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1. Graphics When you start MetWinII you will find yourself in MetWinlI Graphics The other modules of MetWinll are accessed from this module With this module you can display the data of your weather station and the results of the disease prognosis and the evapotranspiration calculation as a graph and or as a table 3 1 Graphics The screen elements aps lt E elem esa v D Dale Hardin Versuc a C3Et Station E Germuth Lackner Mauthner Greith Bistationssensore For ease of use all the main screens of MetWinll are set up using the same format On the first line of the program window you will find the user menu with which you can operate the program 3 1 1 Under neath you will find a tool bar with various icons 3 1 2 that will put the most important functions of MetWinll at your disposal by just clicking on it On the left side the weather stations are displayed in an Explorer by means of a tree structure similar to Win dows Explorer 3 1 3 Use a double click to open a weather station and the sensors of the selected weather station will be listed E Pero Prim rinf 204 5 Doo n 25 ug 00 00 26 ug 00 00 27 ug 00 DATETIME j Airttemp RelHum Brightness LeafWetness 28 08 98 15 36 00 1426 66 bright 28 08 98 15 48 00 13 54 64 bright dry dry 23 08 98 16 00 00 1320 bright dry dry dry
2. 24 24 LAT This Model can be used to estimate the spry interval Disease pressure since the last spray can be assessed by accumulating the FRY Blight Units since the last spray spray is indicated if the last spray is longer than 6 days away and in susceptible varieties 30 in moderate susceptible varieties 35 and in moderate resistant varieties 40 FRY Blight Units has been accumulated To accumulate FRY Blight Units you can use the Late Blight Accumulated Infection window This can be opened from the MetWin Explorer if potato or tomato is selected 9 5 Potato Late Blight presentation by MetWin II MetWin II shows you the results of the pa different disease models a graphs You pn can print this graphs or copy it into clip Inf suscept varie board to use it for your own documents K S HHEH HEDE 40 Inf mod resisten n m Phyt First The graph starts from below with to m Phyt Severe x 3 Phyt Negative qualitative lines indicating whether 12 un 00 00 13 un 00 00 SCHRODTER and ULLRICH Phytoph tora Negative Prognosis has exceeded the thresholds Phyt first is indicated when the Negative Prognosis shows more than 150 points or 3790 Phyt severe is shown when the Negative Prognosis results more than 270 points or 67 96 Next a block with progress lines going from 0 to 100 is displayed The steady increasing line in this graph is SCHRODTER and ULLRICH Ph
3. program along with MetWinll Password Register Target directory Start the program Met 1 0 Import from the program manager or the start bar Windows 95 Register If you press this key the Met Winll station management 5 opens and you can select the weather station where the data should be added to or you can register a new weather station Convert With this key you start converting the data End With this key the program is ended onyen data file format End Pessl Instruments Ges m b H Operators manual
4. 1 1 MetWinll the Registration Card BN Address 1 Werksweg 107 aie Address 2 hrs The first time you start up MetWinll the program will PRAET Bs arez Nod S ask you to fill out the registration card The registra Telephone p31725521 Fax 03172552123 PesslQComputechaus at 1 Email Oo tion card requires the input of your name your mailing ee address your telephone and fax number and your e TE M cancel mail address In addition to that the program needs to 7 M2021 Network up S Confim know which program version and which prognosis K M30202 Server more than 10 nes module you want to use While the cost of the basic Ew MetWinll program is included in the purchase of your G M8035 Irrimet Lite Metos weather station there are additional charges for various network options and for various disease prog nosis modules You may select only those additional features you purchased from your local Metos dealer or purchase additional features at the time you send in your completed registration card You may pur chase additional features at any time Please send the completed registration card to PESSL Instruments Ltd by fax or by mail You will be sent a registration number that activates the features you purchased Important Only the prognosis modules which are registered on the registration card will function They will be automatically calculated each time
5. Curative Preventive Spray program In an area where Metalaxyl is still working we could save the spray on June 12 and use a combination product on June 25 to cover all the infections before and fol lowing that date 9 2 Phytophtora Negative Prognosis SCHRODTER and ULLRICH This Negative Prognosis model uses measurements of temperature relative humidity and rainfall to predict when late blight Phytophthora infestans epidemics are not likely to occur It has been used in Pessl Instruments Ges m b H Operators manual 3l Germany to predict the timing of the first treatment Daily and accumulated risk values over a week are calculated starting at crop emergence Multiplica Number of hours PEDO alee are RH or Precipitation RR a or other condi Only count hours that co occur with 4 or more onsecutive hours at RH gt 90 or rain gt 0 1 4 0 enis Ply count hous that with 10 or mor psec hours st RH gt 90 or rin 0 9105 8 0 19 9 Ls 0 1639 150 199 9 m en not consider RH or rain add 7 5479 to the 0 0468 To calculate risk values count m nier m iur d that the average temperature falls vus the tem perature range in the second column and the conditions of relative humidity or rainfall indicated in the third column Since there are 14 rows in the table there should be 14 values of h some of which may be zero Then multiply each of these 14 h values by the co
6. Number Enter the telephone number of the weather station Telephone RPS960 Codes Select this box if your weather station has a radio modem type RPS960 that in turn is connected to a telephone modem Radio Address Enter the radio address of the radio modem connected to your weather station 5 4 MetWinII Weather Station Management Extension On this page of the weather station registration settings are made concerning communications between MetWinll and the weather data server or the creation of a test file during a communication with the weather station 5 41 Weather Station Management Extension the Screen Elements Target Device Determine whether the target device is a weather station METOS or a weather data server data server User ID Insert your user name when calling up weather data from the weather data server Password Insert your password when calling up weather data from the weather data server Server Address Insert your server address when calling up weather data from the weather data server Data Path The transmission of weather data from a weather data server to your PC allows you to receive messages in addition to weather data Establish a directory to which the files with the transmitted messages should be saved aid Data Path This button allows other directories to be chosen for saving messages Service Determine if you want to create a test file during the communication with a weather station and wher
7. SCREEN ELEMENTS e eee ee esee sena een eo soto se stans seta sepas seen renee 11 THEMEICOM aestatem eiut tas uitiis 11 4 1 2 THE METCOM TOOL BAR ccsccsscssssssosscsscensensesscnscnaceneestonssesscaeeseessesscsacuessscnscnsceaceneenecnacens 12 4 13 METCOM EXPLORER e lente Ure te rs 13 4 1 4 THE METCOM EXPLORER CONTEXT MENU trennen nennen nettes tenen eene 13 4 1 5 METCOM STATION trennen 13 4 1 6 THE METCOM ANNOUNCEMENT WINDOW eee 14 4 1 7 METCOM STATUS INFORMATION cccsscessesseescescessesseeesessesscasesessssesscsacessesscsscnacessesssesseasensens 14 4 1 8 METCOM METOS INITIALIZATION e 14 4 1 9 METCOM LOGBOOK etel ee ete ted e te te ese eee BE 16 ALMICDWINILAOWEAILLHELBR 51 METWINII WEATHER STATION MANAGEMENT THE SCREEN ELEMENTS ccccscsssccesssecses 17 5 2 WEATHER STATION ADMINISTRATION STATION sese sss eese eee essen noaoono ennenen 17 52 1 METWINII WEATHER STATION MANAGEMENT CHANGE COMMUNICATION CHANNEL 18 53 METWINII WEATHER STATION MANAGEMENT CONNECTION 1 1 18 5 3 1 METWINII WEATHER STATION MANAGEMENT CONNECTION THE SCREEN ELEMENTS 18 54 METWINII WEATHER STATION MANAGEMENT EXTENSION sss sss esee esse essen onenn nenen 19 5 4 1 METWINII WEATHER STATI
8. buds and also as Cleistothecia on the bark of the vines The over wintering of the mycelia in dormant buds is found over many years in the cooler European viniculture areas It oc curs if a very early infection of Powdery Mildew happened in the previous year The new buds can be inhabited by the fungus up to and including flowering The infested buds usually sprout later in spring than the healthy ones and turn into the dreaded flag shoots The flag shoots are very early strong sources for Conidia spores of Uncinula necator The Cleistothecia are usually developed on the strongly in fected leaves and grape stems in late summer and early fall Mature Cleistothecia are approximately a tenth of amm in size They change colour during the maturity from a light yellow to brown and then to black No model is available at the moment for the appearance of flag shoots It seems however that the in fected buds die if the winter has longer periods with temperatures under 15 C Unfortunately many healthy buds of the vines are also killed by frost in these conditions If you can operate your weather sta tion in winter you can use the degree days degree hours module 3 1 8 of MetWinlII graphic to calculate the number of days with an average temperature below 15 C If the given negative degree days total is higher than 10 there is no danger of flag shoots It is much more difficult to predetermine the period of time when the flag shoots will occur The c
9. closes the list of available data sets If the weather station is closed all of the graphs and tables belonging to the weather station are also closed A double click on a data set opens the graph and the table associated with that data set The Explorer Context Menu puts the most important weather station specific functions of MetWinll graphic at your disposal by simply clicking the right mouse button anywhere within the Graphic Explorer frame Sensor groups In MetWinlI Graphic Explorer you will find the sensors for the graph and the table repre sentation grouped in three ways 1 All sensors of the weather station Station sensors 2 All sensors relevant for plant disease Disease sensors Temperature at 2m height Relative Humidity at 2 m height Precipitation Leaf wetness Daylength 3 sensors relevant for evapotranspiration ET Sensors Temperature at 2 m height Relative Humidity at 2 m height Wind speed Solar radiation Precipitation Please note The pull down menu items File Display Graphic File Display Table and the buttons Display Graphic and Display Table always refer to the sensors and sensor groups selected in the Pessl Instruments Ges m b H Operators manual Explorer The pull down menu items Metos Read Data and the button Read Data always refer to the weather station selected in MetWinII Graphic Explorer 3 1 4 The Explorer Context Menu The Explorer Context Menu can be called up by c
10. form The form consists of three parts 1 Settings First choose crap for which evapo transpiration will be assessed Next select ap proximate crop stage using the rectangular cursor on the graph of crop coefficient The crap caefti cientthat is shown in the small picture increases with leaf coverage Drag the cursor to a position which approximates the current canopy percentage The crap caefficient in the bottom left hand cor ner of the picture will change as you move the cursor Next estimate effectiveness of rainfall in terms of soil infiltration Rain effectiveness is influenced by slope soil coverage and soil structure Rain effectiveness can be selected within a range from 5590 to 9590 Choose the calculation interval for which evapotranspiration and water deficit will be assessed and calculate the values by clicking the mouse on the calculate button The results can be copied into a grid by clicking accept Repeat this sequence for each crop for which you wish to obtain an estimated deficit Then click on Results and you can view a table of the results by crop This table can be printed or copied into a clipboard The commands for printing and copying can be assessed from the context menu by right clicking the mouse on the table The estimated water deficit is a rough estimate of the depth of water over the entire field area which needs to be replaced with irrigation This is the netizigatian amount and the gr
11. has been fulfilled Smith periods indi cate periods favourable for Potato Late Blight but do not necessarily indicate an infection has occurred Sprays can be saved in certain areas or in years with low to medium disease pressure by using Smith peri ods to assess disease pressure in the last couple of days and the weather forecast to assess the disease risk for the next couple of days For example if the last period s with disease pressure were covered by spray and the weather forecast predicts warm and dry weather the next spray can be applied only after the Smith period model results have shown a period of disease pressure Preventive spray program In Styria during June and July Smith Periods in Styria June and July 1998 1998 we had a Smith period on June 1 wide line If this pe riod were covered by an earlier spray no new spray would be needed until the next Smith pe o 9 69 9 o 9 riod on June 12 A spray imme 8 8 8 8 8 5 DBD B 5 diately after June 12 thin line 5 E e eo 9 Ni would have covered the next Smith period on June 19 Next we had a rain period that was predicted by the weather forecast starting on June 25 Before this period it would be necessary to apply a preventive spray that would cover the Smith period on July 3 too The next rain period was predicted by the national weather service also The spray before or at the beginning of this period can cover the rest of the month
12. hours The temperatur factor between 10 C and 24 C runs between 0 1 and 1 03 and has its maximum at 18 C Temperatures out of this range will lead to a factor of 0 The relative hu midity factor form 80 to 99 of relative hu midity ranges from 0 to 1 1 If relative humidity is lower than this the factor is 0 The rain factor vrom 1 mm to 15 mm within 48 hours ranges relative Humidty from 0 2 to 3 More than 15 mm of rain will lead to a factor of 3 too Temeprature Faktor 101112131415161718192021222324 rH Faktor The IPI Model is used as a negative prognosis in Italy At the time the IPI Value comes over 15 they start to spray agains Late Blight in tomato As long as it stays below no spray is indicated Precitpitation Faktor 0 5 MetWin II displays a steady increasing line for 0 the IPI Value At the time the IPI Value reaches 123456789101112131415 18 a qualitative line is displayd in the bottom of Precipitation mm the graph MetWin II stops this calculation if temperature stays below 11 C for 96 hours It starts the calculation again if temperature never falls below 6 C within 96 hours The maximum value of this calculation is 40 9 4 FRY Phytophtora Units The original model of FRY consists from two parts Part one is describing the dependence between cli mate and Phytophtora infectoions and the second part is describing the residual behaviour of the fungicide Ch
13. hours the risk will be reduced by 2090 of the current risk value value If the risk value decreases below 10 it will be set to 0 Pessl Instruments Ges m b H Operators manual The risk value is indicates periods favourable for Botrytis If such a pe riod is indicated during a susceptible stage of the grapes flowering after veraison the use of a fungicide will be indicated The risk level which can be accepted depends on variety product line red wines or white wines and local climate In areas with frequent long lasting dew during the picking period the risk level indicating a fun gicide application will be lower than in areas with dry climate during har vest The risk value gives opportunity to develop a site specific Botrytis 27 Leaf wetness Leaf wetness duration needed for Botrytis Infection lt gt 30 Points of 80 60 S 40 5 20 0 Botrytis risk 9 management strategy For many European areas in vine production risk value of 60 during flowering shortly after veraison will indicate the use of a Botrytis fungicide risk value of 60 during the suscepti ble stages of the vines will be reached after a 3 day rainy period with approximately 50 hours to 60 hours of leaf wetness After a hailstorm a risk value higher than 30 will indicate a spray 7 5 Black Rot Black Rot is caused by the fungus Guig
14. nal formats If you want to transfer all the weather data from a station the following target formats are available ASCII all measuring values in 12 minute Intervals Dbase all measuring values in 12 minute Intervals ASCII hh the hourly average values Synoptical Automet Strytzik Adem Proplant Welte poo Ju Sie ea Individual sensors sensor groups or the results of the disease calculation and the evaporation calculation can be transformed into the target formats ASCII or Dbase 6 1 The MetConv Screen Elements To achieve a uniform user interface all main screens of MetWinll have a consistent format In the first line of the program window you will find the user menu which is mainly used to operate the program Menu Underneath you will find a bar with various buttons Tool Bar that will put the most important functions of MetWinll at your disposal by just clicking on the icon Explorer You can open a weather station by double clicking on it On the left side the weather stations are displayed in an Explorer by means of a tree structure similar to Windows Explorer Use a double click to open a weather station and the sensors of the weather station will be listed The Explorer has a context menu which you can open using the right mouse button it s contents change according to selected sensor context specific 6 11 The MetConv Menu File Edi Setup Help The MetConv Menu encloses the menu items File Ed
15. of the station selected in the Explorer into the PC 4 After reading the data the hourly daily and weekly aver age values the evapotranspiration and the selected disease prognosis are calculated and data are then exported into the various formats selected in the settings for conversion Pessl Instruments Ges m b H Operators manual Station Registration Starts up the weather station management module and enables you to enter new weather stations or change an entry of a station Metos Communica Starts up the communication module 4 and enables you to tion Read weather data from the weather stations 1 Conduct single measurements at the weather stations 2 Read status information from the weather stations 2 Program the alarms into the weather stations 3 Initialise the weather stations 5 Convert Data Starts up the data conversion module from which you can se lect the formats that you wish the data of your weather station to be converted to This conversion of the weather data into other file formats enables prognosis programs from other manufac DC used to Settings This is where you select the units of measurement in which each of the various sensors are displayed Language Select the language for MetWinll Windows Displays list of open windows and options for formatting windows 3 1 2 Graphic Tool Bar TOT File Edit View Setup Windows Help The tool bar enables fast ac
16. operating system BNI 200 Brightness gt R DOS MetCom takes the password xil 1 from your entry in the station registra Metos initialization MetWin 1 x gt PESSL Metos type M Standard Weather station not connected or recognized tion If you want to initialize a new weather station you must first enter data in the station registration for the new station The password for the new station is entered here Then you should choose this station for initialization in MetCom Id Password Button This button is used to accept a new password entered in the registration without reinitializing the system Modem Button This button is used to accept the modem initialization string without reinitializing the system METOS Type Determines the model of your weather station The number and type of additional sensors available change depending on the selected METOS model Possible entries are Sensors Metos Compact small DAT 5 additional analogue sensors and one additional digi tal sensor can be connected with this weather station Additional analogue sensors could be 41 Air Temperature 42 Leaf Temperature 43 Soil Temperature 44 SoTemF 45 Temp 48 Soil Moisture Watermark 49 Soil Moisture Tensiome ter 52 Luxmeter 53 Solar Radiation 54 Barometer 55 Wind Direction 56 Wind Speed 5
17. representation period and reduces the time span of the displayed values If you start with the single measuring values 12 minute values they will be shrunk to hourly average values and those in turn will be shrunk to four hour average values Go to Beginning of Data has the graph start at the first recorded value of your weather database Go to End of Data has the graph stop at the last recorded value of your weather database Redraw Screen initiates a redrawing of the screen This is necessary in case of defects in the repre sented graph RelHum Brightness LeafWetness Rain 28 08 98 06 48 00 8 29 99 bright wet 0 0 28 08 98 07 00 00 99 bright wet 0 2 28 08 98 07 12 00 99 bright wet 0 0 28 08 98 07 36 00 8 78 99 bright wet 0 0 28 08 98 07 48 00 9 50 99 bright wet 0 0 28 08 98 08 00 00 9 26 99 bright wet 0 0 317 The MetWinIlI Graphics Table The table shows the weather data in a tabular form similar to a spreadsheet The scroll bar on the right side of the window makes it possible to move up and down within the data The scroll bar on the bottom of the window makes it possi ble to move right and left within the data You can also move within the table by using the arrow keys and page keys 3 1 8 MetWinII Graphic Degree Days Degree Hours ux Start time End 71258 17 06 99 16 00 00 enables you to calculate degree days and degree m hours over any time period easil
18. weather data from the station selected in the MetCom Explorer to the PC Conduct single measurement conducts a single measurement and shows the results as a table in the re sult window Read Metos Status reads the status information such as j Metos Type d Metos Date Time Metos Wake Time E Metos Password Area Standard sensors and Additional sensors Metos Index Read Set Alarms makes programming of Metos alarms possible Initialise Metos initialises the weather station Before your can work with your weather station you must give it a password name tell it which sensors are connected and set the clock and date If you want to communicate via telephone network with your weather station you must first tell it how to initialise the modem Station Registration starts the weather station management module MetWinll and enables you to enter your new weather station or change entries in the weather station management Graphic starts the module MetWinll Graphic Convert starts the module MetConv This transfer of the weather data into other file formats enables prognosis programs from other manufacturers to be used Exit closes the module MetCom Pessl Instruments Ges m b H Operators manual 13 4 1 5 The MetCom Explorer The Explorer is represented as a tree diagram which lists the weather stations entered in the station regis tration The selected weather station is highlighted in blue The MetCom Explorer conte
19. weather station anew age values Recalculate dis Causes MetCom to start the calculation of the disease prognosis over again from eases the beginning of the weather data The MetCom Station Information informs you in the summary window about the extent of the data that are on your PC In the expanded window you will get an overview of all the most important settings that were made when the weather station was registered Pessl Instruments Ges m b H Operators manual 14 Modem type 1 d 1 Radio modem type Radio add 4 1 6 The MetCom Announcement window MetWin 1 x gt PESSL E ici Communication wit Metos This window is displayed whenever communication Wake Metos x 1s initiated between the PC and the weather station 1 MetCom informs you about which communications functions are being performed ie Reading sensors Reading alarms etc You can terminate the connection at any time by pressing the cancel key UT Bead Sytem T The status information gives you information about micro processor controlling your weather station METOS program version the device and it s internal variables METOS Information the sensors con nected to your station METOS sensor information and the data saved in your device METOS data status METOS Program Version This field contains important information should you notice errors in the running the program and therefore have to inform Pessl Instru
20. you communicate with the weather station All other mod ules will be non functional If you passed over the registration card when first starting the program you can call it up at any time with the Menu Help Sub menu Registration Card Pessl Instruments Ges m b H Operators manual 2 the Individual Modules MetWinll is a user interface that contains several individual program modules Taken as a whole these modules make it easy to operate the weather station s and use the obtained weather data successfully for your agronomic requirements Each module is described below MetWinll Graphic 3 WEATHER STATION MANAGEMEN T 5 Communication 4 Conversion 6 Disease Models for different crops and diseases Data import from Met8 Met9 Visi ble XX Purpose Module With this module you can display individual weather Met Graph parameters the results of a disease prognosis calculated degree days and hours or the evapotranspiration calcula tion as a graph or table It shows you the individual value and the average determined over hours four hours twelve hours days and weeks You can call up other modules of MetWinll from this module Thus for most MetWinll users it will never be necessary to call up one of the other modules from MetWinll directly Your weather station is managed with this module Be MetReg fore you can operate a weather station through MetWinll or display t
21. 7 Wind Direction 65 Spannung in mV 66 Spannung in 90 67 Spannungsreferenz 68 Stromst rke 4 20 mA 69 Power 70 Wet Tempera ture 71 So F4k7 72 Air Temperature in 20 cm Height 73 Soil Temperature in 5 cm Depth 74 Soil Temperature in 25 cm Depth 75 Soil Temperature in 50 cm Depth 76 Solar Radiation Quantum 77 Air Pressure Metos Classic MET This station initialises the additional sensors with the device keyboard MiniMetos An additional temperature sensor such as one of the following sensors can be mounted on this station 41 Air Temperature 42 Leaf Temperature 43 Soil Temperature 44 SoTemF 45 Temp 70 Wet Temperature 72 Air Temperature in 20 cm Height 73 Soil Temperature in 5 cm Depth 74 Soil Temperature in 25 cm Depth 75 Soil Temperature in 50 cm Depth Metos Compact large D96 The following sensors can be connected to this weather station 3 Temperature sensors TO T2 2 Humidity sensors RHO and 2 Leaf Wetness sensors BN1 and BN2 1 Soil Wetness sensor Soil 1 Sensor for solar ra diation Pyr 1 Sensor for Wind Direction WD 1 Sensor for Wind Speed WS 1 Precipitation sensor Rain 1 Daylength sensor LDR and 1 Barometer sensor Ba rometer Temperature sensors TO T2 could be 41 Air Temperature 42 Leaf Temperature 43 Soil Temperature 44 SoTemF 45 Temp 70 Wet Tempera ture 71 So F4k7 72 Air Temperature in 20 cm Height
22. 73 Soil Temperature in 5 cm Depth 74 Soil Temperature in 25 cm Depth 75 Soil Temperature in 50 cm Depth Standard The sensors selected as standard for temperature humidity rain leaf wetness and day length can not be changed with this station Pessl Instruments Ges m b H Operators manual 16 Temp The MiniMetos enables you to connect an additional temperature sensor Choose the con nected sensor in this field Analogous 1 5 Choose the sensors connected to the analogue input of the weather station from the list of possible sensors Digital Choose the connected digital sensor from the list of possible sensors 0 T2 Choose the temperature sensor connected to the temperature input 0 to 2 from the list of possible sensors RHO RH1 Choose whether a humidity sensor is connected to the humidity input 0 or 1 BNO BN1 Choose whether se a leaf wetness sensor is connected to the leaf wetness input 0 or 1 SOIL Choose whether a soil wetness sensor is connected to the soil wetness input PYR Choose whether a sensor is connected for solar radiation WD Choose whether a sensor is connected for wind direction WS Choose whether a sensor for wind speed is connected RAIN Choose whether a sensor for precipitation is connected LDR Choose whether a daylength sensor is connected Barometer Choose whether a sensor for air pressure is connected Additional Buttons Standard Resets the configuration to the stand
23. CE INTERRUPTED WETNESS 6 sannan 29 91 SMITH PERIODS ED 30 9 2 PHYTOPHTORA NEGATIVE PROGNOSIS SCHR DTER AND 30 9 3 THEIPI MODEL OF BUGIANI CAVANNI AND PONT sss eere e essen nonne ennonn 32 94 FRY PHYTOPHTORA UNITS 5 e eee eoo eo er ene eoo Ron edu E oe Fare ES eris roar aa 32 9 5 POTATO LATE BLIGHT PRESENTATION BY METWIN saos ananas aasan 33 9 6 THE PRACTICAL USE OF THE POTATO LATE BLIGHT MODELS eeeeeeee enun ee eee eee assan aasan 34 97 TOMATO LATE BLIGHT PRESENTATION BY METWIN IL e sss ss ss ss sss sss sassa soso 35 9 8 THE PRACTICAL USE OF THE TOMATO LATE BLIGHT MODELS eeeeee sassa aana aasan 35 10 1 8 25 36 10 2 a voee o DN ao Se EE Ve SORTE douse 36 10 3 THE PRACTICAL USE OF THE MODELS FOR PERONOSPORA DESTRUCTOR ANIBOTRYTIS EE 37 LLIMELWLINIL DATAIMPORTLERQOM QOLDEBR VERSIQNS Z4 CL 5 11 1 DATA IMPORT FROM 8 1 V
24. Cropstage the soil water deficit of many different crops over a Start of Season l i End of Season selected time period Daily Etc daily crop water ient in 96 in in 96 use is calculated as Ero reference crop X ic d crop coefficient is calculated by MetWin from Setings ET sensor values using modified penman Stat End Rain Deficit equation A data base of standardized crop coeffi small vegetabilis asos 170598 cients from the FAO is used to obtain crop coeffi cient values for different crop growth stages Daily crop water use is accumulated over the selected time period to obtain an estimate of crop water use vegetables solanum 11 05 98 17 05 98 13mm vegetables cucumber 11 0598 17 0598 11mm vegetables lugumes 11 0598 17 05 98 13mm artichokes 11 05 98 17 05 98 18mm a Calculation interval corrected water deficit The 15 calculated as the crop aem m 4 4 ala water use minus effective precipitation 11 05 98 leta 170558 I 0 Evaporation Evaporation Calculate These results can be collected into a report ready for Precipitation corrected E printout or copying into spreadsheets or documents EXsperson Precipitation Edison iden The form is opened by selecting ET Value in the MetWinll Explorer and clicking the right mouse button to open the context menu Chose the menu item ET Crop and Rain to enter this
25. ESO 38 11 2 DATA IMPORT FROM MET WIN L asan 38 Pessl Instruments Ges m b H Operators manual 1 MetWinll Overall View MetWinll provides a graphical interface for accessing and using the weather data from your METOS station on a personal computer PC running the Windows 95 98 operating system With MetWinll you can operate your weather station download the weather data from the weather station to a PC using various options prepare temperature totals rain totals and average values over hours days and weeks calculate disease prognosis calculate the potential evapotranspiration display the weather data and the results of the disease prognosis and evapo transpiration calcula tion as a graph or table export the weather data into other file formats copy the weather data and the results of the disease prognosis and the evapo transpiration calcula tion into other programs as a graph or table print the weather data and the results of the disease prognosis and the evapo transpiration calcula tion as a graph or table MetWinll consists of several individual programs that are accessed using a common windows interface You can call up some of these programs directly while other programs work in the background and do not need to be called up Registration card Mm E Company ruments GmbH
26. I severe with a qulaitative line named 0 IPI severe This line is indicat 00 00 5 Jun 00 00 B M ing an IPI Value higher than 15 The progress graph from 096 to 10096 shwos the IPI Value and the FRY Blight Units IPI Values are indi cated by an steadily increasing line The range of this value is 0 to 40 Blight Infection Units are shown between 0 and 100 to 7 Units are shown as 100 6 as 86 5 as 72 4 as 58 3 as 42 2 as 28 and 14 FRY Blight Units are shown for susceptible moderate susceptible and moderate resistant cultivars within different lines with different colours The top three lines are showing weather a 90 95 or 100 SMITH Period has been fulfilled 9 8 The practical use of the tomato Late Blight models The three different models for tomato late blight were grouped under the same view than the potato models The BUGANI CAVANNI and PONTI IPI model is a negative prognosis and can be used to assess the date of the first spray against tomato late blight The calculations are started if no temperature below 6 C have occured during the last 96 hours The calculation will be set back to 0 if no temperatures over 11 C will occur for 96 hours This means calculations will start later than they do for potato Comparing this model with the SCHRODTER and ULLRICH Phytophtora Negative Prognosis it reaches the threshold of 18 later than the potato model This shows the later in crease of disease incidence in tomato
27. List A list of all current defined connections between PC and Metos PC and modem or PC and radio modem Connection Description The name of the selected connection Connection The serial port used by the selected connection Modem The modem used by the selected connection 5 3 Weather Station Management Connection On this page you can enter information about the communications device connected to your if you are using a remote connection between the weather station and your computer 5 31 Weather Station Management Connection the Screen Elements Telephone These lines refer to the telephone connection Extension Please select the extension if your telephone 15 connected to a switchboard Pessl Instruments Ges m b H Operators manual 19 Outside Line Enter the digit for accessing an outside line You do not need to do this if the weather sta tion is also connected to a switchboard Ringing Tone Define if the modem should wait for a ringing tone when it is communicating with the weather station or if it should generally wait several seconds before continuing to dial or if it 1s not necessary to wait for a ringing tone If the weather station is also located within a switchboard system no outside line is needed Tone Dial Pulse Dial Select the dialling procedure Pulse dialing is only necessary in the old analogue telephone networks Modern digital telephone networks tolerate both dialing procedures Telephone
28. METWINII Data Transfer Program Vers 2 01 User Manual Pessl Instruments Ltd Weiz Austria Dear Customer As President of the Pessl Instruments Ltd I welcome you as a new owner of Met our latest disease and pest warning software I congratulate you for being a progressive individual who invests in the most advanced technology available today to insure that your efforts produce the best possible results Your MetWinll software and your Metos weather station will provide reliable and accurate data that will allow you to make the best management decisions whether your responsibilities include insect disease or weed pest management turf or crop production or commercial or research data analysis The MetWinll software is the most versatile on the market and can be tailored to meet your specific needs Our commitment to quality and technological advance ment is evident in the wide variety of user settings reporting and automatic con trol options available with your MetWinll software We will continue to work with leading scientists and researchers throughout the world to insure the most reliable model results Our world wide network of METOS distributors is well trained and ready to meet your service and technical support needs They will be happy to answer any ques tions you have regarding the operation and application of your new MetWinll software Please carefully read the License Agreement and feel free to
29. MetWinII Graphic nan 1004 50 80 The graphic representation enables you to quickly get a very meaningful overall view of the weather data You can have all sensors sensor groups or single sensors as well as the results of evapotranspi ration calculations and disease prognosis of a Gha 0000 13m 0000 l4Xm 0000 weather station displayed graphically You can copy the graph into the clipboard in order to integrate it into a report or article To do this use the Context Menu of the graph which you can access with the right mouse button then click on copy to clipboard Move the graph through time If the mouse is located on the right border of the graph the mouse pointer turns into a bisected arrow Now you can proceed forward through the data using the left mouse button If the mouse is located on the left border of the graph the mouse pointer also turns into a bisected arrow You can then proceed backwards through the data using the left mouse button Pessl Instruments Ges m b H Operators manual The Graphic Context Menu If the mouse pointer is located on the active graph you can call up a con text menu by pressing the right mouse button Enlarge increases the resolution and decreases the time span of the displayed data If you start with the display of the monthly average values they will be stretched to the weekly average values and those in turn will be stretched to the daily average values Reduce increases the
30. ON MANAGEMENT EXTENSION THE SCREEN ELEMENTS 19 MELWINIL MELCOXNM L Pessl Instruments Ges m b H Operators manual 6 1 THE METCONV SCREEN 20 6 1 1 THE METCONV MENU 20 6 1 2 THEMETCONVFOOE BAR etu NU EE diete sees 21 6 1 3 EXPLORER 55 wee desee tenete bete prev ue eoe io en 21 6 1 4 THE METCONV EXPLORER CONTEXT MENU 21 ZICOMEBAINHICMELEVINE 2 7 1 THE DOWNY MILDEW PRIMARY 2 ss sss sss sss osso eese eene e ee 22 72 THE DOWNY MILDEW SECONDARY INFECTION sas asosan esee ee tee aaa eee t eene eee eee 23 7 3 POWDERY MILDEYW E Re ERE e PeEE e dovesesesveeses 25 TA BOTRYTIS E do Pes tsbacdessdsvvensiaves 26 7 5 UU os Cea EVE A 27 ASCOSPORE INEECTIONS 5 Ee SENE eO 28 8 2 2 22 0 Sea voler Ge Ee e 28 8 3 THE INFLUEN
31. SMITH Periods can be used to be informed about the pressure of tomato Late Blight in a certain period For the same purpose the graphical presentation of the FRY Blight Units can be used This model shows the date of Late Blight infection and the severity Best use of this model is to accumulate Blight Units to check if a new spray is needed Se potato section for more information Pessl Instruments Ges m b H Operators manual 36 10 Onion DOWNCAST and IPI Model MetWin II offers you two models for onion disease prognosis DOWNCAST designed by HILLDEBRAND and SUTTON from University Guelp forecasts the sporulation of the onion downy mildew pathogen Peronospora des turctor The IPI model has been developped by VINCELLI and LORBEER from Cornell University in Geneva to forecast the sporulation of Botytis sauamosa 10 1 DOWNCAST The onion downy mildew pathogen Peronospora desturctor sporulates at night if relative humidity is high enough Sporulation will take place if the hourly average temperature of the last day between 8 00 and 20 00 are below 24 C Relative humidity between 2 00 and 6 00 has to higher than 9596 Over night temperature should be between 4 C and 24 C There should be no rain over night If this conditions are fulfilled there will be viable spores from 6 00 to 17 00 Relation between Temperature number of hours 10 2 The IPI Model with more than 90 relative humidity and EFI Value Botrytis squamosa is favoured by con E si
32. addressed weather station Procedure This field contains the numerical code of the performed communication step Result This field contains the results of the performed communication step It can accept the entries True and False Verbal Procedure Contains the description of the communication step in the selected language Verbal Result This field contains statements about the success of the performed communication step in the selected language Pessl Instruments Ges m b H Operators manual 17 5 M her Station Management MetWinlII Weather Station Administration is the control center where all the information of the re spective weather station is collected and managed The information collected here is essential for operat ing all other parts of MetWinII This module is accessed from the Station Administration icon 51 MetWinII Weather Station Management The Screen Elements Weather Station Name User selected name of the weather station We recommend that the location of the weather station be selected as the name If you click Edit on the description you may change the name jon Connection and Extended Descriptions of the various pages of the Station Administration Station On this page you will find all the entries concerning the weather station itself Connection Under this tab you will find all the entries referring to the telephone or radio connection to the weather station Extended Under this tab you will find
33. ain will cause a strong infection The duration of leaf wetness Pessl Instruments Ges m b H Operators manual 23 necessary to cause a successful infection de zi di uenia B Curative pends on the temperature At a temperature of Antisporulative 6 C the leaves have to be wet for 9 hours At 100 b n a temperature of 20 C a leaf wetness duration gg PR severe of 2 hours is already enough for a infection 2 y g 60 Infection Incubation 1 40 Incubation 2 MetWinll shows the results of the calculation 20 Incubation 3 in the MetWinlI Graphic program The display Incubation 4 5 4 0 Incubation 5 of the Downy Mildew primary infection pro 133m 00 00 14 m 00 00 lt Incubations vides the following observations Observation Meaning Area Preventative A preventative spraying is useful if the weather and the effect of the True False epidemiology of Plasmopara viticola are suitable Pay attention to the infection situation on your grounds Preventative spraying makes sense where infection is a high possibility This is the case were mature available for infection or if spo Curative A curative spraying makes sense on the basis of the epidemiology of True False Plasmopara viticola Pay attention to the infection situation on your grounds Curative fungicides only achieve good results if they are applied HU QUUM after an infection at the begi
34. alizes the weather station Before your can work with your weather station you must give it a password name tell it which sensors are connected and set the clock and date If you want to communicate via telephone network with your weather station Station Registration Starts the weather station management module of MetWinll and enables to enter your new weather station or change entries mem the module MetWinlI Graphics Convert Data Starts the module MetConv This transfer of the weather data into other file formats enables prognosis programs from other Restart calculation Causes MetCom to calculate the average values of the weather station anew Pessl Instruments Ges m b H Operators manual 12 Recalculate Dis Causes MetCom to start the calculation of the disease prognosis eases over agai inning of the weather data Settings Language English Choose the language for working with MetWin Extended Display Gives you an overall view in the MetCom window of all settings in station management regarding the weather station Shows the index of MetWin Help Enables you to search the index of MetWin Help Contact details for Pessl Instruments Registration card Enables you to register the software Metos online Imi x 4 1 2 The MetCom Tool Bar File Edit Setup Help The tool bar gives you fast access to the most important functions of MetWinll and the fea tures of MetCom Read Data downloads the
35. all up the status information for your weather station Read Metos Status MetWinll Commu nication makes the connection to the weather station asks for the weather station status information and disconnects again The requested status information is displayed on the screen 4 1 1 0 4 1 4 4 1 5 4 Program the alarms of your weather station Set Read Alarms The METOS weather stations have seven freely programmable alarm outputs and one general alarm output at their disposal which can be integrated with weather events in order to turn devices on and off To accomplish this you will need to add a device MetControl to the weather station to amplify the small current capacity of the alarm outputs in order to operate higher current power relays With the help of MetControl you can use the alarm outputs to turn on frost freeze irrigation or sound a siren when the wet bulb tem perature drops below a prior set level 4 1 1 0 4 1 4 5 Initialize the weather station Initialize Metos The METOS weather stations are highly configur able Various models can accommodate from one to fourteen adjustable sensors in addition to several standard sensors In addition to that the weather station is protected against unauthorized access over the telephone by means of a password that is required in order to access the weather station The in ternal clock of the weather station must be set when powering it up for the first time so that the weather station has t
36. ard sensors Restore Use this button to restore the settings back to the values which were read off the weather station during initialization Initialization Use this button to accept the carried out settings The device will be re initialized Cancel Use this button to stop the process The device will not be initialized Logbook O x 4 1 9 queen Log Book VERBALPROCEDURE VERBALRESULT L 10 01 99 16 17 49 MetWin 1 x 10 True Start Read condition Direct connection 10 01 99 16 17 49 MetWin 1 x 100 True open R5232 9600 The MetCom Log Book informs 10 01 99 16 17 50 MetWin 1 x 1180 True Manual termination 10 01 99 16 17 50 MetWin 1 x 8100 True Close R3232 coml 9600 you success of communi ian 51651750 MetWin 1x 9010 False End Read condition cations between the PC and the 10 01 99 16 17 53 MetWin 1 x 25 True Start Read init Direct connection weather station Each communi 1110 01 99 16 17 54 MetWin 1 x 100 True open R3232 9600 cation is registered in the log 110 0199 16 1734 MetWan 1a 1130 True Manual termination 10 01 99 16 17 56 MetWin 1 x 8100 True Close R5232 comi 9600 book in order to inform you about the success or failure and possible reasons for the failure 10 01 99 BURNS Wet Vin 1 x 9025 False End Read init Date This field contains the date and time of the performed communication step Name This field contains the name of the
37. ass_application needs to be ad justed for irrigation system efficiency Warning This method of estimating water use is not exact The crop coefficients provided are general ized and should be adjusted for local conditions For perennial crops these coefficients are for fully ma ture plants The accuracy of the Reference ET value can be affected by weather station site conditions The crop coefficients only apply to well watered conditions and healthy plants and will over estimate water use under conditions of plant stress Pessl Instruments Ges m b H Operators manual Recommendation We recommend that you monitor soil water content or suction in order to verify the effectiveness of your irrigation program The monitoring program should be designed to provide the following information 1 Depth of infiltration of irrigation and rainfall 2 Relative dryness of soil in the rootzone This will help you decide to irrigate INDICATION OF WATER INFILTRATING BELOW THE ROOTZONE We also recommend that you obtain the assistance of your Metos distributor in implementation of your irrigation management program He will be able to assist you in customising the crop coefficients for your particular field if necessary and can assist you in implementing a soil moisture monitoring program 3 2 MetWin II Graphic Accumulated FRY Blight Units Calculation interval The Late Blight Accumulated Infection win E ME End dow is
38. cess to the most im portant functions of MetWinI and the Graphic module The functions of the keys refer to the selected weather station Read Data the selected sensor or sensor group Display Graph Display Table the displayed graph Enlarge Reduce New set up of screen or the keys call up additional modules from MetWinll Station registration METOS Communi cation Read Data starts the communication module MetCom and reads the weather data of the station selected in Explorer into the PC 1 Display Graphic shows the data from the sensor or sensor group for a selected weather station as a graph Display Table shows the data from the sensor or sensor group for a selected weather station as a table Enlarge increases the resolution and reduces the time span of the presented data If you start with repre senting the monthly average value they will be stretched to weekly average values and those in turn will be stretched to daily average values Reduce reduces the resolution and increases the time span of the represented values If you start with the single measurement values 12 minute values they will be shrunk to hourly average values and those in turn will be shrunk to four hour average values Redraw Screen causes the screen to be redrawn This is necessary in case of defects in the represented graph Station Registration starts the weather station management and enables you to enter new weathe
39. contact me personally if you have any comments suggestions or need additional service Thanks again for choosing MetWinll software and our Metos weather stations We will try our best to earn your continued confidence and business Warmest Welcome Gottfried Pessl Pessl Instruments Ges m b H Operators manual Table of Content LIMIELWINILLOVERALL VIE YW T METWINII THE REGISTRATION CARD e eese esee esee eo eost to see ee stas stans sean sese eo sete s seas seen eee 1 LLMICDWINILILHIELINDIVIDLAL MODLLES BTN 3 GRAPHICS THE SCREEN ELEMENTS eren ee eee eren soso osson osson asea 3 3 1 1 THE METWINII GRAPHIC MENU TTT 3 3 1 2 THE METWINII GRAPHIC TOOL 2 2 4 3 1 3 THE METWINII GRAPHIC EXPLORER 5 3 1 4 THE EXPLORER CONTEXT MENU 6 3 1 5 THE METWIN GRAPHICS EEGEND 2 eere RZ bee eae eva ea ora eoe neo vlt e eade eee Rad 6 3 1 6 THE MET WANED 6 3 17 THE METWINII GRAPHICS 7 3 1 8 METWINII GRAPHIC DEGREE DAYS DEGREE 6 7 3 1 9 METWINII ET CROP AND PRECIPITATION FORM 8 3 0 METWIN II GRAPHIC ACCUMULATED FRY BLIGHT UNITS s ss ss ss ss sss sss eee eee ee eee ss soso noe t sss 9 METWINII METCOM THE
40. der 21 C the whole day long or days where the temperature exceeds 32 C for 6 hours If the Powdery Mildew risk is less than 20 points spraying interval can be extended With 20 to 60 points the normal spraying inter val is valid If the risk is more than 60 points you should shorten decrease the spraying interval 7 4 Botrytis 100 80 Botrytis is the third most important 60 vine disease after the Downy Mil dew and Powdery Mildew Indif 40 ference to Plasmopara viticola and 20 Uncinula necator which feed only 0 on living plant tissue the pathogen 00 00 18 4 00 00 19 amp m 00 00 20 hn Botrytis cinerea can also live very well from deceased plant tissue This is why it can be found just about everywhere and does not need a special strategy to overwinter Living plant parts can only be infected by this pathogen if they are sensi tised through a wound during the development status On the vine the Botrytis cinerea infests cluster and grapes and if the conditions are favourable also shoot tips The clusters are only sensitive to Botrytis dur ing and shortly after flowering The grapes are sensitive to Botrytis again after reaching a sugar content of approximately 696 shortly after colouring Grape stems are only infested when a strong grape infection has occurred or if a physiological disorder of grapes occurred because of lack of calcium or magnesium Wounds provide an ideal possibility for the fungus to infest the vines This is w
41. e the file should be saved The test file records the data flow during the communica tion This way any communication problems can be easily observed Create Test File Mark this box if you want to create a test file when communicating with a weather sta tion to Test File Shows the directory where the test file is located Path to Test File This button enables you to change the directory to which the test file is saved Pessl Instruments Ges m b H Operators manual 20 Settings conversion File Edit Setup Help 6 MetConv Et Station Ascii DALEHDAT ASC DALEHINF ASC th This program controls the transformation of Lackner oM nat AE 2 Le i sci 2 1 METOS weather data into other file formats This oe P arand DAL SAD way MetWinll allows the weather data to be used Menin Lx se I Automet DALEH with other manufacturers programs The transfor 2 Strizyk DALEHRALZYK DALEHTEM ZYK mation of the weather data is done automatically Reis Proplant Proplant after reading the data from the weather station Crongam Lama Welte DALEHyy You can transform the total weather data of a sta S S Dale Hardin DBase ALL tion the data of a sensor group or individual sn weather sensors or disease calculations into exter dh Click the desired conversion
42. ease in infection Pessl Instruments Ges m b H Operators manual 30 9 Potato and Tomato Late Blight Phytophtora infextans Do to the emends importance of this disease there are numerous different simulation models for Late Blight We decided to implement three of the most common for potato SMITH Periods is widely used in the United Kingdom to point out Late Blight infection periods The Pytophtora Negative Prognosis following SCHRODTER and ULLRICH is well experienced in the germane speaking Europe FRY Phytophtora Units are a relativly new solution practically used within the NegFRY Model in Denmark For tomato we implemented SMITH Periods and FRY Phytophtora Units too and added with the IPI Model from BUGANI CAVANNI and PONTI a negative prognosis model de velopped and used for tomato in the Emmillia Romagna 9 1 SMITH Periods Smith period definition Two consecutive days with minimum temperature of 10 degrees C and 11 hours of relative humidity higher than 9090 on the first day and 11 hours of relative humidity higher than 9090 on the second day If the criteria for the fist day 15 fulfilled and the second day reaches 10 hours of rela tive humidity higher than 9090 this indicates that 9096 of the Smith period is fulfilled and the MetWin II displays it in a qualitative line If 95 and 100 of the Smith period is fulfilled the MetWin II displays 2 and 3 qualitative lines Action threshold Initiate treatments when first 10096 Smith period
43. ection The vine Downy Mildew over winters as Oo spores in the fallen leafs The infection of the vine starts from these Oospores in early sum mer Infections coming from the Oospores are called primary infections This term is mis leading since several primary infections can occur in early summer In Epidemiological events the primary infection does not play an important role if there are sufficient oil spots in the vineyards and the infection potential of the summer spores Sporangia exceeds the Oospores Bei N sse Bildung der Pilz 050006055500 Sporangie im Fr hjahr Uber 1G wintert als 00 14 4 spore im Reb XX blatt X lfleck auf der Blattoberseite Pilzrasen auf der Unterseite Sporengie entlast Zoosporen Verbreitung der Zoosporen durch Regenspritzer auf anf lliges Gewebe Triebspitze Befall Spalt t ffnun Sporangientrager Development cycle of the downy mildew of the vine Plasmopara viticola The Oospores which over wintered in the fallen leaves develop the so called macrosporangies whenever their is sufficient relative humidity for about 24 hours The macrosporangies release their Zoospores into free water and heavy rain as in a thunderstorm can carry these to the vine leaves or to the green shoots stem Primary infections therefore need longer rainy periods or several successive thunderstorms The first rain causes the fallen leaves to be sat
44. ections will always start two hours after sunrise 8 2 Conidia infection Leaf wetness duration needed for Conidia v Infection Conidia infection needs similar climate to ascospore infection The first papers pointing out the relation between leaf wetness duration temperature and infec tion were also published by MILLS and LAPLANTE The calculations of Met Winll also follow the publications made by SCHWABE 1980 There is no influ ence of daylight on the conidia phase of apple scab Therefore weak moderate and severe infections are calculated in independently from daylength Leaf wetness duration Light Conidia Infection 7 Moderate Conidia Infection g Conidia Infecti Pessl Instruments Ges m b H Operators manual 29 8 3 The influence of interrupted wetness The influence of interrupted leaf wetness periods is an often discussed question for apple scab infection MILLS and LAPLANTE showed germinating apple scab ascospores and conidia can survive in the ab sence of free water for only a certain length of time The literature shows a wide variation from 3 hours to 32 hours depending on temperature The length of a dry period within an infection period used in the calculations MetWin is indicated in the table above The practical influence of this parameter is very small A interrupted infection period only occurs during an extended infection period and does not cause an appreciable decr
45. f wetness periods temperature and apple 00 00 16 Jan 00 00 17 hn 00 00 18 Jun scab infections is well known in any apple growing area The graphic of scab infections consists of two different parts In the bottom part of the graphic the devel opment of weak moderate and severe scab infections is shown In the upper part successful finished in fections are indicated by coloured horizontal bars beginning when infection is complete Severe moder ate and weak infections are indicated separately 8 1 Ascospore infections Leaf Wetness Duration Needed For Ascospore Infection Depending on air temperature regimes the ascospores of Venturia inaequalis need longer or shorter leaf wetness periods for germination and penetration of leaves or fruits of the apple tree This relationship was first published by MILLS and LAPLANTE 1945 Our calculations are carried out based on the publications of Leaf Wetness Duration SCHWABE 1980 SCHWABE showed Temnerature C1 the severity of scab infections depending Light Ascospore Infection Moderate Ascospore Infection on temperature This agrees with our own Sever Ascospore Infection Observations Scab infections during cooler periods are never severe MCHARDY 1996 showed that only a few Ascospores discharged in the absence of daylight Most ascospore discharge takes place during daylight For this reason the calcula tion of moderate and severe ascospore inf
46. fields Preventative spraying makes sense where infection is a high possibility This is the case where Curative True False Plasmopara viticola Pay attention to the infection situation in your fields Curative fungicides achieve good results only if they are ap plied immediately after an infection at the beginning of the incuba Anti sporulative The anti sporulative spraying makes sense on the basis of the epi True False demiology of Plasmopara viticola Pay attention to the infection situation in your fields These fungicidal applications inhibit the sporulation of oil spots however they are not completely curative With applicati infection pressure of the already existi Pessl Instruments Ges m b H Operators manual 25 the started incubation counter is erased and the previous one anns 1 6 Incubation is occurring This value shows the progress of the incu bation The calculation of the incubation starts with the start of the infection Knowledge of the progress of the incubation after an in fection is very useful for selecting the right fungicide The program calculates the unlimited number of incubations The last 6 infections are displayed Whenever an infection takes place the existing incu bation counter is scrolled backwards If an infection is not com 7 3 Powdery Mildew The fungus Uncinula necator causes Powdery Mildew This fungus over winters in many viticultural ar eas as mycelia in the dormant
47. fore we are assessing the possible date of the emergence of early potatoes on base of temperature If there was no temeperature below 6 C during the last 96 hours the caclulation starts It will be set back to 0 if there was no temperature higher tan 8 C during the last 96 hours We decided to use the possible emergence of early po tato for starting the calculation because most growing areas grow different ripening groups next by If you think the starting date is to early for your area feel free to use a higher threshold instead of 150 or 3796 Our experiences from the last years showed a good differentiation between the different climate of the years The threshold of 150 or 3796 is valid for years with an average primary inoculum In such years this value is corresponding with 0 1 disease incidence in field In years following after dry summers when potato seed is very clean from primary inoculum the threshold can be set to 270 or 6790 what is normally corresponding with 190 disease incidence in filed SMITH Periods are used in United Kingdom to assess the first spray against Late Blight It is custom to start spray when the first 10096 SMITH Period has been fulfilled In the most years we found a relatively good coincidence of the first 100 SMITH Period and the Phytophtora Negative Prognosis Value of 150 1999 was different Do to warm and rainy spring Phytophtora Negative Prognosis Value 150 was reached at Mai 14 what is very soon for Styria Austr
48. he right date and time If the weather station is connected by modem to a tele phone line it makes sure that the modem is always ready In order to achieve this the weather station sends the modem settings to the modem after every measurement During the process of initializing the weather station the modem settings must also be entered 4 1 1 0 4 1 4 4 1 8 MetCom supports various means of communication between your PC and your weather station The weather station can be connected to the PC with a special serial cable For short distances an RS 232 interface cable can be used Distances from 25 m to 1000 m require an RS 485 connection An external PC modem connected to the telephone network at the weather station site can also be used to connect the weather station to your PC This option allows different users to have access to the weather station How ever the weather station cannot be initialized using the telephone access This way an unauthorized new initialization can be prevented Besides the normal network telephone access via an analogue or digital mobile telephone is also possible Radio modems can be used to make the connections when there are moderate distances between the weather station and the PC Pessl Instruments Ges m b H Operators manual 11 OC METCOM Metos online Mme Ei 41 MetWinIl MetCom The Screen EH Elements Dale Hardin Versuch Data 130394021200 Pa
49. he weather data from a weather station Met Winll needs information about the weather station The weather station management module enables you to input this information which is then passed on to the other parts of the program With this module you can load the weather data from MetCom your weather station into the PC have the weather station conduct single measurements and view the results of these measurements You can also call up the status in formation of the weather station program the alarms of your weather station and initialize the weather station MetCom supports the various methods of communication between your weather station and the PC such as serial cable radio telephone and mobile telephone cellular When you are loading the weather data from your weather station into the PC the communication module automatically starts the calculation of the various average values the calculation of the disease prognosis selected on the registration card and the conversion of the data to the selected export format This module converts the weather data into different file MetConv formats for export to other databases or to disease prog nosis applications of other manufacturers This module calculates disease prognosis for different crops and diseases This module imports weather data that is saved on DOS Met8Imp Software Met8 Met9 into the format of MetWinll Pessl Instruments Ges m b H Operators manual 3
50. hy after a hail storm the use of pesticide for Botrytis cinerea 1s necessary In order to infect the fungus need a very high relative humidity or free water Botrytis cinerea reproduces even at very low temperatures This is why Botrytis infested table grapes also continue rotting in the cold storage room heavy release of this fungus will occur if the temperature is fairly high about 20 C The higher the temperature the higher is the risk for Botrytis during the leaf wetness period If the risk period lasts a few days during the flowering or just after the colouring you should depending on the sensitivity of the cultivated viariety consider a Botrytis prevention measure Should the risk period immediately follow a hail storm a Botrytis prevention measure must be taken The Botrytis model used in MetWinll is using a relation between leaf wetness duration temperature and Botrytis infections which was published by BROOME et al 1990 This relationship is the basis for several Botrytis models used world wide The 30 point risk is corresponding with a moderate risk for Botrytis given by other models If it has been very dry the Botrytis risk will be 0 and a complete leaf wetness period as shown in the graph will be required to raise the risk If it has been wet and the risk value is higher than 30 points a leaf wetness period 1 3 the length of that required for complete infection will raise the risk value higher If the leaves are dry for 20
51. hy we are sending you a program along with MetWinll where you can transform the file format of your old weather data It will also assist you with the registration of the weather station used with Met8 Met9 and MetWin I 11 1 Data import from Met8 gn Source directory Start the program Met8Import from the Area program manager or from the tool bar Password Windows 95 oe Target directory Directory When you start the program you can select the name ID of the Metos data name MetWin 1 x gt KIVIK Area CAMetWin2 MWDATA weather station to be converted by simply Password kwik pressing that key in the directory in which Register the weather data is located Register If you press this key the Met Winll station management 5 894 Convert data file format End opens and you can select the weather station where the data should be added to or you can register a new weather station Convert With this key you start converting the data End With this key the program is ended MetWin 1 x Import 11 2 Data import from MetWin I Source directory The management of the weather station Metos data neme SISSE and the weather data has changed a lot from MetWin I to MetWinll therefore it Password HEINE is necessary to import the data from MetWin I to MetWinll In order for you T to succeed we are sending you an import
52. ia But the first 100 SMITH Period was fulfilled at Mai 1 In deed 1999 seems to be a awful Late Blight year for Central Europe Later in the season SMITH Periods are a good indicator for time intervals with a high Late Blight pressure They can be used to check the spray program whether it was covering the main infection events FRY Blight Units are pointing out dates with possible Late Blight infections and the actual severity of infection Best use of this model is to accumulate the FRY Blight Units since the last spray to check whether a new spray is needed The Blight Unit accumulator of MetWin II shows you how many of this Blight Units have been in period with a Negative Prognosis Value higher than 150 and the rain sum for the interval The small graph showing the distribu tion of Rain Negative Value and Infection is very useful to check how many of the infections could have been cov ered by your last spray You can use this information to decide which product you should use next against Late Blight Pessl Instruments Ges m b H Operators manual 35 9 7 Tomato Late Blight Presentation by MetWin II MetWin II shows you the re sults of the different disease m Smith 9095 models a graphs You can print 100 Smith 9595 this graphs or copy it into clip 80 m Smith 100 board to use it for your own 60 Inf suscept varie documents Inf mod suscept 40 Inf modresisten 20 IPI The graph starts from below m IP
53. it Settings and Help The MetCom Menu with its menu items puts all main functions of the pro gram at your disposal Menu Item ub menu ooo Purpose Edit Update Conversions Checks if all file conversions were carried out and if necessary carries out the file conversions that have not been done yet Pessl Instruments Ges m b H Operators manual 21 Convert starting Carries out file conversions beginning with January 1 of the with beginning of current year Convert starting at Carries out file conversions on the entire record beginning of data Settings Language English French Spanish Italian Extended Display Gives you an overall view in the MetCom window of all settings regarding the weather station Shows the Index of MetWin Help Enables you to search in the index of MetWin Help Info Contact Information for Pessl Instruments Registration Card Enables you to register the software 6 1 2 The MetConv Tool Bar The MetConv Tool Bar only contains the button End With this button you can leave the program Met Conv 6 1 3 The MetConv Explorer The Explorer shows the weather stations and their sensors as recorded in the weather station registration The operations of the module and the formats contained in the target format list refer to the weather sta tion selected in the Explorer 6 1 4 The MetConv Explorer Context Menu The Explorer Context Menu is at your disposal by clicking the right mouse bu
54. licking the right mouse button anywhere within the Graphic Explorer frame If a weather station 15 selected the Explorer Context Menu enables you to Read Data Start MetCom and download the data of the selected station to the PC Station Registration Edit the station registration of the selected weather station with the key board If a sensor is selected you can Display Graph Display data from this sensor as a graph Display Table Display data from this sensor as a table If the selected sensor is a temperature sensor you can additionally calculate Degree days Display degree days or degree hours as selected from the menu If you selected sensor is the Etmm sensor you can enter the ET Crop and Rain dialogue box ET Crop and Rain Calculates evapotranspiration and crop water use over a selected period 3 1 5 The MetWin Graphics Legend File Edit View Setup Windows Help The legend informs you about the sensors displayed in the graph or tl n table and their line color and unit The sensors of the active graph or laa HE table are always shown You can recognize the active graph or table on the blue highlighted headline p 100 You can copy the legend into the clipboard in order to integrate it into a report or article To do this use the Context Menu of the legend which you can access with the right mouse button then click on copy to clipboard eafWetness Brightness 3 1 6
55. limatic factors have no bearing on the time period when flag shoots become visible It most likely corresponds to the phenology of the vine The first Flag shoots are found usually at the beginning of cluster elongation The number of Flag shoots increases up to the time of flowering PM Ascospore Inf The fruiting bodies Cleistothecia pq Gy PM Risk develop during good weather in late summer and early fall Healthy Cleistothecia dry up in late fall and overwinter in this condi tion In order to develop asco spores in spring the Cleistothecia first have to consume water They depend on the leaf wetness for that Because of the water requirement 00 00 18 00 00 19 hn 00 00 20 Jun Pessl Instruments Ges m b H Operators manual 26 of the cleistothecia for forming ascospores ascopore discharge can be calculated from leaf wetness dura MetWinlII Graphic shows the possible date for the ascospore infections The release of Uncinula necator during the summer is influenced primarily by temperature The optimal temperatures for the Powdery Mildew are between 21 C and 32 C greater the number of hours daily that the temperature is within this range the higher is the risk for Powdery Mildew Days with more than 6 hours of temperature in this range increase the risk about 20 points Days where the temperature is not within this optimal range reduces the risk about 10 points These are days with temperatures un
56. lorothalonil Do to the fact that fungicide market is actually moving toward new compounds and Clo rothalonil is a older one we suspended the use of the fungicide model The climate model assess the se verity of Late Blight infections an base of subsequent hours with a relative humidity higher than 9090 and the average temperature within this period Duration an temperature are resulting in seven different classes Pessl Instruments Ges m b H Operators manual 33 of infection severity Infection severity is calculated for 3 different groups of host resistance of the culti var The model separates susceptible moderate susceptible and moderate resistant varieties onsecutive hours of relative humidity gt 90 that should resne in Average temperature Cultivar resistance bo ghtuntsn a 24 ETE ees gs 9 iius EE D 1514181994 L 1 1 Lp dq qp dq 1 1 O I d ee a High relative humidity gt 90 Blight unit estimation period is 24 hr noon to noon b S susceptible cultivars c MS moderately susceptible cultivars d MR moderately resistant cultivars 9 Pts 6 24 EE ERES SEI L 68 LRT 6 29 12 Pig
57. m LeafWetness Brightness 28 08 92 16 12 00 1296 880 bright 28 08 98 16 24 00 13 20 89 bright 28 08 98 16 36 00 13 69 69 bright 4 Mauthner Greith Krankheitssensoren Normal values Zoom 1 The Explorer has a context based menu whose contents change according to the selected sensor or weather station that can be opened by clicking the right mouse button anywhere within the Graphic Ex plorer frame 3 1 4 Underneath the Explorer on the main screen of Graphics you will find the legend 3 1 5 on the main screen of MetWinlII Graphic It lists the sensors and their units that are shown in the active graph or table The remaining free screen is available for displaying graphs 3 1 6 or tables 3 1 7 You can change the size of Explorer and legend by positioning the cursor over the border and when the bisected arrow appears pressing and holding down the left mouse button and dragging the bor der to the desired location 311 The MetWinlI Graphic Menu File Edi View Setup Windows Help T Tei T I The MetWinII Graphic Menu includes the menu items File Edit View Settings and Help The MetWinII Graphic Menu puts all of the main functions of the program at your disposal XDIOICI grap Display Table Shows the data from the sensor or sensor group selected in the a Ladle Q Edit Read Data Starts up the communication module MetCom and reads the weather data
58. mens Ml US Robotics Com 1 1 US Roboti nections altogether The definition of a connection E Reeues con 1 US Rabotics consists of 5 A Connection Descripti Metos port A description of the connection chosen Modem at Com i Com 1 serial port where the device is con Standard Hayes ibd nected The connected device The devices can be connected to serial ports 1 to 9 With most PCs 2 or 4 serial ports are possible Please note that for a trouble free operation of 4 serial ports an intelligent interface card 15 necessary The standard PC does allow four serial ports however only two interrupt lines are available If the PC s are working in a network a higher number of serial ports are also possible since the serial ports of other PCs are available through the network The MetWinll modem definitions contain configurations for several current market modems that are suit able as connected devices PESSL Instruments also supports various radio modems and modems for GSM telephones Most of the modems can be operated with the standard Hayes settings on the PC Hayes de fines the standard modem commands to be used by all modems Please get in touch with your METOS dealer in case your modem does not work with these settings or none of the other modems are comparable to your modem MetWinII Weather Station Management Change Communication Channel the Screen Elements Connection
59. ments Ltd or an agent about your discovery METOS Information Your station type the setting of the internal clock the next wake time the pass word or name you entered during initialization only shows if the station is connected via ca ble to the PC and the path to the weather data on your PC are located here METOS Sensor Information This is where you can find a description of the sensors that have been initialized with this station METOS Data Base The date of the first and last measurement contained in the database of the METOS station is shown here TOS Initialization The initialization informs the weather station about the sensors connected synchronizes date and time between PC and METOS and determines the password of the weather station The initialization screen adjusts automatically to the selected type of weather station Initialization must be done for new stations Pessl Instruments Ges m b H Operators manual and whenever the sensor configuration is changed New systems are initialized at the factory but should ae 5 User define m odem be reinitialized after field installation in order to clear sd Emm aa E I data and reset the time 41 airtemp sorf O H Password The password consists of 5 letters figures 46 PYR ee or special characters It is possible to 5 WD o ws use all characters that are allowed as a o j file names in the
60. nardia bidwelli Fruits leaves 100 and shoots are affected During infection if it is raining Conidia spores are set free which can cause 60 further infections The next spring secondary fruit bodies Pseudothecia are developed within the infested grapes from which the 0 Ascospores are set free during the growing phase All new growth is 00 00 16 Jun 00 00 17 Jun 00 00 18 Jun endangered by the disease during the growing phase The main symptoms are small circular spots which appear on the leaf in spring and in early summer one to two weeks after infection The spots can reach a diameter of 2 to 10 mm Guignardia bidwelli needs free water in order to infest the green parts of the vines The necessary duration of leaf wetness for infection depends on the temperature and amounts to 24 hours at 10 C In the optimal temperature range for the disease 21 C 24 C the required leaf wetness period is reduced to 7 hours MetWinll Graphic shows you the possible infections by the pathogen as a curve The infection is concluded when the curve reaches 100 Pessl Instruments Ges m b H Operators manual 28 8 MetWinII MetApple The most important apple p disease is apple scab caused 100 Scab light by the fungus Venturia inae 80 Scab medium qualis Thanks to the publica a tient tions of MILLS and 40 uci cab n dites LAPLANTE 1945 the rela Scab severe 20 tion between lea
61. nning to the incu Anti sporulative The anti sporulative spraying makes sense on the basis of the epi True False demiology of Plasmopara viticola Pay attention to the infection situation on your grounds These fungicidal applications inhibit the sporulation of oil spots however they are not completely curative With these applications the infection pressure of the already existing oil spots can be reduced sufficiently Spray when a sporulation is mem 1 6 Incubation is occurring This value shows the progress of the incu bation The calculation of the incubation begins with the start of the infection Knowledge of the progress of the incubation after an in fection is very useful for selecting the right fungicide The program calculates an unlimited number of incubations The last 6 infections are displayed Whenever an infection takes place the existing incu bation counter is scrolled backwards If an infection is not com pleted the started incubation counter is erased and the previous one is scrolled forward again 7 2 The Downy Mildew Secondary Infection Secondary infections of Plasmopara viticola are only possible if already mature oil spots exist in or nearby your vineyard Oil spots are mature when they are able to sporulate produce sporangia Sporan gia are only produced by night Sunlight inhibits the sporulation Sporangia are produced if it is warmer than 12 C and the relative humidity is very high The ra
62. r stations or change entries in the weather station management module METOS Communication starts the communication module 4 and enables you to Pessl Instruments Ges m b H Operators manual Read weather data from the weather stations on the computer 1 Conduct single measurements at the weather stations 2 Read status information from the weather stations 2 Program the alarms in the weather stations 3 Initialise the weather stations 5 Convert Data enables you to adjust the file formats in which the data of your weather station may be transferred This transfer of the weather data into other file formats enables prognosis programs from other manufacturers to be used 6 Exit closes the module MetWinII Graphic and all other modules started through MetWinll Graphics olx 3 1 3 MetWinII Graphic Explorer File Edit Setup Windows Help phe rr The MetWinll Graphics Explorer is a tree graph which lists the weather stations E E entered in the weather station management module and the respective data sets C Dale Hardin Versuc amp for each station The data sets can be E Et Station M GGermuth 1 Individual sensors E Lackner 2 Groups of sensors Mauthner Greith E Station sensors 2 Calculated values for disease or ET models l duci The selected weather station or data set is highlighted in blue E Pero Prim tinf B Downy Mildew E Dniie A double click on weather station opens or
63. rangia have reached healthy vines only sufficient leaf wetness periods are needed to cause infection The fungi need 2 hours Preventative leaf wetness at 20 C to complete Curative E D m Antisporulative the infection At lower tem DM light A Gy DM medium peratures the required leaf wet 20 DK cst ness duration extends to 9 hours 60 nes T incubation The incubation period starts the Incubation 5 x x 5 20 Incubation 4 beginning of infection The in B Incubation 3 b d h d T T Incubation 2 cubation period 15 the duration 00 00 18 han 00 00 19 Jun 00 00 20 an eIncubation between infection and mature oil seInfection spots It depends on the temperature and humidity MetVine calculates the incubation period for an un limited number of infections however only the last 6 are shown on the MetWinll graphic The progress of the incubation has an influence on the choice of fungicide Curative substances only reach a high ef fectiveness if they are applied on young fungus tissue MetWinll shows the results of the calculation in Graphic program The display of the Downy Mildew secondary infection covers the following observations Observation Meaning Ama Preventative A preventative spraying is useful if the weather and the effect of the True False epidemiology of Plasmopara viticola are suitable Pay attention to the infection situation in your
64. rresponding r value of the first column and sum up the 14 products r x h The sum of the products is the risk value For example count all hours within a week during which hourly average temperature was between 10 0 11 9 C and relative humidity was greater than or equal to 9090 or precipitation was 0 1 mm hour or greater Then multiply that number of hours by the corresponding value of the first column 0 8990 Do the same procedure for the remaining 13 rows of the table and then add up all products to get the risk value Smith Periods and Phytophtora Negative Prognosis in Styria during Action Threshold Disease is expected Mai 1998 when accumulated risk value has ex ceeded the threshold of 150 Users have 180 adjusted this threshold to fit local con ed ditions value higher than 150 is in Ka dicated by an asterisk in the u ME TOS 1 display This indicates a disease level 40 of approximately 0 196 infected plants P l H aia This is the action threshold if there is a eS e uy a FF FF aS GF gf period of several weeks to harvest The SCHR DTER and ULLRICH value of Smith Periods Phytophtora Negative Prognosis 2770 indicates 190 infected plants This value can be used as an action threshold in years where the primary inoculum of this disease is very low This would be a year after a dry year when the planted seed carries very little inoc
65. s whether the threshold of 7 has been fulfilled for this age groups Days after planting d Pessl Instruments Ges m b H Operators manual 37 10 3 The Practical Use of the Models for Peronospora destructor and Botrytis squa mosa Both models are showing the probability of sporulation for their pathogens Pseudoperonospora destructor needs free water for infection The infection of onions by Botrytis squamosa is favoured by free water but high relative humidity near to 10096 will be enough for infection by this pathogen If a forecasted sporulation of this pathogens is followed by a leaf wetness period of certain hours you should consider an infection If you are using a protectant against this pathogens onions should be sprayed before forecasted sporulation is followed by a leaf wetness period The IPI model for Botytis squamosa is hardly influenced by crop age Crop younger than 60 days has a very low danger of Botrytis squamosa infection do to the absence of lesions Action threshold for this pathogen is one lesion per plant With increasing crop age the probable number of lesions will increase This is reflected by the increasing multiplication factors with crop age Pessl Instruments Ges m b H Operators manual 38 11 MetWin II Data import from older versions Many on our customers are using Metos weather stations for years already and now want to have the data collected with the DOS Software also available in MetWinlII That is w
66. stages canopy growth is more important than fungicide degra dation Pessl Instruments Ges m b H Operators manual 10 4 MetWinll Communication MetWinll Communication is responsible for the communication between the weather station and your PC With this program you can 1 Download the weather data from your weather station to a PC Read Data Depending on the model your weather station can save weather data from nine days up to six months In order to have the data available for the computer program you must transfer the data from the weather station to the PC This is the main function of MetWinlII communication MetWinlI communication makes the connection to the weather station and wakes it up After that the PC calls up some status information model version of the equipment program registration battery level and so on and starts download ing the weather data When the station has transferred all available weather data the connection will be closed 4 1 1 0 4 1 4 2 Arrange for the weather station to make a single measurement and show the results Start Sin gle Reading MetWinII Communication makes the connection to the weather station wakes it up and requests the weather station to make a measurement The weather station delivers the results of the single measurement to the PC and MetWinlI Communication disconnects The results of the measurement are displayed on the screen 4 1 1 0 4 1 4 3 C
67. stent wet climate A sporulation will be probable if temperature at the last 2 days P was not over 27 C for longer than 12 25 hours relative humidity was not lower 2r than 7096 for longer than 14 hours at the 1 9H last day and relative humidity was 11 higher than 9090 for more than 6 hours 0 5 at the last 3 days If this all is true the 0 model is calculating a index value 0 5 showing how favourable climate was for 44 this disease This index value EFI is dependent of average temperature of the last day and the number of hours with a relative humidity higher than 9090 at the Temperature C n h with rH gt last day 9090 The EFI value is indicator for cli Crop age Factors Converting EFI to IPI mate impact to Botrytis squamosa If there will be a sporulation is dependent if there are lesions and this is widely influenced by the age of the crop EFI value is transformed into IPI Inoculum Production Index by a multiplication factor which is dependent of crop age If this results to an IPI value higher than 7 a sporulation is forecasted for the next day B N A O Im Crop Age Factor am A P o 90 dy do dum oh Sh To allow a simpler handling of the model MetWin II is showing the IPI value for crops with 70 80 90 and 100 days age MetWin II shows the progress of IPI values for this crop age groups In a block of qualitative lines it show
68. te of sporangia production increases with tem Pessl Instruments Ges m b H Operators manual 24 perature up to 24 C The optimal temperature for sporulation for European grape varieties vitis vinifera is about 24 C If temperatures exceed 29 C no sporulation can take place MetVine checks to see if hu midity of more than 95 occurs during the night If this condition lasts more than 50 C hours the sporulation is concluded and new sporangia of the Downy Mildew exist in the vineyard 50 C hours cor responds to 4 hours with 13 C or 3 hours with 17 C Sporangia s of Plasmopara viticola have a limited lifetime The warmer it is and the dryer the air the faster they die MetVine calculates a simulation of the lifetime of the grown sporangia depending on the temperature and the humidity Most sporangia usually die without infecting vines In order to cause new infections the sporangia must be spread There are two ways this happens If it rains immediately after the forming of sporangia they spread with the rain splashes If the vine leaves stay wet long enough a high level of Plasmopara viticola infection takes place If the next morning be gins without rain and with decreasing humidity the dried up sporangia abscise from their branches Even a slight air movement will carry them to healthy leaves Unless it rains soon they will die MetVine cal culates the spread of existing spores based on the precipitation and humidity If viable spo
69. tera 150394211200 Laine Area AWin2WMWDATAX Mauthner Password PESS1 Sensors AIRTEMP F To achieve a uniform user interface all main screens Metos Demo of MetWinlI have a consistent format In the first line s mc of the program window you will find the user menu TAA ooa which is mainly used to operate the program 4 1 1 555 Underneath the user menu is tool bar with various buttons 4 1 2 These buttons put the most important functions of MetWinll at your disposal by just clicking on them On the left side of the screen you will find your weather stations displayed in a tree structure 4 1 3 called the Explorer The Explorer has a context menu 4 1 4 which you can open by right clicking the mouse anywhere within the Explorer pane BRIGHTNESS LEAFWETI PRECIPIT VOLTMY z Metos port Coml 9600 XModem 1024 No testfile Radio Target devic 4 1 1 The MetCom Menu File Edi Setup Help ste AI The Menu covers the menu items File Edit Settings and Help The MetCom Menu with its menu items puts all the basic functions of MetCom at your disposal Menu ltem ub menu Purpose 1 2 weather data from the station selected the MetCom xplore be P Read Metos Status Reads the s status information such as Metos Type Metos Date Time Metos Wake Time Metos Password Area Standard sensors and Additional sensors S Initialize Metos Initi
70. the entries for special features of the program such as drawing up test files during communication or communication with MetWin weather data server 5 2 Weather Station Administration Station egistration m x Under this page tab can specify the directory path the m password the communications settings and the day SS ee length method TE J SEMI NE oo Metos port ModematComl T Corm Standard Ha Directory The path to the her data on your PC If d Jt P 9 IIE you click the button on the data path ecu REESE you may change the data path R T E Derive from solar radiation Password The password of your weather station This n password is established when initializing the weather station It also serves as the name for the weather database If you should try to read weather data from a weather station without knowing the password the communication will disconnect Edit Port This is where you select the connection from the weather station to the PC Possible connec tions are direct cab with serial interface 1 or 2 and radio with serial interface 1 or 2 If you click the 1 you can change the connection between the weather sta tion and the communication device connected to it 5 3 Baudrate Select the speed at which you want to communicate with the weather station Please note METOS only supports a speed of 2400 Baud Daylength This is where yo
71. tton when the mouse cursor is located anywhere within the Explorer pane Update Conversions Checks if all set conversions were carried out and if necessary carries out the con versions that have not been done yet Convert starting with beginning of year Carries out conversions beginning with January of the cur rent year Convert starting at beginning of data Carries out conversions on the entire record Pessl Instruments Ges m b H Operators manual 7 MetWinll MetVine 22 MetVine is one of the background modules of MetWinlII That means that the module is never called up directly however it is still essential for you to know how the module works MetVine includes calcula tions for the three most important vine diseases Downy Mildew Downy Mildew Plasmopara viticola Powdery Mildew Powdery Mildew Uncinula necator and Botrytis Botrytis cinerea In addition to that the package also includes calculations for prognosis of Black Rot Guignardia bidwelli If you decided to register MetVine when filling out the registration card 1 1 MetVine will always be run ning when you have read weather data from a weather station You can also backdate the calculations should you decide later on to use the viticulture model 4 1 1 4 1 4 The results of the calculation are displayed graphically in the MetWinll Graphic as GvDM Primaryinf Downy Mildew Botrytis and Powdery Mildew 7 1 The Downy Mildew Primary Inf
72. u can have the program calculate values for daylength day or night by using the geographical latitude if you don t have a daylength sensor If you want MetWinll to calculate the daylength you must enter the degree of latitude of the location of your weather station Xmodem Block size Set the size of data blocks for data transfer Normally you select 1024 Bytes For difficult communications over radio or phone smaller data blocks are recommended 128 Byte Delete Metos With this button you can erase a weather station from the registration and from the weather station management Once accomplished the data from an erased weather station are no Pessl Instruments Ges m b H Operators manual 18 longer at your disposal in MetWinll Graphic Nor can you read from the weather station with MetCom Finish Use this key to install a new weather station End Registration Use this key to end the module MetWinll weather station management and return to the program from which you accessed MetWinlII weather station management 5 2 1 e nd Station Management Change Communication Channel In this part of the program you can change the set s EN tings of the connection between the serial port and con 2 direct con 2 direct conection the connected weather station a connected modem E Ha or radio modem You can define ten different con Paccomm at Com 1 1 PacComn X cancel E siemens Ml at Com 1 1 Sie
73. ulum MetWin II display the results of this calculation as a steady increasing line from 0 to 100 100 is equal with 400 points 37 15 equal with 150 points and 67 is eaqual with 270 points If it reaches 150 points a qualitative line is shown in the bottom of the graph If it reaches 270 points a second qualitative line is shown Metwin II stops the calculation if temperature during the last 96 hour has never reached 8 C It starts the calculation again if there was no temperatre below 6 C within the last 96 hours This brings the start of the Pessl Instruments Ges m b H Operators manual 32 calculation very narrow to emergence of early potatoes Most growing areas are growing different ripen ing groups of potatoes and inoculum from early potatoes can enter fields from other ripening groups In Styria in 1998 both Smith Periods and Phytophtora Negative Prognosis were predicting the first spray during the last days of May 9 3 The IPI Model of BUGIANI CAVANNI and PONTI This Model uses temperature relative humidity and precipitation to assess the increase of Phytophtora infestance disease incidence in to mato The actual IPI Value is caclulated from a temperature a relative humidity and a precipitati on factor The temperatur factor and the relative Temperature C humidity factor are caclulated with the mean va lues from the last 24 hours The precipitation factor is calculated by the accumulated rain within the last 48
74. urated with water and strong rain on the following day causes the macrosporangies to release their Zoospores These in turn reach the vine leaves or shoots For the suc cessful infection a sufficiently long leaf wetness period is necessary to allow the Zoospores to reach the stoma of the leaves or shoots and infect them Illustration 1 shows the development cycle of the downy mildew of the vine Plasmopara viticola The MetVine Model for the Downy Mildew primary infection checks first to see if the weather is suitable for development of macrosporangies This is the case as long as the leaves are wet or the relative humid ity after the rain does not fall below 70 Depending on the temperature the macrosporangies can de velop within 16 to 24 hours If mature macrosporangies are available it will be shown graphically in the display of the Downy Mildew primary infection As soon as macrosporangies are present MetVine rec ommends a preventive use of pesticide for the vine Downy Mildew If macrosporangies are present a strong rainfall can spread their Zoospores MetVine interprets a con tinuous rain of 6 mm as a strong rain If the Zoospores are spread by strong rain a primary infection is possible if the leaf wetness has lasted long enough The intensity of the rain that caused the infection is relevant for the severity of the infection If less than 8 mm of rain falls during infection it is considered a moderate infection More than 8 mm of r
75. window allows you to accumulate hon FRY Blight Units over a selected time inter val You can start this window from the ex plorer context menu if Potato or Tomato is Accumulated Infection Units selected FRY Blight Units can range form Resistance Susceptible moderate 3 E na to 7 for a day A value of 0 is indicating no sell infections B Blight infection could have happened Val Inf within Riskp m ues from 1 to 7 are indicating the severity of acc Ran 53 40 infection The accumulated FRY Blight Units can be used to assess weather a new peser E spry is needed The thresholds for suscepti negativ Prognosi ble moderate susceptible and moderate re sistant cultivars are 30 35 and 40 A new spray is indicated if the threshold is exceeded and last spry is longer than 6 days away The window shows you the accumulated values for this three susceptibility groups It shows you how many of the accumulated FRY Blight Units have been within a period when for Potato the Phytophtora Negative Prognosis Value has been higher than 150 or for tomato the IPI Value has been higher than 15 Beside of this the window shows you the accumulated precipitation within the selected period and the distribution of infection rain and negative prognosis This information allows you to assess whether your spry coverage was protecting the crop from most of the infections or if a curative spray is indicated Please note in the early
76. xt menu is called up by clicking the right mouse button when the cursor is within the MetCom Explorer 414 The MetCom Explorer Context Menu Puts all the functions of MetCom and a few functions of other MetWinlI modules regarding the selected Vealne ati On a 1 d 24 d QUI Read Data Downloads weather data from the station selected in the MetCom Explorer to he D Read Metos Reads the status information such as Status Metos Type Metos Date Time Metos Wake Time Metos Password Area Standard sensors and Additional sensors Q Makes ent and displays the results as a table in the result win dow bje Initialise Metos Initialises the weather station Before your can work with your weather station you must give it a password name tell it which sensors are connected and set the clock and date If you want to communicate via telephone network with our weather station you must first tell it how to initialise the modem Station Registra Starts the weather station management module MetWinll and enables you to tion enter your new weather station or change entries in the weather station man agement Starts the module MetWinII Graphic and displays the data from the selected weather station Convert Starts the module MetConv This transfer of the weather data into other file formats enables prognosis programs from other manufacturers to be used Recalculate aver Causes MetCom to calculate the average values of the
77. y Select a temperature Base posThresh negThresh Positive Negative sensor from the Graphics Explorer then click on the right mouse button to access the Explorer Context Menu Select pue 2 degree days to access the degree days dialogue box ism 0 00 20 00 20 10 10 00 778 27 For degree day calculations accumulates posi tive and negative degrees above and below the base tem perature on a daily average basis For degree hour calcula tions MetWinll accumulates positive and negative degrees above and below the base temperature on a hourly average basis x Exit y Calculations are done for default base temperatures shaded values of 0 5 and 10 degrees Calcu lations can be done for 2 additional base temperatures which are user defined if the calculation interval begins part way through the season a starting value of degree days or degree hours if known can be entered under the start column Positive degree days are a summation of the average daily temperature minus the base temperature if the daily result is 0 gt Negative degree days a summation of the average daily temperature minus base temperature if the daily result is 0 Pessl Instruments Ges m b H Operators manual Settings 3 1 9 MetWinll ET Crop and Precipitation Crop small vegetable l Form l This form allows you to estimate crop water use and
78. ytophtora Negative Prognosis It is dispayed as value between 0 and 100 100 is corespondign with the Negative Prognosis result of 400 37 is Pessl Instruments Ges m b H Operators manual 34 equal with 150 and 67 is equal with 270 points FRY Blight Infection Units are shown between 0 and 100 to 7 FRY Units are shown as 100 6 as 86 5 as 72 4 as 58 3 as 42 2 as 28 and 1 as 14 FRY Blight Units are shown for susceptible moderate susceptible and moderate resistant cultivars within different lines with different colours The top three lines are showing weather 9090 9590 or 100 SMITH Period has been fulfilled bereich Shows if a 9096 95 or 100 SMITH True False Period has been fullfulled within the last 2 days FRY Blight Units for three different 0 7 0 100 eee moderate susc cultuvar resistance levels Phyt First Phytophtora Negative Prognosis fol True False E SCHR DTER and ULLRICH gt Phyt Severe TE Negative Prognosis fol True False Phyt Negative TE Negative Prognosis fol 0 400 0 100 RO and 9 6 The practical use of the potato Late Blight models The tree different models bundled for potato Late Blight prognosis are supplementary together The SCHR DTER and ULLRICH Phytophtora Negative Prognosis was developed to assess the date of the first spray against Late Blight The calculation should start at emergence of the crop MetWin II works without the input of any date into the crop models There

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