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RADCAT 2.3 User Guide.

1. Stop Tabaco subo Stop D EABBAEE eni u uie aa nd Handling Tab eb e d eb ee etra crede de Qui Accident Probability Tab si oae t t e de te e tar FRE Accident Deposition Velocity Tab Accident Release Tab uet t e REOR NAR ER NR E ae te Re ACCIdenp Xerosol s is etta Accident Respirable Lab oes tese e che E AE Accident Isopleth o M RE RE RO Ra eee d RN Accident Weather Tab with User Defined Dispersion Option Accident Weather Tab with National Average Weather Option Accident Weather Tab with Pasquill Option Accident Weather Tab with User Defined Option Parameters Tab with Highway Mode 00 000 Parameters Tab with Mode Parameters Tab with Barge Mode 0 2 Diagram for the On Link Dose on a Highway that Parallels a Rail Route saving d RADCAT input Tile etre e e ets Closing RADTRAN 1 3 List of Tables State By State Highway Speed Limits
2. 97 Na 22 Bone Surface Societal Dose Values Date CROP1 CROP2 CROP3 CROP4 CROP5 CROP6 CROP7 CROPS CROP9 1 7 50E 04 8 90E 04 8 90E 04 1 30E 03 8 10E 04 2 30 01 2 80E 01 6 20E 05 1 50E 03 61 7 90E 04 9 40E 04 9 40E 04 1 40E 03 8 50E 04 5 20E 01 6 20E 01 6 20E 05 1 50E 03 121 1 20 01 1 30E 01 1 70E 01 2 40E 01 1 40E 01 2 00E 00 2 30E 00 4 80E 04 1 20E 02 151 1 30E 01 1 40E 01 1 70E 01 2 50E 01 1 50 01 2 20E 00 2 60 00 5 20E 04 1 30E 02 181 1 30 01 1 50E 01 1 80E 01 2 60E 01 1 50E 01 2 00E 00 2 30E 00 5 40E 04 1 30E 02 201 1 30E 01 1 60E 01 1 80E 01 2 60E 01 1 50E 01 2 10E 00 2 50 00 5 70E 04 1 40E 02 241 1 30E 01 2 30E 01 1 80E 01 2 60E 01 1 50E 01 1 90E 00 2 30E 00 7 90E 04 1 90E 02 271 1 40 01 5 60E 01 1 80E 01 2 60E 01 1 50E 01 2 40E 00 2 90E 00 1 90E 03 4 60E 02 301 7 10E 04 8 40E 04 8 40E 04 1 20E 03 7 70E 04 1 40E 01 1 70 01 6 20E 05 1 50E 03 Julian Na 22 Thyroid Societal Dose Values Date CROP1 CROP2 CROP3 CROP4 CROP5 CROP6 CROP7 CROPS CROP9 1 3 40E 04 4 00E 04 4 00E 04 5 90E 04 3 70E 04 1 10E 01 1 30 01 2 80E 05 6
3. 72 Appendix B Dose Conversion Factors 4 85 Appendix C COMIDA Database toe rex Er ee RO eate daten 96 Appendix D Highway Vehicle Densities 104 _ 52 52 9 52 009 NN NNN WN N RR RRR Re QUUM Te CUM eo 20200 oS D cd UN Uv Ge List of Figures Proxy and Port E ERR REN EU RO ORE File Pull downo MSS o IPTE RA PERSA Mode Selec Ons ocup qud WEEK AS E KP Eu A MEDIIS Dill aD e edm Duet ood ete tm Package o trova teste at E eias Radionuclides Tab with Package pull down menu Radionuclides Tab with Physical Chemical Group pull adv mMenu Radionuclides Tab with User Defined Radionuclides window Vehicle Tab e as ee Vehicle Tab Comtinuled CoA New Mexico Truck Route secca e xo vae ned Cog NER RE S ond Florida Barg Route oss redet hau edP or Rep ae ub ped eda EH EUR jiener Link Tab Continued a up d essct rene ee rane ngu E ELEM HO ee WebTRAGIS RADTRAN Data Listing Text File Importing WebTRAGIS Search Window essere Imported WebTRAGIS RADTRAN Data Listing
4. Title Package Radionuclides Vehicle Link Stop Handling Accident Parameters Parameter Shielding Factor For rural residents Value 1 00 00 Shielding Factor For suburban residents 8 70E 01 Shielding Factor For urban residents 1 80 02 Fraction of outside air in urban buildings 5 00 02 Fraction of urban population occupying the sidewalk 4 80E 01 Fraction of urban population inside buildings 5 20E 01 Ratio of pedestrians km to residential population km 6 00 00 Minimum small package dimension For handling m 5 00 01 Distance from shipment For maximum exposure m 3 00 01 Vehicle speed For maximum exposure km hr 2 40 01 Imposed regulatory limit on vehicle external dose Yes Average breathing rate m sec 3 30E 04 Cleanup Level microcuries m 2 00 01 Interdiction Threshold 4 00 01 Evacuation time For groundshine days 1 00 00 Survey interval For groudshine days 1 00 01 Occupational latent cancer Fatalities person rem 4 00E 04 Public latent cancer Fatalities per person rem 5 00 04 Genetic effects per person rem public 1 00E 04 8 33E 02 1129 Rem per curie thyroid via inhalation RemjCi 1 27E06 Minimum number of rail classification stops 2 00 00 Distance dependent rail worker exposure Factor inspections km
5. Highway Truck Accidents Pasquill Wind Speeds For Each Stability Class This page left intentionally blank 1 WELCOME TO RADTRAN RADCAT RADTRAN is a nationally accepted standard program and code for calculating the risks of transporting radioactive materials The first versions of the program RADTRAN I and II were developed for NUREG 0170 USNRC 1977 the first environmental impact statement on transportation of radioactive materials RADTRAN and its associated software have undergone a number of improvements and advances consistent with improvements in computer technology The version of RADTRAN currently bundled with RADCAT is RADTRAN 5 6 2 DOWNLOADING AND CHECKING FOR THE LATEST VERSION The RADCAT RADTRAN package may be downloaded from https radtran sandia gov radcat On the web page click on click here and fill out the application You will be notified by email when you are approved When you are approved you can click on Download RADCAT You will be asked for your username Your username is the email address you listed in the application When you sign in you must download the Java Runtime Environment if it is not already on your computer To do this go to http www java com click on Java Software Download Download the Windows online installation You may want to download and read the instructions but it isn t absolutely necessary The download installs the
6. 39 For Stop 2 Min imum and Max imum Distance are different so that RADTRAN reads the number in the People or People km column as a population density persons km This population density must be calculated off line In the case of Stop 2 let us assume 10 people around the cargo in an annular ring with a shortest distance to the cargo of 1 m and a longest distance of 15 8 m the population density in this annular ring may be calculated as follows Inner radius 1 meter Outer radius 15 8 meters Area of annulus x 15 8 1 2 248 6 781m 7 81 x 10 km Population density in the annulus 10 7 81 x 107 1 3 x 10 people km Enter 1 meter for the Min imum Distance 15 8 meters for the Max imum Distance and then enter 1 3 x 10 for People or People km For Stop 3 the area surrounding the stop for which the population density is given on the Links screen or is otherwise known that population density may be entered directly into the stop model RADTRAN reads total population when the Min imum and Max imum Distance are the same and reads population density when the Min imum and Max imum Distance are different This is shown in Figure 18 in the People or People km columns Shielding Factor The Shielding Factor is the fraction of ionizing radiation to which the receptors are exposed that is the inverse of the amount of shielding This means that 1 no shielding and 0 100 shielding Enter a number b
7. v URBAN AREA m v TRIBAL LANDS a NEW MEXICO r Automatically Add Detail as Zoom RATIO Scale 1 2 312 151 106 2446653 32 3221051 MapTips X M 10 24 AM Help Client Software Parameters Figure 11 New Mexico Truck Route 26 5 WebTRAGIS Client Version 4 6 1 DEX Select Origin Destination Water Routing Parameters Block Nodes Links Route Listings Route Maps aee Show Route Save Route Clear Routes Generate Shape File v BARGE ROUTE v TRIBAL LAND m V URBAN AREA m FLORIDA r Automatically Add art Detail as Zoom lt g RATIO Scale 1 1 934 710 81 4223637 25 3682969 MapTips 10 20 Help Client Software Parameters Figure 12 Florida Barge Route Link Name Give each link a name in the left hand Link Name column A link name must be a continuous text string and must not contain any spaces Links do not need to be consecutive The user may divide the entire route into a rural link which includes all rural segments a suburban link which includes all suburban segments and an urban link which includes all urban segments Rush hour periods can also be separate links The designation of rural suburban or urban is defined by the resident population density along the route see Population Density This is shown in Figure 13 in the Populatio
8. Cs 137 includes the weighted contribution from the short half life of its Ba 137m daughter Inhalation DCFs were determined with Cs 137 only There is no information for Ba 137m Ce 144 includes the weighted contributions from the short half lives of its Pr 144 and Pr 144m daughters Inhalation DCFs were determined with Ce 144 and Pr 144 There 15 no information for Pr 144m Photon Effective Nuclide Half Life Energy Cloudshine Groundshine Inhalation Name days MeV rem m Ci sec rem m uCi day rem Ci H 3 WTR 4 51E 03 0 00E 00 1 22E 06 0 00E 00 6 66E 01 H 3 GAS 4 51E 03 0 00E 00 1 22E 06 0 00E 00 6 66E 03 Be 10 5 84E 08 0 00E 00 4 14 05 1 32 07 3 55 04 14 ORG 2 09E 06 0 00E 00 8 29 07 5 15 09 2 15 03 14 GAS 2 09E 06 0 00E 00 8 29 07 5 15 09 2 29 01 Na 22 9 49E 02 2 19E 00 4 00E 01 6 71E 04 4 81 03 32 1 43 01 0 00 00 3 66 04 9 30 07 1 26 04 5 35 8 74E 01 0 00E 00 8 99E 07 5 37E 09 5 18E 03 36 1 10 08 1 55 04 8 25 05 2 15E 07 2 70E 04 Ca 41 5 11E 07 4 19 04 0 00 00 0 00 00 3 52 02 45 1 63 02 4 35 08 3 19 06 1 47 08 9 99E 03 Sc 46 8 38E 01 2 01E 00 3 69E 01 6 17E 04 2 52E 04 Cr 51 2 77E 01 3 26E 02 5 59E 03 9 85E 06 1 18E 02 Mn 54 3 13E 02 8 35E 01 1 51E 01 2 60E 04 5 55E 03 Fe 55 9 86E 02 1 69E 03 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 1 41E 03 Co 57 2 71E 02 1 25E 01 2 08E 02 3 68E 05 2 04E 0
9. Nuclide Name for Ingestion Data Source COMIDA2 Names must match RTSINGEST BIN A Activity Limit Values Ci Source 10CFR71 Appendix A Revised 1 1 2004 A2 Activity Limit Values Ci Source 10CFR71 Appendix A Revised 1 1 2004 Inhalation values are based on 1 0 micron AMAD particle except for the following radionuclides Kr 85 Xe 133M and Xe 133 are gases H 3 WTR which is tritiated water H 3 GAS which is elemental hydrogen vapor C 14 ORG which is organic gases and vapors C 14 GAS which is carbon dioxide 85 The inhalation dose conversion factors use a 1 0 micron particle as a conservative value ICRP 66 uses a distribution from 1 to 5 microns and the occupational respirable size is 5 0 microns The upper limit for truly respirable particles is 10 0 microns ICRP 72 gives dose commitments to adult members of the public at age 20 that are assumed to live another 50 yrs dose conversion factors DCFs and photon energies are calculated for each individual radionuclide with the exception of the following radionuclides which have their progenies included Mo 99 includes the weighted contribution from the short half life of its Tc 99m daughter Ru 103 includes the weighted contribution from its short half life Rh 103m daughter Ru 106 includes the weighted contribution from the short half life of its Rh 106 daughter Inhalation DCFs were determined with Ru 106 only There is no information for Rh 106
10. 2 00E 02 301 3 00E 02 3 50E 02 3 50E 02 5 10E 02 3 20E 02 6 40E 02 7 60E 02 2 70E 01 6 60E 00 96 Julian Na 22 Gonad Societal Dose Values Date CROP1 CROP2 CROP3 CROP4 CROP5 CROP6 CROP7 CROPS CROP9 1 3 80E 04 4 50E 04 4 50 04 6 60 04 4 10 04 1 20E 01 1 40 01 3 20E 05 7 80E 04 61 4 00E 04 4 80E 04 4 70E 04 7 00E 04 4 30E 04 2 60E 01 3 20E 01 3 20E 05 7 80E 04 121 6 20E 02 6 80E 02 8 40E 02 1 20E 01 7 10E 02 9 90E 01 1 20E 00 2 40E 04 6 00E 03 151 6 70E 02 7 20E 02 8 80E 02 1 30E 01 7 40E 02 1 10E 00 1 30E 00 2 60E 04 6 50 03 181 6 80E 02 7 60E 02 8 90E 02 1 30E 01 7 50E 02 9 90E 01 1 20E 00 2 80E 04 6 80E 03 201 6 80E 02 8 10E 02 8 90E 02 1 30E 01 7 60E 02 1 00E 00 1 30E 00 2 90E 04 7 20E 03 241 6 80E 02 1 20E 01 8 90E 02 1 30E 01 7 60E 02 9 80E 01 1 20 00 4 00E 04 9 90E 03 271 6 90E 02 2 80E 01 9 00E 02 1 30E 01 7 70 02 1 20E 00 1 50E 00 9 50E 04 2 30E 02 301 3 60E 04 4 30E 04 4 30E 04 6 30E 04 3 90E 04 7 30E 02 8 80E 02 3 10E 05 7 80E 04 Julian Na 22 Breast Societal Dose Values Date CROP1
11. These vehicle densities underestimate current average traffic density on interstate highways and may overestimate traffic density on other highways 31 Rail vehicle densities are e rural vehicle hr e suburban 5 vehicles hr e urban 5 vehicles hr Persons per Vehicle Vehicle Occupancy Enter the average persons per vehicle for the route This is shown in Figure 13 in the Persons per Vehicle column For highway transportation this is usually 1 5 or 2 persons per vehicle For rail since most rail transportation is freight the number is usually 3 the train crew If passenger trains share the route the average vehicle occupancy can be estimated The vehicle density and the vehicle occupancy are important parameters in determining the on link incident free dose from transportation of radioactive materials Accident Rate Enter the vehicle accident rate for each route segment in accidents per vehicle km This is shown in Figure 14 in the Accident Rate accidents veh km column Accident rates are usually reported by state and type of road or rail Useful references for accident rates are e Saricks C L and Tompkins M M 1999 State Level Accident Rates of Surface Freight Transportation A Reexamination ANL ESD TM 150 Argonne Illinois Argonne National Laboratory e The Bureau of Transportation Statistics web site http www bts gov Table 2 shows state by state accident rates averaged for the years 2002 2005 from the n
12. 08 TOTAL 1 76 08 EOI END OF RUN SUCCESSFUL COMPLETION Figure 36 End of RADTRAN output 8 REFERENCES Chanin D and W B Murfin 1996 Site Restoration Estimation of Attributable Costs from Plutonium Dispersal Accidents SAND96 0957 Sandia National Laboratories Albuquerque NM DOE U S Department of Energy 2002 Radiation Risk Estimation from Total Effective Dose Equivalents Memorandum from A Lawrence Office of Environmental Policy and Guidance Washington D C Englemann R J 1990 Effectiveness of Sheltering in Buildings and Vehicles for Plutonium DOE EH 0159T U S Department of Energy Washington DC 69 EPA Environmental Protection Agency 1977 Proposed Guidance on Dose Limits for persons Exposed to Transuranic Elements in the General Environment EPA 520 4 77 016 U S Environmental Protection Agency Washington DC Finley N et al 1980 Transportation of Radionuclides in Urban Environs Draft Environmental Assessment NUREG CR 0743 Nuclear Regulatory Commission Washington DC Finley N J D McClure and P C Reardon 1988 Analysis of the Risks and Consequences of Accidents Involving Shipments of Multiple Type A Radioactive Material Packages SAND88 1915 Sandia National Laboratories Albuquerque NM ICRP International Commission on Radiological Protection 1991 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection Publication 6
13. 1 80E 03 Dedicated trains Distance of rail vehicle carrying radioactive cargo to pedestrians m 3 00 01 Distance of vehicle carrying radioactive cargo to right of way edge m 3 00 01 Distance of vehicle carrying radioactive cargo to maximum exposure distance m 8 00 02 Perpendicular distance to rail vehicle vehicle going in opposite direction m 3 00 00 Figure 32 Parameters Tab with Rail Mode Distance dependent rail worker exposure factor per km This parameter applies to rail mode only It is used to calculate the component of rail worker dose that depends on distance traveled e g exposure related to stops between the shipment origin and destination The standard default value of 0 0018 inspections km is taken from Ostmeyer 1986 The 30 hour collective railyard worker dose is multiplied by this number and by the total shipment distance in kilometers to give the in transit railyard worker dose This is shown in Figure 32 Dedicated Trains This is only used for rail mode It denotes whether the shipment is by general freight or key trains NO or by dedicated rail YES The standard default setting is NO This is shown in Figure 32 The main 63 difference between the two options is the exposure of rail workers in rail yards For dedicated rail worker dose is calculated with factors bs through bi of Appendix B of the RADTRAN 5 Technical Manual Neuhause
14. 113 Day 97 65 Night 65 Night 55 105 Night 105 Night 88 65 105 UT 75 65 75 65 121 105 121 105 VT 65 55 50 50 105 88 80 80 VA 65 65 65 55 105 105 105 88 WA 70 Trucks 113 trucks 60 60 60 60 97 97 97 97 WV 70 55 65 55 113 88 105 88 WI 65 65 65 55 105 105 105 88 WY 75 60 65 65 121 97 105 105 SOURCE Insurance Institute for Highway Safety Highway Loss Data Institute Maximum Posted Speed Limits for Passenger Vehicles available at http www hwysafety org safety facts state laws speed limit laws htm as of Oct 11 2004 We have generally assumed that rush hour speeds are about half of the speed limit We have in the past used the following exceedingly conservative national average values in RADTRAN Trucks on freeways primary U S highways or limited access highways 88 km hr 55 mph including trucks on interstate highways through urban areas Trucks on two lane rural roads 72 km hr 45 mph Trucks on urban or suburban two lane roads 40 km hr 25 mph Trucks on city streets 24 km hr 15 mph Trucks in rush hour traffic one half the non rush hour speed on the particular road type Trains on rural route segments 64 km hr 40 mph Trains on suburban route segments 40 km hr 25 mph Trains on urban route segments 24 km hr 15 mph 29 Trains carrying large casks of radioactive material spent fuel UF travel no faster than 50 mph because radioactive materials are hazardous materials Population Density Ent
15. 210 1080 0 541 Pb 212 1 92 03 5 18 06 6 29 03 Pb 212 8 11 8 11 Ra 223 1 22E 04 2 29 08 2 78E 05 223 16 2 0 811 Ra 224 9 25 03 9 25 07 1 48E 05 Ra 224 8 11 1 62 Ac 225 1 33E 05 2 26 08 9 25E 05 225 16 2 0 27 225 5 55 04 1 92 08 7 40E 05 225 16 2 0 541 226 8 88E 04 9 99E 07 3 70E 05 Ra 226 8 11 0 541 Ac 227 2 89E 08 3 66E 08 5 55E 07 Ac 227 1080 0 000541 92 Photon Effective Nuclide Half Life Energy Cloudshine Groundshine Inhalation Name days MeV rem m Ci sec _ rem m yCi day _ rem Ci Th 227 1 87E 01 1 06E 01 1 81E 02 3 32E 05 3 15 07 Ra 228 2 10 03 4 14 09 0 00 00 0 00 00 9 62 06 Th 228 6 98E 02 3 30E 03 3 40E 04 7 51E 07 1 18E 08 Th 229 2 68E 06 9 54 02 1 42 02 2 73E 05 4 07E 08 Th 230 2 81 E 07 1 55E 03 6 44E 05 2 40E 07 1 59E 08 Pa 231 1 20E 07 4 76E 02 6 36E 03 1 30E 05 5 18E 08 Th 232 5 13E 12 1 33E 03 3 23E 05 1 76E 07 1 67E 08 U 232 2 63E 04 2 19E 03 5 25E 05 3 23E 07 2 89E 07 Pa 233 2 70E 01 2 03E 01 3 46E 02 6 23E 05 1 22E 04 U 233 5 79E 07 1 31E 03 6 03E 05 2 29E 07 1 33E 07 Th 234 2 41E 01 9 34 03 1 25 03 2 66 06 2 44E 04 U 234 8 92E 07 1 73E 03 2 82E 05 2 39E 07 1 30E 07 Np 235 3 96E 02 7 09E 03 1 89E 04 1 17E 06 1 55E 03 U 235 2 57E 11 1 54E 01 2 66E 02 4 73E 05 1 15 07 Np 236a 4 20 07 1
16. 4 38E 05 1 74E 00 3 13E 01 5 43E 04 4 44E 05 Tm 170 1 29E 02 5 46E 03 8 25E 04 1 89E 06 2 59E 04 Hf 175 7 00 01 3 68 01 6 25 02 1 16 04 4 44E 03 Hf 181 4 24 01 5 55 01 9 69 02 1 75 04 1 85E 04 W 181 1 21E 02 4 04E 02 5 1 8E 03 1 26E 05 2 81E 04 Ta 182 1 15 02 1 29 00 2 37 01 3 93 04 2 81 04 W 185 7 51 01 5 67E 05 1 99 05 5 88 08 4 44 02 W 188 6 94E 01 1 90E 03 3 34E 04 6 14E 07 2 11 03 Ir 192 7 40E 01 8 11 01 1 45 01 2 57E 04 1 92E 04 T1 202 1 22E 01 4 67E 01 8 07E 02 1 47E 04 7 03E 02 T1 204 1 38 03 1 13E 03 2 07E 04 4 73E 07 1 44E 03 Bi 210 5 01E 00 0 00E 00 1 22E 04 3 36E 07 3 44E 05 Pb 210 8 14E 03 4 81E 03 2 09E 04 7 93E 07 4 07E 06 Po 210 1 38E 02 8 50E 06 1 54E 06 2 65E 09 1 22 07 Pb 212 4 43E 01 1 48 01 2 54E 02 4 57E 05 6 25E 05 Ra 223 1 14E 01 1 33E 01 2 25E 02 4 09E 05 2 74E 07 Ra 224 3 66E 00 9 89 03 1 74 03 3 06 06 1 11 07 Ac 225 1 00 01 1 79 02 2 67 03 5 05 06 2 74E 07 Ra 225 1 48E 01 1 37E 02 1 03E 03 4 25E 06 2 33E 07 Ra 226 5 84E 05 6 74E 03 1 17 03 2 06 06 1 30E 07 Ac 227 7 95E 03 2 31E 04 2 15E 05 5 02E 08 8 14E 08 91 Lung Marrow Nuclide Inhalation Inhalation Inhalation COMIDA Limit 2 Limit Name rem Ci rem Ci rem Ci Name Ci Ci Ce 141 7 77E 01 8 88E 04 1 07E 03 Ce 141 270 13 5 Pr 143 2 78E 00 5 5
17. Radionuclides Vehicle Link Stop Handling Accident Parameters Mame Vehicle Min Distance m Distance m People or People km Shielding Factor Time h STOP 1 Truck 1 1 00 00 5 00 00 5 63E 04 1 00 00 5 00E 01 STOP_2 Truck_1 3 00 00 3 00 00 4 00 00 1 00 00 5 00E 01 STOP_3 Truck_2 1 00E00 5 00 00 5 63E 04 1 00 00 3 00 01 STOP 4 Truck 2 3 00 00 3 00 00 4 00 00 1 00 00 3 00 01 STOP 5 Truck 3 1 00 00 5 00 00 6 63E 04 1 00 00 4 00 01 5 6 Truck 3 3 00 00 3 00 00 4 00 00 1 00 00 4 00 01 STOP 7 1 00 00 5 00 00 6 63E 04 1 00 00 5 00 01 3 00 00 4 00 00 1 00 00 5 00 01 Add Stop Remove Stop Figure 18 Stop Tab Vehicle Available vehicle names are on a pull down menu in the Vehicle column This is shown in Figure 18 in the Vehicle column Note that vehicle names cannot be added or deleted at this tab Min Distance Enter the shortest distance at the stop from the radioactive cargo to the receptor s whose dose from incident free transportation will be calculated This is shown in Figure 18 The Min imum and Max imum Distance columns define the area around the radioactive cargo in which there are receptors at that particular stop The Min imum Distance cannot be less than 1 0 meter 38 Max Distance Enter the longest distance from the radioactive cargo to the receptor s whose dose from incident free transportation will be
18. a onan 26 5 4 1 Importing WebTRAGIS 24555 rd poA eat 34 DS LOPS 37 Hande UO Teo I ESO at NT pd E pem 40 PRC CIC TNS us doses gaa qaa s emu un dote Ld au pore eMe 42 5 7 1 Conditional Probabilities Severity Fractions 43 5 7 2 Deposition Velocity 44 Oy foe Release Fraction e pope Deo EE pe a IE 45 244 Aerosol Fraction sie or ev ER HR a be 46 5 7 5 Respitable Fraction 47 s eod a Dee Mana epu 48 SULA ya satan E Sasak asia HR XE edd 49 5 7 7 1 Weather and Default Population Densities 50 5 7 7 1 1 The Average Option 50 5 7 7 1 2 The Pasquill Option 51 5 7 7 1 3 The User Defined Option 52 5 7 8 Combining the User Defined Option With ISOPLETH P 54 2 6 Parameters 55 b Special RAD T RAN Cases ceo utate acorde sup qasa u bas 65 6 1 On link dose for a highway that parallels a rail line 66 7 Saving Running RADTRAN Exiting 67 Ge UROISFOHGES a Ns kman i ee erdt 69 Appendix A RADTRAN 5 6 Reference Sheet
19. to which a contaminated surface should be cleaned The parameter is the total allowed activity of all deposited radionuclides The standard default value is the EPA guidance of 0 2 uCi m EPA 1977 This is shown in Figures 31 32 and 33 57 Interdiction Threshold This parameter specifies the threshold value for interdiction of contaminated land The standard default value is 40 i e a value 40 times greater than the Cleanup Level and it was taken from NUREG 0170 NRC 1977 This is shown in Figures 31 32 and 33 Evacuation time for groundshine This parameter specifies evacuation time in days following a dispersal accident The standard default value is 1 0 day 24 hours Mills et al 1995 analyzed 66 verified HazMat accidents in which evacuations were carried out and found that the mean evacuation time was approximately one hour The resuspension model also uses this parameter as the time that the receptor is exposed to resuspended material This time is an input to the calculation of the resuspension dose If you wish to use a time for exposure to resuspended material different from the groundshine exposure time you can run RADTRAN separately with a different groundshine exposure time This is shown in Figures 31 32 and 33 Survey interval for groundshine This parameter is used to specify the time in days required to survey contaminated land following a dispersal accident during which time the residents of the area
20. 02 2 34 03 1 57 01 2 68 02 2 19 03 1 00 01 2 68E02 2 40 03 2 04E01 2 83 02 2 11E03 8 20 00 3 13 02 1 98 03 9 70 00 2 58 02 1 00 00 1 00 00 1 00 00 1 00 00 1 00 00 1 00 00 1 00 00 1 00 00 1 00 00 1 00 00 1 00 00 1 00 00 1 00 00 1 00 00 1 00 00 1 00 00 1 00 00 1 00 00 1 00 00 1 00 00 1 00 00 1 00 00 1 00 00 URBAN LIT VEHICLE 1 1 50E00 1 00 00 l2 11E03 1 00 00 RURAL WA lt VFHICIF 1 1 1 4 1 Add Link Import web Tragis Figure 17 Imported WebTRAGIS RADTRAN Data Listing 5 5 STOPS You may select the Stop tab after the Link tab If editing an existing file without adding or deleting a package the order in which the tabs are opened will not make any difference Figure 18 shows the Stop tab Name Give each Stop a Name in the left hand column A stop name must be a continuous text string and may not include any spaces Aggregation of all stops of a particular type e g inspection stops refueling stops may be done and the total time for those stops entered in the Time column Different types of 37 populations e g other people at refueling stop residents near the stop may be structured as different stops This difference is shown in Figure 18 13 Radcat 2 3 Project Panthro New Mexico Truck Routing File Edit E m Xx m Title Package
21. 1 40E 00 3 30E 04 8 10E 03 241 7 70E 02 1 30E 01 1 00E 01 1 50E 01 8 60E 02 1 10E 00 1 30E 00 4 50E 04 1 10E 02 271 7 80 02 3 20E 01 1 00E 01 1 50E 01 8 70 02 1 40E 00 1 70E 00 1 10E 03 2 70E 02 301 4 10E 04 4 80E 04 4 80E 04 7 10E 04 4 40E 04 8 30E 02 9 90E 02 3 60E 05 8 80E 04 Julian Na 22 Effective Societal Dose Values Date CROP1 CROP2 CROP3 CROP4 CROPS CROP6 CROP7 CROPS CROP9 1 4 20 04 5 00 04 5 00 04 7 30 04 4 50 04 1 30 01 1 60 01 3 50E 05 8 60E 04 61 4 40E 04 5 20E 04 5 20E 04 7 70E 04 4 80E 04 2 90E 01 3 50E 01 3 50E 05 8 60E 04 121 6 90E 02 7 50E 02 9 30E 02 1 40E 01 7 90E 02 1 10E 00 1 30E 00 2 70E 04 6 60E 03 151 7 40E 02 7 90E 02 9 70 02 1 40E 01 8 20E 02 1 20E 00 1 50E 00 2 90E 04 7 10E 03 181 7 50 02 8 40E 02 9 80E 02 1 40E 01 8 30E 02 1 10E 00 1 30E 00 3 00E 04 7 50E 03 201 7 50 02 8 90E 02 9 90E 02 1 40E 01 8 30E 02 1 20E 00 1 40E 00 3 20E 04 7 90E 03 241 7 50 02 1 30E 01 9 90E 02 1 40E 01 8 40E 02 1 10E 00 1 30E 00 4 40E 04 1 10E 02 271 7 60E 02 3 10E 01 9 90E 02 1 50E 01 8 40E 02 1 40E 00 1 60E 00 1 00E 03 2 60 02 301 4 00E 04 4 70E 04 4 70E 04 6 90E 04 4 30E 04 8 10E 02 9 70E 02 3 50E 05 8 60E 04 98 Backyard Farmer Dose Example Calculation An example of how to use the backyar
22. 20E 01 6 70E 02 8 90E 01 1 10E 00 2 50E 04 6 10E 03 201 6 10E 02 7 20E 02 8 00E 02 1 20E 01 6 80E 02 9 40E 01 1 10E 00 2 60E 04 6 40E 03 241 6 10E 02 1 00E 01 8 00E 02 1 20E 01 6 80E 02 8 80E 01 1 00E 00 3 60E 04 8 80E 03 271 6 20 02 2 50E 01 8 00E 02 1 20 01 6 80E 02 1 10E 00 1 30E 00 8 50E 04 2 10E 02 301 3 20E 04 3 80E 04 3 80E 04 5 60E 04 3 50E 04 6 50E 02 7 80E 02 2 80E 05 6 90E 04 Julian Na 22 Red Marrow Societal Dose Values Date CROP1 CROP2 CROP3 CROP4 CROPS CROP6 CROP7 CROPS CROP9 1 5 80E 04 6 90E 04 6 90E 04 1 00E 03 6 30E 04 1 80E 01 2 20E 01 4 80E 05 1 20E 03 61 6 10E 04 7 30E 04 7 30E 04 1 10E 03 6 60E 04 4 00E 01 4 80E 01 4 80E 05 1 20E 03 121 9 50E 02 1 00 01 1 30E 01 1 90E 01 1 10E 01 1 50E 00 1 80E 00 3 70E 04 9 10E 03 151 1 00E 01 1 10 01 1 30E 01 2 00E 01 1 10 01 1 70E 00 2 00 00 4 00E 04 9 90E 03 181 1 00E 01 1 20E 01 1 40E 01 2 00E 01 1 10 01 1 50 00 1 80E 00 4 20E 04 1 00 02 201 1 00 01 1 20E 01 1 40E 01 2 00E 01 1 20E 01 1 60E 00 1 90E 00 4 40E 04 1 10E 02 241 1 00E 01 1 80E 01 1 40E 01 2 00E 01 1 20E 01 1 50E 00 1 80E 00 6 10E 04 1 50 02 271 1 10 01 4 30E 01 1 40E 01 2 00E 01 1 20E 01 1 90E 00 2 30E 00 1 50 03 3 60E 02 301 5 50E 04 6 50E 04 6 50E 04 9 60E 04 5 90E 04 1 10E 01 1 30 01 4 80E 05 1 20E 03
23. 242m 1 18E 08 1 96E 07 4 07 06 Am 242m 54 1 0 00541 Cm 242 1 78E 06 1 30E 08 4 07E 06 Cm 242 1080 0 27 Pu 242 7 40E 07 1 04E 08 1 22 07 Pu 242 54 1 0 00541 Am 243 1 22 08 1 15E 08 7 77E 06 Am 243 54 1 0 00541 Cm 243 8 51 E 07 1 37 08 8 51 06 243 81 1 0 00811 Cm 244 6 66E 07 1 37E 08 8 51E 06 Cm 244 108 0 0108 Pu 244 7 40 07 9 62E 07 1 22 07 Pu 244 8 11 0 00541 Cm 245 1 26 08 1 18 08 8 14E 06 Cm 245 54 1 0 00541 94 Photon Effective Nuclide Half Life Energy Cloudshine Groundshine Inhalation Name days MeV rem m Ci sec rem m uCi day Cm 246 1 73E 06 1 51E 03 1 65E 05 2 51E 07 1 55E 08 Cm 247 5 69E 09 3 14E 01 5 55E 02 9 91E 05 1 44E 08 Cm 248 1 24E 08 1 16E 03 1 25E 05 1 92E 07 5 55E 08 Cf 252 9 63E 02 1 20E 03 1 87E 05 2 31E 07 7 40E 07 Gonad Lung Marrow Nuclide Inhalation Inhalation Inhalation COMIDA A1 Limit 2 Limit Name rem Ci rem Ci rem Ci Name Ci Ci Cm 246 1 22E 08 1 18E 08 8 14E 06 Cm 246 54 1 0 00541 Cm 247 1 15E 08 1 04E 08 7 40 06 Cm 247 54 1 0 00541 Cm 248 4 44 08 2 33E 08 3 00E 07 Cm 248 1 08 0 00135 Cf 252 1 48E 07 1 92E 08 2 81E 07 Cf 252 2 7 0 027 95 APPENDIX C COMIDA DATABASE Due to the amount of information that is in the COMIDA database this appendix will only provide the ingestion information for one radionuclide If the e
24. 5 Suburban KM 80 0 Urban KM 13 2 Total KM 264 6 Rural Pop Density 16 2 Suburban Pop Density 341 6 Urban Pop Density 2338 7 IA Rural KM 3933 8 Suburban KM 95 4 Urban 5 1 Total KM 494 1 Rural Pop Density 15 7 Suburban Pop Density 268 0 Urban Pop Density 2185 2 NE Figure 15 WebTRAGIS RADTRAN Data Listing Text File This text file can be imported into RADCAT using the Import Web Tragis button on the Link tab Before importing into RADTRAN the RADTRAN Data Listing text file must be saved to your computer The Import Web Tragis button will then open a search window for you to locate the WebTRAGIS RADTRAN Data Listing text file Figure 16 provides an example of the search window 35 1i Radcat 2 3 Project Panthro West Jefferson to Hanford Lookin 23 User Guide 27 Sime WestJeff_Hanford txt My Recent Documents My Documents File name WestJeff_Hanford txt My Network Places Files of type Files Cancel Add Link Remove Link Import Web Tragis Figure 16 Import WebTRAGIS Search Window An imported WebTRAGIS RADTRAN Data Listing text file into RADCAT will list all the route segments for each state traversed according to population zones rural suburban and urban The population density distance traveled and population zone will be automatically filled in for each route Figure 17 provides an example of the import f
25. Aerosolized Fraction 1 00 Accident Rate 1 00 accidents km Distance Traveled 1 00 km Farm Fraction 1 00 Deposition Velocity 0 01 m sec Number of Shipments 1 Number of Packages 1 Rainfall 0 00 mm hr Dispersion National Average Weather 18 Isopleths The following equation is used to determine the societal ingestion dose 9 average gt Crop D aa CF FF AR NS NP DT 9 gt Y AF PAs RF NC CQi ADi DV a l j l i l where D The societal ingestion dose Person Rem Crop The crop dose value for the crop Person Sv m IG Initial ground concentration Bq m CF Conversion factor 3 7 x 10 Rem Bq Sv Ci FF Farm Fraction AR Accident rate accident km NS Number of shipments NP Number of packages DT Distance traveled km AF Aerosolized fraction of the a severity category PA Probability of an accident for the a severity category RF Release fraction of the a severity category NC Number of curies for the j radionuclide Ci CQ The Chi Q with deposition value for the isopleth s m Area of the i isopleth m Area of the i 1 isopleth m DV Deposition velocity m s 100 This equation is only valid for scenarios in which there is no rainfall For meteorological conditions which rainfall is present there is another equation that must be used in order to determine the societal ingestion dose since the peak d
26. CROP2 CROP3 CROP4 CROP5 CROP6 CROP7 CROPS CROP9 1 3 50E 04 4 20E 04 4 10E 04 6 10E 04 3 80E 04 1 10E 01 1 30 01 2 90E 05 7 10 04 61 3 70E 04 4 40E 04 4 40E 04 6 40E 04 4 00E 04 2 40E 01 2 90E 01 2 90E 05 7 20E 04 121 5 70E 02 6 20E 02 7 80E 02 1 10E 01 6 60E 02 9 10E 01 1 10E 00 2 20E 04 5 50E 03 151 6 10E 02 6 60E 02 8 00E 02 1 20E 01 6 80E 02 1 00E 00 1 20 00 2 40E 04 5 90E 03 181 6 20E 02 7 00E 02 8 20E 02 1 20E 01 6 90E 02 9 10E 01 1 10E 00 2 50E 04 6 20E 03 201 6 30E 02 7 40E 02 8 20E 02 1 20E 01 6 90E 02 9 60E 01 1 20E 00 2 70E 04 6 60E 03 241 6 30E 02 1 10E 01 8 20E 02 1 20E 01 7 00E 02 9 00 01 1 10E 00 3 70E 04 9 10E 03 271 6 30E 02 2 60E 01 8 30E 02 1 20E 01 7 00E 02 1 10E 00 1 40E 00 8 70E 04 2 20 02 301 3 30E 04 3 90E 04 3 90E 04 5 80E 04 3 60E 04 6 70E 02 8 10E 02 2 90E 05 7 10E 04 Julian Na 22 Lungs Societal Dose Values Date CROP1 CROP2 CROP3 CROP4 CROPS CROP6 CROP7 CROPS CROP9 1 3 40E 04 4 00E 04 4 00E 04 5 90E 04 3 70E 04 1 10E 01 1 30 01 2 80E 05 7 00E 04 61 3 60E 04 4 20E 04 4 20E 04 6 20E 04 3 90E 04 2 40E 01 2 80E 01 2 80E 05 7 00E 04 121 5 60E 02 6 00E 02 7 50E 02 1 10E 01 6 40E 02 8 90E 01 1 10E 00 2 20E 04 5 30E 03 151 6 00 02 6 40E 02 7 80E 02 1 10 01 6 60E 02 1 00E 00 1 20E 00 2 30E 04 5 80E 03 181 6 10E 02 6 80E 02 7 90E 02 1
27. Group from the pull down menu This 18 shown in Figure 23 The left hand column shows the Index number which is associated with the Conditional Probability Index for each Probability Fraction Enter a Release Fraction for each Index and each Group Indices may not be added or deleted at this screen 45 ol Radcat 2 2 Project Panthro New Mexico Truck Routing File Edit Title Package Radionuclides Vehicle Link Stop Handling Accident Parameters Probability Deposition Velocity Release Aerosol Respirable Isopleth P Weather GROUP 1 5 0 00 00 6 0 00 00 Figure 23 Accident Release Tab 5 7 44 AEROSOL FRACTION The Aerosol Fraction the fraction of each Release Fraction that would be aerosolized in an accident depends on the physical behavior of the radionuclides and on the severity of the accident The pull down menu at the top allows selection of the physical chemical Group Groups may not be added or deleted at this tab Select a physical chemical Group from the pull down menu seen in Figure 24 The left hand column shows the Index number which 15 associated with the Conditional Probability Index for each Probability Fraction Enter an Aerosol Fraction for each Index and each Group In most accidents involving Type B casks or containers only very small particles are released in such cases the Aerosol Fraction 1 Indices may not be added or deleted at this
28. Java Runtime Environment JRE on your PC The most recent version of the Runtime Environment will download to you computer If you are on a network you may get a message indicating that you can t install If this happens you will need help from your network administrator to install it or to give you access through a firewall If you have a firewall like ZoneAlarm on the computer you are using turn it off before installing the JRE To gain access through a network firewall you ll need the proxy access and port number as shown in Figure 1 The proxy and port settings can be obtained from your network administrator Once JRE is installed you can go back to Download RADCAT on the Main Menu and download RADCAT You will be asked to integrate it to the desktop environment which is suggested When you launch RADCAT the application you may get a notice that says there is no certificate of authenticity launch the application anyway The process for applying for the certificate may not be complete If you wish to put the Java Runtime Environment icon on your desktop go to C Program Files Java jre1 6 0_01 bin find the coffee cup javaws exe icon and copy the icon to your desktop Once you have installed JRE you can launch RADCAT either from JRE or from the RADCAT icon If you want to download the latest version go back to https radtran sandia gov radcat click on Download RADCAT click on Launch the Application and the latest version will be downl
29. NONE 1080 1080 H 3 GAS 6 66E 03 6 66E 03 6 66E 03 NONE 1080 1080 Be 10 1 78E 03 2 00E 05 5 92E 03 Be 10 541 13 5 C 14 ORG 2 15E 03 2 15E 03 2 11E 03 NONE 1080 54 1 C 14 GAS 2 29E 01 2 29E 01 2 29E 01 NONE 1080 54 1 Na 22 3 00E 03 3 29E 03 5 55E 03 Na 22 13 5 13 5 32 6 29E 02 8 88E 04 7 77E 03 32 8 11 8 11 5 35 2 85E 01 4 44E 04 2 74E 01 S 35 1080 54 1 36 9 99E 02 2 04E 05 9 62E 02 36 541 13 5 41 3 48E 00 5 18E 02 1 96E 02 Ca 41 1080 1080 Ca 45 4 44E 01 7 77E 04 2 66E 03 Ca 45 1080 24 3 Sc 46 3 26E 02 1 63E 05 5 92E 03 Sc 46 13 5 13 5 Cr 51 1 18E 01 5 18E 02 4 81E 01 Cr 51 811 811 Mn 54 5 55E 02 2 22E 04 4 07E 03 Mn 54 27 27 Fe 55 3 52E 02 1 11E 03 6 66E 02 Fe 55 1080 1080 Co 57 1 85E 02 1 18E 04 4 81E 02 Co 57 216 216 Co 58 4 44E 02 3 29E 04 2 07E 03 Co 58 27 27 59 1 37 03 8 51 04 4 81E 03 59 21 6 21 6 Ni 59 2 89 02 1 33E 03 4 07E 01 Ni 59 1080 1080 Co 60 7 03E 03 1 78E 05 1 07E 04 Co 60 10 8 10 8 Ni 63 7 03 02 8 14E 03 1 04E 02 Ni 63 1080 811 Zn 65 2 29E 03 1 78E 04 4 07E 03 Zn 65 54 1 54 1 Ga 67 1 41E 01 5 92E 03 6 29E 01 Ga 67 162 162 Kr 85 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 NONE 541 270 Rb 86 2 74E 03 2 81E 03 5 18E 03 Rb 86 8 11 8 11 Rb 87 1 44E 03 1 52E 03 2 85E 03 Rb 87 100000 100000 Sr 89 1 70E 02 1 67E 05 4 07E 03 Sr 89 16 2 13 5 Sr 90 1 04E 03 7 03E 05 4 07E 04 Sr 90 5 41 2 7 Y 90 1 33E 01 2 59E 04 3 70E 02 Y 90 5 41 5 41 Y 91 2 22E 02 1 85E 05
30. National Average Traffic Densities Divided into Population Density Zones Interstate Highways Interstate Highways Rural Zone Suburban Zone Urban Zone Traffic Departure from DEPO Traffic Departure from Traffic Departure from Density Historic Value ian Density Historic Value kin Density Historic Value vehicles hr 470 vehicles hr vehicles hr 780 vehicles hr vehicles hr 2800 vehicles hr 1119 138 16856 2463 26 9028 5385 93 Table D 8 National Average Traffic Densities Divided into Population Density Zones U S Highways U S Highways Rural Zone Suburban Zone Urban Zone Traffic Departure from Renan Traffic Departure from Traffic Departure from Density Historic Value Density Historic Value i Density Historic Value vehicles hr 470 vehicles hr vehicles hr 780 vehicles hr vehicles hr 2800 vehicles hr 283 40 43993 590 24 28400 1575 44 113 Length km 4584 Length km 4515 Results This study reveals the importance of distinguishing between road types which is captured in Figure D 2 The figure displays the departure of each traffic density in Tables D 7 and D 8 from the historical values found in Table D 1 NRC 1977 While traffic density on U S highways shows a decrease from the historically used values interstate highways show a dramatic increase over those values 250 0076 200 0076 150 00 100 00 50 00 0 00 50 00 S
31. areas may be added to or withdrawn using the bars at the bottom of the screen RADTRAN cannot handle more than 18 isopleth areas is a single run 50 1 Radcat 2 3 Project Panthro New Mexico Truck Routing unsaved File Edit A a Bx 8 Title Package Radionuclides Vehicle Link Stop Handling Accident Parameters Probability Deposition Velocity Release Aerosol Respirable Isopleth P Weather O Pasquil Average User Defined Isopleth Area Size m Time Integrated Concentration Center Line Distance m 4 59E02 3 42E 03 3 30 01 1 53 03 1 72 03 6 80E01 3 94 03 8 58E 04 1 05E02 1 25E04 3 42E 04 2 44 02 3 04 04 1 72 04 3 69 02 6 85 04 8 58 05 5 61 02 1 76 05 3 42E 05 1 02 03 4 45E05 1 72 05 1 63 03 8 59 05 8 58E 06 2 31E03 2 55E06 3 42E 06 4 27E03 4 45E06 1 72E 06 5 47 03 1 03 07 8 58E 07 1 11E04 2 16 07 3 42 07 1 31 04 5 52 07 1 72 07 2 13E04 1 77E08 8 58E 08 4 05 04 4 89 08 5 42 08 7 00 04 8 12 08 4 30E 08 8 99 04 1 35E09 3 42E 08 1 21 05 Add Average Area Remove Average Area Figure 28 Accident Weather Tab with National Average Weather Option 5 7 7 1 2 The Pasquill Option Choosing the Pasquill option opens a screen listing the six meteorological Pasquill Stability Classes in the left hand column and allows the user to enter the fraction of occurrence of
32. calculated This is shown in Figure 18 The Min imum and Max imum Distance define the area around the radioactive cargo in which there are receptors at that particular stop The Min imum and Max imum Distance may be the same or may be different see People or People km below The Min imum Distance can never be larger than the Max imum Distance People or People km This parameter defines the number of radiation receptors at each particular stop Figure 19 is the diagram of a truck stop and illustrates the truck stop parameters Residents near stop Figure 19 Truck Stop Diagram not to scale See discussion below The stop in Figure 19 would be modeled in RADTRAN as three separate stops Stop 1 the crew of the truck carrying the SNF cask One crew member refuels while the other goes into the truck stop building Stop 2 the people in the area between the gas pumps and the building e Stop 3 the residents around the truck stop A rail stop would be modeled similarly For Stop 1 the Min imum and Max imum Distance are the same RADTRAN reads the number in this column as the total number of people at that distance from the radioactive cargo In this case there is one person about one meter from the cargo the two crew members take turns filling the tanks Thus both the Min imum Distance and Max imum Distance 1 0 and People or People km 1
33. each Stability Class in the Fraction column as seen in Figure 29 These fractions must total exactly 1 or RADTRAN will not execute Note that in this option wind speeds are constant for each Stability Class as shown in Table 3 51 Table 3 Pasquill Wind Speeds for Each Stability Class Stability Class rcd A 1 B 2 C 3 D 4 E 2 5 F G 1 1 Radcat 2 3 Project Panthro New Mexico Truck Routing unsaved File Edit RR E B X f Title Package Radionuclides vehicle Link Stop Handling Accident Parameters Probability Deposition Velocity Release Aerosol Respirable Isopleth P Weather Pasquil Average User Defined Stability Class Fraction A 5 00E 02 B 1 50 01 ie 3 50E 01 D E 2 50E 01 0 00 00 Figure 29 Accident Weather Tab with Pasquill Option 5 7 7 1 3 The User Defined Option The User Defined option allows modeling of higher temperature and elevated releases rainout and the application of user defined wind speeds Choosing the User Defined option opens a screen listing the 52 input parameters listed below shown in Figure 30 Note that the user can only use this option for one specific type of cask release location and wind stability class l Release Height m This parameter allows the user to specify the release height for an atmospheric dispersi
34. following two pages list a state by state summary of the vehicle densities in each of the three population density zones Each traffic density is compared to the historical values from Table D 1 and the total length of all of the sections of highway with each zone designation 15 given as the final column under each zone type 107 State Alabama Arizona California Colorado Delaware Georgia lowa Maryland Michigan Minnesota Nebraska New Jersey New Mexico New York North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Tennessee Utah Vermont Washington Table D 3 State by State Traffic Densities Divided into Population Density Zones Interstate Highways Traffic Density vehicles hr 1161 825 1924 1248 7187 1537 992 1953 1219 738 833 2609 654 835 293 1824 1175 1570 731 439 1123 Rural Zone Departure from Historic Value 470 vehicles hr 1477 76 309 166 1429 227 111 315 159 57 77 455 39 78 38 288 150 234 56 7 139 Length km 813 1401 1660 1036 3 956 956 159 827 895 677 105 1195 927 793 637 1046 780 1113 259 616 Interstate Highways Suburban Zone Traffic Density vehicles hr 2138 2144 4509 2342 3651 3286 1588 3656 2309 2296 1685 3322 1208 1818 575 2655 1786 2735 1958 726 2670 108 Departure from Historic Value 780 vehicles hr 174 175 478 200 368 321 104 369 196 194 116 326 55 133 26 240 129
35. limited access divided highway 30 30 800 30 30 800 SECONDARY Any non limited access highway that is not a city street 27 30 800 27 30 800 STREET Any city street 5 8 800 5 8 800 RAIL Any rail right of way in the U S 30 30 800 30 30 800 WATER Any vessel 200 200 800 200 200 1000 Note that the values are the same for FREEWAY and RAIL Setting the first two values equal to each other is equivalent to a sidewalk width of zero and means there are no sidewalks or similar close in areas where unshielded persons pedestrians bicyclists etc may reasonably be expected to be found For STREET the sidewalk is modeled as being 3 m wide Finley et al 1980 The values for WATER conservatively model a narrow navigable waterway e g Houston Ship Channel and are taken from NUREG 0170 NRC 1977 The WATER values are the ones most likely to require modification by the analyst since other bodies of water that might be modeled have ship to shore distances that greatly exceed 200 m and even 800 m Description 80 STANDARD Default Value DISTON 5 This keyword specifies perpendicular distance i e a distance measured along a line at right angles to the line of travel of the RAM shipment between the RAM shipment and other traffic lanes in meters For three link types DISTON represents the average perpendicular distance between the
36. one physical chemical group is used If more than one physical chemical group is used then using this equation and summing the results for each group will result in the societal ingestion dose 102 Then for the example listed above Average crop dose value for the effective dose 2 203 Sv m Average crop dose value for the lung dose 1 779 Sv m Initial ground concentration 1 00 x 10 Bq m The results are then the following for the societal ingestion dose Hand Calculation RADTRAN 5 5 Error Effective 5 41 x 10 Person Rem 5 46 x 10 Person Rem 1 0 Lung 4 37 x 10 Person Rem 4 42 x 10 Person Rem 1 2 103 APPENDIX D HIGHWAY VEHICLE DENSITIES David Orcutt and G Scott Mills Sandia National Laboratories History While the data contained in this report can be utilized to provide traffic density figures for any application where such values would be appropriate they were gathered to aid users of RADTRAN Historically standard inputs for the vehicle densities on highways in the United States were the values shown in Table 1 below The population density zone divisions are those employed by the routing software TRAGIS which was developed by Oak Ridge National Laboratories Johnson and Michelhaugh 2000 and provide the mileage of each route that falls within each of these three zones A 1975 traffic study NRC 1977 resulted in the traffic density values shown in the Table D 1 these values have been used in the RADTRAN pro
37. screen 46 1 Radcat 2 3 Project Panthro New Mexico Truck Routing unsaved File Edit E Xx BD Title Package Radionuclides Vehicle Link Stop Handling Accident Parameters M Probability Deposition Velocity Release Aerosol Respirable Isopleth P Weather Group Deposition Velocity m s Part 1 50E 01 Crud 1 00E 01 Cesium 1 00E 03 0 00E00 Figure 24 Accident Aerosol Tab 5 7 5 RESPIRABLE FRACTION The Respirable Fraction the fraction of each Aerosol Fraction that consists of particles or droplets most of which are small enough to enter the lung alveoli usually considered to be less than 10 microns in diameter depends on the physical and chemical behavior of the radionuclides and on the severity of the accident The pull down menu at the top allows selection of the physical chemical Group Groups may not be added or deleted at this tab Select a physical chemical Group from the pull down menu seen in Figure 25 The left hand column shows the Index number which is associated with the Conditional Probability Index for each Probability Fraction Enter a Respirable Fraction for each Index and each Group The The inhalation dose conversion factors used in RADTRAN which are from ICRP 72 include contributions from larger particles in the naso pharyngeal system 47 Respirable Fraction is often between 0 05 and 0 1 but be as much as 1 0 Indic
38. section Every portion of the traffic data is then matched up with its corresponding population density zone designation Finally the traffic densities of all of the sections of the road that fall into each designation are averaged thus traffic densities divided into population density categories are calculated for each highway These are compiled for each state and then all of the traffic densities for each highway type within the state are distance averaged using Equation D 1 This is done to determine an average state wide value for each highway type and population density zone 105 PD 137 TD Equation D 1 20b 1 Where TDi State Wide Average Traffic Density for the Current i j Set i Highway Type U S or Interstate j Population Density Zone Rural Suburban or Urban k Highway Index Number of Highways in the Current i j Set TDij Average Traffic Density for the Current ij k Set Length for the Current i j k Set This process was completed for each state included in the analysis and the results are included in this report Also included are the average traffic density values for each highway type divided into ten U S Environmental Protection Agency EPA regions shown in Table 2 Finally the data is also combined into a national average Limitations of Study The U S Census only counts people where they reside therefore the data does not take into account the day time influx of popu
39. tab Enter a Deposition Velocity in meters sec for each Group Gases do not deposit and thus have a Deposition Velocity 0 A Deposition Velocity of 0 01 m sec is often used as being generally representative of aerosol particles that can be dispersed over long distances The Deposition Velocity should be small enough that the material is deposited in at least 2 isopleths If the Deposition Velocity is too large RADTRAN will not finish the calculations It is recommended that the Deposition Velocity be no larger than 0 1 m sec for proper results Groups may not be added or deleted at this screen This is shown in Figure 22 44 1 Radcat 2 3 Project Panthro New Mexico Truck Routing unsaved File Edit PF a E B Title Package Radionuclides Vehicle Link Stop Handling Accident Parameters Probability Deposition Velocity Release Aerosol Respirable Isopleth Weather Group Deposition Velocity m s Part 1 50E 01 Crud 1 00E 01 Cesium 1 00E 03 0 00 00 Figure 22 Accident Deposition Velocity Tab 5 7 5 RELEASE FRACTION Release Fraction the fraction of each radionuclide in the cargo that could be released in an accident depends on the physical and chemical behavior of the radionuclides and on the severity of the accident The pull down menu at the top allows selection of the physical chemical Group Groups may not be added or deleted at this tab Select a physical chemical
40. the radioactive materials shipment and other traffic lanes in meters This is an average perpendicular distance between the shipment centerline and the centerline of adjacent passing vehicles This value is based on the median value for all Interstate and secondary road lane widths Minimum number of rail classification stops This applies to rail mode only and specifies the minimum number of railcar classifications per trip The standard default value is 2 since there are at least two inspections per trip one at the beginning and one at the end of each trip Wooden 1986 When the origin of a rail shipment is very different from its destination it may be useful to change the value to 1 The collective dose to railyard workers at a 30 hour classification stop has been integrated into RADTRAN and is multiplied by this number to give the dose to these workers at classification stops The dose is the weighted sum of the doses for all close proximity railyard worker groups and is calculated primarily with a line source model though a point source model is used when appropriate For general freight dose is calculated with the modifying factors b through b7 which have units of person hr km and are derived from Wooden 1987 as described in Appendix B of the RADTRAN 5 Technical Manual Neuhauser et al 2000 This is shown in Figure 32 62 15 Radcat 2 3 Project Panthro New Mexico Rail Routing unsaved File Edit Eak n lt uU
41. 0 Annals of the ICRP Volume 21 No 1 3 Pergamon Press Oxford England ICRP International Commission on Radiological Protection 2004 Committee 1 Task Group Report Draft Low dose Extrapolation of Radiation Related Cancer Risk Javitz H S et al 1985 Transport of Radioactive Material in the United States Results of a Survey to Determine the Magnitude of Characteristics of Domestic Unclassified Shipments of Radioactive Materials SAND84 7174 Sandia National Laboratories Albuquerque NM Johnson P E and Michelhaugh R D 2000 Transportation Routing Analysis Geographic Information System WebTRAGIS User s Manual ORNL TM 2000 86 Oak Ridge Tennessee Madsen M M et al 1986 RADTRAN III SAND84 0036 Sandia National Laboratories Albuquerque NM Mills G S K S Neuhauser and J D Smith 1995 Evacuation Time Based on general Accident History Proceedings of the 11 International Conference on the Packaging and Transportation of Radioactive materials PATRAM 95 Volume II p 716 Las Vegas NV Neuhauser K S F L Kanipe and Weiner 2000 RADTRAN 5 Technical Manual SAND2000 1256 Sandia National Laboratories Albuquerque NM NAS NRC National Academy of Science National Research Council Committee on the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiations 2005 Health Effects of Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation BEIR VII Phase 2 National Academy of Sciences National Academy
42. 02 6 67E 04 9 25 02 103 54 1 24 3 106 9 62 03 7 03E 05 6 29E 03 Ru 106 5 41 5 41 Pd 107 7 03E 01 1 96E 03 3 59E 00 Pd 107 100000 100000 Cd 109 1 89E 03 1 04E 05 7 03E 02 Cd 109 1080 27 Ag 111 5 18 01 3 70 04 6 66 01 Ag 111 16 2 13 5 In 111 3 07 01 3 55E 03 1 74E 02 In 111 54 1 54 1 Cd 113m 2 74E 04 1 63E 05 1 59E 03 Cd 113m 541 2 43 Sn 113 2 55E 02 7 03E 04 1 70E 03 Sn 113 108 108 In 114m 1 18E 03 1 15E 05 3 37E 04 In 114m 8 11 8 11 Cd 115m 4 44E 01 2 15E 04 1 18 02 Cd 115m 8 11 8 11 Sn 119m 1 33E 02 5 92E 04 7 03E 02 Sn 119m 1080 1080 Sn 121m 5 18E 02 1 22 05 1 55 03 Sn 121m 1080 24 3 Sn 123 4 07 02 2 26E 05 2 78E 03 Sn 123 16 2 13 5 123 1 26 02 1 11 05 3 37 03 Te 123m 189 189 Sb 124 5 18E 02 1 63 05 4 44E 03 Sb 124 16 2 13 5 I 125 7 77E 00 5 92E 03 6 29E 01 I 125 541 54 1 125 4 44E 01 9 62E 04 1 52E 03 Te 125m 811 243 Sb 125 7 77 02 1 17E 05 3 15E 03 Sb 125 54 1 24 3 Sn 125 8 88E 01 7 40E 04 1 22 03 Sn 125 541 5 41 Sb 126 3 66 02 6 29E 04 2 37E 03 Sb 126 10 8 10 8 Sn 126 9 25 03 6 29 05 2 41 04 Sn 126 8 11 8 11 Sb 127 7 40E 01 4 07E 04 4 44E 02 Sb 127 541 13 5 Te 127m 1 30E 02 2 07E 05 7 40 03 Te 127m 541 13 5 Te 127 2 70 00 2 78 03 6 29 00 541 13 5 1 129 5 18E 01 6 66E 04 1 26E 02 I 129 10000 100000 129 1 70E 02 1 78 05 4 44E 03 Te 129m 16 2 13 5 I 131 3 44E 01 3 55E 04 2 07E 02 I 131 81 1 13 5 Te 13
43. 05 1 48E 04 Sb 124 6 02E 01 1 80E 00 3 39E 01 5 47E 04 2 37E 04 1 125 6 01E 01 4 20E 02 1 93E 03 1 37E 05 5 18E 03 Te 125m 5 80E 01 3 55E 02 1 68E 03 1 15E 05 1 26E 04 Sb 125 1 01E 03 4 30E 01 7 47E 02 1 36E 04 1 78E 04 Sn 125 9 64E 00 3 11E 01 5 85E 02 9 62E 05 1 15E 04 Sb 126 1 24E 01 2 83E 00 5 07E 01 8 89E 04 1 04E 04 Sn 126 3 65E 07 5 65E 02 7 81E 03 1 75E 05 1 04E 05 Sb 127 3 85E 00 6 85E 01 1 23E 01 2 16E 04 6 29E 03 Te 127m 1 09E 02 1 12E 02 5 44E 04 3 61E 06 2 74E 04 Te 127 3 90E 01 4 86E 03 8 95E 04 1 66E 06 4 81E 02 1 129 5 73E 09 2 46E 02 1 41E 03 8 25E 06 5 55E 04 Te 129m 3 36E 01 3 75E 02 5 74E 03 1 21E 05 2 44E 04 1 131 8 04E 00 3 80E 01 6 73E 02 1 20E 04 8 88E 03 Te 132 3 26E 00 2 33E 01 3 81E 02 7 29 05 7 40 03 133 2 19 00 4 07 02 5 07 03 1 30 05 0 00 00 133 5 25 00 4 60 02 5 77E 03 1 47E 05 0 00E 00 Cs 134 7 52E 02 1 55E 00 2 80E 01 4 86E 04 3 37E 04 Cs 135 8 40E 08 0 00E 00 2 09E 06 1 06E 08 1 15E 04 Cs 137 1 10E 04 5 69E 02 1 07E 01 1 77E 04 3 59E 04 Ba 140 1 27E 01 1 82E 01 3 17E 02 5 75E 05 1 89E 04 89 Lung Marrow Nuclide Inhalation Inhalation Inhalation COMIDA Limit 2 Limit Name rem Ci rem Ci rem Ci Name Ci Ci Tc 99 3 40E 01 1 15 05 3 15 01 99 1080 24 3 Rh 102 9 62E 03 7 40E 04 1 11 04 Rh 102 13 5 13 5 103 3 07
44. 1 07E 04 Y 91 8 11 8 11 Zr 93 8 51E 00 9 99E 03 2 15E 03 Zr 93 1080 5 41 Zr 95 5 92E 02 1 15 05 8 51 03 71 95 27 24 3 Nb 94 4 44 03 2 07E 05 1 26E 04 Nb 94 16 2 16 2 Nb 95m 3 03E 01 2 00E 04 2 37E 02 Nb 95m 27 24 3 Nb 95 2 22E 02 3 52E 04 1 52 03 Nb 95 27 27 Mo 99 5 66E 01 1 99E 04 1 72E 02 Mo 99 16 2 13 5 88 Photon Effective Nuclide Half Life Energy Cloudshine Groundshine Inhalation Name days MeV rem m Ci sec _ rem m yCi day _ rem Ci Tc 99 7 77 07 0 00 00 5 99 06 2 49 08 1 48E 04 Rh 102 1 06E 03 2 13E 00 3 85E 01 6 65E 04 2 55E 04 Ru 103 3 93E 01 4 70E 01 8 33E 02 1 48E 04 8 89E 03 Ru 106 3 68E 02 2 01E 01 3 85E 02 6 78E 05 1 04E 05 Pd 107 2 37E 09 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 3 15E 02 Cd 109 4 64E 02 2 64E 02 1 09E 03 7 19 06 2 44 04 Ag 111 7 45 00 2 63 02 4 77E 03 8 54 06 5 55 03 In 111 2 83 00 4 05 01 6 88E 02 1 25 04 8 51E 02 Cd 113m 4 96E 03 0 00E 00 2 57E 05 8 41 E 08 1 92E 05 Sn 113 1 15E 02 2 28E 02 1 41 03 6 81 06 9 99E 03 In 114m 4 95E 01 9 42E 02 1 55 02 2 93 05 2 26 04 Cd 115m 4 46E 01 2 19E 02 4 33E 03 7 48E 06 3 63E 03 Sn 119m 2 93E 02 1 15E 02 3 74E 04 3 32E 06 8 14E 03 Sn 121m 2 01E 04 4 94E 03 2 23E 04 1 56E 06 1 67E 04 Sn 123 1 29E 02 6 88E 03 1 49E 03 2 68E 06 3 00E 04 Te 123m 1 20E 02 1 48E 01 2 41E 02 4 57E
45. 100 00 Figure D 2 Departure of National Average Traffic Densities from Historical Values DISTRIBUTION Sandia Internal 6765 MS 0718 D Miller 6760 MS 0719 J Danneels 6774 MS 0747 K Sorenson 6765 MS 0718 R Weiner 5 9612 MS 0899 Central Technical Library 2 115
46. 2 2 52E 02 3 70E 04 8 14E 02 Te 132 10 8 10 8 Xe 133m 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 NONE 16 2 13 5 133 0 00 00 0 00 00 0 00 00 NONE 541 541 Cs 134 7 40E 03 1 78E 05 1 15 04 Cs 134 16 2 13 5 Cs 135 8 51E 02 8 51E 04 6 66E 02 Cs 135 1080 24 3 Cs 137 5 55E 03 2 18E 05 6 29E 03 Cs 137 54 1 13 5 Ba 140 1 89E 02 1 30 05 2 37E 03 Ba 140 10 8 10 8 90 Photon Effective Nuclide Half Life Energy Cloudshine Groundshine Inhalation Name days MeV rem m Ci sec rem m uCi day Ce 141 3 25 01 7 61 02 1 27 02 2 36 05 1 1SE 04 Pr 143 1 36E 01 8 90E 09 7 77E 05 2 24E 07 8 14E 03 Ce 144 2 84E 02 5 27E 02 1 04E 02 1 88E 05 1 33E 05 Pm 146 2 02E 03 7 53E 01 1 33E 01 2 37E 04 7 77E 04 Nd 147 1 10 01 1 40E 01 2 29E 02 4 44E 05 7 77E 03 Pm 147 9 58 02 4 37E 06 2 56E 06 1 09E 08 1 85E 04 Sm 147 3 87E 13 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 3 55E 07 Pm 148m 4 13E 01 1 99E 00 3 58E 01 6 27E 04 1 89E 04 Sm 151 3 29E 04 1 34E 05 1 34E 07 1 61E 09 1 48E 04 Eu 152 4 87E 03 1 14E 00 2 09E 01 3 52 04 1 55E 05 Gd 153 2 42E 02 1 05E 01 1 37E 02 3 39E 05 7 77E 03 Eu 154 3 21E 03 1 22E 00 2 27E 01 3 80E 04 1 96E 05 Eu 155 1 81E 03 6 05E 02 9 21 03 1 89 05 2 55 04 Eu 156 1 52E 01 1 31E 00 2 50E 01 3 93E 04 1 26E 04 Tb 160 7 23E 01 1 12E 00 2 05E 01 3 45E 04 2 59E 04 Ho 166m
47. 251 151 7 242 Length km 541 288 589 338 19 730 171 294 792 383 50 277 349 1236 95 1002 352 674 256 230 362 Traffic Density vehicles hr 3784 4208 7914 4051 3350 7340 2157 6100 4648 4376 3075 4527 3347 4002 1063 4241 2778 4121 3940 2129 5624 Urban Zone m 2800 vehicles 35 90 50 145 183 1205 45 127 20 34 162 208 23 80 118 230 66 360 56 196 10 40 62 225 20 58 43 508 62 29 51 476 1 88 47 130 41 142 24 5 101 206 Table D 4 State by State Traffic Densities Divided into Population Density Zones U S Highways U S Highways Rural Zone Suburban Zone Urban Zone Traffic Departure from Traffic Departure from Traffic Departure from State Density Tuis Value pus Density Value puc Density Historic Value EAM vehicles hr 470 vehicles hr vehicles hr 780 vehicles hr vehicles hr 2800 vehicles hr Alabama 313 33 2888 607 22 2650 1077 62 230 Arizona 169 6496 2296 364 5396 348 2718 3 109 California 628 3496 1401 2231 18696 483 5771 10696 455 Colorado 320 32 4953 665 15 1250 1069 62 389 Delaware 800 7096 69 1134 4596 217 1712 3996 63 Georgia lowa 280 4096 3627 306 6196 1073 481 8396 262 Maryland 915 95 302 1156 48 365 1634 42 161 Michigan 471 096 1911 786 196 1268 1771 37 237 Minnesota 249 47 3768 523 33 1393 1323 53 296 Nebraska 161 6696 4827 289 63 1014 857 69 177 New Jersey 916 95 124 948 21 656 1521 4
48. 3 Co 58 7 08 01 9 75 01 1 76 01 3 04 04 5 92 03 59 4 45 01 1 19 00 2 21 01 3 58 04 1 37 04 Ni 59 2 74E 07 2 41E 03 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 4 81 02 86 60 1 92 03 2 50E 00 4 66 01 7 51 04 3 70E 04 Ni 63 3 50E 04 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 1 78E 03 Zn 65 2 44E 02 5 84E 01 1 07E 01 1 77E 04 5 92E 03 Ga 67 3 26E 00 1 58E 01 2 66E 02 4 76E 05 8 88 02 85 3 91 03 2 21 03 4 40E 04 8 44E 07 0 00 00 Rb 86 1 87E 01 9 45E 02 1 78E 02 2 98E 05 3 44E 03 Rb 87 1 72E 13 0 00E 00 6 73E 06 2 81E 08 1 85E 03 Sr 89 5 05E 01 8 45E 05 2 86E 04 7 26E 07 2 26 04 Sr 90 1 06E 04 0 00E 00 2 79E 05 9 08E 08 1 33E 05 Y 90 2 67E 00 1 69E 06 7 03E 04 1 70E 06 5 18E 03 Y 91 5 85E 01 3 61E 03 9 62E 04 1 84 06 2 63E 04 Zr 93 5 58E 08 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 3 70E 04 Zr 95 6 40E 01 7 39E 01 1 33E 01 2 31E 04 1 78E 04 Nb 94 7 4 E 06 1 57E 00 2 85E 01 4 89E 04 4 07E 04 Nb 95m 3 61E 00 6 83E 02 1 08E 02 2 00E 05 2 92E 03 Nb 95 3 52E 01 7 66E 01 1 38E 01 2 39E 04 5 55E 03 Mo 99 2 75E 00 2 60E 01 4 60E 02 8 09E 05 3 36E 03 87 Lung Marrow Nuclide Inhalation Inhalation Inhalation COMIDA A1 Limit A2 Limit Name rem Ci rem Ci rem Ci Name Ci Ci H 3 WTR 6 66E 01 6 66E 01 6 66E 01
49. 36 01 1 98 02 3 84E 05 1 18E 07 Pu 236 1 04E 03 2 09E 03 2 35E 05 3 14E 07 7 40 07 U 236 8 55E 09 1 57E 03 1 85E 05 2 08E 07 1 18E 07 Np 237 7 82 08 3 43E 02 3 81E 03 9 17E 06 8 51E 07 Pu 237 4 53E 01 5 23E 02 7 47 03 1 49 05 1 30 03 U 237 6 75 00 1 42 01 2 21E 02 4 25E 05 6 29E 03 Np 238 2 12E 00 5 50E 01 1 01E 01 1 69E 04 7 77E 03 Pu 238 3 20E 04 1 81E 03 1 81 05 2 68 07 1 70 08 U 238 1 63 12 1 36 03 1 26 05 1 76 07 1 07 07 Np 239 2 36 00 1 72E 01 2 85E 02 5 21 E 05 3 44 03 239 8 78E 06 7 96E 04 1 57E 05 1 17E 07 1 85E 08 Pu 240 2 39E 06 1 73E 03 1 76E 05 2 57E 07 1 85E 08 Am 241 1 58E 05 3 24 02 3 03 03 8 79 06 1 55E 08 Pu 241 5 26E 03 2 54E 06 2 68E 07 6 17E 10 3 33E 06 Am 242m 5 55E 04 5 11E 03 1 17E 04 9 65E 07 1 37E 08 Cm 242 1 63E 02 1 83E 03 2 11E 05 3 06E 07 1 92E 07 Pu 242 1 37E 08 1 44E 03 1 48E 05 2 13E 07 1 78E 08 Am 243 2 69E 06 5 59E 02 8 07E 03 1 71E 05 1 52E 08 Cm 243 1 04E 04 1 34E 01 2 18E 02 4 00E 05 1 15E 08 Cm 244 6 61E 03 1 70E 03 1 82E 05 2 81E 07 9 99E 07 Pu 244 3 01E 10 1 22E 03 1 10E 05 1 78E 07 1 74E 08 Cm 245 3 10E 06 9 55E 03 1 47E 02 2 78E 05 1 55E 08 93 Lung Marrow Nuclide Inhalation Inhalation Inhalation COMIDA Limit 2 Limit Name rem Ci rem Ci rem Ci Name Ci Ci Th 227 1 04E 05 2 59E 08 1 22
50. 5E 04 4 44E 02 Pr 143 108 13 5 Ce 144 6 29E 03 6 66E 05 5 18E 04 Ce 144 5 41 5 41 Pm 146 6 29E 03 9 99 04 1 92E 04 Pm 146 5 0 5 Nd 147 1 70E 01 5 55E 04 7 03E 02 Nd 147 108 13 5 147 1 48E 00 7 03E 04 4 81E 03 147 1080 24 3 Sm 147 1 18E 03 1 70 07 4 07 06 Sm 147 100000 100000 Pm 148m 4 81 02 1 15 05 7 40E 03 Pm 148m 13 5 13 5 Sm 151 5 18 01 1 11E 04 1 81E 03 Sm 151 1080 108 Eu 152 1 37E 04 1 44E 05 2 59E 05 Eu 152 24 3 24 3 Gd 153 8 51E 01 4 07E 04 3 44E 03 Gd 153 270 135 Eu 154 1 22 04 2 92E 05 3 70E 04 Eu 154 21 6 13 5 Eu 155 3 11E 02 6 66E 04 5 55E 03 Eu 155 541 54 1 Eu 156 1 59 02 8 14E 04 2 33E 03 Eu 156 16 2 13 5 Tb 160 4 44E 02 1 67E 05 1 04E 04 Tb 160 24 3 13 5 Ho 166m 3 59 04 2 07 05 3 55E 04 Ho 166m 16 2 8 11 Tm 170 3 22E 02 1 78E 05 1 70E 04 Tm 170 108 13 5 Hf 175 1 70 02 2 52E 04 2 59 03 175 81 1 81 1 Hf 181 2 04 02 1 37E 05 4 07E 03 Hf 181 54 1 24 3 W 181 1 18 03 1 96 05 5 18 03 W 181 811 811 Ta 182 1 18 03 1 96 05 5 18 03 182 21 6 13 5 W 185 9 25 00 7 77 01 1 63E 02 W 185 1080 24 3 W 188 2 96E 01 9 62E 01 1 07E 03 W 188 5 41 5 41 Ir 192 8 51E 02 1 33E 05 2 55E 03 Ir 192 27 13 5 T1 202 3 70 02 4 07 02 4 44E 02 T1 202 54 1 54 1 T1 204 8 51 02 9 25 02 8 51 02 1 204 108 13 5 1 210 1 74 02 2 85E 06 1 70E 02 Bi 210 16 2 13 5 Pb 210 2 41E 05 1 81E 07 1 22E 06 Pb 210 16 2 0 243 Po 210 1 81 05 9 62 07 1 67 06
51. 6 478 New Mexico 175 6396 4693 450 42 759 563 80 93 New York 290 3896 829 453 42 1022 887 68 296 North Dakota 129 7396 2233 182 77 348 666 76 21 Ohio 363 2396 2225 551 2996 2029 816 7196 774 Oklahoma 279 4196 3911 354 5596 1234 716 74 132 Tennessee Utah 386 1896 1585 509 35 328 1147 59 135 Vermont 288 3996 467 377 52 451 422 85 66 Washington 322 31 1883 482 38 763 718 74 140 These states only provided interstate highway data U S highway data was not available 109 Average Regional Traffic Densities Tables D 5 and D 6 were constructed by taking existing data for all of the states within each region and distance averaging them into the three familiar zone types It is important to note that these values should be seen only as an approximation of the final traffic density values for each region in Region 6 for example Texas will eventually play a major role in defining the traffic densities of the region National Average Traffic Densities Tables D 7 and D 8 display the results obtained when the state wide data are distance averaged over the entire country These are the results that directly compare with the historical values found in Table D 1 110 Table D 5 Average Regional Traffic Densities Divided into Population Density Zones Interstate Highways Interstate Highways Rural Zone Suburban Zone Urban Zone Traffic Departure from Traffic Departure from Traffic Departure from Region D
52. 6 South Dakota 5 36E 06 Louisiana 3 29E 06 Tennessee 3 00E 06 Maine 2 85E 06 Texas 1 11E 05 Maryland 2 91E 06 Utah 2 04E 06 Massachusetts 4 09E 06 Vt NH 1 16E 06 Michigan 1 57E 06 Virginia 2 67 E 06 Minnesota 1 20E 06 Washington 6 91E 06 Mississippi 1 43 06 W Virginia 1 55E 06 Missouri 1 50E 06 Wisconsin 1 79E 06 Wyoming 5 21E 06 Type A pull down menu allows the designation of the road type as Interstate Primary Highway or Secondary Road for the Highway Mode This is shown in Figure 14 in the Type column The designation Other is for rail and barge routes only The RADTRAN code uses this designation Farm Fraction A fraction of land on rural route segments can be designated as farmland and this fraction is then used in RADTRAN to calculate ingestion dose in the event of an accident If you designate a farmland fraction on a suburban or urban route segment RADTRAN will not read it If you wish to designate a farmland fraction for a suburban link simply designate that link as rural Farm fraction is shown in Figure 14 in the Farm Fraction column 33 1 Radcat 2 3 Project Panthro New Mexico Truck Routing File Edit F a a B X B 8 Title Package Radionuclides Vehicle Link Stop Handling Accident Parameters Accident Rate accidents veh km Fatalities per Accident Zone Type Farm Fraction 1 20E 07 1 20 00 Rural Primary Highway 1 20E 07 1 20 00 Rural Secondary Road 1 26E 07 5 00 01 Suburban
53. 7 10E 02 1 00E 03 6 00E 02 1 00E 04 1 20E 04 2 30E 00 5 70E 01 201 5 80E 02 6 90E 02 7 70E 02 1 10E 03 6 50E 02 1 10E 04 1 30E 04 2 60E 00 6 30E 01 241 6 60E 02 1 10E 03 8 60E 02 1 30E 03 7 30E 02 1 00 04 1 30E 04 3 90E 00 9 70E 01 271 7 20E 02 3 00E 03 9 50E 02 1 40E 03 8 00E 02 1 30E 04 1 60E 04 1 00 01 2 50E 02 301 3 70E 02 4 40E 02 4 40E 02 6 40E 02 4 00E 02 7 90E 02 9 40E 02 3 30E 01 8 20E 00 Julian Na 22 Thyroid Backyard Farmer Dose Values Date CROP1 CROP2 CROP3 CROP4 CROP5 CROP6 CROP7 CROP8 CROP9 1 2 10 01 2 50 01 2 50E 01 3 60E 01 2 30E 01 1 00 03 1 20 03 2 70 01 6 70 00 61 3 80E 01 4 60E 01 4 50E 01 6 70E 01 4 10E 01 2 30E 03 2 70E 03 2 70E 01 6 70 00 121 3 10 02 3 40E 02 4 30E 02 6 30E 02 3 60E 02 8 30E 03 9 90E 03 1 30E 00 3 30E 01 151 3 90E 02 4 10 02 5 10E 02 7 40E 02 4 30E 02 9 00E 03 1 10E 04 1 60E 00 4 00E 01 181 4 40E 02 4 90E 02 5 70E 02 8 40E 02 4 90E 02 8 40E 03 1 00E 04 1 90E 00 4 60E 01 201 4 70E 02 5 60E 02 6 20E 02 9 10E 02 5 20E 02 8 80E 03 1 10E 04 2 10E 00 5 10E 01 241 5 30E 02 9 00E 02 7 00E 02 1 00E 03 5 90E 02 8 40E 03 1 00E 04 3 20E 00 7 80E 01 271 5 80E 02 2 40E 03 7 60E 02 1 10E 03 6 50E 02 1 10E 04 1 30E 04 8 10E 00
54. 70 65 113 105 113 105 GA 70 65 65 65 113 105 105 105 75 Trucks 121 trucks ID 65 75 65 65 105 121 105 105 65 Trucks 105 trucks IL 55 55 65 55 88 88 105 88 65 Trucks 105 trucks IN 60 55 55 55 97 88 88 88 IA 65 55 65 55 105 88 105 88 KS 70 70 70 65 113 113 113 105 KY 65 65 65 55 105 105 105 88 LA 70 70 70 65 113 113 113 105 ME 65 65 65 60 105 105 105 97 MD 65 65 65 55 105 105 105 88 MA 65 65 65 55 105 105 105 88 MI 70 Trucks 113 trucks 55 65 70 55 88 105 113 88 MN 70 65 65 55 113 105 105 88 MS 70 70 70 65 113 113 113 105 MO 70 60 70 65 113 97 113 105 MT 75 Trucks Day 70 Day 70 121 trucks Day 113 Day 113 65 65 Night 65 Night 65 105 105 night 105 night 105 NE 75 65 65 60 121 105 105 97 NV 75 65 70 70 121 105 113 113 28 Table 1 continued Speed Limit miles hour Speed Limit kilometers hour Interstate Other Interstate Other limited Other limited Other State Rural Urban access roads Rural Urban access roads NH 65 65 55 55 105 105 88 88 NJ 65 55 65 55 105 88 105 88 NM 75 75 65 55 121 121 105 88 NY 65 65 65 55 105 105 105 88 NC 70 70 70 55 113 113 113 88 ND 75 75 70 65 121 121 113 105 OH 65 Trucks 105 trucks 55 65 55 55 88 105 88 88 OK 75 70 70 70 121 113 113 113 OR 65 Trucks 105 trucks 55 55 55 55 88 88 88 88 PA 65 55 65 55 105 88 105 88 RI 65 55 55 55 105 88 88 88 SC 70 70 60 55 113 113 97 88 SD 75 75 65 65 121 121 105 105 TN 70 70 70 65 113 113 113 105 TX 4 Day Day T0 60
55. 90E 04 61 3 60E 04 4 20E 04 4 20E 04 6 20E 04 3 80E 04 2 40E 01 2 80E 01 2 80E 05 6 90E 04 121 5 50E 02 6 00E 02 7 50E 02 1 10E 01 6 40E 02 8 80E 01 1 10E 00 2 20E 04 5 30E 03 151 5 90E 02 6 40E 02 7 80E 02 1 10E 01 6 60E 02 1 00E 00 1 20E 00 2 30E 04 5 80E 03 181 6 00E 02 6 80E 02 7 90E 02 1 20E 01 6 70E 02 8 80E 01 1 10E 00 2 50E 04 6 10E 03 201 6 10E 02 7 20E 02 7 90E 02 1 20E 01 6 70E 02 9 30E 01 1 10E 00 2 60E 04 6 40E 03 241 6 10E 02 1 00E 01 7 90E 02 1 20E 01 6 70E 02 8 70E 01 1 00E 00 3 60E 04 8 80E 03 271 6 10 02 2 50E 01 8 00E 02 1 20E 01 6 80E 02 1 10E 00 1 30E 00 8 50 04 2 10E 02 301 3 20E 04 3 80E 04 3 80E 04 5 60E 04 3 50E 04 6 50E 02 7 80E 02 2 80E 05 6 90E 04 Julian Na 22 Remainder Societal Dose Values Date CROP1 CROP2 CROP3 CROP4 CROPS CROP6 CROP7 CROPS CROP9 1 4 30E 04 5 10E 04 5 10E 04 7 50E 04 4 70E 04 1 30E 01 1 60 01 3 60E 05 8 80E 04 61 4 50E 04 5 40E 04 5 40E 04 7 90E 04 4 90E 04 3 00E 01 3 60E 01 3 60E 05 8 80E 04 121 7 00E 02 7 70E 02 9 60E 02 1 40E 01 8 10E 02 1 10E 00 1 30E 00 2 70E 04 6 80E 03 151 7 60E 02 8 10E 02 9 90E 02 1 50E 01 8 40E 02 1 30 00 1 50 00 3 00E 04 7 30E 03 181 7 70 02 8 60E 02 1 00E 01 1 50E 01 8 50E 02 1 10E 00 1 30E 00 3 10 04 7 70 03 201 7 70 02 9 20E 02 1 00E 01 1 50E 01 8 60E 02 1 20E 00
56. Accident Parameters Radionuclide Phys Chem Gr Curies Part 2 00 01 2 User Defined Radionuclides Mame Half Life days Photon Energy MeV Cloudshine Rem m Ci sec Groundshine Rem m p 2 19 03 1 79E 03 770 0 00500 Add User Defined Radionuclide Remove User Defined Radionuclide Os 194 ISOTOPE_2 Modify User Defined Radionuclides Add User Defined Radionuclide gt lt Remove Radionuclide Figure 8 Radionuclides Tab with User Defined Radionuclides window Half lives may be found in the Chart of the Nuclides or the International Commission on Radiological Protection ICRP Publication 38 and dose conversion factors may be found in the Health Physics Handbook Federal Guidance reports 12 and 13 ICRP Publication 72 and similar references Dose conversion factors for radionuclides in the internal RADTRAN library are provided in Appendix B Enter values for Half life in days Photon Energy in MeV Groundshine DCF 0 000304 Cloudshine Dose Conversion Factor DCF in rem m Ci sec Groundshine DCF in rem m uCi day Inhalation DCF in rem Ci Gonad Inhalation DCF in rem Ci Lung Inhalation DCF in rem Ci and 20 e Marrow Inhalation DCF in rem Ci Make sure you use the appropriate units A value larger than zero for the half life must be used for every user defined radionuclide RADTRAN will not run if there is a radionuclide with a half life of zero or with a negative ha
57. E 06 Th 227 243 0 27 Ra 228 1 85E 06 2 92E 07 1 92E 06 Ra 228 16 2 1 08 Th 228 1 30E 07 6 66E 08 3 29E 07 Th 228 8 11 0 0108 Th 229 1 22 08 4 44E 08 2 78E 07 Th 229 8 11 0 000811 Th 230 7 03E 07 2 60E 05 1 41E 07 Th 230 54 1 0 00541 Pa 231 1 52E 04 1 07E 08 9 25E 06 Pa 231 16 2 0 00162 Th 232 7 77E 07 7 40E 07 1 18E 07 Th 232 100000 100000 U 232 4 81E 06 1 44E 08 2 29E 06 U 232 81 1 0 00811 Pa 233 3 40E 01 9 25 04 1 37 03 233 135 24 3 U 233 5 18 05 9 99E 07 3 18E 05 U 233 270 0 027 Th 234 5 92E 02 1 70E 05 7 03E 03 Th 234 5 41 5 41 U 234 5 18E 05 9 62E 07 3 15E 05 U 234 270 0 027 Np 235 4 07E 02 5 92E 03 1 04E 03 Np 235 1080 1080 U 235 4 81E 05 8 51 07 2 92E 05 U 235 100000 100000 Np 236a 8 88E 06 5 92E 05 1 67E 05 Np 236a 189 0 027 Pu 236 2 37E 07 1 33E 08 1 26E 07 Pu 236 189 0 0189 U 236 4 81E 05 8 88E 07 2 96E 05 U 236 270 0 027 Np 237 5 18E 07 9 99E 07 1 04E 07 Np 237 54 1 0 00541 Pu 237 6 29E 01 8 51E 03 4 81E 02 Pu 237 541 541 U 237 1 44E 01 4 44E 04 1 33E 02 U 237 5 0 5 Np 238 3 44 03 1 96 04 9 99 02 Np 238 5 0 5 Pu 238 7 03E 07 1 26E 08 1 37E 07 Pu 238 54 1 0 00541 U 238 4 44E 05 8 14E 07 2 92E 05 U 238 100000 100000 Np 239 3 70E 01 2 33E 04 1 30E 02 Np 239 162 13 5 Pu 239 7 77 07 1 11 08 1 30 07 Pu 239 54 1 0 00541 Pu 240 7 77E 07 1 11E 08 1 30E 07 Pu 240 54 1 0 00541 Am 241 1 22E 08 1 22E 08 8 14E 06 Am 241 54 1 0 00541 Pu 241 1 55E 06 2 85E 04 1 33E 04 Pu 241 1080 0 27 Am
58. ING OLD RADTRAN 5 FILES RADCAT has the ability to import old RADTRAN 5 input files and convert them to be run by RADTRAN version 5 5 or later versions This feature can be selected from the File pull down menu by clicking on the Import icon as shown in Figure 2 You must ensure that your input files are listed as a 4 in5 or a dat file in order for RADCAT to import and convert it properly 43 Radcat 2 3 Project Panthro Acddark Options Output Level Health Effects Figure 2 File Pull down Menu 4 SAVING AN INPUT FILE An input file may be saved at any time by clicking on the Save icon the floppy disk icon The Save As window will open and the user can save the file in the normal Windows manner Your file should be saved as a filename rml file and you will need to add the 4 extension to your filename when 11 saving it RADTRAN will run the file even if it isn t saved but the output won t make much sense Save often 5 GENERATING AN INPUT FILE WITH RADCAT If you do not wish to use RADCAT to create a RADTRAN file you may create an input file directly with a text editor The reference sheet provided in Appendix A of this user guide will assist you in creating a text input file Any input file created as a text file must be saved as a filename in5 file When a in5 file is run using the Run RADTRAN icon in RADCAT it must be imported into RADCAT using the Import utility found on the File
59. Press Washington DC Nuclear Regulatory Commission 1977 Final Environmental Statement on the Transportation of Radioactive Materials by Air and other Modes NUREG 0170 Nuclear Regulatory Commission Washington DC Ostmeyer R M 1986 A Revised Rail Stop Exposure Model for Incident Free Transport of Nuclear Waste SAND85 1722 Sandia National Laboratories Albuquerque NM 70 Randerson Darryl editor 1984 Atmospheric Science and Power Production Office of Scientific and Technical Information U S Department of Energy Washington DC Taylor J M and S L Daniel 1982 RADTRAN II Revised Computer Code to Analyze Transportation of Radioactive Material SAND80 1943 Sandia National Laboratories Albuquerque NM Tubiana M and Aurengo 2005 Dose effect relationship and estimation of the carcinogenic effects of low doses of ionising radiation the Joint Report of the Acad mie des Sciences Paris and of the Acad mie Nationale de M decine Int J Low Radiation Vol 2 pp 1 19 Solar and Meteorological Surface Observation Network SAMSON 1993 SAMSON CD Version 1 0 Help File Reference U S Department of Commerce National Climatic Data Center Ashville NC Shleien B Slaback L A Birky B K 1996 The Handbook of Health Physics and Radiological Health third Edition Williams and Wilkins Baltimore MD Yuan Y C S Y Chen B M Biwer and D J LePoire 1995 RISKIND A Co
60. Routing unsaved File Edit Xx D Title Package Radionuclides Vehicle Link Stop Handling Accident Parameters Long Dim m Dose Rate mrem h Gamma Fraction Neutron Fraction 1 30 01 9 80 01 Ed 1 00 01 5 00 01 0 00 00 0 00 00 1 00 00 0 00 00 Add Package Remove Package Figure 6 Radionuclides Tab with Package pull down menu Adding Radionuclides from the Internal Library The window just below the package pull down menu lists all of the radionuclides in the internal RADTRAN library Radionuclides from the internal library may be added to your package by clicking on the Add Library Radionuclide arrow The radioisotope name will then appear on the right hand screen Name the Physical Chemical Group to which the radionuclide belongs You may use any name you like but the name can have no more than eight alpha numeric characters and cannot contain any spaces Remember that the release behavior in the event of an accident depends on the physical chemical group gas particle volatile substance etc RADTRAN will accept up to 15 different physical chemical groups Once you have added a Physical Chemical Group name to your first radionuclide the Physical Chemical Group entry will become a pull down menu that reflects your additions so that you can select existing physical chemical groups for other entries without re typing the name each time Physical chemical groups must b
61. SANDIA REPORT SAND2006 6315 Unlimited Release Printed September 2006 Updated April 2008 RADCAT 2 3 User Guide Ruth F Weiner Douglas M Osborn Daniel Hinojosa Terence J Heames Janelle Penisten and David Orcutt Prepared by Sandia National Laboratories Albuquerque New Mexico 87185 and Livermore California 94550 Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation a Lockheed Martin Company for the United States Department of Energy s National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE AC04 94AL85000 Approved for public release further dissemination unlimited h Sandia National Laboratories Issued by Sandia National Laboratories operated for the United States Department of Energy by Sandia Corporation NOTICE This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof nor any of their employees nor any of their contractors subcontractors or their employees make any warranty express or implied or assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy completeness or usefulness of any information apparatus product or process disclosed or represent that its use would not infringe privately owned rights Reference herein to any specific commercial product process or service by trade name trademark manufacturer or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorseme
62. Secondary Road 0 00 00 1 26E 07 5 00 01 Suburban Primary Highway 0 00 00 2 50 07 2 50 01 Urban Secondary Road 0 00 00 2 50 0 2 50 01 Urban Primary Highway 0 00 00 2 50E 07 2 50 01 Urban Secondary Road Add Link Import web Tragis Figure 14 Link Tab Continued 5 4 1 Importing WebTRAGIS The current version of WebTRAGIS has a RADTRAN Data Listing feature which reports population densities persons km and distances traveled km within each population zone rural suburban and urban for each state traversed as a text file Figure 15 shows an example of a WebTRAGIS RADTRAN Data Listing text file for a truck route from West Jefferson Ohio to Hanford Washington using routing rules of highway route controlled quantities of radioactive materials 34 P WestJeff Hanford txt Notepad File Edit Format View Help TRAGIS TRAGIS Version 1 5 4 Mode H Network Version 4 0 census Data 2000 Buffer 20 800 ROUTEINFO From CITY WEST JEFFERSON E 40 From STATE OH From SUBNET To CITY HANFORD To STATE WA To SUBNET ID Rural KM 357 0 Suburban KM 7939 3 Urban KM 7 3 Total KM 443 5 Rural Pop Density 11 3 Suburban Pop Density 278 7 Urban Pop Density 2219 6 1L Rural KM 249 7 Suburban 95 5 Urban 5 7 Total 350 9 Rural Pop Density 15 8 Suburban Pop Density 291 9 Urban Pop Density 2073 8 IN Rural KM 171
63. The national average vehicle densities from the Sandia study are Interstate Highways e rural 1155 vehicles hr e suburban 2414 vehicles hr e urban 5490 vehicles hr U S Highways e rural 287 vehicles hr 30 e suburban 618 vehicles hr e urban 1711 vehicles hr Appendix D includes average regional vehicle densities from the ten Environmental Protection Agency EPA regions and average vehicle densities from 21 states More accurate vehicle densities can usually be obtained from state traffic counts Rush hour vehicle densities are assumed to double 13 Radcat 2 3 Project Panthro New Mexico Truck Routing File Edit c B Xx m Title Package Radionuclides Vehicle Link Stop Handling Accident Parameters Link Name Vehicle Length km Speed km h Population Density persons km Vehicle Density vehicles hr Persons per Vehicle MM Rural 1 Truck 1 4 20E01 80 01 6 50 02 MM Rural 2 Truck 3 1 25E02 8 80 01 7 25 02 NM Sub 1 Truck 2 1 30 01 5 60 01 2 46 03 Sub 2 Truck 1 20E01 5 60 01 1 89 03 MM Urban 1 Truck 4 11 60 00 4 50 01 3 42E03 NM Urban 2 NM_Urban_3 1 00 00 1 00 00 Add Link Import Web Tragis Figure 13 Link Tab National average vehicle densities that were used in RADTRAN in the past are Truck e rural 460 vehicles hr e suburban 780 vehicles hr e urban 2800 vehicles hr
64. al interagency ISCORS conversion factor is 5 67 x 10 LCF rem for both occupational and public exposure this has not been incorporated into RADTRAN Some useful conversion factors are 1 Sv 100 rem 1 millisievert mSv 100 mrem 1 gray Gy 100 rad 1 becquerel one disintegration per second the units of Bq are sec 1 curie Ci 3 7 x 10 Bq 5 1 PACKAGE When making a new input file or adding or deleting a package in an existing file select the Package tab When editing an existing file without adding or deleting a package the order in which the tabs are opened will not make any difference This is shown in Figure 5 Name Give your package a name in the left hand column You may delete PACKAGE 1 and substitute any name that you like A package name must be a continuous text string and may not contain any spaces Use of a linear conversion factor has been the subject of skepticism for some time The paper by Tubiana and Aurengo presents a summary and review of peer reviewed molecular biologic and epidemiologic studies that support this skeptical view 15 If you wish to transport more than one package click the Add Package bar and add as many packages as you wish You can give your added packages any names that you want to give them You will be adding packages to vehicles in a later tab The package tab is shown in Figure 5 List all the packages that you will want for this run on this tab You can ad
65. ance The standard default value is 1000 meters and is taken from NUREG 0170 NRC 1977 This parameter is the maximum perpendicular distance over which the off link dose calculations will be integrated This is shown in Figure 33 1 Radcat 2 3 Project Panthro Florida Barge Route unsaved SEE File Edit OR a J Title Package Radionuclides Vehicle Link Stop Handling Accident Parameters Parameter Value Shielding Factor For rural residents 1 00 00 Shielding Factor For suburban residents 8 70E 01 Shielding Factor For urban residents 1 80E 02 Fraction of outside air in urban buildings 5 00E 02 Fraction of urban population occupying the sidewalk 4 80 01 Fraction of urban population inside buildings 5 20 01 Ratio of pedestrians km to residential population km 6 00 00 Minimum small package dimension For handling rn 5 00 01 Distance from shipment For maximum exposure m 2 00 02 Vehicle speed For maximum exposure kmJhr 2 40ED1 Imposed regulatory limit on vehicle external dose Yes Average breathing rate m sec 3 30E 04 Cleanup Level microcuries m 2 00 01 Interdiction Threshold 4 00E01 Evacuation time For groundshine days 11 00 00 Survey interval For groudshine days 11 00 01 Occupational latent cancer fatalities per person rem 4 00 04 Public latent cancer Fatalities per person rem 5 00 04 Genetic effects per person rem public 1 00E 04 Campaign year 8 33E 02 Figure 33 Pa
66. and consistent with wind speeds about 4 to 5 m sec and classes E and F are consistent with very light winds poor dispersion and temperature inversions Any text on air pollution can provide a complete discussion of Pasquill stability class Two example references are Randerson 1984 and Wark et al 1998 Release Location This parameter allows the user to designate whether the release will be in a rural or suburban urban location Radcat 2 3 Project Panthro New Mexico Truck Routing unsaved File Edit Lx i ms Title Package Radionuclides Vehicle Link Stop Handling Accident Parameters Probability Deposition velocity Release Aerosol Respirable Isopleth P Weather Pasquill Average 2 User Defined Parameter Release Height m value 3 20E01 Release cal s 1 00 05 Cask Length m 5 02E00 Cask Radius m 7 50E 01 wind Speed at Anemometer m s 4 00 00 Anemometer Height m 1 00 01 Temperature K 2 98E02 Atmospheric Mixing Height m 1 25E03 Rate mm h Dispersion Model 1 20 00 Pasquill Stability Category Release Location D Rural Rural Urban Suburban Figure 30 Accident Weather Tab with User Defined Option 5 7 8 COMBINING THE USER DEFINED OPTION WITH ISOPLETH P As RADTRAN is currently configured the Isopleth P option can be use
67. ational transportation surveys on this website The data in Table 2 are for heavy semi detached trucks Fatalities per Accident Enter the number of fatalities per accident as shown in Figure 14 Fatality rates are usually reported by state and type of road or rail The Bureau of Transportation Statistics website provides traffic fatality information Zone A pull down menu allows the designation of each link as rural suburban or urban These designations affect certain RADTRAN calculations within the code e g rural suburban and urban areas have different shielding for residents only a rural link can be associated with a non zero farm fraction urban links allow consideration of non resident populations etc This is shown in Figure 14 in the Zone column 32 Table 2 Highway truck accidents Accidents vehicle Accidents vehicle State km State km Alabama 2 61E 06 Montana 3 78E 06 Arizona 1 70 05 Nebraska 1 96E 06 Arkansas 2 70E 06 Nevada 8 37E 06 California 3 98E 06 New Hampshire 3 46E 06 Colorado 9 58E 07 New Jersey 5 19E 06 Connecticut 2 08E 06 New Mexico 4 78E 06 Delaware 1 90E 06 New York 1 21E 06 District of Columbia 6 83E 06 North Dakota 4 78E 06 Florida 1 27E 05 North Carolina 1 15E 06 Georgia 1 40E 06 Ohio 1 63E 06 Idaho 1 55E 06 Oklahoma 7 61E 06 Illinois 6 69E 06 Oregon 1 22E 06 Indiana 5 68E 06 Pennsylvania 2 45E 06 lowa 1 32 06 Rhode Island 2 18E 06 Kansas 1 68E 06 South Carolina 1 59E 06 Kentucky 2 50E 0
68. ave As icon Your file will be saved as a file You will need to add this extension to your filename when saving it RADCAT does not automatically add the rmI extension when saving the file as seen in Figure 35 The file may be run in RADTRAN by clicking on the Run RADTRAN icon the computer icon RADTRAN can be run without saving but it highly recommended that your file be saved and saved often 67 1 Radcat 2 3 Project Panthro New Mexico Truck Routing File Edit Title Package Radionuclides Vehicle Link Run Radtran B Accident Parameters Title New Mexico Truck Routing Remarks DMO 07 14 2006 Assume only 2 Stops Assume Mo Escorts Remark Accident Options Output Level Health Effects Incident Free O1 Rem Person rem Accident O2 Latent Cancer Fatalities C SI Output 024 Figure 35 Saving a RADCAT input file When RADTRAN is run the output appears immediately on the screen and may be printed and or saved The end of a typical output is shown in Figure 36 This output file can be saved as a text file filename txt an excel file filename xls or a word document filename doc It can be saved to any folder on the computer or LAN incomplete output file indicates some error in the input file that caused RADTRAN to abort This is rare when the input file is created using RADCAT The error message that appears at the end of the output file in these ca
69. ban 2 use the suburban urban terrain coefficients 84 APPENDIX B DOSE CONVERSION FACTORS Correspondence for the radionuclide arrays l 2 10 11 Half Life days Source ICRP 38 as reported in Federal Guidance Report 13 Photon Energy MeV Source ICRP 38 this value is not used in RADTRAN 5 5 Cloud Immersion Dose Factor rem m Ci sec Source FGR 12 multiply by 3 7 10 to convert from SI units to historical units Groundshine Dose Factor rem m nCi day Source FGR 12 multiply by 3 197x10 to convert from SI units to historical units 50 year Effective Inhalation Dose Factor rem Ci Source ICRP 72 50 year Effective Inhalation Dose Type M to adult obtained from ICRP DOSE CD v 2 0 1 multiply by 3 7 10 to convert from SI units to historical units 50 year Gonad Inhalation Dose Factor rem Ci Source ICRP 72 50 year Testes Inhalation Dose Type M to adult obtained from ICRP DOSE CD v 2 0 1 multiply by 3 7 10 to convert from SI units to historical units 1 year Lung Inhalation Dose Factor rem Ci Source ICRP 72 1 Lung Inhalation Dose Type M to adult obtained from ICRP DOSE CD v 2 0 1 multiply by 3 7 10 to convert from SI units to historical units 1 year Marrow Inhalation Dose Factor rem Ci Source ICRP 72 1 year Red Marrow Inhalation Dose Type M to adult obtained from ICRP DOSE CD v 2 0 1 multiply by 3 7 10 to convert from SI units to historical units
70. ceed 10 mrem hr and thus may not use the dose rate you entered into the calculations If you want to lift this regulatory constraint select NO Remember that RADTRAN models the external dose rate as a source at the center of the package The distance between the source and the receptor must take this into account Gamma and Neutron Fractions Enter a value into either of these cells RADCAT will automatically adjust the other cell so that the sum of both is equal to 1 This is shown in Figure 9 Crew Size For highway and barge travel enter the number of crew members that will be traveling on the vehicle This is shown in Figure 10 The crew on a train in transit is sufficiently far from the radioactive cargo and is shielded by intervening rail cars so that the crew is considered to receive zero dose Therefore for rail mode neither the default values nor any numbers you may enter will be read by RADTRAN 23 Crew Distance For highway and barge travel enter the Distance in meters from the crew to the nearest surface of the cargo in the Crew Distance m column This distance is about 2 to 3 meters for large trailer rigs but may be much longer for heavy haul trucks This is shown in Figure 10 The crew on a train in transit is considered to receive zero dose Crew dose for rail shipments is the dose sustained by rail yard workers at stops along the route A barge usually has a crew of 10 Enter the average distance of the crew f
71. d elsewhere in urban areas by indexing it to the population density of the surrounding area This ratio can also serve as the ratio of non resident e g tourist urban population to resident urban population since the U S Census includes only resident population The standard default value is 6 0 which is based on empirical data from New York City Finley et al 1980 This is shown in Figures 31 32 and 33 Minimum small package dimension for handling This parameter specifies the first Package Size Threshold In RADTRAN This parameter determines the calculation of handler dose If a package is designated as small i e smaller than the standard default threshold the dose to the handler is calculated as originating in a uniform source If package dimensions exceed the threshold handler dose is calculated as directly proportional to exposure time and inversely proportional to the square of the distance from package to handler The value is standard default 0 5 Javitz 1985 This is shown in Figures 31 32 and 33 Distance from shipment for maximum exposure This parameter is used to calculate the maximum individual in transit off link dose to a member of the public It represents the minimum distance in meters perpendicular to the route from the shipment centerline to an individual standing beside the route right of way while a shipment passes The standard default value is 30 meters NRC 1977 This is shown in Fig
72. d farmer dose value charts is done with the following parameters Radionuclide Na 22 Number of Curies 1 00 C1 Release Fraction 0 012 Aerosolized Fraction 1 00 Deposition Velocity 0 01 m sec Number of Packages 1 Dispersion National Average Weather 18 Isopleths The following equation is used to determine the backyard farmer dose 9 average j D CF GC IG where D The backyard farmer dose Rem Crop The crop dose value for the i crop Sv m IG Initial ground concentration Bq m CF Conversion factor 3 7 x 10 Rem Bq Sv uCi GC Ground contamination prior to clean up uCi Then for the example listed above Average crop dose value for the effective dose 19 972 Sv m Average crop dose value for the thyroid dose 16 396 Sv m Initial ground concentration 1 00 x 10 Bq m Ground contamination prior to clean up 0 41 Severity Class 6 e 33 meters centerline downwind The results are then the following for the backyard farmer dose Hand Calculation RADTRAN 5 5 Error Effective 3 03 x 10 Rem 3 07 x 10 Rem 1 3 Thyroid 2 49 x 10 Rem 2 47 x 10 Rem 0 796 99 Societal Ingestion Dose Example Calculation With No Rainfall An example of how to calculate the societal ingestion dose is done using the following input parameters Radionuclide Na 22 Number of Curies 1 00 C1 Probability of an Accident 0 1 Release Fraction 0 01
73. d only with national average weather 54 5 8 PARAMETERS Figure 31 lists values that have historically been used in RADTRAN for a variety of parameters Any of these values can be overwritten by the user Figure 31 shows the Parameters tab for highway routes Figure 32 shows the Parameters tab for rail routes and Figure 33 shows the Parameters tab for barge routes Shielding factor for residences The shielding factor is inverse of the shielding fractions 1 a shielding factor of 1 indicates no shielding and a shielding factor of zero indicates 100 shielding The shielding factor is the fraction of ionizing radiation to which rural residents are exposed in their homes or other buildings in this zone This is shown in Figures 31 32 and 33 The standard default value is 1 0 i e no shielding for rural buildings 0 87 for suburban buildings and 0 018 for urban buildings Fraction of outside air in urban buildings This fraction represents the fraction of aerosol particles in the outside air which may be entrained in building ventilation systems 1 the fraction of particles of an external aerosol that remain in aerosol form after passing through a ventilation system to which people in urban structures are exposed The fraction of outside air in urban buildings is used to calculate the inhalation and resuspension dose to that population The standard default value of 0 05 represents a conservative average across a series of bu
74. d or delete packages only on this tab you cannot add them or delete them from other tabs Long Dimension Enter the largest dimension of the package in meters e g length of a cylinder if larger than the diameter In RADTRAN literature for historical reasons this dimension is called the critical dimension although it is not critical in the sense of nuclear criticality 15 Radcat 2 3 Project Panthro New Mexico Truck Routing unsaved File Edit a amp fs 8 Title Package Radionuclides Vehicle Link Stop Handling Accident Parameters Mame Long Dim m Dose Rate mremjh Gamma Fraction Neutron Fraction Waste 1 i 2 00E 02 5 00 01 PACKAGE 3 0 00 00 0 00 00 1 00 00 0 00 00 Add Package Remove Package Figure 5 Package Tab 16 Dose Rate Enter the external dose rate at one meter from the package surface in units of mrem hr Note that the regulations of 10 CFR Part 71 specify that the external dose rate at two meters from the package surface should not exceed 10 mrem hour This is equivalent to 13 9 mrem hr at one meter from the package surface for a critical dimension of about 5 meters If the actual dose rate is not known and one assumes that the shipper is abiding by regulations one may use the 13 mrem hr or 14 mrem hr as the external dose rate at one meter recognizing that either value is conservative This is shown in Figure 5 The Parameters tab includes a flag t
75. e for all Interstate and secondary road lane widths Description 81 STANDARD Default Value FMINCL FNOATT FREEWAY MITDDIST MITDVEL Name This keyword is applied to rail mode only and specifies the minimum number of railcar classifications or inspections per one way trip The standard default value 1s 2 since there are always at least two inspections per one way trip one at the beginning and one at the end of each trip Wooden 1986 This parameter 1s applied to passenger air mode only and specifies the Number of Flight Attendants The standard default value is 4 NRC 1977 See DISTOFF and DISTON This parameter is used to calculate the maximum individual in transit dose to a member of the public it represents the minimum perpendicular distance in meters from the shipment centerline to an individual standing beside the road or railroad while a shipment passes The standard default value is 30 0 m NRC 1977 This parameter is used to calculate the maximum individual in transit dose it represents the minimum velocity in km hr of a shipment The standard default value is 24 0 km hr 15 mph NRC 1977 See DISTOFF and DISTON Description 82 STANDARD Default Value Name This parameter is the Ratio of Pedestrian Density It is used to calculate the density of unshielded persons on sidewalks and elsewhere
76. e 9 Note that RADTRAN calculates doses and dose risks for one shipment and multiplies that result by the number of shipments The same result can be obtained as many analysts prefer to do by performing the RADTRAN analysis for one shipment and multiplying externally by the number of shipments Vehicle Size Enter the maximum dimension of the cargo section of the vehicle or of the part of the vehicle holding the packages in meters This is the critical dimension of the vehicle in RADTRAN This is shown in Figure 9 Vehicle Dose Rate Enter the external dose rate at one meter from the edge of the cargo carrying part of the vehicle in units of mrem hr Note that the regulations of 10 CFR Part 71 specify that the external dose rate at two meters from this edge should not exceed 10 mrem hour This is equivalent to 13 9 mrem hr at one meter if the largest dimension is approximately 5 meters If the actual dose rate is not known and one assumes that the shipper is abiding by regulations one may use the regulatory maximum 13 or 14 mrem hr as the external dose rate recognizing that this value is conservative This is shown in Figure 9 RADTRAN has a flag on the Parameters tab Section 5 8 Imposed regulatory limit on vehicle external dose that imposes a regulatory constraint on the shipment Selecting YES will cause RADTRAN to internally adjust the critical dimension and the dose rate so that the external dose rate at two meters does not ex
77. e entered at this screen they cannot be entered on any other screen This is shown in Figure 7 18 Enter the number of curies of the radionuclide in the Curies column 1 Radcat 2 3 Project Panthro New Mexico Truck Routing unsaved File Edit R E x B Title Package Radionuclides Vehicle Link Stop Handling Accident Parameters Waste 2 Radionuclide Phys Chem Gr Curies v Add Library Radionuclide gt Modify User Defined Radionuclides Add User Defined Radionuclide gt Remove Radionuclide Figure 7 Radionuclides Tab with Physical Chemical Group pull down menu Adding Radionuclides not in the Internal Library User Defined Radionuclides If the radionuclide you wish to add is not in the internal library it may be added to your package To do this first click on the Modify User Defined Radionuclides bar The User Defined Radionuclides screen will open In this screen you can click on the Add User Defined Radionuclides bar You may then enter the name of the radionuclide in the left hand cell in place of ISOTOPE 1 and it may be up to eight characters long and must not contain any spaces Ensure that there are no spaces in your radionuclide name This is shown in Figure 8 19 13 Radcat 2 3 Project Panthro New Mexico Truck Routing unsaved File Edit F m x b Title Package Radionuclides vehicle Link Stop Handling
78. eature in RADCAT The following Link tab inputs will still need to be filled in by the user Vehicle Speed Vehicle Density Persons per Vehicle Accident Rate Type for Highway Mode only Farm Fraction 36 KEk 13 Radcat 2 3 Project Panthro West Jefferson to Hanford unsaved File Edit RR a B X fs Title Package Radionuclides Vehicle Link Stop Handling Accident Parameters Link Name Vehicle Length km Speed km h Population Density persons km Vehicle Den RURAL ID SUBURBN ID URBAN ID RURAL IL SUBURBN IL URBAN IL RURAL SUBURBN IN URBAN RURAL I SUBURBN URBAN RURAL NE SUBURBN URBAN NE RURAL OH SUBURBN URBAN OH RURAL OR SUBURBN OR URBAN OR RURAL LIT SUBURBN UT VEHICLE 1 3 57E02 1 00 00 7 93 01 1 00 00 7 30 00 1 00 00 VEHICLE 1 2 50 02 1 00 00 VEHICLE 1 9 55601 L 00E00 VEHICLE 1 5 70 00 1 00 00 1 72 02 1 00 00 VEHICLE 1 8 00 01 1 00 00 1 32 01 1 00 00 VEHICLE 1 3 94 02 1 00 00 VEHICLE 1 9 5401 00ED0 VEHICLE 1 5 10600 L 00E00 VEHICLE 1 6 52E02 1 00 00 VEHICLE 1 7 56 01 1 00 00 VEHICLE 1 7 00 00 1 00 00 VEHICLE 1 7 82 01 1 00 00 VEHICLE 1 5 94601 00 00 VEHICLE 1 4 00 00 1 00 00 VEHICLE 1 3 01 02 1 00 00 3 22 01 1 00 00 VEHICLE 1 2 30 00 1 00 00 1 87 02 1 00 00 VEHICLE 1 5 16 01 1 00 00 1 13E01 2 79 02 2 22E03 1 58ED1 2 92 02 2 08 03 1 62 01 3 42
79. efault value for the public is 5 0 x 10 LCF rem This value based on the linear non threshold theory of radiation carcinogenesis is consistent with the recommendations of BEIR VII NRC NAS 2005 and ICRP 60 ICRP 1991 Another value for the public that may also be used is 5 67 x 10 and is consistent with the recommendations from the Interagency Steering Committee on Radiation Standards DOE 2002 The dose response relationship is 58 assumed to be a linear with no threshold in order to agree with current regulations and practice This is shown in Figures 31 32 and 33 However the joint report of the French Academies of Science and Medicine cited in Tubiana and Aurengo 2005 states Epidemiological studies have clearly shown that the carcinogenic risks of low doses 100 mSv are very small if any Radiobiological data show that the use of a linear no threshold relationship is not justified for assessing by extrapolation the risk of low doses since this extrapolation relies on the concept of a constant carcinogenic effect per unit dose which is inconsistent with radiobiological data 100 mSv 10 000 mrem 10 rem Genetic effects per person rem public This parameter specifies the Genetic Effects Conversion Factor GECF The standard default value is 1 0 x 10 genetic effects rem Although this value is consistent with the recommendations of BEIR V NRC NAS 1990 and ICRP 60 ICRP 1991 but it is questionable in lig
80. ensity Historic Value han Density Historic Value ween Density eas Value vehicles hr 470 vehicles hr vehicles hr 780 vehicles hr vehicles hr 2800 vehicles hr 1 439 7 259 726 7 230 2129 24 5 2 1015 116 1031 2094 168 1512 4163 49 734 3 2056 338 163 3655 369 314 5748 105 264 4 1427 204 2549 2776 256 1945 5611 100 428 5 1200 155 2359 2466 216 2177 4408 57 1033 6 897 91 2241 1498 92 702 3003 7 146 7 926 9796 1633 1610 10696 220 2463 1296 121 8 795 69 2943 1956 151 689 3708 32 298 9 1421 202 3062 3732 379 877 7517 16896 1350 10 1123 13996 616 2670 242 362 5624 101 206 111 Table D 6 Average Regional Traffic Densities Divided into Population Density Zones U S Highways U S Highways Rural Zone Suburban Zone Urban Zone Traffic Departure from Traffic Departure from Traffic Departure from Region Density Historic Value Density Historic Value gr Density Value rend vehicles hr 470 vehicles hr vehicles hr 780 vehicles hr vehicles hr 2800 vehicles hr 1 288 39 467 377 52 451 422 85 66 2 371 21 953 647 17 1678 1278 54 774 3 894 9096 372 1148 4796 582 1656 4196 224 4 313 34 2888 607 22 2650 1077 62 230 5 335 29 7905 606 22 4690 1104 61 1307 6 222 53 8605 391 50 1994 653 77 225 7 212 55 8454 298 62 2087 632 77 439 8 283 40 8771 551 29 1926 1072 62 545 9 343 27 3697 1449 86 830 5180 85 565 10 322 31 1883 482 38 763 718 74 140 112 TableD 7
81. eposited concentration is not in the same isopleth as the peak air concentration This equation also assumes that only one physical chemical group is used If more than one physical chemical group is used then using this equation and summing the results for each group will result in the societal ingestion dose Then for the example listed above Average crop dose value for the effective dose 2203 Sv m Average crop dose value for the lung dose 1 779 Sv m Initial ground concentration 1 00 x 10 Bq m The results are then the following for the societal ingestion dose Hand Calculation RADTRAN 5 5 Error Effective 4 67x 10 Person Rem 4 60 x 107 Person Rem 1 4 Lung 3 77 x 10 Person Rem 3 72 x 10 Person Rem 1 3 Societal Ingestion Dose Example Calculation With Rainfall An example of how to calculate the societal ingestion dose is done using the following input parameters Radionuclide Na 22 Number of Curies 1 00 C1 Probability of an Accident 0 1 Release Fraction 0 01 Aerosolized Fraction 1 00 Accident Rate 1 00 accidents km Distance Traveled 1 00 km Farm Fraction 1 00 Deposition Velocity 0 01 m sec Number of Shipments 1 Number of Packages 1 Dispersion User Defined Model 17 Isopleths Release Height 10 0 meters Rainfall 1 00 mm h Heat Release 100 000 cal sec Cask Length 3 45 meters 101 Cask Radius 2 87 meters Wind Speed 4 00 m sec Anemometer Height 10 0 m
82. er the population density in persons km as obtained from WebTRAGIS See Section 4 5 1 of this Manual for Importing WebTRAGIS Data Listings the City County data book or some other GIS system or source This is shown in Figure 13 This population density is usually provided for a band one half mile 800 meters on either side of the route Rural suburban and urban population densities are classified by WebTRAGIS according to the following scheme e rural 0 to 139 persons mi 0 to 55 persons km e suburban 139 to 3326 persons mi 55 to 1300 persons km e urban more than 3326 1300 persons km The historic RADTRAN classifications are rural 0 to 66 persons km suburban 67 to 1670 persons km e urban more than 1670 persons km National averages are approximately e rural 6 persons km suburban 720 persons km e urban 3800 persons km Population density and vehicle speed are important parameters in determining the off link incident free dose from radioactive materials transportation Population density is important in determining accident dose risk Vehicle Density Enter the vehicle density the vehicles that share the route with the radioactive cargo in vehicles per hour This is shown in Figure 13 in the Vehicle Density vehicles hr column Sandia National Laboratories has recently updated highway vehicle densities the Sandia study is reproduced in this User guide as Appendix D
83. es The breathing rate BRATE 3 30E 04 m sec of the Reference Man 70 kg adult male at light work derived from Shleien et al 1996 Table 12 6 has been used as the standard default value The value in the cited table has been converted from liters per hour to m sec This factor describes Clean Up Level which is the required level to which contaminated surfaces must be cleaned up The standard default value is the EPA guideline of 0 2 uCi m EPA 1977 This value applies to the sum of deposited activity over all radionuclides of a multi radionuclide material Analysts who justify use of more realistic values are urged to do so This parameter specifies evacuation time in days following a dispersal accident where this includes time to respond to the accident and carry out a course of action The standard default value is 24 h 1 day Mills et al 1995 analyzed 66 verified hazmat accidents in which evacuations were carried out and found that the mean evacuation time was approximately 1 hour Even when response time is added a 24 hour 1 day value for this variable is conservative This parameter defined the time of exposure to groundshine and to resuspended material Description 76 STANDARD Default Value 3 30E 04 STANDARD Default Value INTERDICT LCFCON Name This parameter specifies the Genetic Effects Conversion Factor The standard default value is 1 0E 04 genet
84. es may not be added or deleted at this screen 1 Radcat 2 3 Project Panthro New Mexico Truck Routing unsaved File Edit B a amp fs Title Package Radionuclides Vehicle Link Stop Handling Accident Parameters Probability Deposition Velocity Release Aerosol Respirable Isopleth P Weather Crud Figure 25 Accident Respirable Tab 5 7 6 ISOPLETH P RADTRAN provides two alternate methods of identifying the population that could experience the fallout from an accidental release of radioactive material The default method takes the population density in the 800 meter band on either side of the transportation route from the Links tab and applies it to the footprint of the entire plume encompassing all selected isopleths The alternate method allows a different population density to be associated with and entered for each isopleth the population densities must be obtained offline from a GIS system or some other population map The Isopleth P tab provides you with a choice between the default and the alternate method 48 Open the Isopleth P tab before you open the Weather tab The two buttons at the top of the tab provide the choice between the default population density the density in the 800 meter band and user supplied population densities This is shown in Figure 26 User supplied population densities in Isopleth P may only be used with the Average opti
85. eters Ambient Temperature 270 0 K Atmospheric Mixing Height 5 000 meters Briggs Used the Briggs dispersion model with coefficients Stability D Rural Used the rural terrain coefficients The following equation is used to determine the societal ingestion dose 9 average gt J 1 D FF AR NS NP DT where D The societal ingestion dose Person Rem Crop The crop dose value for the k crop Person Sv m IG Initial ground concentration Bq m CF Conversion factor 3 7 x 10 Rem Bq Sv Ci FF Farm Fraction AR Accident rate accident km NS Number of shipments NP Number of packages DT Distance traveled km AF Aerosolized fraction of the a severity category PA Probability of an accident for the a severity category RF Release fraction of the a severity category NC Number of curies for the j radionuclide Ci CQ The Chi Q deposited for the isopleth 1 m AD Area of the i isopleth m Area of the Gye isopleth n This equation is only valid for scenarios in which there is rainfall For meteorological conditions which no rainfall is present there is another equation that must be used in order to determine the societal ingestion dose since the peak deposited concentration is in the same isopleth as the peak air concentration This equation also assumes that only
86. etween 0 and 1 for the shielding factor for each stop This is shown in Figure 18 in the Shielding Factor column Time Enter the total time in hours for each type of stop as shown in Figure 18 in the Time h column 5 6 HANDLING Handling refers to a potential dose from the cargo packages sustained by a handler during storage loading and unloading and similar activities Doses to handlers may also be calculated using the Stop tab and parameters When making a new input file or adding or deleting a vehicle in an existing file select the Handling tab after the Vehicle tab If editing an existing file without adding or deleting a package the order in which the tabs are opened doesn t make any difference This is shown in Figure 20 Name Give each group of Handlers a Name in the left hand column A handler name must be a continuous text string and must not contain any spaces This is shown in Figure 20 in the Name column 40 Vehicle Available vehicle names are on a pull down menu in the Vehicle column seen in Figure 20 Note that vehicle names cannot be added or deleted at this tab Number of Handlers Enter the number of people in each group of handlers This is shown in Figure 20 in the Number of Handlers column Distance Enter the average distance from the radioactive cargo to the handler group whose dose from incident free transportation will be calculated This is shown in Figure 20 in the Distance m column Time E
87. exico Truck Routing unsaved File Edit amp i 8 Title Package Radionuclides Vehicle Link Stop Handling Accident Parameters Parameter Value Shielding Factor For rural residents 1 00 00 Shekingfactorforubanesdens Minimum small package dimension farhanding m 3 boo Suvermtevelforgmukhine da Distance of freeway vehicle carrying radioactive cargo to pedestrians S 0EDi Distance of freeway vehicle carrying radioactive cargo to maximum exposure distance m 8 00E02 Distance of non freeway vehicle carrying radioactive cargo to pedestrians m Z 70EOl Distance of non freeway vehicle carrying radioactive cargo to right of way edge m S D 8 5 gt i edestri gt i 3 gt gt le edestri 00E02 00EDO 00602 EE axm Feeder rection ZEE on free istance of city street vehicle carrying radioactive cargo to right of way edge 8 00 00 i 8 erpendicular distance to freeway vehicle going in opposite direction m 1 50801 erpendicular distance to non freeway vehicle going in opposite direction m 3 00 00 erpendicular distance to city vehicle going in opposite direction m 3 00 00 Perpendicular distance to all vehicles going in same direction m 4 00 00 Figure 31 Parameters Tab with Highway Mode Cleanup Level This parameter is the desired concentration in microcuries m
88. from the radioactive cargo and is shielded by intervening rail cars so that the crew is considered to receive zero dose Therefore for rail mode neither the default values nor any numbers you may enter will be read by RADTRAN Exclusive Use A pull down menu allows the user to indicate whether the vehicle is exclusive use or not This is shown in Figure 10 in the Exclusive Use column 23 5 4 LINK A link is a route segment When making a new input file or adding or deleting a vehicle in an existing file select the Link tab next after the Vehicle tab If editing an existing file without adding or deleting a package the order in which the tabs are opened doesn t make any difference This is shown in Figure 13 Note The parameter values in this screen can be provided by a routing code or a geographic information system GIS The routing code WebTRAGIS is available from Oak Ridge National Laboratory at https tragis ornl gov Figures 11 and 12 show examples of WebTRAGIS routes Figure 11 is an example of a truck route across New Mexico and Figure 12 is an example of a barge route in Florida WebTRAGIS Client Version 4 6 1 OTHERHWY Select Origin Destination Highway Routing Parameters Rail Routing Parame Block Nades Links Route Listings Route Maps L 1101515 ES CE TRUCKROUTE F Iv US HIGHWAY v INTERSTATE
89. gram since 1977 Recognition that traffic densities have changed during the past 30 years warranted reinvestigation of those traffic density figures resulting in this report Table D 1 Historical Values Used for Traffic Density in RADTRAN Calculations Population Density Zone Traffic Density 0 persons kmi 54 persons km Rural 470 vehicles hr 54 persons km 1284 persons km Suburban 780 vehicles hr 1284 persons km and up Urban 2800 vehicles hr Approach The present study was conducted by combining state traffic data which provided average traffic counts and U S Census 2000 data which allowed the geographic correlation of the traffic counts with the three familiar population density zones This process also allowed the division of traffic counts into those for two highway categories U S highways and interstate highways An additional benefit of this approach 18 that it provides the ability to define traffic densities for each state individually or to combine the values for several states along a shipment route to determine an average traffic density along that route 2000 U S Census Data U S Census http www census gov divides the entire population of the country by state subdivides it by county further subdivides it into tracts and finally includes individual census blocks as its smallest subdivision The size of census blocks is roughly of inverse proportion to the number of inhabitants in each block therefo
90. hat reads Imposed regulatory limit on vehicle external dose When the flag is on a regulatory constraint is imposed on the shipment Selecting YES will cause RADTRAN to internally adjust the package length and dose rate so that the external dose rate at two meters does not exceed 10 mrem hr and thus may be modeling a different dose rate than the one you entered If the regulatory constraint is in place RADTRAN will print a message noting this in the output If you want to lift this regulatory constraint select NO Some users prefer to lift this regulatory constraint by selecting NO so they always know exactly what they are modeling Remember that RADTRAN models the external dose rate as a virtual source at the center of the package The distance between the source and the receptor must take this into account Gamma and Neutron Fractions When you enter a value into either of these cells RADCAT will automatically adjust the other cell so that the sum is equal to 1 This is shown in Figure 5 5 2 RADIONUCLIDES Select the Radionuclides tab next after the Package tab When editing an existing file without adding or deleting a package the order in which the tabs are opened will not make any difference This is shown in Figure 6 At the upper left of the Radionuclides screen is a pull down menu of the packages you have created Select the package whose inventory you wish to specify 17 1 Radcat 2 3 Project Panthro New Mexico Truck
91. have been evacuated and are thus not exposed to the released radioactive material However RADTRAN calculates the 50 year consequence by assuming that the residents return after cleanup and are exposed without shielding to the remaining radiation for 50 years This is an exceedingly conservative assumption and yields unrealistically high doses It will be corrected in RADTRAN 6 The standard default value for the survey interval is 10 days NRC 1977 This is shown in Figures 31 32 and 33 Occupational latent cancer fatalities per person rem This parameter specifies the occupational Latent Cancer Fatality LCF conversion factor for worker exposure units are LCF s per rem The standard default value for workers is 4 0 x 10 LCF rem This value based on the linear non threshold theory of radiation carcinogenesis is consistent with the recommendations of BEIR VII NRC NAS 2005 and ICRP 60 ICRP 1991 Another value that may be used for workers is 5 67 x 10 LCF rem and is consistent with the recommendations from the Interagency Steering Committee on Radiation Standards DOE 2002 The dose response relationship 1s assumed to be a linear with no threshold in order to agree with current regulations This is shown in Figures 31 32 and 33 Public latent cancer fatalities per person rem This parameter specifies the non occupational Latent Cancer Fatality LCF conversion factor for public exposure units are LCF s per rem The standard d
92. his is shown in Figure 32 This parameter specifies the perpendicular distance i e a distance measured along a line at right angles to the line of travel of the radioactive materials shipment between the radioactive materials shipment and other traffic lanes in meters This is an average perpendicular distance between the shipment centerline and the centerline of oncoming traffic lanes This value is based on a minimum clearance between passing trains on double rail segments A rail route is any rail right of way in the U S Distance of waterway barge carrying radioactive cargo to pedestrians The standard default value is 200 meters and is taken from NUREG 0170 NRC 1977 This parameter is the minimum pedestrian walkway width for instances in which dose to pedestrians beside the link is calculated This parameter is the minimum perpendicular distance over which the off link dose calculation will be integrated This is shown in Figure 33 Distance of waterway barge carrying radioactive cargo to right of way edge The standard default value is 200 meters and is taken from NUREG 0170 NRC 1977 This parameter is the maximum pedestrian walkway width This parameter is set equal to Distance of waterway barge carrying radioactive cargo to pedestrians This means that the sidewalk width 15 zero and thus there 15 no sidewalk available This is shown in Figure 33 64 Distance of waterway barge carrying radioactive cargo to maximum exposure dist
93. ht of the Tubiana and Aurengo 2005 paper Moreover BEIR V and ICRP 60 cite no evidence for this value This is shown in Figures 31 32 and 33 Campaign This parameter specifies the duration of the shipping campaign in years The standard default value is 0 0833 years an average month in an average year or 1 12 of a year This value calculates the total number of off link persons exposed using the Census Bureau algorithm for the average length of residence in the U S This result may be used to perform external calculations of the average off link individual dose for the entire campaign Although the total number of exposed persons is calculated neither the time that each person is exposed nor the exposure time for the total group is calculated Campaign is shown in Figures 31 32 and 33 Rem per curie thyroid via inhalation This parameter is used to specify one year Committed Effective Dose Equivalent CEDE in rem per Curie to the thyroid from inhalation of radionuclides of iodine for estimation of early mortality risk Radioiodine mainly travels to and irradiates a single organ the thyroid In previous releases the 50 year CEDE was used to approximate the one year dose One year committed doses to the thyroid have been calculated directly from RADTRAN 5 This new parameter was not included in the internal radionuclide database since it would have meant adding a new column containing zeros for all radionuclides except radioiodines The
94. ic effects rem This value is consistent with the recommendations of BEIR V NRC NAS 1990 and ICRP 60 ICRP 1991 Estimates based on the only genetic effects untoward pregnancy outcome and mortality to have been documented in the atomic bomb survivors have extremely high statistical and model uncertainties Animal data which 1s more reliable consistently yield lower estimates As noted in BEIR V the recommended value is probably too high rather than too low NRC NAS 1990 p 77 This parameter specifies the threshold value for interdiction of contaminated land The standard default value is 40 i e a value 40 times greater than CULVL and it was taken from NUREG 01 70 NRC 1977 This parameter specifies the Latent Cancer Fatality Conversion Factors units are LCFs per rem The standard default values are 5 0E 04 LCF rem for the general public and 4 0E 04 LCF rem for workers They have been adjusted for low dose and low dose rate decrease in effects with a DDRRF Dose and Dose Rate Reduction Factor of 2 These values are consistent with the recommendations of BEIR VII NRC NAS 2005 and 60 ICRP 1991 The dose response relationship is assumed to be linear with no threshold in order to agree with current regulations However the majority of available data indicate that the actual dose response relationship at very low doses is likely to be considerably less and as noted in BEIR VII is not incompa
95. ie to the thyroid from inhalation of radionuclides of iodine for estimation of early mortality risk Radioiodine mainly travels to and irradiates a single organ the thyroid In previous releases of RADTRAN however the 50 year CEDE was used to approximate the 1 dose One year committed doses to the thyroid have been calculated directly for RADTRAN 5 This new parameter was not included in the internal radionuclide database since it would have meant adding a new column containing zeros for all radionuclides but the radioiodines The information has been included under the RPCTHYROID keyword instead The standard default values are 1 27E 06 for iodine 131 5 77 06 for iodine 129 and 9 25E 05 for iodine 125 This parameter is used to specify the time in days required to survey contaminated land following a dispersal accident The amount of deposited material removed by radioactive decay is calculated beginning with time of initial deposition The longer a deposited material remains on the ground the more is removed by decay and spread by forces such as wind and rain The actual elapsed time between accident occurrence and completion of a survey is impossible to determine in advance but is likely to be prolonged because of governmental and regulatory complexities The standard default value is set to an unrealistically brief but radiologically conservative 10 days NRC 1977 This parameter specifies the time in days requi
96. ilding types including residential office and industrial structures Engelmann 1990 This value 18 about five times the value for high rise buildings with air conditioning systems used by Finley et al 1980 for New York City which has been used in RADTRAN in the past This is shown in Figures 31 32 and 33 Fraction of population occupying the sidewalk This parameter is the Urban Sidewalk Fraction it specifies the fraction of population that is outdoors or the fraction of population that occupies sidewalks depending on the type of population model being used The standard default value of 0 1 is for the latter model and is taken from Finley et al 1980 This value is suitable for large cities and conservative for smaller cities This is shown in Figures 31 32 and 33 Fraction of urban population inside buildings This parameter is the Urban Building Fraction it describes either the fraction of the population that is indoors or the fraction of the area that is occupied by buildings depending on the type of population model being used The standard default value is 0 52 is for the latter model and is taken from Finley et al 1980 The value is most accurate for large cities such as New York City and is somewhat conservative for smaller cities This is shown in Figures 31 32 and 33 Ratio of pedestrians km to residential population km 55 This ratio is used to calculate the density of unshielded persons on sidewalks an
97. ile generator for the RADTRAN code The differences between RADCAT 2 3 and RADCAT 2 can be attributed to the addition of the graphical outputs and the revisions within RADTRAN 5 6 As ofthis writing the RADTRAN version in use is RADTRAN 5 6 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors wish to acknowledge the contributions of Matthew Dennis and Michelle Marincel in testing RADCAT and in performing RADCAT and RADTRAN QA They would also like to acknowledge the management support of Ken B Sorenson Jeffrey J Danneels and David R Miller as well as the management support of the Offices of Environmental Management and Civilian Radioactive Waste Management of the U S Department of Energy Table of Contents Listo PISUIES eo dedere t O anders E AAT 6 Eist of Tables yara TT 7 1 Welcome to RADTRAN RADCAT 9 2 Downloading and Checking for the Latest Version 9 3 Running RADTRAN with RADCAT 4 1 1 2 10 3 1 Importing Old RADTRAN Files 11 4 Saving an File e eec om du veo eret e Os E 11 5 Generating an Input file with RADCAT 12 DL toga 15 5 2 Radion clides cce tH ERE EE HERREN ake 17 Jo VENC I ceu san eor sa aa Ee At ME 21 SR ABE qur
98. in urban areas when the IUOPT Flag is not equal to 3 by indexing it to the population density of the surrounding area RPD is also used in the calculation of accident consequences The standard default is 6 0 which is based on empirical data from New York City Finley 1980 It means that the pedestrian density 15 six times the residential population density This figure is likely to be conservative for most other urban areas but similar data are seldom collected in other cities This parameter specifies the Rural Shielding Factor The standard default value is 1 0 i e no shielding Although even wood frame construction provides some shielding the Rural Shielding Factor is set to 1 0 to conservatively account for the fact that rural economies involve a relatively large fraction of outdoor employment farming ranching etc RR is used in incident free dose and in dose risk calculation for non dispersal accidents This parameter specifies the Suburban Shielding Factor The standard default value is 0 87 which represents a residential structure of wood frame construction Taylor and Daniel 1982 p 12 RS is used in incident free dose and in dose risk calculations for non dispersal accidents This parameter specifies the Urban Shielding Factor The standard default value is 0 018 which represents an urban commercial building constructed of concrete block Taylor and Daniel 1982 p 12 RU is used in incident free dose and in d
99. information has been included in this parameter instead The standard default values are 1 27 x 10 for Iodine 131 5 77 x 10 for Iodine 129 and 9 25 x 10 for Iodine 125 This is shown in Figures 31 32 and 33 Distance of freeway vehicle carrying radioactive cargo to pedestrians The standard default value is 30 meters and is taken from NUREG 0170 NRC 1977 This parameter is the minimum pedestrian walkway width for instances in which the dose to pedestrians beside the link 59 is calculated This parameter is the minimum perpendicular distance over which the off link dose calculation will be integrated This is shown in Figure 31 A freeway is any limited access divided highway Distance of freeway vehicle carrying radioactive cargo to right of way edge The standard default value is 30 meters and is taken from NUREG 0170 NRC 1977 This parameter is the maximum pedestrian walkway width This parameter is set equal to Distance of freeway car carrying radioactive cargo to pedestrians This means that the sidewalk width is zero and thus there is no sidewalk available This is shown in Figure 31 A freeway is any limited access divided highway Distance of freeway vehicle carrying radioactive cargo to maximum exposure distance The standard default value is 800 meters and 15 taken from NUREG 0170 NRC 1977 This parameter is the maximum perpendicular distance over which the off link dose calculations will be integrated This i
100. ing in opposite direction m o Perpendicular distance to city vehicle going in opposite direction m o Perpendicular distance to all vehicles going in the same direction m The default values for these parameters are 15m 3m 3m and 4m respectively and refer to the lane widths and distances between lane centers RADTRAN will call the first parameter if your LINK is designated as primary highway the second and third if your LINK is designated as secondary road e Estimate the distance in meters between the center of the highway lane closest to the train or barge and change the perpendicular distance to all vehicles going in the same direction m from its default of 4 meters to the value you have estimated e Add the distance between your highway lanes to that estimate and substitute that sum for the default values for the other three perpendicular distance parameters You can run RADTRAN for Incident Free only but in any case ensure that the Weather tab is set for National Average Weather and the Isopleth P tab is set for Use the default population densities Otherwise RADTRAN will not run You should select Output Level 1 the shortest output The only output result that should be taken from this modified Highway Mode is the ONLINK population dose for each link This dose is taken from the Incident Free Summary 7 SAVING RUNNING RADTRAN EXITING The input file can be saved with either the Save or the S
101. is to be added 2 Then click on the package to be added and enter the number of those packages that are to be added to the vehicle Adding the package to the vehicle adds the radionuclide contents of the package to the analysis The radionuclide content is important to the accident analysis though not to the incident free analysis Different packages may be added to a vehicle When selecting the vehicle the number of each of the packages on that vehicle shows up in the Number of Packages column If a package is not on a particular vehicle the Number of Packages column will show a zero This is shown in Figure 9 List all the desired vehicles on this tab Vehicles cannot be added on other tabs nor can they be deleted from other tabs RADTRAN can handle as many as 20 vehicles in a single run Radcat 2 3 Project Panthro New Mexico Truck Routing File Edit PF a E ms Title Package Radionuclides Vehicle Link Stop Handling Accident Parameters Vehicle Mame Number of Shipments Vehicle Size Vehicle Dose Rate mrem h Gamma Fractio 00 00 5 02 00 1 30 01 9 80 01 1 00 00 00 00 1 00 01 5 00E 01 5 00 00 00 00 1 25 01 1 00 00 1 00 00 1 00 00 1 00 00 1 00 00 6 Package Number of Packages Waste 1 1 00 00 Waste 2 0 00E00 Waste_3 Figure 9 Vehicle Tab 22 Number of Shipments Enter the number of shipments This is shown in Figur
102. lation into commercial and industrial centers Also only states whose traffic count data were readily available were considered for reporting States that do not have the capability of developing or maintaining electronic traffic counts were automatically discounted in addition to Hawaii and Alaska which were considered to be relatively free of radiological shipments In all 21 states were included in this analysis these states are shown in dark gray in Figure D 1 The figure also shows in light gray states whose data are available but for which an analysis was not completed Table D 2 United States Divided into 10 EPA Regions Region States Included in Region 1 Connecticut Massachusetts Maine New Hampshire Rhode Island Vermont 2 New Jersey New York 3 Delaware Maryland Pennsylvania Virginia West Virginia 4 Alabama Florida Georgia Kentucky Mississippi North Carolina South Carolina Tennessee 5 Illinois Indiana Michigan Minnesota Ohio Wisconsin 6 Arkansas Louisiana New Mexico Oklahoma Texas 7 Iowa Kansas Missouri Nebraska 8 Colorado Montana North Dakota South Dakota Utah 9 Arizona California Nevada 10 Idaho Oregon Washington 106 Figure D 1 States currently considered in this report dark gray and states whose data are available but for which an analysis was not completed light gray State by State Average Traffic Densities Tables D 3 and D 4 on the
103. lculation as follows e Create a new RADCAT Highway file This file will include some parameters from your rail or barge file and some that you will create for this file e You cannot just import the Rail or Barge file Create a new package and vehicle that are the same as your rail or barge package and vehicle use the rail or barge o package size o package dose rate o package gamma and neutron fractions o addat least one radionuclide It does not figure in the calculation but RADTRAN hangs up without it o vehicle size o vehicle dose rate o vehicle gamma and neutron fractions e What you put for crew parameters is up to you they do not enter into this calculation e Make a link for each segment for which the train or barge parallels the highway On the LINKS screen the Vehicle Speed will be the speed of the train or barge and you will be assuming that 66 the vehicles on the highway are going at the same speed which will make your answer slightly conservative However o Vehicle Density is the vehicle density vehicles per hour on the highway o Persons per Vehicle is the average occupancy of the vehicles on the highway o Type will be the type of highway you are considering primary highway or secondary road e The parameters on the Parameter tab that affect your calculation are o Perpendicular distance to freeway vehicle going in opposite direction m o Perpendicular distance to non freeway vehicle go
104. lf life If values for the Cloudshine dose conversion factor the Groundshine dose conversion factor and or the Inhalation dose conversion factor are not entered RADTRAN will run but will report zero for the appropriate doses If values for the Gonad Inhalation Lung Inhalation and or Marrow Inhalation dose conversion factors are not entered there will be no effect on cloudshine groundshine inhalation or resuspension collective doses but specific gonad inhalation etc doses will not be reported It is important to note that the Inhalation dose is entered as the Effective Dose in the User Defined Isotope window When you have added a user defined radionuclide the name of that radionuclide appears on the lower part of the Radionuclides tab Using the Add User Defined Radionuclide arrow under that screen you add the user defined radionuclide to your package and indicate the physical chemical group and number of curies as before If you wish to include a radionuclide in more than one Physical Chemical Group e g Co 60 as both CRUD and particulate give the radionuclide a different name for each Physical Chemical Group e g CO60 CRUD CO 60 particulate and include one or both as a User Defined Isotope Inhalation resuspension groundshine and cloudshine doses are calculated for all radionuclides both those in the internal library and those that are user defined However the ingestion dose is calculated by RADTRAN only for radi
105. meter 1000 meters or more Rainfall Rate This parameter will allow the user to incorporate wet deposition by rain or snowfall into the dispersion model It is recommended that this parameter be used for light and medium rainfall a few millimeters per hour since this model does not incorporate the surface runoff or washout which is experienced with heavy rainfall The Solar and Meteorological Surface Observation Network has the following definitions for rainfall rates Light Drizzle Up to 0 25 mm hr Medium Drizzle 0 25 to 0 51 mm hr Heavy Drizzle Greater than 0 51 mm hr Light Rainfall Up to 2 5 mm hr Medium Rainfall 2 5 to 7 6 mm hr Heavy Rainfall Greater than 7 6 mm hr 53 10 11 12 The following website can provide hourly rain data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NOAA Forecast System Laboratory http precip fsl noaa gov hourly precip html Dispersion Model This parameter will allow the user to choose between the Pasquill dispersion model or the Briggs dispersion model The former is suitable for ground level releases and the latter is better for elevated releases Stability Category This parameter will allow the user to determine which Pasquill stability class A F will be used In general classes A B and C are consistent with increasing wind speed and unstable atmospheric conditions class D is neutral the ambient lapse rate is the same as the adiabatic lapse rate
106. mputer Program for Calculating Radiological Consequences and Health Risks from Transportation of Spent Nuclear Fuel ANL EAD 1 Argonne National Laboratory Argonne IL Wark K Warner C E Davis W T 1998 Air Pollution Its Origin and Control Addison Wesley Longman Menlo Park CA Wooden D G 1986 Railroad Transportation of Spent Nuclear Fuel SAND86 7083 Sandia National Laboratories Albuquerque NM 71 APPENDIX A RADTRAN 5 REFERENCE SHEET Creating RADTRAN 5 5 Files with a Text Editor Note When creating a text file like this it must be saved with the in5 extension and then use the import feature to open itin RADCAT Key Brackets indicate an optional statement Braces indicate a required value ALL CAPS indicates a keyword that must be entered TITLE alphanumeric title INPUT STANDARD Default values or ZERO OUTPUT BQ_SV for SI Units FORM UNIT for population dose or NONUNIT for health effects DIMEN of severity categories of nondispersal accident radii of dispersal areas PARM 0 no plotting 1 plotting 1 incident free 2 accident 3 both 1 2 3 4 level of output 0 User supplied time integrated concentration isopleths and areas 1 Pasquill stability fractions 2 User defined metrological conditions SEVERITY NPOP 1 rural NMODE transport mode see Mode Chart in Table A 1 Severity Fraction 1 Severity Fraction 2 Severity Fraction 3 NPOP 2 suburban NMODE transport m
107. n LINK link identifier STOP stop identifier vehicle name population density annular or number of persons radial minimum annular radius maximum annular radius or same as minimum for radial shielding fraction stop time hr STOP stop identifier HANDLING handling identifier vehicle name number of handlers average handler distance handling time per package hr HANDLING handling identifier EOF EOI Table A 1 Mode Chart 73 Mode Number Conveyance Types Associated with Mode HIGHWAY 1 truck usually a tractor trailer also called a semi or a combination truck RAILWAY One or more railcars in a single train WATERWAY Any vessel usually barge Table A 2 Flag Chart 74 Flag Name REGCHECK Flag Description Setting this flag to 2 directs the code to work through all exposure pathways associated with atmospheric dispersal of package contents during an accident The alternative value of IACC 1 denotes non dispersal and is no longer used in RADTRAN This flag used only for rail mode denotes whether shipment is by general freight ITRAIN or by dedicated rail ITRAIN 2 This flag 1s used to select a building shielding option For the STANDARD value persons in rural buildings are not shielded 100 exposure persons in suburban dwellings are 87 exposed and persons in urban dwellings are 18 exposed Setting the IUOPT flag to 1 is equivalent
108. n Density persons km column Vehicle Available vehicle names are on a pull down menu in the Vehicle column Note that vehicle names cannot be added or deleted at this screen This is shown in Figure 13 in the Vehicle column Length Enter the length of the route segment the link in kilometers as obtained from a routing code like WebTRAGIS or from a GIS system or from a map WebTRAGIS is almost universally used See Section 4 5 1 of this Manual for Importing WebTRAGIS Data Listings This is shown in Figure 13 in the Length km column Useful conversion factors are 27 1 km 0 6217 mile 1 mile 1 608 km 1 person mi 1 person mi 1 mi 1 608 km 1 person 2 586 km Speed Enter the average speed of each vehicle on each link in km hr This is shown in Figure 13 in the Speed km h column You may use any speeds you choose Table 1 presents the state by state speed limits in both mph and kph Table 1 State by state highway speed limits Speed Limit miles hour Speed Limit kilometers hour Interstate Other Interstate Other limited Other limited Other State Rural Urban access roads Rural Urban access roads AL 70 65 65 65 113 105 105 105 AZ 75 55 55 55 121 88 88 88 AR 70 Trucks 113 trucks 65 55 60 55 105 88 97 88 70 Trucks 113 trucks CA 55 65 70 65 88 105 113 105 75 65 65 65 121 105 105 105 65 55 65 55 105 88 105 88 DE 65 55 65 55 105 88 105 88 DC NA 55 NA 25 NA 88 NA 40 FL 70 65
109. nently located at the counting site or a temporary counter which can be moved frequently among several locations most use optical or pressure sensing technology to obtain counts of passing vehicles This raw data is refined to obtain Average Annual Daily Traffic Counts AADTS for each considered public road In the case of permanent counters a yearly count total is simply divided by the number of days in the counting year to produce this value for temporary counters however the process is more complicated Because this type of counter is only present at the count location for a few hours or days during the count year the raw count data that they produce are extrapolated using a variety of weighting algorithms the contents of which are outside the scope of this report The AADT for each considered road is then integrated into an annual report This analysis used reports from the most recent count year 2003 While most states have a system in place similar to the one described above some states do not currently have such a count report These states have necessarily been unable to provide data for this traffic study and will not be included in this report This is discussed in more detail in the next bolded section Data Synthesis Once each highway is divided into rural suburban and urban portions via the GIS program the traffic count data is similarly divided into 1 6 km long portions and the average traffic density is calculated for each
110. nt recommendation or favoring by the United States Government any agency thereof or any of their contractors or subcontractors The views and opinions expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government any agency thereof or any of their contractors Printed in the United States of America This report has been reproduced directly from the best available copy Available to DOE and DOE contractors from U S Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information P O Box 62 Oak Ridge TN 37831 Telephone 865 576 8401 Facsimile 865 576 5728 E Mail reports adonis osti gov Online ordering http Avww osti gov bridge Available to the public from U S Department of Commerce National Technical Information Service 5285 Port Royal Rd Springfield VA 22161 Telephone 800 553 6847 Facsimile 703 605 6900 E Mail orders ntis fedworld gov Online order http www ntis gov help ordermethods asp 1oc 7 4 0 online SAND2006 63 15 Unlimited Release Printed September 2006 RADCAT 2 3 User Guide Ruth F Weiner Douglas M Osborn Daniel Hinojosa Terence J Heames Janelle Penisten and David Orcutt Material Transportation Risk Assessment amp Security Department Sandia National Laboratories P O Box 5800 Albuquerque NM 87185 0718 ABSTRACT This document provides a detailed discussion and a guide for the use of the RADCAT 2 3 Graphical User Interface input f
111. nt and other traffic lanes in meters This is an average perpendicular distance between the shipment centerline and the centerline of oncoming traffic lanes This value is based on a minimal road configuration of two lanes with an average lane width of 3 meters in the most typical traffic configuration A non freeway is any non limited access highway that is not a city street Perpendicular distance to city vehicle going in the opposite direction The standard default value is 3 meters and 15 taken from Madsen et al 1986 p 36 37 This is shown in Figure 31 This parameter specifies the perpendicular distance i e a distance measured along a line at right angles to the line of travel of the radioactive materials shipment between the radioactive materials shipment and other traffic lanes in meters This is an average perpendicular distance between the shipment centerline and the centerline of oncoming traffic lanes This value is based on a minimal road configuration of two lanes with an average lane width of 3 meters in the most typical traffic configuration A city street is any city street 61 Perpendicular distance of all vehicles going in the same direction The standard default value is 4 meters and is taken from Madsen et al 1986 This is shown in Figure 31 This parameter specifies the perpendicular distance i e a distance measured along a line at right angles to the line of travel of the radioactive materials shipment between
112. nter the total time in hours that each group of handlers is handling the cargo This is shown in Figure 19 in the Time h column 41 1 Radcat 2 3 Project Panthro New Mexico Truck Routing File Edit B a B amp b 6 Title Package Radionuclides Vehicle Link Stop Handling Accident Parameters Name Vehicle Number of Handlers Distance m Time h Loading 1 Truck 1 5 00 00 2 00 00 5 00E 01 Loading_2 ITruck 2 1 20E01 2 30 00 4 50E 01 Loading 3 Truck 3 3 00 00 1 20E00 5 00 01 Loading 4 Truck 4 5 00E00 2 00 00 7 00 01 Unloading 1 Truck 1 5 00E00 2 00 00 5 00E 01 Unloading_2 Truck_2 1 20E01 2 30 00 4 50E 01 Unloading 3 3 3 00 00 1 20 00 5 00E 01 Unloading_4 Truck 9 0 00 00 0 00 00 Add Handling Remove Handling Figure 20 Handling Tab 5 7 ACCIDENTS RADTRAN calculates both the risks and the consequences of accidents The Technical Manual for RADTRAN discusses the equations that underlie the risk and consequence calculations This section of the User Guide focuses on the inputs to the calculation The accident analysis requires a radionuclide inventory to be entered at the Radionuclides tab and accident rates and population densities at the Link tab If no radionuclides have been put in the input file RADTRAN will run but the accident outputs will be zeros When the Accident screen is opened seven tabs appear 42 e Pr
113. ntire database is needed please contact one of the following persons at Sandia National Laboratories Ruth Weiner Douglas Osborn Phone 505 284 8406 Phone 505 284 6416 Fax 505 844 0244 Fax 505 844 0244 Email rfweine sandia gov Email dosborn sandia gov The ingestion doses used by RADTRAN are taken from the COMIDA2 ingestion code and summed over all crop types The summed values are then averaged over the dates and divided by the initial ground concentration of 1 00 10 7 Bq m The backyard farmer dose is used to calculate a maximum individual dose with the assumption that a family of 5 is on a totally self reliant subsistence farm of 5x10 square meters 1 person per 1x10 square meters The individual backyard farmer dose is in units of Sv n and the societal dose is in units of person Sv m The following tables list values taken directly from the COMIDA ingestion file for Na 22 radionuclide Julian Na 22 Effective Backyard Farmer Dose Values Date CROP1 CROP2 CROP3 CROP4 CROP5 CROP6 CROP7 CROPS CROP9 1 2 60E 01 3 10E 01 3 10E 01 4 50 01 2 80E 01 1 30E 03 1 50E 03 3 30E 01 8 30E 00 61 4 70 01 5 60E 01 5 60E 01 8 30E 01 5 10E 01 2 80E 03 3 40E 03 3 40E 01 8 30E 00 121 3 90E 02 4 20E 02 5 30E 02 7 80 02 4 50E 02 1 00 04 1 20E 04 1 70E 00 4 10E 01 151 4 80E 02 5 10E 02 6 30E 02 9 20E 02 5 30E 02 1 10E 04 1 30E 04 2 00E 00 4 90E 01 181 5 40E 02 6 10E 02
114. oaded You may get a notice that says there is no certificate of authenticity launch the application anyway The process for applying for the certificate may not be complete JRE maintains a cache of recent RADCAT downloads with the associated date of download To view the cache or start RADCAT from the cache go to C Program Files Java jre1 6 0_01 bin and click on the coffee cup javacpl exe icon The Java Control Panel dialog box will open Click on View in the lower right hand corner of the dialog box and the Java Cache Viewer will open and show your cached RADCATs Advanced Network Settings Servers Java Application Cache Vie Proxy Address File Edit Application View HTTP wwwproxy company com Secure FTP all User System Socks Application 4 C Use same proxy server for all protocols 15 Radcat 2 2 Exceptions Network Settings Do not use proxy server for addresses beginning with M Network Proxy Settings s nections By default Java will advanced users should modify Overwrite browser proxy settings Use semicolon 2 to separate entries Use browser settings 5 Use proxy server Address xy company com Port 80 C Bypass proxy server for local addresses ations are stored in a special folder for quick execution should delete files or modify these settings Use automatic proxy configu
115. obability Deposition Velocity Release Aerosol Respirable Isopleth P Weather 5 7 4 CONDITIONAL PROBABILITIES SEVERITY FRACTIONS The Probability tab allows you to specify the conditional probability of an accident of a particular severity given that an accident happens Severity of an accident how damaging the accident is is a function of the transportation mode The probability tab is shown in Figure 21 Probability Fraction and Index The Probability Fraction is the conditional probability of an accident of a particular severity previously referred to in RADTRAN as severity fraction The Index is a numbering system for Probability Fractions and simply enumerates them note that the Index begins with zero One Probability Fraction usually the zero should represent an accident in which there is neither a release of radioactive material nor loss of gamma shielding The probability of this type of accident is usually more than 90 This is shown in Figure 21 Probability Fractions may be obtained from studies of accidents as described in the following references Sprung J L et al 2000 Reexamination of Spent Fuel Shipment Risk Estimates NUREG CR 6672 Washington D C U S Nuclear Regulatory Commission Chapter 7 pp 7 73 to 7 76 DOE U S Department of Energy 2002 Final Environmental Impact Statement for a Geologic Repository for the Disposal of Spent Nuclear Fuel and High Level Radioactive Waste at Yucca Mo
116. ode see Mode Chart in Table A 1 Severity Fraction 1 Severity Fraction 2 Severity Fraction 3 NPOP 3 urban NMODE transport mode see Mode Chart in Table A 1 Severity Fraction 1 Severity Fraction 2 Severity Fraction 3 RELEASE GROUP group name RFRAC Release Fraction 1 Release Fraction 2 Release Fraction 3 AERSOL Aerosol Fraction 1 Aerosol Fraction 2 Aerosol Fraction 3 RESP Respirable Fraction 1 Respirable Fraction 2 Respirable Fraction 3 LOS Loss of Shielding Fraction 1 Loss of Shielding Fraction 2 DEPVEL Deposition Velocity of Group m s GROUP ISOPLETHP Population density of isopleth 1 Population density of isopleth 2 AREADA Area of Isopleth 1 m Area of Isopleth 2 DFLEV Dilution Factor for Isopleth 1 Dilution Factor for Isopleth 2 CLINE Center Line Distance for Isopleth 1 m Center Line Distance for Isopleth 2 PSPROB 72 Pasquill Category A Fraction Pasquill Category B Fraction RISKIND See Definitions for Input to the RISKIND Dispersion Model amp amp USE RADTRAN REL HT HEAT REL SRC WDTH SRC HT 0 10 0 100000 3 45 2 87 amp amp WS ANEM HT AMB T HT MIX RAIN RT 4 0 10 0 298 0 5000 0 0 amp amp Pasquill 1 Briggs 2 Stability A 1 through F 6 1 4 amp amp Rural 1 Urban Suburban 2 2 DEFINE Radionuclide Name Half life days Photon Energy MeV disinteg
117. on Effective release height is generally the elevation at which the plume begins to move downwind Heat Release calories sec This parameter allows the user to incorporate the amount of thermally induced buoyancy and momentum that will affect the effective release height Cask Length m This cask length should be the same as the largest cask dimension indicated on the Package screen Cask Radius m This cask radius should be the same as indicated on the Package screen Wind Speed at Anemometer m sec This parameter will allow the user to specify the wind speed at an anemometer reading site Anemometer Height m This parameter will allow the user to correlate the anemometer wind speed with the wind speed at the effective release height usually 10 meters Ambient Temperature degrees Kelvin K This parameter adjusts the plume rise accordingly to adiabatic and potential temperature lapse rates 293 K 20 C 68 F 273 K 0 C 32 F Atmospheric Mixing Height m This parameter will allow the user to define the height to which the atmosphere is uniformly mixed which is the de facto height to which the plume will rise The mixing height can be determined analytically by finding the height above the ground of the intersection of the ambient temperature profile with the dry adiabatic lapse rate If there is no temperature inversion the mixing height can be infinite but is often entered as kilo
118. on on the Weather tab If Specify your own population densities is selected a population density must be added for each isopleth area by adding or removing population densities with the Add Isopleth P or Remove Isopleth P buttons respectively If Use the default population densities is selected the user can choose any of the options listed in the Weather tab and the population densities listed in the Link tab will be used for the isopleth areas Note that isopleth areas may not be added or deleted at this screen Radcat 2 3 Project Panthro New Mexico Truck Routing unsaved File Edit a b fs Title Package Radionuclides vehicle Link Stop Handling Accident Parameters Probability Deposition Velocity Release Aerosol Respirable Isopleth P Weather 5 5 00 02 6 5 00 02 Figure 26 Accident Isopleth P Tab 5 7 7 WEATHER Open the Weather tab after you open the Isopleth P tab If Specify your own population densities 15 selected on the Isopleth P tab you must select the same number of dispersion areas as Isopleth P population densities The number of dispersion areas may be added or removed using the bars at the bottom of the screen This is shown in Figure 27 Isopleth Areas maximum Centerline Distances for each area and corresponding Time Integrated Concentrations may be calculated externally using any Gaussian dispersion program and can be entered manually into the
119. onuclides in the internal library and not for those radionuclides that are user defined 5 3 VEHICLE The Vehicle parameters external dose rate length etc determine the dose to residents along the route to occupants of vehicles sharing the route and to the truck crew The analogous Package parameters determine doses to handlers If there is only one package per vehicle as for a spent fuel or UF package or if all the packages can be modeled as one as for the TRUPACT II which is actually three cylinders standing adjacent to each other the largest dimension external dose rate and gamma and neutron fraction should be the same for the vehicle and package When making a new input file or adding or deleting a vehicle in an existing file select the Vehicle tab next after the Radionuclides tab When editing an existing file without adding or deleting a package the order in which the tabs are opened doesn t make any difference This is shown in Figure 9 Vehicle Name Provide a vehicle name in the left hand column The defaulted name may be substituted with any other name and additional vehicles can be given any name you wish to give them A vehicle name must be a continuous text string and must not contain any spaces 2 To analyze more than one vehicle click the Add Vehicle bar and add the desired number of vehicles This is shown in Figure 9 Add packages to vehicles as follows 1 Click on the vehicle to which the desired package
120. ose risk calculations for non dispersal accidents Description 83 STANDARD Default Value SECONDARY See DISTOFF and DISTON This parameter specifies the first Package Size Threshold This parameter is used to determine the handling method that will be used for a package which in turn is used in the calculation of handler dose If a package is designated as small then an empirical SMALLPKG algorithm for handling dose is used if package dimensions exceed the threshold then another method is used The standard default value for SMALLPKG is 0 5 m Javitz 1985 Although it is highly unlikely that this value will need to be altered the analyst has the STREET USE RADTRAN option to do so See DISTOFF and DISTON Definitions for Input to the User defined Dispersion Model 0 use RISKIND center line distances preferred use RADTRAN distances only if REL HT 3 meters REL HT Release Height m HEAT REL Heat Release cal sec SRC WDTH Source Width or Cask Length m SRC HT Source Height or Cask Radius m WS Wind Speed m sec ANEM HT Anemometer Height m AMB T Ambient Temperature K HT MIX Atmospheric Mixing Height m Pasquill Briggs 1 use the Pasquill Gifford dispersion model with coefficients 2 use the Briggs dispersion model with coefficients Stability Pasquill Stability Category A 1 through F 6 Rural or use the rural terrain coefficients Suburban Ur
121. ptions are available for controlling output size 14 1 Short output form The input echo incident free and accident and non radiological risk tables printed output file is approximately 10 pages long 2 Output for Z1 plus input tables early effects values ground contamination tables intermediate tables and total expected population dose tables are printed the output file is approximately 28 pages long Output for 2 plus consequence tables The output file is approximately 31 pages long 4 Full output Output for 3 plus sensitivity analysis The output file is approximately 33 pages long 95 This option is shown in Figure 4 Effects Effects may be reported in the output either as individual and collective doses or as latent cancer fatalities The individual dose and collective dose outputs may be in historical units rem and person rem as appropriate or Standard International SI units sievert Sv and person sievert person Sv RADTRAN calculates latent cancer fatality risk LCF by multiplying the dose in rem or person rem by a linear conversion factor 5 x 10 for public health risk and 4 x 107 for occupational health risk The validity of this linear conversion for small individual or average doses has been called into question Tubiana and Aurengo 2005 and is included because it has been used extensively The user is encouraged to report results in units of dose rather than LCF The feder
122. pull down menu not the Open utility for RADTRAN to execute properly Once the file is imported into RADCAT it must be saved as a rml file as described in Section 4 of this User Guide New When the New icon is selected to create a new file the Mode Selection dialog box appears An example of the Mode Selection dialog box is shown in Figure 3 A selection of a transportation mode highway rail or barge must be made before a new file can be created A file cannot be created with more than one mode The mode is selected from the pull down menu If a current file is already open selecting the New icon will open a second Java window from which you will be able to select another transportation mode from the Mode Selection dialog box This will not reset any of the information in the first open file 22 2 3 Project Panihro Output Level Figure 3 Mode Selection 12 Entering Data Whenever an entry is made on a RADCAT tab you must hit ENTER depress the ENTER key Title The default title in the Title box should be deleted and you may type any name for your file in the Title box and hit ENTER to give your file a title Your file must have a title The Title box is shown in Figure 4 Remarks The Remarks screen is for you to annotate your file e g give a brief description of the scenario the sources of your input parameters etc When you click on Add Remark a line appears in the remarks sc
123. r et al 2000 Distance of rail car carrying radioactive cargo to pedestrians The standard default value is 30 meters and is taken from NUREG 0170 NRC 1977 This parameter is the minimum perpendicular distance over which the off link dose calculation will be integrated This parameter is the minimum pedestrian walkway width for instances in which dose to pedestrians beside the link is calculated This is shown in Figure 32 A rail route 15 any rail right of way in the U S Distance of rail car carrying radioactive cargo to right of way edge The standard default value is 30 meters and is taken from NUREG 0170 NRC 1977 This parameter is the maximum pedestrian walkway width This parameter 15 set equal to Distance of rail car carrying radioactive cargo to pedestrians This means that the sidewalk width is zero and thus there is no sidewalk available This is shown in Figure 32 A route is any rail right of way in the U S Distance of rail car carrying radioactive cargo to maximum exposure distance The standard default value is 800 meters and is taken from NUREG 0170 NRC 1977 This parameter is the maximum perpendicular distance over which the off link dose calculations will be integrated This is shown in Figure 32 A rail route is any rail right of way in the U S Perpendicular distance to rail car vehicle going in the opposite direction The standard default value is 3 meters and is taken from Madsen et al 1986 p 36 37 T
124. r which the off link dose calculations will be integrated This is shown in Figure 31 A non freeway is any non limited access highway that is not a city street Distance of city street vehicle carrying radioactive cargo to pedestrians The standard default value is 5 meters and is taken from NUREG 0170 NRC 1977 This parameter is the minimum pedestrian walkway width for instances in which does to pedestrians beside the link is calculated This parameter is the minimum perpendicular distance over which the off link dose calculation will be integrated This is shown in Figure 31 A city street is any city street 60 Distance of city street vehicle carrying radioactive cargo to right of way edge The standard default value is 8 meters and is taken from NUREG 0170 NRC 1977 This parameter is the maximum pedestrian walkway width This parameter is set 3 meters greater than the parameter Distance of city street car carrying radioactive cargo to pedestrians This means that the sidewalk width is 3 meters and will thus allow for an off link dose to be calculated to unshielded persons pedestrians bicyclists etc where they may reasonably be expected to be found This is shown in Figure 31 A city street is any city street Distance of city street vehicle carrying radioactive cargo to maximum exposure distance The standard default value is 800 meters and is taken from NUREG 0170 NRC 1977 This parameter is the maximum perpendicular dis
125. rameters Tab with Barge Mode 6 SPECIAL RADTRAN CASES This section discusses special scenarios that users may encounter when creating RADTRAN inputs This section is not comprehensive and should be considered a work in progress Users are strongly encouraged to provide further input for this section 65 6 1 On link dose for a highway that parallels a rail line The parameter ADJACENT specifies the average perpendicular distance at right angles to the line of travel between the radioactive materials shipment centerline and the center of other traffic lanes in meters There are times when rail and or barge shipments will travel on a route parallel to an adjacent highway In such a case occupants of vehicles on the highway going both in the same direction as the rail or barge shipment as well as in the opposite direction may receive an external dose from the rail and barge shipment Although you will be in Rail or Barge Mode for your calculation you may wish to use Highway Mode to determine the incident free dose to the occupants of vehicles on the parallel highway Figure 34 15 a diagram of the situation you are modeling PERPENDICULAR DISTANCE PERPENDICULAR DISTANCE TO VEHICLE GOING IN THE TO VEHICLE GOING IN THE SAME DIRECTION Figure 34 Diagram for the On Link Dose on a Highway that Parallels a Rail Route Structure the supplemental Highway Mode ca
126. ration Cloudshine dose factor rem m Ci second Groundshine dose factor rem m uCi day 50 yr committed effective dose equivalent for inhalation rem Ci inhaled 50 yr committed effective gonad dose for inhalation rem Ci inhaled 1 yr lung dose for inhalation rem Ci inhaled 1 yr marrow dose for inhalation rem Ci inhaled Name for COMIDA Ingestion Data or NONE DEFINE Radionuclide Name PACKAGE alphanumeric identifier dose rate at 1m mrem hr gamma fraction neutron fraction package dimension m Radionuclide Name Package Inventory Ci Group Name Radionuclide Name Package Inventory Ci Group Name END VEHICLE minus sign if shipment is exclusive transportation mode number see mode chart identifier dose rate at one meter from vehicle mrem hr gamma fraction neutron fraction vehicle length m number of shipments number of crew members distance of crew from package m crew shielding factor crew view dimension m package identifier number of packages per shipment package identifier number of packages per shipment FLAGS see Flag Chart in Table A 2 MODSTD see MODSTD Standard Values List EOF LINK link identifier vehicle name segment length km velocity kph vehicle occupancy population density persons km vehicle density accident rate acc km R rural S suburban U urban 1 interstate 2 non interstate 3 other farm fractio
127. ration script osse Direct connection Figure 1 Proxy and Port Settings When you download RADCAT you will be prompted to save the icon on your desktop A Java Web Start icon can also be placed on your desktop RADCAT RADTRAN can be opened at any time from the desktop icon Because of minor changes in the formatting of RADCAT and the addition of features it is suggested that RADCAT be opened using Java Web Start which will automatically update your version of RADCAT Users will still be notified via email of any major changes or additions to RADCAT 3 RUNNING RADTRAN WITH RADCAT RADCAT will only open rml files If you are using a in5 or a dat file import the file instead of opening it see Section 3 1 Please note that a file using more than one transportation mode e g both truck and rail in a single file will not run under RADCAT RADCAT will only run one mode at a time To run an existing input file with RADCAT follow these steps 1 Open RADCAT 10 2 In RADCAT choose the file to be run either by using the File pull down menu or by clicking on the Open icon This is shown in Figure 2 The directory will appear and choose the file to be run When the file has been selected the title of the file will appear in the Title space 3 Click on the Run RADTRAN icon the icon showing a computer monitor The output file will appear and can be saved 3 1 IMPORT
128. re census blocks in less populated areas of the United States such as the Mojave Desert will often be several thousand times larger than census blocks in the middle of Manhattan where population is abundant Within each census block the ethnicities ages and other identifying characteristics of inhabitants are compiled A digital version of this census data for the 2000 Census was imported into the software program ArcView GIS the geographic information system used in this 104 analysis Also used in the GIS program was a digital map of all of the U S and Interstate highways in the continental U S The GIS program was configured to divide each highway into 1 6 kilometer long pieces and to calculate the number of persons within each 1 6 km by 1 6 km square centered on the highway Each of these numbers was compared to the limits of the three population density zones and assigned a corresponding letter R for rural zones S for suburban zones and U for urban zones Traffic Count Data Most states through their local departments of transportation compile annual reports containing average traffic counts for their U S interstate and state highways The only highways considered for this analysis were U S and interstate highways because these are the highways most frequented by radioactive material shipments These counts are typically carried out using one of two types of equipment a permanent collector which is perma
129. red to effect evacuation following a non dispersal accident It is no longer used in RADTRAN This parameter is the Urban Building Fraction it describes either the fraction of the population that 1s indoors or the fraction of the area that is occupied by buildings depending on the type of population model being used The standard default value of 0 52 1s for the latter model and is taken from Finley et al 1980 The value 15 most accurate for large cities such as New York and is somewhat conservative for smaller cities Description 78 1 27 06 for I 131 5 77E 06 for I 129 9 25E 05 for I 125 STANDARD Default Value ADJACENT CAMPAIGN DDRWEF Name This parameter is the Urban Sidewalk Fraction it specifies the fraction of the population that is out of doors or the fraction of the population that occupies sidewalks depending on the type of population model being used The standard default pre assigned value of 0 1 1s for the latter model and 15 taken from Finley et al 1980 As with the UBF this value is suitable for large cities and 15 conservative for smaller cities See DISTON This keyword specifies the duration of the shipping campaign in years The value calculated with CAMPAIGN is the total number of off link persons exposed This result may be used to perform external calculations of annual off link dose Annual dose values may be compared with total dose in multi
130. reen The word REMARK is on this line You can delete it and enter your own remark You must hit ENTER for your remarks to added for each line Click on Add Remark to append additional remarks Remarks is shown in Figure 4 13 2 3 Project Panthro New Mexico Truck Routing File Edit Title Package Radionuclides Vehicle Link Stop Handling Accident Parameters Title New Mexico Truck Routing Remarks DMO 07 14 2006 Assume only 2 Stops Assume Mo Escorts Accident Options Output Level Health Effects Incident Free O1 Rem Person rem Accident O2 Latent Cancer Fatalities C SI Output 4 Figure 4 Title Tab Accident Options Checking the Incident Free box will result in analysis of routine incident free transportation only If you choose this option make sure the Weather tab a tab option within the Accident tab is set for National Average Weather or RADTRAN will not run Checking the Accident box will result in analysis of transportation accidents only Even if you only wish to have accident output you must enter non zero data on the Package Vehicle and Link tabs Checking both the Incident Free and Accident boxes results in a full analysis of incident free transportation and transportation accidents Checking the SI Output will report the output in Standard International SI units These options is shown in Figure 4 Output Size Four o
131. rom the cargo Crew Shielding Factor For highway and barge travel enter a factor between 0 and 1 for crew shielding This factor is the fraction of ionizing radiation to which the crew is exposed the inverse of the shielding fraction This means that 1 no shielding and 0 100 shielding This is shown in Figure 10 The crew on a train in transit is at least 150 meters from the radioactive cargo is shielded by intervening rail cars and thus is considered to receive zero dose Therefore for rail mode neither the default values nor any numbers you may enter will be read by RADTRAN 24 13 Radcat 2 3 Project Panthro New Mexico Truck Routing unsaved File Edit B R fs 8 Title Package Radionuclides Vehicle Link Stop Handling Accident Parameters action Crew Size Crew Distance m Crew Shielding Factor Crew View m Exclusive Use 2 00 00 11 50 00 1 00 00 No 2 00E00 EA Yes 8 80E 01 2 00 00 1 50 00 1 00 00 1 50 00 Add Vehicle Remove Vehicle Number of Packages 1 00 00 0 00E00 1 00 00 Figure 10 Vehicle Tab Continued Crew View The Crew View is the largest dimension in meters of the cargo that faces toward the crew This 1s usually the diameter of a cylindrical cask or the diagonal end dimension of a rectangular container or array This is shown in Figure 10 in the Crew View m column The crew on a train in transit 18 sufficiently far
132. s shown in Figure 31 A freeway is any limited access divided highway Distance of non freeway vehicle carrying radioactive cargo to pedestrians The standard default value is 27 meters and is taken from NUREG 0170 NRC 1977 This parameter is the minimum pedestrian walkway width for instances in which doses to pedestrians beside the link is calculated This parameter is the minimum perpendicular distance over which the off link dose calculation will be integrated This is shown in Figure 31 A non freeway is any non limited access highway that is not a city street Distance of non freeway vehicle carrying radioactive cargo to right of way edge The standard default value is 30 meters and is taken from NUREG 0170 NRC 1977 This parameter is the maximum pedestrian walkway width This parameter is set 3 meters greater than the parameter Distance of non freeway vehicle carrying radioactive cargo to pedestrians This means that the sidewalk width is 3 meters and will thus allow for an off link dose to be calculated to unshielded persons pedestrians bicyclists etc where they may reasonably be expected to be found This is shown in Figure 31 A non freeway is any non limited access highway that is not a city street Distance of non freeway vehicle carrying radioactive cargo to maximum exposure distance The standard default value is 800 meters and is taken from NUREG 0170 NRC 1977 This parameter is the maximum perpendicular distance ove
133. ses is usually self explanatory Exit from RADTRAN RADCAT by clicking on the x in the upper right hand corner as seen in Figure 36 68 B Print fi Save As Display Downwind vs Deposition Graph gt Display Downwind vs Dilution Graph Waste 1 45 0 00 00 0 005 vs Deposition 0 00 0 00 00 Waste 1 FESS 0 00 00 0 00 00 0 00 00 0 00 0 00 00 Waste 1 0 00 00 0 00 00 0 00 00 0 00 00 0 00 00 Waste 1 5137 0 00 00 0 00 00 0 00 00 0 00 00 O0E 00 Waste 1 C14Ga5 O 00E 00 0 00 00 0 00 00 0 00 00 00E 00 Waste 2 RU103 1 49E 06 4 35E 08 0 00 00 1 23E 09 53E 06 Waste 2 5135 3 83E 08 1 68E 07 0 00 00 9 23E 14 6 0 Waste 3 Mogg O 00E 00 0 00 00 0 00 00 0 00 00 00E 00 4 06 LINK NM Urban 3 EXPECTED VALUES OF POPULATION RISK IN PERSON REM MATERIAL ISOTOPE GROUND INHALATN RESUSP CLOUDSH TOTAL Waste 1 835 0 00 00 0 00 00 0 00 00 0 00 00 0 00 00 Waste 1 CA45 0 00E 00 0 00 00 0 00 00 0 00 00 0 00 00 Waste 1 FESS O 00E 00 0 00 00 0 00 00 0 00 00 0 00 00 Waste 1 0 00 00 0 00 00 0 00 00 0 00 00 0 00 00 Waste 1 C3137 0 00 00 0 00 00 0 00 00 0 00 00 0 00 00 Waste 1 C14Ga5 O 00E 00 0 00 00 0 00 00 0 00 00 0 00 00 Waste 2 RU103 0 00 00 0 00 00 0 00 00 0 00 00 0 00 00 Waste 2 CS3135 0 00 00 0 00 00 0 00 00 0 00 00 0 00 00 Waste 3 M099 1 74E 08 9 16 11 D ODE OO 7 60 11 1 76
134. shipment centerline and the centerline of oncoming traffic lanes s In the passing vehicle case DISTON represents the distance between the shipment centerline and the centerline of adjacent passing vehicles HIGHWAY mode only DISTON must be followed by a second keyword that specifies the link type The standard default values in parentheses in the following list are taken from Madsen et al 1986 p 36 37 FREEWAY Any limited access divided highway 15 0 m SECONDARY Any non limited access highway 3 m STREET Any city street 3 m 3 for secondary roads 3 for city streets RAIL Any rail right of way 3 m An additional parameter for highway mode only is ADJACENT It represents the minimum perpendicular distance between shipment centerline and centerline of adjacent passing vehicles 4 m Note The FREEWAY value is based on the Madsen et al 1986 model of a minimal Interstate configuration of 4 lanes with an average lane width of 5 m in the most typical traffic configuration The latter refers to the RAM shipment being in the outside lane oncoming traffic in the corresponding outside lane and passing vehicles in the inner lanes The SECONDARY and STREET values are smaller because these roadways are modeled as being only 2 lanes wide with an average lane width of 3 m The RAIL value is based on the minimum clearance between passing trains on double rail segments The ADJACENT value represents the median valu
135. table on this screen Note that you cannot add or delete population densities in this tab 49 1 Radcat 2 3 Project Panthro New Mexico Truck Routing unsaved File Edit Ug m Title Package Radionuclides Vehicle Link Stop Handling Accident Parameters Probability Deposition Velocity Release Aerosol Respirable Isopleth P Weather qr User Isopleth Area Size m Time Integrated Concentration Center Line Distance m 4 59E02 3 42 03 3 30 01 1 53E03 1 72E 03 6 80 01 3 94 03 8 58 04 1 05 02 1 25 04 3 42E 04 2 44E02 3 04 04 1 72 04 3 69 02 6 85 04 8 58 05 5 61 02 1 76 05 3 42 05 1 02 03 4 45E05 1 72bE 05 1 63E03 8 59 05 8 58 06 2 31 03 Add Average Area Remove Average Area Figure 27 Accident Weather Tab with User Defined Dispersion Option 5 7 7 1 Weather and Use the default population densities If Use the default population densities is selected in the Isopleth P tab any of the three options shown in Figure 28 Average Pasquill or User Defined may be selected 5 7 7 1 1 The Average Option Choosing the Average option selects a set of Isopleth Areas maximum Centerline Distances for each area and corresponding Time Integrated Concentration dilution or Chi Q factors based on U S national average meteorology and wind speed This is shown in Figure 28 The number of
136. tance over which the off link dose calculations will be integrated This is shown in Figures 31 A city street is any city street Perpendicular distance to freeway vehicle going in the opposite direction The standard default value is 15 meters and 15 taken from Madsen et al 1986 p 36 37 This is shown in Figure 31 This parameter specifies the perpendicular distance 1 a distance measured along a line at right angles to the line of travel of the radioactive materials shipment between the radioactive materials shipment and other traffic lanes in meters This is an average perpendicular distance between the shipment centerline and the centerline of oncoming traffic lanes This value is based on a minimal Interstate configuration of four lanes with an average lane width of 5 meters in the most typical traffic configuration The latter refers to the radioactive materials shipment being in the outside lane oncoming traffic in the corresponding outside lane and passing vehicles in the inner lanes A freeway is any limited access divided highway Perpendicular distance to non freeway vehicle going in the opposite direction The standard default value is 3 meters and 15 taken from Madsen et al 1986 p 36 37 This is shown in Figure 31 This parameter specifies the perpendicular distance i e a distance measured along a line at right angles to the line of travel of the radioactive materials shipment between the radioactive materials shipme
137. tible with zero NRC NAS 2005 Thus cancer risk estimates obtained from RADTRAN 5 will be generally conservative The parameter was used to analyze loss of shielding accidents It is no longer used in RADTRAN analyses This parameter is the neutron emission factor it may be used to model neutron emissions following a loss of shielding accident For commonly encountered radionuclides that spontaneously emit neutrons curium 242 curium 244 and californium 242 the NE values are already available in the radionuclide library All other radionuclides have no assigned NE factor The NE keyword is applied only when the analyst wishes to assign a new value to an existing radionuclide or to a new material The analyst must enter NE followed by the radionuclide name in standard format or exactly as entered under keyword DEFINE and the emission factor value in neutrons s Ci The analyst must repeat the process 1 type NE followed by radionuclide name and NE factor value for each radionuclide desired Description 77 1 00 04 5 0E 04 for the public 4 04E 04 for workers STANDARD Default Value RPCTHYROID SURVEY TIMENDE Name This parameter is used to specify an array of Radial Distances which are used to define annular areas for dose calculation purposes when the Flag is set to 1 It is no longer used in RADTRAN This parameter is used to specify 1 year CEDE rem per cur
138. to full shielding everyone indoors 15 fully shielded and receives no dose Setting the flag to 3 is equivalent to no shielding being indoors provides no protection and is the same as being outdoors Setting this flag to 1 causes a series of regulatory checks to be performed If any circumstances are identified that violate the regulatory requirements then the appropriate parameter values are reset to the regulatory maximum and the calculation continues The analyst may set REGCHECK 0 which bypasses the regulatory check subroutine STANDARD Default Value MODSTD STANDARD Default VALUES LIST 75 MODSTD EVACUATION MODSTD Description The Building Dose Factor describes the entrainment of aerosol particles in ventilation systems i e the fraction of particles of an external aerosol that remain in aerosol form after passing through a ventilation system The BDF is used to modify inhalation doses to persons in urban structures The standard default value of 0 05 represents a conservative average across a series of building types including residential office and industrial structures Engelmann 1990 This value is about five times higher than the value for high rise buildings with air conditioning systems used by Finley et al 1980 for New York City which has been used in RADTRAN in the past This factor represents breathing rate and is used for calculation of inhalation dos
139. untain Nye County Nevada DOE EIS 0250F Washington D C U S Department of Energy Appendix J and Transportation Health and Safety Calculation Analysis Documentation CAL HSS ND 000003 Section 5 3 2 Fischer L E et al 1987 Shipping Container Response to Severe Highway and Railway Accident Conditions NUREG CR 4829 Two volumes Washington D C U S Nuclear Regulatory Commission Probability Fractions should add to 1 00 though this is sometimes difficult to see with very small probability fractions RADCAT does not force addition to 1 00 Enter the Probability Fractions in the right hand column Indices may only be added and deleted on this screen This is shown in Figure 21 43 13 Radcat 2 3 Project Panthro New Mexico Truck Routing unsaved File Edit UE m Title Package Radionuclides Vehicle Link Stop Handling Accident Parameters Probability Deposition Velocity Release Aerosol Respirable Isopleth P Weather Index Probability Fraction 0 9 20E 01 1 5 00E 02 Add severity Fraction Remove severity Fraction Figure 21 Accident Probability Tab 5 7 2 DEPOSITION VELOCITY Deposition Velocity depends on the size density and shape of the radionuclides that are released into the environment as a result of the accident The Group column on the left has a pull down menu of the physical chemical groups entered at the Radionuclides
140. ures 31 32 and 33 Vehicle speed for maximum exposure This parameter is used to calculate the maximum individual in transit dose It represents the minimum velocity in km hr of a shipment The standard default value is 24 0 km hr 15 mph NRC 1977 This is shown in Figures 31 32 and 33 Imposed regulatory limit on vehicle external dose The standard default setting is YES which causes a series of regulatory checks to be performed If any circumstances are identified that violate the regulatory requirements e g package dose rate exceeds regulatory maximum then the appropriate parameter values are reset to the regulatory maximum and the calculation continues A message informing the analyst is printed in the output The analyst may adjust the setting to NO which will bypass the regulatory check subroutine and ensure that the package dose rate and package critical dimension used in RADTRAN calculations are those that the analyst has INPUT This is shown in Figures 31 32 and 33 Average breathing rate This parameter represents breathing rate and is used for calculation of inhalation doses The standard default is 3 30E 04 m sec This breathing rate is taken from the Reference Man 70 kg adult male at light work derived from Shleien 1996 Table 12 6 The value in the cited table 20 liters minute has been converted to m sec This is shown in Figures 31 32 and 33 56 13 Radcat 2 3 Project Panthro New M
141. year shipping campaigns and are useful for assessing regulatory compliance with standards based on annual doses The standard default value is 0 0833 years This is an average month in an average year or 1 12 of a year This keyword applies to rail mode only and specifies the Distance Dependent Rail Worker Exposure Factor This factor is used to calculate the component of rail worker dose that depends on distance traveled e g exposure related to engine changes crew shift changes etc while en route The standard default value of 0 0018 inspections km 15 taken from Ostmeyer 1986 Description 79 STANDARD Default Value DISTOFF Name This keyword specifies a set of three distances in meters used in off link dose calculations for highway rail and barge modes The three distances are 1 the minimum perpendicular distance over which the off link dose calculation will be integrated 2 the minimum pedestrian walkway width for instances in which dose to pedestrians beside the link is calculated see RPD for discussion of pedestrian density and 3 the maximum perpendicular distance over which the off link dose calculation will be integrated DISTOFF must be followed one or more keywords that specify values for various link types The standard default values which are supplied for each link type are from NUREG 0170 NRC 1977 The link types and values for each are FREEWAY Any

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