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1. dBm RMS Voltage Peak to Peak Voltage 23 98 dBm 3 54 Vrms 10 00 Vpp 13 01 dBm 1 00 Vrms 2 828 Vpp 10 00 dBm 707 mVrms 2 000 Vpp 6 99 dBm 500 mVrms 1 414 Vpp 3 98 dBm 354 mVrms 1 000 Vpp 0 00 dBm 224 mVrms 632 mVpp 6 99 dBm 100 mVrms 283 mVpp 10 00 dBm 70 7 mVrms 200 mVpp 16 02 dBm 35 4 mVrms 100 mVpp 30 00 dBm 7 07 mVrms 20 0 mVpp 36 02 dBm 3 54 mVrms 10 0 mVpp 50 00 dBm 0 707 mVrms 2 00 mVpp 56 02 dBm 0 354 mVrms 1 00 mVpp For 75Q or 600Q loads use the following conversions dBm 50Q 1 76 dBm 750 dBm 600 dBm 50Q 10 79 251 Chapter 5 Tutorial Signal Imperfections Signal Imperfections For sine waves common signal imperfections are easiest to describe and observe in the frequency domain using a spectrum analyzer Any output signal component with a frequency different from the fundamental or carrier is considered to be distortion Those imperfections can be categorized as harmonic distortion non harmonic spurious or phase noise and the are specified in decibels relative to the carrier level or dBc Harmonic Distortion Harmonic components occur at integer multiples of the fundamental frequency and are usually created by non linear components in the signal path At low signal amplitudes another possible source of harmonic distortion is the Sync signal which is a square wave with many strong harmonic components that can couple i
2. Cancel Seconds At this point the waveform generator outputs a continuous three cycle burst at 20 ms intervals You can generate a single burst with the specified count by pressing the key For more information see To Trigger a Sweep or Burst on page 50 You can also use the external gate signal to create gated bursts where a burst is produced while a gate signal is present on the input 49 Chapter 2 Front Panel Menu Operation To Trigger a Sweep or Burst To Trigger a Sweep or Burst You can issue triggers from the front panel for sweeps and bursts using one of four different trigger types Immediate or automatic triggering is the default setting In this mode the waveform generator outputs continuously when the sweep or burst mode is selected Ext or external triggering controls triggering via the Trigger connector on the rear of the instrument e Manual triggering initiates one sweep or outputs one burst each time you press the button Continue pressing this key to re trigger the waveform generator Timer issues one or more triggers separated in time by a fixed amount If sweep or burst is on pressing will display the trigger menu The illuminated key solid or blinking indicates that one or both channels are in a triggerable mode and awaiting a manual trigger Solid illumination occurs when the trigger menu is selected and flashing illumination occurs when t
3. Frequency 1 wHz to 30 MHz 1 Hz resolution Range Rise and Fall Square 8 4 ns fixed Times nom Pulse 8 4 ns to 1 us independently variable 100 ps or 3 digit resolution RAMP and TRIANGLE Frequency 1 pHz to 200 kHz 1 wHz Range resolution Ramp 0 0 to 100 0 0 1 resolution Symmetry 0 is negative ramp 100 is positive ramp 50 is triangle GAUSSIAN NOISE Bandwidth typ 1 mHz to 30 MHz variable Crest Factor 4 6 nom Repetition period gt 50 years PSEUDORANDOM BINARY SEQUENCE PRBS Bit Rate 1 mbps to 50 Mbps 1 mbps resolution Sequence 2 1 m 7 9 11 15 20 23 Length Rise and fall 8 4 ns to 1 us variable 100 ps or times nom 3 digit resolution ARBITRARY WAVEFORM Waveform 8 Sa to 1 MSa 16 MSa with Length Option 002 in increments of 1 sample Sample Rate 1 uSa s to 250 MSa s 1 uSa s resolution Voltage 16 bits Resolution WAVEFORM SEQUENCING Operation Individual arbitrary waveforms segments can be combined into user defined lists sequences to form longer more complex waveforms Each sequence step specifies whether to repeat the associated segment a certain number of times to repeat it indefinitely to repeat it until a Trigger event occurs or to stop and wait for a Trigger event Additionally the behavior of the Sync output can be specified in each step To improve throughput up to 32 sequences totaling of up to 1024 segments can be
4. Main Output Three Cycle Burst Waveform 246 Chapter 5 Tutorial Burst For bursts the trigger source can be an external signal an internal timer the Qro key or a command received from the remote interface The input for external trigger signals is the rear panel Ext Trig connector This connector accepts TTL compatible levels and is referenced to chassis ground not floating ground When not used as an input the Ext Trig connector can be configured as an output to enable the 33500 Series to trigger other instruments at the same time that its internal trigger occurs An N Cycle burst always begins and ends at the same point in the waveform called the start phase Gated Burst In the Gated burst mode the output waveform is either on or off based on the level of the external signal applied to the rear panel Ext Trig connector When the gate signal is true the waveform generator outputs a continuous waveform When the gate signal goes false the current waveform cycle is completed and then the waveform generator stops while remaining at the voltage level corresponding to the start phase of the selected waveform For a noise waveform the output stops immediately when the gate signal goes false 247 Chapter 5 Tutorial Frequency Sweep Frequency Sweep Frequency sweeping is similar to FM but no modulating waveform is used Instead the instrument sets the output frequency based on eit
5. Start Level The voltage at the beginning of the line segment Line only End Level The voltage at the end of the line segment Line only 193 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Embedded Waveform Editor Basic Waveform Editing When you start the embedded waveform editor press and Arb then Arbs Edit New and Start Editor the opening screen appears Note that the same menu that contains the Edit New softkey also contains an Import CSV softkey You can use this to import ASCII files from oscilloscopes and other common instruments M1 1 0 V Arb Editor Edit Edit Insert Save Exit Points Params Built In Editor Edit Points allows you to edit the voltage values of individual points in the waveform You can also insert and remove points in the waveform and you can access the Advanced Edit features which are described below M1 1 0 Y Edit Points Point Voltage Insert Remove Advanced Done Gq Point Point Edit 194 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Embedded Waveform Editor Edit Params allows you to set the waveform s sample rate which is the rate in points per second in which the waveform is played You can specify this value as a rate or as a period If you change one the other will recalculate based on the number of points in the waveform This feature also allows you to specify whether the waveform is labeled with units of time or points along the horizontal axis
6. Triggered Burst Mode To select the external source press the Trigger Setup softkey and then select the Source Ext softkey or execute the TRIG SOUR EXT command from the remote interface burst must be enabled The waveform generator outputs a waveform with a specified number of cycles burst count each time a trigger is received from the specified trigger source External Gated Burst Mode To enable the gated mode press the Gated softkey or execute BURS MODE GAT from the remote interface with burst enabled When the external gate signal is true the waveform generator outputs a continuous waveform When the external gate signal goes false the current waveform cycle is completed and then the waveform generator stops while remaining at the voltage level corresponding to the starting burst phase For noise the output stops immediately when the gate signal goes false 154 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Triggering Trigger Output Signal A trigger out signal is provided on the rear panel Trig Out connector used with sweep and burst only When enabled a TTL compatible square waveform with either a rising edge default or falling edge is output from the rear panel Trig Out connector at the beginning of the sweep or burst Trig In Out OUTPUT FSK Burst 3 V A TTL EN gt 1us l Z P ov Rising edge shown When the Internal immediate trigger source or Timer is selected the waveform generator out
7. 151 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Triggering External Triggering In the external trigger mode the waveform generator will accept a hardware trigger applied to the rear panel Trig In connector The waveform generator initiates one sweep or outputs one burst each time Ext Trig receives a TTL pulse with the specified edge See also Trigger Input Signal on the following page Front Panel Operation The external trigger mode is like the manual trigger mode except that you apply the trigger to the Ext Trig connector To select the external source press and then Trg Src and Ext To specify whether the waveform generator triggers on the rising or falling edge press the Trigger Setup softkey and select the desired edge direction by pressing Slope Remote Interface Operation TRIGger SOURce EXTernal Use the following command to specify whether the waveform generator triggers on the rising or falling edge TRIGger SLOPe POSitive NEGative 152 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Triggering Software Bus Triggering The bus trigger mode is available only from the remote interface This mode is similar to the manual trigger mode from the front panel but you trigger the waveform generator by sending a bus trigger command The waveform generator initiates one sweep or outputs one burst each time a bus trigger command is received The key blinks when a bus trigger command is received To select the b
8. To delete all characters from the cursor position to the end of the line press the key To use numbers in the name you can enter them directly from the numeric keypad Store the instrument state Press the STORE STATE softkey A stored state contains the selected function frequency amplitude DC offset duty cycle symmetry as well as any modulation parameters in use The instrument does not store volatile waveforms created in the arbitrary waveform function Recall the instrument state optional If at some later time you wish to restore retrieve a stored state press and then Store Recall Then press Recall State select the state to recall and press Select 52 Chapter 2 Front Panel Menu Operation To Configure the Remote Interface To Configure the Remote Interface The Agilent 33500 Series supports remote interface communication using a choice of three interfaces GPIB optional USB and LAN LXI Class C compliant All three interfaces are live at power up The following sections explain how to configure the remote interface from the instrument front panel Note Two CDs provided with your instrument contain connectivity software to enable communications over the remote interfaces See Connectivity Software and Product CDs on page 174 for further information on these CDs and the software they contain GPIB Configuration Option 400 You need only select a GPIB address Select
9. End Sub 223 Chapter 4 Application Programs Program Listings Example Download Arbitrary Waveform as ASCII This program found in the Examples chapter6 Pulse subdirectory on the CD ROM configures a pulse waveform setting pulse width period and high low levels The edge time is then incremented POUT TT UY TOY TE UY Te UY OY UY OY UY Oe UY OY UY OOY WY OY Oe UY OY UY OOY VN EIE UY OY UY OY VY OY OY UY OY UY OY VY OY OY VY OY UY OY VY OY OY VY OY UY OY VY OY OY VY OY ve OY OY OY OY vO This AsciiArb program demonstrates how to download an arbitrary waveform into instrument volatile memory and play it back with the configuration below Wave Shape Arb Frequency 40 KSa Sec Amplitude 2 Volt Peak to Peak Offset 0 Volt Output Impedance 50 Ohm Channell Output Enabled This arb generates a 4000 point pulse waveform of which the first 200 points define a positive pulse from 0 volts to the maximum defined voltage amplitude Caution This program will erase all unsaved data in volatile memory If necessary save that information before running this example program ee Private Sub Command1 Click Dim io_mgr As VisaComLib ResourceManager Dim mFio As VisaComLib Formatted10488 Set io_mgr New AgilentRMLib SRMC1s Set mFio New Formatted10488 Set mFio IO io mgr Open Textl Text NO LOCK 2000 Dim Waveform As String Dim I As Integer Dim DataStr As String ReDim Waveform 1 To
10. M1 1 0 Y J psec Sampling Time Done HEC Rate Samples f Insert Built In allows you to insert one of 12 pre defined waveforms into the current waveform M1 1 0 Insert Built In Waveforms Select Choose Point Wave 195 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Embedded Waveform Editor Select Point allows you to specify where the waveform is to be inserted and the Choose Wave softkey allows you to specify which one of the 12 waveform types is to be inserted Sine Expo Fall Insert Built In Waveforms OK canca Once you have used the arrow keys to select the waveform to insert and pressed OK the instrument displays the parameters for the waveform to be inserted Specify the parameters and press OK Sine Amplitude Offset Phase Cycles Points Parameters va Y 100psec at IMSa s Insert Built In Waveforms gt Sine Paramete Hel t F OK cee 196 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Embedded Waveform Editor Save allows you to save the current waveform at its current location in the instrument s internal memory M1 1 0 V Edit Insert Save Exit Params Built In Editor Exit Editor closes the embedded waveform editor and resumes normal front panel operation If you have unsaved changes the instrument produces a warning message and gives you the option of staying in the embedded waveform editor Exit without saving waveform 197
11. T The peak voltage of a waveform is the maximum absolute value of all points in the waveform The peak to peak voltage is the difference between the maximum and minimum The RMS voltage equals the standard deviation of all the points in the waveform 249 Chapter 5 Tutorial Attributes of AC Signals The RMS value of a waveform also represents the one cycle average power in the signal minus the power in any DC component of the signal Crest factor is the ratio of a signal s peak value to its RMS value and will differ according to waveshape The table below shows several common waveforms with their respective crest factors and RMS values Waveform Crest Factor Shape C F AC RMS AC DC RMS coy PAA 414 414 Note If an average reading voltmeter is used to measure the DC voltage of a waveform the reading may not agree with the DC Offset setting of the waveform generator This is because the waveform may have a non zero average value that would be added to the DC Offset You may occasionally see AC levels specified in decibels relative to 1 milliwatt dBm Since dBm represents a power level you will need to know the signal s RMS voltage and the load resistance in order to make the calculation dBm 10 x log P 0 001 where P Vgus Ry 250 Chapter 5 Tutorial Attributes of AC Signals For a sine wave into a 50Q load the following table relates dBm to voltage
12. Trim allows you to use markers to crop the waveform so that only the points defined by the marker range remain in the waveform Image Before Operation M1 35 0 9432 mY M2 170 750 mY Edit Points gt Math Marker Add Subtract Multiply Advanced Done 1 Math Image After Operation M1 1 1 0990 mV M2 135 400 mY Marker Add Subtract Multiply Advanced Done 1 Math 208 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Embedded Waveform Editor Utility Menu You can access several utility features by pressing from within the embedded waveform editor M1 1 1 0990 mV Undo Redo Pan Zoom Control Undo allows you to undo recent operations The number of operations depends on the amount of available memory and the size of the undo operation Redo allows you to redo undone tasks subject to the same limitations of memory and operation size 209 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Embedded Waveform Editor Pan Zoom Control allows you to zoom in either horizontally or vertically using a zoom factor specified as a percentage You can also pan move the image either horizontally or vertically in order to view a particular area of the waveform Pan horizontally by specifying a point and pan vertically by specifying a voltage M1 1 1 0990 m System gt Zoom 10 Horizontal TT Pan Marker Show Done Vertical G G amp All Show All resets the horizontal and vertical scale t
13. 3601 s to 250 000 s 1 s resolution Linear 1 ms to 3600 s 1 ms resolution 3601 s to 8 000 s 1 s resolution Logarithmic 1 ms to 500 s 0 s to 3600 s 1 ms resolution 0 s to 3600 s 1 ms resolution Immediate continuous External Single Bus or Timer 1 us to 8 000 s 6 digit or 4 ns resolution Independent Coupled Parameter s Combined Ch1 Ch2 e Equal Ch2 Ch1 e Differential Ch2 Ch1 e None Frequency Ratio or Difference Amplitude amp DC Offset 0 degrees to 360 degrees 0 1 degrees resolution 1 Subject to maximum output voltage limits 2 All frequency changes are phase continuous 3 Subject to pulse width limits 4 The maximum Sine wave frequency for counted and gated burst is 10 MHz unless Burst Count is set to Infinite Counted Burst operation is not allowed for Gaussian Noise 259 SYNC MARKER OUTPUT Connector Functions Assignment Polarity Voltage Level nom Output Impedance nom Min Pulse Width nom Chapter 6 Specifications Agilent 33500 Series Function Arbitrary Waveform Generator Front panel BNC isolated from chassis Sync Sweep Marker Burst Marker or Arbitrary Waveform Marker Channel 1 or Channel 2 Normal or Inverted 3 Vpp into open circuit 1 5 Vpp into 50 Q 50 Q 16 ns EXTERNAL TRIGGER GATE FREQUENCY REFERENCE INPUT Connector Rear panel BNC isolated from chassis and all other c
14. Sine Freq 42 Chapter 2 Front Panel Menu Operation To Output a PWM Waveform 4 Set the modulating frequency Press the PWM Freq softkey and then set the value to 5 Hz using the numeric keypad or the knob and cursor keys Width Dev 20 000 0us PWM Freq IOMA Modulate Type Source Width Shape PWM Off On PWM jiInternal Dev Sine Freq 5 Select the modulating waveform shape Press the Shape softkey to select the shape of the modulating waveform For this example select a sine wave At this point the waveform generator outputs a PWM waveform with the specified modulation parameters if the output is enabled Of course to really view the PWM waveform you would need to output it to an oscilloscope If you do this you will see how the pulse width varies in this case from 80 to 120 us At a modulation frequency of 5 Hz the deviation is quite visible 43 Chapter 2 Front Panel Menu Operation To Output a Frequency Sweep To Output a Frequency Sweep In the frequency sweep mode the waveform generator moves from the start frequency to the stop frequency at a sweep rate which you specify You can sweep up or down in frequency and with either linear or logarithmic spacing or using a list of frequencies For this example you will output a swept sine wave from 50 Hz to 5 kHz 1 Select the function and amplitude for the sweep For sweeps you can select sine squar
15. To Set up an Arbitrary Waveform on page 61 1 Select the arbitrary waveform function Press the button and choose the Arb softkey and then the Arbs softkey Then choose Select Arb and use the knob to select Exp_Fall Press Select VSine OFF 500 Sample Rate 40 000 000 00kSa s Amplitude 100 0mVpp Offset 0 000 Samples 250 Arb Name EXP_FALL arb System Select Arbs in Edit Edit Import ae Arb Memory New Existing CSV 22 Chapter 1 Quick Start To Use the Built In Help System To Use the Built In Help System The built in help system is designed to provide context sensitive assistance on any front panel key or menu softkey A list of help topics is also available to assist you with several front panel operations 1 View the help information for a function key Press and hold down any softkey or button such as Gore If the message contains more information than will fit on the display press the softkey or use the knob to view the remaining information Waveforms Opens the waveform list with a MORE softkey for additional items Pressing a softkey highlights it and the waveform s parameters appear Available waveforms include Sine Square Triangle Pulse Ramp Noise Arbitrary user defined PRBS Pseudo Random Binary Sequence and DC To configure the selected waveform press Parameters Press Done to exit Help 23 Chapter 1 Quick Start To Use the Built In Help S
16. When the External source is selected the output frequency is determined by the signal level on the rear panel Ext Trig connector When a logic low level is present the carrier frequency is output When a logic high level is present the hop frequency is output e Front Panel Operation To set the hop frequency press the Hop Freq softkey Then use the knob or numeric keypad to enter the desired frequency Remote Interface Operation SOURce 1 2 FSKey FREQuency lt frequency gt MINimum MAXimum 121 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Frequency Shift Keying FSK Modulation FSK Rate The FSK rate is the rate at which the output frequency shifts between the carrier frequency and the hop frequency when you select the internal FSK source FSK rate internal source 125 uHz to 1 MHz The default is 10 Hz The FSK rate is ignored when the external FSK source is selected Front Panel Operation To set the FSK rate press the FSK Rate softkey Then use the knob or numeric keypad to enter the desired rate Remote Interface Operation FSKey INTernal RATE lt rate_in_Hz gt MINimum MAXimum FSK Source FSK source Internal default or External When the Internal source is selected the rate at which the output frequency shifts between the carrier frequency and hop frequency is determined by the FSK rate specified When the External source is selected the output frequency is determined by
17. s capability Whichever one you set last in this situation will be modified to remain within the instrument s limits 81 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Output Configuration You may protect a device under test DUT by specifying upper and lower voltage limits for the waveform amplitude Front Panel Operation To select a function press asm Press 33521A or 1 _ or 2 83522A and then set the Output softkey to ON to output the currently selected waveform To view the other waveform choices press to see the first page of the list and then press the More softkey to see the rest of the list Sine Square Ramp Pulse Arb More NS sal N ne Aas pp 1 of 2 For example to specify a DC signal from the front panel press Gono then More and DC Enter the Offset with the knob or keypad and if you use the keypad press mV or V to finish entering the value Then press or 1 or 2 and make sure the Output softkey is ON Remote Interface Operation FUNCtion SINusoid SQUare RAMP PULSe NOISe DC PRBS ARB You can also use the APPLy command to select the function frequency amplitude and offset with a single command 82 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Output Configuration Output Frequency As shown below the output frequency range depends on the function currently selected The default frequency is 1 kHz for all functions Function Minimum Frequency Maximum Frequency Sine 1 Hz 30 MHz Square
18. 107 Sas Cycle Sampling Time Done G Period Rate Samples T 2 Change the Cycle Period to 2 04 seconds and then press the Sampling Rate softkey It will now be set to 200 Sa s in order to play the 408 point waveform in 2 04 seconds M1 270 1 Edit Params 201 Sa s Cycle Sampling Time Done C Period Rate Samples 66 Chapter 2 Front Panel Menu Operation To Set up an Arbitrary Waveform 3 Press Done to exit the parameter editing screen Press Edit Points and notice that the Point softkey is highlighted Enter the number 160 and press Enter to move the marker M1 160 3 1668 V Edit Points Point Voltage Insert Remove Advanced Done G Point Point Edit 4 Press Voltage and change the voltage of the selected point to 4 2 V Press Point and change the point marker to 150 to move the marker off the point When you press Enter to finish entering point 150 you will see the 4 2 V anomaly in the wave that you just created at point 160 M1 150 438 6 mY Edit Points Point Voltage Insert Remove Advanced Done Point Point Edit 67 Chapter 2 Front Panel Menu Operation To Set up an Arbitrary Waveform Zoom and Pan 1 To see the point in detail press system then Pan Zoom Control Notice that the first softkey is set to Horizontal meaning that the zooming that we are about to do will be along the horizontal time axis Change the Zoom to 500 and the sine wave
19. 58 Chapter 2 Front Panel Menu Operation To Configure the Remote Interface 5 Configure the DNS Setup optional DNS Domain Name Service is an Internet service that translates domain names into IP addresses Ask your network administrator whether DNS is in use and if it is for the host name domain name and DNS server address to use a Set the Host Name Press the Host Name softkey and enter the host name The host name is the host portion of the domain name which is translated into an IP address The host name is entered as a string using the knob and cursor keys to select and change characters The host name may include letters numbers and dashes You can use the keypad for the numeric characters only b Set the DNS Server addresses From the LAN configuration screen press More to go to the second of the three pages Manual Configuration MAC Address IP Address aR Gateway 0 0 0 0 Subnet Mask 255 255 0 0 DNS Prim Addr 0 0 0 0 DNS Sec Addr 0 0 0 0 WINS Prim Addr 0 0 0 0 WINS Sec Addr 0 0 0 0 Host Name mDNS Service Gateway Primary Second G DNS G DNS Enter the Primary DNS and Second DNS See your network administrator for details 59 Chapter 2 Front Panel Menu Operation To Configure the Remote Interface More about IP Addresses and Dot Notation Dot notation addresses nnn nnn nnn nnn where nnn is a byte value such as IP addresses
20. Insert Built In Waveforms gt Sine Paramete OK Cancel Help t 4 63 Chapter 2 Front Panel Menu Operation To Set up an Arbitrary Waveform 6 Using the numeric keypad and the up and down arrow softkeys set the Amplitude to 3 5 V the Cycles to 4 and the Points to 200 Leave all other settings at their default values and press OK M1 1 0 V Insert Built In Waveforms Select Choose Point Wave 7 Notice that the first softkey Select Point is highlighted Put the marker on the 270th waveform point by using the numeric keypad to enter the number 270 and pressing Enter M1 270 1 347 mY Insert Built In Waveforms Select Choose Point Wave 64 Chapter 2 Front Panel Menu Operation To Set up an Arbitrary Waveform 8 Press Choose Wave select Square and then press OK Set the Amplitude to 3 V the Offset to 2 V the Cycles to 8 and the Points to 100 Press OK Notice that the 8 square wave cycles have been inserted beginning at the marker Press Done M1 270 1 V Edit Edit Insert Save Exit Points Params Built In Editor 65 Chapter 2 Front Panel Menu Operation To Set up an Arbitrary Waveform Edit Waveform Characteristics 1 Press Edit Params and then set the Sampling Rate to 100 Sa s Press Cycle Period and notice that it has been set to 4 08 seconds This is because you have 408 sample points in the waveform and the sample rate is 100 Sa s M1 270 1 V
21. is the modulating signal and d is the phase deviation 244 Chapter 5 Tutorial Modulation Frequency Shift Keying FSK FSK is similar to FM except the carrier frequency alternates between two preset values the carrier frequency and the hop frequency Sometimes the hop and carrier frequencies are called Mark and Space respectively The rate at which the frequency switches values is determined by an internal timer or the signal on the rear panel Ext Trig connector Frequency changes are instantaneous and phase continuous The internal modulating signal is a square wave with 50 duty cycle Modulating Signal Modulated Carrier Binary Phase Shift Keying BPSK BPSK is similar to FSK except it is the carrier s phase rather than its frequency that switches between two values The rate at which the phase switches values is determined by an internal timer or the signal on the rear panel Ext Trig connector Phase changes are instantaneous The internal modulating signal is a square wave with 50 duty cycle Pulse Width Modulation PWM PWM is only available for the Pulse waveform and as its name suggests the pulse width varies according to the modulating signal The amount by which the pulse width varies is called the width deviation and it can be specified as a percentage of the waveform period that is duty cycle or in units of time For example if you specify a pulse with 20 duty cycle and then ena
22. recalled The built in exponential rise waveform is output in place of the deleted waveform An instrument reset does not affect the configurations stored in memory Once a state is stored it remains until it is overwritten or specifically deleted Front Panel Operation Press and then select the Store Recall softkey You can then perform several operations To save a state press Store State enter the desired name with the knob and arrows and then press Store State The state file will be automatically created with the sta extension To recall a previously saved state file press Recall State Use the knob and arrows to browse to the desired file note that the right arrow expands a folder Then press Select To delete a stored state select the Delete State softkey use the browser to select the sta file and then press Select To configure the waveform generator to recall the factory default state at power on press and then select the Store Recall softkey Then toggle the Power On softkey as necessary to select Factory To configure the waveform generator to recall the power down state when power is restored toggle the Power On softkey as necessary to select Last This will recall state 0 as described above Remote Interface Operation To configure the waveform generator to automatically recall the power down state when power is restored send the following command MEMory STATe RECall AUTO ON 16
23. waveforms triangle or PRBS Noise is allowed only in the gated burst mode and DC is not allowed For this example select a sine wave with an amplitude of 5 Vpp YSine OFF 509 Frequency 1 000 000 000kHz Amplitude 5 000 Vpp Offset 0 000 Y Phase 0 00 1 000 s Sweep Type Sweep Start Stop Hold amp Off On Linear UOO e Freq Freq j Return 47 Chapter 2 Front Panel Menu Operation To Output a Burst Waveform Select the burst mode Press and then press the Burst Off On softkey Notice that a status message N Cycle Burst Trig Imm is shown in the tab of the current channel Frequency 1 000 000 000kHz Amplitude 5 000 000 Vpp Offset 0 000 V Start Phase Cycle Count 1 Cyc Burst Period 10 000ms Burst N Cycle Cycles Burst off On Gated Infinite Period Set the burst count Press the of Cycles softkey and then set the count to 3 using the numeric keypad or knob Press the Enter softkey to finish data entry if you are using the numeric keypad Start Phase 0 00 Cycle Count El Burst Period 10 000ms 48 Chapter 2 Front Panel Menu Operation To Output a Burst Waveform 4 Set the burst period Press the Burst Period softkey and then set the period to 20 ms using the numeric keypad or the knob and cursor keys The burst period sets the time from the start of one burst to the start of the next burst Start Phase 0 00 Cycle Count 3 Cyc Burst Period
24. which specifies the frequency of the bursted signal Burst period 1 us to 8000 seconds The default is 10 ms The burst period setting is used only when Immediate triggering is enabled The burst period is ignored when manual or external triggering is enabled or when the gated burst mode is selected It is not possible to specify a burst period which is too short for the waveform generator to output with the specified burst count and frequency see below If the burst period is too short the waveform generator will automatically adjust it as needed to continuously re trigger the burst Front Panel Operation To set the burst period press and then the Burst Period softkey Then use the knob or numeric keypad to enter the period Remote Interface Operation SOURce 1 2 BURSt INTernal PERiod lt seconds gt MINimum MAXimum 146 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Burst Mode Start Phase The start phase defines the start phase of the burst Start phase 360 degrees to 360 degrees The default is 0 degrees From the remote interface you can set the start phase in degrees or radians using the UNIT ANGL command see the Agilent 33500 Series Programmer s Reference Help for details From the front panel the starting phase is always displayed in degrees radians are not available If you set the starting phase in radians from the remote interface and then return to front panel operation the waveform
25. 00 13 Chapter 1 Quick Start To Set a DC Offset Voltage 3 Select the desired units Press the softkey for the desired units When you select the units the waveform generator outputs the waveform with the displayed offset if the output is enabled For this example press V The voltage will be set as shown below Frequency 1 200 000 000MHz Amplitude 50 00mVpp Offset FE Phase 0 00 Frequency Amplitude sii Phase Note You can also enter the desired value using the knob and cursor keys 14 Chapter 1 Quick Start To Set the High Level and Low Level Values To Set the High Level and Low Level Values You can specify a signal by setting its amplitude and DC offset values as described previously Another way to set the signal limits is to specify its high maximum and low minimum values This is typically convenient for digital applications In the following example we will set the high level to 1 0 V and the low level to 0 0 V 1 Press unis 2 Press the Amp Offs softkey to toggle to High Low as shown below Frequency 1 200 000 000MHz High Level 1 475 V Low Level 1 525 V Phase 0 00 Frequency Amp Offs Start Stop Period High Low Cntr Span 15 Chapter 1 Quick Start To Set the High Level and Low Level Values 3 Set the High Level value Press the key and select High Level Using the numeric keypad or knob and arrows select a value of 1 0 V If you are
26. 170 750 mY Marker Add Subtract Multiply Advanced Done Math oO t Image After Operation M1 35 750 mY M2 170 0 9432 m Marker Add Subtract Multiply Advanced Done Math oO t 205 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Embedded Waveform Editor Scale allows you to use amplitude and offset to scale the waveform between the points In this example the amplitude scale was set to 180 and the offset scale was set to 1 V Image Before Operation M1 35 0 9432 mY M2 170 750 mY 1 Edit Points gt Math Marker Add Subtract Multiply Advanced Done Math oO t Image After Operation M1 35 1 0016 V M2 170 350 mV 1 Edit Points gt Math Marker Add Subtract Multiply aneen Done at oO t 206 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Embedded Waveform Editor Clip allows you to specify upper and lower limits on the waveform and changes voltage values outside those limits to be equal to the limits In this example the waveform was clipped to stay within the 400 mV lower limit and the 700 mV upper limit Image Before Operation M1 35 0 9432 mY M2 170 750 mY 1 Edit Points gt Math Marker Add Subtract Multiply Advanced Done 1 a Math Image After Operation M1 35 0 9432 mY M2 170 400 mY 1 Edit Points gt Math Marker Add Subtract Multiply Advanced Done 1 Math 207 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Embedded Waveform Editor
27. 20 99 100 pulse width modulation 123 modulating source 131 pulse waveform 127 PWM 123 modulating source 131 modulation source 131 pulse waveform 127 Q queue error 165 quick start 3 R rack mounting kits 27 ramp waveform symmetry 92 range hold amplitude 93 rear panel connectors 10 overview 10 reference external 183 remote bus trigger 152 remote errors 165 remote interface configuration 53 174 rename files 168 reset 36 LAN 175 resistance load 35 revision firmware 172 RMS voltage 249 root mean square 249 S safety notices 3 SCPI version 172 screen 8 displaying message 170 number format 171 screen blank 166 screen brightness 167 170 screen enable disable 170 screen saver mode 166 security calibration 186 self test 167 170 self test 169 setting address LAN 55 settings default 211 shipping contents 5 shock hazard 10 slope trigger burst 148 sweep 138 softkey labels 8 software bus trigger 152 software revision 172 software connectivity 5 sound beeper 166 specifications 255 square wave duty cycle 91 starting phase burst 147 state storage 163 front panel operation 51 naming from front panel 51 stored states 163 front panel operation 51 naming from front panel 51 subnet mask 178 support technical 11 sweep 132 center frequency 134 external trigger source 154 frequency span 134 front panel operation 41 44 linear vs logarithmic 130 135 136 marker frequency 137 spacing 130 135 1
28. 30 MHz The default is 100 Hz Front Panel Operation After enabling Sum press the Sum Freq softkey Remote Interface Operation SOURce 1 2 SUM INTernal FREQuency lt frequency gt MINimum MAXimum 129 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Sum Modulation Sum Sum Amplitude The sum amplitude represents the amplitude of the signal added to the carrier in percent of carrier amplitude Amplitude setting 0 to 100 of carrier amplitude 0 01 resolution The Sum Amplitude setting remains a constant fraction of the carrier amplitude and tracks carrier amplitude changes Front Panel Operation After selecting Sum press the Sum Ampl softkey Then use the knob or numeric keypad to enter the desired amplitude Remote Interface Operation SUM AMPLitude lt amplitude gt MINimum MAXimum 130 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Sum Modulation Sum Modulating Source The waveform generator will accept an internal or external modulation source for Sum Modulating source Internal default Other Channel or External Ifyou select the External source the carrier waveform is summed with an external waveform The amplitude is controlled by the 5 V signal level present on the rear panel Modulation In connector For example if you have set the sum amplitude to 10 then when the modulating signal is at 5 V the output will be at the maximum amplitude 110 of carrier amplitude When the modul
29. CAT II 300V EN61010 EMC EN55011 EN50082 1 MIL 461C Acoustic Noise 35 dB A LINE POWER Voltage 100 V 240 V 50 60 Hz 5 10 100 V 120 V 400 Hz 10 Power lt 45 W lt 130 VA Consumption typ WARRANTY 1 year standard 3 years optional Note Specifications are subject to change without notice For the latest specifications go to the Agi lent 88521A or Agilent 33522A product page for the latest datasheet www agilent com find 33521A www agilent com find 33522A This ISM device complies with Canadian ICES 001 Cet appareil ISM est conforme a la norme NMB 001 du Canada N10149 261 Chapter 6 Specifications Agilent 33500 Series Function Arbitrary Waveform Generator Product Dimensions aS oe g S oc 103 8 D 261 2 k 302 2 88 3 272 3 J H 191 05 4 4x5 6 SQUARE 24 65 A 1 50 F 252 58 E amp wok GS ma A M4x07 44 43 4 PLACES 23 82 A All dimensions are shown in millimeters 262 Numerics 10 MHz In connector 183 10 MHz Out connector 183 33220A overview 6 A ac connector 10 address GPIB 53 174 175 Agilent Express 11 air flow 27 AM 102 carrier frequency 103 carrier waveform 103 front panel operation 37 modulating source 106 modulating waveform 104 modulation depth 105 amplitude 10 arb waveform limitations 85 effect of load impedance 89 load l
30. Edge Time l Period Period 33 3 ns to 1 000 000 s The default is 1 ms Period is the reciprocal of frequency The waveform generator will adjust the pulse width and edge time as needed to accommodate the specified period Front Panel Operation After selecting the pulse function press Cs then the Frequency Period softkey to toggle to Period Then press Framete then Period Use the knob or numeric keypad to enter the desired pulse period Remote Interface Operation SOURce 1 2 FUNCtion PULSe PERiod lt seconds gt MINimum MAXimum 98 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Pulse Waveforms Pulse Width The pulse width represents the time from the 50 threshold of the rising edge of the pulse to the 50 threshold of the next falling edge Pulse width 16 ns to 1 000 000 s see restrictions below The default pulse width is 100 us The specified pulse width must also be less than the difference between the period and the minimum pulse width as shown below The waveform generator will adjust the pulse width as needed to accommodate the specified period Pulse Width lt Period 16ns The waveform generator will automatically adjust the pulse width as needed to accommodate the specified period Front Panel Operation After selecting the pulse function press the Pulse Width softkey Then use the knob or numeric keypad to enter the desired pulse width Remote Interface Operation FUNCtio
31. Mode Burst Mode You can use burst in one of two modes as described below The selected mode controls the allowable trigger source that you selected and whether certain other burst parameters apply see the table below Triggered Burst Mode In this mode default the waveform generator outputs a waveform with a specified number of cycles burst count each time a trigger is received After the specified number of cycles have been output the waveform generator stops and waits for the next trigger You can configure the waveform generator to use an internal trigger to initiate the burst or you can provide an external trigger by pressing the front panel key applying a trigger signal to the rear panel Ext Trig connector or sending a software trigger command from the remote interface External Gated Burst Mode In this mode the output waveform is either on or off based on the level of the external signal applied to the rear panel Ext Trig connector When the gate signal is true the waveform generator outputs a continuous waveform When the gate signal goes false the current waveform cycle is completed and then the waveform generator stops while remaining at the voltage level corresponding to the starting burst phase of the selected waveform For a noise waveform the output stops immediately when the gate signal goes false Burst Mode BURS MODE Burst Count BURS NCYC Burst Period BURS INT PER Burst Phas
32. MyError Text3 Err Description Resume Next End Sub Private Sub Form Load Text3 Text End Sub 234 Chapter 4 Application Programs Program Listings Example Signal Sum This program found in the Examples chapter6 Signal Sum Example subdirectory on the CD ROM configures a pulse waveform with duty cycle which is then slowly modulated by a triangle waveform VKK KKK KKK KKK KKK KKK KKK KKK KKK KKK KKK KKK KKK KKK KKK KKK KKK KKK KKK KKK KKK KKK KKK KKKKKKKK t Copyright 2010 Agilent Technologies Inc All rights reserved You have a royalty free right to use modify reproduce and distribute the Sample Application Files and or any modified version in any way you find useful provided that you agree that Agilent has no warranty obligations or liability for any Sample Application Files This sample program assumes that you are familiar with the programming language being demonstrated and the tools used to create and debug procedures Agilent support engineers can help explain the functionality of Agilent software components and associated commands but they will not modify these samples to provide added functionality or construct procedures to meet your specific needs Ikkkkxkxkxkxkxkxkxkxkkxkkkkxkxkxkxkxkkkkkkkxkxkxkxkxkxkxkxkkkkxkxkxkxkxkxkkkxkkkxkxkxkxkxkxkxkkkkkxkxkxkxkxkxkkkkkkkxkkx k Ikkkkxkxkxkxkxkxkxkxkxkxkxkxkxkxkxkxkxkxkxkxkxkxkxkxkxkxkxkxkxkxkxkxkxkxkxkkxkxkxkxkxkkxkxkkxkxkkxkxkxkxkkkxk
33. User Settings Display Options and Display Off 170 Chapter 3 Features and Functions System Related Operations Remote Interface Operation The following command turns off the front panel display DISP OFF The following command displays a message on the front panel and turns on the display if currently disabled DISP TEXT Test in Progress To clear the message displayed on the front panel without changing the display state send the following command DISP TEXT CLEAR Number Format The waveform generator can show numbers on the front panel display with periods or commas for the decimal point and digits separator This feature is available from the front panel only The number format is stored in non volatile memory and does not change when power has been off or after a remote interface reset When shipped from the factory a period is used for the decimal point and commas are used for the digits separator e g 1 000 000 00 kHz Front Panel Operation Press custom System Setup and User Settings and then select Number Format 171 Chapter 3 Features and Functions System Related Operations Firmware Revision Query You can query the waveform generator to determine which revision of firmware is currently installed The revision code contains five numbers in the form A aa B bb C cc DD EE A aa Firmware revision B bb Front panel firmware revision C cc Power
34. You must enable PWM before setting up any of the other modulation parameters Press Geom select Pulse and then press and Modulate to turn on modulation PWM is selected as the only modulation type supported for pulse The PWM waveform is output using the present settings for the pulse frequency modulating frequency output amplitude offset voltage pulse width and edge time Remote Interface Operation To avoid multiple waveform changes enable PWM after you have set up the other modulation parameters PWM STATe OFF ON 123 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Pulse Width Modulation PWM Modulating Waveform Shape The waveform generator will accept an internal or external modulation source for PWM Modulating waveform shape internal source Sine default Square Pulse UpRamp DnRamp Triangle Noise or PRBS Square has 50 duty cycle UpRamp has 100 symmetry wo Triangle has 50 symmetry AN DnRamp has 0 symmetry ia e Noise white gaussian noise PRBS Pseudo Random Bit Sequence polynomial PN7 e You can use noise as the modulating waveshape but you cannot use noise arbitrary waveforms or DC as the carrier waveform Front Panel Operation After enabling PWM press the Shape softkey Remote Interface Operation PWM INTernal FUNCtion SINusoid SQUare RAMP NRAMp TRIangle NOISe PRBS ARB 124 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Pulse Width Modulation PWM Modulat
35. address gt SYSTem COMMunicate GPIB ADDRess SYSTem COMMunicate ENABle lt state gt GPIB SYSTem COMMunicate ENABle GPIB LAN Configuration The following sections describe the primary LAN configuration functions that you can set from the 33500 Series front panel Utility menu SCPI commands are listed where applicable In addition there are some LAN configuration functions that can be performed only by using the SCPI commands For a complete listing of the LAN configuration commands see the Agilent 33500 Series Programmer s Reference Help Note Some LAN settings require you to cycle power on the instrument in order for them to be activated The instrument will briefly display a message on the screen when this is the case so be sure to watch the screen closely as you change LAN settings Resetting the LAN You can clear the Web Interface password turn DHCP on and restart the LAN at any time with the Reset LAN feature Front panel operation Press and press the I O Config softkey Then press LAN Reset The message Performing LAN Reset is displayed while the LAN is reset There is no SCPI command to reset the LAN 175 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Remote Interface Configuration DHCP On Off LAN DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol is a protocol for automatically assigning a dynamic IP address to a device on a network DHCP is typically the easiest way to configure your Agilent 33500 Series fo
36. allows you to specify what action you wish to perform Once you have chosen the action that you wish to perform press Browse to select the file to manage Once you are completely prepared to execute the task press the Perform softkey Remote Interface Operation see MEMory and MMEMory subsystems in Agilent 33500 Series Programmer s Reference Help 168 Chapter 3 Features and Functions System Related Operations Self Test A power on self test occurs automatically when you turn on the waveform generator This limited test assures you that the waveform generator is operational A complete self test runs a series of tests and takes approximately 15 seconds to execute If all tests pass you can have high confidence that the waveform generator is fully operational If the complete self test is successful Self Test Passed is displayed on the front panel If the self test fails Self Test Failed is displayed and an error number is shown Also one or more errors are logged to the system error queue See the Agilent 33500 Series Service Guide for instructions on returning the instrument to Agilent for service Front Panel Operation Press ersen and then select Instr Setup and Self Test Remote Interface Operation ATS TT The self test returns 0 if the self test passes or 1 if it fails If the self test fails the instrument also generates one or more error message with additional information on why
37. also use the APPLy command to select the function frequency amplitude and offset with a single command 115 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Phase Modulation PM Modulating Waveform Shape The waveform generator will accept an internal or external modulation source for PM Modulating waveform shape internal source Sine default Square Pulse UpRamp DnRamp Triangle Noise or PRBS Square has 50 duty cycle UpRamp has 100 symmetry wo Triangle has 50 symmetry AN DnRamp has 0 symmetry ia e Noise white gaussian noise PRBS Pseudo Random Bit Sequence polynomial PN7 e You can use noise as the modulating waveshape but you cannot use noise or DC as the carrier waveform Front Panel Operation After enabling PM press the Shape softkey Remote Interface Operation PM INTernal FUNCtion SINusoid SQUare RAMP NRAMp TRIangle NOISe PRBS ARB 116 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Phase Modulation PM Modulating Waveform Frequency The waveform generator will accept an internal or external modulation source for PM The external modulation input has a 3dB bandwidth of 100 kHz Modulating frequency internal source 1 uHz to 30 MHz The default is 10 Hz Front Panel Operation After enabling PM press the PM Freq softkey Remote Interface Operation SOURce 1 2 PM INTernal FREQuency lt frequency gt MINimum MAXimum Phase Deviation The
38. and cursor keys 37 Chapter 2 Front Panel Menu Operation To Output a Modulated Waveform Select the modulating waveform shape Press the Shape softkey to select the shape of the modulating waveform For this example select a sine wave Set the modulating frequency Press More and then the AM Freq softkey Set the value to 200 Hz using the numeric keypad or the knob and cursor keys Press the Hz softkey to finish entering the number if you are using the numeric keypad 38 N Chapter 2 Front Panel Menu Operation To Output an FSK Waveform To Output an FSK Waveform You can configure the waveform generator to shift its output frequency between two preset values using FSK modulation The rate at which the shift happens is the FSK rate and this FSK rate is determined by the internal rate generator or the signal level on the rear panel Ext Trig connector The two frequencies that the signal shifts between are called the carrier frequency and the hop frequency For this example you will set the carrier frequency to 3 kHz and the hop frequency to 500 Hz with an FSK rate of 100 Hz SS m jeri Select the function frequency and amplitude of the carrier Press and then press the Sine softkey Press the Frequency Amplitude and Offset softkeys to configure the carrier waveform For this example select a 3 kHz sine wave with an amplitude of 5 Vpp with 0 offset S
39. and reset instrument WriteString CLS WriteString RST Sleep 1000 Call WaitForOPC mFio x Clearing Volatile memory Caution This program will erase all unsaved data in volatile memory If necessary save that information before running this example program WriteString DATA VOLatile CLEar 227 Chapter 4 Application Programs Program Listings End With Loading arb files into waveform memory With mFio WriteString MMEM LOAD DATA INT BUILTIN SINC ARB Call WaitForOPC mFio WriteString MMEM LOAD DATA INT BUILTIN CARDIAC ARB Call WaitForOPC mFio WriteString MMEM LOAD DATA INT BUILTIN HAVERSINE ARB Call WaitForOPC mFio End With Build a sequence descriptor string consisting of arbitrary waveform segments strSeqDescriptor mySequence strSeqDescriptor strSeqDescriptor amp INT BUILTIN SINC ARB 5 once maintain 12 strSeqDescriptor strSeqDescriptor amp INT BUILTIN CARDIAC ARB 5 repeat highAtStart 35 strSeqDescriptor strSeqDescriptor amp INT BUILTIN HAVERSINE ARB 0 once lowAtStart 10 strSeqDescriptor strSeqDescriptor amp INT BUILTIN SINC ARB 0 once highAtStartGoLow 7 Calculate the header of the sequence command trHeader amp CStr Len CStr Len strSeqDescriptor amp Len strSeqDescriptor aUu CStr Append the header information and sequence descripto
40. and then press the Frequency softkey to toggle to the setting to Period Remote Interface Operation SOURce 1 2 FREQuency lt frequency gt MINimum MAXimum You can also use the APPLy command to select the function frequency amplitude and offset with a single command Output Amplitude The default amplitude is 100 mVpp into 50 ohms for all functions Offset Voltage Limitations The relationship between output amplitude and offset voltage is shown below Vmax is the maximum peak voltage for the selected output termination 5 volts for a 50Q load or 10 volts for a high impedance load Vpp lt 2 Vmax Voffset Limits Due to Output Termination If you change the output termination setting the displayed output amplitude will be adjusted to reflect the new setting but the actual amplitude of the output signal will not be changed For example if you set the amplitude to 10 Vpp and then change the output termination from 50 ohms to high impedance the amplitude displayed on the waveform generator s front panel will double to 20 Vpp If you change from high impedance to 50 ohms the displayed amplitude will drop in half For more information see Output Termination on page 89 Limits Due to Units Selection In some cases the amplitude limits are determined by the output units selected This might occur when the units are Vrms or dBm due to the differences in crest factor for the various ou
41. anomaly will be more obvious M1 150 438 6 mY System gt Zoom 5p Horizontal ETT Pan Marker Show Done All Vertical G Gq 2 Now set the first softkey to Vertical to zoom vertically Set the Zoom to 500 Notice that we have zoomed in on the voltage axis but we are too low to see the 4 2 V anomaly in the sine wave M1 150 438 6 mY System gt Zoom 51D Horizontal ETT Pan Marker Show Done Al 4 Vertical G 68 Chapter 2 Front Panel Menu Operation To Set up an Arbitrary Waveform 3 Press Pan and set the Pan to 3 V in order to move higher on the waveform The 4 2 V point is now clearly visible Horizontal Vertical M1 150 438 6 mV Pan Paii ay Done 4 To see the entire waveform again press Show All Then press Done and Done again to return to the Edit Points screen Edit Points Point Voltage M1 150 438 6 mV To Advanced Edit Remove Done Point Insert Point 69 Chapter 2 Front Panel Menu Operation To Set up an Arbitrary Waveform Insert Remove Copy and Paste Points 1 Press Insert Point 15 times and watch the display carefully You will see 15 new waveform points at the same voltage level M1 165 438 6 mV Edit Points 163 Point Voltage Insert Remove Advanced Done G Point Point Edit 2 Change the Point to 220 and press Remove Point 20 times watching the display carefully as you do so in order
42. by the burst count is output at the waveform frequency In the external gated mode the waveform frequency is output when the external gate signal is true Keep in mind that the waveform frequency is different than the burst period which specifies the interval between bursts triggered mode only Waveform frequency 1 uHz to 30 MHz limited to 200 kHz for ramps The default waveform frequency is 1 kHz For an internally triggered burst waveform the minimum frequency is 126 wHz You can select a sine square triangle ramp pulse or arbitrary waveform noise is allowed only in the gated burst mode and DC is not allowed Front Panel Operation Freq softkey for the sel To set the waveform frequency press the ected function Then use the knob or numeric keypad to enter the desired frequency Remote Interface Operation SOURce 1 2 FREQuency lt frequency gt MINimum MAXimum You can also use the AP PLy command to select the function frequency amplitude and offset with a single command 144 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Burst Mode Burst Count The burst count defines the number of cycles to be output per burst Used in the triggered burst mode only internal or external source Burst count 1 to 100 000 000 cycles in 1 cycle increments You can also select an infinite burst count The default is 1 cycle When the Internal trigger source is selected the specified number of
43. connector Front Panel Operation After enabling sweeps press and then press Start Stop to toggle to the Cntr Span softkey Then use the knob or numeric keypad to enter the desired values Remote Interface Operation SOURce 1 2 FREQuency CENTer lt frequency gt MINimum MAXimum SOURce 1 2 FREQuency SPAN lt frequency gt MINimum MAXimum 134 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Frequency Sweep Sweep Mode You can sweep with either linear or logarithmic spacing For a linear sweep the waveform generator varies the output frequency linearly during the sweep For a logarithmic sweep the waveform generator varies the output frequency logarithmically The selected mode does not affect the sweep return from stop to start if one is set The sweep return is always linear Sweep mode Linear default Logarithmic or List Front Panel Operation After enabling sweeps press the Linear softkey again to toggle between the linear or log mode Remote Interface Operation SOURce 1 2 SWEep SPACing LINear LOGarithmic Sweep Time The sweep time specifies the number of seconds required to sweep from the start frequency to the stop frequency The number of discrete frequency points in the sweep is automatically calculated by the waveform generator based on the sweep time Sweep time 1 ms to 250 000 seconds The default is 1 second For a linear sweep in immediate trigger mode the maximu
44. contain up to 255 characters 113 Undefined header 165 Chapter 3 Features and Functions System Related Operations Beeper Control Normally the waveform generator will emit a tone when an error is generated from the front panel or over the remote interface You may want to disable the front panel beeper for certain applications The beeper state is stored in non volatile memory and does not change when power has been off or after a remote interface reset When shipped from the factory the beeper is enabled Turning off the beeper does not disable the key click generated when you press a front panel key or turn the knob Front Panel Operation Press ersen then System Setup User Settings and Beeper Remote Interface Operation SYSTem BEEPer Issue a single beep immediately SYSTem BEEPer STATe OFF ON Disable enable beeper Display Screen Saver The front panel display backlight will normally turn off and the screen will go blank after 8 hours of inactivity For certain applications you may want to disable the screen saver feature This feature is available from the front panel only The screen saver setting is stored in non volatile memory and does not change when power has been off or after a remote interface reset When shipped from the factory the screen saver mode is enabled Front Panel Operation Press system then System Setup User Settings Display Options and Scr
45. current LAN configuration Front panel operation Press and press I O Config and LAN Settings There is no SCPI command to display the configuration screen Note This display reflects only the settings that are currently active Also this display is static It does not update information for events that have occurred after the information is displayed For example if DHCP assigns an IP address while the display is open you will not see the new IP address If the instrument goes into remote all LAN changes will be canceled and the display will go to a different screen Re selecting the LAN Settings page will display the new settings if a LAN restart took place Additional SCPI Configuration Commands LAN There are some additional LAN configuration commands not covered here that are covered in the Agilent 33500 Series Programmer s Reference Help 181 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Remote Interface Configuration Agilent 33500 Series Web Interface The Agilent 33500 Series provides a web interface resident in the instrument You can use this interface over the LAN to view and modify the instrument s I O configuration Also a remote front panel interface is provided which allows you to control the instrument over the network To access and use the web interface 1 5 Ensure that your PC includes Microsoft Internet Explorer version 6 0 or later and Java Virtual Machine JVM Establish LAN interf
46. current arbitrary waveform to defined arb pulse WriteString SOURCE1 VOLT 2 set max waveform amplitude to 2 Vpp WriteString SOURCE1 VOLT OFFSET 0 set offset to 0 V WriteString OUTPUT1 LOAD 50 set output load to 50 ohms WriteString SOURCE1 FUNCtion ARB SRATe 40000 set sample rate WriteString SOURcel FUNCtion ARB turn on arb function This example creates an arbitrary waveform in volatile memory To save the waveform to non volatile memory use one of the following commands MMEMory STOR DATA1 INT TESTARB arb Stores the arb to internal memory as TESTARB arb MMEMory STOR DATA1 USB TESTARB arb Stores the arb to a USB flash drive as TESTARB arb Enable output WriteString OUTPUT1 ON turn on channel 1 output Sleep 1000 End With 225 Chapter 4 Application Programs Program Listings Text2 Text Text2 Text amp Arb Wave output set on Channell amp vbCrLf Exit Sub MyError Text2 Err Description Resume Next End Sub Private Sub Form _Load Text2 Text End Sub Private Function WaitForOPC mFio As VisaComLib FormattedI0488 Do Dim strResult As String With mFio WriteString OPC strResult ReadString End With If InStr strResult 1 gt 0 Then Exit Do End If Loop End Function 226 Chapter 4 Application Programs Program Listings Example Sequencing This program found in the Examples chapter6 PulseWidthMod subdirector
47. current units selection for both front panel and remote interface operations For example if you select VRMS from the remote interface the units are displayed as VRMS on the front panel The output units for amplitude cannot be set to dBm if the output termination is currently set to high impedance This is because calculating dBm requires a finite load impedance In this case the units are automatically converted to Vpp Front Panel Operation Use the numeric keypad to enter the desired magnitude and then press the appropriate softkey to select the units You can also convert from one unit to another from the front panel For example to convert 2 Vpp to its equivalent value in Vrms press and then press the Ampl As softkey then the Vrms softkey The converted value is 707 1 mVrms for a sine wave Remote Interface Operation VOLTage UNIT VPP VRMS DBM 88 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Output Configuration Output Termination Applies to output amplitude and offset voltage only The 33500 Series has a fixed series output impedance of 50 ohms to the front panel channel output connectors If the actual load impedance is different than the value specified the displayed amplitude and offset levels will not reflect actual voltages at the load Output termination 1 to 10 KQO or infinite The default is 50 Q The tab at the top of each channel indicates the value of this setting TSine OFF 500 Frequ
48. do some of the various tasks e Configure Period Frequency Configure Amplitude or High and Low Voltage e Configure Offset e Configure Phase e Configure Duty Cycle Configure Symmetry Configure Pulse Width Configure Edge Times Configure Arbitrary Waveforms Configure Bandwidth Configure PRBS Data Configure Bit Rate unis Specify what units and parameters to use for various waveforms e Specify whether to use Frequency or Period e Specify whether to use Amplitude and Offset or High and Low Voltage e Specify which voltage units to use e Specify whether to use Pulse Width or Duty Cycle e Specify whether to configure Frequency sweep as Center Span or Start Stop 31 Chapter 2 Front Panel Menu Operation Front Panel Menu Reference woduiate Configure the parameters for modulation Turn modulation on or off e Specify the modulation type e Specify the modulation source e Specify parameters for AM FM PM PWM BPSK FSK and Sum modulation sweep Configure the parameters for frequency sweep e Turn sweep on or off e Select linear logarithmic or frequency list sweeping e View and edit a list of frequencies to sweep e Select the time in seconds required to complete a sweep e Select the start stop frequencies or center span frequencies e Specify dwell hold and return times sust Configure the parameters for burst e Turn burst on or off Sele
49. follow the carrier waveform The command for doing this is called OUTPut 1 2 SYNC MODE CARRier see the Agilent 33500 Series Programmer s Reference Help for details 96 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Output Configuration For a triggered burst the Sync signal is a TTL high when the burst begins The Sync signal is a TTL low at the end of the specified number of cycles may not be the zero crossing point if the waveform has an associated start phase For an infinite count burst the Sync signal is the same as for a continuous waveform For an externally gated burst the Sync signal follows the external gate signal However the signal will not go to a TTL low until the end of the last cycle may not be the zero crossing point if the waveform has an associated start phase Front Panel Operation Press and press the Sync softkey again to toggle between Off and On You can also press Sync Setup to configure Sync Remote Interface Operation OUTPut SYNC OFF ON OUTPUT 1 2 SYNC MODE CARRier NORMal MARKer OUTPUT 1 2 SYNC POLARITY NORMAL INVerted OUTPUT SYNC SOURCE CH1 CH2 97 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Pulse Waveforms Pulse Waveforms As shown below a pulse or square waveform consists of a period a pulse width a rising edge and a falling edge lt 90 90 50 50 eo Pulse Width d9 10 10 Period Leading EdgeTime Trailing
50. from the embedded waveform editor press Edit Points Advanced Edit Perform Math and Advanced Math M1 35 0 9432 mY M2 170 750 mY Marker Add Subtract Multiply Advanced Done 11 2 Math The Advanced Math menu will open with the following screen Each of the operations shown below will be described below using images taken before and after each operation to demonstrate the operations effects Operation Hel 202 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Embedded Waveform Editor Invert reflects the waveform across the horizontal axis Image Before Operation M1 35 0 9432 mY M2 170 750 mY Marker Add Subtract Multiply Advanced Done Math oO t Image After Operation M1 35 0 943 mY M2 170 750 mY Marker Add Subtract Multiply Advanced Done Math oO t 203 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Embedded Waveform Editor Absolute replaces all negative waveform values with their positive equivalents Image Before Operation M1 35 0 9432 mY M2 170 750 mY Edit Points gt Math Marker Add Subtract Multiply Advanced Done 1 Math Image After Operation M1 35 0 9432 mY M2 170 750 mY Edit Points gt Math Marker Add Subtract Multiply Advanced Done 1 Math 204 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Embedded Waveform Editor Mirror reverses order of the points in the range Image Before Operation M1 35 0 9432 mY M2
51. glitches and noise Also arbitrary waveforms can be very complex making them suitable for simulating the signals that occur in modern communications systems For each channel you can create arbitrary waveforms of up to 1 000 000 points 16 000 000 points with Option 002 The instrument stores these numeric data points known as samples in memory and then converts them into voltages as the waveform is generated The frequency at which points are read is the sample rate and the waveform frequency equals the sample rate divided by the number of points in the waveform For example suppose a waveform has 37 points and the sample rate is 162 4 MHz The frequency would be 162 4 MHz 37 4 889 MHz and its period which is the reciprocal of its frequency would be 227 8 ns frequency 1 period sample rate number of points The maximum frequency of an arbitrary waveform is the maximum sample rate of the instrument 250 MHz divided by the number of points in the waveform Every arbitrary waveform must have at least 8 points 240 Chapter 5 Tutorial Arbitrary Waveforms Waveform Filters The instrument includes two filters to smooth the transitions between points as arbitrary waveforms are generated The Normal filter setting gives a wide flat frequency response but its step response exhibits overshoot and ringing The Step setting gives a nearly ideal step response but it has more roll off in its frequency response th
52. gt MINimum MAXimum 100 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Pulse Waveforms Edge Times The edge times set the transition times for the leading and trailing edges of the pulse either independently or together For each transition leading or trailing edge the edge time represents the time between the 10 and 90 thresholds Edge time 8 4 ns to 1 ps see restrictions below The default edge time is 10 ns The specified edge time must fit within the specified pulse width as shown below The waveform generator will adjust the edge time as needed to accommodate the specified pulse width Front Panel Operation After selecting the pulse function press the Edge Times softkey Then use the Lead Edge and Trail Edge softkeys followed by the knob or numeric keypad to enter the desired edge times Remote Interface Operation FUNCtion PULSe TRANSition LEADing lt seconds gt MINimum MAXimum FUNCtion PULSe TRANsSition TRAiling lt seconds gt MINimum MAXimum HJ FUNCtion PULSe TRANsSition BOTH lt seconds gt MINimum MAXimum 101 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Amplitude Modulation AM Amplitude Modulation AM A modulated waveform consists of a carrier waveform and a modulating waveform In AM the amplitude of the carrier is varied by the instantaneous level of the modulating waveform The
53. is typically the easiest way to establish LAN communication for your instrument All you need to do is leave DHCP on Contact your LAN administrator for more information 57 Chapter 2 Front Panel Menu Operation To Configure the Remote Interface Establish an IP Setup If you are not using DHCP if you have pressed the first softkey to switch DHCP to Manual you must establish an IP setup including an IP address and possibly a subnet mask and gateway address The IP Address and Subnet Mask buttons are on the main screen and you press More to get to the Gateway configuration feature Manual Configuration MAC Address IP Address W254 5 2 Gateway 0 0 0 0 Subnet Mask 255 255 0 0 DNS Prim Addr 0 0 0 0 DNS Sec Addr 0 0 0 0 WINS Prim Addr 0 0 0 0 WINS Sec Addr 0 0 0 0 Host Name amp mDNS Service Manual Host IP Subnet Done More DHCP c Name Address Mask pp lt of 3 Contact your network administrator for the IP address subnet mask and gateway to use All IP addresses take the dot notation form nnn nnn nnn nnn where nnn in each case is a byte value in the range 0 through 255 You can enter a new IP address using the numeric keypad not the knob Just type in the numbers and the period delimiters using the keypad Use the left cursor key as a backspace key Do not enter leading zeros For further information see More about IP Addresses and Dot Notation at the end of this section
54. met Additional Safety Notices The following general safety precau tions must be observed during all phases of operation of this instrument Failure to comply with these precau tions or with specific warnings or instructions elsewhere in this manual violates safety standards of design manufacture and intended use of the instrument Agilent Technologies assumes no liability of the customer s failure to comply with the require ments General Do not use this product in any manner not specified by the manufacturer The protective features of this product may be impaired if it is used in a manner not specified in the operation instructions Before Applying Power Verify that all safety precautions are taken Make all connections to the unit before applying power and select the appropriate power line voltage on the fuse module Ground the Instrument This product is provided with protec tive earth terminals To minimize shock hazard the instrument must be con nected to the ac power mains through a grounded power cable with the ground wire firmly connected to an electrical ground safety ground at the power outlet Any interruption of the protec tive grounding conductor or discon nection of the protective earth terminal will cause a potential shock hazard that could result in personal injury Do Not Operate in an Explosive Atmosphere Do not operate the instrument in the presence of flammable gases or f
55. must be expressed with care This is because most web software on the PC will interpret byte values with leading zeros as octal numbers Thus 255 255 020 011 is actually equivalent to the decimal 255 255 16 9 rather than 255 255 20 11 because 020 is interpreted as 16 expressed in octal and 011 as 9 To avoid confusion it is best to use only decimal expressions of byte values 0 to 255 with no leading zeros The Agilent 33500 Series assumes that all IP addresses and other dot notation addresses are expressed as decimal byte values and strips all leading zeros from these byte values Thus if you try to enter 255 255 020 011 in the IP address field it becomes 255 255 20 11 a purely decimal expression You should enter exactly the same expression 255 255 20 11 in your PC web software to address the instrument Do not use 255 255 020 011 the PC will interpret that address differently due to the leading zeros 60 Chapter 2 Front Panel Menu Operation To Set up an Arbitrary Waveform To Set up an Arbitrary Waveform The Agilent 33500 Series includes an embedded waveform editor that allows you to create and edit arbitrary waveforms You can create these waveforms by editing voltage values directly or by using any combination of up to 12 different kinds of standard waveforms The following tutorial shows you how to create and edit a basic waveform Insert Built in Wa
56. on triggering Trigger Out Signal A trigger out signal is provided on the rear panel Trig Out connector used with burst and sweep only When enabled a TTL compatible pulse waveform with either a rising edge default or falling edge is output from the Trig Out connector at the beginning of the burst When the Internal immediate trigger source is selected the waveform generator outputs a square waveform with a 50 duty cycle from the Trig Out connector at the beginning of the burst The frequency of the waveform is equal to the specified burst period When the External trigger source is selected the waveform generator automatically disables the trigger out signal The Trig Out connector cannot be used for both operations at the same time an externally triggered waveform uses the same connector to trigger the burst When the Manual trigger source is selected the waveform generator outputs a pulse gt 1 us pulse width from the Trig Out connector at the beginning of each burst Front Panel Operation After enabling bursts press and the Trig Out Setup softkey Then select the desired edge by pressing the Trig Out softkey Remote Interface Operation OUTPut TRIGger SLOPe POSitive NEGative OUTPut TRIGger OFF ON 149 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Triggering Triggering Applies to sweep and burst only You can issue triggers for sweeps or bursts using internal triggering external
57. or Arbitrary waveform You cannot use Noise or DC as the carrier waveform Front Panel Operation Press and select any waveform except Noise or DC To select an arbitrary waveform press Arb and Arbs and then press Select Arb to select the active waveform Remote Interface Operation FUNCtion SINusoid SQUare RAMP PULSe PRBS NOISe ARB You can also use the APPLy command to select the function frequency amplitude and offset with a single command When the carrier is an arbitrary waveform modulation affects the sample clock instead of the full cycle defined by the arbitrary waveform sample set Because of this applying pulse modulation to arbitrary waveforms is limited Carrier Frequency The maximum carrier frequency depends on the function selected as shown below Carrier frequency must be greater than 20 times the peak modulation frequency The default is 1 kHz for all functions Function Minimum Frequency Maximum Frequency Sine 1 Hz 30 MHz Square 1 uHz 30 MHz Ramp Tri 1 Hz 200 kHz Pulse 1 Hz 30 MHz PRBS 1 mBPS 50 MBPS Arbs 1 uSa sec 250 MSa sec 114 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Phase Modulation PM Front Panel Operation To set the carrier frequency press the Frequency softkey for the selected function Then use the knob or numeric keypad to enter the desired frequency Remote Interface Operation SOURce 1 2 FREQuency lt frequency gt MINimum MAXimum You can
58. or C2 and select the Output Load softkey Then press Set To 50 Q Set To High Z or Load If you select Load use the knob or numeric keypad to select the impedance Remote Interface Operation OUTPut 1 2 LOAD lt ohms gt INFinity MINimum MAXimum 90 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Output Configuration Duty Cycle Square Waves The duty cycle of a square wave represents the fraction of time per cycle that the square wave is at a high level assuming that the waveform is not inverted 20 Duty Cycle 80 Duty Cycle See Pulse Waveforms on page 98 for information about duty cycle for pulse waveforms Duty Cycle 0 01 to 99 99 at low frequencies range is reduced at higher output frequency The duty cycle is stored in volatile memory the default value is 50 The duty cycle setting is remembered when you change from square wave to another function The duty cycle setting does not apply to a square waveform used as the modulating waveform for AM FM PM or PWM A 50 duty cycle is always used for a modulating square waveform The duty cycle setting applies only to a square waveform carrier Front Panel Operation After selecting the square wave function press the Duty Cycle softkey Then use the knob or numeric keypad to enter the desired duty cycle If you use the numeric keypad press Percent to complete the entry Remote Interface Operation FUNCtion SQUare DCYCle lt percent gt MI
59. outputs 157 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Dual Channel Operations 33522A Only Combine The Combine feature allows you to combine two outputs into one connector If you choose CH2 from the Channel 1 menu the channels are combined on channel 1 and if you choose CH1 from the Channel 2 menu the channels are combined on channel 2 In the image below the yellow waveform is a 100 mVpp 1 kHz sine wave on channel 1 and the green waveform is a 100 mVpp 14 kHz sine wave on channel 2 The violet trace is a Sync signal derived from channel 1 This image shows the two outputs combined on channel 1 158 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Dual Channel Operations 33522A Only The signals being combined do not have to be of the same type for example this image shows the same 14 kHz channel on channel 2 combined with a 100 mVpp square wave on channel 1 N l NAN p NN When signals are combined the DC Offset values are not added together Only the DC Offset from the receiving channel is used in the combined output The figure below shows 50 a mV DC Offset added to Channel 1 The 50 mV offset added to Channel 2 is ignored 159 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Dual Channel Operations 33522A Only Logic signal amplitudes are added in the same way as any other signal They are not OR d together For example consider the signals below When these are combined the amplitudes are added as sho
60. phase deviation setting represents the peak variation in phase of the modulated waveform from the carrier waveform The phase deviation can be set from 0 to 360 degrees The default is 180 degrees Front Panel Operation After enabling PM press Phase Dev Then use the knob or numeric keypad to enter the desired deviation Remote Interface Operation PM DEViation lt deviation_in_degrees gt MINimum MAXimum When the carrier is an arbitrary waveform the deviation applies to the sample clock Therefore the effect observed on the full arbitrary waveform is much less than that seen with standard waveforms The extent of the reduction depends on the number of points in the arbitrary waveform 117 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Phase Modulation PM Modulating Source The waveform generator will accept an internal or external modulation source for PM Modulating source Internal default Other Channel or External Ifyou select the External source the carrier waveform is modulated with an external waveform The phase deviation is controlled by the 5 V signal level present on the rear panel Modulation In connector For example if you have set the deviation to 180 degrees then a 5 V signal level corresponds to a 180 degree phase shift Lower external signal levels produce less deviation Modulation In 5V s 5V OV 5 V Front Panel Operation After enabling PM press the
61. pulse width deviation for a 1 kHz pulse waveform with a 5Hz sine wave modulating waveform Select the carrier waveform parameters Press and then press Pulse Use the Frequency Amplitude Offset Pulse Width and Edge Times softkeys to configure the carrier waveform For this example select a 1 kHz pulse waveform with an amplitude of 1 Vpp zero offset a pulse width of 100 us and an edge time of 50 ns both leading and trailing YSine OFF 500 Frequency 1 000 000 000kHz Amplitude 1 000 000 Vpp Offset 0 000 Pulse Width EMON Edge Time 50 0ns Phase 0 000 Frequency Amplitude Offset Pulse Edge Phase CG G G Width L Times ri 41 Chapter 2 Front Panel Menu Operation To Output a PWM Waveform 2 Select PWM Press and choose Type then PWM Then press the first softkey Modulate to turn modulation on Notice the status message PWM Modulated by Sine in the upper left corner of the display Vsine OFF 502 Frequency 1 000 000 000kHz Amplitude 1 000 Vpp Offset 0 000 V Pulse Width 100 000 0us Edge Time 50 0ns Width Dev BOTTEN PWM Freq 10 000 000 Hz Modulate Type Source Width Shape PWM Off On PWM Internal QR Sine Freq 3 Set the width deviation Press the Width Dev softkey and set the value to 20 us using the numeric keypad or the knob and cursor keys Width Dev FOLIA PWM Freq 10 000 000 Hz Modulate Type Source Width Shape PWM Off On PWM J Internal ee
62. storage 163 instrument states naming from front panel 51 storing from front panel 51 interface web 182 interface bus trigger 152 interface configuration 53 174 interface errors 165 internal trigger 151 invert waveform 94 IP address 177 dot notation 60 further information 60 L LAN Configuration 175 configuration 181 connector 10 DHCP 176 DNS server 180 domain name 180 front panel configuration 55 gateway 178 host name 179 IP address 177 reset 175 setting address 55 subnet mask 178 LAN configuration 53 174 LCD display 8 bulb saver mode 166 load 35 89 load impedance effect on amplitude 89 load termination 35 effect on amplitude 89 low level setting 15 M MAC address 181 manage files 168 manual trigger 151 marker frequency 137 menu operation 29 message calibration 189 modulation 37 119 AM 102 FM 107 FSK 119 PM 113 PWM 123 modulation depth AM 105 modulation depth percent modulation 37 Modulation In connector 106 112 122 131 modulation source AM 106 FM 112 FSK 122 PM 118 126 PWM 131 N naming stored states front panel operation 51 n cycle burst 246 new folder 168 number entry 9 number keypad 9 numeric entry 9 O offset amplitude limitations 86 arb waveform limitations 87 front panel selection 13 load limitations 86 output connector 93 enable disable 93 polarity 94 output amplitude arb waveform limitations 85 front panel selection 10 load limitations 84 offset limitations 8
63. supply controller firmware revision DD FPGA revision EE PCBA revision Front Panel Operation Press system then Help and About Remote Interface Operation Use the following command to read the waveform generator s firmware revision numbers TDN This command returns a string in the form Agilent Technologies Model Number 10 char Serial Number A aa B bb C cc DD EE SCPI Language Version Query The waveform generator complies with the rules and conventions of the present version of SCPI Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments You can determine the SCPI version with which the instrument is in compliance by sending a query from the remote interface You cannot query the SCPI version from the front panel Remote Interface Operation SYSTem VERSion Returns a string in the form YYYY V where YYYY represents the year of the version and V represents a version number for that year e g 1999 0 172 Chapter 3 Features and Functions System Related Operations License Installation for Option 002 The waveform generator includes has an optional feature option 002 for extended waveform memory Install the license for this option as follows 1 Install the license file onto a USB drive and insert the USB drive into the instrument s front panel 2 Press orem then System Setup then Install License 3 Use the knob and arrows to select the file under External t
64. system file space is limited to 64 MB approximately 32 MSa of arbitrary waveform records INSTRUMENT STATE Store Recall User defined instrument states Power Off Power Off state automatically saved Power On Selectable Reset Power Off or User State USB File System Front panel port Capability Speed USB 2 0 high speed mass storage MSC class device Read or Write instrument configuration settings instrument states and User Arbitrary waveform and sequence files 10 MB s nominal GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS COMPUTER INTERFACES LXI C rev 1 3 10 100Base T Ethernet Sockets amp VXI 11 protocol USB 2 0 USB TBC488 protocol GPIB IEEE 488 1 IEEE 488 2 Web User Remote operation and monitoring Interface Programming SCPI 1999 IEEE 488 2 Language Agilent 33210A 33220A compatible Graphical 4 3 Color TFT WQVGA Display 480x272 with LED backlight MECHANICAL Size 261 1mm W x 103 8mm H x 303 2mm D with bumpers installed 212 8mm W x 88 3mm H x 272 3mm D with bumpers removed 2U x 1 2 width Weight 33521A 3 2 k g 7 1 Ibs 33522A 3 3 kg 7 2 lbs ENVIRONMENTAL Storage 40 C to 70 C Temperature Warm Up Time 1 hour Operating EN61010 Pollution Degree 2 Environment Indoor Locations Operating 0 C to 55 C Temperature Operating 5 to 80 RH non condensing Humidity Operating up to 3000 meters Altitude REGULATORY Safety
65. the I O menu Press and then press the I O Config and GPIB Settings softkeys Then press the GP IB Address softkey Frequency 1 000 000 000kHz Amplitude 100 000mVpp Offset 0 000 V Phase 0 000 System gt 1 0 GPIB GP IB Enabled SCCUR 53 Chapter 2 Front Panel Menu Operation To Configure the Remote Interface Set the GPIB address Use the knob and cursor keys or the numeric keypad to select a GPIB address in the range 0 through 30 the factory default is 10 Press Enter when done if you are using the numeric keypad Frequency 1 000 000 000kHz Amplitude 100 000mVpp Offset 0 000 Phase 0 000 gt 1 0 15_ USB Configuration The USB interface requires no front panel configuration parameters Just connect the Agilent 33500 Series to your PC with the appropriate USB cable The interface will configure itself The instrument supports both USB 1 1 and USB 2 0 54 Chapter 2 Front Panel Menu Operation To Configure the Remote Interface LAN Configuration There are several parameters that you might need to set to establish network communication using the LAN interface Primarily you will need to establish an IP address You might need to contact your network administrator for help in establishing communication with the LAN interface Select the I O menu Press and then press the I O Config softkey Sine OFF 509 1 000 000 000kHz 100 0m Vpp 0 000 V 0 00 S
66. the IP address using the numeric keypad or knob The IP address is stored in non volatile memory and does not change when power has been off or after a remote interface reset Front panel operation Press and press the I O Config softkey Then press LAN Settings and Modify Settings Finally toggle the first softkey to read Manual and press IP Address to enter a new IP address Enter the desired address Remote interface operation SYSTem COMMunicate LAN IPADdress lt address gt SYSTem COMMunicate LAN IPADdress More About Dot Notation Dot notation addresses nnn nnn nnn nnn where nnn is a byte value must be expressed with care as most web software on the PC will interpret byte values with leading zeros as octal numbers For example 192 168 020 011 is actually equivalent to decimal 192 168 16 9 not 192 168 20 11 because 020 is interpreted as 16 expressed in octal and 011 as 9 To avoid confusion use only decimal expressions of byte values 0 to 255 with no leading zeros For example the 33500 Series assumes that all dot notation addresses are expressed as decimal byte values and strips all leading zeros from these byte values Thus attempting to set an IP address of 192 168 020 011 will become 192 168 20 11 a purely decimal expression Be sure to enter the exact expression 192 168 20 11 in your PC web software to address the instrument Do not use 192 168 020 011 the PC will interpret
67. the amplitude from 10 to 90 of the amplitude setting 90 10 80 with either an internal or a full scale 5 V external modulating signal You may set depth as high as 120 as long as you do not exceed the instrument s maximum output voltage of 5 V into 50 Q 10 V into high impedance Modulating Signal He Modulated Carrier 100 depth shown feeb EEn oP 243 Chapter 5 Tutorial Modulation The equation for DSSC is y t d m t sin t In DSB SC the carrier signal is inverted whenever m t lt 0 For QAM the second carrier signal would be cos t making it 90 degrees out of phase from the first carrier Frequency Modulation FM Frequency modulation varies a carrier signal s frequency according to the modulating signal y t A sin o d m t t where m t is the modulating signal and d is the frequency deviation FM is called narrowband if the deviation is less than 1 of the modulating signal s bandwidth and wideband otherwise You can approximate the modulated signal s bandwidth with the following equations BW 2 Modulating Signal Bandwidth for narrowband FM BW 2 Deviation Modulating Signal Bandwidth for wideband FM Modulating Signal Modulated Carrier Phase Modulation PM PM is similar to FM but the phase of the carrier waveform is varied rather than the frequency y t sin t d m t where m t
68. the modulating waveshape but you cannot use noise arbitrary waveforms or DC as the carrier waveform Front Panel Operation After selecting FM press the Shape softkey Remote Interface Operation FM INTernal FUNCtion SINusoid SQUare RAMP NRAMp TRIangle NOISe PRBS ARB 110 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Frequency Modulation FM Modulating Waveform Frequency The waveform generator will accept an internal or external modulation source for FM Modulating frequency internal source 1 uHz to 30 MHz The default is 10 Hz Front Panel Operation After selecting FM press the FM Freq softkey Remote Interface Operation SOURce 1 2 FM INTernal FREQuency lt frequency gt MINimum MAXimum Frequency Deviation The frequency deviation setting represents the peak variation in frequency of the modulated waveform from the carrier frequency When the carrier is PRBS frequency deviation causes a change in the bit rate equal to one half of the set frequency For example a 10 kHz deviation is equivalent to a 5 KBPS change in bit rate Frequency deviation 1 wHz to carrier frequency 2 The default is 100 Hz The carrier frequency must always be greater than or equal to the deviation If you attempt to set the deviation to a value greater than the carrier frequency with FM enabled the waveform generator will limit the deviation to the maximum value allowed with the present carrier frequency
69. the signal level on the rear panel Ext Trig connector When a logic low level is present the carrier frequency is output When a logic high level is present the hop frequency is output The maximum external FSK rate is 1 MHz The connector used for externally controlled FSK waveforms Ext Trig is not the same connector that is used for externally modulated AM FM PM and PWM waveforms Modulation In When used for FSK the Ext Trig connector does not have adjustable edge polarity Front Panel Operation After enabling FSK press Source and choose the desired source Remote Interface Operation FSKey SOURce INTernal EXTernal 122 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Pulse Width Modulation PWM Pulse Width Modulation PWM In Pulse Width Modulation PWM the width of a pulse waveform is varied by the instantaneous voltage of the modulating waveform The width of the pulse can be expressed either as a pulse width expressed in time units like the period or a duty cycle expressed as a percentage of the period The waveform generator will accept an internal or external modulation source For more information on the fundamentals of Pulse Width Modulation refer to chapter 5 Tutorial To Select PWM Modulation The waveform generator only allows PWM to be selected for a pulse waveform The waveform generator will not allow PWM to be enabled when sweep or burst is enabled Front Panel Operation
70. the test failed 169 Chapter 3 Features and Functions System Related Operations Display Control For security reasons or to speed up the rate at which the waveform generator can execute commands from the remote interface you may want to turn off the front panel display From the remote interface you can also display a message on the front panel When disabled the front panel display is blanked however the display backlight remains enabled Pressing any key will turn the screen back on Sending a message to the front panel display from the remote interface overrides the display state This means that you can display a message even if the display is currently disabled The display is automatically enabled when power is cycled after an instrument reset RST command or when you return to local front panel operation Press the system key or execute the IEEE 488 GTL Go To Local command from the remote interface to return to the local state The display state is saved when you store the instrument state using SAV command When you recall the instrument state using RCL command the front panel display will return to the previous state You can display a text message on the front panel by sending a command from the remote interface You can use upper or lower case letters A Z numbers 0 9 and any other character on a standard computer keyboard Front Panel Operation Press sv System Setup
71. this address differently due to the leading zeros 177 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Remote Interface Configuration Subnet Mask LAN Subnetting allows the network administrator to divide a network into smaller networks to simplify administration and to minimize network traffic The subnet mask indicates the portion of the host address to be used to indicate the subnet Contact your network administrator to find out whether subnetting is being used and for the correct subnet mask Enter the subnet mask using the numeric keypad or knob The subnet mask is stored in non volatile memory and does not change when power has been off or after a remote interface reset e Press and press the I O Config softkey Then press LAN Settings and Modify Settings Finally toggle the first softkey to read Manual and press Subnet Mask to enter a new subnet mask Enter the appropriate mask for example 255 255 0 0 Remote interface operation e SYSTem COMMunicate LAN SMASk lt mask gt Default Gateway LAN A gateway is a network device that provides a connection between networks The default gateway setting is the IP address of such a device You need not set a gateway address if DHCP or Auto IP is in use Contact your network administrator to find out whether a gateway is being used and for the address e Enter the gateway address using the numeric keypad or knob e The gateway address is stored in non
72. waveform generator will accept an internal or external modulation source The 33500 Series offers two types of AM DSFC Double Sideband Full Carrier the type normally used for AM radio broadcasting and DSSC Double Sideband Suppressed Carrier For more information on the fundamentals of Amplitude Modulation refer to chapter 5 Tutorial To Select AM Modulation The 33500 Series will allow only one modulation mode to be enabled at a time on a channel For example you cannot simultaneously enable AM and FM When you enable AM any previous modulation mode is turned off The two channel 33522A can combine the modulated waveforms from two channels together by adding them see the COMBine command in the Agilent 33500 Series Programmer s Reference Help for details The modulation on each channel is independent of the modulation on the other channel See the PHASe SYNChronize command in the Agilent 33500 Series Programmer s Reference Help for details The waveform generator will not allow AM to be enabled at the same time as sweep or burst When you enable AM the sweep or burst mode is turned off Front Panel Operation You must select AM before setting up any of the other modulation parameters Press and then select AM using the Type softkey The AM waveform is output using the present settings for the carrier frequency modulating frequency output amplitude and offset voltage Remote Interface Operation To avoid m
73. 0 To Select a Stored Arbitrary Waveform on page 22 To Use the Built In Help System on page 23 To Rack Mount the Waveform Generator on page 26 Power Switch Chapter 1 Quick Start To Prepare the Waveform Generator for Use To Prepare the Waveform Generator for Use 1 Check the list of supplied items Verify that you have received the following items with your instrument If anything is missing please contact your nearest Agilent Sales Office Power cord for country of destination Certificate of Calibration Agilent 83500 Series Product Reference CD product software programming examples and manuals Agilent Automation Ready CD Agilent IO Libraries Suite USB 2 0 cable Note All of the 33500 Series product documentation is provided on the Agilent 33500 Series Product Reference CD that comes with the product and is also available on the Web at www agilent com find 33521A and www agilent com find 33522A Printed hardcopy manuals are available as an extra cost option Connect the power cord and turn on the waveform generator The instrument runs a power on self test When the instrument is ready for use it displays a message about how to obtain help along with the current IP address The instrument also displays the GPIB address if the GPIB option is installed and GPIB is enabled The waveform generator powers up in the sine wave function at 1 kHz with an amplitude of 100 mV peak to p
74. 010 ocxo Modulation Ext Trig Gate In FSK Burst i ie i ai JIJI 1 External 10 MHz Reference Input Terminal 2 Internal 10 MHz Reference Output Terminal 3 GPIB Interface Connector option 400 4 Chassis Ground 5 External Modulation Input Terminal 6 Input External Trig Gate FSK Burst 7 USB Interface Connector 8 Local Area Network LAN Connector 9 Instrument Cable Lock 10 AC Power WARNING For protection from electrical shock the power cord ground must not be defeated If only a two contact electrical outlet is available connect the instrument s chassis ground screw see above to a good earth ground 10 In This Book Quick Start Chapter 1 prepares the waveform generator for use and helps you get familiar with a few of its front panel features Front Panel Menu Operation Chapter 2 introduces you to the front panel menu and describes some of the waveform generator s menu features Features and Functions Chapter 3 gives a detailed description of the waveform generator s capabilities and operation You will find this chapter useful whether you are operating the waveform generator from the front panel or over the remote interface Application Programs Chapter 4 contains several remote interface application programs to help you develop programs for your application Tutorial Chapter 5 discusses the fundamentals of signal generation and modulation techniques Specifications Chapter 6 lists t
75. 07 Edit Points gt Table Point Voltage Insert Remove Point Point 199 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Embedded Waveform Editor Perform Math allows you to use markers to specify a range of the waveform You can then add subtract or multiply the voltage values in that range by the voltage values in another waveform M1 35 0 9432 mY M2 170 750 mY 1 Edit Points gt Math Marker Add Subtract Multiply Advanced Done Math oOo t Once you have pressed Add Subtract or Multiply the instrument displays a list of waveforms Pick the waveform and press OK Expo Fall Edit Points gt Math gt Add gt Built In Waveform Shape OK nil Hel 200 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Embedded Waveform Editor When you press OK the instrument displays a list of parameters that you can use to specify the waveform In this case the screen below shows that you picked D Lorentz You can also use the From Point and To Point parameters to specify the range of points on which to perform the mathematical operation D Lorentz Parameters Modify existing waveform Amplitude a From Pointe BE Offset To Point 170 Phase Ex aaa Cycles Fd Half Width i Edit Points gt Add gt Built In Waveform D Lorentz 201 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Embedded Waveform Editor Advanced Math Advanced Math allows you to perform several different types of operations on the waveform To open Advanced Math
76. 1 uHz 30 MHz Ramp Tri 1 pHz 200 kHz Pulse 1 pHz 30 MHz PRBS 1 pbps 50 Mbps Arb 1 uSa s 250 MSa s Function Limitations If you change to a function whose maximum frequency is less than that of the current function the frequency is adjusted to the maximum value for the new function For example if you are currently outputting a 20 MHz sine wave and then change to the ramp function the waveform generator will automatically adjust the output frequency to 200 kHz the upper limit for ramps and triangles e Burst Limitation For internally triggered bursts the minimum frequency is 126 uHz e Duty Cycle Limitations For Square and Pulse Duty Cycle is limited by the 16 ns minimum pulse width specification For example at 1 kHz Duty Cycle may be adjusted as low as 0 01 because that would result in a pulse width of 100 ns However at 1 MHz the minimum Duty Cycle is 1 6 and at 10 MHz it s 16 At 30 MHz Duty Cycle may only be adjusted from 48 to 52 If you change to a frequency that cannot produce the current duty cycle the duty cycle is automatically adjusted in order to meet the minimum pulse width specification 83 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Output Configuration Front Panel Operation To set the output frequency press the button then the Frequency softkey for the selected function Then use the knob or numeric keypad to enter the desired frequency To set the waveform period instead press
77. 36 start frequency 133 stop frequency 133 sweep time 130 135 136 Sync signal 133 trigger out signal 139 trigger output 155 trigger source 138 sweeps Sync signal 134 symmetry 92 symmetry definition 92 sync signal enable disable 97 for all waveform functions 95 Sync connector 95 system date 167 system error 165 system time 167 T technical support 11 phone numbers 3 Web site 3 temperature overload 27 terminal 10 MHz In 183 10 MHz Out 183 Modulation In 106 112 122 131 Sync Output 95 Trig In 154 Trig Out 155 termination 35 89 effect on amplitude 89 test 167 170 text message calibration 189 time 167 timebase external 183 tracking 157 158 Trig In connector 154 Trig Out connector 155 trigger burst 148 sweep 138 trigger out signal burst 149 trigger out signal sweep 139 trigger slope burst 148 sweep 138 triggering burst 149 external source 152 front panel operation 50 internal source 151 manual source 151 software bus source 152 sweep 139 Trig In connector 154 Trig Out connector 155 trigger sources 150 tutorial 239 U units amplitude 88 USB configuration 53 54 174 connector 10 USB Configuration 182 V version SCPI 172 voltage autorange 93 voltage overload 93 voltage units 88 vpp 88 vrms 88 W warranty 2 waveform invert 94 waveform output connector 93 enable disable 93 polarity 94 waveform polarity 94 waveform tutorial 239 web interface 182
78. 4 Chapter 3 Features and Functions System Related Operations Error Conditions A record of up to 20 command syntax or hardware errors can be stored in the waveform generator s error queue See the Agilent 83500 Series Programmer s Reference Help for a complete list of errors Errors are retrieved in first in first out FIFO order The first error returned is the first error that was stored Errors are cleared as you read them The waveform generator beeps once each time an error is generated unless you have disabled the beeper If more than 20 errors have occurred the last error stored in the queue the most recent error is replaced with Queue overflow No additional errors are stored until you remove errors from the queue If no errors have occurred when you read the error queue the waveform generator responds with No errors in queue The error queue is cleared by the CLS clear status command or when the power is cycled The errors are also cleared when you read the error queue The error queue is not cleared by an instrument reset RST command Front Panel Operation Press and Help and then select the topic entitled View the remote command error queue topic number 2 Then press the Select softkey to view the errors in the error queue Remote Interface Operation SYSTem ERRor Reads and clears one error from the error queue Errors have the following format the error string may
79. 4 range hold 93 unit limitations 84 units 88 output frequency burst limitations 83 duty cycle limitations 83 front panel selection 8 function limitations 83 output function allowed with modulation 80 amplitude limitations 81 frequency limitations 81 output impedance effect on amplitude 89 output load 89 output period front panel selection 8 output resistance 35 output termination 35 89 effect on amplitude 89 output units 88 output waveform polarity 94 overheating 27 overload voltage 93 overview display 8 front panel 7 number entry 9 product 6 rear panel 10 P password calibration 186 peak frequency deviation FM 111 peak voltage 249 peak to peak voltage 249 percent modulation AM 105 period burst mode 146 front panel selection 8 pulse waveform 98 phase burst 147 PHASe command 183 phase lock 183 phase offset 183 phase modulation carrier frequency 114 carrier waveform 114 modulating source 118 126 modulating waveform 116 124 phase deviation 117 125 phase offset phase lock 183 PM 116 124 carrier frequency 114 carrier waveform 114 modulating source 118 126 modulating waveform 116 124 modulation 113 phase deviation 117 125 polarity 94 polarity waveform 94 power connector 10 power cord 5 power switch 5 product dimensions 262 product overview 6 product specifications 255 programming examples 213 pulse front panel configuration 20 pulse edge time 101 pulse waveform pulse period 98 pulse width
80. 4000 On Error GoTo MyError Compute waveform Text2 Text Text2 Text Text2 Text amp Computing Waveform amp vbCrLf For 1 To 5 Waveform I Str I 1 5 Set rise time 5 points Next For 6 To 205 Waveform I 1 Set pulse width 200 points Next For 206 To 210 Waveform I Str 210 I 5 Set fall time 5 points Next For 211 To 4000 Waveform I 0 Set remaining points to zero Next 224 Chapter 4 Application Programs Program Listings DataStr Join Waveform Create string from data array With mFio Clear and reset instrument and increase the Visa Connection timeout to 40 seconds for downloading a long waveform WriteString CLS WriteString RST 10 Timeout 40000 Sleep 1000 Call WaitForOPC mFio x Clearing Volatile memory Caution This program will erase all unsaved data in volatile memory If necessary save that information before running this example program WriteString DATA VOLatile CLEar End With Downloading Waveform Text2 SelStart Len Text2 Text Text2 SelText Downloading Waveform amp vbCrLf With mFio WriteString SOURcel DATA ARBitrary TestArb amp DataStr End With Call WaitForOPC mFio Text2 Text Text2 Text amp Download Complete amp vbCrLf With mFio Send command to set the desired configuration WriteString SOURcel FUNCtion ARBitrary TestArb set
81. Agilent 33500 Series 30 MHz Function Arbitrary Waveform Generator User s Guide Ee Agilent Technologies Notices Agilent Technologies Inc 2010 No part of this manual may be repro duced in any form or by any means including electronic storage and retrieval or translation into a foreign language without prior agreement and written consent from Agilent Technolo gies Inc as governed by United States and international copyright laws Manual Part Number 33520 90001 First Edition June 2010 Second Edition July 2010 Third Edition December 2010 Printed in Malaysia Agilent Technologies Inc 900 S Taft Ave Loveland CO 80537 USA Adobe the Adobe Logo Acrobat and the Acrobat Logo are trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated Microsoft is either a registered trade mark or a trademark of Microsoft Cor poration in the United States and or other countries Windows and MS Windows are U S registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation Software Updates Licenses Periodically Agilent releases software updates to fix known defects and incorpo rate product enhancements To search for software updates and the latest documenta tion for your product go to the product page at www agilent com find 33521A www agilent com find 33522A A portion of the software in this product is licensed under terms of the General Public License Version 2 GPLv2 The text of the license and source code can be foun
82. Chapter 3 Features and Functions Embedded Waveform Editor Advanced Edit As described above the Edit Points menu includes an Advanced Edit softkey This softkey allows you to cut copy and paste portions of the waveform edit waveform points in a table and perform mathematical operations on the waveform M1 75 750 mY Edit Points gt Adv Edit Cut Copy Edit Yia Perform Paste Table Math Cut Copy Paste allows you to define a range of the waveform between two markers and then cut or copy the waveform points defined by the markers Once you have cut or copied the range you can paste it as many times as desired by using the Paste softkey M1 35 0 9432 mY M2 170 750 mY Edit Points gt Edit Selection Fo Marker Cut Copy Paste A 198 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Embedded Waveform Editor Paste Location allows you to paste a range at the start of the waveform the end of the waveform or any point within the waveform M1 35 0 9432 mV M2 170 750 mY Edit Points gt Paste Location 17 Point At At OK Cancel Start End Edit Via Table allows you to edit the voltage values of individual points in a table You can use the knob to scroll through the table or you can use the Point softkey to directly select any particular point You can also insert or remove waveform points Pointe or 332 ____Wotage vane Wore sr ry 0 00000 0 00000 0 00000 0 00006 0 00006 0 00007 0 000
83. Gated burst only b Applies to sample clock not whole waveform MODULATING SIGNAL CARRIER Sine Square Triangle Gaussian PRBS ARB External Ramp Noise SINE SQUARE and PULSE TRIANGLE and RAMP GAUSSIAN NOISE PRBS ARB 258 Chapter 6 Specifications Agilent 33500 Series Function Arbitrary Waveform Generator MODULATION CHARACTERISTICS AMPLITUDE MODULATION AM Source Internal or External or either channel with 33522A Type Double Sideband Suppressed Carrier or Full Carrier Depth 0 to 120 0 01 resolution FREQUENCY MODULATION FM Source Internal or External or either channel with 33522A Deviation DC to 15 MHz 1 uHz resolution PHASE MODULATION PM Source Internal or External or either channel with 33522A Deviation 0 to 360 0 1 resolution FREQUENCY SHIFT KEY MODULATION FSK Source Internal Timer or Ext Trig connector Mark amp Space Any frequency within the carrier signal s range Rate DC to 1 MHz BINARY PHASE SHIFT KEY MODULATION BPSK Source Internal Timer or Ext Trig connector Phase Shift 0 to 360 0 1 resolution Rate DC to 1 MHz PULSE WIDTH MODULATION PWM Source Internal or External or either channel with 33522A Deviation 0 to 100 of Pulse Width 0 01 resolution ADDITIVE MODULATION Sum Source Internal or External or either
84. Handle To Adjust the Carrying Handle To adjust the position grasp the handle by the sides and pull outward Then rotate the handle to the desired position lA Retracted Carrying Position Extended 2 Chapter 1 Quick Start To Set the Output Frequency To Set the Output Frequency At power on the waveform is configured for a sine wave at 1 kHz with an amplitude of 100 mV peak to peak into a 50Q termination The following steps show you how to change the frequency to 1 2 MHz Press the button followed by the Frequency softkey The displayed frequency is either the power on value or the frequency previously selected When you change functions the same frequency is used if the present value is valid for the new function To set the waveform period instead press unis then press the Frequency softkey to toggle to the Period softkey the current Frequency selection is highlighted in the image below CH1 Parameter Units Frequency Amp Offs Ampl As Start Stop Period High Low Vpp Cntr Span Enter the magnitude of the desired frequency Using the numeric keypad enter the value 1 2 Frequency BFA Amplitude 100 0mVpp Offset 0 000 Phase 0 00 Chapter 1 Quick Start To Set the Output Frequency 3 Select the desired units Press the softkey that corresponds to the desired units When you select the units the waveform generator outputs a waveform with the displayed fr
85. INEAR Set the sweep time in seconds WriteString SOURC SWEEP TIME 2 ea Select the sweep trigger source WriteString TRIGGER1 SOURCE IMM Enable Sweep State 220 WriteString SOURCE1 SWEEP STATE ON Enable output WriteString OUTPUT1 ON Sleep 1000 End With Text2 Text Sweep Output enabled Exit Sub MyError Text2 Err Description Resume Next End Sub Private Sub Form _Load Text2 Text End Sub Chapter 4 Application Programs Program Listings 221 Chapter 4 Application Programs Program Listings Example A Pulse Waveform This program found in the Examples chapter6 Pulse subdirectory on the CD ROM configures a pulse waveform setting pulse width period and high low levels The edge time is then incremented DUCT TOY TOY TT UY Te UU OY OY UY Oe UY VY VY OOY VY UY OY UY OY UY OY VN EIE UY VY UY OY WN OY OY VY OY UY OY VY OY OY VY UY OY VY OY OY VY OY vey VY OY OY VY ve vy VY OY OY vO This Pulse program enables a simple pulse wave output on channel 1 of a 33500 Series instrument with signal characteristics given below A loop in the program increases the edge transition time by 10 nsec every 100 msec Wave Shape Pulse Frequency 100 KHz Amplitude 2 Volts Peak to Peak offset 0 Volt Edge Transition Time Variable 10 ns to 100 ns in 10 ns steps every 100 msec Channell Output Enabled VOUS OI TT Ten TE Te Tene TE Te T
86. M enabled the waveform generator will automatically adjust the deviation to the maximum value allowed with the present carrier frequency The sum of the carrier frequency and deviation must be less than or equal to the maximum frequency for the selected waveform plus 100 kHz 30 1 MHz for sine and square and 300 kHZ for ramp If you attempt to set the deviation to an invalid value the waveform generator will automatically adjust it to the maximum value allowed with the present carrier frequency e Front Panel Operation To set the carrier frequency press the Frequency softkey under Fermer for the selected function Then use the knob or numeric keypad to enter the desired frequency Remote Interface Operation SOURce 1 2 FREQuency lt frequency gt MINimum MAXimum You can also use the APPLy command to select the function frequency amplitude and offset with a single command 109 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Frequency Modulation FM Modulating Waveform Shape The waveform generator will accept an internal or external modulation source for FM Modulating waveform shape internal source Sine default Square Pulse UpRamp DnRamp Triangle Noise or PRBS Square has 50 duty cycle UpRamp has 100 symmetry ae Triangle has 50 symmetry AN DnRamp has 0 symmetry ia e Noise white gaussian noise PRBS Pseudo Random Bit Sequence polynomial PN7 e You can use noise as
87. Nimum MAXimum The APPLy command automatically sets the duty cycle to 50 91 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Output Configuration Symmetry Ramp Waves Applies to ramp waves only Symmetry represents the fraction of each cycle that the ramp wave is rising assuming that the waveform is not inverted 0 Symmetry 100 Symmetry The symmetry is stored in volatile memory the default value is 100 The symmetry setting is remembered when you change from ramp to another waveform When you return to the ramp waveform the previous symmetry value is used Ifyou select a ramp waveform as the modulating waveform for AM FM PM or PWM the symmetry setting does not apply Front Panel Operation After selecting the ramp function press the Symmetry softkey Then press the 100 50 or 0 softkey or press Symmetry and use the knob or numeric keypad to enter the desired symmetry If you use the numeric keypad press Percent to complete the entry Remote Interface Operation FUNCtion RAMP SYMMetry lt percent gt MINimum MAXimum The APPLy command automatically sets the symmetry to 100 92 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Output Configuration Voltage Autoranging Autoranging is enabled by default and the waveform generator automatically selects the optimal settings for the attenuators With autoranging disabled the waveform generator uses the current attenuator settings and does not switch attenuator r
88. OY OY OY This 2 Channel output program demonstrates the functionality of driving two different waveform outputs on the two channels of a 33522A instrument with following waveform characteristics Channel 1 Parameters Wave Shape Sine Frequency 1000 Hz Amplitude 2 Volt Peak to Peak offset 0 Volt Load Impedance 50 Ohm Channell Output Enabled Channel 2 Parameters Wave Shape Square Frequency 20 KHz Amplitude 1 Volt RMS Offset 1 Volt Load Impedance 10 KOhm Channel2 Output Enabled POUT UCT Oe TOY Te UY TY UY UY Pe UY Oy UY OY WY UY OY UY OY UY OY VY OY OY UY OY UY OY VY OY OY UY OY UYU WY OY OY UY OY UY OOY VY OY OY UY OY UY OY OY OY OY UY VY OY VY OY OY OY OY YOY Private Sub Command1 Click Dim io_mgr As VisaComLib ResourceManager Dim mfIo As VisaComLib Formatted10488 Set io_mgr New AgilentRMLib SRMCl1s Set mfIo New Formatted10488 Set mfIo IO io mgr Open Textl Text NO LOCK 2000 On Error GoTo MyError With mfIo Clear and reset instrument WriteString CLS WriteString RST Sleep 1000 Send commands to set channel 1 to desired configuration WriteString SOURCE1 FUNCTION SIN WriteString SOURCE1 FREQUENCY 1000 WriteString SOURCE1 VOLT UNIT VPP WriteString SOURCE1 VOLT 2 WriteString SOURCE1 VOLT OFFSET 0 WriteString OUTPUT1 LOAD 50 Send commands to set channel 2 to desired configuration 230 WriteString WriteString WriteS
89. OY UYU VY OY OY VY VY OY VY OY OY VY OY UY OY VY OY OY OY OY ve OY OY OY OY vO This Linear Sweep program enables a simple sine sweep wave output on channel 1 of a 33500 Series instrument with the following signal characteristics Wave Shape Sine Amplitude 2 Volt Peak to Peak Start Frequency 20 Hz Start Frequency 20 KHz Sweep fashion Linear Sweep Time 2 Sec sweep Trigger Source Immediate Channell Output Enabled POUT UY TOY TE UY Te UY UY OY OY Oe UY VY VY OY VY VY UY OY UY OY VY VY OY UY OY UY OY WY UY OY UY SIEISEN VY VY OY VY OY OY VY OY vey VY UY OY VY OY vey OY OY vv OY Private Sub Commandl Click Dim io_mgr As VisaComLib ResourceManager Dim mfIo As VisaComLib Formatted10488 Set io_mgr New AgilentRMLib SRMCls Set mfIo New Formatted10488 Set mfIo IO io mgr Open Textl Text NO LOCK 2000 On Error GoTo MyError This program sets up a waveform by selecting the waveshape and adjusting the frequency amplitude and offset With mfIo Clear and reset instrument WriteString CLS WriteString RST Sleep 1000 Select the waveform shape amplitude and offset WriteString SOURC FUNCTION SIN WriteString SOURC VOLT UNIT VPP WriteString SOURC SVOET ar AA Select the frequen WriteString SOURC WriteString SOURC y boundaries of the sweep FREQUENCY START 20 FREQUENCY STOP 20E3 Ara Select the sweep m WriteString SOURC FO Q Oo SWEEP SPACING L
90. Source softkey Remote Interface Operation PM SOURce INTernal EXTernal 118 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Frequency Shift Keying FSK Modulation Frequency Shift Keying FSK Modulation You can configure the waveform generator to shift its output frequency between two preset values using FSK modulation The rate at which the output shifts between the two frequencies called the carrier frequency and the hop frequency is determined by the internal rate generator or the signal level on the rear panel Ext Trig connector For more information on the fundamentals of FSK Modulation refer to chapter 5 Tutorial To Select FSK Modulation The waveform generator will allow only one modulation mode to be enabled at a time When you enable FSK the previous modulation mode is turned off The waveform generator will not allow FSK to be enabled when sweep or burst is enabled When you enable FSK the sweep or burst mode is turned off Front Panel Operation You must enable FSK before setting up any of the other modulation parameters Press and then select FSK using the Type softkey The FSK waveform is output using the present settings for the carrier frequency output amplitude and offset voltage Remote Interface Operation To avoid multiple waveform changes enable FSK after you have set up the other modulation parameters FSKey STATe OFF ON 119 Chapter 3 Features and Functi
91. T FREQuency lt number gt lt number gt Progress through list is controlled by the trigger system If the trigger source is set to internal or immediate the dwell time setting LIST DWELL command determines time spent at each frequency For any other trigger source the dwell time is determined by trigger event spacing 140 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Burst Mode Burst Mode You can configure the waveform generator to output a waveform with a specified number of cycles called a burst The waveform generator can produce a burst using sine square triangle ramp pulse PRBS or arbitrary waveforms noise is allowed only in the gated burst mode and DC is not allowed For more information on the fundamentals of the burst mode refer to chapter 5 Tutorial To Select Burst The waveform generator will not allow burst to be enabled at the same time that sweep or any modulation mode is enabled When you enable burst the sweep list or modulation mode is turned off Front Panel Operation You must enable burst before setting up any of the other burst parameters Press Burst On Off to output a burst using the present settings for frequency output amplitude and offset voltage Remote Interface Operation To avoid multiple waveform changes enable the burst mode after you have set up the other parameters SOURce 1 2 BURSt STATe OFF ON 141 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Burst
92. The sum of the carrier frequency and deviation must be less than or equal to the maximum frequency for the selected function plus 100 kHz 30 1 MHz for sine and square and 300 kHz for ramp If you attempt to set the deviation to a value that is not valid the waveform generator will limit it to the maximum value allowed with the present carrier frequency Front Panel Operation After enabling FM press the Freq Dev softkey Then use the knob or numeric keypad to enter the desired deviation Remote Interface Operation FM DEViation lt peak_deviation_in_Hz gt MINimum MAXimum 111 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Frequency Modulation FM Modulating Source The waveform generator will accept an internal or external modulation source for FM Modulating source Internal default Other Channel or External Ifyou select the External source the carrier waveform is modulated with an external waveform The frequency deviation is controlled by the 5 V signal level present on the rear panel Modulation In connector For example if you have set the deviation to 10 kHz then a 5 V signal level corresponds to a 10 kHz increase in frequency Lower external signal levels produce less deviation and negative signal levels reduce the frequency below the carrier frequency The external modulation input has 3 dB bandwidth of 100 kHz Modulation In 5V Re Se 5V OV 5 V Front Panel Operation Afte
93. To select the local language press the button then press the System Setup softkey the User Settings softkey and the Help Lang softkey Then select the desired language 25 Chapter 1 Quick Start To Rack Mount the Waveform Generator To Rack Mount the Waveform Generator You can mount the instrument in a standard 19 inch rack cabinet using one of two optional kits available Instructions and mounting hardware are included with each rack mounting kit Any Agilent System IT instrument of the same size can be rack mounted beside the Agilent 33500 Series Note Remove the carrying handle and the front and rear rubber bumpers before rack mounting the instrument To remove the handle rotate it to vertical and pull the ends outward Front Rear bottom view To remove the rubber bumper stretch a corner and then slide it off 26 Chapter 1 Quick Start To Rack Mount the Waveform Generator To rack mount two instruments side by side order lock link kit 5061 8769 and flange kit 5063 9212 Be sure to use the support rails in the rack cabinet In order to prevent overheating do not block the flow of air into or out of the instrument Be sure to allow enough clearance at the rear sides and bottom of the instrument to permit adequate internal air flow 27 Chapter 1 Quick Start To Rack Mount the Waveform Generator 28 Front Panel Menu Operation Fron
94. VOLT OFFSET 0 WriteString OUTPUT2 LOAD 50 the desired configuration on Channel 2 2 FUNCTION SQU 2 FREQUENCY 1000 2 VOLT UNIT VPP 2 23 AAA Ac Set Sum Modulation parameter WriteString SOURCE1 SUM SOURCE CH2 WriteString SOURCE1 SUM AMPLITUDE 1 WriteString SOURCE1 SUM STATE 1 Enable output WriteString OUTPUT1 ON WriteString OUTPUT2 ON End With Text2 Text Output set as SUM signal on Channel 1 236 Chapter 4 Application Programs Program Listings Exit Sub MyError Text2 Err Description Resume Next End Sub Private Sub Form Load Text2 Text End Sub 237 Chapter 4 Application Programs Program Listings 238 Tutorial Tutorial This chapter will help you get the most from your 33500 Series waveform generator by describing certain aspects of its internal operation and the signals it generates Arbitrary Waveforms page 240 Quasi Gaussian Noise page 242 PRBS page 242 e Modulation page 243 Burst page 246 Frequency Sweep page 248 Attributes of AC Signals page 249 Signal Imperfections page 252 Ground Loops page 253 Arbitrary Waveforms You can define arbitrary waveforms to fill needs not met by the instrument s standard waveforms For example your device under test might require a unique stimulus or you might want to simulate real world signal imperfections such as overshoot ringing
95. Y 2000 EXT for instrument 2 WriteString TRIGGER1 SOURCE EXT Set slope of rear external trigger to positive WriteString TRIGGER1 SLOPE POSITIVE 1 to desired cycle output receives a BUS h INIT so it waits for BUS to desired Program Listings configuration on instrument to output a positive pulse when INIT as we are just using one trigger to start the trigger to start burst configuration Set up and turn on infinite cycle burst with infinite cycle output This burst will start on instrument 2 when the instrument receives a EXT trigger on its rear EXT TRIG IN port positive TTL pulse 233 Chapter 4 Application Programs Program Listings WriteString SOURCE1 BURST NCYCLES INF WriteString SOURCE1 BURST MODE TRIG WriteString SOURCE1 BURST STATE ON turn off continuous INIT as we are just using one trigger to start the burst WriteString INITiatel CONTinuous OFF arm instrument 2 with INIT so it waits for EXT trigger to start burst WriteString INITiatel End With With mfIol Enable channel 1 output on instrument 1 WriteString OUTPUT1 ON End With With mfIo2 Enable channel 1 output on instrument 2 WriteString OUTPUT1 ON End With Sleep 2000 With mfIol Start burst on channel 1 with BUS trigger WriteString TRG End With On Error GoTo MyError mfIo1l I0 Close mfIo2 10 Close Text3 Text Output set on both instruments Exit Sub
96. ace connectivity from your PC to the 33500 Series Open your PC s Internet Explorer To launch the web interface enter the IP address of the instrument or its fully qualified host name in the browser address field Follow the directions in the web interface s online help USB Configuration There are no USB configuration parameters to configure You can retrieve the USB ID string set by the manufacturer by using the Show USB Id feature Front panel operation Press and press the I O Config softkey Select USB Settings and Show USB ld The USB string appears on the screen and the longest string of digits is the instrument s serial number There is no SCPI command to display the USB ID 182 Chapter 3 Features and Functions External Timebase Reference External Timebase Reference The external Timebase Reference which provides rear panel connectors 10 MHz In and 10 MHz Out and circuitry to allow synchronization between multiple Agilent 33500 Series waveform generators or to an external 10 MHz clock signal You can also set the phase offset of the output waveform from the front panel or over the remote interface To align the phase of two Series 33500 instruments you can use a dual channel oscilloscope to compare the output signals 1 Connect two 33500 Series instruments with 10 MHz Out connected to 10 MHz In The instrument with the more precise timebase should be used as the source of the 10 MHz referenc
97. an the Normal filter Each filter s cutoff frequency is a fixed fraction of the waveform s sample rate The Normal filter s response is 3 dB at 27 of the sample rate and the Step filter s response is 3 dB at 13 of the sample rate For example if you are playing an arbitrary waveform at 100 MSa s the Normal filter s 3 dB frequency bandwidth is 27 MHz If you turn filtering off the output changes abruptly between points with a transition time of approximately 10 ns Waveform Sequencing The Agilent 33500 Series can assemble long complex waveforms from smaller waveforms The user definable program that specifies how to do this is called a sequence and the smaller waveforms are called segments Switching between segments occurs seamlessly in real time As an analogy think of segments as songs in a music player and sequences as play lists Each step of a sequence specifies a segment and how many times it is played It also specifies whether the sequence waits for a trigger before the next step and how the Sync signal is generated on a step by step basis For each step in the sequence you can do one of the following play ie selected segment from 1 to 1 000 000 times and then advance to the next step d play the selected segment once and then stop and wait for a trigger efore advancing repeat the selected segment until a trigger occurs and then advance repeat the selected segment until explicitly stopped Optio
98. anel you must use that same code to unsecure it from the remote interface Front Panel Operation Press and then select Calibrate Remote Interface Operation To secure the waveform generator send the following command with the correct security code CAL SECURE STATE ON NEWCALCODE 187 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Calibration Overview To Change the Security Code To change the security code you must first unsecure the waveform generator and then enter a new code Make sure you have read the security code rules described on page 186 before attempting to change the security code Front Panel Operation To change the security code unsecure the waveform generator using the old security code Then press osem Calibrate and Secure Code Changing the code from the front panel also changes the security code as seen from the remote interface Remote Interface Operation To change the security code you must first unsecure the waveform generator using the old security code Then enter the new code as shown below CAL CAL n ECURE STATE OFF AT33520A Unsecure with old code ECURE CODE NEWCALCODE Enter new code n Calibration Count You can query the waveform generator to determine how many calibrations have been performed Your waveform generator was calibrated before it left the factory When you receive your waveform generator be sure to read the count to
99. angle gt MINimum MAXimum SOURce 1 2 PHASe MINimum MAXimum The following command sets a new zero phase reference point SOURce 1 2 PHASe REFerence 184 Chapter 3 Features and Functions External Timebase Reference See Application Note 1426 How to Connect Two or More Signal Generators to Create a Multi Channel Waveform Generator provides additional information on this subject 185 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Calibration Overview Calibration Overview This section gives a brief introduction to the calibration features of the waveform generator For a more detailed discussion of the calibration procedures see chapter 4 in the Agilent 33500 Series Service Guide Calibration Security This feature allows you to enter a security code to prevent accidental or unauthorized calibrations of the waveform generator When you first receive your waveform generator it is secured Before you can perform a calibration you must unsecure the waveform generator by entering the correct security code If you forget your security code see the Agilent 33500 Series Service Guide for more information The security code is set to AT33520A when the waveform generator is shipped from the factory The security code is stored in non volatile memory and does not change when power has been off or after a remote interface reset The security code may contain up to 12 alphanumeric characters The f
100. ating signal is at 5 volts the output will be at the minimum amplitude 90 of Carrier amplitude Modulation In 5V 5V OV 5 V Front Panel Operation After enabling Sum press the Source softkey Remote Interface Operation SUM SOURce INTernal EXTernal CH1 CH2 131 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Frequency Sweep Frequency Sweep In the frequency sweep mode the waveform generator moves from the start frequency to the stop frequency at a sweep rate which you specify You can sweep up or down in frequency with either linear or logarithmic spacing You can also configure the waveform generator to output a single sweep one pass from start frequency to stop frequency by applying an external or manual trigger The waveform generator can produce a frequency sweep for sine square pulse ramp or arbitrary waveforms PRBS noise and DC are not allowed You can specify a hold time during which the sweep remains at the stop frequency You can also specify a return time during which the frequency changes linearly from the stop frequency to the start frequency For more information on the fundamentals of a sweep refer to chapter 5 Tutorial To Select Sweep The waveform generator will not allow the sweep mode to be enabled at the same time that burst or any modulation mode is enabled When you enable sweep the burst or modulation mode is turned off Front Panel O
101. ble PWM with a 5 deviation the duty cycle will vary from 15 to 25 under control of the modulating signal 245 Chapter 5 Tutorial Burst Additive Modulation Sum The Sum feature adds the modulating signal to the carrier For example you can add controlled amounts of variable bandwidth noise to a signal or create two tone signals The internal modulation generator in the 33500 Series can produce the same continuous waveform as the main generator so the Sum function lets you to create many signals that would have required two instruments before The Sum feature increases the amplitude of the output signal by the amplitude of the modulating signal This might cause the instrument to switch to a higher output voltage range resulting in a momentary signal loss If this is a problem in your application turn on the Range Hold function If the voltage increase could damage your device under test apply Voltage Limits Burst You can configure the waveform generator to output a waveform with a specified number of cycles called a burst You can use burst in one of two modes N Cycle Burst also called triggered burst or Gated Burst N Cycle Burst An N Cycle burst consists of a specific number of waveform cycles 1 to 1 000 000 and is always initiated by a trigger event You can also set the burst count to Infinite which results in a continuous waveform once the waveform generator is triggered Sync Output
102. channel with 33522A Ratio 0 to 100 of carrier amplitude 0 01 resolution BURST Type Counted or Gated Count 1 to 100 000 000 cycles or infinite Gated Produces complete cycles while Ext Trig is asserted Start Stop Phase 360 to 360 0 1 resolution Trigger Source Internal Timer or Ext Trig connector Marker Adjustable to any cycle indicated by the trailing edge of the Sync pulse Type Operation Direction Start amp Stop Frequencies Sweep Time except IMM trigger mode Sweep Time for IMM trigger Sweep Time Hold Time Return Time Trigger Source Marker Adjustable to any frequency between Start and Stop for Linear and Logarithmic types or any frequency in the list for List type indicated by the trailing edge of the Sync pulse INTERNAL TIMER FOR FSK BPSK BURST AND SWEEP Range 2 CHANNEL CHARACTERISTICS 33522A ONLY Operating Modes Parameter Coupling Relative Phase Linear Logarithmic List up to 128 user defined frequencies Linear and Logarithmic sweeps are characterized by a Sweep time during which the frequency changes smoothly from Start to Stop a Hold time during which the frequency stays at the Stop frequency and a Return time during which the frequency changes linearly from Stop to Start Up Start freq lt Stop freq or Down Start freq gt Stop freq Any frequency within the waveform s range Linear 1 ms to 3600 s 1 ms resolution
103. contains information to help you configure the waveform generator for outputting waveforms You may never have to change some of the parameters discussed here but they are provided to give you flexibility Multi Channel operation For waveform generators with two channels most commands may be preceded by the SCPI SOURce1 or SOURce2 abbreviated SOUR1 or SOUR2 to explicitly direct the command to a certain channel If the SOURceN keyword is not used the default instrument behavior is to direct the command to Channel 1 For example the command VOLT 2 5 will set the output voltage on Channel 1 to 2 5 volts The command SOUR2 VOLT 1 414 will set the output voltage on channel 2 to 1 414 volts Output Function The waveform generator can output eight standard waveforms sine square ramp pulse triangle gaussian noise PRBS pseudo random binary sequence and DC You can also select one of nine built in arbitrary waveforms or create your own custom waveforms The 33500 Series includes an embedded waveform editor You can use this editor to generate point by point arbitrary waveforms which allows you to create large and complex waveforms 80 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Output Configuration The table below shows which output functions are allowed with modulation sweep and burst Each e indicates a valid combination If you change to a function that is not allowed with modulatio
104. ct the triggered N Cycle or externally gated burst mode Select the number of cycles per burst 1 to 100 000 000 or infinite e Select the starting phase angle of the burst 360 to 360 e Specify the number of cycles e Specify the burst period Store Recall Store and recall instrument states e Store an arbitrary number of instrument states in non volatile memory e Assign a custom name to each storage location e Recall stored instrument states e Delete stored instrument states e Restore all instrument settings to their factory default values e Select the instrument s power on configuration last or factory default 32 Chapter 2 Front Panel Menu Operation Front Panel Menu Reference I O Config Configure instrument I O interfaces e Turn the LAN on and off e Specify the LAN configuration IP address and network configuration e Reset the LAN e Specify the USB settings e Select the GPIB address Calibrate Perform calibration tasks Set the calibration password e Lock and unlock the instrument for calibration e Calibrate the instrument see Agilent 33500 Series Service Guide Instr Setup Configure instrument parameters e Perform self test e Configure reference oscillator Clear instrument memory NISPOM secure System Setup Configure system related parameters e Set screen layout e Select the local language for fr
105. ctor press Crese then the Trigger Setup softkey Then select the desired edge by pressing the Slope softkey Remote Interface Operation TRIGger 1 2 SOURce IMMediat EXTernal TIMer BUS Use the following command to specify whether the waveform generator triggers on the rising or falling edge of the signal on the Ext Trig connector TRIGger 1 2 SLOPe POSitive NEGative See Triggering on page 150 for more information 138 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Frequency Sweep Trigger Out Signal A trigger out signal is provided on the rear panel Trig Out connector used with sweep and burst only When enabled a TTL compatible square waveform with either a rising edge default or falling edge is output from the Trig Out connector at the beginning of the sweep When the Internal immediate trigger source is selected the waveform generator outputs a square waveform with a 50 duty cycle from the Trig Out connector at the beginning of the sweep The frequency of the waveform is equal to the specified total sweep time When the External trigger source is selected the waveform generator automatically disables the trigger out signal The Trig Out connector cannot be used for both operations at the same time an externally triggered waveform uses the same connector to trigger the sweep When the Manual trigger source is selected the waveform generator outputs a pulse gt 1 us pulse wid
106. cy amplitude and offset With mfIo Clear and reset instrument WriteString CLS WriteString RST Sleep 1000 Configure the carrier waveform WriteString SOURCE1 FUNC SIN WriteString SOURCE1 FREQ 10E5 WriteString SOURCE1 VOLT UNIT VPP WriteString SOURCE1 VOLT 5 Select the mode of Amplitude Modulation WriteString SOURCE1 AM DSSC ON PI Select the modulat WriteString SOURC on source AM SOURCE INT E P Select the shape o WriteString SOURC the modulating waveform AM INT FUNC SIN BI Set the modulating frequency WriteString SOURCE1 AM INT FREQ 1000 Set the modulation depth WriteString SOURCE1 AM DEPTH 100 218 Enable AM Modulation WriteString SOURCE1 AM STATE ON Enable output WriteString OUTPUT1 ON Sleep 1000 End With Text2 Text Amplitude modulation output enabled Exit Sub MyError Text2 Err Description Resume Next End Sub Private Sub Form Load Text2 Text End Sub Chapter 4 Application Programs Program Listings 219 Chapter 4 Application Programs Program Listings Example Linear Sweep This program found in the Examples chapter6 LinearSweep subdirectory on the CD ROM creates a linear sweep for a sine wave It sets the start and stop frequencies and the sweep time POUT TOY TOY TT UY Te UY OY OY UY Oe UY OY UY OY VY UY UY OY UY OY VY VY OY UY OY UY OY VY OY OY UY
107. cycle is either the power on value or the percentage previously selected The duty cycle represents the amount of time per cycle that the square wave is at a high level Frequency 1 000 000 000kHz Amplitude 100 0mVpp Offset 0 000 Y Duty Cycle 0X Phase 0 00 Frequency Amplitude Offset Duty Phase G G Cycle fy 18 Chapter 1 Quick Start To Set the Duty Cycle of a Square Wave 3 Enter the desired duty cycle Using the numeric keypad or the knob and arrows select a duty cycle value of 75 If you are using the numeric keypad press the Percent softkey to finish the entry The waveform generator adjusts the duty cycle immediately and outputs a square wave with the specified value if the output is enabled Frequency 1 000 000 000kHz Amplitude 100 0mVpp Offset 0 000 Y Duty Cycle joa Phase 0 00 Frequency Amplitude Offset Duty Phase G G Cycle J 19 Chapter 1 Quick Start To Configure a Pulse Waveform To Configure a Pulse Waveform You can configure the waveform generator to output a pulse waveform with variable pulse width and edge time The following steps show you how to configure a 500 ms periodic pulse waveform with a pulse width of 10 ms and edge times of 50 ns Select the pulse function Press the key and choose Pulse to select the pulse function and output a pulse waveform with the default parameters Set the pulse period Press the key and then press the Frequency P
108. cycles is output continuously at a rate determined by the burst period setting The burst period is the time between the starts of consecutive bursts When the Internal trigger source is selected the burst count must be less than the product of the burst period and the waveform frequency as shown below Burst Period gt Burst Count Waveform Frequency lusec The waveform generator will automatically increase the burst period up to its maximum value to accommodate the specified burst count but the waveform frequency will not be changed When the gated burst mode is selected the burst count is ignored However if you change the burst count from the remote interface while in the gated mode the waveform generator remembers the new count and will use it when the triggered mode is selected Front Panel Operation To set the burst count press and then the Cycles softkey Then use the knob or numeric keypad to enter the count To select an infinite count burst instead press the Cycles softkey again to toggle to the Infinite setting Remote Interface Operation SOURce 1 2 BURSt NCYCles lt num_cycles gt INFinity MINimum MAXimum 145 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Burst Mode Burst Period The burst period defines time from the start of one burst to the start of the next burst Used in the internal triggered burst mode only Keep in mind that burst period is different than the waveform frequency
109. d at www agilent com find GPLV2 This product utilizes Microsoft Windows CE Agilent highly recommends that all Windows based computers connected to Windows CE instruments utilize current anti virus software For more information go to the product page at www agilent com find 33521A www agilent com find 33522A Warranty The material contained in this document is provided as is and is subject to being changed with out notice in future editions Further to the maximum extent permitted by applicable law Agi lent disclaims all warranties either express or implied with regard to this manual and any information contained herein including but not limited to the implied warranties of merchant ability and fitness for a particu lar purpose Agilent shall not be liable for errors or for incidental or consequential damages in con nection with the furnishing use or performance of this document or of any information contained herein Should Agilent and the user have a separate written agreement with warranty terms covering the material in this doc ument that conflict with these terms the warranty terms in the separate agreement shall control Technology Licenses The hardware and or software described in this document are fur nished under a license and may be used or copied only in accordance with the terms of such license Restricted Rights Legend If software is for use in the perfor mance of a U S Go
110. de On Error Queue Errors are Cleared Stored States Stored Arbs No Change Output State Off Triggering Operations Trigger Source Remote Interface Configuration Factory Setting Internal Immediate Factory Setting GPIB Address 10 DHCP On Auto IP On P Address e 169 254 2 20 Subnet Mask 255 255 0 0 Default Gateway e 0 0 0 0 DNS Server e 0 0 0 0 e Host Name none Domain Name none Calibration Factory Setting Calibration State Secured Parameters marked with a bullet are stored in non volatile memory 212 Application Programs 7 Application Programs This chapter contains several remote interface example programs to help you develop programs for your own application The Agilent 33500 Series Programmer s Reference Help lists the syntax for the SCPI Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments commands available to program the waveform generator Introduction Nine example programs are included in this chapter to demonstrate controlling the Agilent 33500 Series using SCPI commands All of these programs are written in Microsoft C and Microsoft Visual BASIC 6 0 and use Agilent VISA COM The programs are included on the Agilent 33500 Series Product Reference CD ROM shipped with the waveform generator These files are located under the Programming Examples link on the CD If you want to modify the example programs or wri
111. determine its initial value The calibration count is stored in non volatile memory and does not change when power has been off or after a remote interface reset The calibration count increments up to a maximum of more than 4 billion 232 1 Since the value increments by one for each calibration point that stores a value a complete calibration may increase the value by many counts Front Panel Operation Press and Calibrate Remote Interface Operation CAL COUNt 188 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Calibration Overview Calibration Message The waveform generator allows you to store one message in calibration memory in the mainframe For example you can store such information as the date when the last calibration was performed the date when the next calibration is due the waveform generator s serial number or the name and phone number of the person to contact for a new calibration You can record a calibration message only from the remote interface and only when the waveform generator is unsecured You can read the message from either the front panel or over the remote interface You can read the calibration message whether the waveform generator is secured or unsecured The calibration message may contain up to 40 characters additional characters are truncated Storing a calibration message will overwrite any message previously stored in memory The calibration message is stored in non volatile memor
112. dit Points gt Edit Selection To Marker Cut Copy Paste 1 oe 72 Chapter 2 Front Panel Menu Operation To Set up an Arbitrary Waveform 7 Now press Paste and At End The same section of the waveform now also appears at the very end M1 150 5 Y M2 300 870 4 mY 1 141 282 Edit Points gt Edit Selection Marker Cut Copy Paste 1 8 Now press Paste and change the Point to 500 Then press OK and the same portion of the waveform will be pasted in at point 500 Press Done to leave the Cut Copy Paste menu M1 150 5 Y M2 300 870 4 mY 1 171 342 513 684 Edit Points gt Edit Selection To Marker Cut Copy Paste 1 73 Chapter 2 Front Panel Menu Operation To Set up an Arbitrary Waveform Perform Math The embedded waveform editor allows you to perform mathematical operations on the waveform First you set markers to define the range of the waveform that you want to modify You can then add subtract or multiply that portion of the waveform by another waveform or you can transform the waveform in ways that do not involve other waveforms 1 Press Perform Math Set Marker 1 to 400 and Marker 2 to 500 M1 400 241 8 mV M2 500 438 6 mY Subtract Multiply Advanced Math 74 Chapter 2 Front Panel Menu Operation To Set up an Arbitrary Waveform 2 Press Add then select Haversine and OK Set the Amplitude to 3V the Offset to 0 V and pre
113. e BURS PHAS Trigger Source TRIG SOUR Triggered Burst Mode Internal Trigger TRIGgered Available Available Available IMMediate Triggered Burst Mode TRicgered Available Not Used Available EXTernal BUS External Trigger Gated Burst Mode GATed Not Used Not Used Available Not Used External Trigger Timer Burst Mode TRIGgered Available Not Used Available TiMer Internal Trigger 142 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Burst Mode When the gated mode is selected the burst count burst period and trigger source are ignored these parameters are used for the triggered burst mode only If a manual trigger is received it is ignored and no error will be generated When the gated mode is selected you can also select the polarity of the signal on the rear panel Ext Trig connector Front Panel Operation After enabling bursts press the N Cycle triggered or Gated softkey Remote Interface Operation SOURce 1 2 BURSt MODE TRIGgered GATed Use the following command to select the polarity of the external gate signal on the Ext Trig connector The default is NORM true high logic SOURce 1 2 BURSt GATE POLarity NORMal INVerted 143 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Burst Mode Waveform Frequency The waveform frequency defines the signal frequency during the burst in the triggered and external gated modes In the triggered mode the number of cycles specified
114. e ramp pulse triangle or PRBS waveforms arbitrary waveforms noise and DC are not allowed For this example select a sine wave with an amplitude of 5 Vpp TSine OFF 502 Frequency 1 000 000 000kHz Amplitude 5 000 Vpp Offset 0 000 V Phase 0 00 1 000 s Sweep Type Sweep Start Stop Hold amp Off On Linear Time A Freq G Freq j Return 44 Chapter 2 Front Panel Menu Operation To Output a Frequency Sweep Select the sweep mode Press and then verify that the linear sweep mode is currently selected on the second softkey Press the Sweep softkey to turn sweep on Notice the Linear Sweep status message at the top of the tab for the current channel The button is also illuminated Set the start frequency Press the Start Freq softkey and then set the value to 50 Hz using the numeric keypad or the knob and cursor keys Frequency Sweeping Amplitude 5 000 Vpp Offset 0 000 V Sweep Time 1 000s Start Freq Hold Time 0 000s Stop Freq 1 000 000 00kHz Return Time 0 000s kHz MHz Cancel 45 Chapter 2 Front Panel Menu Operation To Output a Frequency Sweep 4 Set the stop frequency Press the Stop Freq softkey and then set the value to 5 kHz using the numeric keypad or the knob and cursor keys At this point the waveform generator outputs a continuous sweep from 50 Hz to 5 kHz if output is enabled TSine OFF 509 Frequency Sweeping Amplitude 5 000 Vpp Off
115. e wave Be aware that spectrum analyzers also have phase noise so the levels you read may include analyzer phase noise 252 Chapter 5 Tutorial Ground Loops Quantization Noise Finite resolution in the waveform DAC causes voltage quantization errors Assuming the errors are uniformly distributed over a range of 0 5 least significant bit the equivalent noise level for standard waveforms is approximately 95 dBc At this level other sources of noise in the instrument dominate Quantization noise can be of concern though in arbitrary waveforms that do not use the whole range of DAC codes 32767 to 32767 Scale arbitrary waveforms to use the entire range if possible Ground Loops The signal generation portion of the 33500 Series is isolated from chassis earth ground This isolation helps eliminate ground loops in your system and also allows you to reference the output signal to voltages other than ground The illustration below shows the waveform generator connected to a load through a coaxial cable Any difference in ground potentials Vq np will tend to drive current Ignp through the shield of the cable thus causing a voltage drop due to the shield s impedance ZSHIELD This voltage Ignp x ZSHIELD appears as an error in the load voltage However since the instrument is isolated there is a high series impedance typically gt 1 MQ in parallel with 50 nF to oppose the flow of Ignp and thereby minimize this effect Ag
116. e Remote Interface 53 To Set up an Arbitrary Waveform 61 Features and Functions 78 Output Configuration 80 Pulse Waveforms 98 Amplitude Modulation AM 102 Frequency Modulation FM 107 Phase Modulation PM 113 Frequency Shift Keying FSK Modulation 119 Pulse Width Modulation PWM 123 Sum Modulation Sum 128 Frequency Sweep 132 Burst Mode 141 Triggering 150 Dual Channel Operations 33522A Only 156 System Related Operations 163 Remote Interface Configuration 174 External Timebase Reference 183 Calibration Overview 186 Embedded Waveform Editor 190 Factory Default Settings 211 Application Programs 214 Introduction 214 Program Listings 216 Tutorial 240 Quick Start Quick Start One of the first things you will want to do with your waveform generator is to become acquainted with the front panel We have written the exercises in this chapter to prepare the instrument for use and help you get familiar with some of its front panel operations This chapter is divided into the following sections To Prepare the Waveform Generator for Use on page 5 To Adjust the Carrying Handle on page 7 To Set the Output Frequency on page 8 To Set the Output Amplitude on page 10 To Set a DC Offset Voltage on page 13 To Set the High Level and Low Level Values on page 15 To Output a DC Voltage on page 17 To Set the Duty Cycle of a Square Wave on page 18 To Configure a Pulse Waveform on page 2
117. e Vee Yee YN AY Yn ay En Ay en Ay re Ay PO Ay VY AY YN A YY NY VN NY VY NY ve Ne Oe ne oe ne oy ve oy vv oy vv ov ve ay ve av ve ay ee ay ve ay re ay a Private Declare Sub Sleep Lib kernel32 ByVal dwMilliseconds As Long Private Sub Command1 Click Dim io_mgr As VisaComLib ResourceManager Dim mfIo As VisaComLib Formatted10488 Dim i As Integer Set io_mgr New AgilentRMLib SRMCl1s Set mfIo New Formatted10488 Set mfIo IO io mgr Open Textl Text NO LOCK 2000 On Error GoTo MyError This program sets up a waveform by selecting the waveshape and adjusting the frequency amplitude and offset With mfIo Clear and reset instrument WriteString CLS WriteString RST Sleep 1000 Set function to Pulse WriteString SOURCE1 FUNCTION PULSE Set pulse period sec amp voltage WriteString SOURCE1 FUNCTION PULSE PERIOD 1E 3 WriteString SOURCE1 VOLT 5 Set Duty Cycle to 50 WriteString SOURCE1 FUNCTION PULSE DCYCLE 50 Enable output WriteString OUTPUT1 ON Sleep 1000 222 Chapter 4 Application Programs Program Listings Iterate over different pulse transition durations For i 1 To 10 WriteString SOURCE1 FUNCtion PULSe TRANsition amp i 10 amp E 9 Sleep 100 Next i End With Text2 Text Pulse output with variable edge time set on Channell Exit Sub MyError Text2 Err Description Resume Next End Sub Private Sub Form _Load Text2 Text
118. e out 2 Connect the outputs of the waveform generators to the scope channel inputs 3 Set the same frequency on both waveform generators The scope should show the signals to be in sync with regard frequency but not phase A square wave works well to show the phase difference 183 Chapter 3 Features and Functions External Timebase Reference 4 If any of the waveform generators are multichannel 83522A you should phase sync the two channels to each other This operation will also synchronize each channel s modulating waveforms to the carrier Front panel operation Press or C1 or C2 Then press Famer Phase and Sync Internal Remote Interface Operation SOURce 1 2 PHASe SYNChronize Leaving the phase setting at its default zero on the first waveform generator use the Adjust Phase feature to adjust the phase of the second waveform generator to align the output signals Aligned You can use the Set 0 Phase feature to set a new zero phase reference point with the two waveform generators now aligned Front Panel Operation Press or ED or 2 Then press Ferameter Phase and set the phase angle using the numeric keypad or knob Once aligned set the 0 phase Remote Interface Operation Use the following command to set the phase offset the query returns the currently set offset SOURce 1 2 PHASe lt
119. eString RST End With 232 With mfIo2 WriteString CLS WriteString RST Chapter 4 Application Programs Send commands to set channel 1 on instrument End With Sleep 2000 With mfIol Set up instrument 1 WriteString SOURCEL WriteString SOURCEL WriteString SOURCE1 WriteString SOURCE1 WriteString SOURCE1 WriteString OUTPUT1 Set trigger mode to WriteString TRIGGER1 SOURCE BUS Set up and turn on infinite cycle burst with infinite This burst will start on instrument 1 when instrument trigger TRG WriteString WriteString WriteString Set up the output trigger its burst starts WriteString WriteString WriteString SOURCE1 SOURCE1 FUNCTION SIN FREQUENCY 1000 VOLT UNIT VPP VOLT 2 VOLT OFFSET 0 LOAD 50 BUS for instrument 1 BURST NCYCLES INF BURST MODE TRIG SOURCE1 BURST STATE ON OUTPUT TRIGGER ON OUTPUT TRIGGER SLOPE POSITIVE OUTPUT TRIGGER SOURCE CH1 turn off continuous INITIATE1 CONTINUOUS OFF burst WriteString arm instrument wit WriteString INITIATEL End With With mfIo2 Set up instrument 2 Send commands to set channel 1 on instrument 2 WriteString SOURCEL WriteString SOURCE1 VOLT UNIT VPP VOLT 1 VOLT OFFSET 1 LOAD 50 WriteString SOURCE1 WriteString SOURCE1 WriteString SOURCE1 WriteString OUTPUT1 Set trigger mode to FUNCTION RAMP FREQUENC
120. eak into a 50Q termination At power on the channel output connectors are disabled To enable output on a channel connector press the 33521A 1 or 2 33522A button and then press the Output Off On softkey If the waveform generator does not turn on verify that the power cord is firmly connected to the power receptacle on the rear panel the power line voltage is automatically sensed at power on You should also make sure that the waveform generator is connected to an energized power source Then verify that the waveform generator is turned on Also look at the LED below the power switch If it is off there is no AC power connected If it is amber the instrument is in standby mode with AC power connected and if it is green the instrument is on Chapter 1 Quick Start To Prepare the Waveform Generator for Use To turn off the instrument you must hold the power switch down for about 500 ms This prevents you from accidentally turning off the instrument by brushing against the power switch If the power on self test fails the instrument shows the ERR annunciator in the upper right corner of the display It also prominently displays the following message Check for error messages in the error queue See the Agilent 33500 Series Service Guide for information on error codes and for instructions on returning the waveform generator to Agilent for service Chapter 1 Quick Start To Adjust the Carrying
121. elays You can disable autoranging to eliminate momentary disruptions caused by switching of the attenuators while changing amplitude However turning autoranging off has side effects The amplitude and offset accuracy and resolution and waveform fidelity may be adversely affected when reducing the amplitude below a range change that would occur with autoranging on e You may not be able to achieve the minimum amplitude that is available with autoranging on Some instrument specifications do not apply with autoranging off Front Panel Operation Press or C1 or C2 and press the Range softkey again to toggle between the Auto and Hold selections Remote Interface Operation VOLTage RANGe AUTO OFF ON ONCE The APPLy command overrides the voltage autorange setting and automatically enables autoranging Output Control You can disable or enable the front panel channel output connector By default the output is disabled at power on to protect other equipment When a channel output connector is enabled the corresponding or C1 or 2 key is illuminated Front Panel Operation Press or 1 or 2 followed by Output On Off to enable the output If an excessive external voltage is applied to a front panel channel output connector by an external circuit the instrument will generate an error message and disable the output To re enable the output remove the overload from the connector and press or C or C2 foll
122. elect FSK Press and then select FSK using the Type softkey Then press the Modulate softkey to turn modulation On Notice the status message FSK Modulated at the top left of the display 39 Chapter 2 Front Panel Menu Operation To Output an FSK Waveform Set the hop frequency Press the Hop Freq softkey and then set the value to 500 Hz using the numeric keypad or the knob and cursor keys If you use the numeric keypad be sure to finish the entry by pressing the Hz softkey Hop Freq FSK Rate 10 000 000 Hz Cancel Set the FSK shift rate Press the FSK Rate softkey and then set the value to 100 Hz using the numeric keypad or the knob and cursor keys Hop Freq 500 000 000 Hz FSK Rate KO At this point the waveform generator outputs an FSK waveform 40 Chapter 2 Front Panel Menu Operation To Output a PWM Waveform To Output a PWM Waveform You can configure the waveform generator to output a pulse width modulated PWM waveform The Agilent 33500 Series provides PWM for pulse carrier waveforms In PWM the pulse width or duty cycle of the carrier waveform is varied according to the modulating waveform You can specify either a pulse width and width deviation or a pulse duty cycle and duty cycle deviation the deviation to be controlled by the modulating waveform To change from pulse width to pulse duty cycle press unis For this example you will specify a pulse width and
123. ency 1 000 000 000kHz Amplitude 707 100mVrms Ifyou specify a 50 ohm termination but are actually terminating into an open circuit the actual output will be twice the value specified For example if you set the DC offset to 100 mVDC and specify a 50 Q load but are terminating the output into an open circuit the actual offset will be 200 mVDC Ifyou change the output termination setting the displayed output amplitude and offset levels are automatically adjusted no error will be generated For example if you set the amplitude to 10 Vpp and then change the output termination from 50 ohms to high impedance the amplitude displayed on the waveform generator s front panel will double to 20 Vpp If you change from high impedance to 50 ohms the displayed amplitude and offset will drop in half This changes the displayed value not the generated output voltage You cannot specify the output amplitude in dBm if the output termination is currently set to high impedance The units are automatically converted to Vpp You cannot change the output termination if voltage limits are enabled because the instrument cannot know which output termination settings the voltage limits apply to To change output termination disable voltage limits set the new termination value adjust the voltage limits and re enable voltage limits 89 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Output Configuration Front Panel Operation Press or a
124. equency if the output is enabled For this example press MHz Frequency RUMI TF Note You can also enter the desired value using the knob and cursor keys Chapter 1 Quick Start To Set the Output Amplitude To Set the Output Amplitude At power on the waveform generator is configured for a sine wave with an amplitude of 100 mV peak to peak into a 50Q termination The following steps show you how to change the amplitude to 50 mVpp Press wis then the softkey marked Amp Offs or High Low to make sure that you are in Amp Offs The displayed amplitude is either the power on value or the amplitude previously selected When you change functions the same amplitude is used if the present value is valid for the new function To choose whether you want to specify voltage as amplitude and offset or high and low values press and then the second softkey In this case we will highlight Amp Offs Frequency 1 200 000 000MHz Amplitude 100 0mVpp Offset 0 000 Y Phase 0 00 Frequency Amp Offs Amplas Start Stop Period High Low Vpp Cntr Span 10 Chapter 1 Quick Start To Set the Output Amplitude 2 Enter the magnitude of the desired amplitude Press and then press Amplitude Using the numeric keypad enter the number 50 Frequency 1 200 000 000MHz Amplitude Offset 0 000 V Phase 0 000 CH1 Sine Parameters Cancel mVpp Vpp m rms Vrms 3 Select the desired units Press the softke
125. er modulation parameters Press and then select FM using the Type softkey The FM waveform is output using the present settings for the carrier frequency modulating frequency output amplitude and offset voltage Remote Interface Operation To avoid multiple waveform changes enable FM after you have set up the other modulation parameters FM STATe OFF ON 107 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Frequency Modulation FM Carrier Waveform Shape FM carrier shape Sine default Square Pulse Triangle PRBS UpRamp DnRamp or Noise You cannot use arbitrary waveform or DC as the carrier waveform Front Panel Operation Press and select any waveform except Noise Arb or DC Remote Interface Operation FUNCtion SINusoid SQUare RAMP PULSe PRBS NOISe ARB You can also use the APPLy command to select the function frequency amplitude and offset with a single command 108 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Frequency Modulation FM Carrier Frequency The maximum carrier frequency depends on the function selected as shown below The default is 1 kHz for all functions Function Minimum Frequency Maximum Frequency Sine 1 Hz 30 MHz Square 1 pHz 30 MHz Ramp 1 pHz 200 kHz Pulse 1 pHz 30 MHz PRBS 1 mBPS 50 MBPS The carrier frequency must always be greater than or equal to the frequency deviation If you attempt to set the deviation to a value greater than the carrier frequency with F
126. eriod softkey to choose Period Then press and choose Period Set the period to 500 ms Period 5 0 000 000ms Amplitude 100 0mVpp Offset 0 000 V Pulse Width 100 000 0us Lead Edge 10 0ns Trail Edge 10 0ns Phase 0 00 isthe Amplitude Offset Pulse Edge Phase Width Times 20 Chapter 1 Quick Start To Configure a Pulse Waveform 3 Set the pulse width Press and the Pulse Width softkey and then set the pulse width to 10 ms The pulse width represents the time from the 50 threshold of the rising edge to the 50 threshold of the next falling edge Period 500 000 000ms Amplitude 100 0mVpp Offset 0 000 Pulse Width Ts Lead Edge 10 0ns Trail Edge 10 0ns Phase 0 00 4 Set the edge time for both edges Press the Edge Time softkey and then set the edge time for both the leading and trailing edges to 50 ns The edge time represents the time from the 10 threshold to the 90 threshold of each edge Each Edge Both Time 21 Chapter 1 Quick Start To Select a Stored Arbitrary Waveform To Select a Stored Arbitrary Waveform There are nine built in arbitrary waveforms stored in non volatile memory They are Cardiac D Lorentz Exponential Fall Exponential Rise Gaussian Haversine Lorentz Negative Ramp and Sinc The following steps show you how to select the built in exponential fall waveform from the front panel For information on creating a custom arbitrary waveform refer to
127. esulting amplitude is 5 Vpp with an offset voltage of 500 mV For a DC signal the output level is actually controlled by setting the offset voltage You can set the DC level to any value between 5 V and 5 V with a 50 Q load or 10 to 10 VDC with a high impedance load See DC Offset Voltage on the following page for more information To select a DC signal from the front panel press Cer then More and DC Enter the Offset with the knob or keypad and if you use the keypad press mV or V to finish entering the value Then press or C or C2 and make sure the Output softkey is ON Front Panel Operation To set the output amplitude press and then the Amplitude softkey for the selected function Then use the knob or numeric keypad to enter the desired amplitude To set the amplitude using a high level and low level press and then press the Amp Offs softkey to toggle it to High Low 85 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Output Configuration Remote Interface Operation VOLTage lt amplitude gt MINimum MAXimum Or you can set the amplitude by specifying a high level and low level using the following commands VOLTage HIGH lt voltage gt MINimum MAXimum VOLTage LOW lt voltage gt MINimum MAXimum You can also use the APPLy command to select the function frequency amplitude and offset with a single command DC Offset Voltage The default offset is O volts for all functions Limits Due to Amplitude T
128. ff On JSettings off On Off CH2 Off f Frequency Coupling Frequency coupling allows you to couple frequencies or sample rates between the two channels Channel frequencies can be linked with a constant ratio or offset between them Press the Freq Cpl softkey to turn frequency coupling on and off and press Freq Cpl Settings to configure frequency coupling 156 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Dual Channel Operations 33522A Only The Freq Cpl Settings softkey opens the menu shown below The first softkey allows you to specify whether you want to couple the frequencies with a ratio or an offset and you use the second softkey to specify the value of the ratio or offset _ Tsine OFF 500 Frequency 1 000 000 000kHz are Dual Channel Operation Pha gt Channels Independent Coupling tracking combining OFF FC Mode E CEH Ratio Ratio Amplitude Coupling Amplitude coupling which is enabled by the Ampl Cpl softkey couples the amplitude and offset voltage between the channels This means that changing the amplitude or offset on one channel will affect both channels Tracking Tracking which is configured by the Tracking softkey has three modes Off On and Invert When tracking is off the two channels operate independently When tracking is on the two channels behave as one channel The third mode Invert makes the channels outputs inverses of each other resulting in a differential channel using both
129. form advance e Specify the trigger count and delay e Specify the slope rising or falling edge for an external trigger source e Specify the slope rising or falling edge of the Trig Out signal e Enable disable the Sync signal which is output from the Sync connector 34 Chapter 2 Front Panel Menu Operation To Select the Output Termination To Select the Output Termination The Agilent 33500 Series has a fixed series output impedance of 50 Q to the front panel channel connectors If the actual load impedance is different than the value specified the displayed amplitude and offset levels will be incorrect The load impedance setting is simply provided as a convenience to ensure that the displayed voltage matches the expected load 1 Press or C1 or C2 to open the channel configuration screen Note that the current output termination values both 50 Q in this case appear on the tabs at the top of the screen 2 Specify the output termination Press the Output Load softkey Period 5 000 000 000ks Amplitude 1 000 000 Vpp Offset m Phase 3 Select the desired output termination Use the knob or numeric keypad to select the desired load impedance or press the Set to 50 Q softkey or the Set to High Z softkey 35 Chapter 2 Front Panel Menu Operation To Reset the Waveform Generator To Reset the Waveform Generator To reset the instrument to its factory default state press and t
130. from Channel 1 By default the Sync signal is routed to the Sync connector enabled When the Sync signal is disabled the output level on the Sync connector is at a logic low level When a waveform is inverted see Waveform Polarity on the previous page the Sync signal associated with the waveform is not inverted The Sync signal setting is overridden by the setting of the marker used with the sweep mode see page 137 Therefore when the marker is enabled and the sweep mode is also enabled the Sync signal setting is ignored For sine pulse ramp square and triangle waveforms the Sync signal is a square waveform with a 50 duty cycle The Sync signal is high in the first half of the cycle and low in the last half The Sync signal s voltage levels are TTL compatible when its load impedance is more than 1 kQ For arbitrary waveforms the Sync signal is a Marker pulse with a rising edge at the beginning of the ARB waveform and a falling edge at the point number selected as Marker The Sync signal is a TTL high when the first downloaded waveform point is output This default behavior may be overridden by using the MARKer POINt command which specifies a certain point within the arbitrary waveform at which the Sync signal will transition to low 95 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Output Configuration For internally modulated AM FM PM and PWM the Sync signal is normally refere
131. fter enabling sweeps press Hold amp Return and then the Return Time softkey Then use the knob or numeric keypad to enter the desired sweep time Remote Interface Operation SWEep RTIMe lt seconds gt MINimum MAXimum 136 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Frequency Sweep Marker Frequency If desired you can set the frequency at which the signal on the front panel Sync connector goes to a logic low during the sweep The Sync signal always goes from low to high at the beginning of the sweep Marker frequency 1 Hz to 30 MHz limited to 200 kHz for ramp The default is 500 Hz When the sweep mode is enabled the marker frequency must be between the specified start frequency and stop frequency If you attempt to set the marker frequency to a frequency not in this range the waveform generator will automatically set the marker frequency equal to the start frequency or stop frequency whichever is closer The Sync enable setting is overridden by enabling the marker used with the sweep mode see page 95 Therefore when the marker is enabled and the sweep mode is also enabled the Sync setting is ignored You cannot configure the marker frequency with the front panel menus unless the Sync source is the sweeping channel Front Panel Operation After enabling a sweep press Craser then Sync Setup Then press Mode and Marker Finally press Marker Freq Then use the knob or numeric keypad to enter the de
132. generator converts the phase to degrees For sine square and ramp waveforms 0 degrees is the point at which the waveform crosses zero volts or the DC offset value in a positive going direction For arbitrary waveforms 0 degrees is the first waveform point downloaded to memory The burst phase has no effect on noise waveforms The burst phase is also used in the gated burst mode When the gate signal goes false the current waveform cycle is completed and then the waveform generator stops The output will remain at the voltage level corresponding to the starting burst phase Front Panel Operation To set the burst phase press and then the Start Phase softkey Then use the knob or numeric keypad to enter the desired phase in degrees Remote Interface Operation SOURce 1 2 BURSt PHASe lt angle gt MINimum MAXimum 147 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Burst Mode Burst Trigger Source In the triggered burst mode the waveform generator outputs a burst with the specified number of cycles burst count each time a trigger is received After the specified number of cycles have been output the waveform generator stops and waits for the next trigger At power on the internally triggered burst mode is enabled Burst trigger source Internal default External Timer or Manual When the Internal immediate source is selected the rate at which the burst is generated is determined by the burst period Whe
133. ger from its EXT TRIG IN OUT rear connection when its burst starts The EXT TRIG IN OUT output from the first instrument is connected by a signal cable to the EXT TRIG IN OUT on the second instrument In this way the second burst starts at the same time as the first instrument burst For tight synchronization the 10MHz output of the first instrument should also be connected to the 10 MHz input connector of the second instrument Instrument 1 Configuration Channel 1 Wave Shape Sine Frequency 1000 Hz Amplitude 2 Volt Peak to Peak Offset 0 Volt Load Impedence 50 Ohm Channel 1 Output Enabled Instrument 2 Configuration Channel 1 Wave Shape Ramp Frequency 2 KHz Amplitude 1 Volt Peak to Peak Offset 1 Volt Load Impedence 50 Ohm Channel 1 Output Enabled POCONO TUT TOY TOU Te UY WY OY OY Pe VY Vy UY OY VY UY OY UY OY Ue OY VY UY OY VY Oy UY OY VY UY OY UY OY UY OY VY OY OY VY VY UY OY VY OY OY UY VY UYU WY VY OY UY VY OY OY OY ve YY ve OY Private Sub Command1 Click Dim io_mgr As VisaComLib ResourceManager Dim mfIol As VisaComLib Formatted10488 Dim mfIo2 As VisaComLib Formatted10488 Set io_mgr New AgilentRMLib SRMCl1s Set mfIol New Formatted10488 Set mfIo2 New Formatted10488 Set mfIol IO io mgr Open Text1 Text NO LOCK 2000 Set mfIo2 IO io mgr Open Text2 Text NO LOCK 2000 On Error GoTo MyError Clear and reset instruments With mfIol WriteString CLS Writ
134. he relationship between offset voltage and output amplitude is shown below The peak output voltage DC plus AC cannot exceed the instrument output rating 5 V into 50 load or 10 V into a high impedance load Vmax is the maximum peak voltage for the selected output termination 5 V for a 50 Q load or 10 V for a high impedance load Voffset lt Vmax Vpp 2 If the specified offset voltage is not valid the waveform generator will automatically adjust it to the maximum DC voltage allowed with the amplitude specified Limits Due to Output Termination The offset limits are determined by the current output termination setting For example if you set the offset to 100 mVDC and then change the output termination from 50 ohms to high impedance the offset voltage displayed on the waveform generator s front panel will double to 200 mVDC and no error will be generated If you change from high impedance to 50 ohms the displayed offset will drop in half See Output Termination on page 89 for more information 86 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Output Configuration Arbitrary Waveform Limitations For arbitrary waveforms the maximum offset and amplitude will be limited if the waveform data points do not span the full range of the output DAC Digital to Analog Converter You can also set the offset by specifying a high level and low level For example if you set the high level to 2 volts and the l
135. he trigger menu is not selected The key is disabled when the instrument is in remote Pressing when the button is solidly illuminated will cause a manual trigger Pressing when the button is flashing will select the trigger menu and a second press will cause a manual trigger 50 Chapter 2 Front Panel Menu Operation To Store the Instrument State To Store the Instrument State You can store instrument states in any number of state files which always have a sta extension You can do this for backup purposes or you can save your state to a USB drive and then reload the state on a different instrument in order to have instruments with matching configurations 1 Select the desired storage location Press and then press the Store Recall softkey followed by the Store State softkey System ee ae ee or System gt Store Recall Store Recall Delete Power On Set to State State State Factory Defaults 2 Specify the name for the selected location Use the knob and arrows to enter the file name Action Save instrument state Path Fie ESTES Action Name Store Cancel Store Browse State t To add characters press the right cursor key until the cursor is to the right of the existing name and then turn the knob 51 Chapter 2 Front Panel Menu Operation To Store the Instrument State To delete a character rotate the knob until you get to the blank character before the capital A
136. he waveform generator s specifications You can contact Agilent Technologies at one of the following telephone numbers for warranty service or technical support information In the United States 800 829 4444 In Europe 31 20 547 2111 In Japan 0120 421 345 Or use our Web link for information on contacting Agilent worldwide www agilent com find assist Or contact your Agilent Technologies Representative 11 12 Agilent 33500 Series at a Glance 6 The Front Panel at a Glance 7 The Front Panel Display at a Glance 8 Front Panel Number Entry 9 The Rear Panel at a Glance 10 In This Book 11 Quick Start 4 To Prepare the Waveform Generator for Use 5 To Adjust the Carrying Handle 7 To Set the Output Frequency 8 To Set the Output Amplitude 10 To Set a DC Offset Voltage 13 To Set the High Level and Low Level Values 15 To Output a DC Voltage 17 To Set the Duty Cycle of a Square Wave 18 To Configure a Pulse Waveform 20 To Select a Stored Arbitrary Waveform 22 To Use the Built In Help System 23 To Rack Mount the Waveform Generator 26 Front Panel Menu Operation 30 Front Panel Menu Reference 31 To Select the Output Termination 35 To Reset the Waveform Generator 36 To Output a Modulated Waveform 37 To Output an FSK Waveform 39 To Output a PWM Waveform 41 To Output a Frequency Sweep 44 To Output a Burst Waveform 47 To Trigger a Sweep or Burst 50 To Store the Instrument State 51 To Configure th
137. hen press Enter 173 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Remote Interface Configuration Remote Interface Configuration This section gives information on configuring the waveform generator for remote interface communication For information on configuring the instrument from the front panel see To Configure the Remote Interface starting on page 53 For information on the SCPI commands available to program the waveform generator over the remote interface see the Agilent 33500 Series Programmer s Reference Help The Agilent 33500 Series supports remote interface communication using a choice of three interfaces GPIB optional USB and LAN All three interfaces are live at power up This section describes some interface configuration parameters that you may need to set on your waveform generator GPIB Interface You need only set the GPIB address for the waveform generator and connect it to your PC using a GPIB cable USB Interface There is nothing to configure on your waveform generator Just connect the waveform generator to the PC with a USB cable LAN Interface By default DHCP is On which may enable network communication over the LAN interface You may need to set several configuration parameters as described in the LAN configuration sections that follow Connectivity Software and Product CDs The Agilent 33500 Series is shipped with two CDs lt Agilent Automation Ready CD This CD contain
138. hen select the Store Recall and Set to Defaults softkeys For a complete listing of the instrument s power on and reset conditions see Agilent 33500 Series Factory Default Settings on page 212 36 Chapter 2 Front Panel Menu Operation To Output a Modulated Waveform To Output a Modulated Waveform A modulated waveform consists of a carrier and a modulating waveform In AM amplitude modulation the amplitude of the carrier is varied by the modulating waveform For this example you will output an AM waveform with 80 modulation depth The carrier will be a 5 kHz sine wave and the modulating waveform will be a 200 Hz sine wave peeter Select the function frequency and amplitude of the carrier Press and then press the Sine softkey Press the Frequency Amplitude and Offset softkeys to configure the carrier waveform For this example select a 5 kHz sine wave with an amplitude of 5 Vpp with 0 V offset Note that you may specify amplitude in Vpp Vrms or dBm To do this either enter the value with the number pad or press Coms Select AM Press and then select AM using the Type softkey Then press the Modulate softkey to turn modulation On Notice that the button is illuminated and the status message AM Modulated by Sine appears at the top left of the display Set the modulation depth Press the AM Depth softkey and then set the value to 80 using the numeric keypad or the knob
139. her a linear or logarithmic function or a list of up to 128 user specified frequencies In a linear sweep the output frequency changes in a constant hertz per second manner but in a logarithmic sweep the frequency changes in a constant octaves per second or decades per second way Logarithmic sweeps let you cover wide frequency ranges where resolution at low frequencies could be lost with a linear sweep Frequency sweeps are characterized by a sweep time during which the frequency changes smoothly from the start frequency to the stop frequency a hold time during which the frequency stays at the stop frequency and a return time during which the frequency returns smoothly to the start frequency Trigger settings determine when the next sweep begins The returns are always linear Frequency SOR i eee eee Frequency Start Frequency Time Sweep pie Hold i Return i i Time i Time Time i Trigger starts sweep Trigger starts next sweep 248 Chapter 5 Tutorial Attributes of AC Signals Attributes of AC Signals The most common AC signal is a sine wave In fact any periodic signal can be represented as the sum of different sine waves The magnitude of a sine wave is usually specified by its peak peak to peak or root mean square RMS value All of these measures assume that the waveform has zero offset voltage fo T N V Peak Vrms 0 707 Veeak 7 VpK Pk lt
140. ilent 33500 Series 502 i l N N l A a Vvv LLAAA WI i l MN N 000 4 SG i lt i V Veen Vout Shiela RLS Vi Vout lenn X Zshield ii lly J l 1 4 2g l l S gt 1MQ 50nF i e I GND j f A p i N e A e Net T7 Venp 253 Chapter 5 Tutorial Ground Loops At frequencies above a few kHz a coaxial cable s shield becomes inductive rather than resistive and the cable begins to act like a transformer When this happens voltage drops in the shield due to Ianp tend to be offset by equal voltages in the center conductor thereby reducing the effects of ground loops at higher frequencies Coaxial cables with two or three braided shields are much better than those with single braided or foil shields because they have lower resistance and therefore become transformers at lower frequencies To reduce errors due to ground loops connect the waveform generator to the load using a high quality coaxial cable and ground it at the load through the cable s shield If possible make sure the waveform generator and the load are connected to the same electrical outlet to minimize further differences in ground potential Be aware that the outer shells of the Sync and Modulation In connectors are connected to those of the main output connector s Cables attached to Sync and or Modulation In are therefore potential sources of ground loops Also be aware that atte
141. imitations 84 offset limitations 84 range hold 93 unit limitations 84 units 88 amplitude coupling 157 amplitude modulation 102 107 carrier frequency 103 carrier waveform 103 front panel operation 37 modulating source 106 modulating waveform 104 modulation depth 105 application programs 213 autoranging amplitude 93 B beeper 166 blank display 166 BNC Modulation In 106 112 122 131 brightness display 167 170 built in help system 23 bulb saver mode 166 Burst 145 burst 141 burst count 145 burst period 146 burst phase 147 burst type 142 external gated mode 142 external trigger source 154 front panel operation 47 gated burst 247 n cycle burst 246 starting phase 246 trigger out signal 149 trigger output 155 trigger source 148 triggered mode 142 waveform frequency 144 bus interface configuration 53 174 bus trigger 152 C calibration message 189 read count 188 security code 186 calibration certificate 5 carrying handle changing positions 7 CD ROM connectivity software 5 CD ROM shipped with 33220A 214 chassis ground 10 comma separator 171 command errors 165 configuration GPIB 53 174 LAN 53 174 181 remote interface 53 174 USB 53 54 174 connector 10 MHz In 183 10 MHz Out 183 Modulation In 106 112 122 131 Sync Output 95 Trig In 154 Trig Out 155 context sensitive help 23 copy files 168 count burst 145 crest factor 249 cycle count burst 145 D date 167 dBm 88 250 de offset amplitude limita
142. ing Waveform Frequency The waveform generator will accept an internal or external modulation source for PWM The external modulation input has a 3dB bandwidth of 100 kHz Modulating frequency internal source 1 uHz to 30 MHz The default is 10 Hz Front Panel Operation After enabling PWM press the PWM Freq softkey Remote Interface Operation SOURce 1 2 PWM INTernal FREQuency lt frequency gt MINimum MAXimum Width or Duty Cycle Deviation The PWM deviation setting represents the peak variation in width of the modulated pulse waveform The width deviation can be set either in units of time or duty cycle Front Panel Operation After enabling PWM press Phase Dev Then use the knob or numeric keypad to enter the desired deviation Remote Interface Operation PWM DEViation lt width or duty_cycle gt MINimum MAXimum 125 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Pulse Width Modulation PWM Modulating Source The waveform generator will accept an internal or external modulation source for PWM Modulating source Internal default Other Channel or External Ifyou select the External source the carrier waveform is modulated with an external waveform The width deviation is controlled by the 5 V signal level present on the rear panel Modulation In connector For example if you have set the deviation to 1 us then a 5 V signal level corresponds to a 1 us increase in width Lower ex
143. irst character must be a letter but the remaining characters can be letters numbers or an underscore _ You do not have to use all 12 characters but the first character must always be a letter 186 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Calibration Overview To Unsecure for Calibration You can unsecure the waveform generator either from the front panel or over the remote interface The waveform generator is secured when shipped from the factory and the security code is set to AT33520A Once you enter a security code that code must be used for both front panel and remote operation For example if you secure the waveform generator from the front panel you must use that same code to unsecure it from the remote interface Front Panel Operation Press and select Calibrate Then enter the security code with the knob and numeric keypad and select Unlock Cal Remote Interface Operation To unsecure the waveform generator send the following command with the correct security code CAL SECURE STATE OFF AT33520A To Secure Against Calibration You can secure the waveform generator either from the front panel or over the remote interface The waveform generator is secured when shipped from the factory and the security code is set to AT33520A Once you enter a security code that code must be used for both front panel and remote operation For example if you secure the waveform generator from the front p
144. ith a single command EQuency lt frequency gt MINimum MAXimum PLy command to select the function frequency 103 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Amplitude Modulation AM Modulating Waveform Shape The waveform generator will accept an internal or external modulation source for AM Modulating waveform shape internal source Sine default Square UpRamp DnRamp Triangle Noise PRBS or Arb waveform Square has 50 duty cycle UpRamp has 100 symmetry _ Triangle has 50 symmetry AN DnRamp has 0 symmetry ia e Noise white gaussian noise PRBS Pseudo Random Bit Sequence polynomial PN7 Arb Arbitrary waveform Front Panel Operation After enabling AM press the Shape softkey Remote Interface Operation AM INTernal FUNCtion SINusoid SQUare PULSe RAMP NRAMp TRIangle NOISe PRBS ARB Modulating Waveform Frequency The waveform generator will accept an internal or external modulation source for AM Modulating frequency internal source varies by signal type from 1 pHz to 30 MHz The default is 100 Hz Modulating frequency external source 0 to 100 kHz Front Panel Operation After enabling AM modulation press More and then the AM Freq softkey 104 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Amplitude Modulation AM Remote Interface Operation SOURce 1 2 AM INTernal FREQuency lt frequency gt MINimum MAXimum Modulation Depth The modu
145. kkxkxkkxkxkkkxkkkkkkkxx This sample program is intended for use with Microsoft Visual studio 6 0 and Agilent Visa Object library Sample program execution requires VISA library installation Agilent Technologies provides programming examples for illustration only Add ibraries below in Project reference menu before executing sample program VISA COM 3 0 Type Library Location lt visa install location gt VisaCom GlobMgr dll VISA COM 488 2 Formatted I O 1 0 Location l lt visa install location gt VisaCom BasFrmIO dl1l VISA COM Resource Manager 1 0 Location J lt Agilent IO Library install gt bin AgtRM dll 1 kkkkxkxkxkxkxkxkxkxkxkxkkxkxkxkxkxkxkxkxkxkxkxkxkxkxkxkxkxkkxkxkkxkxkkxkkkxkkkxkxkkkkkxkxkkxkxkkxkxkkxkxkkxkxkkxkxkkkxkkkkkxxk O EIRIEIRINIEIEIEIEIEIEIEI EIE SIEIEIEIEIEIEISIEIEIEIEIEIEIEIE EIE EI EIEISIEISIEIEIEIEIEIEIEIEIEIEIEIEIEIS EIEI VY OY UY OY VY OY OY VY ve vy OY OY OY ve OY Signal SUM Example is a sample program to demonstate the capablity of adding two Channels function and get the output Algorithm x 1 Set the base signals to sum on Channell amp Channel2 Set the SUM modulation on Channel 1 Source for SUM modulation will be Channel2 function Set Sum Amplitude Enable modulation output Enable channels output Ou WD Channel 1 Parameters Wave Shape Sine Frequency 1000 Hz Amplitude 2 Volt Peak to Peak ij Offset 0 Volt l Output Impedence 50 Ohm Channel 2 Para
146. lation depth is expressed as a percentage and represents the extent of the amplitude variation At 0 depth the output amplitude is constant at one half of the carrier s amplitude setting At 100 depth the output amplitude varies according to the modulating waveform from 0 to 100 of the carrier s amplitude setting Modulation depth 0 to 120 The default is 100 Even at greater than 100 depth the waveform generator will not exceed 5 V peak on the output into a 50 Q load To achieve modulation depth greater than 100 output carrier amplitude may be reduced Front Panel Operation After enabling AM press the AM Depth softkey Then use the knob or numeric keypad to enter the depth Remote Interface Operation AM DEPTh lt depth_in_percent gt MINimum MAXimum Double Sideband Suppressed Carrier AM The 33500 Series supports two forms of amplitude modulation Normal and Double Sideband Suppressed Carrier DSSC To change between normal AM and DSSC use the command SOURce 1 2 AM DSSC ON OFF In DSSC the carrier is not present unless the modulating signal has an amplitude greater than zero 105 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Amplitude Modulation AM Modulating Source The waveform generator will accept an internal or external modulation source for AM Modulating source Internal default Other Channel or External Ifyou select the External source the carrier wa
147. m total sweep time including hold time and return time is 8 000 seconds The maximum total sweep time for linear sweeps using other trigger modes is 250 000 seconds and the maximum total sweep time for logarithmic sweeps is 500 seconds Front Panel Operation After enabling sweeps press Sweep Time Then use the knob or numeric keypad to enter the desired sweep time Remote Interface Operation SOURce 1 2 SWEep TIME lt seconds gt MINimum MAXimum 135 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Frequency Sweep Hold Time The hold time specifies the number of seconds to remain at the stop frequency This allows the stop frequency to be sustained for a set time By default this value is zero and the sweep will immediately return to the start frequency Hold time 0 to 3600 seconds The default is 0 seconds Front Panel Operation After enabling sweeps press Hold amp Return and then the Hold Time softkey Then use the knob or numeric keypad to enter the desired sweep time Remote Interface Operation SWEep HTIMe lt seconds gt MINimum MAXimum Return Time The return time specifies the number of seconds to return from the stop frequency to the start frequency The number of discrete frequency points in the return is automatically calculated by the waveform generator and is based on the return time you select Hold time 0 to 3600 seconds The default is 0 seconds Front Panel Operation A
148. meters Wave Shape Square Frequency 1000 Hz For Verification we can route the signal to oscilloscope and see the result 235 Chapter 4 Application Programs Program Listings Amplitude 2 Volt Peak to Peak Offset 0 Volt Output Impedence 50 Ohm Modulation Modulation type Sum Modulation Sum State ON g Sum Amplitude 1 V Channell Output Enabled g Channel2 Output Enabled VOUT UY TOY TE UY Te UY OY UY OY UY Oe UY VY UY OOY VY UY UY OY UY OY VN UY OY UY OY UY OY VY UY OY UY OY UY OY VY OY OY VY VY OY VY OY OY VY UY OY VN OOY OY VY VY vy VY OY OY VY OY Private Sub Command1 Click Dim io_mgr As VisaComLib ResourceManager Dim mfIo As VisaComLib Formatted10488 Set io_mgr New AgilentRMLib SRMCl1s Set mfIo New Formatted10488 Set mfIo IO io mgr Open Textl Text NO LOCK 2000 On Error GoTo MyError This program sets up a waveform by selecting the waveshape and adjusting the frequency amplitude and offset With mfIo Reset and clear instrument WriteString RST IO Clear Send Command to se WriteString SOURC WriteString SOURC WriteString SOURC the desired configuration on Channel 1 FUNCTION SIN FREQUENCY 1000 VOLT UNIT VPP AAA ec WriteString SOURCE1 VOLT 2 WriteString SOURC VOLT OFFSET 0 WriteString OUTPUT1 LOAD 50 Send Command to se WriteString SOURC WriteString SOURC WriteString SOURC WriteString SOURC VOLT 2 WriteString SOURC
149. mpting to drive those connector shells to different voltages can cause high current to flow through the instrument possibly causing damage 254 Specifications Chapter 6 Specifications Agilent 33500 Series Function Arbitrary Waveform Generator The characteristics and specifications shown below are a subset of the full specifications for the 33500 Series waveform generators For the complete set of the latest specifications see the Web page at www agilent com find 33521A www agilent com find 33522A INSTRUMENT CHARACTERISTICS MODELS AND OPTIONS 33521A 1 Channel 33522A 2 Channel Option 002 Increases Arbitrary Waveform memory from 1 MSa channel to 16 MSa channel Option 010 High stability frequency reference Option 400 GPIB interface WAVEFORMS Standard Sine Square Ramp Pulse Triangle Gaussian Noise PRBS Pseudorandom Binary Sequence DC Built In Cardiac Exponential Fall Arbitrary Exponential Rise Gaussian Pulse Haversine Lorentz Negative Ramp Sinc Up to 1 MSa 16 MSa with Option 002 with multi segment sequencing MODULATION TYPES amp OPERATING MODES User Defined Arbitrary Operating Continuous Modulate Frequency Modes Sweep Burst Output Gate Modulation AM FM PM FSK BPSK PWM Types Sum Carrier Modulation 100 kHz offset 125 dBc Hz 135 dBc Hz WAVEFORM CHARACTERISTICS SINE Frequency Range SQUARE and PULSE 1 wHz to 30 MHz 1 Hz resolution
150. n sweep or burst then the modulation or mode is turned off Carrier AM FM PM FSK BPSK PWM Sum Burst Sweep Sine and Square e e e e e Pulse e e e e e Triangle and Ramp e e e e Gaussian Noise e e2 PRBS e e e e e Single Arb ob eb e e Sequenced Arb e e a Rated b yst onl le clock not whole waveform Function Limitations If you change to a function whose maximum frequency is less than that of the current function the frequency is adjusted to the maximum value for the new function For example if you are currently outputting a 30 MHz sine wave and then change to the ramp function the waveform generator will automatically adjust the output frequency to 200 kHz the upper limit for ramps Amplitude Limitations If you change to a function whose maximum amplitude is less than that of the current function the amplitude is automatically adjusted to the maximum value for the new function This may occur when the output units are Vrms or dBm due to the differences in crest factor for the various output functions For example if you output a 5 Vrms square wave into 50 ohms and then change to the sine wave function the waveform generator will automatically adjust the output amplitude to 3 536 Vrms the upper limit for sine in Vrms The Amplitude and Offset cannot be set such that they combine to exceed the instrument
151. n PULSe WIDTh lt seconds gt MINimum MAXimum 99 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Pulse Waveforms Pulse Duty Cycle The pulse duty cycle is defined as Duty Cycle 100 Pulse Width Period where the pulse width represents the time from the 50 threshold of the rising edge of the pulse to the 50 threshold of the next falling edge Pulse duty cycle 0 to 100 see restrictions below The default is 10 The specified pulse duty cycle must conform to the following restrictions determined by the minimum pulse width Wmin The waveform generator will adjust the pulse duty cycle as needed to accommodate the specified period Duty Cycle gt 100 16 ns Period and Duty Cycle lt 100 1 16 ns Period The specified pulse duty cycle must conform to the following restriction determined by the edge time The waveform generator will adjust the pulse duty cycle as needed to accommodate the specified period To achieve edges gt 8 4 ns the pulse width must be at least 20 ns The longer the edges the greater the minimum pulse width Longer edges will therefore restrict duty cycle more than shorter edges Front Panel Operation After selecting the pulse function press and toggle the Width Duty Cyc softkey to the Duty Cyc softkey Then press faramo followed by Duty Cycle and use the knob or numeric keypad to enter the desired duty cycle Remote Interface Operation FUNCtion PULSe DCYCle lt percent
152. n Svr 166 Chapter 3 Features and Functions System Related Operations Display Brightness To optimize the readability of the front panel display you can adjust the brightness setting This feature is available from the front panel only Display brightness 10 to 100 default The contrast setting is stored in non volatile memory and does not change when power has been off or after a remote interface reset Front Panel Operation Press custom then System Setup User Settings Display Options and Brightness Date and Time You can set the date and time on your instrument Front Panel Operation Press stem then System Setup then Date Time Remote Interface Operation SYSTem DAT SYSTem TIME lt yyyy gt lt mm gt lt dd gt lt hh gt lt mm gt lt ss gt 167 Chapter 3 Features and Functions System Related Operations Manage Files You can perform file management tasks including copying renaming deleting and creating new folders Front Panel Operation Press system then System Setup then Manage Files Action Copy file or folder Path Fie O Copy Path Action Copy Perform Copy Bae Path Copy You can copy rename or delete files or folders Deleting a folder removes all of the files within the folder so be sure that you want to delete all of the files within the folder The most important softkey is the Action softkey which
153. n the External source is selected the waveform generator will accept a hardware trigger applied to the rear panel Ext Trig connector The waveform generator outputs the specified number of cycles each time Ext Trig receives a TTL pulse with the specified polarity External trigger signals that occur during a burst are ignored When the Manual source is selected the waveform generator outputs one burst each time the front panel key is pressed or the TRG command is issued When the External or Manual trigger source is selected the burst count and burst phase remain in effect but the burst period is ignored e When the Timer trigger source is selected the instrument uses a 50 duty cycle trigger output Front Panel Operation Press Gree the Trigger Setup softkey and then select the source by pressing the Trg Src softkey To specify whether the waveform generator triggers on the rising or falling edge of the signal on the Ext Trig connector press the Trigger Setup softkey Then select the desired edge direction with the Slope softkey 148 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Burst Mode Remote Interface Operation TRIGger 1 2 TRIGger SOURce IMMediate EXTernal TIMer BUS Use the following command to specify whether the waveform generator triggers on the rising or falling edge of the Ext Trig connector TRIGger 1 2 TRIGger SLOPe POSitive NEGative See Triggering on page 150 for more information
154. nced to the modulating waveform not the carrier and is a square waveform with a 50 duty cycle The Sync signal is a TTL high during the first half of the modulating waveform You can set up the Sync signal to follow the carrier waveform by using the command OUTPut SYNC MODE CARRier NORMal MARKer when modulating with internal modulation For externally modulated AM FM PM and PWM the Sync signal is referenced to the carrier waveform not the modulating waveform and is a square waveform with a 50 duty cycle The polarity of the Sync signal may be inverted using the SCPI command OUTPut SYNC POLarity INVerted NORMal For FSK the Sync signal is referenced to the hop frequency The Sync signal is a TTL high on the transition to the hop frequency For frequency sweeps with Marker Off the Sync signal is a square waveform with a 50 duty cycle for the duration of the sweep The Sync signal is a TTL high at the beginning of the sweep and goes low at the midpoint of the sweep The Sync signal is synchronized with the sweep but is not equal to the sweep time because its timing includes the re arm time For frequency sweeps with Marker On the Sync signal is a TTL high at the beginning of the sweep and goes low at the marker frequency You can change this behavior with the OUTPut 1 2 SYNC MODE MARKER command You can override normal sync behavior to force Sync to always
155. nds to program the waveform generator This chapter is divided into the following sections Output Configuration on page 80 Pulse Waveforms on page 98 Amplitude Modulation AM on page 102 Frequency Modulation FM on page 107 e Phase Modulation PM on page 113 Frequency Shift Keying FSK Modulation on page 119 e Pulse Width Modulation PWM on page 123 Frequency Sweep on page 132 Burst Mode on page 141 Triggering on page 150 Dual Channel Operations 33522A Only on page 156 System Related Operations on page 163 Remote Interface Configuration on page 174 Calibration Overview on page 186 Factory Default Settings on page 211 Throughout this manual default states and values are identified These are the power on default states provided you have not enabled the power down recall mode see Instrument State Storage on page 163 78 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Throughout this manual the following conventions are used for SCPI command syntax for remote interface programming Square brackets indicate optional keywords or parameters Braces enclose parameters within a command string Triangle brackets lt gt enclose parameters for which you must substitute a value A vertical bar separates multiple parameter choices 79 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Output Configuration Output Configuration This section
156. ns for Sync signal generation include assert Sync at the beginning of the segment negate Sync at the beginning of the segment maintain the current Sync state throughout the segment assert Sync at the beginning of the segment and negate it at a defined point within the segment 241 Chapter 5 Tutorial Quasi Gaussian Noise Quasi Gaussian Noise The Noise waveform is generated to be optimized for both quantitative and qualitative statistical properties Though not truly random it does not repeat for more than 50 years of continuous operation The Noise waveform s voltage distribution is approximately gaussian Unlike the ideal distribution there is zero probability of getting a voltage outside the range of the instrument s Vpp setting The crest factor peak voltage divided by RMS voltage is approximately 4 6 You can vary the Noise bandwidth from 1 mHz to 30 MHz The energy in the noise signal is concentrated in a band from DC to the selected bandwidth so the signal has greater spectral density in the band of interest when the bandwidth setting is lower In audio work for example you might set the bandwidth to 30 kHz to make the audio band signal strength 30 dB higher than if the bandwidth were set to 30 MHz PRBS A Pseudo Random Bit Sequence PRBS waveform has two states high and low like a Pulse or Square wave but it switches between them in a manner that is difficult to predict without knowing the seq
157. nto the main signal Although Sync is highly isolated from the main signal outputs in the instrument coupling can occur in external cabling For best results use high quality coaxial cables with double or triple shields If Sync is not required leave it unconnected or turned off Non Harmonic Spurious One source of non harmonic spurious components called spurs is the digital to analog converter DAC that converts the digital representation of the waveform into voltage Nonlinearity in this DAC gives rise to harmonics that can be higher than the Nyquist frequency 125 MHz and will therefore be aliased to a lower frequency For example the 5th harmonic of 30 MHz 150 MHz could create a spur at 100 MHz Another source of non harmonic spurs is the coupling of unrelated signal sources such as the embedded controller s clocks into the output signal These spurs usually have constant amplitude and are most troublesome at signal amplitudes below 100 mVpp For the best signal purity at low amplitudes keep the instrument s output level relatively high and use an external attenuator Phase Noise Phase noise results from small instantaneous changes in the output frequency jitter On a spectrum analyzer it appears as a rise in the apparent noise floor near the frequency of the output signal The phase noise specification represents the amplitudes of the noise in 1 Hz bands located 1 kHz 10 kHz and 100 kHz away from a 30 MHz sin
158. o display the entire waveform 210 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Factory Default Settings Factory Default Settings The table on the following page summarizes the factory default settings for the Agilent 33500 Series For your convenience this table is duplicated inside the rear cover of this manual and on the Quick Reference Card Note The power on state will be different than that in the table if you have enabled the power down recall mode See Instrument State Storage on page 163 211 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Factory Default Settings Agilent 33500 Series Factory Default Settings Output Configuration Factory Setting Function Sine wave Frequency 1 kHz Amplitude Offset 100 mVpp 0 VDC Output Units Vpp Output Termination 500 Autorange On Modulation Factory Setting Carrier AM FM PM FSK 1 kHz Sine wave Carrier PWM 1 kHz Pulse Mod Waveform AM Mod Waveform FM PM PWM 100 Hz Sine wave 10 Hz Sine wave AM Depth 100 FM Deviation 100 Hz PM Deviation 180 degrees FSK Hop Frequency 100 Hz FSK Rate 10 Hz PWM Width Deviation 10 us Modulation State Off Sweep Factory Setting Start Stop Frequency 100 Hz 1 kHz Sweep Time 1 Second Sweep Mode Linear Sweep State Off Burst Factory Setting Burst Count 1 Cycle Burst Period 10 ms Burst Start Phase 0 degrees Burst State Off System Related Operations Factory Setting e Power Down Recall e Disabled Display Mo
159. onnectors Reference Internal External or Auto Selection Frequency Standard 10 MHz 20 Hz Range Option 010 10 MHz 1 Hz Lock Time typ lt 2s Voltage Level 200 mVpp to 5 Vpp Input 1 KQ 20 pF AC coupled Impedance nom FREQUENCY REFERENCE OUTPUT Connector Rear panel BNC chassis referenced Output 50 Q AC coupled Impedance nom Level nom 0 dBm 632 mVpp REAL TIME CLOCK CALENDAR Set and Read Year Month Day Hour Minute Second Battery CR 2032 coin type replacable gt 5 year life typ Connector Assignment Voltage Level Input Impedance nom Bandwidth 3 dB typ Connector Rear panel BNC chassis referenced Function Input or outpu Assignment Channel 1 channel 2 or both as input Channel 1 or channel 2 as output Polarity Positive or negative slope Voltage Level 0 V to 0 4 V for low gt 2 3 V for nom high 3 5 V maximum as input 3 Vpp nom into open circuit 1 5 Vpp nom into 50 Q as output Output 10 kQ DC coupled as input Impedance 50 Q as output nom Min Pulse 16 ns Width nom MODULATION INPUT Rear panel BNC isolated Channel 1 Channel 2 or Both 5 V full scale 5 kQ DC to 100 kHz 260 MEMORY Chapter 6 Specifications Agilent 33500 Series Function Arbitrary Waveform Generator ARBITRARY WAVEFORM MEMORY Volatile 1M samples ch 512 Sequence steps ch Optional 16M point ch Non Volatile File
160. ons Frequency Shift Keying FSK Modulation FSK Carrier Frequency The maximum carrier frequency depends on the function selected as shown below The default is 1 kHz for all functions Function Minimum Frequency Maximum Frequency Sine 1 Hz 30 MHz Square 1 uHz 30 MHz Ramp 1 Hz 200 kHz Pulse 1 uHz 30 MHz When the External source is selected the output frequency is determined by the signal level on the rear panel Ext Trig connector When a logic low level is present the carrier frequency is output When a logic high level is present the hop frequency is output e Front Panel Operation To set the carrier frequency press the Freq softkey for the selected function Then use the knob or numeric keypad to enter the desired frequency Remote Interface Operation SOURce 1 2 FREQuency lt frequency gt MINimum MAXimum You can also use the APPLy command to select the function frequency amplitude and offset with a single command 120 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Frequency Shift Keying FSK Modulation FSK Hop Frequency The maximum alternate or hop frequency depends on the function selected as shown below The default is 100 Hz for all functions Function Minimum Frequency Maximum Frequency Sine 1 Hz 30 MHz Square 1 pHz 30 MHz Ramp Tri 1 Hz 200 kHz Pulse 1 pHz 30 MHz The internal modulating waveform is a square wave with a 50 duty cycle
161. ont panel messages and help text e Select how periods and commas are used in numbers displayed on the front panel e Turn the display on and off e Enable disable the beeper heard when an error is generated e Enable disable the display screen saver mode e Adjust the brightness setting of the front panel display e Install licenses for licensed features e Set date and time e Perform file and folder management copy rename delete and so on e Capture screen shots 33 Chapter 2 Front Panel Menu Operation Front Panel Menu Reference Help View the list of Help topics e View the last message displayed e View the remote command error queue e Get help on any key e Learn how to obtain Agilent Technical Support View about data serial number IP address firmware version and so on or C1 or Ca Channels Enable and configure channels e Turn channel on and off e Specify which channel is the focus of the menus e Select the output termination 19 to 10 kQ or Infinite e Enable disable amplitude autoranging e Select the waveform polarity normal or inverted e Specify voltage limits on channel e Specify whether the channel is to be in normal or gated mode e Configure the channel for dual channel operation 33522A Configure Trigger Settings e Perform a manual trigger when illuminated e Specify the trigger source for the sweep burst or arbitrary wave
162. ow level to 3 volts the resulting amplitude is 5 Vpp with an offset voltage of 500 mV For the DC volts function you control the output level by setting the offset voltage You can set the DC level to any value between 5 VDC into 50 ohms or 10 VDC into an open circuit Front Panel Operation To select a DC signal from the front panel press Goto then More and DC Enter the Offset with the knob or keypad and if you use the keypad press mV or V to finish entering the value Then press or C1 or C2 and make sure the Output softkey is ON Remote Interface Operation SOURce 1 2 VOLTage OFFSet lt offset gt MINimum MAXimum Or you can set the offset by specifying a high level and low level using the following commands SOURce 1 2 VOLTage HIGH lt voltage gt MINimum MAXimum SOURce 1 2 VOLTage LOW lt voltage gt MINimum MAXimum You can also use the APPLy command to select the function frequency amplitude and offset with a single command 87 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Output Configuration Output Units Applies to output amplitude only At power on the units for output amplitude are volts peak to peak Output units Vpp default Vrms or dBm The unit setting is stored in volatile memory The units are set to Vpp when power has been off or after a remote interface reset provided the Power On state is set to Factory The waveform generator uses the
163. owed by Output On Off to enable the output 93 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Output Configuration Remote Interface Operation OUTPut 1 2 OFF ON The APPLy command overrides the current setting and automatically enables the channel output connector Waveform Polarity In the normal mode default the waveform goes positive during the first part of the cycle In the inverted mode the waveform goes negative during the first part of the cycle As shown in the examples below the waveform is inverted relative to the offset voltage Any offset voltage present will remain unchanged when the waveform is inverted Normal Inverted No Offset Voltage With Offset Voltage When a waveform is inverted the Sync signal associated with the waveform is not inverted Front Panel Operation Press or 1 or 2 _ and then press Polarity to toggle between the Normal and Inverted selections Remote Interface Operation OUTPut 1 2 POLarity NORMal INVerted 94 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Output Configuration Sync Output Signal A sync output is provided on the front panel Sync connector All of the standard output functions except DC and noise have an associated Sync signal For applications where you may not want to output the Sync signal you can disable the Sync connector The Sync signal may be derived from either output channel in a two channel instrument By default the Sync signal is derived
164. peration You must enable sweep before setting up any of the other sweep parameters Press and then press Sweep to output a sweep using the present settings for frequency output amplitude and offset Remote Interface Operation To avoid multiple waveform changes enable the sweep mode after you have set up the other parameters FREQuency MODE SWEEP SWEep STATe OFF ON 132 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Frequency Sweep Start Frequency and Stop Frequency The start frequency and stop frequency set the upper and lower frequency bounds for the sweep The waveform generator begins at the start frequency sweeps to the stop frequency and then resets back to the start frequency Start and Stop frequencies 1 wHz to 30 MHz limited to 200 kHz for ramps The sweep is phase continuous over the full frequency range The default start frequency is 100 Hz The default stop frequency is 1 kHz To sweep up in frequency set the start frequency less than the stop frequency To sweep down in frequency set the start frequency greater than the stop frequency When the Sync setting is set to Normal the sync pulse goes high during the whole sweep When the Sync setting is set to Carrier the sync pulse has a 50 duty cycle for every waveform cycle When the Sync setting is set to Marker the sync pulse goes high at the beginning and goes low at the marker frequency Front Panel Operation After enabling swee
165. pre loaded into volatile memory Segment 8 Sa to 1 MSa 16 MSa with Length Option 002 in increments of 1 Sequence 1 to 512 steps Length Segment 1 to 1 000 000 or Infinite Repeat Count 256 Chapter 6 Specifications Agilent 33500 Series Function Arbitrary Waveform Generator OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS ISOLATION Outputs Connector shells for Ch 1 Ch2 Sync and Mod In are connected together but isolated from the instrument s chassis Maximum allowable voltage on isolated connector shells is 42 Vpk SIGNAL OUTPUT Output 50 Q Impedance nom On Off User selectable for each channel Inverted Voltage Limit User definable Vmax and Vin safety limits Overload Output turns off automatically Protection when an overload is applied Instrument will tolerate a short circuit to ground indefinitely FREQUENCY ACCURACY STANDARD spec 1 Year 1 ppm of setting 15 pHz 23 C 5 C 1 Year 2 ppm of setting 15 pHz 0 C to 55 C OPTION 010 spec 1 Year 0 1 ppm of setting 15 pHz 0 C to 55 C 257 Chapter 6 Specifications Agilent 33500 Series Function Arbitrary Waveform Generator MODULATION TYPES AND OPERATING MODES CARRIER AM FM PM FSK BPSK PWM Sum Burst Sweep SINE and SQUARE 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 PULSE e e e e e e e e e TRIANGLE and RAMP e e GAUSSIAN NOISE e a PRBS SINGLE ARB b lt b SEQUENCED ARB e a
166. ps press the Start Freq or Stop Freq softkey Then use the knob or numeric keypad to enter the desired frequency Remote Interface Operation SOURce 1 2 FREQuency STARt lt frequency gt MINimum MAXimum SOURce 1 2 FREQuency STOP lt frequency gt MINimum MAXimum 133 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Frequency Sweep Center Frequency and Frequency Span If desired you can set the frequency boundaries of the sweep using a center frequency and frequency span These parameters are similar to the start frequency and stop frequency see the previous page and are included to give you added flexibility Center frequency 1 uHz to 30 MHz limited to 200 kHz for ramps The default is 550 Hz Frequency span 30 Hz to 30 MHz limited to 200 kHz for ramps The default is 900 Hz To sweep up in frequency set a positive frequency span To sweep down in frequency set a negative frequency span For sweeps with Marker Off the Sync signal is a square waveform with a 50 duty cycle The Sync signal is a TTL high at the beginning of the sweep and goes low at the midpoint of the sweep The frequency of the sync waveform is equal to the specified sweep time The signal is output from the front panel Sync connector For sweeps with Marker On the Sync signal is a TTL high at the beginning of the sweep and goes low at the marker frequency The signal is output from the front panel Sync
167. puts a square waveform with a 50 duty cycle from the Trig Out connector at the beginning of the sweep or burst The period of the waveform is equal to the specified sweep time or burst period When the External trigger source is selected the waveform generator automatically disables the trigger out signal The Trig Out connector cannot be used for both operations at the same time an externally triggered waveform uses the same connector to trigger the sweep or burst When the Bus software or manual trigger source is selected the waveform generator outputs a pulse gt 1 us pulse width from the Trig Out connector at the beginning of each sweep or burst Front Panel Operation After enabling sweeps or burst press Trig Out Setup Then select the desired edge by pressing Trig Out Remote Interface Operation OUTPut TRIGger SLOPe POSitive NEGative OUTPut TRIGger OFF ON 155 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Dual Channel Operations 33522A Only Dual Channel Operations 33522A Only This section provides information on topics specific to dual channel operation on the 33522A You enter the dual channel configuration menu by pressing either C1 or 2 and then choosing More followed by Dual Channel YSine OFF 500 Frequency 1 000 000 000kHz a Dual Channel Operation Pha gt Channels Independent Coupling tracking combining OFF Freq Cpl Freq Cpl Ampl Cpl Tracking Combine Done O
168. r strCommand SOURcel DATA SEQ amp strHeader amp strSeqDescriptor With mFio Send command to set the desired configuration WriteString strCommand Call WaitForOPC mFio WriteString SOURcel FUNCtion ARBitrary mySequence WriteString SOURCE1 VOLT 2 WriteString SOURCE1 VOLT OFFSET 0 WriteString OUTPUT1 LOAD 50 WriteString SOURCE1 FUNCtion ARB SRATe 40000 WriteString SOURcel FUNCtion ARB Enable output WriteString OUTPUT1 ON Sleep 1000 End With Text2 SelText Arbitrary Wave Sequence generated on Channell amp vbCrLf Exit Sub MyError Text2 Err Description Resume Next 228 Chapter 4 Application Programs Program Listings End Sub Private Sub Form Load Text2 Text End Sub Private Function WaitForOPC mFio As VisaComLib FormattedI0488 Do Dim strResult As String With mFio WriteString OPC strResult ReadString End With If InStr strResult 1 gt 0 Then Exit Do End If Loop End Function 229 Chapter 4 Application Programs Program Listings Example Two channel Output This program found in the Examples chapter6 PulseWidthMod subdirectory on the CD ROM configures a pulse waveform with duty cycle which is then slowly modulated by a triangle waveform PSU UUY UU Te UY Te UY OY OY UY Oe UY OY UY OY VY UY UY OY UY OY VN OY OY UY VY UY OY VY OY OY UY UY OY VY OY Oe UY UY OY VY OY OY VY UY OY VY OY OY VY OY ve OY OY OY
169. r remote communication using the LAN interface Press and press the I O Config softkey Then press LAN Settings and Modify Settings Finally toggle the first softkey to read DHCP to use DHCP to automatically assign an IP address The DHCP setting is stored in non volatile memory and does not change when power has been off or after a remote interface reset Front panel operation Press and press the I O Config softkey Then press LAN Settings and Modify Settings Finally toggle the first softkey to read DHCP to use DHCP to automatically assign an IP address You can turn DHCP on or off with the command SYSTem COMMunicate LAN DHCP lt state gt Note If you want to set an IP address Subnet Mask or Default Gateway manually you must turn off DHCP Then change the IP setup as described in the following sections 176 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Remote Interface Configuration IP Address LAN You can enter a static IP address for the 33500 Series as a four byte integer expressed in dot notation nnn nnn nnn nnn where nnn in each case is a byte value from 0 to 255 Each byte is expressed as a decimal value with no leading zeros for example 169 254 2 20 If DHCP is on it will attempt to assign an IP address to the instrument If it fails AutoIP will attempt to assign an IP address to the instrument Contact your network administrator for a valid IP address to use for your waveform generator Enter
170. r selecting FM press the Source softkey Remote Interface Operation FM SOURce INTernal EXTernal CH1 CH2 112 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Phase Modulation PM Phase Modulation PM A modulated waveform consists of a carrier waveform and a modulating waveform PM is very similar to FM but in PM the phase of the modulated waveform is varied by the instantaneous voltage of the modulating waveform For more information on the fundamentals of Phase Modulation refer to chapter 5 Tutorial To Select PM Modulation The waveform generator will allow only one modulation mode to be enabled at a time When you enable PM the previous modulation mode is turned off The waveform generator will not allow PM to be enabled when sweep or burst is enabled When you enable PM the sweep or burst mode is turned off Front Panel Operation You must select PM before setting up any of the other modulation parameters Press and then select PM using the Type softkey The PM waveform is output using the present settings for the carrier frequency modulating frequency output amplitude and offset voltage Remote Interface Operation To avoid multiple waveform changes enable PM after you have set up the other modulation parameters PM STATe OFF ON 113 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Phase Modulation PM Carrier Waveform Shape PM carrier shape Sine default Square Pulse PRBS Ramp
171. rogramming language being demonstrated and the tools used to create and debug procedures Agilent support engineers can help explain the functionality of Agilent software components and associated commands but they will not modify these samples to provide added functionality or construct procedures to meet your specific needs All of the sample application programs in this chapter are example programs intended for use with Microsoft Visual Basic 6 0 and Agilent VISA COM To use the IO object in Visual Basic 1 Set the reference to include the libraries in the Project References menu VISA COM requires a COM reference to the VISA COM 3 0 Type library Establish a reference in the menu Project gt References 2 Use a statement such as Dim Fgen As VisaComLib FormattedI0488 to create the formatted IO reference and use Set Fgen New VisaComLib Formatted10488 to create the actual object 215 Chapter 4 Application Programs Program Listings Program Listings Example A Simple Sine Waveform This program found in the Examples chapter6 SimpleSine subdirectory on the CD ROM selects the function as sine and then sets the frequency amplitude and offset of the waveform VOUT UY TOY Te UY Te UY UY UY VY Oe UY VY UY OY VY VY UY OY UY OY VY OY OY UY Oy UY OY VY OY OY VY Oy UY OY VY OY OY VY OY UYU VY OY OY VY UY OY VY OY OY VY UY VOY Ov OY This Simple Sine program enables a simple sine
172. rrows 5 Waveform and Parameter Display Area 13 Manual Trigger Sweep and Burst only 6 Menu Operation Softkeys 14 Sync Connector 7 Waveforms Parameters Units Keys 15 Channel 1 8 Modulate Sweep Burst Keys 16 Channel 2 2 channel instrument only Note To get context sensitive help on any front panel key or menu softkey press and hold down that key The Front Panel Display at a Glance Channel 1 Channel 2 Information Information Sweeping Amplitude 100 000mVpp Offset 0 000 V Phase Not Applicable Waveform Waveform Display Parameters Sweep Time 1 000 000 s Start Freq 100 000 000 Hz Stop Freq 1 000 000 00kHz Sweep or Burst Parameters CH1 Waveform Sine Square Arb Ny a Ar bhor E eee Softkey Labels Ramp Pulse N nS Front Panel Number Entry You can enter numbers from the front panel using one of two methods Use the knob and cursor keys to modify the displayed number 1 Use the keys below the knob to move the cursor left or right 2 Rotate the knob to change a digit clockwise to increase Use the keypad to enter numbers and the softkeys to select units 1 Key in a value using the keypad 2 Select a unit to enter the value 3 Use the key to change the sign of the number 4 The left arrow backspaces and clears the last digit aae eae TE The Rear Panel at a Glance Opt 002 Memory Opt
173. s the Agilent IO Libraries Suite software which must be installed to enable remote interface operations The CD auto starts and provides information on installing the software Refer to the Agilent Technologies USB LAN GPIB Connectivity Guide which is provided on this CD ROM for additional background information Agilent 33500 Series Product Reference CD This CD contains the 33500 Series instrument drivers the complete set of Agilent 33500 Series product manuals and programming examples The CD auto starts and provides a Welcome page with instructions 174 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Remote Interface Configuration GPIB Configuration Each device on the GPIB IEEE 488 interface must have a unique address You can set the waveform generator s address to any value between 0 and 30 The address is set to 10 when the waveform generator is shipped from the factory The GPIB address is displayed at power on The address is stored in non volatile memory and does not change when power has been off or after a remote interface reset Your computer s GPIB interface card has its own address Be sure to avoid using the computer s address for any instrument on the interface bus Front Panel Operation Press custom and then select the I O Config softkey and GPIB Settings From this menu you can set the GPIB address and turn GPIB on or off Remote Interface Operation SYSTem COMMunicate GPIB ADDRess lt
174. set 0 000 V Sweep Time 1 000s Start Freq 50 000 000 Hz Hold Time 0 000s Stop Freq ISTANA Return Time 0 000s Sweep Type Sweep Start Stop Hold amp Off On Linear G Time G Freq Freq Return Note If desired you can press the button and then press the fourth softkey to set the frequency boundaries of the sweep using a center frequency and frequency span These parameters are similar to the start frequency and stop frequency and are included to give you added flexibility To achieve the same results set the center frequency to 2 525 kHz and the frequency span to 4 950 kHz Frequency Amp Offs Ampl As Start Stop Period High Low Vpp Cntr Span To generate a frequency sweep press twice The first press puts the trigger in manual mode and the second one sends a trigger For more information see To Trigger a Sweep or Burst on page 50 46 Chapter 2 Front Panel Menu Operation To Output a Burst Waveform To Output a Burst Waveform You can use the waveform generator to output a waveform with a specified number of cycles called a burst You can control the amount of time that elapses between bursts with the internal timer or the signal level on the rear panel Ext Trig connector For this example you will output a three cycle sine wave with a 20 ms burst period Select the function and amplitude for the burst For burst waveforms you can select sine square ramp pulse arbitrary
175. sired marker frequency Remote Interface Operation SOURce 1 2 MARKer FREQuency lt frequency gt MINimum MAXimum 137 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Frequency Sweep Sweep Trigger Source In the sweep mode the waveform generator outputs a single sweep when a trigger signal is received After one sweep from the start frequency to the stop frequency the waveform generator waits for the next trigger while outputting the start frequency Sweep trigger source Internal default External Time or Manual When the Internal immediate source is selected the waveform generator outputs a continuous sweep at a rate determined by the total of the hold time sweep time and return time The sweep time for this source is limited to 8000 seconds When the External source is selected the waveform generator will accept a hardware trigger applied to the rear panel Ext Trig connector The waveform generator initiates one sweep each time Ext Trig receives a TTL pulse with the specified polarity The trigger period must be greater than or equal to the specified sweep time When the Manual source is selected the waveform generator outputs one sweep each time the front panel key is pressed Front Panel Operation Press reger then the Trigger Setup softkey Press Trg Src and then select the desired source To specify whether the waveform generator triggers on the rising or falling edge of the Ext Trig conne
176. ss OK Notice that the highlighted section now rises in the middle as a result of the haversine addition M1 400 241 8 mV M2 500 435 7 mY 684 00 Marker Add Subtract Multiply Advanced Done 2 Math 3 Now press Multiply and select the Sine wave press OK Set the Cycles to 2 and press OK M1 400 0 Y M2 500 54 077 mY Marker Add Subtract Multiply Advanced Done 2 Math 75 Chapter 2 Front Panel Menu Operation To Set up an Arbitrary Waveform 4 Now set Marker 1 to 200 and Marker 2 to 600 M1 200 870 4 mV M2 600 118 3 mY 1 171 Edit Points gt Math Marker Add Subtract Multiply Advanced Done 1 Math M1 200 118 3 mV M2 600 870 4 mY 1 171 684 Edit Points gt Math 0 Marker Add Subtract Multiply Advanced Done M 2 Math 6 Continue learning about the interface by trying other Advanced Math features such as Invert Absolute Scale and so on Press the Operation Help for details on these features 76 Features and Functions Features and Functions This chapter makes it easy to look up details about a particular feature of the waveform generator It covers both front panel and remote interface operation You may want to read chapter 2 Front Panel Menu Operation first See chapter 4 Remote Interface Reference for a detailed discussion of the syntax of the SCPI comma
177. t 179 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Remote Interface Configuration Domain Name LAN A domain name is a registered name on the Internet which is translated into an IP address Front panel operation There is no way to set the domain name from the front panel There is no SCPI command to set a domain name DNS Server LAN DNS Domain Name Service is an Internet service that translates Domain names into IP addresses The DNS server address is the IP address of a server that performs this service Normally DHCP discovers the DNS address information so you only need to change this if DHCP is not functional or not in use Contact your network administrator to find out whether DNS is being used and for the correct DNS server address Enter the address using the numeric keypad or knob The DNS server address is stored in non volatile memory and does not change when power has been off or after a remote interface reset Front panel operation Press and press the I O Config softkey Then press LAN Settings and Modify Settings Finally toggle the first softkey to read Manual and press More and Primary DNS or Second DNS to enter a DNS address Remote Interface Operation e syYSTem COMMunicate LAN DNS 1 2 lt address gt 180 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Remote Interface Configuration Current Configuration LAN Select the Currently Active Settings display to view the MAC address and
178. t for information on contacting Agilent in your country of specific location You can also contact your Agilent Technologies Representative Safety Symbols NY N10149 1SM1 A ICES NMB 001 Alternating current Frame or chassis terminal Standby supply Unit is not completely disconnected from AC mains when switch is off Caution risk of electric shock Caution refer to accompanying documents Earth ground terminal The CE mark is a registered trademark of the European Community The CSA mark is a registered trademark of the CSA International The C tick mark is a registered trademark of the Spectrum Management Agency of Australia This signifies compliance with the Australian EMC Framework regulations under the terms of the Radio Communications Act of 1992 Contains one or more of the 6 hazardous substances above the maximum concentration value MCV 40 Year EPUP This text indicates that the instrument is an Industrial Scientific and Medical Group 1 Class A product CISPER 11 Clause 4 This text indicates product compliance with the Canadian Interference Causing Equipment Standard ICES 001 User s Guide Publication Number 33520 90001 order as 33520 90000 manual set Edition 3 December 2010 Copyright 2010 Agilent Technologies Inc Agilent 33500 Series 30 MHz Function Arbitrary Waveform Generator Agilent 33500 Series at a Glance The Agilen
179. t Panel Menu Operation This chapter introduces you to the front panel keys and menu operation This chapter does not give a detailed description of every front panel key or menu operation It does however give you an overview of the front panel menus and many front panel operations See chapter 3 Features and Functions starting on page 77 for a complete discussion of the waveform generator s capabilities and operation Front Panel Menu Reference on page 31 To Select the Output Termination on page 35 To Reset the Waveform Generator on page 86 To Output a Modulated Waveform on page 37 To Output an FSK Waveform on page 39 To Output a PWM Waveform on page 41 To Output a Frequency Sweep on page 44 To Output a Burst Waveform on page 47 To Trigger a Sweep or Burst on page 50 To Store the Instrument State on page 51 To Configure the Remote Interface on page 53 To Set up an Arbitrary Waveform on page 61 30 Chapter 2 Front Panel Menu Operation Front Panel Menu Reference Front Panel Menu Reference This section gives an overview of the front panel menus The remainder of this chapter contains examples of using the front panel menus Gvom Select a waveform e Select one of nine waveform types including Sine Square Ramp Pulse Arbitrary Triangle Noise PRBS and DC Ferme Configure parameters for the selected waveform Depending on the waveform you can
180. t Technologies 33500 Series is a 30 MHz synthesized waveform generator with built in arbitrary waveform and pulse capabilities Its combination of bench top and system features makes this waveform generator a versatile solution for your testing requirements now and in the future Convenient bench top features 16 standard waveforms Built in 16 bit 250 MSa s arbitrary waveform capability Precise pulse waveform capabilities with adjustable edge time LCD display provides numeric and graphical views Easy to use knob and numeric keypad Instrument state storage with user defined names Portable ruggedized case with non skid feet Flexible system features Downloadable 1M point or optional 16M point arbitrary waveform memories For details see www agilent com find 33521U www agilent com find 33522U Optional GPIB EEE 488 Standard USB and LAN remote interfaces LXI Class C Compliant SCPI Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments compatibility Note Unless otherwise indicated this manual applies to all Serial Numbers The Front Panel at a Glance xt Agilent 33522A 2 cn 250 uses 30 Mhz O Waveform Generator O Sweeping 100 000mVpp 0 000 V Not Applicable Sweep Time 1 000 000 s Start Freq 100 000 000 Stop Freq _1 000 000 00 Eg ene Pamp CH1 Waveform 1 USB Port 9 System Key 2 On Off Switch 10 Numeric Keypad 3 Channel 1 Summary Tab 11 Knob 4 Channel 2 Summary Tab 12 Cursor Keys A
181. te your own programs and compile them you will need to install the Agilent IO Libraries Suite software You can install this software from the Agilent E2094 Automation Ready CD ROM that is also provided with the 33500 Series You may have previously installed the IO Libraries Suite software that was provided with other Agilent products such as an Agilent GPIB card However you must have Agilent IO Libraries Suite 14 0 or a later version to support the examples that are provided on the Product Reference CD ROM For information on obtaining the Agilent IO Libraries Suite software see www agilent com find iolib Microsoft and Visual BASIC are U S registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation 214 Chapter 4 Application Programs Introduction Once you have installed the appropriate software components see Remote Interface Configuration in chapter 3 for information on configuring your interface The programs listed in this chapter are protected by copyright Copyright 2010 Agilent Technologies Inc You have a royalty free right to use modify reproduce and distribute the Sample Application Files and or any modified version in any way you find useful provided that you agree that Agilent has no warranty obligations or liability for any Sample Application Files Agilent Technologies provides programming examples for illustration only All sample programs assume that you are familiar with the p
182. ternal signal levels produce less deviation Modulation In 5V s 5V OV 5 V Front Panel Operation After enabling PWM press the Source softkey Remote Interface Operation PWM SOURce INTernal EXTernal 126 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Pulse Width Modulation PWM Pulse Waveform Pulse is the only waveform shape supported for PWM Front Panel Operation Press Goto then Pulse Remote Interface Operation FUNCtion PULSe You can also use the APPLy command to select the function frequency amplitude and offset with a single command Pulse Period The range for the pulse period is 33 ns to 1 000 000 s The default is 100 us Front Panel Operation After selecting the pulse function press and the Frequency Period softkey to toggle to the Period setting Then use the knob or numeric keypad to enter the desired pulse period If you use the numeric keypad press a softkey to specify the units Remote Interface Operation FUNCtion PULSe PERiod lt seconds gt MINimum MAXimum 127 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Sum Modulation Sum Sum Modulation Sum In Sum Modulation Sum the modulating signal is added to the carrier waveform A typical use is adding gaussian noise to a carrier signal The waveform generator will accept an internal or external modulation source To Select Sum Modulation The waveform generator allows a modula
183. th from the Trig Out connector at the beginning of each sweep or burst To specify whether the waveform generator triggers on the rising or falling edge of the Ext Trig connector press Cre then the Trig Out Setup softkey Then select the desired edge by pressing the Trig Out softkey Remote Interface Operation OUTPut TRIGger SLOPe POSitive NEGative OUTPut TRIGger OFF ON 139 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Frequency Sweep Frequency List In the frequency list mode the function generator steps through the frequencies contained in a list dwelling on each frequency for a specified period You may also control progress through the list with the trigger system The function generator will not allow the list mode to be enabled at the same time that burst or any modulation mode is enabled When you enable frequency list the burst or modulation mode is turned off Front Panel Operation You must enable list before setting up any of the other list parameters Press sweep the Type then List to begin setting up a list This will open the menu shown below Sine OFF 509 ERR Sample Rate 40 000 000 00kSa s Amplitude 100 0mVpp Offset 0 000 V Samples 250 Arb Name EXP_RISE arb 1 900 000 s Type Dwell View Select J List Tes List List Remote Interface Operation To avoid multiple waveform changes enable the list mode after you have set up its parameters FREQuency MODE LIST LIS
184. ting signal to be added to the carrier as a percentage of the carrier waveform amplitude in resolution of 0 01 The waveform generator will allow Sum modulation to be added to any carrier waveform Front Panel Operation You must enable Sum before setting up any of the other modulation parameters Press Guns then select Square Press and then press Type and Sum At this point you can specify the other modulation parameters Once you have done so press Modulate to turn on modulation Remote Interface Operation To avoid multiple waveform changes enable Sum after you have set up the other modulation parameters SUM STATe OFF ON 128 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Sum Modulation Sum Modulating Waveform Shape The waveform generator will accept an internal or external modulation source for Sum Modulating waveform shape internal source Sine default Square Pulse UpRamp DnRamp Triangle Noise PRBS or Arb waveform Square has 50 duty cycle UpRamp has 100 symmetry wo Triangle has 50 symmetry ee aN DnRamp has 0 symmetry PRBS uses PN7 sequence Front Panel Operation After enabling Sum press the Shape softkey Remote Interface Operation SUM INTernal FUNCtion SINusoid SQUare PULSe RAMP NRAMp TRIangle NOISe PRBS Modulating Waveform Frequency The waveform generator will accept an internal or external modulation source for Sum Modulating frequency internal source 1 uHz to
185. tions Triggering e The trigger source setting is stored in volatile memory the source is set to internal trigger front panel or immediate remote interface when power has been off or after a remote interface reset Provided that the Power On state is set to Factory Front Panel Operation After enabling sweeps or bursts press and select the desired source by pressing the Trg Src softkey Remote Interface Operation TRIGger 1 2 SOURce IMMediat EXTernal TIMer BUS The APPLy command automatically sets the source to Immediate Immediate Triggering In the internal trigger mode the waveform generator continuously outputs the sweep or burst as specified by the sweep time or burst period This is the default trigger source for both front panel and remote interface use Front Panel Operation Press and then press Trg Sre and select Immed Remote Interface Operation TRIGger SOURce IMMediate Manual Triggering In the manual trigger mode front panel only you can manually trigger the waveform generator by pressing the front panel key The waveform generator initiates one sweep or outputs one burst for each time you press the key The key is illuminated when you are in the trigger menu and the waveform generator is waiting for a manual trigger The key blinks when the waveform generator is waiting for a manual trigger but you are not in the trigger menu The key is disabled when the instrument is in remote
186. tions 86 arb waveform limitations 87 front panel selection 13 load limitations 86 dc voltage front panel selection 13 decimal point 171 default settings 211 delete files 168 deviation FM 111 DHCP 58 DHCP On Off 176 digits separator 171 dimensions product 262 display 167 170 brightness 167 170 bulb saver mode 166 displaying message 170 enable disable 170 number format 171 overview 8 DNS server 180 domain name 180 dot notation and IP addresses 60 dual channel operations 156 duty cycle 91 definition 91 frequency limitations 83 91 E edge time pulse 20 101 errors 165 examples programming 213 external gated burst 142 external reference 183 external source AM 106 FM 112 FSK 122 PM 118 126 PWM 131 external timebase 183 external trigger 152 external trigger source 154 155 F file copy 168 delete file rename 168 file management 168 firmware revision 172 FM 107 carrier frequency 109 carrier waveform 108 frequency deviation 111 modulating frequency 110 modulating source 112 modulating waveform 110 frequency burst limitation 83 duty cycle limitations 83 front panel selection 8 function limitations 83 sweep time 130 135 136 frequency coupling 156 frequency deviation FM 111 frequency modulation carrier frequency 109 carrier waveform 108 frequency deviation 111 modulating frequency 110 modulating source 112 modulating waveform 110 frequency sweep 132 center frequency 134 external trigger so
187. to see the points being removed from the waveform M1 220 0 5282 mV Edit Points Point Voltage Insert Remove Advanced Done G Point Point Edit 70 Chapter 2 Front Panel Menu Operation To Set up an Arbitrary Waveform 3 You can also edit points by using a table of voltages Press Advanced Edit and then Edit Via Table Set Point to 200 and then set the Voltage for point 200 to 3 V Use the knob to move between rows and set the Voltage for points 205 and 210 to 3 V Press Done e E 2 3 49309 3 49309 3 00000 3 32870 316690 2 95515 2 69680 Edit Points gt Table 21 Point Voltage Insert Remove G Point Point 4 Notice the three 3 V spikes that you just made in the waveform at points 200 205 and 210 M1 220 0 5282 mV 1 80 Edit Points gt Adv Edit Cut Copy EditVia Perform Paste Table Math 71 Chapter 2 Front Panel Menu Operation To Set up an Arbitrary Waveform 5 Press Cut Copy Paste and set Marker 1 to 150 Then press the first softkey and change the Marker to Marker 2 Set Marker 2 to 300 The range defined by the markers is now highlighted in black M1 150 438 6 mV M2 300 5 V Edit Points gt Edit Selection Marker Cut Copy Paste 2 6 Press Copy then Paste and then At Start Notice that section you copied is now duplicated at the beginning of the waveform M1 150 5 Y M2 300 870 4 mY 1 110 220 330 440 E
188. tput functions For example if you output a 5 Vrms square wave into 50 ohms and then change to the sine wave function the waveform generator will automatically adjust the output amplitude to 3 536 Vrms the upper limit for sine waves in Vrms 84 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Output Configuration You can set the output amplitude in Vpp Vrms or dBm For more information see Output Units on page 88 You cannot specify the output amplitude in dBm if the output termination is currently set to high impedance The units are automatically converted to Vpp For more information see Output Units on page 88 Arbitrary Waveform Limitations For arbitrary waveforms the maximum amplitude will be limited if the waveform data points do not span the full range of the output DAC Digital to Analog Converter For example the built in Sinc waveform does not use the full range of values between 1 and therefore its maximum amplitude is limited to 6 087 Vpp into 50 ohms While changing amplitude you may notice a momentary disruption in the output waveform at certain voltages due to switching of the output attenuators To prevent this disruption in the output you can disable the voltage autoranging feature as described on page 93 You can also set the amplitude and offset voltage by specifying a high level and low level For example if you set the high level to 2 volts and the low level to 3 volts the r
189. triggering timer triggering or manual triggering Internal or automatic triggering is enabled when you turn on the waveform generator In this mode the waveform generator outputs continuously when the sweep or burst mode is selected External triggering uses the rear panel Ext Trig connector to control the sweep or burst The waveform generator initiates one sweep or outputs one burst each time Ext Trig receives a TTL pulse You can select whether the waveform generator triggers on the rising or falling edge of the external trigger signal e Manual triggering initiates one sweep or outputs one burst each time you press on the front panel Continue pressing this key to re trigger the waveform generator e When you are sweeping a list moves the waveform to the next frequency in the list The key is disabled when in remote and when a function other than burst or sweep is currently selected Trigger Source Choices Applies to sweep and burst only You must specify the source from which the waveform generator will accept a trigger Sweep and Burst trigger source Immediate default External Manual or Timer The waveform generator will accept a manual trigger a hardware trigger from the rear panel Ext Trig connector or continuously output sweeps or bursts using an internal trigger You can also trigger bursts based on a timer At power on immediate trigger is selected 150 Chapter 3 Features and Func
190. tring WriteString WriteString WriteString OUTPUT2 LOA 10 KOhm Enable channel 1 output WriteString OUTPUT1 ON Enable channel 2 output WriteString OUTPUT2 ON Sleep 1000 End With Text2 Text Output set on both channels Exit Sub MyError Resume Next End Sub Text2 Text End Sub SOURCE2 SOURCE2 SOURCE2 SOURCE2 SOURCE2 Text2 Err Description Private Sub Form Load FUNCTION SQU FR VO VO VO EQUENCY 20E3 LT UNIT VRMS Gr 2 LT OFFSET 1 D MAX Chapter 4 Application Programs Program Listings Maximum load impedance corresponds to 231 Chapter 4 Application Programs Program Listings Example Sine Burst with Sync This program found in the Examples chapter6 PulseWidthMod subdirectory on the CD ROM configures a pulse waveform with duty cycle which is then slowly modulated by a triangle waveform VOUT TOY TOY TE UY Te UY OY OY UY Oe UY OY VY OY VY UY UY OY UY OY OY VY OY UY OY UNO OY VY OY OY UY VY UY OY VY OY OY VY OY UY OOY VY OY OY VY VY OY VY OOY OY VY OY VY OY VY OY OY OY OY FF HF F HF HF HF E a This Sine Burst With Sync program demonstrates the synchronization of two 33522A instruments A BUS trigger on the first instrument starts an infinite burst of one waveform and an EXTernal trigger on the second instrument starts an infinite burst of a different waveform The first instrument is configured to fire an output trig
191. uence generation algorithm A PRBS is generated by a linear feedback shift register LFSR an example of which is shown below PRBS An LFSR is specified by the number of stages it contains and which stages taps feed the exclusive or XOR gates in its feedback network The PRBS output is taken from the last stage With properly chosen taps an L stage LFSR produces a repetitive PRBS of length 24 1 The clocking frequency of the LFSR determines the bit rate of the PRBS In the 33500 Series you can set L to be 7 9 11 15 20 or 23 resulting in sequences from 127 to 8 388 607 bits in length 242 Chapter 5 Tutorial Modulation Modulation Amplitude Modulation AM The 33500 Series implements two forms of AM The first form is double sideband full carrier DSB FC DSB FC has an ITU designation of A8E and is the type used in AM broadcasting The second form is double sideband suppressed carrier DSSC Many modern communications systems employ DSSC on each of two carriers that have the same frequency but a 90 degree phase difference This is called quadrature amplitude modulation QAM The equation for DSB FC is y t 1 2 1 2 d m t A sin t where m t is the modulating signal A is the carrier amplitude is the carrier frequency of the carrier dis the modulation depth or fraction of the amplitude range is used by the modulation For example a depth setting of 80 varies
192. ultiple waveform changes enable AM after you have set up the other modulation parameters AM STATe OFF ON 102 Carrier Waveform Shape e AM carrier shape Sine default Square Pulse Ramp Triangle Noise PRBS or Arbitrary waveform You cannot use DC as the carrier waveform Chapter 3 Features and Functions Amplitude Modulation AM Front Panel Operation Select any waveform under except DC For arbitrary waveforms press Arb and Arbs and then choose the Select Arb softkey to select the active waveform Remote Interface Operation FUNCtion SINusoid SQUare PULSe RAMP ARB NOISe PRBS You can also use the APPLy command to select the function frequency amplitude and offset with a single command Carrier Frequency The maximum carrier frequency depends on the function selected as shown below The default is 1 kHz for all functions Arbitrary waveform frequency is also set using the FUNCtion ARBitrary SRATe command Function Minimum Frequency Maximum Frequency Sine 1 Hz 30 MHz Square 1 pHz 30 MHz Ramp 1 Hz 200 kHz Pulse 1 Hz 30 MHz PRBS 1 mBPS 50 mBPS Noise BW 1 mHz 30 MHz Arbs 1 uSa sec 250 MSa sec Front Panel Operation To set the carrier frequency press the button then the Frequency softkey Then use the knob or numeric keypad to enter the desired frequency Remote Interface Operation SOURce 1 2 FRI You can also use the AP amplitude and offset w
193. umes Do Not Remove the Instrument Cover Only qualified service trained personal who are aware of the hazards involved should remove instrument covers Always disconnect the power cable and any external circuits before removing the instrument cover Do Not Modify the Instrument Do not install substitute parts or per form any unauthorized modification to the product Return the product to an Agilent Sales and Service Office for service and repair to ensure that safety features are maintained In Case of Damage Instruments that appear damaged or defective should be made inoperative and secured against unintended opera tion until they can be repaired by quali fied service personnel CAUTION Unless otherwise noted in the specifica tions this instrument or system is intended for indoor use in an installa tion category II pollution degree 2 environment per IEC 61010 1 and 664 respectively It is designed to operate at a maximum relative humidity of 20 to 80 at 40 C or less non condens ing This instrument or system is designed to operate at altitudes up to 2000 meters and at temperatures between 0 C and 55 C Technical Support If you have questions about your shipment or if you need information about warranty service or technical support contact Agilent Technologies In the United States 800 829 4444 In Europe 31 20 547 2111 In Japan 0120 421 345 Or go to www agilent com find assis
194. urce 154 frequency span 134 front panel operation 41 44 linear vs logarithmic 130 135 136 marker frequency 137 spacing 130 135 136 start frequency 133 stop frequency 133 Sync signal 133 trigger out signal 139 trigger output 155 trigger source 138 frequency sweeps Sync signal 134 frequency shift keying See FSK 39 see FSK front panel connectors 7 display overview 8 number entry 9 overview 7 front panel display enable disable 170 number format 171 front panel configuration LAN 55 front panel menu operation 29 front panel selection 10 FSK 119 front panel operation 39 FSK rate 40 121 hop frequency 39 121 modulating source 122 rate 122 FSK rate 40 122 function allowed with modulation 80 amplitude limitations 81 frequency limitations 81 G gated burst 142 247 gateway address 178 GPIB address 53 174 175 configuration 53 connector 10 default address 53 front panel configuration 53 setting address 53 GPIB configuration 53 174 H handle changing positions 7 help system 23 high impedance load 89 high level setting 15 high Z load 35 89 hold time 136 hop frequency 39 hop frequency FSK 121 host name 179 I IEEE 488 address 53 174 connector 10 default address 53 front panel configuration 53 setting address 53 impedance effect on amplitude 89 impedance load 35 instrument errors 165 instrument overview 6 instrument reset 36 instrument self test 167 170 instrument specifications 255 instrument state
195. urve The waveform function y sin x x The derivative of the Lorentz function The Lorentz function is y 1 x 1 The D Lorentz function therefore is y 2x x 1 An exponential decay y e KX An exponential rise y 1 e The haversine function y 1 cos x 2 191 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Embedded Waveform Editor When you select a waveform the instrument displays a screen that allows you to specify the waveform s parameters These parameters include Amplitude The height of the waveform peak above 0 V when the waveform has 0 offset Specified in Volts from 10 uV to 10 V default 1 Offset The distance that the entire waveform is shifted up positive value or down negative value relative to 0 V Specified in Volts from 10 to 10 default 0 The Amplitude plus the Offset must be between 10 V and 10 V Phase The number of degrees that the waveform is advanced positive value or retarded negative value from 0 degrees Specified in degrees from 360 to 360 default 0 Cycles The number of complete output cycles that the waveform includes Specified as a positive integer and limited by the fact that each cycle must have at least 8 points Points The number of points that the waveform includes Specified as an integer from 8 to 1 000 000 default 100 Option 002 supports up to 16 000 000 points Because a cycle must have at least 8 wa
196. us trigger source send the following command TRIGger SOURce BUS To trigger the waveform generator from the remote interface GPIB USB or LAN when the Bus source selected send the TRIG or TRG trigger command The front panel key is illuminated when the waveform generator is waiting for a bus trigger Timer Triggering The timer trigger mode issues triggers a fixed period apart To select the bus trigger source send the following command TRIGger SOURce TIM 153 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Triggering Trigger Input Signal Trig In Out INPUT FSK Burst 25 to 5 Me N gt 100ns ov Rising edge shown This rear panel connector is used in the following modes Triggered Sweep Mode To select the external source press the Trigger Setup softkey and then select the Source Ext softkey or execute the TRIG SOUR EXT command from the remote interface sweep must be enabled When the rising or falling edge you specify which edge of a TTL pulse is received on the Ext Trig connector the waveform generator outputs a single sweep Externally Modulated FSK Mode To enable the externally modulated mode press the Source softkey from the front panel or execute the FSK SOUR EXT command from the remote interface FSK must be enabled When a logic low level is present the carrier frequency is output When a logic high level is present the hop frequency is output The maximum external FSK rate is 100 kHz
197. using the keypad you will need to select the V unit softkey to enter the value Frequency _1 200 000 000MHz High Level x Low Level 1 525 V Phase 0 00 4 Press the Low Level softkey and set the value Again use the numeric keypad or the knob to enter a value of 0 0 V Frequency 1 200 000 000MHz High Level 1 000 Low Level KME Phase 0 00 These settings high level 1 0 V and low level 0 0 V are equivalent to setting an amplitude of 1 0 Vpp and an offset of 500 mV 16 Chapter 1 Quick Start To Output a DC Voltage To Output a DC Voltage You can specify a constant DC voltage to be output 1 Press and then select More and DC The Offset value becomes selected Offset 75 CH1 DC Parameters Offset 2 Enter the desired voltage level as an Offset Enter 1 0 with the numeric keypad or knob and then press the V softkey if you used the keypad You can enter any DC voltage from 5 V to 5 V into 50 Q or 10 V to 10 V into a high impedance load 17 Chapter 1 Quick Start To Set the Duty Cycle of a Square Wave To Set the Duty Cycle of a Square Wave At power on the duty cycle for square waves is 50 The duty cycle is limited by the minimum pulse width specification of 16 ns The following steps show you how to change the duty cycle to 75 Select the square wave function Press the key and choose Square Press the Duty Cycle softkey The displayed duty
198. veform is modulated with an external waveform The modulation depth is controlled by the 5 V signal level present on the rear panel Modulation In connector For example if you have set the modulation depth to 100 then when the modulating signal is at 5 volts the output will be at the maximum amplitude When the modulating signal is at 5 volts then the output will be at the minimum amplitude The external modulation input has 3 dB bandwidth of 100 kHz Modulation In 5V Re Se 5V OV 5 V Front Panel Operation After enabling AM press the Source softkey Remote Interface Operation AM SOURce INTernal EXTernal CH1 CH2 106 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Frequency Modulation FM Frequency Modulation FM A modulated waveform consists of a carrier waveform and a modulating waveform In FM the frequency of the carrier is varied by the instantaneous voltage of the modulating waveform For more information on the fundamentals of Frequency Modulation refer to chapter 5 Tutorial To Select FM Modulation The waveform generator will allow only one modulation mode to be enabled at a time When you enable FM the previous modulation mode is turned off The waveform generator will not allow FM to be enabled when sweep or burst is enabled When you enable FM the sweep or burst mode is turned off Front Panel Operation You must select FM before setting up any of the oth
199. veform points the number of points divided by the number of cycles must be greater than or equal to 8 Half Width D Lorentz only A value that controls the waveform width larger values make wider curves Specified as an integer from 1 to the total number of data points in one cycle default 10 Fall Factor Expo Fall only A number that controls how fast the waveform falls Specified as a decimal number from 99 to 99 default 5 Rise Factor Expo Rise only A number that controls how fast the waveform rises Specified as a decimal number from 99 to 99 default 5 192 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Embedded Waveform Editor Full Width Gaussian only The width of the gaussian bell curve between the points on the curve that are exactly one half the bell curve s height also called full width half maximum Specified as an integer from 1 to the number of data points in one cycle default 10 Symmetry Ramp only The percentage of time per cycle period that the ramp is rising Specified as a decimal number from 0 to 100 default 100 Zero Crossing The number of times the waveform crosses the Sinc only horizontal axis on one side of the waveform Specified as an integer from 0 to 100 default 10 Duty Cycle The percentage of the time per cycle period that the Square only waveform voltage is high Specified as a percentage from 0 to 100 default 50
200. veforms Start the embedded waveform editor by pressing and Arb then Arbs Press Edit New accept the default file name and then Start Editor You now have a 0 VDC waveform of exactly 8 points M1 1 0 V Insert Built In 61 Chapter 2 Front Panel Menu Operation To Set up an Arbitrary Waveform 2 Press Insert Built in then Choose Wave Use the knob or the arrows below the knob to select D Lorentz and press OK Use the keypad and the V softkey that appears when you start typing on the keypad to set the Amplitude to 2 V then press OK The waveform now has 108 points as the D Lorentz waveform of 100 points was inserted in front of the initial 8 points M1 1 0 0745 mV 3 Suppose that you want to undo the change that you just made Press sem then the Undo softkey You are now back to the original 8 point 0 V waveform M1 1 0 V Undo Redo Pan Zoom Help Done Control t 62 Chapter 2 Front Panel Menu Operation To Set up an Arbitrary Waveform 4 To put the D Lorentz waveform back press Redo Then press Done to exit M1 1 0 0745 mY Undo Redo Pan Zoom Help Done Control t 5 Now we will insert a sine wave Begin by pressing Choose Wave Make sure Sine the default is highlighted and press OK For help in understanding the various parameters on the screen press Parameter Help Then press Done to exit the help screen Parameters OOO Dvo i a DT psec at IMSa s
201. vernment prime contract or subcontract Software is delivered and licensed as Commercial computer software as defined in DFAR 252 227 7014 June 1995 or as a commercial item as defined in FAR 2 101 a or as Restricted computer software as defined in FAR 52 227 19 June 1987 or any equivalent agency regulation or contract clause Use duplication or disclosure of Software is subject to Agilent Technologies stan dard commercial license terms and non DOD Departments and Agencies of the U S Government will receive no greater than Restricted Rights as defined in FAR 52 227 19 c 1 2 June 1987 U S Government users will receive no greater than Limited Rights as defined in FAR 52 227 14 June 1987 or DFAR 252 227 7015 b 2 November 1995 as applicable in any technical data Safety Notices CAUTION A CAUTION notice denotes a hazard It calls attention to an operating proce dure practice or the like that if not correctly performed or adhered to could result in damage to the product or loss of important data Do not proceed beyond a CAUTION notice until the indicated conditions are fully under stood and met A WARNING notice denotes a haz ard It calls attention to an operating procedure practice or the like that if not correctly performed or adhered to could result in personal injury or death Do not proceed beyond a WARNING notice until the indicated conditions are fully under stood and
202. volatile memory and does not change when power has been off or after a remote interface reset Front panel operation Press and press the I O Config softkey Then press LAN Settings and Modify Settings Finally toggle the first softkey to read Manual and press More and Gateway to enter a new gateway Then set the appropriate gateway address e Remote Interface Operation SYSTem COMMunicate LAN GATeway lt address gt 178 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Remote Interface Configuration Host Name LAN A host name is the host portion of the domain name which is translated into an IP address The instrument is assigned a unique hostname at the factory but you may wish to change that name However the name must be unique on the LAN Enter the host name using the knob and cursor keys Each character in the name can be an upper or lower case letter a numeric digit or a dash Use the knob to select each character Use the cursor key to move to the next character You can use the keypad for numbers but the host name cannot start with a number The host name is stored in non volatile memory and does not change when power has been off or after a remote interface reset Front panel operation Press and press the I O Config softkey Then press LAN Settings and Modify Settings Finally press Host Name to enter a new host name Remote Interface Operation SYSTem COMMunicate LAN HOSTname lt name g
203. wave output on channel 1 of a 33500 Series instrument with the following signal characteristics Wave Shape Sine Frequency 1000 Hz Amplitude 2 Volt Peak to Peak Offset 0 Volt Output Impedence 50 Ohm Channell Output Enabled DUCT TOY TOY TE UY Te UY OY UY UY OY UY OY UY OOY OY OY UY OY UY OOY VY UY OY UY OY UY OY VY OY OY UY OY UY OY VY OY OY UY OY UY OY VY OY OY VY OY UY OY VY OY OY VY VY vey OY OY OY OY OY Private Sub Command1 Click Dim io_mgr As VisaComLib ResourceManager Dim mfIo As VisaComLib Formatted1I0488 Set io_mgr New AgilentRMLib SRMCl1s Set mfIo New Formatted10488 Set mfIo IO io mgr Open Textl Text NO LOCK 2000 On Error GoTo MyError This program sets up a waveform by selecting the waveshape and adjusting the frequency amplitude and offset 216 Chapter 4 Application Programs Program Listings With mfIo Clear and reset instrument sWriteString CLS WriteString RST Sleep 1000 Send commands to set the desired configuration WriteString SOURCE1 FUNCTION SIN WriteString SOURCE1 FREQUENCY 1000 WriteString SOURCE1 VOLT UNIT VPP WriteString SOURCE1 VOLT 2 WriteString SOURCE1 VOLT OFFSET 0 WriteString OUTPUT1 LOAD 50 Enable output WriteString OUTPUT1 ON Sleep 1000 End With Text2 Text Sine Wave output set on Channell Exit Sub MyError Text2 Err Description Resume Next End Sub Private Sub Form Load Text2 Te
204. wn below Note that the combined signal has three voltage levels 150 mV 50 mV and 50 mV This is a result of the following combinations CH1 50 mV 50 mV DC Offset plus CH2 50 mV signal 150 mV CH1 50 mV 50 mV DC Offset plus CH2 50 mV signal 50 mV CH1 50 mV 50 mV DC Offset plus CH2 50 mV signal 50 mV CH1 50 mV 50 mV DC Offset plus CH2 50 mV signal 50 mV 160 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Dual Channel Operations 33522A Only You may also use the Combine feature with bursts For example consider the image below which includes a 1 kHz sine wave on channel 1 and three cycle bursts of a 14 kHz sine wave on channel 2 When these signals are combine on channel 1 the result is a simple amplitude addition of the two signals as shown below 161 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Dual Channel Operations 33522A Only You also can combine the signals on channel 2 as shown below 162 Chapter 3 Features and Functions System Related Operations System Related Operations This section gives information on topics such as instrument state storage power down recall error conditions self test and front panel display control This information is not directly related to waveform generation but is an important part of operating the waveform generator Instrument State Storage There are two ways you can store and retrieve instrument states in the Agilent 33500 Series One wa
205. xt End Sub End Sub 217 Chapter 4 Application Programs Program Listings Example Amplitude Modulation This program found in the Examples chapter6 AMLowLevel subdirectory on the CD ROM configures a waveform with amplitude modulation using lower level SCPI commands It also shows how to use the SAV command to store the instrument configuration in the waveform generator s internal memory POTTY TOUT UY Te UY UY UY UY Oe UY OY UY OY OY VY Pe UY VY UY OY VY UY OY UY OY UY OY VY OY OY UY OY UY OY VY OY OY UY VY OY VY OY OY VY OY OY VY OY OY VY OY vey VY OY Ov OY This Amplitude Modulation program enables an Amplitude modulation output on channel 1 of the 33500 Series instrument with the following signal characteristics Carrier Frequency Sine wave 1 Mhz 5 VPP Amplitude Modulated carrier with Double Sideband Suppressed Carrier Modulating Frequency Sine Wave 1 KHz AM Depth 100 POUT Ue Ue Te UY We OY UY Te UY Oy UY OY UY OY VY OY UY OY WY OY OY UY OY UY OY VY OY OY UY OY UYU OY OY OY UY OY UY OY VY OY OY UY OY UY OY VY OY OY UY VY ve OY VY OY OY ve OY ve OY Private Sub Command1 Click Dim io_mgr As VisaComLib ResourceManager Dim mfIo As VisaComLib Formatted1I0488 Set io_mgr New AgilentRMLib SRMCI1s Set mfIo New Formatted10488 Set mfIo IO io mgr Open Textl Text NO LOCK 2000 On Error GoTo MyError This program sets up a waveform by selecting the waveshape and adjusting the frequen
206. y and does not change when power has been off or after a remote interface reset Front Panel Operation Press and Calibrate Remote Interface Operation To store the calibration message send the following command including any desired string within quotation marks CAL STR Cal Due 01 August 2011 189 Chapter 3 Features and Functions Embedded Waveform Editor Embedded Waveform Editor The Agilent 33500 Series includes an embedded waveform editor that allows you to create and edit arbitrary waveforms You can create these waveforms by editing voltage values directly or by using any combination of up to 12 different kinds of standard waveforms The embedded waveform editor is described in the following sections Standard Waveforms on page 190 Basic Waveform Editing on page 194 Advanced Edit on page 198 Advanced Math on page 202 Utility Menu on page 209 Standard Waveforms The embedded waveform editor includes the following 12 waveforms Sine A basic sine wave y sin x A basic square wave that switches between two voltage levels Square falling voltage Line Line segment Ramp lt l gt A waveform with linearly rising or 190 DC Noise Gaussian Sinc D Lorentz Expo Fall Expo Rise Haversine Chapter 3 Features and Functions Embedded Waveform Editor A simple DC voltage Random noise A waveform representing a gaussian bell c
207. y is to use named state files using either the front panel or the SCPI commands MMEMory STORe STATe and MMEMory LOAD STATe The second way is to save states to memory locations 1 through 4 with SAV to retrieve states from these locations with RCL Ifyou choose to use SAV and RCL you can use the special storage location 0 to store a fifth instrument state you cannot store to this location from the front panel However note that location 0 is automatically overwritten when power is cycled the instrument state previously stored will be overwritten Regardless of which method you use the state storage feature remembers the selected function including arbitrary waveforms frequency amplitude DC offset duty cycle symmetry as well as any modulation parameters in use When power is turned off the function generator automatically stores its state in the special storage location 0 You can configure the function generator to automatically recall the power down state when power is restored However when shipped from the factory the function generator is configured to automatically recall the factory default state at power on 163 Chapter 3 Features and Functions System Related Operations If you delete an arbitrary waveform from non volatile memory after storing the instrument state the waveform data is lost and the function generator will not output the waveform when the state is
208. y on the CD ROM configures a pulse waveform with duty cycle which is then slowly modulated by a triangle waveform VOUT UTD OY TOY Te UY Oe UY OY UY OY OY UY Oe UY OY UY OY VY OY UY OY UY OY VY OY OY UY OY UY OY VY OY OY UY OY Vey VY OY OY UY OY VY OY OY OY OY VY vey WYO OY VY OY vey VY OY Ov OY This Arb Sequence program demonstrates how to define an Arb Sequence consisting of one or more different arbitrary waveform segments and play it back using the following configuration Wave Shape Arb Sequence Frequency 40 KSa Sec Amplitude 2 Volt Peak to Peak Offset 0 Volt Output Impedance 50 Ohm Channell Output Enabled Caution This program will erase all unsaved data in volatile memory If necessary save that information before running this example program PUTT TT UY TOY TE UY Te UY UY UW OY UY Oe UY OY UY OOY VY UY UY VY UN OY WY UY OY UY VY UY OY OY OY OY UY OY UY OOY VN VY OY VY VY VY OY VY OY OY VY VY OY VY OY OY VY VY OY VY OY WY OY OY Private Sub Command1 Click Dim io mgr As VisaComLib ResourceManager Dim mFio As VisaComLib Formatted10488 Set io_mgr New AgilentRMLib SRMC1s Set mFio New Formatted10488 Set mFio IO io mgr Open Textl Text NO LOCK 2000 Dim Waveform As String Dim I As Integer Dim DataStr As String ReDim Waveform 1 To 4000 Dim strSeqDescriptor As String Dim strHeader As String Dim strCommand As String On Error GoTo MyError Compute waveform Text2 Text With mFio Clear
209. y that corresponds to the desired units When you select the units the waveform generator outputs the waveform with the displayed amplitude if the output is enabled For this example press mVpp Amplitude OUD Note You can also enter the desired value using the knob and cursor keys If you do so you do not need to use a units softkey 11 Chapter 1 Quick Start To Set the Output Amplitude You can easily convert the displayed amplitude from one unit to another Simply press unis and then press the Ampl As softkey and select the desired units Frequency Amp Offs Ampl As Period High Low Vpp Vpp Vrms dBm 12 Chapter 1 Quick Start To Set a DC Offset Voltage To Set a DC Offset Voltage At power on the waveform generator outputs a sine wave with a DC offset of 0 volts into a 50Q termination The following steps show you how to change the offset to 1 5 VDC 1 Press Garamon followed by the Offset softkey The displayed offset voltage is either the power on value or the offset previously selected When you change functions the same offset is used if the present value is valid for the new function Frequency 1 200 000 000MHz Amplitude 50 00mVpp Offset OA Phase 0 00 Frequency Amplitude Die Phase 2 Enter the magnitude of the desired offset Using the numeric keypad enter the value 1 5 Frequency 1 200 000 000MHz Amplitude 50 00mVpp Offset Phase 0
210. ystem 2 View the list of help topics Press the button and then press Help to view the list of available help topics To scroll through the list press the and 4 softkeys or use the knob Select the topic Get HELP on any key and then press Select Highlight a topic and press SELECT 1 View the last message displayed 2 View remote command error queue 3 Get HELP on any key 4 Agilent Technical Support 4 Select Cancel Press Done to exit Help 24 Chapter 1 Quick Start To Use the Built In Help System 3 View the help information for displayed messages Whenever a limit is exceeded or any other invalid configuration is found the waveform generator will display a message The built in help system provides additional information on the most recent message Press the button and then press Help Then select the topic View the last message displayed and press Select Error generated by remote interface To view the error queue of up to 20 errors press System then Help and select Topic 2 Errors are cleared as you read them For a complete error code list see the 33500 Series Programmer s Reference Help Press Done to exit Help Local Language Help The built in help system is available in Chinese French German Japanese and Korean All messages context sensitive help and help topics appear in the selected language The menu softkey labels and status line messages are not translated
211. ystem gt 1 0 LAN LAN LAN USB Off On jSettings Reset Settings 55 Chapter 2 Front Panel Menu Operation To Configure the Remote Interface 2 Select the LAN Settings menu Press the LAN Settings softkey EEA DHCP MAC Address IP Address RAS Gateway 0 0 0 0 Subnet Mask 255 255 0 0 DNS Prim Addr 0 0 0 0 DNS Sec Addr 0 0 0 0 WINS Prim Addr 0 0 0 0 WINS Sec Addr 0 0 0 0 DNS Hostname A 000000 00000 mDNS Service mDNS Hostname Domain Name Modify LAN Set to Settings Services Defaults You can select Modify Settings to change the LAN settings or you can turn LAN Services on and off or restore the LAN settings to default values 56 Chapter 2 Front Panel Menu Operation To Configure the Remote Interface 3 Press Modify Settings ETC Me DHCP MAC Address IP Address RH Gateway 0 0 0 0 Subnet Mask 255 255 0 0 DNS Prim Addr 0 0 0 0 DNS Sec Addr 0 0 0 0 WINS Prim Addr 0 0 0 0 WINS Sec Addr 0 0 0 0 DNS Hostname A mDNS Service mDNS Hostname Domain Name Manual Host Service DHCP Name c mDNS To access most items on this screen you must use the first softkey to switch from DHCP to Manual With DHCP on an IP address will automatically be set by DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol when you connect the instrument to the network provided the DHCP server is found and is able to do so DHCP also automatically deals with the subnet mask and gateway address if required This

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