User Manual - University of Oklahoma
Contents
1. K FK K K K K K K K K K K Part x X here varies from A to I The other lines have two or more sections The first section of each line except separator line is an explanation of this line it can be changed into any other phrase less than 80 letters at the user s will 4 1 Input File Information Part A Project name nzoia Run Style j Basic biffit D crest project example D crest project example trmmrt i PET pibimo __ D crest project example bibimo Export biffit D crest project example export i Discharge column D crest project example nzoia hyp txt The project name is nzoia it appears in the output filename The run style simu means simulation other possible run styles are cali automatic calibration line on line mode and some other debug modes Basic line shows the directory to search for DEM digital elevation model DDM drainage direction map FAM flow accumulation map and some other files file format is set as biffit binary format same size as DEM another choice is ascfit ASCII format same size as DEM which is compatible to ARCGIS ASCII format is compatible well between operation systems but W R speed is lower than binary format Rain line is the folder of precipitation data the possible format are trmmrt TRMM real time raw file trmmv6 TRMM raw file nmqbin2. Soil Layer2 Ws Soil Layer3 pR 1 i i TES 2 3 Ri min 1 1 Fig 1 Core components of the CREST model a vertical profile of a cell including rainfall runoff generation evapotranspiration sub grid cell routing and feedbacks from routing b variable infiltration curve of a cell c plan view of cells and flow directions and d vertical profile along several cells including sub grid cell routing downstream routing and subsurface runoff redistribution from a cell to its downstream cells 2 Compiling on Linux It is not necessary to modify the source code of CREST in order to change settings or basins The control file with a default name of control txt and basic grids dictate the necessary settings for running the model The control file name must be in lower case other wise it may not be recognized on Linux Unix operating systems 2 1 Using ifort compiler Compiling CREST is easy with any Fortran compiler The source code to CREST is contained within a single file for ease of use As such in order to compile CREST using ifort all that is needed is a simple command such as ifort o crest assume byterecl fpp crest1 6 f90 this will compile the CREST Fortran source code file into an executable named crest The Intel Fortran compiler has many other command line arguments to enable additional optimizations and other features For a full list
3. NMQ Binary file and 6 ascfit PET line is the folder of potential evaporation data the possible format are bibimo binary format bigger than DEM monthly data biffit and ascfit bibimo is global monthly mean PET data include twelve files Export line is the folder of output files the possible formats are biffit and ascfit Discharge line is the file of observation discharge used in automatic calibration the file name can be blank unless the run style is cali The possible format is column only 4 2 Sub basin Information Part B Sub basin Num 1 Sub basin 1 Null Part B is used for basin based parameter management it is to be improved and better documented in a later version 4 3 Run Time Information Part C Time Step h 3 Date Begin 2003010100 Date Warm 2001010100 Date 2003010200 Second section of Time step line is unit of time steps possible units in time step are y year m month d day h hour u minute and s second The last section of this line is the number of time steps The example here means run the model runs with a 3 hour time Step Date format in Date Begin line is defined as yyyymmddhhuuss the length is up to the time 66 99 66 step unit for example yyyy when time step unit is yyyymmddhhuuss when time step un
4. of the variable infiltration curve pB internally pIm refers to the Impervious area ratio This ratio is stored as a percentage between 0 and 100 pIM internally pKE refers to the multiplier to convert between input PET and local actual ET pKE internally pFc refers to the soil saturated hydraulic conductivity internally iWU refers to the initial value of soil water This is a percentage of the pWm and should therefore vary between 0 and 100 pOneW internally iSO refers to the initial value of overland reservoir pOneSto internally iSU refers to the initial value of interflow reservoir pTwoSto internally Rain refers to the multiplier on the precipitation field AreaC refers to the multiplier that modifies the area of grid cells Used for research and debugging purposes 4 5 Basin Outlets Part E Exit Numbers 1 RCorLL ClipRe no Location gauge 34 08749 0 1208334 Currently the maximum number of allowed exits is 255 the name and location of each exit should be given on separate Location lines RCorLL specifies if the exit number is relative to the basic grids DEM DDM FAM or in latitude and longitude A value of yes means the location of the exit is a column and row in the DEM a value of no means the location is longitude and latitude If ClipRe is set as yes model will clip the drainage area for the first exit to help user check the drainage ar
5. 63 2663616166 2663616169 2663616112 2663616115 Rain File Missed 2663616118 NaN CREST 01 5 Finished The first line is model version message The second line includes Exit Name Col Row Longitude Latitude and total drainage grids The third line is name of first exit and its simulated drainage area from DEM and The third line is name of kernel model used here combination of rainfall runoff and routing models The last but one line is statistic NSCE and BiasP between simulation in first exit and observation The last line is a succeed mark The others are information of each step following rules of no message means good message 6 1 3 Simulation Mode File Output Besides any possible 2 D files one file in export folder will be found after run the model in simu the name is defined as Project name simu finished time txt like file nzoia Simu 20091130155202 txt in the example It s a time series of regional mean values include eleven or more columns Date Rain PET actE Soil OneExc TwoExc OneSto TwoSto nzoia Gauge The first column Date is date and time the format is defined as yyyymmddhhuuss the length is determined by time step unit see Section 4 3 14 The last column Gauge is from observation discharge CREST will not do any temporal interpolation for discharge data missing data is marked as 1 Meaning of other columns is similar to wha
6. NASA OU CREST 1 6c README 27 May 2010 Draft version Table of Contents 1 A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE MODEL 2 COMPILING ON LINUX 2 1 USING IFORT COMPILER 2 2 USING GFORTRAN COMPILER 3 COMPILING ON WINDOWS 3 1 USING COMPAQ VISUAL FORTRAN CVF COMPILER 4 CONTROL FILE INPUTS 4 1 INPUT FILE INFORMATION PART A 4 2 SUB BASIN INFORMATION PART B 4 3 RUN TIME INFORMATION PART C 4 4 PARAMETER SETTINGS PART D 4 5 BASIN OUTLETS PART E 4 6 CALIBRATION SETTINGS PART F 4 7 GRID OUTPUTS PART G 4 8 RETURN PERIOD ANALYSIS PART H 4 9 END OF CONTROL FILE PART I 5 INPUTS 5 1 BASIc GRIDS 5 2 RAIN QPE INPUTS 5 3 PET INPUTS 6 RUN STYLES 6 1 SIMULATION 6 1 1 RUNNING IN SIMULATION MODE 6 1 2 SIMULATION MODE STANDARD OUTPUT 6 1 3 SIMULATION MODE FILE OUTPUT 6 2 AUTOMATIC CALIBRATION 6 2 1 RUNNING IN AUTOMATIC CALIBRATION MODE 6 2 2 AUTOMATIC CALIBRATION MODE STANDARD OUTPUT 6 2 3 AUTOMATIC CALIBRATION MODE FILE OUTPUT 6 3 ONLINE MODE 7 IMPLEMENTING OF THE CREST MODEL FOR OTHER BASINS ONNA 10 11 11 12 12 12 12 13 13 13 13 14 14 15 15 15 16 16 17 8 IMPROVEMENT AND HELP 18 1 A Brief Description of the Model The Coupled Routing and Excess STorage CREST distributed hydrological model is a hybrid modeling strategy that was recently developed by the University of Oklahoma http hydro ou edu and NASA SERVIR Project Team www
7. and description of how to use them consult the Intel Fortran compiler manual 2 2 Using gfortran compiler The source code to CREST is contained within a single file for ease of use As such in order to compile CREST using gfortran all that is needed is a simple command such as gfortran x f95 cpp input o crest ffree line length none O3 crest1 6 f90 this will compile the CREST Fortran source code file into an executable named crest The gfortran compiler has many other command line arguments to enable additional optimizations and other features For a full list and description of how to use them consult the gfortran compiler manual 3 Compiling on Windows It is not necessary to modify the source code of CREST in order to change settings or basins The control file with a default name of control txt and basic grids dictate the necessary settings for running the model 3 1 Using Compaq Visual Fortran CVF compiler TODO Write instructions here 4 Control File Inputs The model s input information is read in through the control file This file dictates everything configurable about the way the CREST model operates This includes input file locations time periods over which to run auto calibration and output file settings There are nine parts to the control file see example and separated by a separate line like K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K
8. e model will run from Date Begin defined in control file 29 There is one main output in online mode named Project name line txt such as nzoia Line txt The format of this file is same as Chapter 4 1 New result will be appended into this file and make it same as from one run Status files are very important to connecting different runs each run will generate three status files once one or more precipitation files have been detected Status files are named as 16 Project name Status date time OneW OneSto TwoSto bif they are compressed binary file such as nzoia Status 2003011100 OneW bif Online run need regular maintenance to clean old status files the frequency is up to your storage 7 Implementing of the CREST model for other basins The CREST model automatically runs over the region defined by the basic grid files Therefore if you are operating with global basic grids it is possible easily and quickly model an basin in the world by defining a new basin outlet as described in Section 4 5 In the event that the basic grids you are using do not cover the region which you want to model or if you want to model a region with a finer resolution then it is necessary to derive new basic grids The steps to do this are described below Fully implementing the CREST model on any basin can be achieved in a three step process 1 To implement the CREST model on another basi
9. ea or set a sub project from current project 4 6 Calibration Settings Part F Min NSCE 0 BiasP 100 Basic run 100 8 10 Criteria 0 005 An adaptive random search algorithm is nested in CREST Min NSCE and Max BiasP are used to screen out good parameters combinations from all randomly defined parameters combinations Basic run is the number of good parameters combinations which meet the above NSCE and BiasP scores to find before adapting the parameter span Top N is the number of parameter combinations to keep in order to adapt the parameter span Criteria value specifies that the automatic calibration will be finished when difference of NSCE between top N parameters combinations is less than this value 10 4 7 Grid Outputs Part G Part G is control of 2 D grid based output yes means output and no means do not output The run time of the model depends on the number of outputs A faster CREST model runtime can be achieved by reducing the number of outputs Output format is controlled by the Export format in part A see Section 4 1 All outputs are spatially interpolated to the proper resolution and clipped to either the basic grids or the drainage area depending on the setting of ClipRe in Part E Section 4 5 Rain no no Runoff no Soil j OneExc no TwoExc no OneSto no TwoSto Ra
10. eakI 0 01 0 5 yes 0 119561 Th 10 100 yes 54 522789 GM 0 5 2 yes 1 259213 pwm 10 500 yes 337 073669 pB 0 05 13 yes 0 961943 pIM 0 100 yes 8 852914 pKE 0 1 3 yes 0 387291 1 10 yes 6 506332 WU 1 100 yes 63 829159 SO 1 10 yes 2 040005 ISU 1 50 yes 26 156597 Rain 0 1 3 1 0 0 5 L3 no 1 0 refers to the slope flow speed multiplier internally expM refers to the slope flow speed exponent pExpM internally River refers to the multiplier used to convert slope flow speed to channel flow speed pCoeR internally Under refers to the multiplier used to convert slope flow speed to interflow flow speed pCoeS internally LeakO refers to the overland reservoir discharge multiplier PLeaOne internally LeakI refers to the interflow reservoir discharge multiplier PLeaTwo internally Th refers to the flow accumulation needed for a cell to be marked as a channel cell If a cells flow accumulation is greater than Th then the cells slope flow speed is multiplied by River The units km pTh internally GM refers to the change in DEM used for calculating the slope when the DEM for the downstream cell is higher than the upstream or the downstream cell is a nodata outside region cell pGm internally pWm refers to the maximal soil water capacity in depth of three soil layers pWmax internally pB refers to the exponent
11. ed in terms of latitudes and longitudes for the region you wish to model 5 2 Rain QPE Inputs The rain input is one of two input forcings for the CREST model Currently several input formats can be read by the CREST model The formats and features are summarized in the table below mm timemark 3B42RT yyyymmddhh 6A bin T T mm timemark 3B42 yymmddhhdd 6A HDF No No mm timemark 1HRAD HSR yyyymmdd hh00 Yes Yes mm timemark yyyymmddhhuuss txt Yes No mm timemark yyyymmddhhuuss txt Yes Yes mm timemark yyyymmddhhuuss bif 12 5 3 PET Inputs The Potential Evapotranspiration PET is the second input forcing for the CREST model 6 Run Styles Different run styles have different possible outputs the table below lists possible outputs for Yes No Yes each run style One Multiple One Yes Yes Automatically Yes No Automatically No Yes No 6 1 Simulation 6 1 1 Running in Simulation Mode To run the model in simulation mode the run style in the control file must be set to simu Precipitation data and PET data are also needed for the simulation period By default CREST reads the control file called control txt located in the current working directory However as of CREST 1 6c it is possible to specify the control file name as a command line option to the CREST executable 13 6 1 2 Simulation Mode Standard Output CREST 01 5 anso 164 43 6 4366006 15 68800 3345 666 anso 617996 6 km 2 Kernal 2663616166 26636161
12. in is the input precipitation unit is mm hour PET is the input PET unit is mm hour actE is the depth of simulated actual evapotranspiration unit is mm hour Runoff is the simulated discharge of each grid cell unit is 5 Soil is the depth of water filling the pore space bucket pWm unit is mm This is also the OneW status output OneExc is the depth of surface excess rain unit is mm hour TwoExc is depth of interflow excess rain unit is mm hour OneSto is depth of overland reservoir unit is mm hour TwoSto id depth of interflow reservoir depth unit is mm hour 4 8 Return Period Analysis Part H Part H is control of flood level on grid based return period analysis It s not available in this 11 example Level 0 Level Mark 4 9 End of Control File Part 1 Part I is an end of control file marker the model will not read in anything after this part this means the user can add comments after this line End Mark Check eof 5 Inputs 5 1 Basic Grids The DEM digital elevation model DDM drainage direction FAM flow accumulation map are the basic grids which define the region over which CREST will be able to model These can be derived using the supplied CNT Tool for sub regions of the globe The CNT Tool is able to resample and interpolate to any desired cell size for any user defined region of the globe All that is needed to use this tool is a bounding rectangle defin
13. it 15 s The last section of this line is a mark for status reading yes means user want to run the model by three 2 D status files as initial value no means the initial values are determined by parameters The 2 D status files are saved to and read from the Export folder if this setting is specified as yes Date Warm only effective in automatic calibration difference between simulation and observation discharge before this date will be omitted A wrong Date Warm will be corrected automatically Format of Date End line is same as Date Begin line the last section of this line is a mark for status writing 4 4 Parameter Settings Part D In total there are 17 parameters in this version Each parameter has an abbreviation the first section of each line a minimum value the second section of each line a maximum value the third section of each line and a current value the last section of each line A yes or no mark tells whether optimize its value during automatic calibration When calibrating the minimum and maximum values define the search range for each parameter and the current value is not used when operating in simulation mode the minimum and maximum values are not used and the current value is used for the simulation run Parameter Num 18 1 150 yes 107 67186 expM 02 0 9 yes 0 30501 River 0 1 3 yes 1 129872 Under 0 01 1 yes 0 869404 LeakO 0 1 1 yes 0 357427 L
14. n it is first necessary to derive the basic grids for the new basin region a Determine the latitudes and longitudes of a rectangle around the region which you wish to model These do not have to be precise by any means and can be pulled from Google Earth or Google Maps for an approximate region around the basin you wish to model The basin you wish the model on must be entirely contained inside the bounding rectangle you specify however b Derive the basic grids DEM DDM FAM using the supplied CNT Tool 2 A control file for the new modeling region needs to be created a Copy an existing control file even one of the provided example control files and modify the paths to point to the location of the new basic grids b It is likely that the CNT Tool produced DEM DDM and FAM grids that were NOT named appropriately In order for CREST to work with the DEM DDM and FAM files produced by the CNT Tool they must be named DEM txt DDM txt and FAM txt It is important to change the file format in the control file for the basic grids to ascfit see Section 4 1 for more details After the initial run with the newly provided ascii basic grids CREST will produce bif binary grids At this point the file format in the control file for the basic grids 17 be changed to biffit for faster model spinup times c At this point new basin outlets inside the modeling region can be defined as described in Section 4 5 3 The model can now be r
15. servir net CREST simulates the spatiotemporal variation of water and energy fluxes and storages on a regular grid with the grid cell resolution being user defined thereby enabling global and regional scale applications The scalability of CREST simulations is accomplished through sub grid scale representation of soil moisture storage capacity using a variable infiltration curve and runoff generation processes using linear reservoirs The CREST model was initially developed to provide online global flood predictions with relatively coarse resolution but it is also applicable at small scales such as single basins This README file and the accompanying code concentrates on and tests the model at the small scale The CREST Model can be forced by gridded potential evapotranspiration and precipitation datasets such as satellite based precipitation estimates gridded rain gauge observations remote sensing platforms such as weather radar and quantitative precipitation forecasts from numerical weather prediction models The representation of the primary water fluxes such as infiltration and routing are closely related to the spatially variable land surface characteristics 1 vegetation soil type and topography The runoff generation component and routing scheme are coupled thus providing realistic interactions between atmospheric land surface and subsurface water Atmospheric Forcing l Canopy Layer is Soil
16. t is defined in Section 4 7 Column nzoia is the simulated discharge at the exit grid the number and location is defined part E Section 4 5 6 2 Automatic Calibration 6 2 1 Running in Automatic Calibration Mode To run the model in automatic calibration mode the run style in the control file must be set to cali Precipitation data PET data and observed discharge Section 4 1 Discharge are also needed for the calibration period Resumption of calibration has been implemented in CREST v1 6b A saved information file called savedParams cali is written to the Export folder and will be read automatically on calibration startup if it exists 6 2 2 Automatic Calibration Mode Standard Output CREST 01 5 nzoia 146 34 88 749 9 1208334 14710 00 200 12021107 200912021107 200912021107 266912621167 266912621167 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 200912021107 266912621167 200912021107 200912021107 200912021107 200912021107 200912021107 1 6 663395 25 5535 6 683395 h poh ol A N The first line is model version message The second line includes Exit Name Col Row Longitude Latitude and total drainage grids Lines after that is finished time of each run following a run number Once CREST found any good parameters combinations it will show you the index NSCE BiasP and gap of top N good 15 results 6 2 3 Automatic Calibration Mode File Output In cali model the model will not output an
17. un for your new basin in any desired mode To get realistic results it is necessary to calibrate the model using a gauged station located near your new basin s outlet The automatic calibration built into the CREST model is the easiest way to calibrate the model 8 Improvement and help Future work Fix the bug when using gfortran compiler Improve the date manage engine Fix bugs in automatic calibration output Enhance performance for peak automatic calibration Improve routing subroutine for future possible upgrade Improve basin based parameter management Development and maintenance of the current official version of the NASA OU CREST model is conducted at the University of Oklahoma Remote Sensing and Hydrology Research Group http hydro ou edu and Center for Natural Hazard and Disaster Research located in National Weather Center http nwc ou edu For information about the current release of the CREST model or to get the source code for beta versions of releases under development send e mail to yanghong ou edu and include CREST Model in the subject line 18
18. y 2 D files automatically One specially output is named Project name cali begin time txt such as nzoia Cali 20091130155417 txt the file include 21 columns NSCE Bias 17 Parameters Index Run Num NSCE and Bias are statistic values between discharge of the first exit see Section 4 5 and observation 17 Parameters are 17 separate columns list the parameter values Index is a number of good parameters combinations Run Num is total number of runs before found that good parameters combinations It can be used in the appraising the parameter setting of your automatic calibration If automatic calibration is finished without any problem the top N parameters combinations will be added into the end of this file Besides that file there also some other outputs named Project name cali begin time Index txt such as nzoia Cali 20091130155417 3826 txt The format of these files are same as in Section 6 1 3 6 3 Online mode In online mode CREST will scan the latest precipitation file from now as the Date End and the latest status file from the found Date End as the Date Begin If user defined the Date End in control file earlier than present in purpose the model will scan from that earlier time If used in any project with predicted precipitation we need change the code If no new precipitation file has been found the model will terminate If no old status file has been found th
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