Implementation of Fully Automated Electricity for large Building
Contents
1. Fuzzy Control Simulation amp Modeling FPGA Genetic Algorithm SCADA System Signal and Image Processing Current Trends in Technology and Sciences Volume 1 Issue 1 May June 2012 Copyright 2012 CTTS IN All right reserved 462. primarily designed for accessing data from a networked server OPC interfaces can be used in many places within an application At the lowest level they can get raw data from the physical devices into a SCADA or DCS or from the SCADA or DCS system into the application The architecture and design makes it possible to construct an Copyright 2012 CTTS IN All right reserved 41 Current Trends in Technology amp Sciences OPC Server which allows a client application to access data from many OPC Servers provided by many different OPC vendors running on different nodes via a single object as shown in Figure 6 sca OPG I F Systen Physical I F Application OPC I F Physical 1 0 Py sia I F Figu 6 OPC Client Server Relationship Physical 1 0 w E DataSocket VIs in LabVIEW DataSocket is a technology for sharing data between applications or different data sources You can connect to an OPC server with DataSocket using an OPC URL which is similar to the URLs used in a Web browser URLs provide a standard mechanism for referring to locations DataSocket can share live data with one or more client applications on a network without worrying about data formats and network protocols LabVIEW applications can easily share live data with a variety of clients including Visual Basic applications Web browsers Visual C Microsoft Excel LabWindows CVI and other LabVIEW applications Using DataSocket technology yo
3. A application software can be a significant cost item when developing maintaining and expanding a SCADA system When software is well defined designed written checked and tested a successful SCADA system will likely be produced E SCADA Architectures SCADA systems have evolved in parallel with the growth and sophistication of modern computing technology The following sub sections will provide a description of the following three generations of SCADA systems e First Generation Monolithic e Second Generation Distributed e Third Generation Networked 1 Monolithic SCADA Systems When SCADA systems were first developed the concept of computing in general centered on mainframe systems Networks were generally non existent and each centralized system stood alone As a result SCADA systems were standalone systems with virtually no connectivity to other systems The Wide Area Networks WANs that were implemented to communicate with remote terminal units RTUs were designed with a single purpose in mind that of communicating with RTUs in the field and nothing else In addition WAN protocols in use today were largely unknown at the time Figure 2 shows typical first generation SCADA architecture Software Copyright 2012 CTTS IN All right reserved 39 Current Trends in Technoloavy amp Sciences Remote Terminal Unit gS SCADA Master d Wide Area Network Wide Area Network Wide Area Network g
4. Essential Generator 9 Fig 17 Control Page 01 23 2012 01 37 03 9M Copyright 2012 CTTS IN All right reserved dge one g Current Trends in Technology amp Sciences C Alarm System Any monitor system may have fault or problem in the system so that the engineer can see the problem and solve it This proposed SCADA has alarms that the employees can see it in three ways 1 Indicators in this type of alarm the technician must be in the control room to see it 2 Interface program this type need an internet network to noticed 3 SMS technique this technique is the best way to insure that the alarms were noticed by the suitable employer Press the alarms button to see if there is any fault in the whole SCADA system as shown in Figure 18 Fig 18 Alarm Page Fig 19 sms sent to mobile 7 COMMUNICATION SETTING The PLC is realized through MODBUS communication Modbus RS232 is used to connect software tools with hardware components Modbus RS232 have some properties as shown Figure 20 Current Trends in Technology and Sciences Volume 1 Issue 1 May June 2012 New Channel Communications zJ Fig 20 Modbus RS232 Properties 8 CONCLUSION This paper presents full design of SCADA systems to control the electricity in large building using LabVIEW software The main goal of this paper is to achieve SCADA system using LabVIEW graphical programming language With the network supported fu
5. dge N Current Trends in Technology amp Sciences Current Trends in Technology and Sciences Volume 1 Issue 1 May June 2012 Implementation of Fully Automated Electricity for large Building Using SCADA Tool like LabVIEW Basil Hamed Electrical Engineering Islamic University of Gaza Gaza Palestine Email bhamed iugaza edu Abstract This paper deals with the development and implementation of a framework of SCADA using LabVIEW based Data Acquisition and Management A SCADA system is described in terms of architecture process interfaces functionality and application development facilities The system is low on system requirements and easy to implement This paper describes configuration of Remote Terminal Units to access and transmit real time data over the Intranet logging all the data in a historian for future references at a centralized location keeping the human operator updated via Human Machine Interface and providing measures for any emergency and enabling control via SMS giving true remote control capabilities In addition the project can automatically run the suitable generator from his reading of the foundation power in short it s the best solution of the foundation electricity problem Keywords SCADA PLC Lab VIEW 1 INTRODUCTION For the last few decades Programmable Logic Controller PLC has been widely accepted in various process industries which is a solid state device designed to perfo
6. er Standards amp Interfaces vol 31 p 599 612 March 2009 David Bailey and Edwin Wright 2 SCADA systems 6 7 8 9 10 hardware and firmware in Practical SCADA for Industr 2003 11 63 Vinay M Igure Sean A Laughtera and Ronald D Williamsa Security issues in SCADA networks Computers amp Security vol 25 p 498 506 October 2006 Cihan Sahina and Emine Dogru Bolatb Development of remote control and monitoring of web based distributed OPC system Computer Standards amp Interfaces vol 31 p 984 993 September 2009 Xu Hong and Wang Jianhua An extendable data engine based on OPC specification Computer Standards amp Interfaces vol 26 p 515 525 October 2004 http www delta com tw industrialautomation National Instruments LabVIEW User Manual April 2003 Edition AUTHOR S PROFILE Dr Basil Hamed is Associate Professor of Electrical Engineering Department Islamic University of Gaza Palestine since 1999 He has Bachelor Degree in Electrical Engineering from New Mexico State University NM USA in the year of 1989 he received Master degree from University of New Orleans La USA in the year of 1992 and earned his Ph D Fuzzy Control System from New Mexico State University NM USA in the year 1999 He has 15 years of teaching experience and has published many papers in national and international journals His fields of interest include Control Systems
7. etwork WAN Wireless technologies are now being widely deployed for purposes of monitoring B Components of SCADA systems A SCADA system is consist of many components that is build wide control and supervision The main components are 1 One or more field data interface devices usually RTUs or PLCs which interface to field sensing devices and local control switchboxes and valve actuators 2 A communications system used to transfer data between field data interface devices and control units and the computers in the SCADA central host The system can be radio telephone cable satellite etc or any combination of these Copyright 2012 CTTS IN All right reserved 38 dge N Current Trends in Technology amp Sciences 3 A central host computer server or servers sometimes called a SCADA Center master station or Master Terminal Unit MTU 4 A collection of standard and or custom software sometimes called Human Machine Interface HMD software or Man Machine Interface MMI software systems used to provide the SCADA central host and operator terminal application support the communications system and monitor and control remotely located field data interface devices Figure 1 shows a typical SCADA system Each of the above system components will be discussed in detail in the next sections Remote ET SCADA gt Master Location Containing RTUs and or PLCs Fig 1 SCADA System The c
8. generators distributed lines indicators contactors and the loads The user can know which load is on the generators are on or off and if there is any problem in the system Fig 9 Municipality Electricity is OFF The user can read the total power by computing it using the current and the voltage values also can connect the Non essential load using the button in the interface program which mentioned in the previous chapters B HMI Using LabVIEW Software The user has full accessibility to the project that s mean monitor and control of the system anywhere in world Enter the user name and password to lo Fig 12 System Monitor Page When Power Station ON The yellow lamp is indicator that the system is on run The green lamps beside the contactors are the indicators that these contactors are on and the current is moving The red indicators beside the loads are mean the load is off and will make an SMS to user to indicate to him there is a load if off and he will take the right decision to solve Fig 10 Login Page the problem After the user connects to the system he will reach the main page which contains system monitor system control and alarms The user can access any one as he like control or monitor Copyright 2012 CTTS IN All right reserved 43 Current Trends in Technology amp Sciences ae waz LAP Fig 13 System Monitor Page When Power Station OFF and Generator 1 ON In Figure 13 t
9. he Details button are shown when the button is push then we will leave the system monitor page and go to the phase voltage and current monitor for the system The user can monitor from here the phase voltage and 3 phase current as shown in Figure 14 Current 1 Current 2 u r ee itt Current 3 500 750 1000 250 l 500 750 1000 1250 0 1 i 01 23 2012 01 22 19 PM Fig 14 Detail Page Press Back button to go back to the system monitor There are three details button beside generators These buttons will move you the page contain the status of generators and its specifications Current Trends in Technology and Sciences Volume 1 Issue 1 May June 2012 Generator 1 Details Generator Status Tempreture On 30 Degree Rated Voltage Speed 220 V 1500 RPM Rated Current Frequancy 300 A 50 Hz Power 900 KVA Fig 15 Detail Page for Generator 1 is ON Generator 2 Details Generator Status Tempreture Off 0 Rated Voltage Speed 0 0 Rated Current Frequancy 0 0 Power Fig 16 Detail Page for Generator 2 is OFF Now let s go to the system monitor First press the Back button which will go back to main page then click on system control Note you have to change the status from control unit to be able to control the system from the software tools as shown in Figure 17 Non Essential Load Pa 9 n Ar s Q Essential Load Afg D 4 Essential Essential Lo wg os S
10. he information in a local addressing scheme The SCADA master station is the part of the system that should know that the first status point of RTU number 27 is the status of a certain circuit breaker of a given substation This represents the predominant SCADA systems and protocols in use in the utility industry today Each protocol consists of two message sets or pairs One set forms the master protocol containing the valid statements for master station initiation or response and the other set is the RTU protocol containing the valid statements an RTU can initiate and respond to In most but not all cases these pairs can be considered a poll or request for information or action and a confirming response The SCADA protocol between master and RTU forms a viable model for RTU to Intelligent Electronic Device IED communications Currently in industry there are several different protocols in use The most popular are International Electro technical Commission IEC 60870 Copyright 2012 CTTS IN All right reserved 40 Current Trends in Technology amp Sciences 5 series specifically IEC 60870 5 101 commonly referred to as 101 and Distributed Network Protocol version 3 DNP3 4 HARDWARE COMPONENTS A control board consists of two circuits A power circuit and a control circuit The power circuit is used for high current connecting the electric power to the load while the control circuit is a low current circuit imp
11. imic screen of the site or water supply network in question However with the increased use of the personal Current Trends in Technology and Sciences Volume 1 Issue 1 May June 2012 computer computer networking has become commonplace in the office and as a result SCADA systems are now available that can network with office based personal computers Indeed many of today s SCADA systems can reside on computer servers that are identical to those servers and computers used for traditional office applications This has opened a range of possibilities for the linking of SCADA systems to office based applications such as GIS systems hydraulic modeling software drawing management systems work scheduling systems and information databases D Operator Workstations and Components Operator workstations are most often computer terminals that are networked with the SCADA central host computer The central host computer acts as a server for the SCADA application and the operator terminals are clients that request and send information to the central host computer based on the request and action of the operators An important aspect of every SCADA system is the computer software used within the system The most obvious software component is the operator interface or Man Machine Interface Human Machine Interface MMI HMI package however software of some form pervades all levels of a SCADA system Depending on the size and nature of the SCAD
12. lements the method in which the drivers of the load are excited It may contain switches push buttons relays timers and counters The drivers of the load are likely to be contactors relays or solid state relays A Control circuit Delta s DVP 20EX200 series PLC 10 The PLC takes the input from external computer or sensor and the output is actuator as shown in Figure External PLC o Actuator Process Computer E Sensor Fig 5 PLC System e Relay B Power Circuit Circuit Breaker Toggle Switch Current Transformer Contactor 5 SOFTWARE TOOLS There are several alternative SCADA packages which enable users to build their own customized screens for a particular controlled process These packages are such as LabVIEW Wonderware s InTouch Citect SCADA RsView32 Siemens WinCC and other A HMI for Project We use LabVIEW software tools to implement HMI for this project For building SCADA system some modules are needed for LabVIEW software such as e NI LabVIEW Full Development System e Real Time Module e Data logging and Supervisory Control module e Touch Panel Module e NI OPC Server B LabVIEW 2009 Software Tool The system is implemented on LabVIEW by National Instruments Certain features like VI portability Image Processing availability of advanced processing kits etc favored this particular product s choice 11 LabVIEW is a graphical programming language that uses icons instead of lines of text to crea
13. nctions provided in LabVIEW it is succeeded in developing an Intranet SCADA System Although a real time system Shifa Hospital which is the biggest hospital in Gaza is used for demonstration the LabVIEW program which we have developed is not limited to any specific application and in general can be used for any SCADA implementation The proposed SCADA has been tested using LabVIEW software also has been applied in real time and showed very good result 9 ACKNOWLEDGMENT I would like to thank and express my appreciation to the engineers Suliman M Abu Tayyem Abdullah Z Al Kurdi Ayman M Ismail Hussien A Keshta and Hassan S Al Nahhal for their hard work in this project This project was their senior project as electrical engineering department requirement for graduation 10 REFERENCES 1 W Bolton Newnes 2009 James A Rehg Glenn J Sartori Programmable logic controllers Prentice Hall 2007 Frank D Petruzella Programmable controllers Tata McGraw Hill Education 2005 Stuart A Boyer SCADA supervisory control and data acquisition International Society of Automation 2009 Adnan Salihbegovica Vlatko Marinkovica Zoran Cicoa Elvedin Karavdicb and Nina Delica Web based multilayered distributed SCADA HMI system Programmable logic controllers 2 3 logic 4 5 Copyright 2012 CTTS IN All right reserved 45 Current Trends in Technology amp Sciences in refinery application Comput
14. ntroduced which supports higher data rate The new enhancements made in the automation of industrial processes have been realized through OPC server 8 9 2 SCADA A SCADA SCADA is an acronym for Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition SCADA systems are used to monitor and control a plant or equipment in industries such as telecommunications water and waste control energy oil and gas refining and transportation These systems encompass the transfer of data between a SCADA central host computer and a number of Remote Terminal Units RTUs and or Programmable Logic Controllers PLCs and the central host and the operator terminals A SCADA system gathers information such as where a leak on a pipeline has occurred transfers the information back to a central site then alerts the home station that a leak has occurred carrying out necessary analysis and control such as determining if the leak is critical and displaying the information in a logical and organized fashion These systems can be relatively simple such as one that monitors environmental conditions of a small office building or very complex such as a system that monitors all the activity in a nuclear power plant or the activity of a municipal water system Traditionally SCADA systems have made use of the Public Switched Network PSN for monitoring purposes Today many systems are monitored using the infrastructure of the corporate Local Area Network LAN Wide Area N
15. omatically add alarming scaling and security to the shared variable and configure the shared variable programmatically The DSC Module also provides tools for graphing historical or real time trends enhancing the security of front panels and writing custom I O servers You can read or write to OLE for Process Control OPC connections programmable logic controllers or custom I O servers that you write The DSC Module provides solutions for supervisory control of a wide variety of distributed systems using graphical LabVIEW programming D NI OPC Servers NI OPC Servers are a 32 bit windows application that provides a means of bringing data and information from a wide range of industrial devices and systems into client applications on your windows PC OPC servers provide a method for many different software packages to access data from a process control device such as a PLC or DCS Distributed Control System The purpose of OPC is to define a common interface that is written once and then reused by any business SCADA HMI or custom software packages Once an OPC server is written for a particular device it can be reused by any application that is able to act as an OPC client OPC servers use Microsofts OLE technology also known as the Component Object Model or COM to communicate with clients COM technology permits a standard for real time information exchange between software applications and process hardware to be defined OPC is
16. ommunications network is intended to provide the means by which data can be transferred between the central host computer servers and the field based RTUs The Communication Network refers to the equipment needed to transfer data to and from different sites The medium used can either be cable telephone or radio Remote sites are usually not accessible by telephone lines and the use of cable is not practical for systems covering large geographical areas because of the high cost of the cables conduits and the extensive labor in installing them The use of radio offers an economical solution Radio modems are used to connect the remote sites to the host An on line operation can also be implemented on the radio system For locations where a direct radio link cannot be established a radio repeater is used to link these sites C Central Host Computer The central host computer or master station is most often a single computer or a network of computer servers that provide a man machine operator interface to the SCADA system The computers process the information received from and sent to the RTU sites and present it to human operators in a form that the operators can work with Operator terminals are connected to the central host computer by a LAN WAN so that the viewing screens and associated data can be displayed for the operators Recent SCADA systems are able to offer high resolution computer graphics to display a graphical user interface or m
17. prietary The major improvement in the third generation is that of opening the system architecture utilizing open standards and protocols and making it possible to distribute SCADA functionality across a Current Trends in Technology and Sciences Volume 1 Issue 1 May June 2012 WAN and not just a LAN The major improvement in third generation SCADA systems comes from the use of WAN protocols such as the Internet Protocol IP for communication between the master station and communications equipment This allows the portion of the master station that is responsible for communications with the field devices to be separated from the master station proper across a WAN Vendors are now producing RTUs that can communicate with the master station using an Ethernet connection Figure 4 represents a networked SCADA system Phe ate SCADA Wmi Legacy Reeds Terr liry Fig 4 Networked SCADA System F SCADA Protocols In a SCADA system the RTU accepts commands to operate control points sets analog output levels and responds to requests It provides status analog and accumulated data to the SCADA master station The data representations sent are not identified in any fashion other than by unique addressing The addressing is designed to correlate with the SCADA master station database The RTU has no knowledge of which unique parameters it is monitoring in the real world It simply monitors certain points and stores t
18. rm logic functions 1 PLC has several known features including flexibility reliability low power consumption and ease of expandability The software abstraction level changes mere requirement in extending and optimizing the control process rather than internal rewiring 2 3 Industrial control system ICS is a general term that encompasses several types of control systems including supervisory control and data acquisition SCADA systems distributed control systems DCS and other smaller control system configurations such as skid mounted Programmable Logic Controllers PLC often found in the industrial sectors and critical infrastructures ICSs are typically used in industries such as electrical water oil and gas chemical transportation pharmaceutical pulp and paper SCADA systems became popular to arise the efficient monitoring and control of distributed remote equipment s 4 PLC can have the communication with SCADA through tags of information 5 In literature many reports are found pertinent to successful integration of PLC with SCADA for number of applications 6 7 Today SCADA systems include operator level software applications for viewing supervising and troubleshooting local machines and process activities Powerful software technologies are used for controlling and monitoring equipment s in easy to use web based applications In today scenario in control industries many more sophisticated instruments are i
19. s F Disconnect the contactors which connect the Generators to the System a connect the contactors which connect the Municipality s Electricity to the System K T T Determine which generator is turn on in the system F Turn off the generators il Connect the power to all department t F The end of this Y 7 task F Fig 8 Municipality Electricity is ON SCADA can turn off the contactor by turn off the PLC output which is connected to relay before the contactor also can determine which generator is on by checking the feedback input of that generator and connecting the power to all departments mean connect it to all load Copyright 2012 CTTS IN All right reserved Current Trends in Technology and Sciences Volume 1 Issue 1 May June 2012 Current Trends in Technology amp Sciences available Non Essential load Essential load and Essential Essential load e OFF Municipality Electricity Off Municipality s Electricity Disconnect the non essential load Read the last value of the power before breaking the Municipality s Electricity es yes Figure 11 Main Page If the power is smaller than 80 of the small generator s full load Do the large generator task Do the small generator task When the user chooses the system monitor the system monitor page will open and show the distribution power for whole system power station
20. t Q Fig 2 Typical First Generation SCADA Architecture Remote Terminal Unit Remote Terminal Unit 2 Distributed SCADA Systems The next generation of SCADA systems took advantage of developments and improvement in system miniaturization and Local Area Networking LAN technology to distribute the processing across multiple systems Multiple stations each with a specific function were connected to a LAN and shared information with each other in real time These stations were typically of the mini computer class smaller and less expensive than their first generation processors Some of these distributed stations served as communications processors primarily communicating with field devices such as RTUs Figure 3 depicts typical second generation SCADA architecture Commutation Bo oe Remote Terminal Una Cheats tmp n A Stabon Wide Ares Network WAN i yy VY Gy V G as Ofer foray Opi atesg Staton Sertion Xd Bip ote Lota Aree Meteor Terrreral Uret Fig 3 Typical Second Generation SCADA Architecture 3 NETWORKED SCADA SYSTEMS The current generation of SCADA master station architecture is closely related to that of the second generation with the primary difference being that of open system architecture rather than a vendor controlled proprietary environment There are still multiple networked systems sharing master station functions There are still RTUs utilizing protocols that are vendor pro
21. te applications LabVIEW uses dataflow programming where the flow of data determines execution LabVIEW builds a user interface with a set of tools and objects The user interface is known as the front panel A code is then added using Current Trends in Technology and Sciences Volume 1 Issue 1 May June 2012 graphical representations of functions to control the front panel objects The block diagram contains this code In some ways the block diagram resembles a flowchart LabVIEW contains the following three components e Front panel Serves as the user interface e Block diagram Contains the graphical source code that defines the functionality of the VI e Icon and connector pane Identifies the VI so that can be used in another VI A VI within another VI is called a sub VI A sub VI corresponds to a subroutine in text based programming languages Palettes LabVIEW palettes give the options need to create and edit the front panel and block diagram C DSC Module The DSC Module extends the LabVIEW graphical development environment with additional functionality for the rapid development of distributed measurement control and high channel count monitoring applications The DSC Module also enhances the LabVIEW shared variable Use the shared variable to access and pass data among several VIs in a LabVIEW project or across a network A shared variable can represent a value or an I O point With the DSC Module you can log data aut
22. u can publish and receive data from any application in the same way giving you the power to connect diverse applications easily 6 SIMULATION For getting more clear result the proposed SCADA will be simulated firstly in order to test its distinguishing ability and fast ability in response At last the SCADA will be applied to real time application the Shifa Hospital in Gaza has been taking as case study Gaza Palestine is suffering of electricity shortage many independent generators are used to overcome the electricity shortage the proposed SCADA is designed to organized and control the electricity in Shifa Hospital A Steps of Aplying SCADA The flow chart technique is applied to explain the steps of SCADA Current Trends in Technology and Sciences Volume 1 Issue 1 May June 2012 Reading the current Reading the No Check the Municipality s Electricity Start the OFF Tatah Start the ON Memipa S Municipality s Electricity Electricity Fig 7 Starting Steps The process of ON municipality electricity status and the OFF municipality electricity status are showed in Figure 8 and Figure 9 respectfully A transformer is connected to a processing circuit before connect it to the input channel of the PLC To read the voltage a simple transformer is used which has an analog DC output and connect it to the input channel of the PLC e ON Municipality Electricity ia ON Municipality s Electricity
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