LIST OF FIGURES
Contents
1. K Transient Voltage Suppressors STAINLESS STEEL TILTMETER CASE ITTI EARTH GROUND Tiltmeter Case Figure 14 Transient voltage suppressors Model 510 version 90510 03 B 89 1015 Rev B 23 10 Recording Data with External Recorders The low impedance voltage outputs of Model 510 can be measured by a wide variety of recorders including digital voltmeters oscilloscopes strip chart recorders digital data loggers and PC based data acquisition systems Follow the instructions for connecting single ended or differential signals to the input channels of your data acquisition equipment and you will be ready to record The amplifiers in Model 510 have been used to drive cables as long 1500m in previous projects 11 Converting Measurements to Tilt Angles and Temperatures Your tiltmeter s voltage outputs are quickly converted to tilt angles by dividing them by the scale factor of the gain setting that you are using see Appendix B For example if the scale factor is 50 mV microradian 0 050 volt microradian and the voltage output reading is 0 300 volt then the tilt angle is 6 0 microradians from sensor null Be sure to use the single ended scale factor if you are recording single ended outputs and the differential scale factor if your outputs are differential The output voltage of the temperature channel is converted to temperature by dividing by the temperature scale factor of 10 mV C 0 0102. FLAT HEAD SCREW FLAT HEAD SCREW TILT SENSOR ASSEMBLI 7 PRINTED CIRCUIT ASSEMBLY WITH LEVELING MECHA END CAP Figure 4 Cutaway view of tiltmeter B 89 1015 Rev B 7 SENSOR HOLDER A Jf BUDE LIMIT O SWITCH TENSION SPRING CENTER POSITION T POSITION Figure 5 Detail of sensor leveling mechanism B 89 1015 Rev B HINGES 2 FE GASKET SEAL Poy S N N 19 PIN CONNECTOR TO BOR EHOLE TILTMETER EDTHRU 14 PIN CONNECTOR TO MOTOR CONTROL UNIT Figure 6 Closed switch box showing connectors and feedthrough B 89 1015 Rev B APPLIED SSN GEOMECHANICS 500 SERIES TILTMETER AAA l CD l ian E BS 2 Y TEMP SIG ESD GND GND B 89 1015 Rev B Figure 7 Inside of switch box showing control panel A IN 10 25 m 7 i a Fa X Y e Nm NM L LI L L
3. e AA LS DOC N UV 64199 N a 3015 3184V9 84199 N d IS WALINLTIL HAL A 30v3 LP JOLIMS lavo er r A 9 zi I m or e lt 3 wa pz z g rate E I T O S I l 4 7 La La o 5 la ken D I a z u n I LI I I a A ro 6 si T p HOLOM A I ii b Pal n a YOLON x gt 40 1 N ENER GE EE J Sadar ee n ICON UU Y B 89 1015 Rev B B Connectors and Wiring Wiring diagrams for the three versions of the Model 510 Geodetic Borehole Tiltmeter are presented in Figures B 1 B 2 and B 3 Connectors are labeled J1 through J7 PIK and P2Y on the wiring diagrams and are found at the following locations DB15 subminiature connector on top end of printed circuit assembly inside tiltmeter In line connector that joins upper and lower sections of motor control and limit switch wires inside tiltmeter Normally replaced by solder splices 19 pin connectors that joins tiltmeter cable to switch box 14 pin connector that joins switch box to jumper cable 14 pin connector that joins jumper cable to Motor Control Unit identical to J4 Terminal strip inside switch box 2Y Connect
4. Connector U 12 Volts DO i D V Power Ground N __ Transient Voltage Suppressors XXS CAN ENE ERAS OOOO STAINLESS STEEL TILTMETER CASE TT EARTH GROUND Tilimeter Case Figure 12 Transient voltage suppressors Model 510 version 90510 01 B 89 1015 Rev B 22 WA 13 KE Naja a 14 15 CEE 6 Fo GT pe 16 hoo 12 o S 15 6 10 Lo 2 04 5 No o 1 Xx oo EC Wi 6 SS ui 5 J7 Tiltmeter 3 Connector Face nae X out X oul Y out Y ou Gain No 3 Filter X Motor Control Y Motor Control Motor Return SIGNAL Range Limit Range Limit 12 VDC CONDITIONING CIRCUITRY Signal Ground Temperature 12 Volts DC Power Ground Transient Voltage Suppressors STAINLESS STEEL TILTMETER CASE TT EARTH GROUND Tiltmeter Case Figure 13 Transient voltage suppressors Model 510 version 90510 02 oan DUBU 11 J7 Tiltmeter Connector Face pins X out X out Y ou Y out Gain No 2 Gain No 3 X Motor Control Y Motor Control Motor Return SIGNAL 12 VDO CONDITIONING CIRCUITRY 12 Volts DC 12 Power Ground
5. 1 is lowest gain setting 3 highest gain Section 4 1 and Appendix D give scale factors for each gain setting LOW BATTERY Flashing light indicates when voltage supplied at 12V terminal strip position drops below 11 VDC Because power consumption is greater than power consumption the positive battery typically is first to fall below the allowable input voltage range 5 2 Terminal Strip Connections All power input and signal output connections are made on the terminal strip inside the switch box To operate the tiltmeter you simply connect it to the switch box apply DC power to the terminal strip as explained below and turn the power switch to ON Functions of the terminals are as follows X X tilt channel output When recording a single ended value this signal is referenced to SIG GND When recording a differential value this signal is referenced to X X channel output multiplied by 1 K Y Y tilt channel output When recording a single ended value this signal is referenced to SIG GND When recording a differential value this signal is referenced to Y Y channel output multiplied by 1 TEMP Temperature sensor output This value is a single ended signal and is referenced to SIG GND SIG GND Reference ground for the single ended outputs of the tiltmeter SIG GND and PWR GND are common inside the tiltmeter but not inside the switch box ESD GND This terminal is provided for grounding
6. 11 01479 CAP CABLE END 10 00109 8 O RING 2 9 00109 10 O RING 2 8 00210 04 SHCS 4 40 X 3 8 SS 6 7 00236 01 SPACER 4 X 4 LONG PHENOLIC 6 6 84200 PCB ASS Y MODEL 510 5 00210 36 SHCS 10 24 X 1 2 2 4 01230 BRACKET PCB SUPPORT 3 00210 47 SHCS 10 24 X 3 4 4 2 01207 END SUPPORT PCB STRONGBACK 2 01208 PCB STRONGBACK ODEL 510 BOREHOLE TILTMETER ECTION CIRCUIT ASSEMBLY HOUSING Figure A 1 30 7 PCB HOUSING SUBASSEMBLY P N 84510 A PP AN PE ON a E A ep x DI ADA Ko 6 E p 4 ie R s KG fi QT 8 6X Wd Lpr AP Ku e 2 2X a sa ETA AD 9 Ga ITEM PART NUMBER DESCRIPTION QTY 10 01203 CAP BOTTOM TUBE END 1 9 01201 NUT RETAINER 1 8 00282 02 SET SCREW 10 24 X 3 8 SOCKET 6 P 00211 43 FHMS 1 4 28 X 3 8 SOCKET 4 6 01204 TUBE SENSOR ASS Y HOUSING 1 5 01202 SPACER SENSOR ASS Y 2 4 00146 ROLL PIN 1 4 DIA X 1 2 5 3 86815 SENSOR LEVELING ASS Y 2 2 00109 9 O RING 4 1 00102 09 DOWEL PIN 1 4 DIA X 3 8 1 MODEL 510 BOREHOLE TILTMETER LOWER SECTION SENSOR ASSEMBLY HOUSING Figure A 2 B 89 1015 Rev B 32 Figure B 1 LO 0LS06 A T8INSISSV AVYHDVIG ONIHIM OLS TICON OLI 9 N d 205 KOH HOLIMS ehre a 92129 N d 3015 JYO 3015 1NZNOJWNOO 09YO9 Dd In SL 10609 N d 2305 LINN 1810 XO HOLIMS 20609 N d 3015 3180 3015
7. B 40 B 4 Tiltmeter Version 90510 03 Connectors at J3 and J7 This version incorporates a 12 pin neoprene high pressure connector J7 into the tiltmeter cable head The tiltmeter cable is detachable At the opposite end of the cable is the same 19 pin connector J3 used in versions 90510 01 and 02 The table below gives pin assignment for both connectors The wire colors apply to a standard Subconn 12 conductor SO cable whip Figure B 3 is the wiring diagram for this tiltmeter version J3 Pin J7Pin Function Wire Color in Subconn SO Whip A 1 X Out Black B 2 X Out White C 3 Y Out Red D 4 Y Out Green E 5 Gain 2 Control Orange F 6 Gain 3 Control Blue H 7 X Motor Control White Black R 10 12 VDC Orange Black U 11 12 VDC Blue Black V 12 Power Ground Black White M lt IB AG SN 2 N P S 4 AN HE wx E E A gt KO O O O OID GA A A KL L N a LJ E O N N ER LS J N gt 4 a A E SC amp C AN E Sie A gt A ul SS NA s PA Mee e gt Q J Figure B 10 L 19 pin connector at J3 face view cable side R 12 pin connector at J7 face view tiltmeter side Version 90510 03 B 89 1015 Rev B 41 C Gain Filter and Motor Control In deep well and subsea applications our customers may wish to build their own control system for switching tiltmeter gains and filters for operating the sensor leveling motors and for indicating when the limits of sensor range adjustment have
8. earthing of shield of tiltmeter cable see Section 9 Connect 11 to 15 volts DC to this terminal PWR GND Connect the power ground power common to this terminal Connect 11 to 15 volts DC to this terminal B 89 1015 Rev B 14 6 Tiltmeter Operation Using the Motor Control Unit The Model 591 Motor Control Unit has two functions 1 Mechanical adjustment of the X and Y tilt sensors after the tiltmeter 1s installed in a borehole and 2 Visual display of the output voltages of the two tilt channels during guick checks in the field or laboratory 6 1 Meaning of the Controls and Indicators All connections controls and indicators are on the Model 591 control panel Figure 8 and are described below Sensor leveling mechanisms can be operated only when POWER switch is ON 12 volt power is supplied from the tiltmeter switch box Selects the sensor leveling motor X or Y to which power is supplied MOTOR Selects direction of tilt adjustment forward or reverse This control was set in the factory so that tilt output becomes more negative when switch is set for reverse 00 Output becomes more positive in the forward setting each voltage pulse is supplied to the motor RANGE LIMIT These lights illuminate when a sensor leveling mechanism reaches the or end of its adjustment range Figure 5 If a range limit light goes on while the sensor output is at the opposite extreme of its voltage ran
9. 1 Sensing Principle Model 510 senses angular movement with respect to the vertical gravity vector using two electrolytic tilt sensors The sensors measure rotations in two orthogonal vertical planes The vector sum of the rotations in both planes yields the direction and magnitude of rotation of the tiltmeter The sensors in Model 510 can be described as electronic spirit levels Figure 3a They operate on the fundamental principle that a bubble in a liguid filled case tends to remain stationary with respect to the B 89 1015 Rev B 1 vertical gravity vector As the sensor tilts the glass case moves around the internal bubble and platinum electrodes implanted in the walls of the case Figure 3b move into or out of the conductive liguid Changes in the electrode area covered by liquid give rise to resistance changes between the excitation and pick up electrodes These changes are proportional to the tilt The sensors in your tiltmeter operate as AC potentiometers capable of detecting even the smallest rotational movements The tiltmeter electronics excite the sensors with a stable 1 kHz reference voltage then amplify rectify and filter the sensor output to form high level DC signals proportional to the tilt angle These signals can be read and recorded by all standard high input impedance recording devices Figure 1 Model 510 Geodetic Borehole Tiltmeter cable and switch box B 89 1015 Rev B 2 Figure 2 Model 510 Geodetic Boreh
10. 11 X Gain 2 Control Gray 12 X Gain 3 Control White Gray Stripe 13 Y Filter Control White 14 Y Gain 2 Control Gray 15 Y Gain 3 Control White Gray Stripe ATA O O L J e O O O R N 1 L Figure B 5 Pin numbering at J1 B 89 1015 Rev B 36 Figure B 6 Model 510 printed circuit assembly showing location of DB15 connector Jl at end of circuit board B 89 1015 Rev B 37 Connectors J4 and J5 are identical and are at opposite ends of the jumper cable that connects the Model 591 Motor Control Unit to the switch box Pin assignments for these connectors are the same for all versions of the tiltmeter and are shown below Pin at J4 and JS Function Wire Color in Jumper Cable P N 79009 A X Out Green Y Out Blue X Range Limit Green White Dot X Range Limit Red White Dot ES Y Motor Control Orange Motor Return Orange Black Dot Signal Ground Red Black Dot 12 Volts DC Red Power Ground Black Not Used ln lr mal EA M Figure B 7 14 pin connector at J4 and J5 face view cable side B 89 1015 Rev B Y Range Limit Blue White Dot Y Range Limit White X Motor Control Green Black Dot 38 B 2 Tiltmeter Version 90510 01 19 Pin Connector at J3 The tiltmeter cable exits this version at the cable head through a compression fitting comprised of a jam nut and rubber grommet Figures 4 and A 1 rated to an external pressure of 5 bars 72 psi The
11. 3015 FIEVO MIA 3064 SP oP OND OND OND MELT Md AZl OSI DS dial A OLL 9 N d 30IS XOB HO 3018 Ze MIA 3092 Er 19199 N d 015 NAVI 94199 N d 305 YILINLIL AQIS YILINLIL MIA 39v4 An f o or Of oa of Let ep OZIE9 N d 3018 378V0 AER SL DEE I EEE cale EE YOLIINNOD S180 Eno NS HK r sara pare TT 1 La H Atd D I Tomo A 1 ka Le on MES 3 a p h H aana A 5 L E I ee x 9 EN 1 or tae K J a a 1 5 Xid ei AVTESIO A ald oF ts E si Sub E i n AYISI X D E v v v a 9 ect m lt Fe ASS ayo os Le 4 i hah al LORO n S LI Gr T GANING LI Y 1 I a A A 7 z 00248 gt gt n z T Wa Ir L AMA L LAR a k s d LINN A ANA La AN at 7 7 N 2 LINN A 4 ANAA an Mi 9 9 kj t LINN X WA L 4 an au w 1 M SC LINN X A L La TI E EJ Lo H HOLON A H H r 5 d D Se LT 5 5 H zoron S SIOMdS 430105 HO ad oF 5 oR SI T cr A A E J 314V23 EE u d AA A IN YIdNNA 3 LINN TOJLNOD SOLOW xog HOL IL 3L TL 168 1300N 3015 ININOdNO9 AUVOE 04 IF Figure B 2 33 B 89 1015 Rev B 34 Figure B 3
12. 3189 MIA 30V4 SP 0 I T I OND OND I AZI Md DIS dWal AT A X x I I EE e I YOLOINNOI siga I I I Nyo a i FINS HTA GTA 1 i A Ke H Atd z I I T i no PA H i S ARR i LEN E T T 1 ka 3 FR No d Ly A l ha k gt L I m e 1 1 o Pri 11 t Te Xid fez E a 7 TT i Ta Le AWIdSIG A z A ak J a I Anasa x L i PI x v H s L L 2 TRE CE MEN ON9 915 IL t CR r r S L I I LL 1 03LNISd H DR TT i t tt i 1 z 00278 1 4 HE H Le N d DUI i d I DI I I DI LUI I I I d NA L L an M 3 3 d si LINN A DUI M S 3 x La L AR u DI M L il LAR Ge 3 3 n LIAN X WANA Ho d py TN r O a 1 7 mn x II DI i S A I I i P 1 A TT HOLOM SK H n T gi I No Li fe dl S Sec eN 5 9 H L l HOLON X MA bon I SP vr N skrapes NAN A AE J 318v9 ENE abang E el A A YIdwnr EVI AIG LINN TONLNOD YOLON NC YILINLIIL OLS TION L6G 1300 B 89 1015 Rev B 10609 N d S30IS LINN 1819 XOB HOLIMS 20609 N d 3018 418V9
13. 7 Limit switches on the sides of the sensor holder Figure 5 turn on an indicator light in the Model 591 Motor Control Unit when the adjustment range limit is reached Limit switches are omitted in tiltmeter version 90510 03 Because a large gear reduction ratio is used thousands of revolutions of the DC motor are required to move the sensor holder by a fraction of a degree This design results in very fine control of the angular position of the sensors when the tiltmeter is installed in a borehole It is possible to move each sensor to within 1 or 2 microradians of the desired position using the Model 591 Motor Control Unit The two tubular stainless steel housings are joined in the middle by a massive stainless steel center joint with double O ring seals on both sides Figure 4 Double O rings also seal the top cable head and bottom ends of the tiltmeter In version 90510 01 the cable enters the tiltmeter through a compression fitting rated to an external pressure of 5 bars In versions 90510 02 and 90510 03 the cable mates with a high pressure 20 000 psi connector at the top end of the tiltmeter A 19 pin connector joins the cable to the switch box in all three versions of the tiltmeter WARNING The cable is not designed to support the weight of the tiltmeter Never pull or lift the tiltmeter using the cable because damage to the internal electrical connections may result Always lift the tiltmeter using the steel handle or support it fr
14. LI L S 6 Sy cm 15 9 O O MOTOR POWER inches 15 6 Sy y 4 A Y reverse e J rward off o on 6 25 T T gt APPLIED IN SY CD NI NW Y GEOMECHANICS MODEL 591 MOTOR CONTROL Li WIDTH RATE A A d O W Figure 8 Control panel Model 591 Motor Control Unit B 89 1015 Rev B 4 System Specifications 4 1 Tiltmeter Performance TILT OUTPUT Two orthogonal tilt channels Single ended and differential analog outputs proportional to tilt are provided only differential in version 90510 03 TILT RESOLUTION lt 10 nanoradians OUTPUT VOLTAGE RANGE e Approx 7 VDC single ended 14 VDC differential in gain setting 1 Approx 8 VDC single ended 16 VDC differential in gain settings 2 and 3 gain 2 omitted in version 90510 02 TILT SCALE FACTORS Single ended 5 50 and 500 mV uradian in gain settings 1 2 and 3 Differential 10 100 and 1000 mV uradian in gain settings 1 2 and 3 These scale factors are approximate see Appendix D for details Two 2 pole Butterworth filters roll off 12 dB octave 40 dB decade above corner frequency fo 1 2m e Time constants t 0 1 second filter OFF and 20 seconds filter ON OUTPUT IMPEDANCE 270 ohms short circuit and surge protected TEMPERATURE OUTPUT 10 mV C single ended 0 mV 0 C 40 to 100 C range 0 75 C accuracy No temperature output in ve
15. and 12 pin connectors 90510 03 eee 41 Figure C 1 Gain control for Model 510 Tiltmeter 42 Figure C2 X and Y channel filter CONtrol ss 43 Figure C 3 Tiltmeter motor control circuit ss 43 Figure C 4 Motor control timing for Model 510 Tiltmeter AA 44 Figure C 5 Adjustment range limit indicator circuit ss 44 B 89 1015 Rev B ii 1 Read This First Your tiltmeter was tested thoroughly before shipment and was in perfect working condition when it left our factory To verify that it was not damaged in transit please perform the initial check out procedure explained in Section 7 immediately upon receipt Also please familiarize yourself with the maintenance procedures in Section 12 1 and the cautions and warnings summarized in Section 13 before beginning to use your tiltmeter Understanding its basic operating requirements will help ensure that your new tiltmeter provides many years of trouble free service 2 Introduction Congratulations You have purchased the most sensitive production tiltmeter in the world today The Model 510 Borehole Tiltmeter Figure 1 is a dual axis biaxial analog output tiltmeter designed for field applications requiring the ultimate in sensitivity stability and ruggedness Applications include measurement of volcanic and tectonic ground movements study of earth tides hydraulic fracture mapping investigation of the material properties o
16. cable Applied Geomechanics P N 70360 has 20 conductors sized at 24 AWG overall foil and braided shields and one drain wire Of the 20 conductors 19 are used The shield is shorted to the ESD GND terminal in the switch box through the shell of the J3 connector Figure B 1 The cable jacket is polyurethane Nominal diameter is 10 2 mm 0 40 inch Figure B 1 shows the wiring of this version of Model 510 Pin assignments at J3 are as follows J3 Pin 4 Function Wire Color in Tiltmeter Cable P N 70360 A X Out Green B X Out White Green Stripe C Y Out Blue D Y Out White Blue Stripe E Gain 2 Control Gray F Gain 3 Control White Gray Stripe myo Filter Control White X Motor Control Orange J Y Motor Control Brown K Motor Return White Orange Stripe L X Range Limit White Red Stripe M X Range Limit White Purple Stripe N Y Range Limit White Yellow Stripe P Y Range Limit White Black Stripe R 12 Volts DC Purple S Signal Ground White Brown T Temperature Yellow U 12 Volts DC Red V Power Ground Black White with Black amp Brown Stripes 2 wires in one pin Connector Shell ESD Ground Drain Wire Cable Shield M E IB EG A O N U V H KIO O O OJD J Figure B 8 19 pin connector at J3 face view cable side B 89 1015 Rev B 39 B 3 Tiltmeter Version 90510 02 Connectors at J3 and J7 This version incorporates a 16 pin stainless steel high pressure co
17. hand and coupled to the walls of the hole using clean sand poured in from above The maximum practical depth for installation in this manner is typically in the range of 10 15m Model 510 tiltmeters versions 90510 02 and 90510 03 have been installed at depths greater than 1000m using technigues derived from the oil and gas industry In these cases the functions of the Motor Control Unit have been provided by special control systems developed for the project If you plan on a deep well installation please contact Applied Geomechanics for assistance Because your Model 510 tiltmeter is so sensitive it easily detects ground movements caused by cultural activity traffic emptying and filling of tanks etc and environmental changes temperature barometric pressure rainfall These effects are attenuated as depth increases but can have magnitudes of microradians to tens of microradians in the first 5m below the ground surface For optimum performance operate your tiltmeter in a constant temperature environment as far as possible from the effects of cultural activity Borehole installations should be at least 3 meters deep and preferably deeper A borehole in an underground mine or deep tunnel is a very stable operating environment if traffic and other cultural effects are absent Before installing the tiltmeter in a borehole 1t 1s generally a good idea for the sensor leveling mechanisms to be in the center of their operating range To do this stand th
18. readings to your tilt measurements Wetting drying and freezing of the ground cause near surface ground deformations These deformations are unpredictable but may be recognized by comparing your tilt data to rainfall and surface temperature records Because these deformations diminish with depth the effect is smaller for deeper tiltmeter installations 13 Summary of Cautions and Warnings Cautions and warnings have been included throughout this manual to help you keep your tiltmeter system in peak operating condition Please review them Violation of a warning is guaranteed to cause a problem Violating a caution may cause a problem and is definitely not recommended For convenience the cautions and warnings given in this manual are summarized below e Warning The cable is not designed to support the weight of the tiltmeter Never pull or lift the tiltmeter using the cable because damage to the internal electrical connections may result Always lift the tiltmeter using the steel handle or support it from below e Caution Keep the insides of the switch box and the Model 591 Motor Control Unit dry at all times Water damage to their internal components voids the warranty e Warning The switch box and the Model 591 Motor Control Unit are not waterproof and should never be submerged e Caution Always cover the hole after tiltmeter installation An open hole is dangerous e Caution Your tiltmeter should not be opened without first reviewing dis
19. record filtered tilt measurements switch the tiltmeter FILTER to ON in the switch box Allow 1 2 minutes for the filter to saturate Verify that the output is still between 8 and 8 volts If it is not turn the FILTER to OFF and adjust the sensor in the desired direction Then turn the FILTER to ON and wait until the output stabilizes Repeat this process until the output remains within the 8 volt output range of the amplifiers when the FILTER is ON Turn the FILTER to OFF and switch the tiltmeter GAIN to 37 in the switch box Another jump in output of about 10x should occur Continue leveling the sensor as in step 8 above The WIDTH and RATE dials need to be set in slow counter clockwise positions because the tiltmeter is now running at a very high gain and small adjustments will produce large output changes Quickly pressing and releasing the PULSE button will help you make fine adjustments If you plan to record filtered tilt measurements repeat step 10 until the output is near 0 volts in GAIN setting 3 with the FILTER in the ON setting After leveling the first tilt sensor select the second sensor using the AXIS switch and repeat steps 6 12 With a little practice you will be able to level your tilt sensors quickly and precisely using the Model 591 Motor Control Unit Some Useful Tips About Sensor Leveling It is generally a good idea to install the tiltmeter at the middle of its sensing range i e With the output near
20. volt C Section 4 1 For example the temperature corresponding to 0 264 volts is 26 4 C 12 Maintenance and Troubleshooting Basic maintenance and diagnostic procedures are discussed below Apart from these procedures your Model 510 Tiltmeter is not field serviceable Should you encounter problems not described here please contact Applied Geomechanics in California for assistance You may reach us at telephone 831 462 2801 fax 831 462 4418 or email applied geomechanics com service engineer will assist you in determining the cause of the problem whether the tiltmeter should be returned to the factory for repair or if it can be repaired in the field Caution Your tiltmeter should not be opened without first reviewing disassembly assembly instructions available from Applied Geomechanics WARNING IF THE TILTMETER IS OPENED NEVER USE AN OHMMETER TO MEASURE THE TILT SENSORS INSIDE THE TILTMETER APPLYING DC CURRENT THROUGH THE SENSORS WILL CAUSE PERMANENT DAMAGE THAT IS NOT COVERED BY THE WARRANTY 12 1 Routine Maintenance If properly maintained your Model 510 Tiltmeter and Model 591 Motor Control Unit will give you many years of trouble free service Routine maintenance should include regular cleaning of dust dirt water and oil from the tiltmeter connectors and control panels of the switch box and Motor Control Unit Accumulation of dirt or water on electrical connections can cause short circuits noisy output and other
21. 0 volts on both channels This way you will have the maximum dynamic range available for operational readings When your tiltmeter is installed in shallow boreholes your body weight elastically deforms the ground you are standing on and can tilt your instrument When you move away the ground rebounds changing the B 89 1015 Rev B 16 readings To minimize this effect try to locate yourself as far from the borehole as possible while adjusting the sensors Mechanical settling of the tiltmeter in the borehole typically occurs over a period of several days or even weeks after installation For this reason the sensors may need to be releveled several times during the early period of deployment 7 Initial Check Out Procedures Upon receipt of your tiltmeter and before each installation verify that it is functioning properly by following the steps below These steps will familiarize you with its operation and should be performed by everyone who will use it To perform this procedure you will need the following equipment e One 1 Model 591 Motor Control Unit one 1 digital voltmeter and one 1 12 volt DC power source or two 12 volt batteries CHECK OUT PROCEDURE 1 Set the bottom of the tiltmeter on a hard flat horizontal surface Use a bubble level placed on top of the tiltmeter to approximately level it Secure the tiltmeter to a chair or table using tape or straps to keep it from falling over 2 Connect the power supply or bat
22. 000000000 24 12 MAINTENANCE AND TROUBLESHOOTING 600000000000000 000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 000000000000 ense 24 12 1 ROUTINE MAINTENANCE sz kikke AL Leni Lalla Lai Ba ris 24 12 2 CHANGING THE 9 VOLT BATTERY IN THE MOTOR CONTROL UNITA 25 12 3 PROBLEMS YOU MIGHT ENCOUNTER TES hek ena Sa non 25 12 3 1 NO Output cid a NANG NINEN anaa REREN NA o ri 25 12 3 2 EE 26 12 3 3 NOS EIERE sahasa ostne 26 12 3 4 Daily and Seasonal Output Fluctuations nean eee on on on tn trn 26 13 SUMMARY OF CAUTIONS AND WARNINGS 660000000000 sss ss 0000000000000000 000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 snov nose 27 14 WARRANTY AND ASSISTANCE ii a a vda 59 00500685 9 eran rr 28 B 89 1015 Rev B 1 A TILTMETER ASSEMBLY DETAILS sirrini iiiaio cisions einiino esiri iana eiia a 29 B CONNECTORS AND WIRING sense 35 B 1 CONNECTORS COMMON TO ALL VERSIONS ii 35 B 2 TILTMETER VERSION 90510 01 19 PIN CONNECTOR AT J3 39 B 3 TILTMETER VERSION 90510 02 CONNECTORS AT J3 AND JT 40 BA TILTMETER VERSION 90510 03 CONNECTORS AT J3 AND JT 41 C GAIN FILTER AND MOTOR CONTROL 066000000000000 00000000000000 00000 000000000000 s nenen ereer eee 42 D CALIBRATION DATA FOR YOUR TILTMETER esse 45 List Of Figures Figure 1 Model 510 Geodetic Borehole Tltmeter anan ii 2 Figure 2 Model 510 Geodetic Borehole Tiltmeter with Model 591 Motor Control Unit 3 Figure 3a Electrolyti
23. BOX eeesesseesesvsvessesevensvseesensssvessnnsssennnneesennnssessnnsssensnsee 14 5 1 MEANING OF THE CONTROLS AND LOW BATTERY INDICATOR 14 5 2 TERMINAL STRIP CONNECTIONS EES 14 6 TILTMETER OPERATION USING THE MOTOR CONTROL UNIT sssossvsvesesvsvessnesseensnseesenssssessnssssensnsee 15 6 1 MEANING OF THE CONTROLS AND INDICATORS trt etere e erete ereere rererererere 15 6 2 USING THE MOTOR CONTROL UNIT TO LEVEL THE TILT SENSORS 15 7 INITIAL CHECK OUT PROCEDURES eeesooseeeensvseessnesseensnssssensnseesensnseensesssssnsnsessensnnsensnnsnsennnnessensnsesnsnnsseennnne 17 8 INSTALLING YOUR TILTMETER IN A BOREHOLE sesesooossvseesensvsvenseesseensnsesssnsnnsensnnsssennnsessensnseessnnsssensnne 19 Sal GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS ees A NU RO RS 19 8 2 SHALLOW BOREHOLE PREPARATION sss sese 19 8 3 INSTALLATION PROCEDURE rerrrerevererererererererererevereverererererererererevererevevevererevevevevevevevevevevevevevevevevevevevevenevevenevener 20 9 GROUNDING AND TRANSIENT PROTECT ION ccssssccssssccsssssecsssscccesssccscssscccessscccessssccscssssecssssccessnees 21 9 1 POWER AND SIGNAL GROUNDS PWR GND AND SIG ONDi i 21 9 2 BARTHNG ESD GND ege ra tte ed hee K 22 10 RECORDING DATA WITH EXTERNAL RECORDERS 00000000000000000 000000000000 0000000000000000 00000000000000 oaeee 24 11 CONVERTING MEASUREMENTS TO TILT ANGLES AND TEMPERATURES 6600000000000000000 0
24. The Motor Control Unit Figures 2 and 8 is used for leveling the tilt sensors after the tiltmeter has been installed in a borehole This unit connects to the switch box via a jumper cable with 14 pin multi turn connectors at each end Digital displays on the Motor Control Unit indicate the outputs of the X and Y tilt sensors in volts The control switches are used to operate the motors in the tiltmeter and thereby adjust the tilt angle of the sensors With a little practice you should be able to adjust the sensors to within a few microradians of null every time The Motor Control Unit warns you when you approach the end of the sensor s mechanically adjustable range Range limit indicator lights turn on when you are near the 7 and 7 range limits Figure 8 The range limit lights are not active in tiltmeter version 90510 03 Power for the digital displays is provided by a 9 volt battery inside the unit Power to operate the tiltmeter motors is obtained from the switch box Motor control circuitry is presented in Appendix C When its lid is closed your Motor Control Unit is protected from light rain and splashes It is not waterproof and should never be submerged B 89 1015 Rev B 6 CIRCUIT ASSEMBY HOUSING Q r RE Se IE CENTER JOINT ENSOR ASSEMBY HOUSING a BLE DLE NUT CABLE HEAD r T
25. User s Manual Model 510 Geodetic Borehole Tiltmeter and Model 591 Motor Control Unit Serial No Version 90510 01 with cable compression fitting 90510 02 with 16 pin high pressure connector 90510 03 with 12 pin high pressure connector Applied Geomechanics Incorporated 1336 Brommer Street Santa Cruz CA 95062 USA Tel 831 462 2801 Fax 831 462 4418 applied geomechanics com www geomechanics com Copyright 1999 Applied Geomechanics Inc All rights reserved Manual B 89 1015 Rev B Table of Contents 1 READ THIS FIRST se en nr rss 5555 suasbees Tlak A alli 1 2 INTRODUCTION sense 99 a ka AV Ta TT 1 3 DESCRIPTION OF MODEL 510 TILTMETER SYSTEM 0000000000000000 000000 0000000000000000 000000000000 0000000000000000 0ee00ne 1 IL BOREHOLE AMET a 1 3 1 1 Sensing Principle acondicionar ais 1 AZ MECA AUD i ion IN IRENE I A RIE IR E I eni 5 3 1 3 Electrical EE 5 32 SWITCH BOX hl lende este eee 6 3 3 MODEL 591 MOTOR CONTROL UNIT see 6 4 SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS iissssessicscsscsdsescsssensasssiesscosesesesesesesscevesbesieeisoesesesednadeessoncessesodieesbevseasssacedesisesiessseess 12 4 1 TILTMETER PERFORMANCE eee 12 4 2 MOTOR CONTROL UNIT PERFORMANCE ccccccccncncncncnnnnonononononononononononononnnnnnnnnononnnnnnnnnnnnnnnononononononononononoceneneneneses 12 4 3 PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS desa aan eier AN DSG der der ASE Deere 13 4 4 ENVIRONMENTAL LIMITATIONS Sanne eee 13 5 TILTMETER OPERATION USING THE SWITCH
26. accordance with the documentation the entire and exclusive liability and remedy shall be limited to either at AGI s option the replacement of the software or the refund of the license fee you paid for the software c Liability for any other form of loss or damage is hereby expressly excluded d Customer shall indemnify AGI against any third party claim arising out of the use of goods and or services supplied by AGI including any claim arising directly or indirectly out of alleged negligence on the part of AGI its employees servants representatives or agents B 89 1015 Rev B 28 A Tiltmeter Assembly Details Figures A 1 and A 2 are exploded views of the upper and lower sections of the tiltmeter These views show the principal mechanical components and subassemblies Caution Your tiltmeter should not be opened without first reviewing disassembly assembly instructions available from Applied Geomechanics and then only by an experienced technician B 89 1015 Rev B 29 B 89 1015 Rev B UPP M ER S D 4X 3 PART NUMBER DESCRIPTION QTY 01205 CENTER JOINT TUBE 00109 9 O RING 2 00211 43 FHMS 1 4 28 X 3 8 SOCKET SS 4 01228 TUBE PCB HOUSING 01011 2 NUT CABLE RETAINING 70216 SPACER NYLON 2 70215 GROMMET
27. assembly assembly instructions available from Applied Geomechanics e Warning If the tiltmeter is opened NEVER use an ohmmeter to measure the tilt sensors inside the tiltmeter Applying DC current through the sensors will cause permanent sensor damage that is not covered by the warranty B 89 1015 Rev B 27 14 Warranty and Assistance Standard goods those listed in Applied Geomechanics published sales literature excluding software manufactured by Applied Geomechanics Inc AGI are warranted against defects in materials and workmanship for twelve 12 months from the date of shipment from AGI s premises with the following exceptions Series 900 analog or digital clinometers are warranted against defects in materials and workmanship for 90 days from the delivery date AGI will repair or replace at its option goods that prove to be defective during the warranty period provided that they are returned prepaid to AGI and a that the goods were used at all times for the purpose for which they were designed and in accordance with any instructions given by AGI in respect of them b that notice is received by AGI within 30 days of the defects becoming apparent and c that return authorization is received from AGI prior to the goods being sent back Should goods be damaged in transit to the Purchaser AGI will accept no liability unless the Purchaser can show that such damage arose solely from AGI s failure to pack the goods properly for shipme
28. been reached The following diagrams Figures C 1 through C 5 in combination with Figures B 1 B 2 and B 3 provide the information needed to operate the switches and motors inside your Model 510 tiltmeter Pin number at Ji e L kd 14 2 4 12 Contro a nil a E e ae 2 4 4 Pins 14 Y Gain ontro x e 2 0 a 2 4 Figure C 1 B 89 1015 Rev B 42 AA hPa A GNal VA Figure C 2 Y Co Figure C 3 43 B 89 1015 Rev B Figure C 4 X Limit X Limit Y Limit LED off 1K NN LED off 1K NN on 4 LED off 1K NN on A lt 4 X Limit VM V lt o a B 89 1015 Rev B Tiltr g off NN me Figure C 5 91 Motor Control Unit 44 D Calibration Data for Your Tiltmeter This section presents calibration data and scale factors measured for your tiltmeter on NIST traceable calibration equipment at the Applied Geomechanics factory Calibrations are performed by rotating the tiltmeter in each of its principal planes X and Y over a range of at least 11 known angles and measuring its output Each scale factor reported for GAIN settings 17 and 27 is the slope of a linear regression line over the full calibration range Nonlinearity is the maximum deviation of any point from the regr
29. c tilt sengt aa naa NA 4 Figure 3b Electrolevel principles of operation sse sees eee ss 4 Figure 4 Cutaway view of tiltmeter ocio ANGGEN i i diag 7 Figure 5 Detail of sensor leveling mechanism 8 Figure p Closed switch DOK coincida ic 9 Figure 7 Inside of SWItCh DOX ria seen dea main in E ci 10 Figure 8 Control panel Model 591 Motor Control Unit ss 11 Figure 9 Battery connections to terminal strip ss 18 Freure 10 Tilt sign CONVENIO aaa ltd a REAL 18 Figure 11 Recommended tiltmeter installations RSR 21 Figure 12 Transient voltage suppressors 90510 01 ii 22 Figure 13 Transient voltage suppressors OUD 1002 23 Figure 14 Transient voltage suppressors 905 10 03 i 23 Figure A 1 Model 510 Borehole Tiltmeter upper section ss 30 Figure A 2 Model 510 Borehole Tiltmeter lower section ss 31 Figure B 1 Model 510 Wiring Diagram 90510 01 naen anana anna anna an nana an nean n nean nee 32 Figure B 2 Model 510 Wiring Diagram 90510 02 33 Figure B 3 Model 510 Wiring Diagram 90510 03 34 Fisure B 4 Pin numbering 47545555 NL 35 Pisu re B 5 Pin numbering at Il in A Rion 36 Figure B 6 Printed Circuit Board Layout Component Side ii 37 Figure B 7 14 pin connector at J4 and J 38 Figure B 8 19 pin connector t J3 4 asana ia an 39 Figure B 9 19 pin and 16 pin connectors 90510 02 i 40 Figure B 10 19 pin
30. e should remain dry during installation The sand will compact and the installation stabilize faster if the sand is dry Whether the hole is wet or dry the best readings are obtained when there is a firm and stable coupling between the tiltmeter the casing and the surrounding earth Figures 11a and 11b show a larger casing diameter in the upper 1 meter of soil This optional feature helps decouple the inner casing from environmentally caused movements in the surface layer The inner casing should extend above the bottom of the decoupled zone to keep water and debris from falling into the hole B 89 1015 Rev B 19 8 3 Installation Procedure The following steps describe installing the tiltmeter into the finished borehole using sand to couple the tiltmeter to the borehole walls This procedure uses the tools in Applied Geomechanics Model 729 Borehole Tiltmeter Installation Kit to lower the tiltmeter into the hole orient its azimuth pre level the tiltmeter and compact the sand in the hole Additional installation instructions are found in the user s manual for the Model 729 kit 1 Tamp the bottom of the hole to compact any loose dirt using the tamper from the Model 729 tool kit Then fill the bottom of the hole with 10 20 cm of fine sand and tamp again Tie a brightly colored piece of cloth or tape to the Y side of the tiltmeter handle Figure 10 Lower the tiltmeter to the bottom of the hole using a rope or the installation hook fro
31. e suppression circuitry may be added at the switch box to provide additional protection for your tiltmeter Contact Applied Geomechanics for details The shield of the tiltmeter cable versions 90510 01 and 90510 02 is connected to the ESD GND terminal in the switch box Figure 7 The shield is not connected to the tiltmeter case Earthing the shield may help suppress transients and reduce noise in your signals The shield may be earthed by connecting 1t to a copper grounding rod with a 16 AWG or heavier copper wire This may be done at the ESD GND terminal Alternatively the tiltmeter cable shield may be connected to the shield of your power and signal cable at the ESD GND terminal then earthed at your power supply location The shield should be earthed at one location only to prevent ground loops Power ground PWR GND is sometimes connected to the cable shield then earthed to help suppress transients and reduce noise in the power circuit Earthing should be done at one location only typically the power supply location to prevent ground loops A X ou lt B X our 4 e Cc Y out D Y out E Gain No 2 F Gain No 3 i G Filter H X Motor Control J Y Motor Control SIGNAL METMETER K Motor Retum CONDITIONING BLE L X Range Limit CIRCUITRY M X Range Limit N Y Range Limit P Y Range Limit T R 12 VDC S Signal Ground se Sand T Temperature
32. e tiltmeter on a flat horizontal surface such as a concrete floor then place a bulls eye bubble level on the top and move the tiltmeter until the bubble is centered Next with the tiltmeter in GAIN setting 17 operate the Motor Control Unit Section 6 until the X and Y outputs are both within 1 00 volts The leveling mechanisms are now centered which will give you the maximum adjustment range in the and directions after installation 8 2 Shallow Borehole Preparation The ideal hole diameter is 20 30 cm 8 12 inches This diameter allows room for manipulation of the tiltmeter after it has been lowered to the bottom of the hole If the ground is dry and the hole will stay open casing is not necessary If caving is a problem the hole should be cased In soft ground a steel casing can be driven to the desired depth using a pile driving machine Figure 11a In hard ground the hole should be drilled with an auger or rotary drill After drilling a steel or plastic casing should be lowered into the hole The bottom of the casing may be capped or open If open the bottom of the casing can be sealed with concrete after installation to impede water infiltration The annular space between the casing and the hole boundary should then be filled with concrete or with clean firmly tamped sand Figure 11b Water remaining in the hole should be pumped out or blown out with compressed air before installation of the tiltmeter For best results the hol
33. e tiltmeter stationary during this test the displayed outputs will not change by exactly 10x and will probably be noisy variable Nevertheless it should be apparent that they are going up as you switch from setting 17 to 2 to 3 Turning the filter ON will help reduce the noise but you will have to wait 1 2 minutes for the filter to stabilize because of its 20 second time constant B 89 1015 Rev B 17 8 Finally check the temperature by touching the probes of your digital voltmeter to the TEMP and SIG GND positions on the terminal strip in the switch box Figure 7 The voltage displayed should be the ambient temperature x 0 01 For example if the temperature of the tiltmeter is 25 C the output should read 0 250 volt If your tiltmeter fails to pass any of these tests first make sure that all connections are secure and that the terminal strip is receiving power If these checks do not remedy the problem contact Applied Geomechanics for technical assistance Figure 9 Battery connections to terminal strip in switch box Y Wei X N A p TOP VIEW OF 510 TILTMETER Pivot point is at bottom of tiltmeter Figure 10 Tilt sign convention B 89 1015 Rev B 18 8 Installing Your Tiltmeter in a Borehole 8 1 General Considerations The procedure below describes installation of tiltmeter version 90510 01 in a shallow borehole shallow enough that the tiltmeter can be lowered into the hole by
34. electronic malfunctions Whenever possible keep the lids of the switch box and Motor Control Unit closed to keep dirt and moisture out The closed lids of the switch box and Motor Control Unit will protect them from light rainfall and splashes However these units may leak under prolonged exposure to heavy rainfall These units will definitely leak if submerged so submergence is to be avoided at all times Keep the switch box and the Motor Control Unit dry Water damage to their internal components voids the warranty B 89 1015 Rev B 24 Keep all components away from extremes of heat and cold Extreme temperatures shorten the life of the seals and unnecessarily stress the electronic components Avoid prolonged exposure of the tiltmeter to direct sunlight on hot days The stainless steel body is an excellent heat conductor and has a high heat storage capacity When left in direct sunlight internal temperatures can rise high enough to damage Internal components If you disassemble the tiltmeter for any reason make sure that the O rings and the rubber grommet in the cable head version 90510 01 are clean undamaged and are properly seated during reassembly A cracked or broken O ring can result in leakage of water into the tiltmeter A light coating of silicon grease or O ring lubricant before reassembly will prolong the life of the O rings and grommet When raising and lowering the tiltmeter always use the steel handle in the cable head or supp
35. ession line expressed as percentage of full span 1000 microradians angular range 2000 microradians span etc The scale factor for gain setting 3 is established by multiplying the scale factor for gain setting 2 by the gain ratio between settings 3 and 2 Scale factors for single ended and differential outputs are both reported see Section 5 2 for explanation B 89 1015 Rev B 45 Single Ended Scale Factors Model 510 Geodetic Borehole Tiltmeter Serial No Channel Gain Calibration Calibration Scale Factor Scale Factor Nonlinearity Xor Y 1 20r 3 Range uradians mV uradians uradians mV of FS B 89 1015 Rev B 46 Differential Scale Factors Model 510 Geodetic Borehole Tiltmeter Serial No Channel Gain Calibration Calibration Scale Factor Scale Factor Nonlinearity X or Y 1 2 0r 3 Range uradians Temp C mV uradians uradians mV of FS B 89 1015 Rev B 47 ANGLE CONVERSION CHART a degrees arc minutes arc seconds uradians mm meter inches ft arc minutes 0 0167 1 291 0 291 3 46E arc seconds 2 78E 0 017 4 85E 5 82E 5 1387 3 446 0 206 Ee 0 001 120E inches ft 4 785 286 5 17182 83333 83 33 B 89 1015 Rev B 48
36. f the earth and long period seismometry The same high precision electronic circuitry and precision electrolytic tilt sensors used in Model 510 are also found in the Model 520 Platform Tiltmeter Model 510 contains a remotely controlled sensor leveling mechanism that allows an operator to null the internal tilt sensors after the tiltmeter has been installed in borehole Model 520 is designed for use on a flat horizontal surface and is manually nulled with its built in worm gear or micrometer legs Models 510 and Model 520 are part of the Applied Geomechanics family of quality tiltmeters that also includes the 700 Series designed for scientific and engineering measurements the 800 Series used in civil engineering and industry and the low cost 900 Series designed for a broad range of OEM and end user applications 3 Description of Model 510 Tiltmeter System Your Model 510 Geodetic Borehole Tiltmeter system consists of three parts the tiltmeter the tiltmeter cable and the switch box Figure 1 In addition you probably purchased a Model 591 Motor Control Unit Figures 2 which is used for zeroing the X and Y axis tilt sensors after the tiltmeter is installed in a borehole The Motor Control Unit is the easiest way to operate the internal sensor leveling motors when the depth of installation is too great for adjusting the tiltmeter position by hand One Motor Control Unit services an unlimited number of tiltmeters 3 1 Borehole Tiltmeter 3 1
37. ge e g light goes on while output is 8 volts you must switch to a lower gain or manually reposition the tiltmeter Change the direction of the MOTOR switch immediately when a range limit light goes on This will maintain the sensor polarities described under the MOTOR switch definition above Version 90510 01 X and Y limit lights operate independently Version 90510 02 X and Y limit lights operate in common Version 90510 03 Range limit lights inactive Digital displays show outputs of the two tilt channels in volts 6 2 Using the Motor Control Unit to Level the Tilt Sensors After the tiltmeter has been installed in a prepared borehole see Section 8 and is within a few degrees of vertical use the Motor Control Unit to precisely level the sensors The following procedure is recommended 1 With the POWER switch OFF connect power to the switch box as explained in Section 5 2 Then connect the tiltmeter to the switch box and turn the POWER switch ON 2 Connect the Motor Control Unit to the switch box using the jumper cable 3 Turn the FILTER switch OFF and the GAIN switch to 1 in the tiltmeter switch box 4 Turn POWER switch ON in the Motor Control Unit and observe the tilt outputs that are displayed Both channels will probably be at their output limits of about 8 or 8 volts B 89 1015 Rev B 15 10 11 12 13 Select the tilt channel X or Y that you will adjust first Move the AXIS switch on the Motor Cont
38. ht rain and splashes in the field by its cover and rubber seals It is not completely waterproof and should never be submerged or exposed to heavy rainfall Your Model 591 Motor Control Unit is protected from light rain and splashes by its aluminum cover but is not sealed against moisture CAUTION Keep the insides of the switch box and Motor Control Unit dry at all times Water damage to their internal components voids the warranty WARNING The switch box and the Model 591 Motor Control Unit are not waterproof and should never be submerged B 89 1015 Rev B 13 5 Tiltmeter Operation Using the Switch Box 5 1 Meaning of the Controls and Low Battery Indicator All of the controls and indicators you will use when operating the Model 510 tiltmeter are in the switch box Figure 7 and in the Model 591 Motor Control Unit Figure 8 The controls inside the switch box have the following functions Control Indicator POWER When switch is ON power is supplied to the tiltmeter In OFF position no power is supplied Note 12 VDC and 12 VDC from an external source must first be connected to the terminal strip in the switch box The power switch should be OFF when power is connected FILTER Two position switch selects the time constant of the low pass filter applied to the output of the tilt sensors Section 4 1 gives filter specifications GAIN Three position rotary switch controls amplification gain applied to the tilt outputs Position
39. ics SIZE Tiltmeter 7 6 cm 3 inches diameter x 122 cm 48 inches long Switch Box 23 x 20 x 14 cm 9 x 8 x 5 5 inches Model 591 Motor Control Unit 28 x 23 x 20 cm 11 x 9 x 8 inches WEIGHT Tiltmeter 22 5 kg 50 Ib Switch Box 1 8 kg 4 Ib Model 591 Motor Control Unit 2 3 kg 5 Ib MATERIALS Tiltmeter Stainless steel tubing and fasteners anodized aluminum sensor assemblies internal rubber O ring seals Cable P N 70360 Polyurethane jacket one overall mylar shield Switch box Gray fiberglass Model 591 Motor Control Unit Painted aluminum HANDLE Version 90510 01 has a stainless steel handle at the cable head Versions 90510 02 and 90510 03 designed for deeper installation have no handle TEMPERATURE Tiltmeter and Switch Box 25 to 70 C operational 30 to 100 C storage Neoprene Connector version 90510 03 4 to 60 C Model 591 Motor Control Unit 0 to 50 C operational 20 to 70 C storage HUMIDITY Tiltmeter 0 to 100 Switch Box 0 to 100 Do not allow condensation inside switch box Model 591 Motor Control Unit 0 to 80 Do not allow condensation on displays or inside unit DEPTH RATING Version 90510 01 Cable compression fitting rated to 5 bars 72 psi Versions 90510 02 amp 03 Connector rated to 1400 bars 20 000 psi All versions Case pressure tested to failure at 489 bars 7 090 psi Cable selection depends on max pressure expected Your Model 510 switch box is protected from lig
40. m the Model 729 tool kit WARNING Never lower the tiltmeter into the borehole using the tiltmeter cable Doing so can damage the internal electrical connections With the tiltmeter still suspended from the rope or installation hook and in a vertical position fill the hole until sand covers the lower half of the tiltmeter The sand should support the tiltmeter so that it remains vertical and does not fall over when the rope or tool is removed Now rotate the tiltmeter about its vertical axis using the installation hook until the azimuth Y tilt direction has the desired bearing Record this direction remove the hook from the tiltmeter and then from the hole If you have used a rope instead of the hook you will not be able to rotate the tiltmeter In this case measure the azimuth of the tiltmeter handle Y tilt direction by looking down the hole and using a compass Sunlight reflected from a mirror is a good way to see into the hole Next connect 12 volt power to the switch box then connect the tiltmeter and the Model 591 Motor Control Unit to the switch box Turn the POWER switch ON in the switch box and in the Motor Control Unit You are now ready to pre level the tiltmeter Pre level the tiltmeter by gently tamping the sand surrounding it using the tamper or goat s foot from the Model 729 tool kit Read the tilt output on the Motor Control Unit with the GAIN switch in the switch box in setting 17 Tamp the sand until the output on bo
41. nnector J7 into the tiltmeter cable head The tiltmeter cable is detachable At the opposite end of the cable is the same 19 pin connector J3 used in version 90510 01 The table below gives pin assignment for both connectors The wire colors apply only to Applied Geomechanics P N 70360 cable Figure B 2 is the wiring diagram for this tiltmeter version J3 Pin J7Pin Function Wire Color in Tiltmeter Cable P N 70360 only A 12 X Out Green B 13 K Out White Green Stripe C Blue E F 6 Gain 3 Control White Gray Stripe H 8 X Motor Control Orange J 9 Y Motor Control Brown 4 X amp LY Range Limit White Red Stripe X Y Range Limit White Purple Stripe Z z m Cable Shield ESD GND White Black Stripe 11 12 Volts DC Purple Volla Signal Ground White Brown Stripe 5 2 Temperature Yellow 3 12 Volts DC Red V 7 Power Ground Black White with Black amp Brown Stripes 2 wires in one pin K ES Y A V M ME DUT A Zo N a TN I Nr G ye ih D A T fg di i o a EL 3 C 1 SCH S U V R 16 K II cx ARS AN a em D sn GE S J SN Z 13 a I 5 Ve g ON EN AN GN 14 gef n AE E k Ka e N E F N AN IN a 8 7 E NN 8 A S Se y k R tm s NG ag N SA SR S i L N 3 7 H gt TF PR 0 n anm Figure B 9 L 19 pin connector at J3 face view cable side R 16 pin connector at J7 face view tiltmeter side Version 90510 02 B 89 1015 Rev
42. nt Software products are warranted to perform substantially in accordance with their documentation for 90 days following your receipt of the software AGI and its suppliers do not and cannot warrant the performance or results you may obtain by using the software or its documentation In respect of goods or parts thereof manufactured by others and resold by AGI AGI will pass on to the customer the benefit of any guarantee or warranty received by AGI from the original manufacturer insofar as such guarantee or warranty is assignable ANY OTHER CONDITIONS OR WARRANTIES WHETHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED BY STATUTE OR OTHERWISE ARE EXCLUDED THE REMEDIES PROVIDED HEREIN ARE THE BUYER S SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES APPLIED GEOMECHANICS INC SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT INDIRECT SPECIAL INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES INCLUDING LOST PROFITS OR LOST SAVINGS WHETHER BASED ON CONTRACT TORT OR ANY OTHER LEGAL THEORY THIS WARRANTY EXTENDS ONLY TO THE ORIGINAL PURCHASER AND IS EXPRESSLY IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES WHETHER OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR USE AND OF ALL OTHER OBLIGATIONS AND LIABILITIES OF ANY KIND AND CHARACTER THERE ARE NO WARRANTIES WHICH EXTEND BEYOND THE DESCRIPTION ON THE FACE HEREOF a AGIS liability arising out of the sale of its goods is expressly limited to the repair and or replacement of defective parts or the cost of such repair and or replacement b If software does not perform substantially in
43. ole Tiltmeter with Model 591 Motor Control Unit B 89 1015 Rev B Figure 3a Flectrolytic tilt sensor ELECTROLYTIC TILT SENSOR ELECTROLEVEL PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION Physical Characteristics EXCITATION ELECTRODES GLASS CAPSULE is AIR BUBBLE N CONDUCTIVE FLUID KS PICK UP ELECTRODE Electrical Characteristics Sensor behaves as variable resistor A 4 A 4 7 EXCITATION EXCITATION ANALOG SIGNAL OUT ANALOG SIGNAL OUT Figure 3b Sensor design and operation B 89 1015 Rev B 3 1 2 Mechanical Design The tiltmeter is divided into two tubular sections an upper circuit assembly housing and a lower sensor assembly housing Figure 4 The upper section of the tiltmeter houses the signal conditioning electronics A single printed circuit board occupies most of the length of this section The lower section contains the two sensor assemblies and leveling mechanisms Each sensor is encapsulated in an anodized aluminum holder which is part of a sensor leveling mechanism This mechanism nulls the sensor then holds it stably in one position The two identical mechanisms operate independently of one another Figure 5 Each sensor leveling mechanism uses a DC motor to turn a worm gear The worm gear drives an offset shaft cam shaft that moves a slide that in turn moves the sensor holder One complete revolution of the cam shaft causes the sensor holder to rotate through a vertical angle of
44. om below 3 1 3 Electrical Features All sensor excitation and signal conditioning is performed on a single printed circuit board inside the tiltmeter Putting the signal conditioning circuitry into the tiltmeter next to the sensors reduces the effect of noise picked up in the cable and results in a high signal to noise ratio It also minimizes thermal effects on the electronics because they are housed downhole in typically isothermal conditions All electrical connections to the tiltmeter including external power are made at the switch box The tiltmeter cable transfers DC power gain and filter switching signals and motor control signals between the tiltmeter and the switch box It also conducts the high level voltage outputs back to the switch box and transmits the adjustment range limit signals to the switch box for display on the panel of the Model 591 Motor Control Unit A wiring diagram for your tiltmeter system is presented in Appendix B B 89 1015 Rev B 5 Other important electrical features of your tiltmeter are e All circuit board external connections are gold plated for long life and noise free operation e All resistors are premium quality 1 tolerance metal film type or better e High quality mylar capacitors are used extensively to achieve electronic stability and minimize temperature coefficients e A temperature sensor installed in the printed circuit board provides the basic data needed for evaluation of thermal effect
45. or on tiltmeter cable head Joins tiltmeter to tiltmeter cable versions 90510 02 and 03 only Connects X tilt sensor to printed circuit assembly inside tiltmeter Connects Y tilt sensor to printed circuit assembly inside tiltmeter B 1 Connectors Common to All Versions Pin assignments for connectors Jl PIK and P2Y are the same for all three versions of the tiltmeter and are described below The terminal strip J6 positions are also the same for all versions see Section 5 2 P1X and P2Y connect the two tilt sensors X and Y in the tiltmeter to the printed circuit assembly Figures 4 A 1 and B 6 Pin numbering sequence is shown in Figures B 4 and B 6 Pin functions are PIX and Function P2Y Pin Tilt Sensor Excitation Tilt Sensor Output Tilt Sensor Excitation Y DI s N 7 71 A 7 2 Li Figure B 4 Pin numbering at PIK and P2Y B 89 1015 Rev B 35 Jl is a DB15 connector at the top end of the tiltmeter s printed circuit assembly Figures 4 A 1 B 5 and B 6 All input and output connections to the tiltmeter s signal conditioning electronics are made at J1 Pin functions are JI Pin Function Wire Color in Tiltmeter Cable P N 70360 version 90510 01 only 1 12 Volts DC Red 2 Power Ground Black 3 12 Volts DC Purple 4 Signal Ground White Brown 5 Temperature Yellow X Out Green X Out White Green Stripe 9 Y Out White Blue Stripe 10 X Filter Control White
46. ort the tiltmeter from below Never lift the tiltmeter by the cable Lifting by the cable can damage the internal electrical connections voiding the warranty 12 2 Changing the 9 Volt Battery in the Motor Control Unit The digital displays of the Model 591 Motor Control Unit are powered by one 9 volt battery When the output of this battery falls below approximately 7 volts a low battery warning will appear in the displays Change the battery when this occurs If the LCD s remain blank when you turn on the Motor Control Unit the battery is probably dead and must be replaced To replace the battery disconnect the Motor Control Unit from the switch box and follow the steps below 1 Remove the eight 8 capscrews that secure the control panel to the case Figure 8 2 Gently lift up the front panel being careful not to pull the wiring 3 Remove the battery which is attached to the underside of the front panel 4 Replace the old battery with a new one 5 Replace the front panel and install the 8 screws to secure the front panel to the case 12 3 Problems You Might Encounter 12 3 1 No Output Failure to obtain an output signal from the tiltmeter normally is the result of lack of power or a broken wire or connection If you have set up your tiltmeter and are getting no output from the X Y or TEMP channels first check that the tiltmeter POWER switch is on and that the Motor Control Unit POWER switch is on If these switches are on and the
47. raffic on nearby trails or highways animals grazing nearby and burrowing animals The tiltmeter should be sited to minimize these effects Another source of noisy output is bad grounding Verify that all ground connections are in place to eliminate this possibility Earthing the shield of your cable and or power ground may reduce noise caused by nearby 50 60 Hz and radio frequency noise sources Section 9 These wires should be earthed in one location only Earthing in more than one location produces ground loops in which the earth completes a circuit of current flow through your ground wires Ground loops always result in undesirable noise and unpredictable results If these checks don t identify the source of the noise contact Applied Geomechanics for assistance 12 3 4 Daily and Seasonal Output Fluctuations These gradual fluctuations mainly result from ground movement induced by weather and climate changes e g temperature fluctuations wetting drying and freezing of the ground and changes of barometric pressure Daily and seasonal output cycles rarely indicate a problem with your tiltmeter However they can mask the small deformations that you are trying to measure For this reason we include this discussion of their origins and methods for removing them from your data Temperature changes affect the tiltmeter in two ways 1 They produce thermoelastic deformation of the ground which is measured by the tiltmeter and 2 Thermal expan
48. re is still no output check that 12 VDC power is being supplied to the terminal strip in the switch box If there is still no output check that all connectors are securely attached If power is on and all connectors are properly attached there is probably abad connection or broken wire in the Motor Control Unit or its jumper cable the switch box the tiltmeter cable or the tiltmeter itself Diagnostics should begin with the Motor Control Unit and work toward the tiltmeter The tiltmeter is the most complicated part of the system and should not be opened until all other elements of the system have passed inspection The wiring diagrams in Appendix B will guide you through your diagnostics B 89 1015 Rev B 25 12 3 2 Output Is Fixed at Limits of Range In this condition the output stays at the limits of its voltage range about 8 volts or 8 volts for single ended output see Section 4 1 The cause is typically that one or both tilt sensors is tilted out of range This is especially likely to occur in gain settings 2 and 3 If the tiltmeter is already installed in a borehole switch to GAIN 1 and operate the Motor Control Unit to try to null the output level the sensor If the range limit is reached and the output still has not changed from 8 or 8 volts you must reposition the tiltmeter in the hole or remove it and follow the steps in the next paragraph If the tiltmeter is not already installed in a borehole follow
49. rol Unit to the X or Y position Select the direction of adjustment using the MOTOR switch For example if the displayed tilt output is 8 volts you must move it in the positive direction set the switch to forward If it is 8 volts set the switch to reverse Note Because the movement of the sensor is controlled by a slowly rotating cam shaft this polarity will become reversed forward will produce a negative tilt and vice versa if the range limits are exceeded Set the motor speed using the WIDTH and RATE dials The motor will turn at maximum speed when both are set in the full clockwise direction When set in the full counter clockwise direction the motor will turn at minimum speed Depress the PULSE button The green LED will flash as the motor turns Release the button to stop the motor When beginning the leveling process for a sensor at its output limit of 8 or 8 volts a fast motor speed WIDTH and RATE dials turned clockwise can be used Use a slower speed WIDTH and RATE dials turned counter clockwise as the output approaches 0 volts Note that the intensity and speed of flashes changes as the WIDTH and RATE dials are turned If you run past 0 volts simply change the adjustment direction using the MOTOR switch and continue the leveling process Switch the tiltmeter GAIN to 2 in the switch box A jump in tilt output of about 10x should occur Continue leveling as described in step 8 If you plan to
50. rsion 905 10 03 POWER REQUIREMENTS 11 to 15 VDC and 11 to 15 VDC 15 mA typical and 7 mA typical 250 mV peak to peak ripple max Reverse polarity and surge protected Low battery light on switch plate blinks when positive supply voltage drops below 11 VDC CONNECTIONS Tiltmeter and switch box connected via 7 5 meter 25 ft multiconductor cable greater lengths available and 19 pin guarter turn aluminum connector Power and output connections via terminal strip in switch box See Appendix B for additional details SENSOR LEVELING Performed with Model 591 Motor Control Unit Sensors adjustable through range of 7 degrees 4 2 Motor Control Unit Performance FUNCTION Model 591 Motor Control Unit adjusts angular position of the X and Y tilt sensors in Model 510 Borehole Tiltmeter Digital displays provide quick indication of X and Y channel outputs Power on off X Y motor select motor forward reverse motor pulse width motor pulse rate pulse activate Dual 3 1 2 digit LCD displays 12 7 mm 0 5 inch digit height 19 99 to 19 99 VDC DISPLAY ACCURACY 0 2 full scale DISPLAY CHANNELS X and Y tilt channel outputs CONNECTIONS 14 pin multi turn connectors on 3m jumper cable to tiltmeter switch box 12 volts for operating DC motors in tiltmeter supplied from switch box 9 volt battery behind control panel operates displays Displays have low battery indicators B 89 1015 Rev B 12 4 3 Physical Characterist
51. s on the tilt measurements e Surge absorbers are used on each input and output circuit of the tiltmeter printed circuit board for protection against electrical transients High voltage transients are shorted conducted to the steel tubular body of the tiltmeter where they are conducted into the ground 3 2 Switch Box The switch box Figures 6 and 7 contains the tiltmeter power switch gain and filter switches and a low battery indicator light The light illuminates when the positive power supply voltage drops below 11 volts see Section 4 1 The gain and filter switches provide control signals to solid state switches on the printed circuit assembly inside the tiltmeter The tiltmeter cable connects to the switch box via the 19 pin connector in the side of the box Figure 6 Switch box wiring is shown in Appendix B The screw terminal strip in the switch box Figure 7 provides connections to your external DC power supply batteries or AC to DC converter and external data recorders Access to the terminal strip is via a feedthrough in the side of the switch box The feedthrough contains a grommet that can be tightened against your cable by turning the nut on the outside of the feedthrough The switch box is equipped with a hasp which allows it to be locked for extra security When the lid is closed the switch box is protected from light rain and splashes It is not waterproof and should never be submerged 3 3 Model 591 Motor Control Unit
52. s the reference potential for the single ended tilt signals X X Y and Y and for the temperature signal We recommend that you do not connect PWR GND and SIG GND at the switch box or at your power supply or recorder Current to power the tiltmeter flows in the power ground wire From Ohm s Law we know that the ground potential will be different at opposite ends of this wire because of wire resistance By keeping signal ground separate from power ground your single ended tilt and temperature readings will not be affected by this difference B 89 1015 Rev B 21 9 2 Earthing ESD GND Variable resistance type surge absorbers transient voltage suppressors connect several of the wires in the tiltmeter cable to the stainless steel tiltmeter case Figures 12 13 and 14 When the tiltmeter case is in contact with damp ground the surge absorbers reduce the likelihood of an electronic failure by shorting high voltage transients to earth High voltage transients are the most common cause of failure of field instruments in outdoor installations In a typical occurrence a transient from a lightning strike or power surge travels along the cable until it encounters the instrumen s electronic circuitry where the delicate low voltage components are overloaded and fail The surge absorbers in your tiltmeter begin to short the transient to the case and into the earth when the common mode potential difference exceeds 18 volts Commercially available surg
53. sion and contraction of the liquid in the tilt sensors cause small output changes unrelated to actual ground movement The latter effect is described B 89 1015 Rev B 26 by the tiltmeter s temperature coefficients Section 4 1 The most obvious way to eliminate both of these effects is to install your tiltmeter deeply enough to remove all temperature fluctuations Temperature changes and attendant thermoelastic deformations caused by heating and cooling of the ground surface diminish rapidly with increasing depth Daily temperature fluctuations are almost zero ata depth of 1 meter Annual fluctuations are 90 95 percent attenuated ata depth of 20m Installations deeper than 20m should show little effect from temperature The temperature sensor inside the tiltmeter measures its temperature You can remove the effect of temperature change on the tilt sensors by applying the temperature coefficients of your instrument as described in Applied Geomechanics technical note B 95 1005 available on request This correction is performed automatically by our TBASE II Database and Analysis Software The output fluctuations remaining after correction for the tiltmeter s temperature coefficients are the actual ground movements experienced by the tiltmeter Barometric pressure changes produce ground deformation by changing the atmospheric pressure on the earth s surface These changes are not predictable but can be recognized by comparing barometric pressure
54. teries to the terminal strip in the switch box Figures 7 and 9 The POWER switch should be OFF at this time 3 Connect the tiltmeter cable to the switch box Then connect the Motor Control Unit to the switch box using the jumper cable 4 Set the GAIN switch on the switch plate to 1 Set the FILTER switch to OFF Turn the POWER switch in the switch box to ON 5 Locate the X and Y marks at the top of the tiltmeter and familiarize yourself with the sign convention in Figure 10 Rotate the tiltmeter in the positive and negative X and Y directions while keeping the bottom stationary View the output of both channels in the displays of the Motor Control Unit Verify that the sign polarity of the outputs is as shown in Figure 10 and that the outputs swing to full scale approx 7 volts in gain 1 8 volts in gains 2 and 3 in the positive and negative directions for each channel 6 Repeat the previous step with the GAIN switch in positions 2 and 3 7 Verify that the amplification increases as the GAIN switch is advanced from position 1 to 2 to 3 With the switch at 17 lowest gain level the tiltmeter so that the output is lt 0 05 volt on both channels You may need to use the motor controls to do this Then switch to GAIN 2 The output should increase by about 10x Then switch to GAIN 3 The output should increase by about 10x again Because of the difficulty of keeping th
55. th channels is within 7 volts Pre leveling ensures that the full adjustment range of the sensor leveling mechanisms will be useable after tiltmeter installation is complete Fill the hole with sand to the top of the tiltmeter leaving the handle sticking out above the sand This way the tiltmeter can be easily extracted from the hole at a later time Tamp the sand again to compact it while checking the output to be sure the tiltmeter remains roughly level You are now ready to begin fine leveling of the tilt sensors using the Motor Control Unit as described in section 6 10 When you have completed leveling the tiltmeter cover the hole for safety CAUTION Always cover the hole after tiltmeter installation An open hole is dangerous B 89 1015 Rev B 20 dia PVC or steel open in drilled hole N C 3 o D o o o N o 3 o TTT Q D SD o O O et O EN D D D Q E 3 8m Le LE cl d i I mm a a o a b Figure 11 Recommended Tiltmeter Installations a Driven Casing b Cemented Casing 9 Grounding and Transient Protection 9 1 Power and Signal Grounds PWR GND and SIG GND Y our tiltmeter has separate power ground PWR GND and signal ground SIG GND wires in the tiltmeter cable except version 90510 03 Both are connected common inside the tiltmeter Signal ground i
56. the initial check out procedures in Section 7 to verify whether its output will swing to the 8 and 8 volt limits on both the X and Y channels when you move it If it does there is not a problem However if the output remains fixed at the limit during this test there could be a short circuit to 12V or 12V power somewhere in the wiring or possibly a broken ground connection Inspect the wiring using the wiring diagrams in Appendix B to eliminate this possibility If the wiring is found to be in order the cause may be a bad connection or component inside the tiltmeter The tiltmeter must be opened to correct such a problem Contact the factory for instructions if the problem has been traced to the circuitry inside the tiltmeter 12 3 3 Noisy Output This condition is characterized by output oscillations with amplitudes of tens to thousands of nanoradians The oscillations may have periods of less than a second to tens of seconds Noise of this type is commonly microseismicity principally seismic surface waves passing through a shallow tiltmeter installation The amplitude of this noise millivolts will increase as the gain of the tiltmeter is turned up Turning the FILTER switch to the OFF position Figure 7 should remove most of the microseismic noise in the tiltmeter output Low frequency ground movements can also be caused by cultural and environmental activity near the tiltmeter Examples of such activity are wind blowing through trees t
Download Pdf Manuals
Related Search