound that lasts twice as long while the EYIY EYIY will just repeat the slide Five of the R sounds are diphthongs that begin with a vowel and end with the R sound For example the AWRR in alarm and the OHRR in score 13 Determining when to use a diphthong and when to use the independent sound again largely relies on person preference and local dialect Some sounds P B T D K G CH and JH require a brief duration of silence before them For these the silence has already been added but you may decide you want to add more To increase the duration of silence the SLOW command can be used and optionally a pause can be inserted before it There are several different types and lengths of pauses that can be inserted in front of an allophone but be aware that different pauses will affect the way the MSA calculates the transitions from the last allophone through the silence and into
35. memory address the Set Address command J is used Example To set the memory address to 126 Send 0 Send 126J The memory address is now 126 Accessing a Register s Value Accessing a register s Value is the simplest form of the SCP protocol To write a register s Value the Memory Type control register should be set to 0 the Memory Address control register needs to be set to the address of the Register to access and the value to write needs to be specified Once the conditions are met to access the Register s Value the Set Memory command N is used to set the Register s value If accessing the Register s Value is done immediately after entering into SCP mode then setting the Memory Type control register to 0 can be skipped because is set to 0 by the SCP initialization routines Example To write a value of 500 to the first oscillator and set its volume to 16 Send 0 Send 8J Set address for Envelope Control Send ON Set Envelope Control to 0 Send 1J Set address for Oscillator 1 Frequency Send 500N Set Frequency of Oscillator 1 Send 11J Set address for Oscillator 1 Volume Send 16N Set Oscillator 1 Volume to 16 If the SCP Mode is not exited and the Memory Address and Memory Type values are not changed after being set the default Object property may be written repeatedly Example To set the frequency of the first oscillator to 500 Hz 1500 Hz and 2500 Hz consecutively Send 0 Send
36. mponent was created to duplicate a specific allophone sound made by the human mouth during speech To produce speech a list of selected allophones is sent to the SpeakJet As the SpeakJet is vocalizing this list of allophones MSA actively and continuously calculates all the sound components of the allophones including the transitional sounds made between the allophones producing the same sounds that the human mouth does as it moves from one position to another position Selecting the appropriate combination of allophones and pauses can thusly create any English word or phrase Further tuning with the Rate Pitch Bend and Volume parameters adds to the delivery of the phrase and can change the emotion in which the phrase is perceived Stressing the Rate Pitch Bend and Volume parameters to levels outside the human range can result in some interesting sounds that go way beyond what a normal human mouth can produce In addition several other sounds effects which are included in the MSA Sound Component Database of which some use vocalization and some do not can be integrated into the phrases The result is a system that gives the user the ability to not only produce an unlimited vocabulary but also to produce slang gibberish moans groans yodels and other weird vocalized sounds not normally included in a canned TTS system 12 Producing English Speech Five basic linguistic concepts will help you to create highly intelligible s
37. o understand how this affects any future SCP commands For example if the MSA Engine is instructed to vocalize the word ready at power up then the Envelope Control register will be set up for voice output and will need to be changed appropriately for any direct synthesizer control Direct synthesizer control via SCP The SCP commands covered in the Serial Control Protocol SCP section of this manual outline a method of directly setting the values of the SpeakJet s internal registers over the serial port These register values are used to control the 5 Channel Synthesizer The following is a list of the register addresses Register 0 Envelope Frequency Register 1 Oscillator 1 Frequency Register 2 Oscillator 2 Frequency Register 3 Oscillator 3 Frequency Register 4 Oscillator 4 Frequency Register 5 Oscillator 5 Frequency Register 6 Distortion Affects Oscillator 4 amp 5 Register 7 Master Volume Register 8 Envelope Control Register 9 Not used Register 10 Not used Register 11 Oscillator 1 Volume Register 12 Oscillator 2 Volume Register 13 Oscillator 3 Volume Register 14 Oscillator 4 Volume Register 15 Oscillator 5 Volume Registers 0 through 5 are frequency registers These registers can accept a value from 0 to 3999 and will cause the corresponding oscillator s frequency to oscillate at the specified frequency Example To set the frequency of Oscillator 1 to 500Hz 1J500N Register 6 is a
38. ounding speech with the SpeakJet e First there is no one to one correspondence between written letters and speech sounds More than one letter may represent each sound in a language and conversely each letter may represent more than one sound See the sample words in Table C Because of these spelling irregularities it is necessary to think in terms of sounds not letters when creating phrases e Second speech sounds are acoustically different depending upon their position within a word For example the initial B sound in Beep is acoustically different from the B sound in Box The B sounds differ due to the influence of the vowels which follow them e Third the human ear may perceive the same acoustic signal differently in the context of different sounds Therefore an allophone may sound slightly different when used in various phrases e Fourth some sounds in words are not actually pronounced and or others are added when followed or preceded by certain other words For example the two words Night and Time When played separately they both will articulate the T sound However played together they need to be articulated as Ni Time e Fifth The Vocalization Pitch Play Rate and Frequency Bend parameters are just as important as the selection of the phonemes used For instance playing a phase that does not change the pitch at any point in time sounds very monotonic and robotic while increasing the Pitch at
39. t 1 Speaking Data Out 1 Speaking output is used to indicate when the SpeakJet is Speaking Or it may be used as a general purpose output This line is a logical output with either a High or Low logic level Which function this output uses is determined by a configuration bit stored in the EEPROM and the factory default configurations is Speaking and is Active DO Ready Data Out 0 Ready Data Out 0 Ready output is used to indicate when the SpeakJet is Ready This indicates that the internal self test has passed and the Speakjet is ready to accept data through one of its inputs Or it may be used as a general purpose output This line is a logical output with either a High or Low logic level Which function this output uses is determined by a configuration bit stored in the EEPROM and the factory default configurations is Ready and is Active High Vout Voice Output Voice Output modulates the SpeakJet s voice on a square wave carrier of 32 khz The duty cycle of this carrier is varied by the modulation of the sound output This duty cycles typically varies by 70 and can vary up to 100 depending on the level of output represented by the audio wave A simple two pole low pass filter see Figure 1 is all that is required before an amplifier to obtain quality sound 3 VOLTS 2 X AA BATTERIES 120 OHM SPEAKER OR HEADPHONE MAX 25 ma Minimum Connections Demo Test Mode 2 5 VOLT
40. the end of a sentence produces a questioning tone Phonemes of English Language Table C contains a chart of all the consonant and vowel phonemes of the English language Consonants are produced by creating an occlusion or constriction in the vocal tract which produces an aperiodic sound source If the vocal cords are vibrating at the same time as in the case of the voiced fricatives VV DH ZZ and ZH there are two sound sources one which is aperiodic and one which is periodic Vowels are usually produced with a relatively open vocal tract and a periodic sound source provided by the vibrating vocal cords They are classified according to whether the front or back of the tongue is high or low See Figure 4 whether they are long or short and whether the lips are rounded or un rounded In English all rounded vowels are produced in or near the back of the mouth UW UH OW OH AW Vowel chart used in the North American linquistics position of the tongue gt Vowel chart used in the SpeakJet lt position of the tongue gt es stat a high IV IH mid EY AX EH low jay UX Figure 4 How to Use the Allophone Set Recall that a phoneme is acoustically different depending upon its position within a word Each of these positional variants is an allophone of the same phoneme An allophone therefore is the manifestation of a phoneme in true speech signal The following is a brief tutori

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