Senior Design Report for ECE 477 – Fall 2012
Contents
1. needed correction and eventually we sent off for a new set of boards A small setback as we were able to begin testing our code on a development board without working boards We incrementally tested each code module as it was finished instead of compiling all the functions onto one processor and testing it This allowed for easy demonstration of PSSCs in a one by one fashion By the semester the team was divided in half hardware packaging and software The hardware packaging team populated the boards debugged hardware problems and built the electrical housing while the other team working on software constantly developed and tested the code on the development board This method reached a critical moment when combining the two team s results together by putting the code on the working board It did not work the first few tries but after a couple days of debugging we were finally able to get a working board with our PSSCs working A 25 ECE 477 Senior Design Report 12 18 2012 e Summary of how realistic design constraints were incorporated into the project consideration of most of the following is required economic environmental ethical health amp safety social political sustainability and manufacturability constraints Economic Beginning the semester we believed we could be making Sports Telemetry Device into an actual commercial product to compete with similar existing devices To accomplish this we considered the market implication2. Demonstration of Outcome ii will be based on the individual lab notebook for which a minimum score of 60 will be required to establish basic competency Demonstration of Outcome iii will be based on satisfaction of 100 of the general success criteria and a minimum of 60 3 out of 5 of the project specific success criteria PSSC Note If a motherboard is used at least 2 of the 3 passing PSSC must involve functions implemented on the custom PCB Demonstration of Outcome iv will be based on the professional component homework for which a minimum score of 60 will be required to establish basic competency Demonstration of Outcome v will be based on the Design Review the Final Presentation and the Final Report A minimum score of 60 on the Design Review and a minimum score of 60 on the Final Report and a minimum score of 60 on the Final Presentation will be required to establish basic competency A 5 ECE 477 Senior Design Report 12 18 2012 Course Grade Determination Homework Several homeworks will be assigned related to key stages of the design project Some of the assignments will be completed as a team 0 1 7 13 15 16 17 three will be completed individually 2 8 14 and the remainder will be completed by a selected team member one from the set 4 5 6 9 and one from the set 3 10 11 12 Team Building and Project Idea Project Proposal PCB Tutorial Design Constraint Analysis and Compo
3. Design Project Milestones Each group is responsible for setting and adhering to their own schedule however there are several important milestones as listed in the table below Always expect the unexpected and allow for some buffer in your schedule Budget your time With proper budgeting senior design can be a very rewarding and pleasant experience See course schedule for homework due dates Week Milestone Formulate project ideas l Preliminary project proposal due 2 Research parts create initial block diagram and initial BOM Final project proposal due 3 Order sample parts learn Eagle capture layout 4 Create detailed BOM including resistors capacitors etc 5 Draw preliminary schematic Prototype interface circuits Finalize schematic 6 Begin PCB layout Begin prototyping software with EVB prototype Finalize PCB layout for Design Review 7 Continue software development Prepare for Design Review Continue software development FORMAL DESIGN REVIEWS Incorporate changes comments from Design Review 9 Proof of Parts due Final schematic due PCB file submission due 10 Continue software development on EVB 11 PCBs arrive begin populating testing Test PCB section by section as parts are added porting software as you go add 11 15 functions one by one so you know what it was that broke your code or your board when things stop working PSSC Demos Prepare for F
4. Number and Title ECE 477 Digital Systems Senior Design Project Semester Year Fall 2012 Advisors Prof Meyer and Dr Johnson Team Number 4 Project Title Automated Coffee Roaster Senior Design Students Team Composition Area s of Expertise Utilized in Expected Project Graduation Date Ethan Price PCB Programming December 2012 Shicheng Guo Programming Hardware Design May 2013 Kyle Haver Programming December 2012 Wesley Tso Programming December 2012 Project Description Provide a brief 2 3 page technical description of the design project as outlined below a Summary of the project including customer purpose specifications and a summary of the approach The automatic coffee bean roaster is a modified popcorn popper used to roast coffee beans automatically through the monitoring of the coffee beans in the roasting area The popper itself acts as the roasting unit and is mounted on top of a project box which contains all the non sensor components of the device The box has a 2x16 LCD display and three push buttons as a way to operate the device On top of the roasting unit there is the roasting cover with a smaller project box containing all the sensors mounted on top of the roasting area There will be a collection of wires running from the bottom of the roasting unit where the power cord used to come out of up to the project box and its sensors The target audience will be people that
5. Scores and Outcome 1 Avg Score 79 4 Passed 20 20 100 00 Falet 0 20 0 00 Objective i 4 Objective il 4 Objective ii 4 Objective iv 4 Objective v 4 Are the Learning Objectives appropriate If not explain Are the students adequately prepared for this course and are the course prerequisites and co requisites appropriate If not explain E Do you have any suggestions for improving this course If so explain especially the overall attainment of the course Learning Objectives did not meet your expectations RE LAB SPACE RE FACULTY INVOLVEMENT A 7 ECE 477 Senior Design Report 12 18 2012 Appendix A Senior Design Reports ECE 477 Senior Design Report 12 18 2012 Purdue ECE Senior Design Semester Report Course Number and Title ECE 477 Digital Systems Senior Design Project Semester Year Fall 2012 Advisors Prof Meyer and Dr Johnson Team Number 1 Project Title AutoCart Senior Design Students Team Composition Area s of Expertise Utilized Expected in Project Graduation Date Shi Jia Microcontrollers 5 2013 Tom Pollard Software 12 2012 Andrew Senetar Power Design Enclosures 5 2013 Yixin Wang PCB Design 5 2014 Project Description Provide a brief 2 3 page technical description of the design project as outlined below a Summary of the project including customer purpose specifications and a summary of the approach The AutoCart is a project
6. should discard our components if needed Ethical Testing is absolutely essential when considering ethical implications Our team has to be completely confident that our device cannot harm a user of our device Not only physical implications such as if the board breaks under the stress of a tackle but the data needs to be accurate as well If coaches or trainers are using our product they may rely on the data our device produces to judge whether a player has sustained injury If our data is wrong this could have severe consequences Health amp Safety Sports Telemetry Device has many factors to ensure user safety The batteries used in the device have been selected only from a producer that has rigorously tested their battery under very extreme conditions Our lithium polymer battery has been proven to not catch fire or leak acid under any foreseeable circumstance our device will be in Our head mounted device was designed to have not male pins protruding anywhere to avoid sharp points The base station has been given a cover to protect it from rain or any person reaching into the electronic connections All of the parts in the circuitry were analyzed for its reliability and we found that even our most failure prone part TPS62203 Switch mode regulator 19 5 failures 10 6 hours was still a very reliable part considering the reliability was calculated with such extreme forces and temperatures that humans would not likely survive in A 26 ECE
7. testing for the completion of each PSSC Summary of how realistic design constraints were incorporated into the project consideration of most of the following is required economic environmental ethical health amp safety social political sustainability and manufacturability constraints Economic This product was designed to be sold for relatively small amounts of money since it is primarily a toy We went for fairly cheap components in the building of our project so that it could be sold cheaply Environmental The main environmental constraint of our product was power consumption To help with these constraints we chose low power components and we decided to run our microcontrollers at the lowest possible clocking frequency Ethical Our main ethical constraint was to build a product that would not have a high premature failure rate We chose fairly high quality components to help prevent these failures ECE 477 Senior Design Report 12 18 2012 Health amp Safety The health and safety of a user of our product is always a main concern However our product does not have any large health and safety dangers so we did not need to incorporate many constraints based off of this Social The social constraints of our product are to produce an entertainment product The product should be fun and simple to use Political The only political constraints of our product it to make sure it complies with all state and federal laws tha
8. the EOG EEG and an external camera to create a virtual reality display which is overlaid with various applications and displayed for the user on a pair of commercially available video glasses The user is able to navigate between applications using eye gestures look left or right The signal received from the eye movements is filtered and amplified by analog circuitry then digitized by an external analog to digital converter module ADC and converted to left or right commands via a K nearest neighbor algorithm on a dsPIC microcontroller Once the user has navigated to an on screen application they are able to select an application by simply concentrating on it The user s level of concentration will be determined by a commercially available NeuroSky EEG The NeuroSky Mindwave is capable of returning levels of concentration and meditation which are computed and averaged on the device on a zero to one hundred scale The Mind Reader will retrieve this data via a universal asynchronous receiver transmitter UART connection implemented on a dsPIC_ microcontroller communicating with the Neurosky wireless dongle This device is designed for all users who are interested in mobile computing and want to make an attempt at future technology b Description of how the project built upon the knowledge and skills acquired in earlier ECE coursework The Mind Reader required knowledge from many previous courses that our team members have gained during the
9. the engineering design process was incorporated into the project Reference must be made to the following fundamental steps of the design process establishment of objectives and criteria analysis synthesis construction testing and evaluation The Mind Reader began as an idea to create a mobile brain computer interface that would be able to trace eye movements and read the users mind to complete tasks The idea seemed farfetched at first but our team developed a set of realistic goals to accomplish during this project Using these goals the team developed an updated device that we felt was realistic for a semester long project a mobile computing platform that allowed the user to navigate via eye gestures and select by raising their level of concentration Our team then determined a list of suitable devices that would make up our device based on an analysis of the goals of the project We decided on using a dsPIC microcontroller BeagleBoard Vuzix video glasses an EEG and an EOG to be the main components of our system Once the components were determined the team set out to create a schematic of the device that included all of the main components along with peripheral devices need to communicate between the main components This schematic was then translated into a printed circuit board that was optimized though many trial and error layouts until the team was Satisfied with the results When the PCB arrived back from manufacturing the boards n
10. to construct a self driving go kart with remote control and drive by wire capabilities It is targeted towards go kart enthusiasts with an interest in the relatively new field of automated consumer automobiles The specific purpose of this project is to integrate automation into an existing go kart chassis Aside from the frame wheels and pre packaged motors the go kart was assembled from individual parts ICs and PCBs The AutoCart is a driven by a 12kW BLDC motor for propulsion and two auxiliary linear actuators to realize steer by wire and brake by wire Vehicle power is sourced from 72V stacks of LFP batteries The 72V bus is stepped down to 12V and 3 3V to supply the Atom Board and vehicle electronics Vehicle electronics consist of five discrete MCUs on PCBs networked using the CAN 2 0B protocol and an Atom board interfaced to the CAN bus through a USB UART port The sinusoidal drive motor control board uses an existing Hall effect PMSM drive control library but the remaining vehicle controllers are written in house For vehicle automation i e lane detection and obstacle detection the AutoCart s software uses OpenCV for image processing b Description of how the project built upon the knowledge and skills acquired in earlier ECE coursework The AutoCart project encompasses a variety of subjects in the electrical and computer engineering field PCB design requires a thorough knowledge of linear circuits and transistors even more so f
11. were used for the popper were RoHS compliant While the roaster was drawing a lot of power from the outlet the amount of electricity needed to operate the device could not be lowered due to the amount of heat needed to roast the beans and the approach that was being taken for the roasting process Ethical The ethical concerns for this project are focused on the safe operation of the device Providing a dangerous appliance to the consumer that could damage their house or the user would be very unethical Health amp Safety The primary health and safety constraints that were considered for the project were based off of the potential accidents that could happen while operating the roaster which mostly pertained to potential fire hazards Due to the high amount of heat coming out of the roaster it was important that little to no harm would come to the user during the operation of the device Social The final product needed to be simple enough to use that anyone could operate the device It also needed to look good enough that the consumer would be okay with keeping it in their kitchen Manufacturability Since this would be a mass produced device it was necessary to keep all of the components relatively simple and limit the use of specialized hardware Description of the multidisciplinary nature of the project This project incorporated the majority of the curriculum from the ECE department starting with basic circuit design and gong all t
12. 477 Senior Design Report 12 18 2012 Social Developing a reliable tool to provide data on concussions could shed more light on problems currently afflicting sports such as football Terrible events have occurred within the past couple years alone related to concussions Researchers know that multiple sustained concussions can lead to many chilling side effects such as depression or even suicidal tendencies More in depth research into brain trauma is absolutely needed especially with the popularity of football in America We believe a device like to Sports Telemetry Device can help research groups studying these effects Political Someday in the future there could be a possibility that concussion research will change rules within sport associations like the NFL however that was not a factor when designing our project Sustainability Sustainability is obviously a large problem for a device that will be repeatedly hit with very large amounts of force To protect the head device we have the board sealed in a special memory foam casing in a headband the user will wear The packaging also has to be water resistant and resilient to heat Keeping Sports Telemetry Device working properly for extended periods of time has been a very difficult task and required proper planning and design Manufacturability Both the basestation and behind the head boards have only IC s and connectors to solder on There are no heat sinks or large components needed to be p
13. Anger yuayed ang uon ssiuiqns d lt a 0Z 01 00 6 83d pue 64 pO pz ony Aepua Aepsinus Aepseupem Aepseni Aepuow ym Aepud YVGNATV2 ISUNOD ZLOZ Wes 79204 Uisa roras swaskS jonb y 333 A 1 ECE 477 Senior Design Report 12 18 2012 Desien Project Specifications Requirements Work on the design project is to be completed in teams of four students The design project topic is flexible and each group is encouraged to pick a product that uses the strengths and interest areas of their group members The design must have the following components Microcontroller To help make the project tractable recommended microcontroller choices include Freescale PIC and Atmel variants Development tools are readily available in lab to support these devices Further the devices themselves are relatively low cost and readily available Optionally auxiliary processing can be accomplished using a motherboard Examples of these directly supported are Intel Atom and ARM based platforms Interface to Something Your embedded system must interface to some other device or devices It could be a computer or it could be some embedded device such as a Palm Pilot telephone line TV etc Some interface standards that could be used are serial to a computer parallel to a computer Universal Serial Bus USB Firewire Ethernet Infrared IR Radio Frequency RF etc This requirement has a large amount of freedom To help with s
14. For example you should not design an internet appliance if you have no idea how TCP IP works Also plan to use parts that are reasonably priced have reasonable footprints and are readily available Be cognizant of the prototyping limitations associated with surface mount components Be neatly packaged The finished project should be packaged in a reasonably neat physical sound environmentally safe fashion Complete specification and CAD layout of the packaging represents one of the project design components Not involve a significant amount of physical construction The primary objective of the project is to learn more about digital system design not mechanical engineering Therefore most of the design work for this project should involve digital hardware and software A 2 ECE 477 Senior Design Report 12 18 2012 Project Proposal Each group should submit a proposal outlining their design project idea This proposal should not be wordy or lengthy It should include your design objectives design functionality overview and project success criteria The five success criteria common to all projects include the following Create a bill of materials and order sample all parts needed for the design Develop a complete accurate readable schematic of the design Complete a layout and etch a printed circuit board Populate and debug the design on a custom printed circuit board Package the finished product and demonstrate its functio
15. Senior Design Report for ECE 477 Fall 2012 submitted by Prof David G Meyer December 18 2012 PURDUE UNIVERSITY School of Electrical amp Computer Engineering ECE 477 Senior Design Report 12 18 2012 Contents Co rse D SserIpti n ua ver erncetes asan waqaku EE EE washa TEE EREE E puan waqaku S S 1 Co rse Staff lt ocsisece ave ph daia Pegs taraen REE n KERA EEE E EE EE E Eaa RE EE Ei e A E ia l Lecture Schedule Course Calendar aarssssssssssssssssssssssssssasa 2 Design Project Specifications Requirements r 4 Design Project Milestones Jual us uay EEE E E dade vas kaos aE usa S Course Outcomes and Assessment Procedures rrssssssssssasasaa 6 Cote Grade Determinatio eisses n ea teense a ai o a 7 Cours Assessment Report aaassasasassssasaskayasqaqyasnaqyasy EEEE e ee eee 8 Appendix A Senior Design Reports ji Course Description Digital Systems Senior Design Project ECE 477 is a structured approach to the development and integration of embedded microcontroller hardware and software that provides senior level students with significant design experience applying microcontrollers to a wide range of embedded systems e g instrumentation process control telecommunications intelligent devices etc The primary objective is to provide practical experience developing integrated hardware and softwar
16. be fixed both in hardware and software The skills developed to be able to identify and remedy these errors were also invaluable to the team success and will surely be used again in the future Description of how the engineering design process was incorporated into the project Reference must be made to the following fundamental steps of the design process establishment of objectives and criteria analysis synthesis construction testing and evaluation While much of the design process was enforced for the team due to the schedule of the class the engineering design process was followed to assist with a proper implementation of the project Establishment of the team s objectives and criteria came into consideration before the team even decided on what project to work on for the class Because of the requirement to have five project specific success criteria for the project the difficulty of the criteria became a large factor in the decision of what project the team would go forth with The primary reason the team chose to work on the coffee roaster idea was because the project idea was the one that the team had the best idea of how to implement Analysis and synthesis were the next major steps for the creation of the coffee roaster a lot of which was poured into circuit design and PCB creation based of the schematic All the code for the microcontroller was done during these steps as well Because of the detail of work that was done during the
17. ced parts Aside from the main BLDC motor and associated drivers the go kart can be considered low cost The chassis consists of painted steel tubes supporting a plastic tub chair The drive assembly aside from the motor consists of a simple disk brake and a fixed ratio chain transmission Power is supplied through two boxes of LFP batteries which are up to 80 less expensive than common lithium ion batteries but typically have 50 lower energy densities Because the LFP batteries are rated for higher charge discharge cycles the lifetime cost will be lower Environmental Aside from trace amounts of lead and heavy metals in the assembled PCBs and the pollutants generated in the process of manufacturing them the AutoCart go kart is relatively environmentally sound for an electric vehicle While manufacturing and disposal of the battery is often a concern LFP batteries have longer lifetimes than standard lithium ion batteries and do not contain cobalt so the hazard from improper disposal is minimized A 10 ECE 477 Senior Design Report 12 18 2012 Ethical Although this project incorporates automation capabilities into a vehicle it is the human driver that is ultimately responsible for the vehicle Thus the AutoCart has inputs which keep the go kart from entering remote operation mode and includes overrides which transfer control back to the human driver as smoothly as possible Health amp Safety The go kart has many powerful moving part
18. ction of the code The ability to implement advanced motor control methods was also acquired BLDC motors unlike simple brushed motors cannot be driven by applying single PWM waveform to its terminals software drivers must switch the PWM input to generate a rotating magnetic field to spin the motor Description of how the engineering design process was incorporated into the project Reference must be made to the following fundamental steps of the design process establishment of objectives and criteria analysis synthesis construction testing and evaluation The engineering design process was incorporated into every part of the AutoCart project First the team selected a project subject and formulated five project specific success criteria for the subject Then project requirements budget and availability were analyzed to select components Once the Bill of Materials was completed work on PCB and software design began After components arrived and the PCBs were completed an iterative process of parts assembly testing evaluation and modification was repeated until the finished PCB was fully functional and met project requirements Summary of how realistic design constraints were incorporated into the project consideration of most of the following is required economic environmental ethical health amp safety social political sustainability and manufacturability constraints Economic The AutoCart is built out of modestly pri
19. ctionality has been limited including the microphone and the rotary encoder The microphone is no longer used to detect the cracks due to the level of background noise and the rotary encoder has been replaced by three pushbuttons It was also found that the camera chosen would probably not provide the color depth needed to be able to detect subtle changes in the coffee beans it is still able to detect the general color and is still useful as a dangerous condition detector With these changes the roaster is still able to monitor the roast of the beans automatically to get to the level chosen by the user A 23 ECE 477 Senior Design Report 12 18 2012 Purdue ECE Senior Design Semester Report Course Number and Title ECE 477 Digital Systems Senior Design Project Semester Year Fall 2012 Advisors Prof Meyer and Dr Johnson Team Number 5 Project Title Sports Telemetry Senior Design Students Team Composition Area s of Expertise Utilized in Expected Graduation Project Date Ashley Eidsmore Biomechanics Packaging Spring 2013 Jake Gilfix Software Wireless Spring 2013 Kayode Adeniji PCB Design Hardware Fall 2012 Brendan Claussen PCB Design Hardware Spring 2013 Project Description Provide a brief 2 3 page technical description of the design project as outlined below a Summary of the project including customer purpose specifications and a summary of the approach The Sports Tel
20. e for embedded microcontroller systems in an environment that models one which students will most likely encounter in industry One of the unique features of this course is that each team gets to choose their own specific project subject to some general constraints and define specific success criteria germane to that project In general this approach to senior design provides students with a sense of project ownership as well as heightened motivation to achieve functionality Course web site https engineering purdue edu ece477 Course Staff Name Title Role E mail Address Prof David Meyer Faculty Project Advisor meyer purdue edu Dr Mark Johnson Faculty Project Advisor mc johnso purdue edu George Toh Teaching Assistant Project Consultant ytoh purdue edu Blaine Gardner Teaching Assistant Project Consultant bobgardne purdue edu Charles Barnett Lab Technical Support barnettc purdue edu 12 18 2012 Senior Design Report ECE 477 Lecture Schedule Course Calendar 01 9 q Wd 00 9 Aq aulj uo payiugns yoday uBisag Jowag pue J lsoq Woday jeuly manay 193d enu puuoo uoneniPA3 Yooga oN GeT eul4 781 33SN Uu WY 0 11 0 6 Z 98d uo 3q IIM uolss s uolp u s 1d Peul ZL OL pue 1 L OL UO painpayds aq IM Wea YIL JO SmaIAay USI eUO4 ooz HHLM Buibeypeg bz dag ang sisfjeuy sishjeuy Jes 5 sI 10 7 1 f yuensuop pue Awiqeiey ubisag ang sisfeuy
21. ease of mounting Thus the assembly of the go kart was straightforward wherever possible The area near the BLDC motor was difficult to access and assemble but placing components there was influenced by the necessity of not creating high power antennas Description of the multidisciplinary nature of the project The AutoCart team consisted of two EE and two CompE majors Because the go kart has many design components each team member handled their own area of expertise One member was primarily responsible for product packaging and played an advisory role in the construction of the PCBs Another member focused on PCB design and assembly due to his previous experience in using Eagle and soldering Another member was solely responsible for developing the MCU software The final member was primarily responsible for developing the go kart automation and assisted with packaging and PCB assembly The AutoCart project is thus not only multidisciplinary but also each member is highly specialized ECE 477 Senior Design Report 12 18 2012 g Description of project deliverables and their final status Daughter board networked and fully functional Returns GPS telemetry and accepts commands from the Atom board Safety board networked fully functional and mounted Indicator LEDs can be driven to desired states but many headers are not yet connected to their intended sensors Steering board networked and fully functional Capable of re
22. ectrical engineers By the of this project the two computer engineers got more hands on experience in circuit building like the making of PCB whereas the two electrical engineers got more hands on experience in software programming the sensors as well as the microcontrollers Throughout the last few years we were not taught programming sensors and how to read in their values and then merge that with the project In this project we learned how to make use of the force sensors and stretch sensors We learnt how to use their values and transmit them through transceivers and communicate between microcontrollers Overall this project has given us a real world experience of all A 17 ECE 477 Senior Design Report 12 18 2012 the things we have learned through our coursework It not only taught us team building but also how to approach any problems we might face during our task Description of what new technical knowledge and skills if any were acquired in doing the project During the course of this semester several new technical skills have been developed Some members of the team learned how to use Eagle to lay out schematics In addition some members learned how to lay out PCBs as well as certain design considerations which should be made when doing so Some members also learned how to solder and assemble PCBs Finally all members learned to utilize MPLAB X and the IDC3 to develop software and program PIC18 and PIC24 microcontrollers Descr
23. eeded to be populated with all components and testing of the circuit commenced Our team ran into issues with power supplies as well as the reset circuit on the main board which both needed to be redesigned and reconstructed Our final product was looked at as a successful prototype although there are many design changes that would be considered for a second revision the device none the less was a success Summary of how realistic design constraints were incorporated into the project consideration of most of the following is required economic environmental ethical health amp safety social political sustainability and manufacturability constraints Economic Economic costs were taken into account often during the development of the Mind Reader The major components of the Mind Reader Video Glass EEG Microcontroller BeagleBoard consisted of most of the cost of the project Since the product is on the forefront of BCI development the product would be able to turn a profit ECE 477 Senior Design Report 12 18 2012 Environmental We have taken into account the environmental impact of our device which mainly is a concern with the lithium ion battery Other considerations during the manufacturing phase of the project were taken into account including PCB manufacturing soldering and integrated circuit manufacturing Ethical Ethical constraints were also taken into account to assure that the user would be safe during the operation of
24. emetry Device has been created as a tool to help researchers collect more precise data on brain injuries to athletes playing contact sports It is a small head mounted device that contains multiple accelerometers and gyroscopes placed in one of three places the back of the head behind the right ear and behind the left ear This allows for a very accurate description of actual head and brain movement while being tackled or hit This project was motivated by previous devices used by some researchers that have been substandard Other devices may provide data from bad or misplaced sensors and in some extreme cases would not even provide the raw sensor data that the researchers need Sports Telemetry Device aims to correct all of these difficulties neurotrauma researchers face b Description of how the project built upon the knowledge and skills acquired in earlier ECE coursework From day one our team had been using vast amounts of previous knowledge gained in the ECE curriculum When choosing components we had to examine datasheets thoroughly taking into consideration factors such as DC noise margin ECE 270 to ensure proper function of our parts In designing our power supply we found a problem with the recharging process by using circuit analysis ECE 201 To guarantee our power supply and battery recharge would not interfere with one another we developed a workaround with a low voltage dropout Zener diode ECE 255 305 Choosing and interfacing
25. f the project including customer purpose specifications and a summary of the approach The Piano Glove allows a user to play a virtual keyboard on any flat surface using a glove and a stationary base unit The final product is aimed primarily at children for use as a toy The glove contains pressure and stretch sensors which will detect finger motion This data will be digitized and pre processed on the glove with the data sent via an RF transceiver to the base unit The base unit will receive this data and combine it with data from the base station s ultrasonic distance sensor to determine the correct note and volume that have been played by the user The base unit will output this data using a sound synthesis chip and a 3 5mm speaker jack It will also be able to output data to an LCD display mounted in the case b Description of how the project built upon the knowledge and skills acquired in earlier ECE coursework This project has allowed us to make use of knowledge gained through ECE courses In courses like ECE 270 and ECE 362 we learnt how to program in assembly and microcontroller programming We learnt circuit analysis and design in ECE 255 ECE 208 and ECE 207 We learnt signals and systems in ECE 301 Although we had learnt all the concepts in theory and applied some of them in labs this project more or less made sure we applied whatever we learnt in last 3 years and more Our team consisted of two computer engineers and two el
26. he way to algorithms and coding The initial steps of the project focused on the hardware design of the project which used the skills of the team to select appropriate components based on their behavior and datasheets Once they were selected the components had to be integrated into the circuit including all of the additional hardware required to make them work This includes the addition of decoupling capacitors current limiting resistors and other components which were selected based on the calculated parameters Designing the PCB required both circuit analysis skills and knowledge of the electrical behavior within the PCB circuit After the PCB was fabricated debugging the hardware was done using the signal analysis and laboratory skills that have been developed throughout the ECE curriculum With all of the hardware working the final part was coding the software that would provide the logical interface between all of the components This required a great deal of coding using many different resources and tools A 22 ECE 477 Senior Design Report 12 18 2012 to create the final software and debug it Experience with microprocessors and c based languages were especially important to this last step Description of project deliverables and their final status The final automated roaster is operation though it has been modified slightly from the initial proposal The roaster has met all of the PSSCs set by the team but some of the secondary fun
27. inal Presentation Finals FINAL PRESENTATIONS 16 ECE 477 Senior Design Report 12 18 2012 Learning Outcomes Objectives and Assessment Procedures In order to successfully fulfill the course requirements and receive a passing grade each student is expected to demonstrate the following outcomes i an ability to apply knowledge obtained in earlier coursework and to obtain new knowledge necessary to design and test a microcontroller based digital system ii an understanding of the engineering design process iii an ability to function on a multidisciplinary team iv an awareness of professional and ethical responsibility v an ability to communicate effectively in both oral and written form The following instruments will be used to assess the extent to which these outcomes are demonstrated the forms used to score each item are available on the course web site Outcome Evaluation Instruments Used i Design Component Homework Gii Individual Lab Notebooks Gii Success Criteria Satisfaction general and project specific iv Professional Component Homework v Formal Design Review Final Presentation and Final Report You will receive 1 bonus credit for each course outcome you successfully demonstrate Demonstration of Outcome i will be based on the satisfaction of the design component homework for which a minimum score of 60 will be required to establish basic competency
28. iption of how the engineering design process was incorporated into the project Reference must be made to the following fundamental steps of the design process establishment of objectives and criteria analysis synthesis construction testing and evaluation The engineering design process that was incorporated in the design of the Piano Glove allowed for the completion of project specific success criteria PSSCs After the formation of PSSCs the project was split into multiple steps design constraint analysis component selection schematic design printed circuit board PCB layout software design PCB population software and hardware testing Each step advanced the project toward completion and was required in order to move onto the next step Objectives for each PSSC were thought out carefully in order to assure each goal addressed a critical part in the completed project An analysis of design constraints was made and scrutinized so that proper component selection could be made Components were selected to ensure that sound production computations were achieved in less than 10ms Schematic design was essential to ensure a properly working circuit for PCB layout Software was written to address the key elements required to be achieved by the Piano Glove Preliminary software was tested on development boards PCB was populated with necessary components where final testing of hardware and software marriage could be achieved Evaluation involved
29. ir studies at Purdue University The most relevant coursework to our project was in ECE 362 Microprocessor System Design and Interfacing The Mind Reader contains a microcontroller as the main unit for data transfer and processing contained in the project The Mind Reader also contained complex filters and amplifiers that built on knowledge obtained from ECE201 and ECE202 Our BeagleBoard application required the knowledge from previous programming classes in the ECE curriculum as well as object A 13 ECE 477 Senior Design Report 12 18 2012 oriented classes taken from the CS department and multithreaded programming from experience in industry Our project also contained hardware design and debugging which involved experience from past classes including ECE 270 ECE207 and ECE 208 Description of what new technical knowledge and skills if any were acquired in doing the project This project gave our team the opportunity to learn new technical knowledge including printed circuit board layout soldering techniques web page design and embedded design Before beginning work on the project our team had no experience with printed circuit boards and very little experience with soldering web page design and embedded operating systems While web page design may have been a small subsection of the project to keep track of our project s progress all other knowledge gained was vital to the correction functionality of our device Description of how
30. laced which makes manufacturability fairly straightforward The boards themselves are no bigger than a few inches in area and would keep resources needed to produce the boards low The housing for the head board currently is a head band but this is only a prototype The final product would be created out of a special carbon fiber material with rubber legs that would fit similarly to headphones but much slimmer Description of the multidisciplinary nature of the project Sports Telemetry Device required knowledge of not only electrical systems but mechanical physics and neurobiology We had to understand the mechanical forces that cause concussions and other brain trauma Without proper knowledge of the physical response of a skull to blunt trauma at various magnitudes and angles the sensors could not be properly oriented and the data we obtain would not be accurate We discussed the location of the sensors in depth with the Purdue Neurotrauma Group to gain better perspective of the neuroscience behind a concussion Description of project deliverables and their final status Our project comes in two packages One is a the BTE monitoring unit that will sit in a headband This unit has a microprocessor multiple sensors a NAND flash chip and a Zigbee IC The board is fully capable of gathering the analog data from the sensors writing it into NAND flash reading it from NAND flash and outputting the data via a micro USB connection The board is al
31. mote control and driving the steering actuator Braking board networked and fully functional Capable of remote control and driving the braking actuator Motor control board networked Still need to verify functionality of the three phase motor drivers Atom board networked and fully functional Remote control is possible through TCP IP Line following is partially functional obstacle detection is being worked on ECE 477 Senior Design Report 12 18 2012 Purdue ECE Senior Design Semester Report Course Number and Title ECE 477 Digital Systems Senior Design Project Semester Year Fall 2012 Advisors Prof Meyer and Dr Johnson Team Number 2 Project Title The Mind Reader Senior Design Students Team Composition Area s of Expertise Utilized Expected in Project Graduation Date Matt Waldersen Circuit Design Circuit Debug Spring 2013 Taylor Strzelecki Hardware Design Software Fall 2012 Rick Schuman Software Micro BeagleBoard Fall 2012 Krishna Jhajaria Software Fall 2012 Project Description Provide a brief 2 3 page technical description of the design project as outlined below a Summary of the project including customer purpose specifications and a summary of the approach The Mind Reader is a mobile computing platform that utilizes an electo oculargram EOG and an electroencephalogram EEG to create a mobile brain computer interface BCI The Mind Reader uses inputs from
32. n is actively discussed and engineers present concur with the current or amended design The design review is in some cases the last chance to catch errors before the design is frozen boards are etched and hardware is purchased A friend is not someone who rubber stamps a design but rather one who actively challenges the design to confirm the design is correct Approach the design review from a top down bottom up perspective First present a block diagram of your design and explain the functional units Then drop to the bottom level and explain your design at a schematic level Be prepared to justify every piece of the design a perfectly valid answer however is applying the recommended circuit from an application note If you do use a circuit from an application note have the documentation on hand and be able to produce it Your grade for the design review will not be based on the number of errors identified in your design The best engineers make mistakes and the purpose of the design review is to catch them rather than spend hours of debugging later to find them The design review will be graded primarily on how well the group understands their design and the professionalism with which they present it To facilitate the design review process the class will be split into subgroups that will meet at individually scheduled times Both the presenters and the assigned reviewers will be evaluated A 3 ECE 477 Senior Design Report 12 18 2012
33. nability issues were discussed briefly with our team during the design phase of the Mind Reader The sustainability issue was also covered in depth on the reliability and safety analysis paper Manufacturability Manufacturing was discussed along with the cost of the project and patent analysis The Mind Reader would be suited to be manufactured if the demand for our product would outweigh the costs The cost of the designing the Mind Reader is economically expensive but as stated the retail price of the product should be able to compensate for the increased production costs Description of the multidisciplinary nature of the project The development of the Mind Reader required knowledge for multiple disciplines consisting of computer engineering electrical engineering and biomedical engineering The Mind Reader brought together these three main disciplines to create a mobile brain computer interface An understanding of the biomedical side of engineering was needed to correctly develop a circuit that can be used to track eye gestures as well as an understanding of how an EEG and EOG work The use of electrical engineering was needed for complex filter and amplifier design for the eye gesture circuit Computer engineering knowledge was prevalent in the applications software that was written as well as the microcontroller communication protocols ECE 477 Senior Design Report 12 18 2012 g Description of project deliverables and their final sta
34. nality In addition to the success criteria listed above a set of five significant project specific success criteria should be specified The degree to which these success criteria are achieved will constitute one component of your team s grade Forms for the preliminary and final versions of your team s project proposal are available on the course web site Use these skeleton files to create your own proposal Note that the proposal should also include assignment of each team member to one of the design components as well as to one of the professional components of the project Group Account and Team Webpage Each team will be assigned an ECN group account to use as a repository for all their project documentation and for hosting a password protected team web page The team web page should contain datasheets for all components utilized the schematic board layout software listings interim reports presentation slides etc It should also contain the individual lab notebooks for each team member as well as the progress reports prepared in advance of the weekly progress briefings for each team member At the end of the semester each team website will be archived on the course website Design Review Part way through the design process there will be a formal design review This is a critical part of the design process In industry this phase of the design process can often make or break your project A good design review is one where a desig
35. nent Selection Rationale Packaging Specifications and Design Hardware Design Narrative Preliminary Schematic PCB Design Narrative Preliminary PCB Layout PCB Submission Final Schematic and Parts Acquisition Fit Peer Review Midterm 10 Software Design Narrative and Documentation 11 Patent Liability Analysis 12 Reliability and Safety Analysis 13 Ethical Environmental Impact Analysis 14 User Manual 15 Peer Review Final 16 Senior Design Report 17 Final Report 18 Poster Grade Determination Your course grade will be based on team effort 40 as well as your individual contributions 60 as follows O co N Oy Or z GD FD INDIVIDUAL COMPONENTS 60 of tot distribution of individual component Significance of Individual Contribution System Integration and Packaging i Design Review and Final Presentation Peer Eval User Manual i Confidential Peer Reviews Senior Design Report f TCSP Peer Reviews 9 Poster PCB Tutorial PCB Proof of Parts Class Participation Clicker Exercises tenis decry read TO OUTCOME aaNet Cass Participation Team Exercise Your Raw Weighted Percentage RWP will be calculated based on the weights above and then curved i e mean shifted with respect to the upper percentile of the class to obtain a Normalized Weighted Percentage NWP Equal width cutoffs will then be applied based on the Windowed Standard Deviation WSD of the raw class score
36. ng over USB could be All of these components along with our many sensors had to be small enough to fit on the back of a human head without discomfort This made all of our components incredibly small and very difficult to work with which in turn taught us how to deal with and solder tiny pins pads Description of how the engineering design process was incorporated into the project Reference must be made to the following fundamental steps of the design process establishment of objectives and criteria analysis synthesis construction testing and evaluation Our team knew we needed to capture data store data then output the data via a reliable method in a safe fashion There was no compromising on those core requirements With that in mind we also knew that all of our parts had to be low power and small form factor These were the considerations in creating our part selection After the sensors NAND flash and USB were chosen to accomplish our core criteria we also decided to implement a wireless feature into our product to allow for real time data transfer while the athlete was actually experiencing possible brain trauma The method of transfer required a discussion into what method should be used Topics such as cloud storage Bluetooth and Zigbee were brought up In the end we determined the lowest power and most efficient method of transfer was Zigbee Our boards arrived with some errors not board fabrication errors but layout errors that
37. ome of the more complex interfaces such as Ethernet USB or Firewire there are dedicated chips which encapsulate the lowest layers of the interface This makes using these interfaces easier to handle but not necessarily trivial Be sure to investigate the interface s you wish to utilize and make a reasonable choice NOTE Interfaces involving A C line current require special permission see the instructor for details Custom printed circuit board Through the process of the design each group will be required to draw a detailed schematic From the schematic a two layer printed circuit board will be created Board etching will be processed by the ECE Department the first one is free but any subsequent iterations are the team s responsibility The team is then responsible for populating the board solder the parts on the board and for completing the final stages of debugging and testing on their custom board Be of personal interest to at least two team members It is very difficult to devote the time and energy required to successfully complete a major design project in which you and or your team members have no personal interest There are lots of possibilities ranging from toys and games to useful and socially redeeming household items like audio signal processors and security systems Be tractable You should have a basic idea of how to implement your project and the relative hardware software complexity involved
38. or motor driver circuits Assembling PCBs and discrete packages builds on soldering and power tool skills from prior projects Any mistakes in the original design were fixed using PCB modification techniques honed in during the ECE 362 mini project Familiarity with reading data sheets is also necessary to ensure that in house circuits are electrically compatible with packaged ICs such as microcontrollers and drivers and that in house software peripheral drivers meet the specifications of said peripherals A 9 ECE 477 Senior Design Report 12 18 2012 MCU software development builds on the peripheral interfacing experience from ECE 362 as well as software development skills from C programming classes Description of what new technical knowledge and skills if any were acquired in doing the project The AutoCart required knowledge of several subjects which are not in Purdue s general ECE curriculum The most advanced of these was the automated image analysis and driving software Implementation of the software required learning how to work with large software libraries to implement complex and experimental techniques The knowledge of working with C in an embedded interrupt driven environment was acquired Because the vehicle electronic control software codebase spans five boards the use of a high level language for embedded programming was necessary but the abstraction creates pitfalls such as compiler optimizations changing the intended fun
39. previous steps the actual construction of the project was pretty straightforward and was done fairly quickly However the testing stage for the devices took much more time The code and circuitry needed to be reworked a number of times during the stage and the programming had to be rewritten a few times as well Due to the deadline on hitting the evaluation stage the testing stage was cut short of doing complete tests and a lot of the evaluations were done based off the operation of the individual sensors over the evaluation of the project as a whole A 21 ECE 477 Senior Design Report 12 18 2012 e Summary of how realistic design constraints were incorporated into the project consideration of most of the following is required economic environmental ethical health amp safety social political sustainability and manufacturability constraints Economic One of the biggest constraints that the team was considerate of during the creation of the roaster was the cost of the components Because the roaster was meant to be a household appliance the team decided that the best course of action would be to make manufacturing cost of the roaster as low as possible so it would be affordable for consumers Environmental Unfortunately a lot of the environmental issues with the product pertained to the manufacture and disposal of the electronics and PCB which were all out of control However the team made sure that all of the components that
40. s the minimum Cutoff Width Factor CWF used will be 10 i e nominal cutoffs for A B C D will be 90 80 70 60 respectively Letter grades in the upper 30 of each range will have a designation and those that fall in the lower 30 of each range will have a designation A 6 ECE 477 Senior Design Report 12 18 2012 Course Assessment Report Course ECE 477 Instructor Submitted by D G Meyer Please list the course Learning Objectives Formally Course Outcomes You can copy and paste from ECE Course Descriptions responsiblity v an ability to communicate effectvety in both orat and written form It is recommended that at least 20 of students who received a passing grade will have also demonstrated attainment of each Learming Objective What was your target percentage ff other than 20 please explain the senior design level our S that 100 ofthe students who receive 3 pasang grade shouid be abie 10 a Gemonsirate all of the objectives based on a passing threshold of 60 Learning notebook maintained By each student nas perenrialy been the most roublesome to efectively demonstrate ty Pic anha erst not sc onana 30 It chuii hava haar hanno iha umernartecty hinh sibiro rate 158 far saminn In this course what percentage of students who received a passing grade demonstrated attainment of each Learning Objective If this is below the target percentage please explain z werage
41. s and a 72V power bus which may be exposed to the operator The linear actuators for steering and braking can provide significant mechanical force and so their operation must be quickly switched off within 10ms of pressing any of the manual override switches The 72V bus will be enclosed within a Plexiglas housing to prevent accidental contact and short circuits In the event that a short does occur the high voltage contactor or the 200A fuse will cut power to the system In the event of sudden acceleration or a roll over seat belts secured to the go kart frame and a roll cage will protect the passenger from injury Social Although the social impact of a go kart designed for a niche racing sport is limited in scope the use of a sinusoidal motor controller and high frequency PWM minimizes the noise pollution generated by the vehicle Political The operation of this go kart will be intended for racing tracks and private lands No considerations for street legality were made in the planning and construction of the vehicle Sustainability Aside from the pollutants generated by the manufacturing of PCB and the batteries many components of the go kart are recyclable The metal frame can be recycled reprocessed the copper power cables can likewise be reused the LFP batteries contain common elements and can be recycled if necessary Manufacturability In the design and construction of the go kart component placement was heavily influenced by the
42. s of each function we included and how it would affect issues such as pricing efficiency and safety The pricing component is dependent upon component selection and ease of board fabrication assembly While the behind the head board a fairly complex layout it could not be simplified any more in the constrained space it has The base station was designed to be fairly straightforward with minimal parts and board space needed The component selection was also designed to be low power to allow for extended use on the sports field which would give the device more value than other competitors Environmental Sports telemetry device consumes very little power at approximately 70mA at its most active behind the head board A capacitive sensor is also in place to provide extra power savings when the device is not in use The battery has the ability to provide enough power for roughly 6 hours on the head mounted board This coupled with the battery s guaranteed 300 recharge life cycle comes out to approximately 1800 hours of use on a single battery lifetime The NCAA limits players no matter the sport to spend no more than 20 hours a week on their sport Even if the player spends the absolute maximum amount of time on the field it would still last 90 days before the battery needs to be discarded This limits the amount of Lithium polymer batteries the consumer would discard into the environment In our user manual we have gone into detail on how the consumer
43. s were very useful as A 20 ECE 477 Senior Design Report 12 18 2012 well because the team s microcontroller programming used the Arduino software stack which needed to be programmed in C Description of what new technical knowledge and skills if any were acquired in doing the project There were many new technical skills learned during the completion of this project This was one of the first classes to introduce the topic of PCB design which includes many different facets and pitfalls Going through the process of designing and testing a custom PCB was a valuable learning experience It also required a fair amount of soldering which has been somewhat practiced in the ECE curriculum but not to the extent that it was on this project Besides hardware skills this project also exposed the team to several new software skills including working with the Processing environment and AVR programming The Processing environment was where the majority of the project code was written and while it uses a language very close to C there are also many new libraries and slightly different coding conventions Programming for the Hacrocam was done in C which the team already has experience with but it also required the intermediary step of programming the device using AVR software This provided exposure to the various tools and methods used to program these devices As the project was completed there were also numerous errors and bugs that needed to
44. so capable of recharging its lithium polymer battery when USB is plugged in This satisfies 4 5 PSSCs The base station is fully constructed with a plastic housing box but the microprocessor is not functional and can only recharge the battery when plugged However the all functions of the base station are redundant and are found on the monitoring unit as well The last PSSC was to establish a mesh network which was not completed Inadequate Zigbit IC documentation really hindered any progress to establish a network A 27
45. t applies to it Sustainability Our product would need to survive everyday use by users in a wide age spectrum This would require making a product that can sustain daily wear and tear Manufacturability The product would require the manufacturing of two main parts the manufacturing of the glove unit and the manufacturing of the base unit Description of the multidisciplinary nature of the project The design and implementation of the Piano Glove incorporates electrical and computer engineering as well as the expertise of a pianist Electrical engineers design the analog to digital circuitry needed as well as sound production Computer engineers ensure that digital components work as desired with emphasis on the microcontroller and embedded software required for it to work The expertise of a pianist is important for the design and implementation of haptic interface This is to ensure that the glove is comfortable and suitable for play g Description of project deliverables and their final status e The ultrasonic Ping is working correctly we can measure the distance to the glove using the Ping connected to the dev board e The force and pressure sensors have been successfully read by the glove micro ATD channels and formatted for use by the base micro e The SpeakJet chip has been successfully used to create sounds using the dev board A 19 ECE 477 Senior Design Report 12 18 2012 Purdue ECE Senior Design Semester Report Course
46. the device We needed to assure that any consumer using the device would be at no risk for their health during use or no negative effects on the user s health in the future due to the use of our device Health amp Safety Health and safety constants were taken into account to assure that the user would be safe during the operation of the device The user is connected to a complex analog circuit via electrodes placed on the user face We needed to assure that there is no chance of the circuit running current through the user s skin We also took into account the use of RF signals close to the user s head and how this could affect the user s health Social While looking at the social impact the Mind Reader would have on the population our team looked into how the device would be used and the effects that the device could have on how the population social interacts The Mind Reader has the potential to greatly affect the population from a social standpoint because of its new aged methods of interacting with a computing system Political The political constraints taken into account for the Mind Readers development mainly consisted of research into current patents that were filed that contain functionality that the Mind Reader also contains We needed to be sure that if our device were to be taken into a manufacturing state that the team would be free of legal trouble that may be accompanied with manufacturing the Mind Reader Sustainability Sustai
47. to our microprocessor required knowledge from ECE 362 while debugging our completed circuits needed previous experience with measuring equipment such as oscilloscopes and digital multi meters ECE 207 208 Many of the core ECE classes were put to the test in designing our system A 24 ECE 477 Senior Design Report 12 18 2012 c Description of what new technical knowledge and skills if any were acquired in doing the project The course began first by teaching us how to design and layout circuit boards in Orcad which our team was not familiar with There are various aspects of a PCB that our team had to learn along the way such as capacitor placement trace size and various lessons about ground planes We also had to interface with a radio frequency Zigbee module which was an entirely new concept to the team A highly sensitive RF chip requires a lot of planning and consideration in the PCB design Board size IC placement and via placement were all effected by the Zigbee module When we decided to use a NAND flash to store our data we had to learn the ins and outs of NAND flash both the hardware and software side We did not use a premade solution to interface to the NAND but rather preformed all communication with our microprocessor giving us great insight how NAND flash memory operates Our project also supports USB connection to a laptop which has been an incredibly enlightening experience None of our team had any idea how complex talki
48. tus The Mind Reader in its final state is a head mounted mobile computational platform The device captures a live video feed from the front of the user and displays the video stream with overlaid applications and graphics for the user on a pair of video glasses The user is able to select applications based on their attention levels A rise in attention over a period of time is sensed by an EEG and information is transferred to a dsPIC microcontroller where it is passed through a selection algorithm The device also contains a circuit that can accurately filter and amplify eye gestures The external analog to digital converter was not functional by the end of the project so the user is unable to move in the virtual reality display ECE 477 Senior Design Report 12 18 2012 Purdue ECE Senior Design Semester Report Course Number and Title ECE 477 Digital Systems Senior Design Project Semester Year Fall 2012 Advisors Prof Meyer and Dr Johnson Team Number 3 Project Title Piano Glove Senior Design Students Team Composition Area s of Expertise Utilized in Expected Project Graduation Date Carolyn McMican Hardware Software Design May 2013 Daniel Stein Hardware Software Design December 2012 Jonathan Kuntzman Software Design May 2013 Mihir Shah Software Packaging Design December 2012 Project Description Provide a brief 2 3 page technical description of the design project as outlined below a Summary o
49. want to take the entire coffee making process into their own hands as this is one of three steps used to make coffee Also the roaster is designed for indoor use on a flat surface as the device does not complete the coffee making process b Description of how the project built upon the knowledge and skills acquired in earlier ECE coursework There was a lot of prior information that was needed to succeed in the creation of the coffee roaster The first major skill needed was circuit analysis which was taught early on in the ECE curriculum This was used to find values the team needed to find capacitor and resistor values during circuit design and while formulating the constraints for the project The respective labs for the courses also helped the team become familiar with the use of signal measuring equipment to analyze the circuit when it came to troubleshooting The classes on digital systems design and microprocessors that were taught later on in the curriculum helped the team get a better understanding of integrated circuits and microprocessors In addition the microprocessor class taught the basics of soldering which was used extensively in the project creation The class also started the trend of having final projects in the curriculum which was a great introduction to putting together ECE knowledge for a self decided project and was very much like an shortened version of the senior design project creation A lot of the programming course
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