SQP1 - igvw
Contents
1. gt gt 18gVW Standards der Qualit t Standards of Quality gt gt SQP1 Trusses Oct 2010 Mar 2013 der fachverband eutsche Theatertechnische Gesellschaft gt gt igvw SQ PI Legend Notes regarding the structure of the standards SQ Standard of Quality O Organisation P Code of practice working procedure Q Qualification 1 2 consecutive numbering O Organisation Documentation Internal structure of operations and organisation of businesses Documentation and certification of processes P Code of practice working procedure Supply and use of working materials Q Qualification Qualification of skilled personnel and experts gt gt igvw SQ PI Preliminary note SQ Standards are intended to define the quality levels required of services provided within the event technology industry SQ Standards take into consideration current legal positions and on that basis provide a description of the industry s specialised working procedures They contain a summary of the applicable legal standards and requirements in areas of industrial safety and health protection This Quality Standard has been developed by the responsible working group of the igvw Entertainment Technology Industry Association in cooperation with the DGUV German Social Accident Insurance and the working group of the safety engineers from the German public broadcasting organisations ARD ZDF Medienakademie ARTE BR Bavaria DR DW HR IRT MDR2. ueenersnnnennnssnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn nn 25 6 3 3 Extraordinary inspections eeerssnneennnssnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn ann 25 6 4 Documentation 444444444Hnnnnnennnnnnn nenn nennen nrnn nennen 25 Appendix I LIRING NUSES BORSPPERDERERPEPPFERERFEEFFEHELFEFPEFHEREFELEREHEFEFFEREHRERREFFRHREERFEFEPFRERERE 27 ll A sample list of contents for a static analysis uunennsnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 31 ll A sample handover protocol uuuuuursensssnsnnannnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnannannnnnn 32 IV Scope of inspection after aSSEMDIY ccseeeseeeeeee cece eee Hann 33 Literature references 0000 a aan aan anna 34 gt gt igvw SQ PI The solutions described in this igvw Standard do not rule out the validity of other solutions that guarantee the same standard of safety as laid down within the technical regulations of other member nations of the European Union or Turkey or other member states of the European Economic Area Please note Wherever possible gender free nouns and pronouns have been used Where this is not possible the male noun or pronoun has been used to improve readability but also is meant to refer to females gt gt igvw SQ PI 1 Area of application This standard applies to the supply and use of trusses and constructions made from trusses in the setup of productions and events 2 Normative and informal references BGI 638 edition 1998 Information regarding rope
3. at a central point be connected to the earth of the mains supply The minimum wire cross section must be calculated in accordance with DIN VDE 0100 Part 540 Experience has shown following cross sections to be reliable up to 50 m 16 mm2 Cu fine stranded copper wire up to 100 m 25 mm2 Cu fine stranded copper wire In tower systems with movable parts sleeve blocks the castors or rollers built into the sleeve block have an insulating effect on the moveable truss construction Therefore this must be fitted with an additional protective earthing conductor The effectiveness of the protective measures must be proven Lightning protection When the topography type of construction or the installation site are such that lightning could strike easily or have serious consequences truss constructions must be fitted with an effective lightning protection system The effectiveness of the protective measures must be proven If effective lightning protection cannot be guaranteed the endangered area must be evacuated during a thunderstorm gt gt igvw SQ PI 5 4 Load transmission in trusses Load transmission means all forms and measures with which the loads that actually occur are either transmitted to a truss or from it to a support or suspension point The nature and type of load transmission in trusses has a determining influence on the actual loading capacity of the trusses that are being used Load transmission must take pla
4. from the manufacturer influences which may cause damage operative experience other information on the latest state of technology During inspections any defects are assessed and decisions made on further use before the next regular inspection An inspection every 12 months by an expert has been proved to be ideal The results of the regular inspections must be documented see section 6 4 6 3 3 Extraordinary inspections Extraordinary inspections are necessary in particular in the event of damage after a long period of non use after substantial modification of the truss The replacement of parts with ones of the same type is not considered to be a substantial modification The truss may not be used again until an inspection has proved that safe operation can be guaranteed 6 4 Documentation The results of all inspections are to be documented and available on site For the purpose of depicting the complete history of a truss it is advisable to keep all inspection documents together in one file 25 26 gt gt igvw SQ Pl the documentation must be adequate and can contain the following declaration of compliance of the manufacturer inspection instructions and criteria of the manufacturer confirmation of inspections made by the manufacturer confirmation of inspections made before entry into service inspections made after substantial modification risk assessments upon divergence from establish
5. person responsible The supplier herewith declares to the customer that all equipment and materials utilised by him conform with the corresponding regulations and accepted technical standards He furthermore declares that the complete assembly of the trusses has been carried out in accordance with the corresponding regulations and accepted technical standards and that the truss is handed over to the customer as being ready to use The required documents and individual certificates are to be enclosed These include for instance material certificates static calculations or protocols of necessary inspections which have been carried out date signature of supplier date signature of customer 32 gt gt igvw SQ PI Appendix IV Scope of inspection after assembly Inspection on the following basis plan for set up and dismantling and plan for operation stability against collapse quality condition load bearing capacity of the floor ground and or identification no distance between supports ballasting 33 gt gt igvw SQ PI Literature references Literaturhinweise BGV C1 GUV C1 Veranstaltungs und Produktionsstatten fur szenische Darstellung BGG GUV G 912 Ausgabe 04 2009 Grunds tze f r die Pr fung von maschinentechnischer Einrichtungen in B hnen und Studios BGI 810 3 Ausgabe 03 2007 Sicherheit bei Produktionen und Veranstaltungen Lasten ber Personen BGI 638 Ausgabe 1998 Merkblatt f r Seil
6. used during operation their length may not exceed 5m and when they are provided as a means of emergency escape or rescue they may not exceed 10 m in length BGI 638 information regarding rope ladders Longer rope ladders may only be used in connection with personal protective equipment against falls Rope assisted ascent and descent this method may only be used by experienced and qualified persons Organisational measures Instruction restricted access signs Person related measures personal protective equipment PPE Safety shoes gloves protective headgear hearing protection PPE against falls cf BGR 198 BGR199 personal protective equipment against falls fall arresting equipment in accordance with DIN EN 341 or DIN EN 1496 in combination with a safety harness abseiling devices The use of PPE against falls requires particular qualification and ability see also igvw SQ Q2 Additional loads applied to the truss constructions through use of PPE against falls must be taken into account 21 22 gt gt igvw SQ PI 6 Inspections The contractor is obliged to provide safe trusses In order to ensure that only trusses are put to use that are in a proper condition an inspection is necessary not only before they are first put on the market but also before each one is used for the first time To ensure that the trusses are safe during set up and use they must be inspected within the framework of their operational use Thi
7. 6 02 Schwei en Lichtbogenschwei verbindungen an Aluminium und seinen Legierungen Bewertungsgruppen von Unregelm igkeiten 37 Herausgeber IGVW Inernengemmmchaft Wer ara age he Pall der fachverband Deutsche Theatertechnische Gesellschaft EVVC VPLI in Zusammenarbeit mit wW VBG Ihre gesetzliche Untaliversicherung Informationen unter www igvw org
8. NDR ORF RB RBB RBT RTL SF SR Studio Hamburg SWR WDR and ZDF gt gt igvw SQ PI Notes on use This pdf file is annotated with interactive links and bookmarks In the table of contents a mouse click on an item leads straight to the corresponding chapter At the bottom of each page there is a link that leads back to the table of contents The links next to the illustrations open up a 3D view needs Adobe Reader 8 x or newer An internet connection is required gt gt igvw SQ PI Table of contents Preliminary nofe u u 2e 0 senken 1 Area of application an 7 2 Normative and informal references sunssunnnnnnnnnnnn ann annnenn 7 3 DO TIMITION E ZEPRPEEPBRERFEGFSFEBPFEENEFEFEFFEPEFELE PEHEFUESBEEPEUFEREESEREFUEASTEERTFERRESTEEHER 9 4 LSJT 0 0 TER ER ARIR TE IEIEHELPEEBERFEREPHEEEVEFEURERELFFRREEREFEUTELUOFERERETEFERERRL HEERES 11 4 1 Constructional requireMents cccceceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeaeeeeeeeeeeeeeteees 11 4 2 Information for usersS 2 000snssnnnnennnnnnnnnnnnnnnennennannnnnennnnne nennen 12 4 3 Technical documentation 44444400nHenennnnnennnennennnnnennennnnnnnn en 13 4 3 1 Technical data 4444444444Hnnnennnnnnnnnnnnnnennnnnnnnennnnnnnnennnnne nn 13 4 3 2 Loading apaty encena a EEE 13 4 3 3 Static analysis ensseesennnnnennennnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnen nn 13 4 4 Ee e 22202222 cdecegcc
9. ce in accordance with the manufacturer s instructions When loads are transmitted it is important to ensure that they are distributed symmetrically on the chords Lopsided loading can reduce the loading capacity of the trusses and must be taken into account When horizontal and vertical forces occur simultaneously an applicable static analysis must be produced 5 5 Lifting trusses The type and manner of load transmission determines whether the loading capacity of the truss and the stability of the truss construction are maintained and may only be done by suitably qualified persons See igvw SQ Q2 Competence in event rigging 5 5 1 Equipment for lifting and load suspension Lifting and load suspension equipment is used to support trusses or to Lifting and load suspension equipment is used to support trusses or to introduce loads into trusses See also BGI 810 3 Safety at productions and events loads over persons Slings are for instance round slings made from synthetic fibre round slings with a wire rope core lifting straps steel ropes lifting ropes steel chains lifting chains shackles oval suspension devices quick connection swivel nut devices detachable rope end joints Load suspension equipment is for instance beam clamps truss adapters gizmo bracket loadbar 17 18 gt gt igvw SQ P1 hanging clamps The manufacturer s instructions for the correct use of lif
10. d Bending moment total internal force which causes bending of a truss or one of its parts e g chord Single span girder Truss with two supports Multi span girder Truss with more than two supports Jib or cantilever Truss which projects beyond a support thus basically a beam supported at only one end 10 gt gt igvw SQ PI 4 Supply If a contractor is to supply suitable trusses it is necessary during the planning choosing and purchasing phases to pay particular attention to the intended use environmental influences ergonomics and the qualification and experience of the users The contractor may only supply trusses that conform to the specifications laid down in Part 4 Supply and Part 6 Inspections Only truss connectors and accessories may be used that are approved by the manufacturer In general this means that only trusses from the same manufacturer may be joined together to form a truss construction 4 1 Constructional requirements In the construction structural calculation and production of trusses it is necessary to apply current legal norms e g laws regulations work safety regulations and the current state of technology rules Since trusses are constructed mainly of aluminium DIN 4113 1 Aluminium constructions under predominantly static loading Part 1 static analysis and structural design and DIN 4113 2 Aluminium constructions under predominantly static loading Part 2 sta
11. dace cacdcacacdedcdedsdecddcecacevextes 14 5 USC isn anes date tauren tan nsey ncaa uanenasesuincenettas E T 14 5 1 Qualification and responsibility uuernsesnnnnnennnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnen 14 5 2 CHOICE Of TrUSSES ts se ciclewstaaacenessandinedianadancassaatnladeivenadeduen sae ddeadaasaateedes 15 5 3 Installation Of trUSS S ccceseeceeceeeeeeeeeeeeeceeeaecaeeeeeeeeenetetenneeaeeas 15 5 4 Force transmission in trUSS S cccccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneecaeeeeeeeeeeeeeneees 17 5 5 Liffing trUSS68S nee ae een 17 5 5 1 Equipment for lifting and load suspension esereereeenenn 17 5 5 2 Methods of lifting trusses 44ss442444nennnnsnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn ann 18 5 6 Safety precautions during assembly and operation 21 6 INSPECTIONS wisccesiiicisdstest ede eek 22 6 1 Basic principles of iNSPECtiONS ccccececeeeeeeeeeeeeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneees 22 6 2 Inspections before USEC cccccccceceeeeeeeeeeeeeceaeeeeceeeeeeeeeeeteessenaeees 22 6 2 1 Inspections before manufacture ccecceceeeeceeeeseeeeennecaeeeeeeeeees 22 6 2 2 Inspections before entry into service uuseessnnennnesssnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn nn 23 6 3 INSPECTIONS during use uesesssnseeeensssnnnnnnnsnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn ann 24 6 3 1 Inspections during set up and operation mssnenenneennnen 24 6 3 2 Regular inspections
12. ed inspection intervals proof of regular inspections results of re examinations If the documentation is compiled electronically suitable quality assurance measures are required If inspection stickers are used company regulations must ensure that the complete inspection procedure is made transparent gt gt igvw SQ PI Appendix Appendix Lifting trusses The general rule is that slinging a truss outside its framework nodes causes local bending strain that can lead to a reduction in the loading capacity This fact must be taken into account in particular with trusses which have a large profile geometry and a correspondingly large distance between the framework nodes The lifting gear should be placed as near to the framework nodes as possible Flexible types of lifting gear such as round slings generate vertical and horizontal forces when used as double strands This can lead to a reduction of the loading capacity of the truss Flexible lifting gear must be directed in such a way that no bending load is generated on the cross braces 27 gt gt igvw SQ P1 Illustrations of typical lifting methods Link to the 3D view Link to the 3D view Link to the 3D view Link to the 3D view 28 gt gt igvw SQ Pl Link to the 3D view Link to the 3D view Link to the 3D view Link to the 3D view Link to the 3D view 29 gt gt igvw SQ P1 Infobox Two chord trusses may only be lifted by the upp
13. ents In this connection he must determine and evaluate the influences that cause damage taking into account the different kinds of operating modes and then devise and implement suitable measures to counteract them As a result the contractor decides on the type and extent of the inspections after set up and dismantling after any unusual occurrences as well as on the deadlines for recurring inspections and the qualifications demanded of the person who is commissioned to carry them out 6 3 1 Inspections during set up and use During set up on site assembly and each time before use the safe condition of the truss must be established through a visual inspection and functionality test see section 5 3 The visual inspection and functionality test include a check for external damage or wear provision for the particular circumstances of the surroundings protective earthing lightning protection the documentation of previous inspections see 6 4 The qualifications required of the tester depend on the complexity of the truss construction and the risks related to its use 24 gt gt igvw SQ Pl 6 3 2 Regular inspections Trusses and truss constructions are to be inspected according to the type and frequency of their use so that defects and damage can be detected in proper time The deadlines for inspection are laid down by the contractor as part of the risk assessment taking into account existing information
14. er chord Attention must be paid to their lateral bending behavior Link to the 3D view 30 Link to the 3D view Link to the 3D view gt gt igvw SQ PI Appendix II A sample list of contents for a static analysis 1 Preliminary notes 1 1 Basis for calculation 1 2 Description of the construction 1 3 Construction materials 1 4 Load assumptions 1 5 Lifting dynamics 2 Profile and permitted internal forces 2 1 Profile data truss type X 2 2 Loading capacity truss type X 2 3 Profile data truss type Y 2 4 Loading capacity truss type Y 2 5 Profile data truss type Z 2 6 Loading capacity truss type Z 3 Verification 3 1 Pressure rods between the rope rolls 3 2 Cross members truss type Z deflection units 3 2 1 Truss type Z for single rope of the load bar 3 2 2 Truss type Z for picking roll on the counterweights 3 2 3 Verification of the U profiles 3 3 Lighting bridges 3 4 Framework 3 4 1 Verification truss type X rig 3 4 2 Verification truss type Y tower 3 5 Ground contact pressure foundations 3 6 Lifting equipment 4 Requirements Appendix Computer calculation ground support Computer calculation bridges Drawings 31 gt gt igvw SQ PI Appendix Ill A sample handover protocol Declaration concerning the correct construction and readiness for use of trusses manufacturer place of manufacture customer company address person responsible supplier company address
15. fting factor 1 0 Link to the 3D view 19 gt gt igvw SQ P1 Choke The choke lifting method causes a reduction of the sling s loading capacity If one lifting rope is used the reduced loading capacity is calculated by multiplying it by the load lifting factor 0 8 Link to the 3D view If two slings are used the loading capacity is calculated depending on the clamping angle a of the slings by multiplying it by the corresponding load lifting factor 0 lt as12 Load lifting factor 0 8 x 2 0 1 6 12 lt a lt 90 Load lifting factor 0 8 x 1 4 1 12 90 lt a lt 120 Load lifting factor 0 8 x 1 0 0 8 Link to the 3D view 20 gt gt igvw SQ PI Lifting methods using clamping angles of a gt 120 must be measured individually In addition to the Basket and Choke methods chord tubes may be wrapped around by the sling without reducing the loading capacity This wrapping is done to secure the position of straight truss sections 5 6 Safety precautions during assembly and operation In situations when work with trusses involves risks of injury and health hazards that cannot be eliminated by technical or organisational measures the contractor must provide suitable personal protective equipment and other aids that employees must use in the intended manner Technical measures The use of scaffolding hydraulic platforms ladders or rope ladders made of metal Note When rope ladders are
16. ilschlaufen f r Anschlagseile DIN EN 13411 3 2009 02 Endverbindungen f r Drahtseile aus Stahldraht Sicherheit Teil 3 Pressklemmen und Verpressen DIN EN 13411 4 2009 02 Endverbindungen f r Drahtseile aus Stahldraht Sicherheit Teil 4 Vergie en mit Metall und Kunstharz DIN EN 13411 5 2009 02 Endverbindungen f r Drahtseile aus Stahldraht Sicherheit Teil 5 Drahtseilklemmen mit U f rmigem Klemmb gel DIN EN 13411 6 2009 04 Endverbindungen f r Drahtseile aus Stahldraht Sicherheit Teil 6 Asymmetrische Seilschl sser DIN EN 13411 7 2009 04 Endverbindungen f r Drahtseile aus Stahldraht Sicherheit Teil 7 Symmetrische Seilschl sser 36 gt gt igvw SQ PI DIN EN 13411 8 2009 04 Endverbindungen f r Drahtseile aus Stahldraht Sicherheit Teil 8 Stahlfittinge und Verpressungen DIN EN 13414 1 2009 02 Anschlagseile aus Stahldrahtseilen Sicherheit Teil 1 Anschlagseile f r allgemeine Hebezwecke DIN EN 13414 2 2009 02 Anschlagseile aus Stahldrahtseilen Sicherheit Teil 2 Vom Hersteller zu liefernde Informationen f r Gebrauch und Instandhaltung DIN EN 13414 3 2009 02 Anschlagseile aus Stahldrahtseilen Sicherheit Teil 3 Grummets und Kabelschlag Anschlagseile DIN EN 13889 2009 02 Geschmiedete Sch kel f r allgemeine Hebezwecke Gerade und geschweifte Sch kel G teklasse 6 Sicherheit igvw SQ P2 Elektrokettenz ge ISO 10042 200
17. ion and qualification of constructors gt gt igvw SQ PI Construction and manufacturing documentation in particular functional description danger and risk assessment construction and manufacturing documentation and proof of specifications static inspection by a certified test centre for equipment and product safety or a certified civil engineering test centre compliance with the product documentation in particular construction and loading capacity safety features protective earthing connection and user manuals 6 2 2 Inspections before entry into service Before putting a truss into service the contractor must make the necessary inspections Truss constructions must be inspected by a person who has suitable qualifications Necessary inspections can be completeness proof of previous inspections declarations of compliance labelling suitability for the designated operational conditions and environmental influences assembly and operating instructions manufacturer s testing instructions and criteria static analysis and or certification technical drawings The contractor makes sure that the results of the inspections carried out before entry into service are documented and kept available 23 gt gt igvw SQ PI 6 3 Inspections during use The safe status of the truss should be sustained during use Within the framework of the type of use the contractor carries out risk assessm
18. ladders BGI 810 edition 03 2008 Safety at productions and events guidelines DIN 4113 1 A1 2002 09 Aluminium constructions under predominantly static loading Part 1 calculations and structural design DIN 4113 1 A1 Amendment 1 2008 12 Aluminium constructions under predominantly static loading Part 1 calculations and structural design DIN 4113 2 2002 09 Aluminium constructions under predominantly static loading Part 2 calculations of welded aluminium constructions DIN 4113 2 Amendment 2008 12 Aluminium constructions under predominantly static loading Part 2 calculations of welded aluminium constructions DIN V 4113 3 2003 11 Aluminium constructions under predominantly static loading Part 3 design and qualification of manufacturers DIN V 4113 3 Amendment 2008 12 Aluminium constructions under predominantly static loading Part 3 design and qualification of manufacturers DIN 18800 1 2008 11 Steel structures Part 1 design and construction DIN 18800 2 2008 11 Steel structures Part 2 stability bending of bars and skeletal structures gt gt igvw SQ PI DIN 18800 7 2008 11 Steel structures Part 7 design and qualification of manufacturers igvw SQ Q2 Expert in event rigging DIN VDE 0100 540 2008 01 low voltage electrical installations Parts 5 54 selection and erection of electrical equipment protective earthing construction protective earthing cond
19. leitern BGR 198 Ausgabe 04 1998 Einsatz von pers hnlichen Schutzausr stungen gegen Absturz BGR 199 Ausgabe 04 2004 Einsatz von pers hnlichen Schutzausr stungen zum Retten aus H hen und Tiefen BGR 500 Ausgabe 04 2008 Betreiben von Arbeitsmitteln DIN 5688 3 2007 04 Anschlagketten Teil 3 Einzelglieder G teklasse 8 DIN 56950 2005 04 Veranstaltungstechnik Maschinentechnische Einrichtungen Sicherheitstechnische Anforderungen und Pr fung DIN 18000 2003 04 Modulordnung im Bauwesen DIN 18808 1994 10 Stahlbauten Tragwerke aus Hohlprofilen unter vorwiegend ruhender Beanspruchung DIN EN 1496 2007 01 Pers hnliche Absturzschutzausr stungen Rettungshubger te 34 gt gt igvw SQ PI EN 287 1 2006 05 Pr fung von Schwei ern Schmelzschwei en Teil 1 St hle EN 341 2006 06 Pers hnlicher Arbeitsschutz Abseilger te zum Retten DIN EN 353 2 2002 09 Pers nliche Schutzausr stung gegen Absturz Teil 2 Mitlaufende Auffangger te einschlie lich beweglicher F hrung DIN EN 360 2002 09 Pers nliche Schutzausr stung gegen Absturz H hensicherungsger te DIN EN 361 2002 09 Pers nliche Schutzausr stung gegen Absturz Auffanggurte DIN EN 363 2008 05 Pers nliche Absturzausr stung gegen Pers nliche Absturzschutzsysteme DIN EN 364 1993 02 Pers nliche Schutzausr stung gegen Absturz Pr fverfahren DIN EN 818 4 2008 12 Kurzgliedrige Rundstahlketten f r Hebeze
20. modular systems can be put together in any combination by the user A misalignment of the transmission of force due to end plates at the joints of individual trusses causes local bending Bending moments must be taken into account that can be caused by the application of force or support or suspension outside the framework nodes Documented evidence must be provided about the normal force bending moment and shear force of the truss connectors No permanent distortion may occur Note If trusses are used as a permanent part of physical structures their construction is governed by building legislation In such situations only trusses may be used that conform with EU building product guidelines and consequently with German building product laws Written verification of this must be provided by the manufacturer of the trusses 4 2 Information for users The contractor may only provide trusses for which the manufacturer supplies a user manual and assembly instructions in German The following information in particular must be included to ensure proper utilisation a definition of the mounting and operating positions instructions on the correct assembly of the system elements guidance on set up dismantling and operation instructions on rigging and support inducing in and output of forces information on the loading capacity of statically indeterminate systems for instance constructions with more than two supports or box
21. or planning assembly and operation according to the results of his risk assessment See also igvw SQ Q2 competence in event rigging gt gt igvw SQ Pl 5 2 Choice of trusses A decision on which trusses are suitable must be made on the basis of the following criteria the static system e g spans with two supporting points or multiple supporting point constructions the width of the span between the supports main loads dead weight payload static for installation without hoisting equipment main loads dead weight payload static and if necessary dynamic for installation with hoisting equipment live loads e g wind or snow load distribution point load uniform load area load additional loading due to persons working on trusses truss constructions additional loading due to measures taken to prevent persons falling ease of handling For types of construction and loading not covered by the user manual additional static analysis is required particularly with regard to stability and load carrying capacity Static analysis should be carried out by persons who have completed a relevant degree course and who can show that they have at least three years experience in construction static analysis or inspection of event technology equipment 5 3 Installation of trusses During installation all set up and utilisation instructions ensuing from the planning stage must be adhered to Stability and load bearing st
22. pe of support suspension and load application 4 3 3 Static analysis The contractor may only provide trusses for which the manufacturer can supply written evidence in German of a certified static analysis see section 6 2 1 with specification of the criteria of calculation and the norms used In addition the following information is also required maximum normal force in the chord profiles max n maximum bending moment max m maximum shear force max s 13 14 gt gt igvw SQ PI 4 4 Labelling The following must be permanently and visibly attached to the truss manufacturer month and year of construction mm yy model type serial number dead weight in kg 5 Use Only those trusses may be used that conform with the specifications laid down in section 4 Supply Trusses must be used in accordance with the specifications listed below Use means the operation transport storage maintenance and inspection of working equipment 5 1 Qualification and responsibility The job and responsibilities of each participating person must be exactly defined The operator of a building is in particular responsible for the quality loading capacity and the condition of the suspension points provided by him within the building and for the load carrying capacity of the floor He must provide the relevant documentation e g a loading capacity plan The contractor decides on the qualification required f
23. rength must be guaranteed at all times All constructional elements trusses connectors etc must be subjected to a visual inspection before assembly begins If there are any obvious defects such as deformation or material reduction of main chords and struts any kind of fissure slot formation at joints or their mountings and deformation of connectors these parts may not be used and must be clearly labelled as defective in order to prevent them being used by mistake at a later time Trusses must be installed using appropriate tools and in the assembly position planned by the manufacturer The supervisor in charge of installation approves the truss construction for further use The handover to other users or the operator should be documented in writing see Appendix IV Handover Protocol 15 gt gt igvw SQ Pl Protective earthing for trusses 16 Trusses which in the case of an electrical failure could take on dangerous contact voltages are to be incorporated into a collective protective earthing system This applies to all elements made from material that conducts electricity upon which equipment is placed or attached to or through which wires and cables run which in the case of an electrical failure could come into contact which metal parts Connections can be made with belt clamps pipe clamps bolted connections or with special unipolar locked socket connections The protective earthing system laid out in radial form should
24. s way possible deficiencies or damage can be detected soon enough to be corrected Repeated inspections are necessary in order to recognise and correct in due time deficiencies and damage that can occur during the operation of trusses After significant modification or an overhaul an inspection is necessary to check that the truss has been restored to a proper condition If as a result of the inspection doubts arise about the safety of a truss this truss may not be put into use until the defects have been rectified and a second inspection has shown the truss to be safe 6 1 Basic principles of inspections The manufacturer of trusses must make inspections on the basis of DIN 4113 Part 1 DIN 4113 Part 2 or DIN 18800 Part 1 6 2 Inspections before use Each purchase leads to a handing over to the buyer and is concluded with a formal commercial or administrative inspection as to whether the contractual agreement has been complied with and with a technical inspection and the handing over of the documentation required from the manufacturer or intermediary 6 2 1 Inspections before manufacture The contractor may only provide trusses for which the manufacturer can supply the following inspection results and documents Manufacturing plant and process DIN V 4113 3 Aluminium constructions under predominantly static loading Part 3 execution and qualification of constructors and DIN 18800 7 Steel constructions Part 7 execut
25. structures information on the loading capacity of jibs information on the use of trusses as vertical supports information on which dynamic factors were taken as the basis for the data on loading capacity information on protective earthing in particular with regard to trusses that are hanging or inserted or that have coated surfaces instructions on handling storage and transport instructions for maintenance overhauling servicing inspections information on the carrying out of regular inspections and criteria for removal from service information on the acquisition of spare parts 12 gt gt igvw SQ PI 4 3 Technical documentation The contractor may only provide trusses for which the manufacturer has supplied for each type of truss which he manufactures German language documentation with all safety relevant information The technical documentation must in particular include the following information 4 3 1 Technical data a list of all the parts of the truss type technical drawings dead weight materials used in construction a list of accessories 4 3 2 Loading capacity maximum uniformly distributed load maximum point load in midspan maximum point load at the one third span points maximum point load at the one quarter span points These values are to be given including details of possible combinations of trusses as foreseen by the manufacturer their installation position the ty
26. tic analysis of welded aluminium constructions are of particular importance When other material are used the appropriate state of technology rules are to be taken into account for instance DIN 18800 for trusses made of steel Companies that carry out welding operations on supporting elements must be properly certified Note The loading capacity of a truss depends on the construction materials used and production For the structural calculation of the admissible loading capacity the appropriate state of technology rules must be applied for all parts of the truss chords braces wall thicknesses connectors welding seams aes L Aluminium trusses are normally welded constructions made from semi finished products tubes plates and bars The semi finished products are often made of wrought aluminium alloy which was rolled out warm and which becomes softened under the influence of heat It is necessary to make allowance for the lower strength of the welding seams and heat affected zones in comparison with the basic material When different alloys are welded together the specifications of the less stable material are to be considered relevant Allowance must be made for additional bending moments caused by gt gt igvw SQ Pl eccentricity of the centroidal axes of the lattice nodes and other relevant parts The joint between two trusses must also be assumed to be the most vulnerable part of the whole construction because the
27. ting and load suspension equipment must always be followed When the loading capacity of lifting and load suspension equipment for a particular field of use has not been verified it may not be loaded with more than 0 5 times the loading capacity specified by the manufacturer When trusses are put up using synthetic or natural fibre slings a safety back up of wire rope or lifting chain must be used To protect trusses it is permissible to use wire rope with a loose plastic casing provided a visual inspection of the wire rope is still possible 5 5 2 Methods of lifting trusses When slings are used the corresponding load lifting factor is determined by the lifting method used The loading capacities calculated on the basis of the lifting method must be halved when persons are underneath the loads A distinction is drawn between the following lifting methods Single Fall or Drop Straight Stinger The Single Fall lifting method does not cause a reduction of the sling s loading capacity Load lifting factor 1 0 gt gt igvw SQ P1 Basket The Basket lifting method brings about an increase in the loading capacity of the sling The loading capacity is calculated by multiplying the clamping angle a of the sling by the corresponding load lifting factor 0 lt as12 Load lifting factor 2 0 Link to the 3D view 12 lt a lt 90 Load lifting factor 1 4 Link to the 3D view 90 lt a lt 120 Load li
28. uctors gt gt igvw SQ PI 3 Definitions Truss structural element made of metallic material Truss construction a structure made by combining a number of trusses Truss connector component used to connect trusses Truss adapter Gizmo Bracket Loadbar load carrying equipment made of metal bars with a suspension point and pipe clamps for connecting trusses and suspension or load bearing equipment Chord chord beam longitudinal bar of a truss Brace cross brace bar running diagonally vertically or horizontally Sleeve Block guide block used for moving trusses and truss constructions vertically on towers Tower vertical column Manufacturer maker of products i e the person who buys materials or pre fabricated elements and makes them into a product Loading capacity the load which a truss can safely carry Truss node joint connecting chord and brace End plate flat steel plate forming the end of a truss Uniformly distributed load UDL a load that is spread equally along the length of the truss gt gt igvw SQ PI Third point positions of two loads placed symmetrically each at one third of the total length Quarter point positions of three loads placed symmetrically each at one quarter of the total length Normal force total internal force acting along the longitudinal axis of a truss or one of its parts e g chord Shear force total internal force acting laterally on a truss or one of its parts e g chor
29. uge Sicherheit Teil 4 Anschlagketten G teklasse 8 DIN EN 818 6 2008 12 Kurzgliedrige Rundstahlketten fur Hebezeuge Sicherheit Teil 6 Anschlagketten Festlegungen zu Informationen Uber Gebrauch und Instandhaltung die vom Hersteller zur Verf gung zu stellen sind DIN EN 1492 1 2009 05 Textile Anschlagmittel Sicherheit Teil 1 Flachgewebte Hebebander aus Chemiefasern f r allgemeine Verwendungszwecke DIN EN 1492 2 2009 05 Textile Anschlagmittel Sicherheit Teil 2 Rundschlingen aus Chemiefasern f r allgemeine Verwendungszwecke DIN EN 1677 1 2009 03 Einzelteile f r Anschlagmittel Sicherheit Teil 1 Geschmiedete Einzelteile 35 gt gt igvw SQ PI G teklasse 8 DIN EN 1677 4 2009 03 Einzelteile fur Anschlagmittel Sicherheit Teil 4 Einzelglieder G teklasse 8 DIN EN 1677 5 2009 03 Einzelteile fur Anschlagmittel Sicherheit Teil 5 Geschmiedete Haken mit Sicherungsklappe G teklasse 4 DIN EN 1677 6 2009 03 Einzelteile f r Anschlagmittel Sicherheit Teil 6 Einzelglieder G teklasse 4 DIN EN 10002 1 2001 12 Metallische Werkstoffe Zugversuch Teil 1 Pr fverfahren bei Raumtemperatur DIN EN 13411 1 2009 02 Endverbindungen f r Drahtseile aus Stahldraht Sicherheit Teil 1 Kauschen f r Anschlagseile aus Stahldrahtseilen DIN EN 13411 2 2009 02 Endverbindungen f r Drahtseile aus Stahldraht Sicherheit Teil 2 Splei en von Se
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