Home

AUTOMOTIVE SERVICING - DepED

1. Information This sign is a very legibly printed and very noticeable placard that informs people of the purpose of an object or gives them instruction on the use of something Emergency Indicates first aid health fire protection and emergency equipment White on green AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 86 General Information Indicates permission or public information White on blue Common Safety Signs FIRST AID EQUIPMENT GENERAL WATER TAP MANNED FIRST AID STATION ELECTRICAL SWITCH HIGH VOLTAGE CORROSION HAZARD SLIPPERY FLOOR pE exit FIRE EXIT pou Emergency siap EMERGENCY STOP FLAMMABLE MATERIAL STAIRS GOING INFORMATION UP TELEPHONE INDUSTRIAL VEHICLE TIP HAZARD RISK OF FALLING TOXIC MATERIAL AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 87 WEAR EYE PROTECTION SWITCH OFF WHEN NOT IN USE SMOKING PROHIBITED ALCOHOL PROHIBITED KEEP AREA WEAR HAND PROTECTION CORRECTLY WEAR FOOT WEAR FOOT PROTECTION PROTECTIVE AND LEG CLOTHING PROTECTION Regulatory Prohibition Signs NO EATING OR DRINKING NO ENTRY OPEN FLAMES MOBILE PROHIBITED PHONE PROHIBITED WEAR FACE SHIELD POSITION GUARDS BEFORE STARTING LITTERING PROHIBITED AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 88 How Much Have You Learned Self Check 1 1 ye
2. 5 Which sign represents a PEDESTRIAN CROSSING l A o0 6 Which of the following signs is indicating a high risk circumstances is present AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 83 A HIGH A B VOLTAGE 7 If you see this V what should you do A aQ A Maintain speed and just go because you have the right of way B Stop right away C Slow down or stop if necessary and wait until it s clear to go D Must turn right and always keep on the right side of the road 8 Identify which is the opposite sign of Q j 9 Categorize these sions gt and X 1O A Mandatory B Regulatory C Warning D information 10 Categorize these signs Q d and oO A Mandatory B Regulatory C Warning D information B Directions Write the letter of the correct answer on the space provided in eachnumber s amp s B B B 1 Indicates that one of the doors is not properly closed C 2 Charging system problem is detected 3 The engine is experiencing low oil pressure 4 Excessive engine cooling system temperature 5 Hand brake is engaged Criteria for Evaluating Results of Pre Test 100 skip the Learning Outcome and proceed to the next Learning Outcome 99 below Go through the Learning Outcome AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 84 feo What Do You Need To Know Read Information Sheet 1 1 very well then fi
3. 1 Needs Improvement The topic was unclear and there was no main idea at all Presentation was not completed on time and manner of speaking was too fast or too slow Spoke unclearly with inadequate and incomplete explanation Only two 2 out of four 4 information were included technical issue statement of the problem conclusion recommendations 91 Rating Scale 9 12 Better 5 8 Good 1 4 Needs Improvement WHAT IS YOUR SCORE How Do You Extend Your Learning Directions Introduce yourself to the traffic police aide as automotive servicing student Interview him about the importance of traffic signs and symbols to the pedestrians AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 92 9 i What Do You Need To Know Read Information Sheet 1 2 very well then find out how much you can remember and how much you learned by doing the Self check 1 2 Information Sheet 1 2 fe Analyze Signs Symbols And Data Automotive servicing doesn t end on finishing the job in an auto repair shop When necessary a road test is performed to conduct a closer observation on a vehicle To do this the one who performs the job must be knowledgeable in driving a holder of a driver s license and knows by heart the meaning of different traffic signs and symbols Traffic signs not just provide information but guide and keep safe the motorist and the community from accident Common Traffic Sig
4. AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education Page 131 eer 4 n Ad we lt a g rb y 3 te t ia D The BULB light bulb symbol can represent any type of light bulb headlight taillight etc This symbol represents a MALE FEMALE CONNECTOR If it is a one piece multiple wire connector harness the connectors will be surrounded by a box Crossed Wires Connected A dot at the intersection of wires is a permanent CONNECTION point or splice If there is no dot at the intersection of the N F lines then those wires are not connected Crossed Wires Not Connected Relay Coil A fixed RESISTOR is an electrical device that is used to reduce current flow MOTOR is an electrical device that converts electrical energy to mechanical energy in a rotary motion HORN is an electrical device that converts electrical energy into sound COMMON DRAWING SYMBOLS AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 133 SYMBOL DATUM TOLERANCE VALUE STRAIGHTNESS PPPE FLATNESS POOE O EETA if PARALLELISM ee ee PERPENDICITY PROFILE OF LINE eens PROFILE OF SURFACE ET conn Pf ror meow l Heavy Section Lines Light Hidden Lines Me diun M rr _ Center Lines _ Light E B Dimension and p Extension Lines me 4 UN Heavy Heavy a E a a O a S S ge Break Lines f
5. 1 Safe use of hand tools 2 Proper safekeeping and storage of hand tools 3 Interpreting safety signs and symbols 4 Using safety Personal Protective Equipment PPE AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 48 How Well Did You Perform Find out by accomplishing the Scoring Rubric honestly and sincerely Remember it is your learning at stake PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT Name Year amp Section Course Time Allotment Module Title Grading Period Unit of Time Performance Competency Tasks Level Use of Hand kaana kiaad Classify tools ai a Pe fof fo tools use LO2 Prepare Use Hand and Use Hand tools tools LO3 Create Prepare Report of Report of Malfunctioning Malfunction Tools Tools LO4 Maintaining ea and Handicol store tools in safe place Average AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 49 Completeness Safety Performance Rubrics Oc A A Performs the task with competence and exceptional performance Performs the task with no error Performs all the steps in sequence Follows all the safety practices as set in the guidelines TOTAL RATING SCALE PL 21 25 91 100 16 20 86 90 11 15 81 06 10 76 80 01 05 71 75 WHAT IS YOUR SCORE Performs the task with competence and with standard performance Performs the task with at least 1 2 errors Performs the task with at least 2 3 steps not met Follo
6. 1 4 Needs Improvement WHAT IS YOUR SCORE AUTOMOTIVE Manifested some working knowledge of the concept with few errors Performed the skill process accurately but not automatically Demonstrated the skills correctly but not easily Demonstrated a level of completion at 85 K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education Manifested few working knowledge of the concept with many errors Performed the skill orocess with significant errors and cannot actually do the Skill process Demonstrated the skills but made some mistakes Demonstrated a level of completion at 65 105 How Do You Extend Your Learning 1 Using the internet download the different signs and symbols found on the dashboard panel of a vehicle AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 106 LEARNING OUTCOME 2 Interpret Technical Drawings and Plans PERFORMANCE STANDARDS e Necessary tools materials and equipment are identified according to the plan e Components assemblies or objects are recognized e Dimensions and specifications are identified according to job requirements Materials a N5 Sample drawing Schematic diagram of electrical circuit Pictorial diagram of electrical circuit Wiring diagram of a vehicle Layout diagram Sample plan Technical drawing AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 107 What Do You Already Know Let us determi
7. Accuracy Performs the task with Performs the task Performs the task no error with at least 1 2 with at least 3 5 errors errors Completeness Performs all the steps Performs the task Performs the task in sequence with at least 2 3 with at least 3 5 steps not met steps not met Safety Follows all the safety Follows the safety Follows the safety practices as set in the practices with at practices with at guidelines least 1 2 safety least 3 measures not met 5 safety measures not met TOTAL RATING SCALE Points Earned S Numerical Rating PL Descriptive Rating PL 21 25 91 100 Outstanding 16 20 86 90 Very Good 11 15 81 85 Good 06 10 76 80 Fair 01 05 71 75 Needs Improvement WHAT IS YOUR SCORE AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 77 How Do You Extend Your Learning Assignment Sheet 2 1 y i Directions Surf internet and watch video or make research on the following 1 Selecting and using measuring tools gt Torque wrench gt Vernier and Micrometer calipers gt Vacuum and Compression gauge gt Engine analyzer 2 Cleaning and storing measuring tools gt Torque wrench gt Vernier and Micrometer calipers gt Vacuum and Compression gauge gt Engine analyzer Congratulations You did a great job Rest and relax a while then move on to the next lesson Good luck Swing Crispin Frederic Dictionary of Technical TermsThe Bruce Publishing
8. How Well Did You Perform Find out by accomplishing the Scoring Rubric honestly and sincerely Remember it is your learning at stake Performance Rubrics es Proficiency Performs the task with competence and exceptional performance Accuracy Performs the task Completeness Performs all the steps in sequence Safety Follows all the safety practices as set in the guidelines TOTAL RATING SCALE Points Earned S Numerical Rating PL PL 21 25 91 100 Outstanding 16 20 86 90 Very Good 11 15 81 85 06 10 76 80 Fair 01 05 71 75 Needs Improvement WHAT IS YOUR SCORE Performs the task with competence and with standard performance Performs the task with at least 1 2 errors Performs the task with at least 2 3 steps not met Follows the safety practices with at least 1 2 safety measures not met Performs the task with competence but below standard performance Performs the task with at least 3 5 errors Performs the task with at least 3 5 steps not met Follows the safety practices with at least 3 5 safety measures not met Descriptive Rating Good AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 165 How Do You Extend Your Learning Directions Perform one of the following 5S andanswer the space with CAN if you are able to do it Leave the space blank if you cannot but state your reason why 1 sorting Why 2 setting in order straightening
9. When you think about how to improve a workstation remember this rule If it feels right it probably is right If it feels uncomfortable there is probably something wrong with the design not the worker Two examples of good workstations AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 205 Bad design Good design Good design On some jobs nea arm supports yi and rests may Aa reduce arm fatigue Usea badded WRIST reat or a padded ELBOW rest The working position should be as comfortable as possible The arrows indicate areas that need to be improved to prevent potential injuries from developing To improve the sitting position for the worker on the right the chair height should be lowered tilted slightly forward and the worker should be provided with a footrest E CAK GOR YS oF 4 ees AF og gt ry oy i pre ad ra A Ai z 4 The job should be designed to allow the worker to keep the arms low and the elbows close to the body eo TOOL FOR Usk WHEN DESIRED A chair footrest a mat to stand on and an adjustable work surface are essential components for a standing workstation AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 206 BAD DESIGN GOOD DESIGN These pictures illustrate how _ tool design can prevent you from having to work with a bent wrist IN SOME CASES TOOLS CAH BE CHANGED TO SOLUEFERING IFROH WITH BENT HAWDLE ALLOWS EEEF THE AEMS LOW A
10. e Hand tools Hand tools should be designed according to ergonomic requirements Poorly designed hand tools or tools that do not fit the individual worker or the task can cause negative health effects and decrease a worker s productivity In order to prevent health problems as well as to maintain the worker s productivity hand tools should be designed so that they fit both the individual and the task Well designed tools can contribute to good body positions and movements and can increase productivity Use the following guidelines when selecting hand tools Avoid poor quality hand tools Choose tools that allow the worker to use the larger muscles in the shoulders arms and legs rather than the smaller muscles in the wrists and fingers Avoid holding a tool continuously in a raised position or gripping a heavy tool Properly designed tools allow the worker to keep the elbows next to the body to prevent damage to the shoulder or arm Additionally properly designed tools do not require the worker to bend the wrists stoop or twist Choose handles that are long enough to fit the whole hand This will help to reduce uncomfortable pressure on the palm of the hand or on the joints of the fingers and hand Do not use tools with spaces where fingers and skin can get caught Choose double handled tools such as scissors pliers or clippers These should have a span that does not overstretch the hand Do not select tools with contoured handles t
11. Co 1948 Chilton s Easy Car Care Chilton Book Company 3 Ed Chilton Way Radnor PA 19089 Stockel Martin W Auto mechanics Fundamentals The Goodheart Willcox Company Inc 1978 The Oxford Dictionary of Current English New Revised Ed Oxford University Press 1998 Popular Mechanics Guide To Auto Basic Repair and Maintenance Book Division The Hearst Corporation New York NY www google com ph en wikipedia org AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 78 Interpret Plans and Drawings a _ _ OVERALL LENGTH l LEARNING OUTCOMES At the end of this Lesson you are expected to do the following LO 1 analyze signs symbols and data and LO 2 interpret technical drawings and plans AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 79 ve Definition of Terms ABS or Anti lock Brake System a safety system that allows the wheels on a motor vehicles to continue interacting with the road surfaces as directed by driver steering inputs while braking preventing the wheels from locking up and therefore avoiding skidding Airbag a vehicle safety device It is an occupant restraint consisting of a flexibleenvelope designed to inflate rapidly during an automobile collision Cell a device that produces electrical energy by the chemical action of electrodes in an electrolyte Charging system to generate enough current to keep the battery fully ch
12. Follows the safety practices as set in practices with at Safety the guidelines least 1 2 safety measures not met TOTAL RATING SCALE Points Earned S Numerical Rating PL PL 21 25 91 100 16 20 86 90 11 15 81 85 06 10 76 80 01 05 71 75 WHAT IS YOUR SCORE AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education Performs the task with competence but below standard performance Performs the task with at least 3 5 errors Performs the task with at least 3 5 steps not met Follows the safety practices with at least 3 5 safety measures not met Descriptive Rating Outstanding Very Good Good Fair Needs Improvement 70 How Do You Extend Your Learning Assignment Sheet 1 1 i I Directions Answer the question in your activity sheet Compute for torque and show the solution 1 A mechanic assembled the engine He needed to tighten the bolts He used a tool with 18 inches in long and applied a force of 5 pounds lbs What was the torque generated AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 71 LEARNING OUTCOME 2 Maintain measuring instruments PERFORMANCE STANDARDS Measuring instruments are calibrated safely handled and cleaned before and after using in accordance with industry standards Measuring instruments are kept in safe dry place Proper techniques in using precise instruments are performed according to manufacturer s
13. K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 157 feo What Do You Need To Know Read Information Sheet 2 1 very well Then find out how much you can remember and how much you learned by doing Self check Information Sheet 2 1 ye PERSONAL SAFETY AND LABELING PROCEDURE Whenever safety is the issue safety of oneself usually comes to mind It is a basic instinct for human being to protect himself Safety in the workshop is not only confined to the use of tools materials and equipment To some degree in workshop personal safety must come first before anything else You can replace broken tools with new one Buy new materials and operate new equipment but you cannot buy new body as replacement if something happens to it Personal safety involves habits values and awareness Having these virtues will shy you away from injury and harm To be more specific personal safety can be classified in different manners 1 Upper body protection These includes safety glass for eye protection called goggles This is used when grinding metal or when reconditioning tools Welding goggles are also used when joining metals so that eyes are protected from flying debris Transparent goggles are useful when working underchassis Eyes are protected from dust and small particles that may get into the eyes and cause irritation The head should be protected with head gear like bonnet or cap This head gear protects head and hair from dust accumulate
14. Proper management of these hardware results in cost effective expenses in the workplace AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 160 In Japan they use the 5 S principles of management for increase efficiency and effectiveness in the workplace These 5 S principles of management will help you a lot in sorting setting in order simplifying sweeping standardizing and sustaining 1 Sorting a process of taking things that are needed and taking away those that are not needed anymore In this way eliminating unnecessary items gives more free space to those items that are needed To be more specific those items for disposal must be marked or tagged with appropriate color for easy identification Sample guide questions e What items should be eliminated e What items should be retained e What items can be reconditioned repaired 2 Setting in order Straightening Simplifying a process of making things easy to see easy to get and easy to return Sample guide questions e Where is the tool materials and equipment located e What tools materials and equipment are common e Where is the best location for each of them to be placed Screwdrivers Oils Gaskets Philipps Overhauling gasket Standard FROME A Carburator kit gasket Offset aaao Transmission gasket Fonade ing el Differential gasket Automatic transmission oil Brake Clucth fluids Stubby Allen AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 T
15. Simplifying Why 3 sweeping Shining Systematic cleaning Why 4 standardizing Why 5 sustaining Why AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 166 LEARNING OUTCOME 3 Dispose waste used lubricants PERFORMANCE STANDARDS e Waste and used materials are disposed in accordance with the standard operational procedures and environmental regulations e Personal safety in disposing waste and used materials is are observed Materials a N5 e Sample chemical substance materials gt Flammable corrosive toxic reactive e Sample waste used substance materials e Sample chemical safety labels AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 167 What Do You Already Know Let us determine how much you already know about the disposing waste used lubricants Take this test Pretest LO 3 Directions Write the letter of the correct answer on the space provided Use your Activity Notebook for your answers 1 Government institutions like the DENR have local policies that protect the citizens from of these hazardous materials and substance A harmful effects C neutral effects B good effects D balance effects 2 The effects of hazardous waste materials to human and environment can be A managed C rented B bought D loaned 3 Industrial is a great concern of environmentalists A waste materials C waist substance B waist materials D ways products 4 A
16. Unlikely On the table above the risk matrix will help identify the RISK SCORE and RISK LEVEL Equivalently on the illustration below that encircled requires some attention increasing consequence minor risks increasing frequency the focus of the major hazard facilities regulations is on the high consequence low frequency incidents AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 214 Major accidents by their nature are rare events which may be beyond the experience of many employers These accidents tend to be low frequency high consequence events as illustrated in Figure 1 below However the circumstances or conditions that could lead to a major accident may already be present and the risks of such incidents should be proactively identified and managed Risk Control must be achieved by using a predetermined hierarchy of controls The primary aim of risk control is to eliminate the risk and the best way of achieving this is to remove the hazard If this is not possible the risk must be minimized by using one or more of the other control options from the hierarchy The risk control measure selected must be the highest possible option within the hierarchy to minimize the risk to the lowest level as reasonably practicable Existing controls should be re evaluated to determine if the most appropriate control measure is in place The hierarchy of controls includes Step 3 CONTROL THE RISKS Hiera
17. Very satisfactory 75 performance with 50 area of pain Satisfactory 50 performance with 75 area of pain Good 25 performance with 75 area of pain Poor WHAT IS YOUR SCORE How Do You Extend Your Learning Directions Interview at least 3 Or 5 drivers and ask what part of his her body easily gives in to pain when driving Share your findings in the class AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 209 LEARNING OUTCOME 3 Control Hazards and Risks PERFORMANCE STANDARDS e Procedures in dealing with workplace accidents fire and emergencies and provision of appropriate assistance in the event of workplace emergencies are identified and followed in accordance with the organization s OHS policies Personal Protective Equipment PPE is correctly used and maintained in accordance with organization s OHS procedures and practices Materials aS N5 e Video clips of hazard and risk e Sample workstation AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 210 What Do You Already Know Let us determine how much you already know about controlling hazards and risks Take this test Pretest LO 3 ye Directions Select the best answer Write the letter only in your Activity Notebook 1 Hazard identification must be conducted in close consultation with the performing the activity A animal B person C plant D thing 2 Once the hazards have been identifi
18. moving parts and equipment around the shop and performing varied tasks It is important that the shop floor be free of hazards that could cause technicians to slip or trip 2 In a wide variety of shop tasks waste materials are produced that can cause dangerous situations unless the waste materials are disposed of or stored properly 3 Always be sure that shop exits are well marked with an EXIT sign and are clear of obstructions 4 For personal safety and to help keep the shop free of hazards always comply with the following safety rules a Work quietly and focus solely on the job at hand b Do not leave creepers lay on the floor Always stand them against the wall wheels outward when not in use c Do not indulge in horseplay in the shop immature and improper behavior can Cause serious accidents d Before performing a task consider the relevant safety precautions related to the task and formulate a prevention plan for each hazard e Keep the shop free of hazards e Use appropriate personal protective devices clothing and equipment e Handling and using materials containing potentially harmful chemicals correctly e Use hand tools power tools and equipment correctly AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 145 e Always wear protective clothing and equipment in any situation where it is necessary e Wear protective eyewear at all times in the shop area e Do not wear rings bracelets watch
19. 212 conducted in close consultation with the people performing the activity The following are used to assist staff to identify hazards in the workplace Based on your knowledge in identifying hazard you have learned from the LO 1 Identifying Hazard and Risk_ complete the first two column Identify Hazards and Location on the table below Date Complete Identified Probability i Identified Hazard Likelihood Control Once the hazards have been identified the next step is to Step 2 ASSESS THE RISKS assess the risks The Risk is the probability likelihood of harm or LO 2 damage occurring from exposure to a hazard and the likely consequences of that harm or damage The greater the consequences the greater the risk similarly the more certain the event the greater the risk Risk assessment is a process of analysis and evaluation Based on your knowledge you have learned from LO 2 EVALUATE HAZARD AND RISK supply the necessary value for the next two column Severity and probability Refer your scoring on the equivalent value for Severity and Probability on the table below 4 Major ikely The value of the risk score is equal to the product of Severity and Probability Values to determine RISK LEVEL check the risk score with the table below RISK LEVEL RISK SCORE HGH K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 213 AUTOMOTIVE Possible pm co Oo ga a4 a ee a Co a
20. Did You Perform Find out by accomplishing the Scoring Rubric honestly and sincerely Remember it is your learning at stake Performance Rubrics Criteria 3 Better 2 Good 1 Needs Improvement Knowledge of the The topic was very The topic was The topic was unclear topic satisfactorily clear satisfactorily clear and there was no main and well defined and defined idea at all The main idea and The main idea was major points were stated satisfactorily correctly stated and some major points were all included Delivery Presentation was Some corrections Presentation was not completed on time were needed to completed on time and and the manner of complete manner of speaking speaking was steady presentation on time was too fast or too slow throughout and manner of speaking was neither too fast nor too slow Communication Spoke clearly and Spoke clearly but Spoke unclearly with distinctively and explanations could inadequate and explanation of be more detailed incomplete explanation Information was easily conveyed Completeness of All the following Three 3 out of four Only two 2 out of four information information were 4 information were 4 information were included included included technical issue technical issue technical issue statement of the statement of the statement of the problem problem problem conclusion conclusion conclusion recommendations recommendations recommendations A
21. Directions Encircle the letter of the correct answer 1 Signs and symbols provide information and direction in a workplace for easy access to the services or information What is the required color and background used for these informative symbols A White on Red B White on Blue C White on Black 2 Which is an example of informative sign HH O A i B C 3 Which is an example of sign that gives emphasis to hazards that is not obvious A Signs with the symbol S is categorized as A A Mandatory sign B Prohibition sign C Caution sign 4 Signs in white color in a blue rectangular or square background is A Mandatory sign B Prohibition sign C Information sign 5 Signs enclosed in a triangle is A Regulatory sign B Warning sign C Information sign 6 Sign for Warning HOT SURFACE is eo A A B 7 It is a symbol which reinforces an existing law or order which should never be ignored A B 3 C 8 Which symbol is requiring the worker to use PPE A Regulatory sign B Warning sign C Information sign 9 Which category of symbols is best used to show a health hazard that is not obviously seen A Regulatory sign B Warning sign C Information sign Refer to the Answer Key What is your score AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 89 How Do You Apply What You Have Learned Show that you have learned something by doing this activity Directions
22. How Much Have You Learned Self Check 2 2 1 K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 134 A Directions Match Column A with Column B Write only the letter of the correct answer on a separate sheet of paper It is a circuit protecting device which melts and opens a circuit when a current exceeds its maximum rating Which symbol represents the connection of a load to the frame or body of the vehicle What symbol is used to represent the source of electrical energy Which symbol represents a device the opens and closes the circuit Which symbol stands for joining pair of male and a female connector Column A Column B AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 135 B Draw and Identify Draw the missing symbol on the box and write the name of the symbol on the space provided NINE Refer to the Answer Key What is your score AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 136 How Do You Apply What You Have Learned Activity Sheet 2 2 Show that you learned something by doing this activity lanai Directions Answer the following question 1 Since most component of a vehicle is readily available in the auto supply explain why Is it necessary for automotive servicing to have a technical drawing 2 In technical drawing explain why dosome components need to be sectioned AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 137 How Well
23. Livelihood Education 26 2 User s manual It tells where when and how the tools are to be used It also gives information on the limitation of tools if subjected to constant use In this manual users are given warning on the possible injury one may get if used incorrectly It also gives detailed information on how tools are maintained and stored If tools need to be assembled the manual gives a step by step instructions on how to do the task Pictures of user s manual of specifications 3 Physical requirements Physical requirements of tools have bearing on how they are manufactured Their good quality must be a Tensile strength Tools must belight but durable so that excessive forcein using them is not necessary In this manner strain on hands and shoulders are reduced A tool must be strong and reliable to stand the stress of constant use Tooth edge of hacksaw and chisel must be tempered and so with a screw driver b Powerful Tools must not be heavy on the hand side rather than on the end portion of the driving force as in a hammer They must be considerably long to give a powerful twisting force as in a wrench and screw or a heavy blow when using hammer This reduces muscular effort and efficiency of work is achieved c User friendly Tools must be easy and comfortable to use They must be hand fit and oval or cylindrically shaped A square shaped handle creates discomfort on palms because of the edge area Tools with
24. SEMI SCHEMATIC 4 LAYOUT images amp symbols standard symbols PLAN fabrication instruction TECHNICAL DRAWING precise with dimension AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 114 How Much Have You Learned Self Check 2 1 Mama COPACO OTN leet wet ee jes AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 115 Directions Write the letter of the correct answer for each number below 1 Technical Drawing 2 Schematic Diagram 3 Pictorial Diagram 4 Lay out Diagram 5 Drawing Plan Refer to the Answer Key What is your AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 116 20 What Do You Need To Know Read Information Sheet 2 2 very well then find out how much you can remember and how much you have learned by doing Self check Information Sheet 2 2 i COMMON ELECTRICAL SYMBOLS BATTERY The pair of long and short lines represent a cell A series of cells make up a battery Long lines represent the positive plates while the The GROUND symbol represents the electrical connection to the metal body or frame of the vehicle In turn the negative cable of the battery is connected between the negative battery terminal and the body frame of the vehicle The FUSE is a circuit protection device If the current exceeds the maximum rating for the circuit the fuse element melts thereby opening the circuit
25. This must be adhered to and enforced by those in charge of the workplace There may be risk activities in the shop by which one must observe properly e Handling of Tools Materials and Equipment Everyone involve in the shop should be trained in proper handling of tools materials and equipment It is necessary for you to recognize them and how they are used The following information will give you insights on safe handling 1 Service of records of all machine tools materials and equipment must be kept All information must be complete and done in order 2 All portable electrical equipment must be regularly inspected and tested for electrical safety 3 There must be a responsible person to take charge of the tools materials and equipment before during and after used 4 Every worker involved must be trained according to use of work equipment and tools 5 Tools and equipment must be cleaned after use 6 There must be proper uniform apron shirt or apron when working with machine tools or other equipment especially those that have rotating spindles 7 Precision measuring equipment drills etc must be placed in their appropriate cabinets after use D Handling tools materials and equipment safely will give a better work output Their life cycle is prolonged Task is accomplished easily and life is preserved AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 147 TYPES AND USAGE OF CLEANING CHEMICALS Cl
26. apart according to their serviceability It is important that defective or faulty tools must be marked Markings will mean that they are not to be used and are intended for repair or reconditioning AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 38 Below are some effects of a defective tool that can result in the following consequences 1 Reduces work efficiency lt decreases work effectiveness and additional time allotment is needed to finish the work Therefore delay of work is sure 2 Lessens the concentration of the user Frequent breakdown or change of tools because of its faulty condition affects the mental focus of the user lt creates anxiety and apprehension thus delaying the work instead of finishing it on time 3 Decreases credibility Competitiveness is the language of service Once the customer perceives that a worker or a serviceman uses faulty tools without giving notice of it it lessens their trust and confidence In order to avoid these situations proper inventory of tools must be conducted recorded and updated Reporting the condition of good faulty and damaged tools will give an account of their present condition It will give a basis for disposal if damage is severe or beyond recovery for recycling if the fault can be corrected and repaired and reused to another form of service A broken hacksaw can be recycled to another form like converting it to a sharp blade for stripping elec
27. bearing directions instructions or warnings Layout the way component parts or individual items are arranged Mandatory needing to be done followed or complied with usually because of an official AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 80 requirement Motorize to fit something with motor to fit something with a motor Pavement the layered structured that forms the surfaces of path road highway or aircraft runway Plans drawing or diagram on a horizontal plane of the layout or arrangement Power train the portion of a vehicles drive mechanism that transmits power the engine to the wheels tracks or propellers PPE or Personal Protective Equipment the protective clothing helmets goggles or other garments or equipment designed to protect the wearer s body from injury Roundabout a type of circular intersection a junction in which road traffic flows in one direction around a central island Schematic diagram used extensively n repair manuals to help users understand the interconnections of parts and to provide graphical instruction to assist in taking apart and rebuilding mechanical assemblies Signage any kind of visual graphics created to displays Splice to join two pieces of rope or wire by weaving the strands of each into the other Symbol written or printed sign or character image that can represents something in a specific context Taillight a part of lighting system of the vehi
28. block of metal with internal threaded hole where an externally threaded bolt can be screwed Overhauling a process of examining and repairing of condition if necessary Principle a fundamental truth or law as the basis of reasoning or action Repairing restoring a faulty condition after damage or wear Safety freedom from danger or risk Standard procedure an established prescribed way of doing a task or series of action Technique a method of skillful manipulation of activity for efficient and time saving task AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 6 Testing a process of determining the working condition of a system or mechanism Tighten to give additional twisting force to make it tighter Tune up an orderly process of inspection diagnosis testing and adjustment that is periodically necessary to maintain peak engine performance Underchassis the underparts of a vehicle It is composed of different systems such as the power trains steering suspension wheels and tires It aids the vehicle in performing its duties AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 7 LEARNING OUTCOME 1 Plan and prepare for tasks to be undertaken PERFORMANCE STANDARDS e Tasks to be undertaken are properly identified e Appropriate hand tools are identified e Hand tools are selected according to the task requirement Materials Resources Nee Table Pencils Rugs Sc
29. can affect the calibration and internal parts especially those that are made of electronic To protect your measuring instruments from mishandling safety procedures must be followed at all times to ensure freedom from risk of danger and threat of thieves The following are basic rules to consider in managing your measuring instruments 1 Always keep your receipt of purchase This is one way of ensuring your measuring tools of their warranty if something happens to your tools This will give you a good exchange of a new one if manufacturer s defect is the cause of the defect 2 Always follow safety instructions The safety instructions in owner s manual will be you guiding information on what and what not to do with your instruments This will assure you of the proper use and step by step procedures if calibration is needed 3 Always match the type of job with your instruments Matching of job with your instrument is important Do not use your instrument if it is not intended for tough job 4 Always handle your measuring instruments safely Never use your tools to point at somebody or use for joke or play Remember measuring tools are expensive If they accidentally fall they may easily be damaged Always use the tool holder Like a careful lineman a tool holster is always fastened in his waist to protect the instrument from falling AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 74 How Much Have You Learned
30. compressor Refer to the Answer Key What is your score AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 192 How Do You Apply What You Have Learned Show that you learned something by doing this activity fen Set y Activity Sheet 1 1 Crossword Task Follow the clues below to fill in the blanks Across Power used in workplaces can be noisy Unit of measuring noise levels If you are unsure __ your Supervisor One kind of personal protective equipment PPE for hearing Of advanced age 11 Loud sound 12 Operating machinery without hearing protection can hearing Down A noise of 85 dB A and above can cause hearing loss Noise is a constant hazard at a construction The sense by which sound is perceived Hearing can be prevented Once more 0 Abbreviation for decibel O 0O NO gt gt NTN WHAT IS YOUR SCORE AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 193 How Well Did You Perform Find out by accomplishing the Scoring Rubric honestly and sincerely Remember it is your learning at stake Score Rating 10 points Proceed to the next lesson 8 points Proceed to the next lesson but accomplish incomplete competency 6 points Accomplish the incomplete competency before taking the next lesson 4 points Retake the task 2 points Retake the task el How Do You Extend Your Learning Directions Visit your neares
31. diameter of oil filter But getting the diameter of bearing or thickness of shim using this kind of precision tool is much better AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 56 In order to be clearer the following precision instruments tools basically used in automotive application are the following FOR MECHANICAL FOR ELECTRICAL USE ELECTRONICS USE PRECISION INSTRUMENTS FOR PENUMATIC USE FOR Hai A For Mechanical Use 1 The Vernier and Micrometer calipers are both precision instrument that can measure even the smallest and tiniest thickness and diameter of an object Vernier or micrometer calipers are usually used in measuring the diameter of engine crankshaft and camshaft journals pistons and valve adjusting shims These engine parts need to be measured in a precise way Verniers and Micrometers can be bought equipped with digital or analogue reading This will lessen the time consumed in analyzing the reading of data because of the direct data available as you measure the part 2 Dial gauge is an instrument that measures thrust or backlash A backlash is the result of force that comes from an abnormal clearance or gap between two parts as in the differential gears When two parts wear out slack is developed and backlash is the result of it Dial gauge is also used in getting the clearance of engine valves It is more accurate than feeler gauge The movement of pointer in the dial g
32. flushing oil paint remover and thinners Problems like these can be solved if proper attention information dissemination and training are adequately provided in the workplace Government institutions like the Department of Environment and Natural Resources DENR have local policies that protect the citizens from harmful effects these hazardous materials and substance may bring Hazardous materials are those that can be found in the workshop such as toxic materials like hydrochloric use in cleaning metal surface and sulfuric acid use in the battery and Turco or metal conditioner for neutralizing rust Flammable materials like fuel gasoline and thinners are also used in cleaning engine parts They can give harmful fumes that can generate respiratory and skin irritation Materials that can easily dissolve metal like anti rusts are corrosive materials Acid soldering paste and Turco can be classified as reactive materials that can immediately changethe composition of an object CORROSIVE Toxic Material Flammable materials AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 169 All of these hazardous waste materials and substance can paralyze human and definitely lethal if not given serious attention in managing them The following are some guidelines to follow when disposing waste and used materials and substance 1 Have a separate container or trash bin for disposable materials Different waste materials like used empty pla
33. has a single series of cutting edges parallel to each other whereas a double cut file has two sets of cutting edges that cross at an angle 4 Hacksaw is an excellent tool for cutting bolts tubing and light to fairly thick metal It has a light frame handle with blade connected to both ends of the frame Depending on the type of work to be cut a hacksaw blade tooth per inch TPI determines the extent of metal to be cut It comes in 14 18 24 32 teeth per inch The lower the number the lesser the number of TPI and the greater its cutting ability A special hacksaw such as hole saw is used when boring thin and large diameter sheet of metal It is electrically operated by an electric drill 5 Tin Snip is a scissor shaped tool used for cutting thin sheets of metal AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 20 IV V DRIVING TOOLS 1 Hammers are generally used for driving or striking work It comes in various sizes weights and kinds Ball peen hammer is basically used by machinists as in automotive applications It has a weighty ball shaped metal at the end of the handle with flat surface on one side for striking a chisel or appropriate work and a rounded shaped for riveting or penning The brass or plastic tipped hammers are used for striking soft and delicate part such as aluminum or plastic to avoid danger of breakingor marring the surface Brass hammer 2 Puncher is a tool made of steel It is
34. in excess of his ability A heart disease B stress C musculoskeletal disorder D allergies 3 It is a group of painful disorder of muscles tendons and nerves A heart disease B stress C musculoskeletal disorder D allergies 4 Locate the area of pain in the repetitive horizontal movement of the wrist to the extreme range A elbow B wrist and palm C neck and shoulder D feet 5 Locate the areas of pain while extending the forearm in a repetitive bending from the elbow A elbow B wrist and palm C neck and shoulder D feet 6 Locate the pain in reaching movements where in the shoulder is reaching above level A elbow B wrist and palm C neck and shoulder D feet AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 196 7 Locate the area of pain in reaching movements where in the trunk is reaching behind A elbow B wrist and palm C neck and shoulder D feet 8 What health problem is the most common cause of occupational disease and accounts for most workdays lost A heart disease B stress C musculoskeletal disorder D allergies 9 What provide the workers with minimum standards of health and safety in the workplace A legislation B stress C musculoskeletal disorder D allergies 10 What are the four terms used in health and safety legislation A act regulation code of practice and allergies B act regulation allergies and stress C act regulation code of practice and guide D act re
35. lift How Much Have You Learned Self Check 3 1 ye Directions Put a check mark if CAN and an X if CANNOT on the corresponding competency the hazards and risks Refer to the Answer Key What is your score AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 217 Directions Inspect the shop room Make reports of the findings and apply necessary solutions to the problem Be guided with the risks management process 1 Identify the hazards 2 Assess the risks 3 Control the risks 4 Monitor and review the hazards and risks AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 218 How Well Did You Perform Find out by accomplishing the Scoring Rubric honestly and sincerely Remember it is your learning at stake Accuracy Performs the task with no error Completeness Performance Rubrics Oa O A DO AE D Performs the task with competence and exceptional oerformance Performs all the steps in sequence Performs the task with competence and with standard oerformance Performs the task with at least 1 2 errors Performs the task with at least 2 3 steps not met Performs the task with competence but below standard oerformance Performs the task with at least 3 5 errors Performs the task with at least 3 5 steps not met Follows the safety practices with at least 3 5 safety measures not met Follows all the safety Follows t
36. lubricant AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 140 res Definition of Terms Apron a garment for covering the front of the clothes Automotivewaste any harmful discarded automotive byproducts Cleaning a process of removing dirt by wiping or by brushing Corrosives those chemicals that pose risk to organic material especially human flesh Corrosive materials and most cleaners are composed of acids and bases Coveralls a protective clothing that provides full body protection Flammable a condition capable for easy combustion Gloves a rubber or leather made hand protecting device Goggles a transparent or dark eyeglass that protect the welders eyes from injury Hand tools portable devices that are guided and operated by hands Hazardous material any material that can cause bodily injury or pose a threat to the environment Inspection examining or looking closely as a course of action Lubricant a substance applied to a surface to reduce friction Protection prevention from being harmed or injured Safety freedom from danger or risk Service procedures an established method of work or task Signs and symbols a mark that expresses information to warn or to give direction Toxic material any poisonous material that can cause illness or death Waste management activities that deal with proper disposal of waste Waste material any discarded or unusable byproducts or materials Workshop a workplace wh
37. materials substances can attack metals or cause permanent damage to human tissues A oxidizing materials B compressed Gas C corrosive materials D solvent 5 This material has been used as the component of the brake lining of some vehicles which when in dust form become hazardous to health when inhaled A Hydrazine B asbestos C spray paint D solvent 6 This can cause permanent hearing loss and is probably the most common cause of hearing loss in adult males working in a very busy industrial plant like automotive industry A Hazardous substance B Slips Trips and fall C Noise D solvent 7 What infectious materials substances are produced by organism and toxins A biohazardous infectious materials C oxidizing materials B materials causing other toxic effects D corrosive materials 8 What materials which ignite and continue to burn if exposed to a flame or source of ignition A corrosive materials B flammable and combustible material C oxidizing materials D compressed gas 9 Used as a cleaner or degreaser which is considered hazardous if it enters the body when a person breathes in their vapour through skin contact or through the mouth from contact with food or fingers A spray paints B solvents C batteries D petrol container 10 This equipment is hazardous when not properly used like if accidentally points to an open wound could force air to blood stream and can be fatal A fan blades B solvent C hand tools D
38. must have a corresponding data of specifications A manual C specifications B sequence D symbol 5 The bolt s mechanical strength or stretching point will easily give up and consequently break if it exceeds too much A data C tensile strength B resistance D torque 6 A dial gauge is used to measure A backlash C gap B end space D space 7 Mechanical measuring tool like torque wrench have limited A cost C tolerance B price D weight 8 To check the ignition timing of ignition system use l A dim light C headlight B flashlight D strobe light 9 Calculation can be solved by using mathematical A formula C system B strategy D type 10 The distance travelled by a vehicle is expressed in terms of miles mi or A kilometer km C meter m B liter L D yard yd AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 55 roo What do you need to know Read Information Sheet 1 1 very well then find out how much you can remember and how much you learned by doing Self check Information Sheet 1 1 Lo The need for measuring instruments Modern measuring instruments evolved in a very fast and changing time Year after year from human to non human use new and sophisticated measuring instruments are innovated In automotive application vehicles are innovated and modified year after year Measuring instruments used from engine output testing like dynamometer to engine tune up like engine analyzer are
39. on the head of the chisel If this happens body part is hammered rather than the object itself Thus injury is certain Dulledhacksaw teeth 3 Driving tools A swollen striking edgeand loose hammer head handle can create a very devastating injury and fatal blow when the head flies out of its handle and hits a delicate part of the body 4 Loosening and tightening tools A slacked wrench or screwdriver is a product of overused or wrong sized tool when forcefully used ncorrect position of tools or the person doing the job will create an unbalanced force When force is applied the possibility of accident may happen There is also a tendency of slippage when the surrounding sides of the wrench don t fit squarely with the sides of the bolt or nut being removed or tightened Therefore this kind of fault must be addressed right away and the wrench or screwdriver be replaced at once 5 Marking tools A bent and dulled tip of marking tool will not give accurate marking A dulled tio creates blurred lines therefore interpretation of lines and dimensions are not precise AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 25 This must be corrected at once Sharpen tools with the use of an appropriate sharpening gadget 6 Measuring Tools A measuring tool must be always kept clean Dirty bent and creased measuring tools like measuring tape steel rule and caliper will give inaccurate reading if
40. standards Le Materials Ds Me ee e Instruction manual e Micrometer Vernier caliper e Receipt of purchase e Tool holster e Torque wrench e VOM tester or equivalent AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 72 What Do You Already Know Let us determine how much you already know about maintain measuring instrument Take this test Pretest LO 2 Directions Write your answers to the following questions in Column A and in Column B Write your answers in your Activity Notebook CALIBRATION OF MEASURING SAFE HANDLING PROCEDURES AND INSTRUMENTS CARE OF MEASURING INSTRUMENTS A Why measuring instruments get out of B Basic rules to consider in managing calibration your measuring instruments AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 73 feo What Do You Need To Know Read Information Sheet 2 1 very well then find out how much you can remember and how much you learned by doing Self check Information Sheet 2 1 y ve Safe handling procedures and care of measuring instruments Every property must be taken care with concern Like a good manager looking for the welfare of his duty can be compared to a person who is responsible in keeping his personal belongings The same is true in handling your tools Tools like measuring instruments must be handled with great caution Aside from their expensive cost and delicate use they are also sensitive Even a slight accidental bump
41. the appropriate column that best describes your present level of knowledge of each enlisted competency lam learning to Know it want to know it learn more very well Know the routine maintenance of RN 2 Know how to maintain tools Know how to store tools Know the standard operating procedures in storing tools 5 Know the principles and techniques in keeping tools AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 45 9 foo What Do You Need To Know Read Information Sheet 4 1 very well then find out how much you can remember and how much you learned by doing the Self check 4 1 Information Sheet 4 1 ye Standard operational procedure principles and techniques in maintaining tools Tool management is a manifestation of a good serviceman or any person working with tools The way a person manages his tools has bearing on the way he manages his personal property Much to say a good tool manager is efficient in listing and keeping records Up to date records of tools both the old and newly bought must be entered to the roster of tools Basically fundamental principles and techniques in maintaining tools at the minimum level is good enough but the more routine schedule you make the better It will only take a matter of one to two hours to maintain tools Sometimes it takes more than what expected time is consumed depending on the extent of the number and size One of the maintenance sch
42. to 100 of the items correctly you may proceed to the next Lesson This means that you need not go through the Lesson because you already know what it is about If you fail to get 99 to 100 correctly go through the Lesson again and review especially thoseitems which youfailed to get Do the required Learning Activities They begin with one or more Information Sheets An Information Sheet contains important notes or basic information that you need to know After reading the Information Sheet test yourself on how much you have learned by means of the Self check Refer to the Answer Key for correction Do not hesitate to go back to the Information Sheet when you do not get all testitems correctly This will ensure your mastery of basic information Demonstrate what you learned by doing what the Activity Operation Job Sheet directs you to do You must be able to apply what you have learned in another activity or in a real life situation Accomplish the Scoring Rubrics for you to know how well you performed Each Lesson also provides you with references and definition of key terms for your guide They can be of great help Use them fully D lf you have questions ask your teacher for assistance AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 4 Use Hand Tools LEARNING OUTCOMES At the end of this Lesson you are expected to do the following LO 1 prepare hand tools LO 2 use appropriate ha
43. tools and Tools and shop Shop equipment Equipment LO3 Dispose Dispose Waste Used waste and Lubricants used lubricants Average AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 173 How Well Did You Perform Find out by accomplishing the Scoring Rubric honestly and sincerely Remember it is your learning at stake Performance Rubrics Oa O O L Performs the task with competence Proficiency and exceptional performance Accuracy Performs the task ote Performs all the steps in sequence Completeness Follows all the safety practices as set in the guidelines Performs the task with competence and with standard performance Performs the task with at least 1 2 errors Performs the task with at least 2 3 steps not met Follows the safety practices with at least 1 2 safety measures not met Performs the task with competence but below standard performance Performs the task with at least 3 5 errors Performs the task with at least 3 5 steps not met Follows the safety practices with at least 3 5 safety measures not met TOTAL RATING SCALE Points Earned S Numerical Rating PL Descriptive Rating PL 21 25 91 100 Outstanding 16 20 86 90 Very Good 11 15 81 85 Good 06 10 76 80 Fair 01 05 71 75 Needs Improvement WHAT IS YOUR SCORE AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 174 How Do You Extend Your Learning Directions Below i
44. used even in small auto shop industry With the emerging trends of measuring instruments the need for accurate data is very much important In automotive servicing the language of competition cannot be denied Car owners go to car repair shop with updated gadgets They thought that repair is not guessed but really gives a fast movement of digital or analogue reading of the gadget Just one flick of a finger is needed to get the job done Precision measuring instruments cannot be squarely compared to the one used for mechanical jobs Tools for mechanical jobs are heavy and need strong force to operate whereas precision instruments are light sensitive and calibrated to get accurate result A slight difference of reading invites occurrence of error Essentially having a simple or sophisticated precision measuring tool is not a fad anymore but a necessity that must be seriously considered Measuring instruments and its application Very importantly your knowledge of the different types and applications of measuring instruments play a vital role in the development of your competency Like any other tasks components to be measured must first be identified before using any tools Identification of components will determine the right tools to be used It will make your work easier and faster without going back and forth because of wrong choice of tools To understand it more a precision instrument like vernier caliper is not a good in getting the
45. user will only be guessing on the corresponding value of measurements If neglected or allowed in this manner the parts or system will easily give up A good example is the kind of bolts being used A bolt made of high grade carbon steel has a big difference compared with a bolt made of low carbon steel even if it has the same size When a low carbon steel bolt is tightened using the torque data used for high grade carbon steel will easily give up and break This is due to the fact that it cannot withstand the tolerance used in high grade steel carbon steel bolt The bolt s mechanical strength or stretching point easily gives up and consequently breaks Ordinary and high grade bolt S bo a of gt boo P High grade AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 61 Vehicle electrical component like ignition coil primary and secondary windings have specified resistance data but tolerance is also given It means that when the resistance reading is above or below the standard reading but within the limit of its tolerance it is said that the resistance is acceptable or tolerable The use of precision instruments and tools has tolerance also Mechanical measuring tool like torque wrench have tolerable life cycle If it exceeds its cycle or length of used a metal fatigue will be developed lts effectiveness to accurately measure the tightness of bolts or nuts is affected That is why it must be calibrated be
46. vast wide and long experience working on the specific task A novice worker must not involve himself in duplicating this kind of ability An experienced one because of his long immersion in specific tasks have become expert and remember the applicable specifications of a certain part or system including the correct tolerance AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 62 Methods of calculation conversion of units of measurement using mathematical formula Measurement is the process of finding out the physical quantity in terms of time distance quantity and economy The word measurement comes from the Latin word m nsura and the science of measurement is called Metrology Early history had no standard of measurement It was only over time where people agreed and accepted to use it for uniformity and necessity Later on a means of standardizing measurement was established to avoid dishonesty and deceit The era of measurement continued to develop into a more suitable and scientific way Later on methods of calculations were scientifically done as a way of solving number problems and were generally accepted in education government offices business and personal used There are two widely accepted and recognized used systems of measurement The International System SI and the English systems The SI is expressed in metric system of measurement which is expressed in meter for length or distance and kilogram for mass weight
47. 3 A 5 LO2 U WD OU WwW gt A D B C B Interpret Technical Drawings and Plans PRE TEST 1 2 3 D Plan B semi schematic A pictorial diagram LAs B drawing D schematic AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 237 8 A layout diagram 9 C ground 10 B technical drawing 11 D battery 12 C bulb 13 C horn 14 B motor 15 A relay SELF CHECK 2 1 a AUN gt OwmMO SELF CHECK 2 2 Matching Type oR OP 1m1 my D gt g Draw and Identify e e e e ma 1 Fuse 2 Connection fee ets 3 Relay PE re AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 238 LESSON4 PERFORM SHOP MAINTENANCE ANSWER KEYS LO 1 Inspect Clean Tools Materials and Shop Equipment PRE TEST B mistakes A caught by the machine A hard shoes or boots with rubber soles C scratch machines or car finishes D all of the above ee a SELF CHECK 1 1 A workshops C safety C followed A protective C person in charge oe kept clean and free of dust and oil or grease marked as defective returned to the tool room or put back in their drawers cabinets or racks kept closed get lost o A WNI gt OOPD S Strong alkali S Strong acid H Heavy duty alkali M Mild acid S Soft acid Ae a LO 2 Store Arrange Tools Materials and Shop Equ
48. 4 Tools must be set apart according to its A design C serviceability B shape D style 5 A faulty tool once used work efficiency A drives C increases B precedes D reduces AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 37 feo What Do You Need To Know Read Information Sheet 3 1 very well then find out how much you can remember and how much you learned by doing the Self check 3 1 Information Sheet 3 1 Lo Preparing report for malfunctions of hand tools in unplanned or unusual events Tools are made for use Its life cycle must be used to its maximum effectiveness lt is designed to give its purpose so that work becomes easy and efficient A tool that is 100 percent usable brings joy to the one using it but a faulty tool is unsafe to use It is not recommended for use because of its risk to workplace activities A faulty tool creates headache and irritation That is why faulty tools must be recorded marked and reported at once Defective tools can be repaired according to company procedure This is essential in restoring back their technical specifications A good example is the drill bits angular cutting edge If standard procedure is not followed in sharpening its edge it will not cut effectively compared to the original specifications Partially defective tools can be reconditioned for another form of use Heavily damaged tools not fit for human use are condemned and disposed Tools must be set
49. Bench vise e Scriber e Machinist e Wrenches Allen e Caliper e Pliers e Box e Metal tape measure e Side cutting pliers e Combination pliers e Steel rule e Tin snip e Side cutting pliers e Torque wrench e Hammers e Open e Utility rug e Ball peen e Socket e Multi tester e Brass Plastic e Spark plug e Vanier caliper e Starting e Torque wrench e Drift punch e Screwdrivers AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 15 What Do You Already Know Determine how much you already know about preparing and using hand tools Take this test Pretest LO 2 ai Direction Answer each question by writing the letter of the best answer 1 When you want to make things done with less effort and efficiency use A bench work C lights B space D tools 2 Possessing basic knowledge will help you tools for the tasks A guess C identify and select B presume D replace 3 Choosing the right tool is easy but requires a lot of A assumption C deduction B practice D presumption 4 Using incorrect tools for the job will result in A efficiency C injury B good performance D good values 5 Basic level of competency involves A checking and inspection C disassembling B overhauling D major job AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 16 feo What Do You Need To Know Read Information Sheet 2 1 very well Then find out how much you can remember and how much you learned by doing Self check
50. C labeled SELF CHECK 1 1 1 B hazard 2 A risk 3 C dormant 4 C corrosive materials 5 B asbestos 6 C noise 7 A biohazardous infectious materials 8 B flammable and combustible material 9 B solvents 10 D compressor AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 241 Crossword Puzzle LO2 EVALUATE HAZARDS AND RISKS PRE TEST 1 B stress 2 A heart disease 3 C musculosketal disorder 4 B wrist pain 5 A elbow 6 C neck and shoulder 7 C neck and shoulder 8 D allergies 9 A legislation 10 B stress act regulation code of practice and guide SELF CHECK 2 1 Task Find these words in the grid below bending decibel lift roof strain AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 242 LO3 CONTROL HAZARDS AND RISKS PRE TEST 1 B person 2 C risks 3 D risks 4 A critical 5 D 15 25 SELF CHECK 3 1 1 Check Self Reflection LO4 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND AWARENESS PRE TEST C designed B position C ergonomic D raised B the shape of tools and equipment being used ee a SELF CHECK 4 1 1 Sitting and Work chair design 2 Standing workstation 3 Hand tools and controls4 Heavy physical work AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 243 richuowledgement This Learning Module was developed for the Exploratory Courses in Technology and Livelihood Education Gr
51. ECT Principal AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 41 How Much Have You Learned Self Check 3 1 yO Directions On your activity notebook answer the following self reflection and discuss it in the class g MINUTE PAPER Today have learned that AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 42 How Do You Apply What You Have Learned Activity Sheet 3 1 Show that you learned something by doing this activity ae aae Directions Visit an automotive shop in your community Introduce yourself as an Automotive Servicing student Request for a copy of their inventory of tools Discuss it with your classmates AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 43 LEARNING OUTCOME 4 Maintain hand tools PERFORMANCE STANDARDS Routine maintenance of tools are undertaken according to standard operational procedure principles and techniques Tools are stored safely in appropriate locations in accordance with manufacturer s specifications or standard operating procedure ei Materials gt L iea Goggles Adjustable wrench Vise grip Drill bit Grinding wheel Fire extinguisher oS eS AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 44 What Do You Already Know Let us determine how much you already know about maintaining hand tools Take this test Pretest LO 4 Directions Put a check V mark in
52. Information Sheet 2 1 ye When doing any kind of work tools are needed to have things done When fixing furniture repairing home appliances or doing simple repair tools help you make work easy with less effort but with efficient result Without the needed tools much time is consumed and more effort is required to accomplish your task Prepare hand tools In order for you to accomplish a task efficiently you must possess basic knowledge on how to identify and select tools that are usable of good quality and free from faults The task required calls for the right kind of tools to prepare Simple jobs usually need simple tools to use Heavy jobs need the use of heavy tools Through constant practice and simple observation you become skillful in selecting the right tool for the job In automotive application it is important that the needed tools are not defective and must be perfect for the job to finish on time The use of faulty tools might result in injury and damage to you and the parts you are working on Preparing hand tools to use is easy but requires a lot of practice Depending on the level of work to be done whether it is basic level which involves inspection and checking cleaning and simple fixing of parts the common level for replacing of basic parts such as air cleaner fuel filter hoses and the core level when performing major tasks such as tune up overhauling and underchassis work The extent of work will give you
53. ND ELBOWS IHN ELBOW TO BE LOWERED AND WRIST STEAIGHTENED BAD DESIGN GOOD DESIGN A Q me AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 207 Ce oO D z D a D gt an Ka O 5 gt 3 an Self Check 2 1 Task Find these words in the grid below power O U O O o O eb o ed O Y aa l eb O EJAEJLJENJEJEJEJEJEJEJEJEIES EA e e e eE pa lt lt O aE WY gt O gt gt L Q g O O O O O EARRESEREIED ER EDESESEAERLILALSESEREAES EAEARSESLIEIESEILIEILIEIES EARSESERESE IE IENEAESESEIED Refer to the Answer Key What is your score AUTOMOTIVE 208 K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education How Do You Apply What You Have Learned Activity Sheet 2 1 Show that you learned something by doing this activity fen Set Directions Perform the following body movements and assess the area of hazard 1 Exerting force while extending forearm 1 1 Loosening and tightening screw 1 2 Driving a hammer 1 3 Operating a hand drill 1 4 Reaching an object forward 1 5 Reaching an object above the shoulder 1 6 Reaching behind the trunk 1 7 Lifting an object How Well Did You Perform Find out by accomplishing the Scoring Rubric honestly and sincerely Remember it is your learning at stake 100 performance with 25 area of pain
54. OLDING STRIPPING AND TOOLS AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 32 Activity Sheet 2 3 i Directions Make a cut out of the different faulty tools and classify them according to the condition of each one rey PE EE A B PEE TE ET Pe EEE EE rie TT ET PEE TE ET ET AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 33 4 How Well Did You Perform Find out by accomplishing the following job Remember it is your learning at stake Job Sheet 2 1 oe Title of Job Cutting a steel bar with a hacksaw Materials Required Mild carbon steel round bar Tools and Equipment Needed Bench work bench vise hacksaw Procedure 1 Select a hacksaw blade suited for the job 2 Place the hacksaw blade on the frame Be sure that teeth of the blade is away from the handle 3 Tighten the hacksaw blade Be sure that no amount of slack is felt to prevent it from breaking 4 Set the steel round bar in a vise and clamp 5 Measure the cutting point and mark the surface with a pencil or any appropriate marker AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 34 6 Grasp the hacksaw handle securely with your right hand and the left hand on the front end of the frame 7 Position your body in front of the vise with your left foot toward the bench and your right foot steady to provide needed balance 8 With the front end of the hacksaw blade placed on the stee
55. On the space provided in the box fill up the blank with the correct answer and explain to the class your views about them Basic Sign Categories Common Safety Signs Po PE PE AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 90 How Well Did You Perform Find out by accomplishing the following job Remember it is your learning at stake Criteria Knowledge of the topic Delivery Communicatio n Completeness of information AUTOMOTIVE Performance Rubrics 3 Better The topic was very satisfactory clear and well defined The main idea and major points were correctly stated Presentation was completed on time and the manner of speaking was steady throughout spoke clearly and distinctively and explanation of information was easily conveyed All the following information were Included technical issue statement of the problem conclusion recommendations 2 Good The topic was satisfactory clear and defined The main idea was stated satisfactorily and some major points were all included Some corrections were needed to complete presentation on time and manner of speaking was neither too fast nor too slow Spoke clearly but explanations could be more detailed Three 3 out of four 4 information were included technical issue statement of the problem conclusion recommendations K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education
56. Republic of the Philippines P i DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION De OF EDUCATION K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum Technology and Livelihood Education Learning Module AUTOMOTIVE SERVICING EXPLORATORY COURSE Grades 7 and Grade 8 AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education Page 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page WaS TISIVIOGUIG ADOUL areren EE EEEE E E E OE O E N 3 How Do You Use This Module c ccc cccccccccceccceeese cece eeseeeseeeseceseeeseeseeeseeeseeeseeseeeseeeseeenes 5 LESSON 1 Use Hand tools cece eeeeeeseseessesssssssssesssssssseeeeseseeeeseeeeeeeeeees 6 LESSON 2 Perform Mensuration and Calculations cc cceeeesseeeeeeeeees 57 LESSON 3 Interpret Plans and Drawings cccssssssssssssesseeeeeeeeeeeeees 86 LESSON 4 Perform Shop Maintenance cccccccccccccessesseeeeeeeeessessttaeeeeees 143 LESSON 5 Practice Occupational Health and Safety Procedureg 187 PINS VV AIS Sean stowee iae sc neiace EE senna escapees EN PAGO WICC meN aea a E E E EE 261 AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 2 What Is This Module About Welcome to the course of Automotive This Module is an exploratory and introductory course which leads you to Automotive Servicing National Certificate Level NC I It covers 5 common competencies that a Grade 7 Grade 8 Technology and Liveliho
57. Self Check 2 1 Directions Write your answers for the questions in Column A and in Column B Write your answers in your activity notebook CALIBRATION OF MEASURING SAFE HANDLING PROCEDURES AND INSTRUMENTS CARE OF MEASURING INSTRUMENTS A Why a measuring instruments get out of B Basic rules to consider in managing your calibration measuring instruments Directions Adjust to Zero accuracy the V O M tester in the following selector range Rx1Q Rx10Q Rx1kQ R x 10k QO oe Refer to the Answer Key What is your score AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 75 PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT Name Year amp Section Course Time Allotment Module Title Grading Period Unit of i Performance Competency Perform Mensuration and Calculations LO1 Select Select and Measuring use Instruments and measuring Carry out tools measurement and Calculations LO2 Maintain Clean and Measuring store Instruments measuring instruments Average AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 76 How Well Did You Perform Find out by accomplishing the Scoring Rubric honestly and sincerely Remember it is your learning at stake Performance Rubrics 3 Proficiency Performs the task with Performs the task Performs the task competence and with competence with competence but exceptional and with standard below standard performance performance performance
58. Technology and Livelihood Education 65 How Much Have You Learned Self Check 1 1 lt Directions Select the best answer Write the letter only Use your Activity Notebook for your answers 1 Standardizing measurement was established to avoid and deceit A courage C honesty B dishonesty D tax 2 The era of measurement continued to develop into a more suitable and way A logic C magic B physical D scientific 3 12 inches is equivalent to foot A 1 C 24 B 12 D 36 4 When the vehicle runs it is measured by the distance travelled in terms of mile mi or A kilometer km C meter m B liter L D Yard yd 5 The boiling of water in degrees Fahrenheit is A 200 F C 214 F B 212 F D 216 F AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 66 ll Directions Fill up the blanks with the tools used for each precision instrument e T ii USE ELECTRICAL ELECTRONIC C HYDRAULIC e USE a hs 3 F a w A 9 4 ELECTRICAL USE III Directions Based on the results of the activity what is your personal reflection on measuring the ignition coil resistance using a V O M Write your answer in your Activity Notebook 1 What went right 2 What went wrong 3 What should be done Refer to the Answer Key What is your score AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 67 Title of Job Measure the Ignition Coil Resistan
59. UTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 138 Rating Scale 9 12 Better 5 8 Good 1 4 Needs Improvement WHAT IS YOUR SCORE How Do You Extend Your Learning 1 Using the internet download the common traffic and drawing symbols used in a vehicle Congratulations You did a great job Rest and relax a while then move on to the next lesson Good luck Manual of Traffic Sign http www trafficsign us signshape html e Transportation Engineering Philippines http engineer einjel blogspot com 2009 1 0 traffic signs html e Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals http en wikipedia org wiki Vienna_Convention_on_Road_Signs_and_ Signal S Automotive Technology Studies http rsandas com P1 Session 2 1 html e How to Read Dashboard Lights http www autoevolution com news how to read the dashboard lights 1370 html image2 e Picture Symbol http dashboardsymbols com the symbols e Understanding your dashboard gauges http www familycar com Classroom dashboard htm e The Different Safety Signs and Symbols http safetysignsandsymbols com AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 139 Perform Shop Maintenance ae TIT T LEARNING OUTCOMES At the end of this Lesson you are expected to do the following LO 1 inspect clean tools materials and shop equipment LO 2 store arrange tools and shop equipment and LO 3 dispose waste used
60. Whereas the English system is expressed in inches or mile for length distance and ounce or pounds for mass weighNt In automobile its systems are also measured Whether it functions or not its kinetic and static energy can be measured When the vehicle runs it is measured by the distance travelled in terms of miles mi or kilometers km When it comes to speed it is measured by miles or kilometers per hour When it comes to engine speed it is expressed in revolution per minutes rpm Below is a sample Systems of Measurement chart of both English and Metric with corresponding conversion MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 63 WEIGHT VOLUME 8 ounce 1 cup 1 hectoliter 100 liter 16 ounces 1 pint 1 decaliter 10 liters 32 ounces 1 quart 1 liter 1 liter 2 Cups 1 pint 1 deciliter 0 1 liter 2 pints 1 quart 1 centiliter 0 01 liter 4 quarts 1 gallon 1 milliliter 0 001 liter 8 pints 1 gallon 1000 milliliter 1 liter 144 sq inches 1 sq ft 100 SQ millimeters 1 sq centimeter 9 SQ feet 1 sq yard 100 SQ centimeters 1 sq decimeter 43 560 sq ft 160 sq rods 100 SQ decimeters 1 sq meter 160 sq rods 1 acre 10 000 sq meters 1 hectare 640 acres 1 sq mile TEMPERATURE FAHRENHEIT CELSIUS 32 Degrees F WATER FREEZES O Degrees C 68 Degrees F REASONABLE ROOM TEMPERATURE 20 Degrees C 98 6 Degrees F NORMAL BODY TEMPERATURE 37 Degrees C AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Techno
61. a a may lead into poor practice eventually creating more hme hazards And according to studies that high level anger a is and stress contributes to the development of heart diseases 17 The more hours people worked in a day the higher their risk of developing coronary heart disease the results of the study suggested People who worked 10 hours a day had a 45 percent higher risk of heart disease and those who worked 11 hours a day had a 67 percent higher risk of heart disease than people who worked 7 to 8 hours a day according to the study Long Work Hours Raise Heart Disease Risk Dramaticallv MvHealthNewsDailv Staff Aor 2011 AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 199 Work related musculoskeletal disorders WMSDs are a group of painful disorders of muscles tendons and nerves Carpal tunnel syndrome tendonitis thoracic outlet syndrome and tension neck syndrome are examples Work activities which are frequent and repetitive or activities with awkward postures cause these disorders which may be painful during work or at rest Almost all work requires the use of the arms and hands Therefore most WMSD affect the hands wrists eloows neck and shoulders Work using the legs can lead to WMSD of the legs hips ankles and feet Some back problems also result from repetitive activities WMSDs are recognized as leading causes of significant human suffering loss of productivity and economic b
62. ades 7 and 8 of the K to 12 Curriculum with the assistance of the following persons This Learning Module on Automotive Servicing NC I was developed by the following personnel MODULE WRITERS ROBERTO S DAQUIL Head Teacher VI DepED Manila REVIEWERS GIL P CASUGA Chief TESD Specialist REYNALDO S DANTES MARIA A ROQUE Senior TESD Specialist Senior TESD Specialist BERNADETTE S AUDIJE VICTORIO N MEDRANO Senior TESD Specialist Principal IV SPRCNHS PARALUMAN R GIRON Ed D BRENDA B CORPUZ Ph D Chair Sub TWG on K to 10 TA for K to 12 Curriculum OFELIA O FLOJO BEATRIZ A ADRIANO Retired Assistant Chief EED Region IV A Principal IV ERVHS AIDA T GALURA DOMINGA CAROLINA F CHAVEZ VSA Il ACNTS Principal Il MBHS DOCUMENTORS SECRETARIAT PRISCILLA E ONG FREDERICK G DEL ROSARIO K to 12 Secretariat Head Teacher lll BNAHS EMMANUEL V DIONISIO LYMWEL P LOPEZ Head Teacher lll AFGBMTS Teacher AFGBMTS DANTE D VERMON JR CHERLYN F DE LUNA Teacher AFGBMTS Teacher AFGBMTS JOANNA LISA C CARPIO ROMANO T LOPEZ Teacher I BNAHS Teacher I BNAHS Dir IMELDA B TAGANAS Executive Director Qualifications Standards Office K to 12 Learning Area Team Convenor TLE TVE AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 244
63. affect the brain damage the reproductive system and cause kidney or liver damage Contact with the skin may cause dermatitis an inflammation of the skin 5 Batteries contain acid and must be treated with caution If you are asked to handle batteries you must be given instruction and provided with appropriate PPE rubber gloves eye protection you may need goggles to avoid splashes overalls and solid work boots You should always wear work boots not sneakers or soft shoes in the automotive industry no matter what job you are doing AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 189 DIFFERENT HAZARDOUS MATERIAL SUBSTANCE AND ITS EFFECT CORROSIVE MATERIAL Corrosive materials can attack corrode metals or cause permanent damage to human tissues such as the skin and eyes on contact Burning scarring and blindness may result from skin or eye contact Corrosive materials may also cause metal containers or structural materials to become weak and eventually to leak or collapse Ammonia fluorine and hydrochloric acid are examples of corrosive substances FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL Flammable or combustible materials will ignite and continue to burn if exposed to a flame or source of ignition Materials are classified as a flammable gas flammable aerosol flammable liquid combustible liquid flammable solid or reactive flammable material Methane acetone aniline and lithium hydride are examples of fl
64. ally occurred Often this is referred to not as an active hazard but as an accident emergency incident or disaster This is an armed hazard triggered into action by the right combination of factors At this point it is too late to take any preventive action to escape injury or avoid death Classes of hazard Auto Example of forms modes of hazard Anytime Avalanche Skiers are on the base An avalanche occur Snowy cliff could take place while of the snowy cliff while some skiers are no one on its base on the base of the cliff An engine is hooked The engine is raised off The chain snaps and repair up by a chain block from the car s engine the engine knocks shop hoist compartment down on the car AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 183 Hazards are classified into six different types They are Physical includes floors stairs work platforms steps ladders fire falling objects slippery surfaces manual handling lifting pushing pulling excessively loud and prolonged noise vibration heat and cold radiation poor lighting ventilation air quality Mechanical and or electrical includes electricity machinery equipment pressure vessels dangerous goods forklifts cranes hoists Chemical includes chemical substances such as acids or poisons and those that could lead to fire or explosion cleaning agents dusts and fumes from various processes such as welding B
65. ammable materials OXIDIZING MATERIAL An oxidizing material may or may not burn itself but will release oxygen or another oxidizing substance and thereby causes or contributes to the combustion of another material Ozone chlorine and nitrogen dioxide are oxidizing materials These chemicals wil support a fire and are highly reactive DANGEROUSLY REACTIVE MATERIAL Dangerously reactive materials may undergo vigorous polymerization decomposition or condensation They may react violently under conditions of shock or an increase in pressure or temperature They may also react vigorously with water to release a toxic gas Ozone hydrazine and benzoyl peroxide are examples of dangerously reactive materials AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 190 COMPRESSED GAS A compressed gas is a material which is a gas at normal room temperature 20 C and pressure but is packaged as a pressured gas dissolved gas or gas liquified by compression or refrigeration The hazard from these materials aside from their chemical nature arises from sudden loss of integrity of the container A compressed gas cylinder is usually quite heavy and when ruptured can become a projectile with the potential to cause significant damage Acetylene and oxygen are examples of compressed gases POISONOUS AND INFECTIOUS MATERIALS 1 Materials Causing Immediate and Serious Toxic Effects These materials may be classified as toxic or very toxic base
66. ard to remove dirt and grime with sweeping action 3 Utility rag is a fibrous cloth used in cleaning and wiping dirt and dust ll BENDING HOLDING TWISTING CRIMPING TOOLS 1 Pliers are generally used as all around tools They have the capability for bending crimping cutting holding stripping and twisting They are available in various shapes and sizes Generally pliers used for electrical job are insulated whereas those for mechanical work are not insulated but sometimes equipped with rubber for gripping Pliers are not used as substitute for wrenches Side cutting pliers are tools having a broad flat and rough jaw They have a pair of nipper like blades used for cutting and bending wires Combinationpliers are equipped with adjustable opening by means of a slip joint It is used for gripping object because of its inner notch and also used for cutting and bending small wires Long nose pliers have a needle nose ends used for holding or picking small object They have a razor like blade on its jaw for stripping cutting and bending wires Stripping and crimping pliers have two half round edges used to strip electrical wire and a crimping nose to fold and lock wire connector Vise grip or locking jaw pliers are specially designed pliers used for holding work pieces together They have a variety of uses such AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 18 as inserting a fastener holding bolts while tightening or loosening th
67. arged and to satisfy the demands of ignition and electrical system and it includes the alternator voltage regulator which often a part of the alternator itself the battery and the indicator gauge or warning light on the dash CurrentA flow of electric charge through a medium This charge is a typically carried by moving electrons in a conductor such as wire ECU or Engine Control Unit a type of electronic control unit that controls a series of actuators on an internal combustion engine to ensure the optimum running Electrical device any physical entity in an electronics system used to affect the electrons or their associated fields in a desired manner consisted with the intended functions of the electronics components Engine a machine designed to convert energy into useful mechanical motion Fabrication an industrial term refers to building metal structure by cutting bending and assembling Fog beam provide a wide a bar shaped beam of light with a sharp cutoff at the top and are generally aimed and mounted low Frame a structural system that supports other components of a physical construction Ignition Coil an induction coil in an automobile s ignition system which transforms the batteries low voltage to the thousands of volts needed to create an electrical spark Ignition a spark in an internal combustion engine that ignites and explodes a mixture of fuel and air Information notice a publicly displayed notice or board
68. assivetwo terminalelectrical component used to store energy in an electric field Capacitors are widely used as parts of electrical circuits in many common electrical devices Cliff is a significant vertical or near vertical rock exposure Colleagues a person with whom one is associated in a profession or occupation Combustibility a measure of how easily a substance will set on fire through fire or combustion Dermatitis derives from Greek derma skin itis inflammation Dermatitis symptoms vary with all different forms of the condition They range from skin rashes to bumpy rashes or including blisters Although every type of dermatitis has different symptoms there are certain signs that are common for all of them including redness of the skin swelling itching and skin lesions and sometimes oozing and scarring Earmuffs objects designed to cover a person s ears for protection They consist of a thermoplastic or metal head band that fits over the top of the head and a pad at each end to cover the external ears Electrode an electrical conductor used to make contact with a nonmetallic part of a circuit e g a semiconductor an electrolyte or a vacuum The word was coined by the scientist Michael Faraday from the i words elektron meaning amber from which the word electricity is derived and hodos a 1 way Fatigue the decreased capacity or complete inability of an organism an organ or a part to function normally becau
69. auge determines the amount of backlash being measured AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 57 B For Electrical Use 1 V O M tester is a multi tester It is an electrical instrument that measures or tests the voltage resistance and current in a circuit V O M can be digital or analogue Digital reading have digitized screen and a direct number of data can be read at once Analogue reading have pointer that determines the reading on the screen When testing for resistance external power from the source must be disconnected because V O M tester is equipped with built in battery as source of power If external power source is not disconnected the tester itself will be damaged When testing for voltage tester is connected across the lines of the circuit But when the current is tested the tester prod is connected in series of the circuit A Clamp ammeter is also available in the market This kind of tester is clamped in the wire itself It measures current in amperes Connection of tester when testing resistance Connection of tester when testing voltage AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 58 Connection of tester when testing current 2 Megger Tester is a test instrument in finding out grounds and shorts in a motor A good example to test is the starter motor When the starter motor is subjected to a megger test a flat thin piece of metal like a hacksaw blade is placed a
70. bar used to remove the wheels of the vehicle AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 21 2 Screwdriver is a piece of Spark plug wrench long metal rod made of hardened steel and tempered at the tip It is used to loosen and tighten screws It usually comes in different sizes and forms of tios An Allen screwdriver has hexagonal sides at the tip and used for hexagonal Philips screw drivers slot head of the screws A flat screw driver has flat Offset screw drivers tip at the end and used ina single groove screws A Philips screw driver has cross like tip at the end and used in a cross groove head of the screws Depending on the kind of application used a screwdriver can be of special types such as stubby screwdriver that has a short shank and handle It is used for tight space where a typical screwdriver cannot be used An offset screwdriver has a shank bent in opposite direction several distance just before the end of the tip It is used to loosen and tightened screws in difficult areas VI MARKING TOOLS 1 Center punch is a tool made of hardened steel with conical tip point on its end It is about 3 to 4 in long in length and used for marking the material before drilling It is also used for marking two parts so that after removing it can be easily replaced by aligning the marks together AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 22 2 Scriber is a thin steel rod with poin
71. bonate contained chemicals They are also known as baking soda used in removing oily substance in automobile body before wash out painting Aside from alkali type of cleaners the acid base type cleaning chemicals have at least three types The strong acid cleaners are highly corrosive They are good in removing hard deposits Hydrochloric acid or the well known muriatic acid is a good example of this type The mild acidcleaners are good in removing rusty stains and blemish Anti rust cleaners wheels and tires dressing compound are good example of this type and the soft acid cleaners are those that are used in cleaning glasses This kind of cleaners is available in detergent liquid and bar cei Klear Lacquer a Thinner pi MGAL PAINT REMON PENANOOAL cat Lacquer thinner Paint remover Some manufacturers of cleaning products are producing all purpose cleaners that can be used either in plastic rubber or leather This kind of cleaning materials are solvents that come in cream paste or spray and can be applied directly to the article to be cleaned AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 148 Muriatic acid Glass cleaners In using any cleaning materials for automotive use it is basic and necessary that safety procedures must be followed Usually the use of appropriate hand gloves will protect the hands from entrance of chemicals to the skin and fingernails that may cause liver or kidney disease skin i
72. bove the starter motor When the megger tester is turned on and starter motor is rotated a spot where a hacksaw blade is attracted means that the starter motor is faulty and need to be repaired or replaced 3 Engine Analyzer is a compact instrument that tests and measures the following 3 1 Contact point resistance 3 2 Ignition coil resistance 3 3 Battery voltage 3 4 Ignition current flow 3 5 Engine revolution per minute RPM 3 6 Dwell Cam angle 3 7 Alternator diode 4 Timing Strobe light is a device that produces stroboscopic effect from ignition pulses Ignition timing is achieved by aligning the timing marks on the crankshaft pulley and timing cover of the engine pole Timing light in use C For Pneumatic Use 1 Vacuum gauge is an instrument that measures the atmospheric pressure drawn by the engine It is also used to find out the air fuel ratio of the engine AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 59 2 Compression gauge is an instrument that measures the compression pressure of the engine cylinder 3 Radiator pressure tester is used to test the cooling system for internal and external leaks and to make sure that it has the ability to hold pressure Radiator pressure tester D For Hydraulic Use 1 Fuel pump pressure tester is an instrument that has the capability to check the pump pressure 2 Oil pressure gauge is an excellent indicator instrument t
73. ce Using a V O M Objective The student will independently measure the ignition coil resistance using a V O M Materials Required Ignition coil Tools and Equipment needed Bench work V O M tester Procedure 1 Set the selector V O M to appropriate resistance range for primary ignition coil then calibrate 2 Measure the resistance of the primary ignition coil then record the data 3 Set the selector V O M to appropriate resistance range for secondary ignition coil then calibrate AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 68 5 Compare with the specifications manual and interpret the reading AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 4 Measure the resistance of the Secondary ignition coil then record the data Specifications Manual Primary Secondary Interpretation a Good Use the coil Bad Replace the Ignition coil 69 How Well Did You Perform Find out by accomplishing the Scoring Rubric honestly and sincerely Remember it is your learning at stake Performance Rubrics OA Performs the task with competence and with standard performance Performs the task E with competence Proficiency and exceptional performance Accuracy Performs the task Performs the task with at least 1 2 errors Performs the task with at least 2 3 steps not met m Performs all the steps in sequence Completeness Follows all the safety
74. ce is not adjustable then provide a pedestal to raise the work surface for taller workers For shorter workers provide a platform to raise their working height A footrest should be provided to help reduce the strain on the back and to allow the worker to change positions Shifting weight from time to time reduces the strain on the legs and back There should be a mat on the floor so the worker does not have to stand on a hard surface A concrete or metal floor can be covered to absorb shock The floor should be clean level and not slippery Workers should wear shoes with arch support and low heels when performing standing work There should be adequate space and knee room to allow the worker to change body position while working The worker should not have to reach to do the job tasks Therefore the work should be performed 8 to 12 inches 20 to 30 centimeters in front of the body AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 223 When determining the appropriate height of the work surface it is important to consider the following factors the elbow height of the worker the type of work being performed the size of the product being worked on the tools and equipment being used Follow these guidelines to ensure a good body position for standing work Face the work Keep the body close to the work Move the feet to face in a new direction instead of twisting your back or shoulders C Hand tools and controls
75. ch is bigger than the external sides of the bolts head If used in this condition both the bolt and the wrench will develop fault Tools not kept not maintained and unused will become rusty Tools with jaws become difficult to operate It will take time cleaning and removing the corrosion before it becomes functional 1 To become more aware of the condition of hand tools it is good to know some of its specific faults Cleaning tools Wire and fiber brush must be tightly fit and securely intact on its recess Frayed brushes indicate overuse Bristles can easily be removed and may splatter They can pose danger to the eyes and skin Likewise dirty rags can create dust and affect the respiratory system Frayed brushes 2 Bending Cutting Holding Twisting tools Overused dulled teeth cutting edge of tools such as hacksaw tin snip and cutter pliers will reduce time and work performance Loosehacksaw blade to frame must be repaired or replaced at once Dulled teeth and loose pivot lever of holding tools such as machinist and combination pliers lessen the grip and reduces its holding power As a consequence it will result in slippage Pliers teeth and its cutting edge must be reconditioned or must be replaced Mushroom headed cold chisel can cause danger when driven with a hammer The driving force of a hammer may change direction due to the mushroom like contusion AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 24
76. cle usually mounted at the rear of the vehicles and usually come in pairs Traffic signs or road signs signs erected at the side of roads to provide information to road users Transmission it provides controlled applications of the power Unification the act of identifying two terms with a suitable substitution the act or process of uniting or joining together AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 81 LEARNING OUTCOME 1 Analyze signs symbols and data PERFORMANCE STANDARDS Signs symbols and data are identified according to job specifications Sign symbols data and abbreviations are determined according to classification or as appropriate in drawing L Materials Dg N5 e Traffic Signs Safety signs and symbols gt Warning signs gt Regulatory signs Mandatory and Prohibition gt Information signs gt Priority signs e Road map e Vehicle dashboard AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 82 What Do You Already Know Let us determine how much you already know about analyzing signs symbols and data Take this test Pretest LO 1 i A Directions Encircle the letter of the correct answer 1 Which sign represents KEEP LEFT Ka 0 A 2 Which sign represents NO STOPPING Asror N P 3 Among the signs which of these is categorized as WARNING sign at A 4 Which one is an INFORMATIVE sign D o
77. cylindrically shaped handle AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 27 d Safe Toolsmust have gripping surface on their handles to assure holding power and avoid slip that may lead to injury Stopper must also be on pointed and sharp bladed edged tools Driving tools must be provided with appropriate length of grip Tools with gripping surface e Functionally Accurate Tools are especially made to measure like torque wrench Vernier caliper and feeler gauge must be technically and functionally accurate They must give correct reading of division and sub division of their fractional value or scale Inaccurate reading gives wrong data or information and may result in severe damage to parts Le ad Functionally accurate tool AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 28 How Much Have You Learned Self check 2 1 fa Direction Match Column A with Column B Write the letter of the best answer a used in marking lines in sheet metal Hacksaw b used in linear measurement of short length or height Ball peen hammer c generally used for driving or striking work rok OSR PAGNE d used to complete the job of removing the pin Metal tape measure e used for holding or picking small object Open wrench f used for cutting pipes tubing and fairly thick metal g used for light application of loosening and tightening Drift punch bolts and nuts h used to measure or set gap and cl
78. d Risks in the Workplace e Hazard Identification Risk Assessment and Risk Control http www education vic gov au safe work modules general risks as e Hazard and Risk Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and safety http www ccohs ca oshanswers hsprograms hazard _ risk html e Hazard Wikipedia http www ccohs ca oshanswers hsprograms hazard risk html e AEF Companies Crane Safety and Preventive Measures http www aefcompanies com safety htm e PROTECT YOUR HEARING IMPACT CIL http impact books officelive com ProtectYourHearing aspx e Your health and safety at work YOUR BODY AT WORK International Labour Organization http actrav itcilo org actrav english telearn osh body bmain htm AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 231 KEY TO CORRECTIONS LESSON1 USE OF HANDTOOLS ANSWER KEYS LO 1 Plan and Prepare for Tasks to be Undertaken PRE TEST A careful and proper A confidence B safety C loosening and tightening tools B measuring tools a ee SELF CHECK 1 1 1 Bd CA 2 Be CY 3 Ba C gt 4 Bb CA 5 B cC LO 2 Prepare and Use Hand tools PRE TEST D tools C identify and select B practice C injury A checking and inspection Ol ee I SELF CHECK 2 1 f ae a aN D O o 5Y an AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 232 LO 3 Create Report of Malfunctioning Hand Tools PRE TEST eff
79. d dirt falling object and harmful chemical especially when working underneath the vehicle The nose and face should be protected with face mask or respirator so that harmful fumes from exhaust gas and chemicals may not get into the lungs 2 Middle body protection These include apron that protects the body from dirt and sudden spill of substance like oil High grade rubber gloves protect the hands from paint solvent and electrical shock Leather gloves protect the hands from hot surface like newly welded metal to avoid abrasion Hand cream is also useful to protect hands from dryness AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 158 Rubber gloves Hand cream 3 Lower body protection These include safety shoes to protect the feet from slipping and risk from heavy falling object 4 Whole body protection The use of coveralls or jumpsuit is a good protection against flying debris chemical spill paint solvent and abrasion Aside from the different implements to protect self from any harmful injury labeling of warning signs and symbols must be clearly written and properly identified Labels must be color coded Usually a red color code is a sign of danger sign It gives you information on the seriousness of consequence if not followed Yellow color code can mean warning It gives information to forewarn you from danger A green color code may mean safe It is good that workplace be posted with properly labele
80. d on information suchas LD50 or LC50 Examples Styrene hydrogen cyanide are very toxic substances 2 Materials Causing Other Toxic Effects A pure substance or mixture that may be any one of the following a carcinogen teratogen reproductive toxin respiratory tract sensitizer irritant or chronic toxic hazard Examples Asbestos causes cancer ammonia is an irritant 3 Biohazardous Infectious Material This classification includes any organisms and the toxins produced by these organisms that have been shown to cause disease or are believed to cause disease in either humans or animals For example a blood sample containing the Hepatitis B virus is a biohazardous infectious material It may cause hepatitis in persons exposed to it AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 191 How Much Have You Learned Self Check 1 1 ye Directions Select the best answer Use your Activity notebook in writing your answer 1 It is a term used in workplaces that defines a possible source of harm to person damage to property or environment A risk B hazard C accident D danger 2 The probability of getting harmed or damaged occurring from exposure to a hazard A risk B hazard C accident D danger 3 What form of hazard is the situation that has a potential to be hazardous but no people property or environment is currently affected by this A armed B active C dormant D hidden 4 What
81. d signs symbols and stickers AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 159 International standard labeled signs are black symbol with red surround shape SIGNS AND SYMBOLS ARE IMPORTANT USE THEM ISO SEML should be black eymbot with red surround shapa ANSI ican be biach symbol and surround shape or can usa the format above VNOHH OS VOWSO CANADA OSANA PRINCIPLES OF TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT TQM 5S The total quality management in automotive servicing is getting the job done with excellence and direction This is one of the principles that should be implemented in order for the management to work One of the key principles is the proper maintenance of the shop To be effective there must be some methods to work on One is the management of peopleware They are the ones that need sustainable training in the shop and workshop environment This increases their manpower capability in the field of work Because of this they become assets in managing the shop Increasing their skills also increases their values and worth Therefore it decreases the chance of accidents and expenses in the workplace by applying corrective and preventive maintenance These corrective and preventive measures also include the hardware The hardware part of management in automotive servicing are the workshop facilities like the tools materials equipment machineries including facilities like furniture lighting water and furniture
82. d warned of what to do and what not to do Risk is limited and put in control Specific safety signs for mechanical electrical pneumatic and hydraulic must be clearly defined and placed in a visible area 4 SAFETY PROTECTION The use of Personal Protective Equipment PPE is necessary Safety gears must be worn properly Suitability of PPE to the workplace must conform with the work being done It must be comfortable so that user will not be irritated The PPE can control health risk and decrease possibility of threat or injury For face protection eye wear goggles and safety shield used in welding are used The body protection such as aprons or cover all garment serves as protection for the frontal body High grade heat and chemical resistant hand gloves protect the hands and a simple dust mask or respirator can ward off chemical fumes and dust for the respiratory system Appropriate shoes can also protect from accidental fall of metallic parts Not only that safety in the workplace is also included Fire extinguishers play a vital role in reducing and totally putting out the fire Saw dust is a good cleaner for spilled oil on the floor AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 47 How Do You Apply What You Have Learned Activity Sheet 4 1 Show that you learned something by doing this activity fey Sens Directions Get a partner Choose one of the competencies you would like to demonstrate
83. e cause while risk is a possible negative effect hazard is a possible cause while risk is a possible negative effect AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 184 IDENTIFYING HAZARDS AT WORK Can you Ce the HAZARD Hazard Identification for Workplace Inspections The process of identifying and fixing potential hazards in the workplace is called hazard management a simple procedure where you assess and control the risk of hazards to workers A workplace hazard is something that has the potential to harm the health and safety of people at work Some identified workplace hazards e Manual Handling Manual handling includes any activity that requires a person to lift push pull carry hold or move an object person or thing The weight of the object frequency of manual handling avoiding sudden or jerky movements planning the move or lift lighting and surfaces all need to be considered Lifting hazard Approximately 100 Ibs Single person lift could cause Injury Use assistance when moving or lifting Lifting and moving equipment and materials panel beating and working in awkward postures such as removing or replacing engine parts under car bonnets are some examples of manual handling tasks you may have to do in the automotive industry AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 185 At times your tasks may involve bending and stretchi
84. e leg room under the work table and should be able change the position of the legs easily The feet should be flat on the floor When this is not possible the worker should be provided with a footrest A footrest will also help to eliminate pressure from the back the thighs and knees The chair should have a backrest which supports the lower back The seat should curve slightly downward at the front edge Ideally the chair should have five legs for stability It is preferable if arm rests are removable since some workers do not find them comfortable In any case arm rests should not prevent the worker from getting close enough to the work table The chair should be covered with a breathable fabric to prevent slipping off the chair Standing workstation Standing for long periods of time to perform a job should be avoided whenever possible Long periods of standing work can cause back pain leg swelling problems with blood circulation sore feet and tired muscles Here are some guidelines to follow when standing work cannot be avoided lf a job must be done in a standing position a chair or stool should be provided for the worker and he or she should be able to sit down at regular intervals Workers should be able to work with their upper arms at their sides and without excessive bending or twisting of the back The work surface should be adjustable for workers of different heights and for different job tasks lf the work surfa
85. e nut and removing rounded head bolts and nuts Machinist pliers have adjustable and cutting jaws with tooth edged nose used for holding bending and cutting wires 2 Bench vise is a device for holding and bending pieces of metal It consists of one fixed and one movable jaw operated by a clamping action of the screw lll CUTTING TOOLS 1 Chisel is a hand tool essentially used for cutting bolts nuts and rivets It comes in different types and sizes A flat cold chisel is used for general cutting Special chisels like a diamond point are used for cutting sharp bottomed groove and a round end chisel for cutting oil grooves AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 19 2 Electric Drill is a tool for boring holes It is made of either carbon steel which requires frequent sharpening or high speed steel which requires less sharpening Electric drill is designed for slow and high speed drilling It can be hand operated for slow drilling or electrically operated portable or heavy duty machine for high speed drilling with replaceable drill attachment at the end Drills come in various diameter sizes Electric drill can also be used as a portable grinding machine by attaching a handy grinder on its end 3 File is a hard steel tool used for smoothening metal It comes in various shapes such as flat round half round and triangular It also comes in different fine to coarse cutting edges A single cut file
86. eaning chemicals are used in taking away dirt dust and hard to remove grime Cleaning products have variety of ingredients They may be safe or toxic depending on how they are used Cleaning chemicals used in automotive servicing are quite different from the ones used in households Even though some cleaning materials in households can have small amount of chemicals used in automotive it cannot surpass the kind of cleaning materials used in automotive because of the different types and extent of their application Cleaning products for use in automotive is somehow stronger than other cleaning materials used for garments and other household purpose Cleaning products used in automotive are for plastics metals leathers rubbers and glasses These types of cleaning products are hazardous and corrosives That is why strict compliance with their use must be considered seriously or else this will pose danger to the one using these and to the environment Cleaning products used for plastics are somehow not applicable for use in leathers because of some ingredients that do not conform to the latter The reason why they differ in types of chemicals mix in the product is the strength of alkalinity and acidity Strong alkalis are those that have sodium hydroxide and are used in removing paints like paint remover Heavy duty alkalis are those that contains sodium carbonate and are used in removing greasy substance like thinner A mild alkali is a sodium bicar
87. earance between Scriber parts of mechanism Feeler gauge i used to loosen and tighten screws j used for measuring stock of different sizes of length Steel rule 10 Screw drivers Refer to the Answer Key What is your score AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 29 How Do You Apply What You Have Learned Show that you have learned something by doing this activity I Directions Group yourselves Get your set of tools in your group tool box Identify the faults of the tools by attaching the fault slip of paper Leave a tool without any fault unmarked or clean Exchange with another group for evaluation AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 30 9 10 ll Directions Reflect on the following questions Write your answers in your Activity Notebook 1 Which of the following safety requirements of hand tools do you find the easiest Which one do you find the most difficult State your reason 1 1 Like best 1 2 Donotlike 1 3 suggest some requirements AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 31 Activity Sheet 2 2 i Direction Fill up the corresponding service procedure with the right tools for the job 1 Classify the tools by using the Classification Organizer TIGHTENING AND LOOSENING TOOLS MARKING TOOLS CUTTING TOOLS MEASURING HANDTOOLS DRIVING TOOLS TOOLS DRIVING TOOLS BENDING CRIMPING H
88. echnology and Livelihood Education 161 3 Sweeping Shining Systematic cleaning a process of clearing out the dirt dust and residual grime to make the space machines and fixtures clean Examples are e What location or machines need immediate and regular clean up e Which of them should be cleaned first process of having a uniform procedures of work or placement of things in proper place Examples are e How the procedures done e What is the schedule of work from start to finish e Where should the finished work be placed e Who will be in charge of testing the work 5 Sustaining a process of maintaining a continuous and consistent implementation of doing the 5 S principles With these 5 S in mind as tool for management principles it is expected that it can build a good workshop and workplace environment that in the process it will result in shop maintenance efficiency and effectiveness AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 162 How Much Have You Learned Self check 2 1 l Directions Write the correct answer for each of the following questions 1 When personal safety is the issue it is basic to human instinct to oneself A prevent C promote B produce D protect 2 To some degree personal safety in the workshop is not only confined to the use of tools materials and equipment but to A her C others B him D self 3 Personal safety includes values and awarenes
89. echnology and Livelihood Education 23 Common faults of hand tools A hand tool is the best friend of every serviceman With it work becomes easy and efficient But if tools are not given careful attention they will easily give up without maximizing its usefulness If this condition continues it will result in a faulty condition This faulty condition results from ineffective use which eventually might create the risk of danger and accident Common faults of hand tools are usually blamed on manufacturer s defect However it doesn t mean that whenever hand tools become faulty or defective the manufacturer always carries the responsibility Metal fatigue is one of the usual causes of faulty hand tools specially those that are made from steel Like human body that sometimes needs rest metal fatigue is developed from overuse of tools It can also result from too much imposition of force on tools which is less than its capacity to endure It will render the tools unserviceable Because of wrong habits or attitudes human error also contributes to faulty hand tools Wrong use of tools for the job will create bad effect on the tools A screwdriver which is intended for loosening and tightening screws becomes defective and reduces its usefulness when used like cold chisel Natural tear and wear causes tools to widen or reduce its size A slack is noticeable when a box wrench for removing the bolt becomes loose when the internal sides of the wren
90. ectiveness frequently marked serviceability reduces oR wh 0UOOF LS SELF CHECK 3 1 1 Assess self reflection on Minute Paper LO4 Maintain Hand tools PRE TEST 1 Self Assessment SELF CHECK 1 Check self reflection on Minute Paper LESSON2 PERFORM MENSURATION AND CALCULATION ANSWER KEYS LO 1 Select Measuring Instrument and Carry out Measurement and Calculations PRE TEST 1 C measuring tool 2 B hit and miss 3 D vernier caliper 4 A manual 5 D torque 6 A backlash 7 C tolerance 8 D strobe light 9 A formula 10 A kilometer km AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 233 SELF CHECK 1 1 I B dishonesty D scientific A foot A kilometer km B 212 F 0O AUN A MECHANICAL USE 1 Vernier caliper 2 Micrometer caliper 3 Dial gauge B ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS USE 1 V O M Tester 2 Clamp ammeter 3 Megger tester 4 Engine analyzer 5 Strobe Timing light C PNEUMATIC USE Vacuum gauge Compression gauge Radiator pressure tester ohm D HYDRAULIC USE 1 Fuel pressure gauge 2 Oil pressure gauge 3 Temperature gauge E Check Personal Reflection AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 234 LO2 Maintain Measuring instruments PRE TEST A Why a measuring instruments get out of calibration 1 Low charge discharge battery 2 Miscarriage sudden heavy impact 3 Accidental dr
91. ed the next step is to assess the A game B play C risks D time 3 The is the probability likelinood of harm or damage occurring from exposure to a hazard and the likely consequences of that harm or damage A damage B destruction C hazard D risk 4 Risk level can be high medium or low A critical B intentional C logical D magical 5 The risk score at critical level is A 1 2 B 3 6 C 8 14 D 15 25 Criteria for Evaluating Results of Pre Test 100 skip the Learning Outcome and proceed to the next Learning Outcome 99 below Go through the Learning Outcome AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 211 feo WhatDo You Need To Know Read the Information Sheet 3 1 very well then find out how much you can remember and how much you learned by doing Self check Information Sheet 3 1 ye Step IDENTIFY THE HAZARDS Have the Is the Step Z ASSESS THE hana paee RISKS eliminate hiaai d or ly to reduced identify Step 3 CONTROL THE the risks hazards RISKS Have the and control manage measures risks Step 4 MONITOR This is the most important step in the risk management process A hazard which is not identified Step l IDENTIFY THE HAZARDS cannot be controlled Accordingly LO 1 it is crucial that this step is as comprehensive as possible Hazard identification must be AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education
92. emes of the Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998 PUWER under the Law on Tools and Maintenance is to ensure the safekeeping and securing of the equipment including tools This law helps in identifying safety procedure before it grows into a severe hazard In order to avoid these problems some principles must be followed Neglect of these principles opens a doorstep to risk and danger to life and property e OPERATIONAL PROCEDURE IN TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE 1 SAFE USE Assurance of safe use is expected This can be done by knowing the purpose application and requirement of tools and equipment Without this knowhow the user will only be guessing and wrong use is expected Risk of injury is more likely to happen Shop industry owners are expected to train their workers This will build morale and reduce danger 2 SAFEKEEPING Regular maintenance of tools and equipment through safekeeping must be a part of the health and safety of users and owners Dangers to theft and exposure to moisture is avoided property is taken care of and risk is evaded Putting the tools equipment and paper documents such as manual of specifications in a very protected but easy to retrieve place is a good habit of safekeeping Storage room must be properly locked and ventilated AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 46 3 SAFETY SIGNS AND SYMBOLS By putting safety signs and symbols users are informed an
93. eptional and with standard below standard oerformance oerformance oerformance Accuracy Performs the task Performs the task Performs the task with no error with at least 1 2 with at least 3 5 errors errors Compeoness Performs all the Performs the task Performs the task Completeness steps in sequence with at least 2 3 with at least 3 5 steps not met steps not met Follows all the safety Follows the safety Follows the safety Safety practices as set in practices with at practices with at the guidelines least 1 2 safety least 3 5 safety measures not met measures not met TOTAL RATING SCALE Points Earned S Numerical Rating PL Descriptive Rating PL 21 25 91 100 Outstanding 16 20 86 90 Very Good 11 15 81 85 Good 06 10 76 80 Fair 01 05 71 75 Needs Improvement WHAT IS YOUR SCORE AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 228 el How Do You Extend Your Learning 1 Make a parallel evaluation of your household furniture equipment inrelation with the one use in the workshop in terms of a Ergonomic design b Safety 2 Discuss your findings in the class Congratulations You did a great job Rest and relax a while then move on to the next lesson Good luck AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 229 REFERENCES Workplace hazards and risks http jessicawebber hubpages com hub Hazards and Risks in the Workplace LO 2 Hazard Identification Risk As
94. ere activities of service procedures are done AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 141 LEARNING OUTCOME 1 Inspect clean tools materials and shop equipment PERFORMANCE STANDARDS e Tools equipment and work area are inspected and cleaned free from dust grease and other substance e Cleaning solvent as per workshop cleaning requirements is observed e Work area is checked and cleaned Be Materias Nee e Personal Protective Equipment gt Goggles welding mask dust mask respirator hand gloves coveralls Materials gt Rags engine oil diesel oil gasoline container trash bin e Picture of safety signs and symbols e Sample chemicals compound gt Lacquer thinner Paint remover turco acid cleaners e Electric machines connectors plugs AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 142 What Do You Already Know Let us determine how much you already know about the inspecting cleaning tools materials and shop equipment Take this test Pretest LO 1 fe Directions Choose the letter of the option that will best complete the sentence 1 Accidents are usually caused by A fate C nature B mistakes D haste 2 Loose clothes untucked shirt or unrolled sleeves worn during work by a mechanic may result to getting A caught by the machine C torn B dirty D stained 3 Type of shoes that should be worn as protection from accident or injury in the workp
95. es or necklaces when working around moving machinery or electrical equipment e Do not put sharp objects into the pocket of work clothes They could cause personal injury or damage to vehicles e Keep hands free from oil and grease e Wipe off grease and other spills from the shop floor immediately or at least put an oil absorbing compound over them SF Fa 5 When cleaning up flammable liquids always dispose of the rags in a metal container with a tight fitting lid SEL Salus Loanther i 6 Do not look in the direction of another person who is welding 7 Do not run a vehicle engine inside a closed garage unless the vehicle exhaust is hooked up to exhaust ventilation equipment A deadly amount of carbon monoxide which is present in the exhaust can collect in a very short time 8 Do not smoke in any shop except in an area designated for smoking 9 When pumping a flammable liquid from a large container into a small one be sure to first attach a ground wire between both containers These guidelines for safety practices are practical in nature Common sense dictates what to do but knowing how these practices are applied will increase awareness and ability to increase your competencies AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 146 STANDARD SAFE HANDLING OF TOOLS MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT Safety in workshop is subject to a number of various risk assessments and safe codes of working practices
96. exert themselves and develop muscle strain especially in the back A assigned B designated C designed D resigned 2 Choose tools with an evenly balanced weight and make sure they are used in the proper A partition B position C precision D promotion 3 Hand tools should be designed according to requirements A economic B entrance C ergonomic D equal 4 Avoid holding a tool continuously in a position or gripping a heavy tool to reduce muscle pain A correct B easy C lax D raised 5 When determining the appropriate height of the work surface the following factors are considered except the elbow height of the worker the shape of tools and equipment being used the size of the product being worked on the type of work being performed DODD Criteria for Evaluating Results of Pre Test 100 skip the Learning Outcome and proceed to the next Learning Outcome 99 below Go through the Learning Outcome AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 221 ve 9 oo What Do You Need To Know Read the Information Sheet 4 1 very well then find out how much you can remember and how much you learned by doing Self check 4 1 Information Sheet 4 1 ye GUIDELINES IN MAINTAINING OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH AWARENESS A Sitting and Work chair design e Sitting lf a job does not require a great deal of physical strength and can be done in a limited space then the work should be done in a sitting pos
97. for designing jobs that require heavy ohysical work e Heavy work should not exceed the capacity of the individual worker e Heavy physical work should be varied throughout the day at regular intervals with lighter work e Rest periods must be included in the day s work AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 225 How Much Have You Learned Self Check 4 1 ye Directions Below is a puzzle interconnected with one another Give at least four 4 important guidelines in maintaining occupational safety and awareness Use your Activity Notebook for your answers Refer to the Answer Key What is your score AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 226 Directions Answer the following competencies in the column below to assess your knowledge in Maintaining Occupational Safety and Awareness Which of the following do you know about Put a check 7 on the appropriate box Maintaining Occupational Safety and Yes Awareness 1 Sitting and Work chair task 2 Standing workstation 3 Hand tools and controls 4 Heavy physical work AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 227 How Well Did You Perform Find out by accomplishing the Scoring Rubric honestly and sincerely Remember it is your learning at stake Performance Rubrics a ee Performs the task Performs the task Performs the task Proficiency with competence with competence with competence but and exc
98. fore and after use Delicate precision tool like Vernier and Micrometers must be used with caution It is made with a very light material that a sudden impact or force will damage its scale and calibration Ignition coil on test Unlike electrical electronics precision instruments sometimes a wrong selection of range is unintentional In V O M a selected 110 voltage range when tested in a 220 volts line will instantly create damage to the instrument That is why careful steps must be observed when using delicate precision instrument 2 Use the Principles of General Rule Sometimes a manufacturer allows a general rule when considering tolerance of parts or systems They include plus or minus rule Even with the availability of specifications manual manufacturers accept it but do not tolerate using it even though it does not cross the maximum limit of tolerance Not all parts or systems can be applied with this kind of principles The extent of tolerable limit must be determined so that the outcome of the process can be achieved without affecting other factors The application of piston ring end clearance is a good example Even without the aid of specifications manual the principle of general rule is applied by multiplying the piston diameter by three thousandths of an inch 003 in and you will get the acceptable piston ring end clearance 3 Use of Professional Experience This can be done if a person or user has
99. formation Information How Do You Apply What You Have Learned Show that you have learned something by doing this activity Activity Sheet 1 2 a Hazard Reduction Road Plan A Designing a hazard reduction road plan Copy road map of your city or town Be sure to indicate the roads or streets on your map Place some landmarks Create 5 to 10 pieces small about 1cm X 1cm traffic and road sign a Use 1 or more regulatory sign b Use 2 or more warning signs c Use 1 or more information sign Based on your map place your traffic and road signs on your map to keep it safe for the motorists and the community B Answer the following questions 1 Where should you place your signs left or right side of the road Why do you have to place your signs distance ahead of the actual location of its information What would happen if signs are not properly placed If you are to work in a large shop without any signs and symbol what are the possibilities that might happen to you shop and the job AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 97 How Well Did You Perform Find out by accomplishing the following job Remember it is your learning at stake Performance Rubrics 3 Better 2 Good 1 Needs Improvement Accuracy of All information were Two 2 information Three 3 or more information clear with no were information were questionable ideas unclear questionable
100. gulation code of practice and musculoskeletal disorder Criteria for Evaluating Results of Pre Test 100 skip the Learning Outcome and proceed to the next Learning Outcome 99 below Go through the Learning Outcome AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 197 re 9 feo What Do You Need To Know Read the Information Sheet 2 1 very well then find out how much you can remember and how much you learned by doing Self check 2 1 Information Sheet 2 1 i A EFFECT OF HAZARD ON HEALTH Exposure to hazards in the workplace can lead to serious illness In any workplace hazard is built in with it We cannot deny the existence of danger since a workplace is a site where there are many risky conditions materials or substances tools and equipment and practices which may bring jeopardy to humans health property or environment In the previous topics you have identified the different sources of hazard present in a workplace Hazards are threat to human life or health whenever a person is performing his or her job in the workplace Simply a mechanic is exposed to threat most of the time from simple tools to equipment from fumes to solvent Some occupational diseases have been recognized for many years and affect workers in different ways depending on the nature of the hazard the route of exposure the dose etc Some well known occupational diseases include e Asbestosis caused by asbestos whic
101. h fingers and exhaust emissions can be fatal if they build up in an enclosed area lf a vehicle moves while a worker is beneath it a fatality or serious injury could result AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 186 e Powered Tools and Hand Tools Many of the tools used in the automotive industry are powered by electricity Your employer must make sure all electrical machinery and equipment are kept in good working order Electrical plugs and switches must be checked regularly to make sure they are not damaged Leads can become split or frayed and these too must be inspected for wear each time they are used Electrically powered tools must be tested and tagged regularly Electrical Shock Line to ground fault 4 energizes meta parts The body becomes part Of an electrical peth Mroxer Terminal _ _ lt om id N ex 1000 Ohms i r i Eoo f ce i t i ha i ik v ER J y 120V 100022 120 mA Grounded Object or Hand tools such as spanners wrenches and screwdrivers will be used in every job The most common injuries from use of hand tools are to the hands and fingers Using the correct tools is an important way to avoid these injuries Welding operations generate hazardous fumes and should be separated from other workshop activities and from workers who may not be protected by fume extrac
102. h is common in insulation automobile brake linings etc e Silicosis caused by silica which is common in mining sandblasting etc e Lead poisoning caused by lead which is common in battery plants paint factories etc AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 198 e Noise induced hearing loss caused by noise which is common in many workplaces including airports and workplaces where noisy machines such as presses or drills etc are used ASBESTOSIS DISEASE SILICOSIS DISEASE LEAD POISONING There are also a number of potentially crippling health problems that can be associated with poor working conditions including e Stress related disorders e heart disease e musculoskeletal disorders such as permanent back injuries or muscle disorders e allergies e reproductive problems Stress occurs in many different circumstances but is particularly strong when a person s ability to control the demands of work is threatened The stressful experience is intensified if no help is available from colleagues or supervisors at work Heart disease related to work sometimes a result of GaN stressful condition that a worker tries to overcome an A ae existing workload in excess of his ability Stress is lt PE becoming more hazardous when it is associated to J _ iy a difficulties with work relationship with bosses or with co AP Yh hf K worker This may result to less concentration to work which a4
103. hat determines the pressure of oil flowing iI sy Wy 3 Temperature gauge is an instrument that determines if the engine temperature is normal or overheating AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 60 Techniques in measuring and determining Tolerance of parts There are many ways in measuring a part or component but there is difficulty when using precision instruments specially those that require minute data The process in which parts are measured needs to have a corresponding data of specifications so that a clear and objective result is attained Using specific measuring instrument for a specific part or system to be measured is highly recommended Specific measuring instrument is designed for specific part or system Using different instruments other than what is required will give you vague or incorrect result For these reasons determining to find out the tolerance will give you difficulty In order to apply techniques and determine tolerance some considerations are recommended for consideration e Use the Manual of Specifications e Use the Principles of General Rule e Use of Professional Experience 1 Use the Manual of Specifications The availability of specifications manual will speak for the tolerance of certain part or system Users manual will tell you the procedures on how it check and the negative effect if it exceeds the standard limit value of part or system Without this manual the
104. hazardous substance is any substance which can potentially harm the health and safety of workers Hazardous substance must be A advertise B insured C labeled D promoted Criteria for Evaluating Results of Pre Test 100 skip the Learning Outcome and proceed to the next Learning Outcome 99 below Go through the Learning Outcome AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 181 feo What Do You Need To Know Read the Information Sheet 1 1 very well then find out how much you can remember and how much you learned by doing Self check 1 1 Information Sheet 1 1 In any place or corner hazard could be present At home on the street in school or in the workplace anything could happen and may cause some damage to an individual or to property Example anything could happen with an extension cord lying on a floor from a simple tip off to electric shock or even more WHAT IS HAZARD A hazard is any source of potential damage harm or adverse effects on properties or someone s health under certain conditions at work Workplace hazards can come from a wide range of sources General examples include any substance material process practice etc that have the ability to cause harm or adverse health effect to a person under certain conditions See table below Examples of Hazards and Their Effects Workplace Hazard Example of Hazard Example of Harm Caused Object tool Knife Cut Substance Benzene Leu
105. he safety practices as set in practices with at the guidelines least 1 2 safety measures not met TOTAL RATING SCALE Points Earned S Numerical Rating PL Descriptive Rating P 21 25 91 100 Outstanding 16 20 86 90 Very Good 11 15 81 85 Good 06 10 76 80 Fair 01 05 71 75 Needs Improvement WHAT IS YOUR SCORE L A How Do You Extend Your Learning Directions Visit your nearest business industry and introduce yourself as automotive servicing student Ask the owner manager permission for you to observe how people work in relation to occupational hazards and risks Discuss your observation in the class AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 219 LEARNING OUTCOME 4 Maintain Occupational Safety and Awareness PERFORMANCE STANDARDS e Procedures in emergency related drills are strictly followed in line with the established organization guidelines and procedures Bie Materias oe e Sample sitting and chair design e Video clips of heavy physical work e Sample workstation in the shop AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 220 What Do You Already Know Let us determine how much you already know about maintaining occupational safety and awareness Take this test Pretest LO 4 ye Directions Select the best answer Write the letter of your answer in your Activity Notebook 1 Manual work must be properly so that workers will not over
106. hey fit only one size of hand and put pressure on hands they do not fit Make tool handles easy to grip Handles should also have good electrical insulation and they should not have any sharp edges or sharp corners Put soft plastic covers on handgrips to reduce slipperiness Avoid using tools that force the wrist to bend or to be in an awkward position Redesign tools so that the tool bends and not the wrist AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 224 Choose tools with an evenly balanced weight and make sure they are used in the proper e Position e Make sure tools are properly maintained e Tools should be appropriate for right or left handed workers D Heavy physical work Manual work must be designed properly so that workers will not overexert themselves and develop muscle strain especially in the back Performing heavy physical work for long periods causes the rate of breathing and the heart beat to increase If a worker is not in good physical condition he or she is likely to get tired easily while doing heavy physical work Whenever possible it is helpful to use mechanical power to do the heavy work This does not mean that employers should replace workers with machines rather that workers can use machines to perform the most arduous tasks Mechanical power reduces the risks to the worker and at the same time provides more work opportunities for people with less physical strength Use the following guidelines
107. ight High beam light Oil pressure warning Turn signals This symbol is usually turned on just after the driver starts the engine and informs him that one or more doors are closed incorrectly It warns the driver of the possibility of engine overheating and usually demands the driver to stop the vehicle It is turned on once the driver activates the high beam mode of the headlights This notification is turned on if the ECU detects a problem with the oil pressure the driver is usually recommended to stop the vehicle and service it as soon as possible Surely the most known instrument panels the turn signals are activated once the driver changes direction and uses the signal lever instrument gauges http www familycar com Classroom dashboard htm AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 101 How Much Have You Learned Self Check 1 3 ye Directions Encircle the letter of the correct option for each given condition A 1 Not charging D 2 Over heating D 3 F out of gas D 4 beam on D 5 Emergency indicator D B Multiple Choice Write the letter of your answer to identify the signs and symbols AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 102 This symbol lit up as soon as the ignition key is switch on then later after the engine runs it lit off If this symbol is ignored When both of these are blinking up The ignition ke
108. information to identify and select the size shape and type of tools needed to accomplish the task The following tools for the specific task have corresponding name of specific tools in performing the task TOOLS FOR A SPECIFIC PROCEDURE TASK Brushes fiber and wire Scraper e Cleaning tools Wiping cloth Chisel File Hacksaw Electric drills NAME OF SPECIFIC TOOLS e Cutting Tools Hole saw Machinist pliers Side cutting pliers Tin snip e Drivina tools Hammers Ball peen Brass Plastic g Starting and Drift punch AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 17 Pliers Combination Crimping and Splicer Cutting Long nose Vise grip Bench vise e Bending Holding Twisting Crimping Tools Gadget Wrenches Allen Box Combination Open Socket Spark plug Torque e Loosening and tightening tools wrench Screwdrivers Allen Flat Offset Phillips Stubby e Marking tools Center punch Scriber Caliper Metal tape measure Steel rule e Measuring tools Torque wrench Operation of hand tools To gain more knowledge about the tools you must know its basic functions so that you will be able to identify its use I CLEANING TOOLS 1 Scraper is a flat thin sheet of metal with wooden or plastic handle It is used to scrape hard to remove dirt or stubborn grime or plastic sticker 2 Steel Wire brush are thin strips of metal inserted in a wooden or plastic stock It is used to remove rust h
109. inment It also includes the common parts of shared buildings and temporary work sites but not construction sites AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 179 LEARNING OUTCOME 1 Identify hazards and risks PERFORMANCE STANDARDS Workplace hazards and risks are identified and clearly explained Hazards risks and its corresponding indicators are identified with the company procedures Contingency measures are recognized and established in accordance with organizational procedures By Materias oe e Hazard signs and symbols in home school workplace e Radio e Thinner and acid AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 180 What Do You Already Know Let us determine how much you already know about identifying hazards and risks Take this test Pretest LO 1 y ve Directions Write the letter of the correct answer on the blank space provided Use your Activity Notebook for your answers 1 A hazardis any source of potential damage harm or adverse effects on properties or someone s health under certain conditions at A leisure B play C rest D work 2 Hazards are classified into _ different types A Two B four C six D eight 3 Manual handling includes any activity that requires a person to lift push pull carry hold or move an object person or A animal B race C thing D tool 4 Welding operations generate hazardous A air B fumes C steam D vapor 5 A
110. iological includes bacteria viruses mould mildew insects vermin animals Psychosocial environment includes workplace stressors arising from a variety of Sources e Ergonomic repetitive movements improper set up of workstation etc WHAT IS RISK 7 Risk is the chance or probability that a person will puy f be harmed or experience an adverse health effect if M AON MHU a exposed to a hazard In an auto repair shop doing most a gt t I7 Pc a ae vi gt or Ue a of the jobs place a technician in risky situation Example _ the mechanic is exposed to danger while performing o 5 risk ci iis underchassis repairs he is at risk There are dangers w see ese o gt S NE hia ra that may actually become an accident like a bolt snaps while loosening and the mechanics hand strikes hard on 1 Al IA other component It may also apply to situations with heat vA property or equipment loss like the engine in above example would experience damage from a knock down and the car itself would be damaged too Hazard VS Risk Mostly these two words are used interchangeably with one another From above statements in this lesson hazard and risk have its own identity which areclosely related to one another Hazard is the possible danger that could occur when some factors would trigger such event 2hile risk is the possible harm which may result if given danger becomes active Simply hazard is a possibl
111. ion to the metal body or frame of the vehicle A Pictorial B Plan C ground D Schematic 10 Used to present some components precisely with dimension A Plan B Technical drawing C semi schematic D pictorial 11 The source of electricity in an automobile A ground B terminals C fuse D battery 12 Which of the following isconsider as load A battery B wire C bulb D ground 13 Electrically operated noise makers used by the driver to warn the pedestrian of an approaching vehicle A relay B headlight C horn D tail light AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 109 14 An electrical device that converts electrical energy to mechanical energy in a rotary motion A resistor B motor C relay D bulb 15 A device that allows a small current to control a switch of a much larger current circuit A relay B engine C park light D switch Criteria for Evaluating Results of Pre Test 100 skip the Learning Outcome and proceed to the next Learning Outcome 99 below Go through the Learning Outcome AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 110 feo What Do You Need To Know Read Information Sheet 2 1 very well then find out how much you can remember and how much you have learned by doing Self check Information Sheet 2 1 i DIAGRAMS PLANS AND DRAWING A drawing is a picture of something made with a pencil or pen usually consisting of lines generally witho
112. ional erratic or irregular movements Legislation the act or process of making laws enactment Pedestrians a person traveling on foot whether walking or running In some communities those traveling using roller skates or skateboards are also considered to be pedestrians Risks a measure of the possibility of a specific harmful effect in given circumstances Severity used of the degree of something undesirable e g pain or weather Tendinitis is informally also tendonitis It is theinflammation of a tendon the suffix itis denotes diseases characterized by inflammation is a type of tendinopathy often confused with the more common tendinosis which has similar symptoms but requires different treatment The term tendinitis should be reserved for tendon injuries that involve larger scale acute injuries accompanied by inflammation Triggered a device that activates or releases or causes something to happen Ventilation the process of changing or replacing air in any space to provide high indoor air quality i e to control temperature replenish oxygen or remove moisture odors smoke heat dust airborne bacteria and carbon dioxide Ventilation is used to remove unpleasant smells and excessive moisture introduce outside air to keep interior building air circulating and to prevent stagnation of the interior air Workplace applies to a wide range of premises including shops offices schools hospitals and places of enterta
113. iped with friction oil 2 Defective tools and equipment should be A marked as defective B put under the bench C reused D thrown away 3 To prevent from being bumped into or tripped over tools used should be A passed on to someone else who will need them next B put under the bench so that they are out of the way C returned to the tool room or put back in their drawers cabinets or racks D stacked neatly on the bench when you are done with them 4 For safety drawers and cabinet doors should be A avoided B clearly labeled C kept closed D painted red 5 Do not lay tools on ledges fenders or any place where they could A get lost B fall on someone C get dirty D look messy and unprofessional AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 150 lll Directions Identify the strength of the following chemical cleaners in the box Write S for Strong H for Heavy M for Mild and S for Soft Write your answers in your Activity notebook Paint Remover 2 Muriatic Acid 2 3 Lacquer Thinner 3 4 Dressing Compound 4 5 Glass Cleaners 5 Refer to the Answer Key What is your score AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 151 How Do You Apply What You Have Learned Show that you have learned something by doing this activity I Directions Make a round inside the workshop area Observe and list down the condition of the shop if it complies with the workshop p
114. ipment PRE TEST 1 C others D well ventilated C upper body A habits D protect C gloves B face mask A signs D symbols 0 C personal safety a ee a a AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 239 SELF CHECK 2 1 Se a protect self habits upper body protection well ventilated 0UONLFUNU 1 A These are the ones that need sustainable training in the shop and workshop environment D having uniform procedures of work or placement of things in proper place 3 B management of workshop facilities like the tools materials equipment machineries including facilities like furniture lighting water and furniture 4 C maintaining a continuous and consistent implementation of doing the 5 S 5 E making things easy to see easy to get and easy to return LO 3 Dispose Waste Used Lubricants PRE TEST 1 A harmful effects A managed A waste materials B good 2 3 4 5 A compliance 6 7 8 9 B environment B lubricating C reactive D lethal 0 A condition AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 240 SELF CHECK 3 1 A waste materials A compliance C harmful effects B good C managed LESSON 5 PRACTICE OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY PROCEDURES LO 1 IDENTIFY HAZARDS AND RISKS PRE TEST D work C six C thing B fumes
115. ise are identified and controlled The monitoring and review process involves e systematically checking existing risk control measures to assess their effectiveness e collecting data on any new hazards which have arisen e formulating new control measures Here are some general suggestions for an ergonomic workstation Accommodate both right and left handed workers by providing a good work layout and tools which suit their needs Provide each workstation with a chair even if the work is done standing up Periodic rests and changes in body position reduce the problems of standing for too long Eliminate glare and shadows Good lighting is essential Points to remember about workstation design The workstation is the place a worker occupies when performing a job A well designed workstation is important for preventing diseases related to poor working conditions as well as for ensuring work is productive Every workstation should be designed with both the worker and the task in mind A properly designed workstation should allow the worker to maintain a correct and comfortable body posture There are a number of ergonomic factors to consider when designing a workstation including head height shoulder height arm reach elbow height hand height leg length and hand and body size AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 216 in If lifting equipment is not available the job may require a two person
116. issued to individuals who achieved all the required units of competency for a national qualification as defined under the Training Regulations NCs are aligned to specific levels within the PTQF TESDA Board Resolution No 2004 13 Training Regulations Framework NATIONAL CERTIFICATE LEVEL refers to the four 4 qualification levels defined in the Philippine TVET Qualifications Framework PTQF Where the worker in a NC I performs a routine and predictable tasks has little judgment and works under supervision b NC II performs prescribe range of functions involving known routines and procedures has limited choice and complexity of functions and has little accountability AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 3 How Do You Use This Module This Module has five Lessons Each Lesson has the following parts Learning Outcomes Performance Standards Materials Resources Definition of Terms What Do You Already Know What Do You Need to Know How Much Have You Learned How Do You Apply What You Have Learned How Well Did You Perform References To get the most from this Module you need to do the following 1 5 6 Begin by reading and understanding the Learning Outcome s and Performance Standards These willtell you what you should know and be able to do at the end of this Module Find out what you already know by taking the Pretest then check your answer against the Answer Key If you get 99
117. ition Note sitting all day is not good for the body especially for the back Therefore there should be some variety in the job tasks performed so a worker is not required to do sitting work only A good chair is essential for sitting work The chair should allow the worker to change the leg and general working positions easily The following are some ergonomic guidelines for sitting work e The worker needs to be able to reach the entire work area without stretching or twisting unnecessarily e A good sitting position means that the individual is sitting straight in front of and close to the work e The work table and the chair should be designed so that the work surface is approximately at the same level as the elbows e The back should be straight and the shoulders relaxed e f possible there should be some form of adjustable support for the elbows forearms or hands e Work chair A proper work chair needs to satisfy certain ergonomic requirements Use the following guidelines when choosing a chair e The work chair should be appropriate for the job being performed and for the height of the work table or workbench AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 222 to of B Ideally the seat height and the backrest height should be adjustable separately The backrest tilt should also be adjustable The chair should allow the worker to lean forward or backward easily The worker should have adequat
118. kemia Material Asbestos Mesothelioma Source of Energy Electricity Shock electrocution Condition Wet floor Slips falls Process Welding Metal fume fever Practice Hard rock mining Silicosis AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 182 As shownin the table above workplace hazards also include practices or conditions that release uncontrolled energy like an object that could fall from a height potential or gravitational energy a run away chemical reaction chemical energy the release of compressed gas or steam pressure high temperature entanglement of hair or clothing in a rotating equipment kinetic energy or contact with electrodes of a battery or capacitor electrical energy 3 Modes Forms of a hazard Dormant The situation has the potential to be hazardous but no people property or environment is currently affected by this For instance a hillside may be unstable with the potential for a landslide but there is nothing below or on the hillside that could be affected For a shop work area dormant hazard is an undetected hazard created by the design of equipment or layout of the workshop area Armed The situation has the potential to be hazardous and there are people property or environment that is in potential harm s way This is a dormant hazard that has become armed and ready to cause harm during certain work circumstances Active A harmful incident involving the hazard has actu
119. l bar start to cut the bar by applying slight pressure on forward stroke Release the pressure on the backward stroke 9 Repeat the process by adding additional pressure on the succeeding stroke strokes per minute sure that full length stroke is 10 Lessen the pressure when the steel bar is nearly cut to avoid blade from breaking 11 Clean the hacksaw by wiping it with dry cloth wipe with a drop of oil Return the hacksaw in its proper storage AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 35 LEARNING OUTCOME 3 Prepare report of malfunctioning tools PERFORMANCE STANDARDS Malfunctioning tools in unplanned or unusual event are reported L Materials Dy NL 1 Inventory sheet 2 Drill bit 4 Broken wrench 5 Hack saw 3 Grinding wheel 6 Record book AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 36 What Do You Already Know Let us determine how much you already know about preparing a report of malfunctioning tools Take this test Pretest LO 3 ye Directions Answer the question by writing the letter of the best answer 1 Tools must be used to their maximum A effectiveness C elasticity B enablement D endurance 2 A tool that has been defective creates headache and Irritation A frequently C once a month B once a year D seldom 3 Faulty tools must be recorded and reported at once A condemned C marked B thrown D used
120. lace A hard shoes or boots with rubber soles C tennis shoes with Velcro fasteners B sandals with heels and closed toes D track shoes with laces 4 Why rings or jewelry are dangerous to wear during work A could cause electric shock C scratch machines or car finish B react chemically with oil and solvents D all of the above 5 Most important reason why it s important to use the right tools for the right job A save money C efficiency B fun D neatness AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 143 feo What Do You Need To Know Read Information Sheet 1 1 very well then find out how much you can remember and how much you have learned by doing Self check Information Sheet 1 1 ye WORKSHOP POLICIES AND SERVICE PROCEDURES e Workshop Policy The workshop policy applies to all workshop It entails awareness about legal policies that must be put into practice It is an understanding of all the hazards that may exist in the workplace Each person who works at the shop should be required to read the policy and agrees to abide by it This provides important legal protections in the event of an accident Workshop policy includes shop safety It is the responsibility of everyone Safety means protecting oneself from injury at all times Working in the shop requires the use of a large variety of tools materials and equipment that can injure the worker and others in the shop if not properly used A pr
121. logy and Livelihood Education 64 173 Degrees F ALCOHOL BOILS 78 34 Degrees C 212 Degrees F WATER BOILS 100 Degrees C An orderly manner and systematic way of calculation is necessary This can be done by employing some means of mathematical formula Having this kind of system will not only simplify the job of computation but will arrive in a definite and correct answer to the problem Aside from having a chart of conversions it is a fundamental need that you must Know how to calculate some simple computation of measurements Although what you need can be found in the chart it is still good that you know basic use of mathematical formula in solving numerical problems There will be time that you will be challenged to make computations Having this knowledge is an advantage on your part To mention are some physics applied in automotive servicing A Temperature is the degree of the hotness and coldness of a body It is expressed in degrees Fahrenheit F or in degrees Celsius C or in SI unit for temperature is Kelvin K TEMPERATURE CONVERSION TABLE TO CONVERT EQUATION EXAMPLE Convert 50 C to F Celsius to Fahrenheit F 9x 50 C 32 122 F C to F 5 Convert 122 F to C Fahrenheit to Celsius z C 5 epia E 3 50 C F to C 9 Celsius to Kelvin Convert 50 C to K C toK K C 273 K 50 C 273 323K Kelvin to Celsius Convert 323 K to C K to C C 323 K 273 50 C AUTOMOTIVE K to 12
122. mbols If yes 1 Ready your paper and pencil 2 Proceed to the nearest auto shop or garage jeepneys are not recommended cars are recommended 3 Ask politely the owner for the assistance never do this on your own to turn on the ignition See and observe the front panel in front of the driver s seat 4 You must be seeing some symbols that lit up in the front panel instrument On your paper draw those symbols that you have observed It is an advantage if you can take a picture of it 4 You may ask the owner what are those symbols for Take note of its purpose Answer the following questions 1 Why is it necessary to have the front panel instrument 2 What does the symbol that lit is trying to convey 3 How will these symbols help you in performing diagnosis in that vehicle AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 104 How Well Did You Perform Find out by accomplishing the Scoring Rubric honestly and sincerely Remember it is your learning at stake Performance Rubrics 3 Better 2 Good 1 Needs Improvement Mastery of the concept Level of competence Level of confidence Completeness of work Rating Scale 9 12 Better 5 8 Good Manifested a working knowledge of the concept with no error Performed the skill process accurately and automatically Demonstrated the skills correctly and easily with confidence Demonstrated a level of completion at 100
123. n decibel levels mnjanpyj 140 AIN n 110 115 120 A 85 90 T o 4 s s Raindrops Normal Busy city Hair Rock Chain AniPod Jack Gunshot conversation traffic dryers concerts saws at peak hammers fireworks volumes Sources dangerousdecibels ong WS research e Hazardous Substances A hazardous substance is any substance which can potentially harm the health and safety of workers Labels and material safety data sheets MSDS provide OHS information about the substance 1 Hazardous substances and dangerous goods The automotive industry requires the use of dangerous goods such as petrol and gas and hazardous substances such as acids oils diesel and solvents 2 Petrol containers and gas cylinders must be stored securely away from heat sources and out of the path of vehicle traffic These are highly flammable substances and could cause fatality and serious injury if not carefully handled and stored 3 Solvents are often used as cleaners or degreasers They can enter the body when a person breathes in their vapor through skin contact or through the mouth from contact with food or fingers Solvents can impair memory and cause headaches dizziness fatigue mood changes or nausea Exposure to high levels of solvents can cause liver damage unconsciousness death and cancers 4 Spray paints contain harmful substances Inhaling paint fumes may cause occupational asthma Long term exposure can
124. nd Livelihood Education 4 A layout diagram or the physical design which shows the actual connection being used This is more artistic than schematic and pictorial diagram Plans are a set of drawings or two dimensional diagrams used to describe a place or object or to communicate building or fabrication instructions The purpose of a plan is to capture all the geometric features of a component This is also for presentation or orientation purposes a 1 u if if i x a 1 as NERA By ee p T R RA Sa I E ih we AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 113 Common to industrial purposes like in automotive a technical drawing is use to present some components precisely with dimension OOF 90 F175 490 75 emu eA 0410 Fees 12x8 Metric 125 pltch EEMHE DAAA Rellewed for threading 6061 Alunni Proflle B E ls up to machala t as long as other dimenslons meet spec T 30 Short Shifter Stick Ooo o a en In this drawing English System is used for all dimensions except the dimension for the thread given in 12x8 Metric 1 25 pitch LA CG3JIUII OMOCUISICUCIVUIIT 19 VVC HIAS UCCU MIAA CCOCIHIIGCGCUIL UTrTiUVVITIYW OUCLTIT times when necessary replacement has to be considered the drawing will be DRAWING picture using pen or pencil DIAGRAM simple drawing 1 PICTORIAL 2 SCHEMATIC simple images standard symbols 3
125. nd out how much you can remember and how much you learned by doing Self check 1 1 Information Sheet 1 1 ye Analyze Signs Symbols And Data Signs and Symbols are visuals that communicate idea process or warning Uses of signs and symbols are the following 1 Draw attention to health and safety hazards In any place preservation of life is the most important whether it is in the workplace or on the road for both the worker and visitors alike Point out hazards that may not be obvious Extra precautions are reminded at some places or instances to avoid some risks that may not be obvious For poor observance of proper use of equipments Tools and equipments are designed for some specific purpose and proper use keep in mind that these tools and equipments may not perform well and may fail or even break when not properly used A single failure ofequipments will result to decreased productivity Even worst may cause harm to a worker himself Provide general information and directions In a workplace signages provide information of the different tools and equipments location as well as emergency exits Remind employees where and when personal protective equipment must be worn Workers sometimes forget to wear personal protective equipments though it is part of their daily routine Show where emergency equipment is located Though safety is observed and accident free environment is monitored Workers should be familiari
126. nd tools and test equipment LO 3 prepare record of malfunctioning tools and LO 4 maintain hand tools AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 5 G Definition of Terms Adjusting an activity or task done to arrange parts in relation to position or regulate a clearance in relation to accuracy Air cleaner apaper or cellulose element that filters the air before entering the engine Assembling an activity or task of putting together of parts or mechanism in correct and complete position Bolt a round rod metal with external threads The external thread can be screwed in an internally threaded stock or nut It usually has square or hexagonal head where wrench a can be inserted to loosen and tighten Checking a process of verifying and confirming the condition of parts by observation or inspection Fault a condition of flaw or imperfection Hand tools a portable devices that are guided and operated by hands Hose a flexible and heat resistant rubber that serves as a passage of coolant in the cooling system Inspection examining or looking closely as a course of action Loosen release from tightness or free from restraint Major task a work which is reasonably great in scope Malfunction a condition where a part or system does not function normally Measuring an activity or task of getting the amount size or quantity of a certain thing or stock parts Nuts a usually square or hexagonal shape
127. ne how much you already know about interpreting technical drawings and plans Take this test Pretest LO 2 y Directions Encircle the best answer for each question 1 An illustration of clutch system wherein each component is arranged in a manner of proper assembly This presentation is A Pictorial B Semi schematic C Schematic D Plan 2 Inthe Ignition System Diagram wherein symbols and images are used to represent the components what kind of diagram is drawn on this presentation A Pictorial B Semi schematic C Schematic D Plan 3 A presentation of the ignition system wherein all components are represented by simple images A Pictorial B Semi schematic C Schematic D Plan 4 It is a circuit protecting device that melts and cuts off a circuit What is the symbol AL gt A B C D 5 Which of the following is NOT used in schematic diagram AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 108 6 A picture of something made with a pencil or pen usually consisting of lines generally without color A Diagram B Drawing C Pictorial D Plan 7 Uses simplified standard symbols A Layout Diagram B Pictorial C Semi schematic D Schematic 8 Also known as Physical design which shows the actual connection being used This is more artistic than schematic and pictorial diagram A layout diagram B pictorial C semi schematic D schematic 9 Represents an electrical connect
128. ng as well as twisting sideways or working with materials and equipment above shoulder height All of these increase the risk of manual handling injury Many engine parts are too heavy to lift safely and storage of items such as vehicle tires on racking while it may be easy at ground level where they can be rolled in presents a manual handling risk if you attempt to lift them e Machinery and Equipment Poor design poor maintenance inexperience and lack of training increase the risk of injury from tools and equipment and its operators Hoists are used to elevate vehicles so repairs can be made safely by people working beneath the vehicle The safe operation of hoists is essential and depends upon competent operators and strict maintenance and inspection routines Every hoist must be subjected to a pre operation check and routine inspection and maintenance must be carried out at least every three months Air compressors are dangerous and should never be used to blow dust or dirt from clothing or work materials Compressed air accidentally blown into an open wound can be fatal because air can be forced into bloodstream Asbestos has been used in some vehicle components such as brake lining there is the possibility that asbestos fibre may be found in automotive workshops compressed air should never be used to blow what may appear to be dust from these items Engines have exposed moving parts fans and belts which could catc
129. ns TURN RIGHT TURNLEFT KEEPLEFT AHEAD ONLY KEEP RIGHT Regulatory Prohibition Signs Mostly black symbol on white circular background background with red border NO ENTRY NO LEFT NO PARKING NO U TURN aa TURN NO NO RIGHT MOTORCYCLE OVERTAKING TURN PROHIBITED The marking or figure in the SPEED LIMIT sign is in kilometer per hour AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 93 T JUNCTION AHEAD BEND WARNING QUARYSIDE AHEAD SERIES OF BENDS PEDESTRIAN CROSSROAD AHEAD TRAFFIC SIGNAL AHEAD STEEP HILL UPWARD JUNCTION AHEAD SLIPPERY ROAD MERGING TRAFFIC UNEVEN ROAD CHILDREN AHEAD TUNNEL AHEAD For traffic signs according to the Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals the symbol in yellow diamond with black border is another warning sign in addition to the white triangle in red border AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 94 Priority signs Other provision stated in the Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals Inverted equilateral triangle in a white background with red border It means you must let traffic in the intersection or close to it go first Stop if necessary and go only when the way is clear YIELD or GIVE WAY SIGN White text STOP in red octagon It means you must come to a complete stop Stop at the stop line if it is marked on the pavement If there is no stop line stop at the cro
130. nt repetitive bending or straightening of the elbow from its neutral position at a right angle twisting the wrist and forearm Hazardous reaching movements reaching forward Areas of Pain neck and shoulder Body Movement e reaching above shoulder level Hazardous reaching movements reaching above shoulder level Areas of Pain neck and shoulder Body Movement e reaching far out in front of the body AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 201 Hazardous reaching movements reaching behind the trunk Areas of Pain neck and shoulder Body Movement e reaching behind the trunk e twisting the arm Allergies Occupational Dermatitis is by far the most common cause of occupational disease and accounts for most workdays lost Contact dermatitis makes up the majority of work related diseases mostly in the form of non allergic irritant dermatitis Allergic contact dermatitis is becoming more prevalent and accounts for 20 of work related skin disease SOME HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES THAT CAUSE LOCAL AND SYSTEMIC EFFECTS SYSTEMIC EFFECTS BRAIN AHD HERVOUS SYSTEM LOCAL EFFECTS organophosphorus pesticides lead SKIH an mercury acrylis manganese epoxy resins arsenic nickel U ERY CIRCULATORY SYSTEM coal tar carbon monoxide benzene vinyl chioride ant fichoroePiylene LUNG f g benzene asbestos i toluene silica te cotton dust TOI LIVER CA HANH diesel emissions E oride bagasse dus
131. od Education TLE student like you ought to possess namely Use Hand Tools Perform Mensuration and Calculations Interpret Plans and Drawings Perform Shop Maintenance Practice Occupational Health and Safety Procedure od Fee ae he These 5 common competencies are covered separately in 5 Lessons As shown below each Lesson is directed to the attainment of one or more learning outcomes Lesson 1 Use Hand Tools LO 1 Plan and prepare for tasks to be undertaken LO 2 Prepare and use hand tools LO 3 Prepare report of malfunctioning tools LO 4 Maintain hand tools Lesson 2 Perform Mensuration and Calculations LO 1 Select measuring instrument and carry out measurement and calculations LO 2 Maintain measuring instruments Lesson 3 Interpret Plans and Drawings LO 1 Analyze signs symbols and data LO 2 Interpret technical drawings and plans Lesson 4 Perform Shop Maintenance LO 1 Inspect and clean tools and shop equipment LO 2 Store and Arrange tools and shop equipment LO 3 Dispose waste used lubricants Lesson 5 Practice Occupational Health and Safety Procedures LO 1 Identify hazards and risks LO 2 Evaluate hazards and risks LO 3 Maintain occupational health and safety awareness Your success in this exploratory course on Automotive is shown in your ability to perform the performance standards found in each lesson INATIONAL CERTIFICATE NC is a certification
132. of exhaust emissions collecting in the pit Good ventilation is essential in automotive workshops Engine bay doors should be fully open at all times If weather conditions prevent this the work must be evaluated and tasks such as spray painting which could result in a build up of fumes should be postponed Respirators will be necessary for a number of jobs in an automotive workshop Dust masks do not provide protection against vehicle fumes and gases or paint drift from spraying operations Employers must find out what kind of breathing protection is needed and make sure all workers are issued with it and instructed in its correct use e Noise Excessive noise can cause permanent hearing loss and is probably the most common cause of hearing loss in adult males Hearing loss limits a person s ability to communicate at work home and socially There is no medical treatment and hearing aids offer limited benefit Employees in the automotive industry work with noisy tools and machinery such as wheel removers compressors grinders and drills While in an automotive workshop you may be exposed to noise levels exceeding 85 decibels or dB A that could lead to hearing loss AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 188 How Loud Is Too Loud Noise induced hearing damage is related to the duration and volume of exposure Government research suggests the safe exposure limit is 85 decibels for eight hours a day Some commo
133. ofitable auto shop is a well run auto shop a well run auto shop is a safe one Automotive mechanic uses power tools if needed Power tools are usually electrically driven It means it can work in a span of minute Therefore this must be treated with care and respect Workshop policy on service procedures from the time the customer comes in and gets out must be strictly followed so that they will be satisfied with the work rendered to them Workers will also benefit if is obeyed It means that they will work on the job order issued to them They should never work on any other orders unless given to them by the person in charge so that healthy working relationship is preserved between the company and the workers AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 144 There is also workshop policy on the use of tools materials and equipment Compliance with them will create good management of these implements Materials like rags petroleum products and water are economized tools hammers wrenches and screwdrivers are taken care and use of equipment like air compressor as substitute to electric fan is not misused Aside from these use of workshop and office facilities like fans papers toiletries cleaning materials are not abused e General Requirements of Safety in Workshop Policy gt Guidelines for safe practices 1 During the course of working in the shop a general service technician moves from one area of the shop to another
134. olicy requirements Answer the following questions 1 What workshop policy needs to be 2 What other suggestions can you give 2 1 2 2 2 3 AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 152 Il Directions Perform the proper handling of tools materials and equipment Connecting and disconnecting of electrical plug from the source Wiping or brushing dust and Carrying of Electric Drills dirt with rags and brush Making tags for Inspecting electric machines p g KOIK im Oo CIME na AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 153 How Well Did You Perform Find out by accomplishing the Scoring Rubric honestly and sincerely Remember it is your learning at stake Performance Rubrics _ Safety TOTAL _ S o RATING SCALE i the task with competence and exceptional performance Performs the task with no error Performs all the steps in sequence Follows all the safety practices as set in the guidelines Points Earned S Descriptive Rating PL 06 10 01 05 21 25 91 16 20 11 15 76 80 7 1 75 WHAT IS YOUR SCORE AUTOMOTIVE Numerical Rating PL Performs the task with competence and with standard performance Performs the task with at least 1 2 errors Performs the task with at least 2 3 steps not met Follows the safety practices with at least 1 2 safety measures not met 100 86 90 81 85 Fai
135. ook by writing the letter of your answer 1 Industrial are a great concern of environmentalists A waste materials C waist substance B waist materials D ways products 2 Problems on waste materials can be solved if proper attention information dissemination training and are adequately provided in the workplace A compliance C observation B hearing D styling 3 Government institution like the DENR have local policies that protect the citizens from these hazardous materials and substance A balance effects C harmful effects B good effects D neutral effects 4 A separate container or trash bin for disposable materials is a habit A bad C not so bad B good D not so good 5 The effects of hazardous waste materials to human and environment can be A bought C managed B loaned D rented Refer to the Answer Key What is your score AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 172 How Do You Apply What You Have Learned Show that you learned something by doing this activity Operation Sheet 3 1 i I Directions Perform the following competencies and assess yourself using the Performance rubrics PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT Name Year amp Section Course Time Allotment Module Title ____Grading Period Unit of i Performance Use of Hand Tasks Level LO1 Inspect Clean Inspect Clean workshop Tools and tools and Shop equipment Equipment LO2 Store Arrange Store Arrange
136. oor public relations AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 203 LEGISLATION Government legislation is what provides workers with minimum standards of health and safety in the workplace Minimum standards however can always be made more protective with stronger legislation Historically many trade unions have been successful in pressuring governments to enact health and safety legislation to make legislation more protective and to enforce the laws Today it is still important for unions to organize and fight for stronger and more protective occupational health and safety legislation at the national state or provincial levels Workers industry officials health professionals and WORKERS l government EE officials all gt oo have responsibilities for health and safety How legislation is structured The terms used in health and safety legislation may vary in different countries However there are some common international terms that you may see in your country s legislation Four of these terms are act regulation code of practice guide Act Acts are fully supported by law therefore potentially they have a great deal of power but generally that power is only effective with adequate enforcement Regulations Once a health and safety act is passed then a minister usually the Minister of Labour the Cabinet or the state provincial or even national government will de
137. op 4 Accidental use 5 Unprotected covering B Basic rules to consider in managing your measuring instruments 1 Always keep your receipt of purchase 2 Always follow safety instructions 3 Always match the type of job with your instruments 4 Always handle your measuring instruments safely 5 Always store in safe and clean place SELF CHECK 2 1 A Why a measuring instruments get out of calibration Low charge discharge battery Miscarriage sudden heavy impact Accidental drop Accidental use Unprotected covering O AOUN B Basic rules to consider in managing your measuring instruments Always keep your receipt of purchase Always follow safety instructions Always match the type of job with your instruments Always handle your measuring instruments safely Always store in safe and clean place oDoaogg AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 235 LESSONS INTERPRETING PLANS AND DRAWINGS ANSWER KEYS LO 1 ANALYZE SIGNS SYMBOLS AND DATA PRE TEST A SA ee ee ae O gt PWrowrrwoo okWND mMmoWoortn SELF CHECK 1 1 1 B 2 C 3 C 4 B 5 A 6 B 7 A 8 B 9 A 10 B SELF CHECK 1 2 A IDENTIFICATION 1 NO PARKING 2 KEEP LEFT 3 SPEED LIMIT 4 NO U TURN 5 CHILDREN AHEAD AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 236 B CLASSIFICATION A ale oe ae Information Warning Regulatory Warning Regulatory SELF CHECK 1
138. r Performs the task with competence but below standard performance Performs the task with at least 3 5 errors Performs the task with at least 3 5 steps not met Follows the safety practices with at least 3 5 safety measures not met Outstanding Very Good Good Needs Improvement K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 154 How Do You Extend Your Learning Directions Visit the nearest automotive shop in your community Introduce yourself as automotive servicing student and ask for the different chemical cleaning materials they used in automotive shop Compare with the ones listed below Anti rust paint Anti rust spray Automobile body cleaners Baking soda Glass cleaner Lacquer thinner Metal conditioner Muriatic acid Paint remover 10 Paint thinner 11 Solvent 12 Wheel and tire dressing compound oe ee ee a AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 155 LEARNING OUTCOME 2 Store arrange tools and shop equipment PERFORMANCE STANDARDS e Corresponding labels for containers and waste materials are posted and made visible e Total quality management is observable L Materials Dr SS e Personal body protection gt Bonnet rubber gloves apron goggles hand cream safety shoes coveralls e International standard safety signs and symbols e Pictureof5S AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 156 What Do You Alread
139. rchy of Control Apply the highest level of control commensurate with the risk level lower value controls may be used in the interim until long term controls are implemented AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 215 BEI Control Ooo EXample OS Emra Eliminate equipment out of service Replacing a hazardous substance or process with a Substitute less hazardous one eg substituting a hazardous substance with a non hazardous substance Restricting access to plant and equipment or in the 3 Isolation case of substances locking them away under strict controls Redesign a process or piece of equipment to make it Engineering less hazardous Isolating the hazard from the person at risk eg using a guard or barrier Adopting standard operating procedures SOPs or Administrative safe work practices or providing appropriate training instruction or information Protective equipment could include using gloves glasses Era Personal The provision and use of personal protective Equipment earmuffs aprons safety footwear dust masks Hazard management should be an ongoing and constantly improving process To ensure the effectiveness in eliminating Step 4 MONITOR and or minimizing risk the process must be continuously reviewed and steps taken to REVIEW implement revised control measures where appropriate It ensures that new hazards and those overlooked in the Original exerc
140. rew driver Fire extinguisher Steel rule Drill bit Se Oa ey AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 8 What Do You Already Know Let us determine how much you already know about planning and preparing for task to be undertaken Take this test Pretest LO 1 LZ Directions Answer the question by writing the letter of the best answer on a separate sheet of paper 1 A successful task can be achieved through planning and preparation A careful and proper C constant B courageous D seldom 2 Good preparation will boost your A confidence C intelligence B skill D weakness 3 One of the factors to consider when planning and preparing for the task in order to avoid accident is A materials C place B safety D waste disposal 4 When the task calls for the removal of parts use A cleaning tools C loosening and tightening tools B marking tools D measuring tools 5 Measuring is a task that needs A cleaning tools C cutting tools B measuring tools D tightening and loosening tools AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 9 20 What Do You Need To Know Read Information Sheet 1 1 very well then find out how much you can remember and how much you have learned by doing Self check Information Sheet 1 1 fe Plan and prepare for the tasks to be undertaken Planning is part and parcel of achieving a successful task Your ability to plan will enable you to a
141. rmsThe Bruce Publishing Co 1948 e Chilton s Easy Car Care Chilton Book Company 3 Ed Chilton Way Radnor PA 19089 e Stockel Martin W Auto mechanics Fundamentals The Goodheart Willcox Company Inc 1978 e The Oxford Dictionary of Current English New Revised Ed Oxford University Press 1998 e Popular Mechanics Guide To Auto Basic Repair and Maintenance Book Division The Hearst Corporation New York NY e www google com ph e en wikipedia org AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 176 Practice Occupational Health and Safety Procedures Lifting hazard Approximately 100 Ibs Single person lift could cause injury Use assistance when moving or lifting mas d amp zav for the Ge fas risk amie seo his now wake PTY 6 WRX 3 LEARNING OUTCOMES At the end of this Lesson you are expected to do the following LO 1 identify hazards and risks LO 2 evaluate hazards and risks LO 3 control hazards and risks and LO 4 maintain occupational safety and awareness AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 177 ve Definition of Terms Avalanche also called a snow slide or snow slip It is a sudden drastic flow of snow down a slope occurring when either natural triggers such as loading from new snow or rain or artificial triggers such as snowmobilers explosives or backcountry skiers overload the snowpack Capacitor formerly known as condenser t is a p
142. romote waste management literacy Millions of automobile are on the road every day Toxic exhaust gas fumes may lead to respiratory disease and even death Heat produced may cause skin irritation and respiratory allergy and other by products of automotive wastes can cause physical mental and financial stress An inventory of waste materials and substance that can be found in the workshop will be of great help in finding out their condition Managing the hazardous waste materials and substance is a great contribution to the nation s economy Health and safety are preserved Injury is lessened and harmful effect to environment is reduced if not totally removed AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 170 MATERIALS SUBSTANCE IN THE WORKSHOP Oon Remarks Materials Substance 1 2 Unused Used A TOXIC Materials Liver kidney cancer a l illness lung irritation a ee B FLAMMABLE Materials Explosive volatile ee combustible burns foul odor lethal a ee ee ee a a C CORROSIVE Materials Skin irritation foul ee odor allergy e Anti rust spray e Moist and rusty metals e Turco or Metal conditioner D REACTIVE Materials Burns toxic fumes explosive skin e Soldering paste AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 171 How Much Have You Learned Self Check 3 1 ye Directions Fill in the blank space by selecting the correct answer Use your Activity Noteb
143. rritation and allergy Respirator or dust mask is also recommended to protect the respiratory system from inhalation of hazardous fumes Fumes coming from chemicals can dry the eyes That is why goggles is recommended in relieving the eyes from eye irritation dryness and accidental splash of cleaning products All protection must be done when using automotive cleaners to avoid risk of severe injury Hand gloves Respirator and dust mask Safety eye goggles AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 149 How Much Have You Learned Self Check 1 1 Lm I Directions Write the correct answer on the space provided in the statement Use your Activity notebook in answering the statement 1 The workshop policy applies to all A workshops C work plan B work spaces D work habit 2 Workshop policy includes shop l A forum C safety B recording D shopping 3 Workshop policy on service procedures must be strictly A delayed C followed B disallowed D tried 4 Always wear clothing and personal equipment in any situation when necessary A protective C impressive B deductive D inductive 5 Workers should never work on any other orders unless given to them by the A chairman C person in charge B co worker D supervisor ll Directions Select the best answer Write the letter only 1 Greasy and slippery tools must be A kept clean and free of dust and oil or grease B kept covered C used with gloves D w
144. s A habits C venture B vending D ventilation 4 Goggles head bonnet and dust musk are good implements for protection A lower body C upper body B middle body D whole body 5 When working in the shop it is good personal protection to work in area A well built C well scented B well loved D well ventilated ll Directions Match Column A with Column B Write the letter of the correct answer Use your Activity notebook These are the ones that need sustainable training in the shop peopleware and workshop environment Management of workshop facilities like the tools materials Standardizing equipment machineries including facilities like furniture lighting water and furniture Hardware ENRI Maintaining a continuous and consistent implementation of doing the 5S Sustaining Having uniform procedures of work or placement of things in proper place setting in order Making things easy to see easy to get and easy to return Refer to the Answer Key What is your score AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 163 l Directions With available personal protective gears practice to use the following Upper body protection e Safety goggles eye goggles welding mask e Head gears e Dust mask Middle body protection e Aprons e Hand gloves Lowe body protection e Safety shoes e Coveralls AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 164
145. s b assembling gt measuring tools B Refer to the Answer Refer to the Answer Key What is your score What is your score AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 13 How Do You Apply What You Have Learned Directions Given are the following factors to consider when planning and preparing for the tasksto be undertaken Make a plan on how tasks are prepared by placing the following factors in thechart A Factors to consider 1 Place lighting ventilation space of work 2 Materials fixtures bench work manual of specifications 3 Waste disposal trash bin 4 Tools and equipment cabinet tools shelf 5 Safety 7 Emergency kit fire extinguishers safety signs and symbols SERVICE SHOP B Demonstrate one of the service procedures tasks Service Procedure Tasks AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 14 LEARNING OUTCOME 2 Prepare and use hand tools PERFORMANCE STANDARDS e Appropriate hand tools are checked for proper operation and safety e Unsafe or faulty tools are identified e All tools are marked for repair according to standard company procedures Materials Dr S e Brush e Pliers Combination e Allen e Scraper e Crimping e Flat e Wiping cloth e Splicer e Offset e Chisel e Cutting e Phillips e Hacksaw e Long nose e Stubby e Electric drills e Vise grip e Center punch e Hole saw e
146. s a puzzle interconnected with one another List down names of automotive waste materials substance and their effects to human and environment Use your Activity Notebook in answering the activity FLAMMABLE Congratulations You did a great job Rest and relax a while then move on to the next lesson Good luck AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 175 REFERENCES LO1 e Swing Crispin Frederic Dictionary of Technical TermsThe Bruce Publishing Co 1948 e Chilton s Easy Car Care Chilton Book Company 3 Ed Chilton Way Radnor PA 19089 e Stockel Martin W Auto mechanics Fundamentals The Goodheart Willcox Company Inc 1978 e The Oxford Dictionary of Current English New Revised Ed Oxford University Press 1998 e Popular Mechanics Guide To Auto Basic Repair and Maintenance Book Division The Hearst Corporation New York NY e www google com ph e en wikipedia org LO 2 e Swing Crispin Frederic Dictionary of Technical TermsThe Bruce Publishing Co 1948 e Chilton s Easy Car Care Chilton Book Company 3 Ed Chilton Way Radnor PA 19089 e Stockel Martin W Auto mechanics Fundamentals The Goodheart Willcox Company Inc 1978 e The Oxford Dictionary of Current English New Revised Ed Oxford University Press 1998 e Popular Mechanics Guide To Auto Basic Repair and Maintenance Book Division The Hearst Corporation New York NY LO 3 e Swing Crispin Frederic Dictionary of Technical Te
147. se of excessive stimulation or prolonged exertion Fumes vapor gas or smoke especially if irritating harmful or strong Glare to express by staring angrily Glazing also less commonly used to describe the insertion of ophthalmic lenses into an eyeglass frame Hazardous fumes to expose to the action of fumes to treat with vapors smoke etc as to bleachstraw by fuming it with sulfur to fill with fumes vapors odors etc as a room She fumed the temple with an odorousflame Hazards a term used to describe something that has the potential to cause harm Hierarchy a series in which each element is graded or ranked Hydrazine also called diazane It is an inorganic compound with the formula NoH It is a colorless flammable liquid with an ammonia like odor Hydrazine is used within both nuclear and conventional electrical power plant steam cycles to control concentrations of dissolved oxygen in an effort to reduce corrosion Illness sometimes referred to as ill health or ailment It is a state of poor health Illness is sometimes considered another word for disease Isolating to set apart a component circuit or system from a source of electricity or to set apart or cut off from others AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 178 Jeopardy in a situation in which someone or something is exposed to possible injury loss or in danger Jerky movement a condition which is associated with unintent
148. separate container or trash bin for disposable materials is a habit A bad C not so bad B good D not so good 5 Problems on waste materials can be solved if proper attention information dissemination training and is adequately provided in the workplace A compliance C observation B hearing D styling 6 The harmful effect of waste materials is so huge that it even affects our A earth C ocean B environment D space 7 Used oil is a good example of waste material A air compressor C soap B lubricating D tool 8 material can immediately change the composition of an object A flammable C reactive B toxic D corrosive 9 Toxic material is A allergen C irritating B comforting D lethal AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 168 10 An inventory of waste materials and substance that can be found in the workshop will be of great help in finding out their A condition C serviceability B purpose D type eo What Do You Need To Know Read the Information Sheet 3 1 very well then find out how much you can remember and how much you learned by doing Self check 3 1 Information Sheet 3 1 i WASTE MANAGEMENT Industrial waste materials are a great concern of environmentalists Their harmful effect is so huge that it even affects our environment and climate This is due to improper management of waste materials such as cleaning chemicals used in automotive like solvent used lubricating and
149. sessment and Risk Control http www education vic gov au safe work modules general risks as Hazard and Risk Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and safety http www ccohs ca oshanswers hsprograms hazard risk html Hazard Wikipedia http www ccohs ca oshanswers hsprograms hazard risk html AEF Companies Crane Safety and Preventive Measures http www aefcompanies com safety htm PROTECT YOUR HEARING IMPACT CiLhttp impact books officelive com ProtectYourHearing aspx Your health and safety at work YOUR BODY AT WORK International Labour Organization http actrav itcilo org actrav english telearn osh body bmain htm INTERNATIONAL LABOR ORGANIZATION http actrav itcilo org actrav english telearn osh legis lemain htm The Legal informant http johnhodgkinson wordpress com 2010 10 20 ohs record keepin Swing Crispin Frederic Dictionary of Technical TermsThe Bruce Publishing Co 1948 Chilton s Easy Car Care Chilton Book Company 3 Ed Chilton Way Radnor PA 19089 Stockel Martin W Auto mechanics Fundamentals The Goodheart Willcox Company Inc 1978 The Oxford Dictionary of Current English New Revised Ed Oxford University Press 1998 Popular Mechanics Guide To Auto Basic Repair and Maintenance Book Division The Hearst Corporation New York NY AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 230 REFERENCES Workplace hazards and risks http jessicawebber hubpages com hub Hazards an
150. sson you are expected to do the following LO 1 select measuring instruments andcarty out measurements and calculations and LO 2 maintain measuring instruments AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 52 re Definition of Terms Accuracy the preciseness of result as in mathematical solution which is free from error Calculation a process of working out the answer by solving mathematical problems Compression pressure gauge an instrument for checking the compression pressure of the engine Maintain ensure that something continues to work properly by checking it regularly and making repairs and adjustments if required Maintenance the periodic upkeep something such as tools equipment or workplace in a regular basis Measuring an activity or task of getting the amount size or quantity of a certain thing or stock parts Oil pressure gauge an instrument that indicates the flow of oil pressure in the engine Safety the freedom from danger or risk Standard procedure an established prescribed way of doing a task or series of action Techniques course of action of skill used in specific task Tolerance the ability of parts or components to endure deviation from standard limit within which it is allowed without harmful effect V O M tester an instrument used in checking the resistance voltage and current AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 53 LEARNING OUTCOME 1 Selec
151. sswalk If there is no crosswalk stop at the edge of the sidewalk If there is no sidewalk stop at the edge of the intersection Wait until the way is clear before entering the intersection STOP SIGN PRIORITY Priority on the traffic flow on the black arrow direction ON which gives them the right of way While in red arrow ONCOMING direction must yield PRIORITY Priority on the traffic flow on the white arrow direction FOR which has the privilege of the right of way than in red ONCOMING arrow direction Information Facilities or Service Signs are signs that use white symbol on blue or green rectangular background PARKING PORT HOSPITAL HOME ZONE For complete information on traffic signs please follow the link to Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals at Wikipedia AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 95 How Much Have You Learned Self Check 1 2 ye A 5 IDENTIFICATION Identify the symbol and write your answer on the space provided CLASSIFICATION Put a check on the correct classification of the symbols given o D O Regulatory Regulatory Regulatory Regulatory Regulatory Warning Warning Warning Warning Warning Refer to the Answer Key What is your score AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education Information Information Information In
152. stics bottles cans must not be mixed in one container for easy disposal and segregation 2 Have a separate container for used and unused materials and substance Used oil must not be disposed in the drainage Doing so will harm the eco system This will endanger the lives of water life soecies and plant life This must be stored in a container with proper label Unused oil and other chemical materials must be properly labeled and covered to avoid escape of fumes that may cause instant fire In the United States the Environment Protection Agency EPA is very strict in implementing protection against careless and improper use and disposal of hazardous waste products Breaking this law may lead to prosecution 3 Have an appropriate amount _ofuse of chemical materials or substance Many unused chemical materials and substance are due to overfill That is why the excess chemicals cannot be returned back to its container especially if already mixed with other chemicals and cannot be stored for a period of time This overfill when stored and dried tend to form into another composition and thereby unsafe to use Disposal of this kind is a problem EFFECTS OF AUTOMOTIVE WASTE TO MEN AND ITS ENVIRONMENT The effects of hazardous waste materials to human and environment in inconceivable Just imagine the amount spent by the government in services for managing this problem Aside from this the audio and print media release they have paid just to p
153. t bawdte dust nichoroeinylene GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT asbestos KIDNEYS AND BLADDER niirosamines benzidene dyes welding imes betanaphihylamine lead coke oven emissions MErcCHY BONES lead AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 202 B EFFECT OF HAZARD ON WORKER AND EMPLOYER How much does an occupational disease or accident cost Worker Employer the pain and suffering of the injury or illness the loss of income the possible loss of a job Health care costs payment for work not performed medical and compensation payments repair or replacement of damaged machinery and equipment reduction or a temporary halt in production increased training expenses and administration costs possible reduction in the quality of work negative effect on morale in other workers can be four to ten times greater than the direct costs or even more human suffering caused to workers families which cannot be compensated with money the injured ill worker has to be replaced a new worker has to be trained and given time to adjust it takes time before the new worker is producing at the rate of the original worker time must be devoted to obligatory investigations to the writing of reports and filling out of forms accidents often arouse the concern of fellow workers and influence labour relations in a negative way poor health and safety conditions in the workplace can also result in p
154. t industrial shop Introduce yourself as automotive servicing student Interview a worker on the following 1 The effects of hazardous substance in health and environment 2 The importance of safety in the workplace 3 Discuss your findings in the class AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 194 LEARNING OUTCOME 2 Evaluate hazards and risks PERFORMANCE STANDARDS e Effects of hazards are determined e OHS ECC issues and concerns are identified in accordance with workplace requirements and legislation e OHS procedures for controlling hazards and risk are strictly followed e OHS personal records are filled up in accordance with workplace requirements 5 Design of facilities fixture to human facility is recognized L Materials Dr Wee e Picture of effects of hazards e Picture of different hand movements AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 195 What Do You Already Know Let us determine how much you already know about evaluating hazards and risks Take this test Pretest LO 2 fa Directions Write the letter of the correct answer on the space provided Use your Activity Notebook for your answers 1 What is the health problem when a person s ability to control the demands of works is threatened A heart disease B stress C musculoskeletal disorder D allergies 2 What is the health problem when a worker tries to overcome an existing workload
155. t measuring instrument and carry out measurement and calculations PERFORMANCE STANDARDS Object or component to be measured is identified Correct specifications are obtained from relevant source Appropriate measuring instrument is selected in line with job requitement Calculations needed to complete work task are performed and checked using the fundamental operation of mathematics Materials Vernier Caliper Micrometer caliper Dial gauge V O M tester Clamp ammeter Multi tester Megger Tester Engine Analyzer Timing Strobe light Vacuum gauge Compression gauge Radiator pressure tester Fuel pump pressure tester Oil pressure gauge Temperature gauge AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 54 What Do You Already Know Let us determine how much you already know about selecting measuring instrument Take this test Pretest LO 1 ye Directions To determine your prior learning answer the questions by writing the letter of the best answer 1 Measurement can be applied by means of A driving tool C measuring tool B marking tool D punching tool 2 Precision measuring instruments cannot be squarely compared to the one used for jobs A electrical C mechanical B hit and miss D pneumatic 3 In getting the bearing diameter or shim thickness using tool is much better A divider caliper C steel rule B inside caliper D vernier caliper 4 Parts that need to be serviced
156. ted tip on its end It is used for marking fine lines on metal for layout work 3 Pencil is a thin strip of graphite enclosed in a wooden case and used for making drawings and marking lines Center punch Scriber Pencil Vil MEASURING TOOLS 1 Torque wrench is a special service tool for measuring the twisting force applied when tightening bolts and nuts 2 Steel rule is a measuring strip of steel available in various lengths in metric and English system It is available in 12 24 36 and 48 inches size It is used in linear measurement of short length or height 3 Caliper is a tool used in measuring the diameter of a circular work The Inside caliper is used in measuring the inside diameter whereas the outside caliper is used in measuring the outside diameter of an object The caliper is adjustable The Vernier caliper is a good example that is capable to measure both the inside and outside diameter of an object with accuracy It can also measure the thickness and thinness in thousandths of an inch 4 Metal tape measure is a push and pull long strip of thin sheet of metal with corresponding increments in millimeter and inches graduation It is used for measuring stock and can be bought in different sizes of length 5 Feeler gauge is a thin strip of metal with different thickness used to measure or set gap and clearance between parts of mechanism Steel rule Vernier Caliper Steel tape measure Feeler gauge AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 T
157. that accident is not an excusable incident It can be avoided Always remember the motto Safety first DANG CARBON MONOXIDE 6 SERVICE PROCEDURE TASK Identify what task to perform before identifying materials and tools to use The service procedure task to employ will tell you the corresponding tools and materials needed Appropriate tools to use with the task will enhance your ability to provide a competitive and efficient service Cleaning Measuring Repairing AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 11 The following service procedure tasks will help you identify and select tools required when performing a job SERVICE PROCEDURE TASKS TOOLS NEEDED S Cutting tools g Loosening and tightening tools d Inspecting Measuring tools Measuring Loosening and tightening tools Marking tools Measuring tools e Assembling e Installing Cleaning tools Loosening and tightening tools Marking tools Disassembling Removing Cleaning tools Reconditioning Loosening and tightening tools Repairing Marking tools Measuring tools Loosening and tightening tools AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 12 How Much Have You Learned Self Check 1 1 ye Directions Match the pictures in Column A with the corresponding tasks in column B and thetools to be used in Column C Write your best answer on the space provided 4 measurin A loosening and tightening tool
158. the gradation lines are not readable Safety requirements of hand tools Hand tools come in different sizes shapes weights brands and designs These characteristics of hand tools are very important because they give us technical data about their production These technical data will enable us to know the capacity of tools if subjected to the degree of use The standard requirements of tools for use and safety are very important on the part of the buyer as well as the user Without them they have no bearing at all if not assured with safety features Tools are engineered and designed to numerous sequence of events when used within the normal working range To use a tool appropriately know its safety requirements to be guided accordingly when you purchase one Tools produced in the industry must pass the Work Equipment Law In this law procedures on the extent fitness correctness and usability of tools and equipment are provided in accordance with specified task This ensures safety standards before tools are released in the market The following are some of the information you need to know about the safety requirements of hand tools 1 Technical data This will give information about the manufacturer s specifications of the tools produced The size weight production code number and the brand are usually marked on the body of the item Pictures of tools with technical data on the surface AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and
159. tion systems ventilation or appropriate PPE It may be possible to weld out of doors in good weather at times risk controls will be needed to prevent exposing the welder and other workers to risk e Slips Trips and Falls A slip or fall can cause injury to the arms legs back neck or head Neck and head injuries can cause damage to the spinal cord and nervous system Many employees have suffered permanent disabling injuries as a result of a fall a Poor housekeeping in the automotive industry leads _ it s everyon to slips trips and falls Engine parts air lines and hoses left fbil on the workshop floor can all result in preventable accidents responsibil Metal bins should be provided for waste disposal These s should not be allowed to overflow AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 187 e Confined Spaces some automotive workshops have pits to enable work to be done if a hoist is not available The vehicle is driven over the pit and the mechanic works from beneath This work should never be done by someone working alone a second person should be on hand outside the pit to monitor the work and to provide assistance Because carbon monoxide from the vehicle exhaust is heavier than air the fumes may build up in the confined space under the vehicle These fumes need not be only from the vehicle being worked on if other engines are running nearby there is still a significant risk
160. trical wire Maintenance of tools entails cleaning and doing simple repair in order to prolong their use To give you an idea of what an inventory requisition and account of tools are a basic sample of forms are given AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 39 Form 1 IT Form SAMPLE INVENTORY OF TOOLS Cure Description Quantity of Fund ee wrench mm drop forged p Box wrench in drop forged Sakura 1 set 12 pcs gt Japan Screwdriver flat hardened steel lane Heo ii i Screwdriver Phillips hardened Hammer ball peen 16 oz high This is to certify that inventory of tools have been made on April 25 2011 Prepared and Submitted by Property Supply Officer Conferred Department Head CERTIFIED TRUE AND CORRECT Principal AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 40 Form 2 ATC SAMPLE ACCOUNT OF TOOL CONDITION Remarks Condition Source of Fund Description Good Defective Condemnable National Open wrench mm drop forged Sakura Japan Box wrench in drop forged Sakura Japan Screwdriver flat hardened steel Stanley U S A oe Screwdriver Phillips hardened steel Stanley U S A Hammer ball peen 16 oz high grade steel Proto U S A This is to certify that inventory of tools have been made on April 25 2011 Prepared and Submitted by Property Supply Officer Conferred Department Head CERTIFIED TRUE AND CORR
161. ttain your purpose Many successful automotive entrepreneurs have realized their success through proper and careful planning Likewise aside from planning you should also give importance to preparation Good preparation will boost your confidence because it means that you are ready to do the task because you have sufficient knowledge about it The following are some factors to be considered when you plan and prepare for the tasks 1 PLACE See to it that the place for doing the task is conducive to work well ventilated clean and has good lighting A space provided for freedom to move is important A place chosen will give you idea on what task is to be done 2 MATERIALS Be sure that aside from tools and equipment necessary materials and fixtures to be used such as bench work and manual of specifications must be available and ready for use 3 WASTE DISPOSAL Used parts or compound substance such as oil grease and used chemical bottles must be disposed in proper storage bin or container Non disposal of used chemical substance invites hazard to environment and poses danger to health AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 10 equipment must match with the task to be done You should be careful enough to choose tools and equipment that are worthy of use They must be in good condition so that it can be easily utilized without damaging the parts 5 SAFETY Always prioritize safety Remember
162. unclear questionable Evidence of Demonstrated a Demonstrated a good Inadequate and understanding clear and complete understanding of the incomplete information understanding of information indicating poor information understanding Variety of Have wide variety of Have a few variety of Have little or no variety information information with few information with some of information with lots of repetitions repetitions repetitions Rating Scale 9 12 Better 5 8 Good 1 4 Needs Improvement WHAT IS YOUR SCORE AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 98 How Do You Extend Your Learning Directions Move around your nearest barangay Observe the visibility of traffic signs and symbols in the community Report your findings in the class feo What Do You Need To Know Read Information Sheet 4 1 very well then find out how much you can remember and how much you learned by doing the Self check 4 1 Information Sheet 1 3 i DASHBOARD SYMBOLS The dashboard particularly the instrument panel represents the easiest way a vehicle talks back to its driver allowing him to stay up to date with the status of the car and provide him with prior notice on potential mechanical problems Common Dashboard symbols and meaning It is turned on every time there s something wrong with the Anti lock Brake System Note that the ABS symbol is activated once the driver starts the engine b
163. urdens on society WMSDs arise from ordinary arm and hand movements such as bending straightening gripping holding twisting clenching and reaching These common movements are not particularly harmful in the ordinary activities of daily life What makes them hazardous in work situations is the continual repetition often in a forceful manner and most of all the speed of the movements and the lack of time for recovery between them WMSDs are associated with work patterns that include e Fixed or constrained body positions e Continual repetition of movements e Force concentrated on small parts of the body such as the hand or wrist e A pace of work that does not allow sufficient recovery between movements Generally none of these factors acts separately to cause WMSD WMSDs commonly occur as a result of a combination and interaction among them Heat cold and vibration also contribute to the development of WMSD Poor layout of the workstation and improper selection of equipment and tools can lead to these hazardous body movements 0 gaoa 0000 0000 0 OOo gom Hazardous movements of the hand ANG Areas of Pain wrist and palm Body Movement e repetitive horizontal or vertical movements of the wrist to the extreme ranges e moving fingers while the wrist is in an extreme position AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 200 Exerting force while extending forearm Areas of Pain elbow Body Moveme
164. used to cut or drive outa bolt or lock needle pin out of a hole Starting punch is a punch with tapered portion used for initially starting a pin or rivet removal After initially starting the pin the drift punch or pin punch is used to complete the job of removing the pin A hole punch is used in cutting a paper gasket in making holes LOOSENING AND TIGHTENING TOOLS 1 Wrenches are tools for loosening and tightening of bolts and nuts It comes in different forms and number in Metric or in English sizes 1 1 Allen wrench is used in a type of screw bolt with a hexagonal hole on the head 1 2 Box end wrench is an enclosed end tool used for moderate application for loosening and tightening bolts and nuts 1 3 Combination wrench is a tool with an open end on one side and box end on the opposite side It has the same size on both ends and used in loosening and tightening bolts and nuts 1 4 Oil filter wrench is a circular shaped steel with internal tooth and handle It is inserted to the oil filter body tightened as it is turned for removal 1 5 Open end wrench is a tool with open end used for light application in loosening and tightening bolts and nuts 1 6 Socket wrench is a tubular like tool with an enclosed end used for heavy application for loosening and tightening bolts and nuts 1 7 Spark plug wrench is a socket like wrench intended for removing and installing spark plugs 1 8 Tire wrench is a cross like or sometimes L shaped piece of round
165. ut color Plan is used to communicate fabrication instruction A diagram is a simple drawing which uses a symbolic presentation of information according to some visualization technique In automotive servicing a graph based diagram is commonly utilized in expressing information such as schematic pictorial semi schematic and a layout diagram PICTORIAL O1AGR AM or cmcuit KO i 4 VOLTMETER f ia VOLTS Common schematic diagrams 2 SCHEMATIC OF GINGUIT 1 A pictorial diagram uses simple images of components 2 A schematic diagram uses simplified standard symbols 3 A semi schematic diagram combines some of the standard symbols with other elements displayed as simple images AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 111 Observe that all lamps use standard symbols except the head light sealed beam which WVYHSOVIC DNIYIM TY lHL9FJ 13 OLNY Woo yaNvay NOILINSI p N 9 youngssia A O LINA ANYI SVI YOiyyYy3NJ9 Z j OLV I1NSsaY SDVLIOA IN3JYYNI B A cr HIUS NOLINE NHOH yo1oa as Loo b Fi Fi el WVYOVIC 9NIYIM u ys Ya LIWAY HOLIMS LHON eet ps USES an image Spark plugs are displayed as images 9 LY O S 5 O S O 2 LY u lt Q S 5 bass u nN O T O 5 NN CS S D AUTOMOTIVE 112 K to 12 Technology a
166. ut it s ABS warning light automatically turned off after a few seconds AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 99 This panel is switched on if the fuel level gets very low and refuel is required Low fuel notification The symbol appears and remains active as long as the engine is started and the seat belt remains unfastened depending on the car manufacturer and car model the seat belt reminder is combined with an audio notification Seat belt reminder The notification is powered on if the ECU detects a problem to the brake system Brake system alert The warning is turned on in case of low tire pressure which could raise the fuel consumption or affect the grip Tire pressure monitor The light monitors the front airbag and in case it is turned on signals a problem with it it usually requires professional assistance Front airbag lt is activated and remains on once the driver turns on the fog beams Fog beams indicator If this light is turned on while driving it reveals a malfunction concerning the battery charging system Battery warning The notification is activated once the driver pushes the emergency button Emergency indicator If on this light shows that the power train has been damaged and the car needs to be serviced as soon as possible Power train malfunction AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 100 Open doors indicator Temperature warning l
167. velop detailed regulations Regulations are fully supported by law so employers are required to comply with them just like the overall act which they accompany Codes of practice Codes of practice provide general guidance to employers and workers on how to comply with the minimum standards and objectives that are detailed in the regulations AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 204 Guides Guides or notes of guidance provide official detailed technical information and recommendations to help employers comply with health and safety regulations Guides provide practical how to information for getting into compliance THE OHS RECORDS It s not good enough just to comply with OHS laws employers must be in a position to prove that they comply The following are the list of records which might help the employer to provide safe systems of work and safe worksite 1 Operating manuals and maintenance records for plants and equipments 2 Risk assessments and hazard identification processes 3 Records of instruction and training of managers supervisors employees and contractors about their obligations to take reasonable care of themselves and others 4 Records of induction and regular refreshers courses for managers Supervisors employees and contractors 5 Emergency response manuals allocating responsibility for incident notification management legal advice and stakeholder relations ERGONOMIC DESIGN
168. ws the safety practices with at least 1 2 safety measures not met Outstanding Very Good Fair Needs Improvement Performs the task with competence but below standard performance Performs the task with at least 3 5 errors Performs the task with at least 3 5 steps not met Follows the safety practices with at least 3 5 safety measures not met Points Earned S Numerical Rating PL Descriptive Rating Good How Do You Extend Your Learning 1 Surf internet and watch video on how tools are used cleaned and maintained pa AUTOMOTIVE T i aa Congratulations You did a great job Rest and relax a while then move on to the next lesson Good luck K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 50 REFERENCES Swing Crispin Frederic Dictionary of Technical Terms The Bruce Publishing Co 1948 Chilton s Easy Car Care Chilton Book Company 3 Ed Chilton Way Radnor PA 19089 Stockel Martin W Auto mechanics Fundamentals The Goodheart Willcox Company Inc 1978 The Oxford Dictionary of Current English New Revised Ed Oxford University Press 1998 e Popular Mechanics Guide To Auto Basic Repair and Maintenance Book Division The Hearst Corporation New York NY e www google com ph e en wikipedia org AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 51 Perform Mensuration and Calculations LEARNING OUTCOMES At the end of this Le
169. y Know Determine how much you already know about storing arranging tools and shop equipment Take this test Pretest LO 2 ye Directions Write the letter of the best answer to complete the statement 1 To some degree personal safety in the workshop is not only confined to the use of tools materials and equipment but to l A her C others B him D self 2 When working in the shop it is a good personal protection to work in area A well built C well scented B well loved D well ventilated 3 Goggles head bonnet and dust musk are good implements for protection A lower body C upper body B middle body D whole body 4 Personal safety includes values and awareness A habits C venture B vending D ventilation 5 When personal safety is the issue it is basic to human instinct to oneself A prevent C promote B produce D protect 6 High grade rubber protects the hands from paint solvent and electrical shock A belt C gloves B band D tire 7 The nose and face should be protected with A face lift C face powder B face mask D scar face 8 and symbols must be clearly written and properly identified A signs C stickers B insignia D posters 9 International standard labeled signs are black with red surround shape A cymbals C sandals B samples D symbols 10 When working must come first before anything else A personality C personal safety B personal attributes D personal share AUTOMOTIVE
170. y is on and the seat belt warnig does no lit up even though not fastened correctly Tire pressure monitor lit up AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 103 Charging system is normal and functional Charging system needs repair Ignition system is malfunctioning Ignition system is normal and functional The engine will last long The engine is overheating Transmission gear oil is too low This could lead to damaging wear and tear of the engine bearing Left turn or right turn lever jammed Emergency button has been activated Turn signal experiencing short circuit It s a parking light Driver is not on the steering wheel Hand brake is activated The engine has not started yet It will lit uo when fastened correctly The tire is over pressurized The tire is under pressure All of the above None of the above Refer to the Answer Key What is your score How Do You Apply What You Have Learned Show that you have learned something by doing this activity GIVE ME A SIGN Where else are the warning signs Have you seen all warning signs inside your shop Can you now identify road signs and their meanings Here are some more signs and symbols to learn Never drive if you don t know these you might get into a trouble Service mechanic should know these signs and symbols very well these help a lot in diagnosing a problem Are you ready to meet your new set of signs and sy
171. zed with the emergency equipments location and how to use it Indicate where certain actions are prohibited Certain actions are restricted in some equipment because of very high potential to cause injury AUTOMOTIVE K to 12 Technology and Livelihood Education 85 Basic Sign Categories Regulatory signs are symbols in circle intended to instruct on what one must do or not do under a given circumstance It is also used to reinforce laws regulations or requirements which apply either at all times or at specific times or places Ignoring these signs may result to a violation of existing law or regulation Prohibition Safety signs with a black symbol with a white background inside a red circle with a red diagonal line across the circle Used to state actions dress or machinery which must not or should be used Mandatory Safety signs with a white symbol in a blue circle Indicate actions dress or precautions which must be used Implementing agency may apply penalties when regulatory signs are disregarded Warning Used to warn the public of a hazard or mark a hazardous site or area Also of actions or potential situations which could lead to danger Caution Indicates a potential hazard which is a low level risk that could lead to minor or moderate injury Black on yellow Danger Indicates a definite hazard which is a high level risk DANGER gt that could result in death or serious injury White on red __

AUTOMOTIVE SERVICING - DepED

Contents

Download Pdf Manuals

Related Search

Related Contents